WO2023179227A1 - 一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法与*** - Google Patents

一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法与*** Download PDF

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WO2023179227A1
WO2023179227A1 PCT/CN2023/075115 CN2023075115W WO2023179227A1 WO 2023179227 A1 WO2023179227 A1 WO 2023179227A1 CN 2023075115 W CN2023075115 W CN 2023075115W WO 2023179227 A1 WO2023179227 A1 WO 2023179227A1
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detector
ray intensity
rays
ray
scattered
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PCT/CN2023/075115
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French (fr)
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小野光
吉振宁
郭咏梅
郭咏阳
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康达洲际医疗器械有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/002D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/003Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
    • G06T11/005Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of image processing, and in particular to a cone beam computed tomography imaging method and system based on scattering recognition.
  • Cone beam computed tomography is an imaging method that is widely used in the study of tissue structure. Applications include image-guided targeted controlled release and radiation guidance. The application of this technology on the C-arm provides good clinical imaging capabilities and mobility for the study of target tissue structures, and makes it easier to access the target tissue, effectively supporting operations such as stent or stent placement within the target tissue. implementation.
  • the present invention introduces an additional hardware change.
  • the estimation difficulty of the software algorithm is reduced and the final result is improved.
  • the accuracy and acquisition efficiency of the final imaging proposes a cone beam computed tomography imaging method based on scattering identification, which receives the original rays emitted by the transmitter through a detector, which includes a top detector, a collimator and a collimator arranged in sequence.
  • Base level detector including steps:
  • S6 Construct tomography imaging of the target tissue based on the primary ray intensity at each pixel point.
  • the top detector has low resistance to radiation
  • the base detector has high resistance to radiation
  • the top detector has position sensitivity to ray intensity.
  • S est is the scattered ray intensity
  • Iceil is the first ray intensity
  • Ibase is the second ray intensity
  • A is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the top detector
  • B is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the top detector. Proportion.
  • step S5 the estimation of primary ray intensity can be expressed as the following formula:
  • P est is the estimated primary ray intensity
  • A′ is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the base detector
  • B′ is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the base detector.
  • the present invention also proposes a cone beam computed tomography imaging system based on scattering recognition, including:
  • Emitter used to emit raw rays with a preset spectrum width to the target tissue
  • the top detector is used to obtain the first ray of the original ray at each pixel after penetrating the target tissue. strength
  • Collimator used to attenuate the scattered rays after the original rays penetrate the target tissue and the top detector
  • the base layer detector is used to obtain the second ray intensity at each pixel point of the original ray after scattering and attenuation by the collimator;
  • a data processing unit configured to estimate the intensity of scattered rays after the original ray penetrates the target tissue based on the intensity of the first ray and the intensity of the second ray at the corresponding pixel point, and based on the estimated intensity of the scattered rays, eliminate them through the second ray intensity estimation Primary ray intensity after scattered rays;
  • An imaging processing unit used to construct tomographic imaging of the target tissue based on the primary ray intensity at each pixel point;
  • the top detector, collimator and base detector are connected in sequence.
  • the top detector has low resistance to radiation
  • the base detector has high resistance to radiation
  • the top detector has position sensitivity to ray intensity.
  • S est is the scattered ray intensity
  • Iceil is the first ray intensity
  • Ibase is the second ray intensity
  • A is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the top detector
  • B is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the top detector. Proportion.
  • the estimation of primary ray intensity can be expressed as the following formula:
  • P est is the estimated primary ray intensity
  • A′ is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the base detector
  • B′ is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the base detector.
  • the present invention at least contains the following beneficial effects:
  • a cone beam computed tomography imaging method and system based on scattering identification according to the present invention through the setting of the top detector, priority is given to detecting scattered rays without external interference, and the top detector is used
  • the primary ray intensity and the scattered ray intensity are established as a function of the ray intensity detected by the base detector. Therefore, by using additional information from the top detector, the primary ray intensity can be better identified.
  • the existing technology only a single detector is used, and the detected rays simultaneously include Including primary rays and scattered rays, it is difficult to distinguish primary rays from this mixed ray;
  • the top detector has low resistance to the original rays and will not block the propagation of primary rays, so that the intensity of the rays detected by the final base detector will not be lost and will not affect the actual required irradiation dose. .
  • Figure 1 is a method step diagram of a cone beam computed tomography imaging method based on scattering recognition
  • Figure 2 is a system structure diagram of a cone beam computed tomography imaging system based on scattering recognition
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of traditional CBCT transmission
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the detector of the present invention.
  • FPD flat panel detector
  • FPD is a two-dimensional original ray detector that has position sensitivity after discretization.
  • the original ray 3 generated by emitter 1 is transmitted and projected onto FPD 5, and its ray intensity is recorded as a shadow.
  • the original rays produce scattered rays4 in the target tissue, thereby contaminating the data obtained by FPD.
  • Various scattered ray estimation algorithms are then used to estimate scattered rays, but the estimation in this process can basically only use contaminated data obtained on the FPD.
  • the summation is the size of the kernel (that is, the kernel function kernel(k,l)) defined by pixels relative to k and l.
  • this estimation method is an approximate solution of equations designed through empirical theory, it will lead to partial estimation residuals. To solve this part of the residual error, it is necessary to optimize the kernel through additional scans, but this will obviously increase the radiation dose, and the actual operation requirements are also more complex.
  • there is another method that is to add obstacles between the X-ray tube and the target tissue to block only the primary rays (avoiding the detection of scattered rays). However, this method also increases the radiation dose. Because it blocks the primary rays, part of the signal is lost.
  • the present invention proposes a cone beam computed tomography imaging method based on scattering identification.
  • the original rays emitted by the transmitter are received through a detector.
  • the detector includes a top detector 6, a collimator, and a top detector 6 arranged in sequence.
  • Detector 7 and base detector 8 shown in Figure 4
  • S6 Construct tomographic imaging of the target tissue based on the initial ray intensity at each pixel point.
  • two detectors top detector and base detector, the detector configuration is not limited to FPD, similar but different configurations can also be achieved by connecting the two detectors in parallel and installing a collimator between them.
  • Realization can receive the original rays that penetrate or scatter in the target tissue. Part of the original rays reaches the top detector and is transmitted or scattered, and is further attenuated by the collimator between the two detectors before reaching the base detector.
  • the top detector needs to use materials with weak resistance to rays. Among them, the most conservative applications use silicon 200 to 500 microns thick.
  • the top detector composed of silicon material with this thickness can transmit 97% of the original rays, thus minimizing the impact of the top detector on Effects of base detectors.
  • the data information obtained by the top detector can be utilized without affecting the intensity of rays detected by the base detector.
  • the top detector may also consider using a material with stronger blocking properties, such as 150um thick CSL, in which 54% of the rays can react under 60kev conditions.
  • a material with stronger blocking properties such as 150um thick CSL
  • the advantage of CSL is that light absorption dominates low (95% at 60kev) over the typical energy range. Therefore, the probability of further scattering of rays in CSL is much smaller than in other materials such as silicon, and complex reprocessing between scattered rays and primary rays does not occur in CSL. In other words, scattered rays and primary rays will not be further scattered in Csl, but the primary rays can be directly detected by the base detector. Due to the physical characteristics of X-rays, the signals from the top detector and the base detector constitute a low-energy ray part and a high-energy ray part, so that material analysis can be performed and then converted into material information of the target tissue.
  • the top detector in the present invention has the characteristic of preferentially detecting scattered rays, which means that the top detector has a higher scattered photon ratio than the base detector. Based on this characteristic, without increasing the ray dose, the difference in ray intensity detected by the top detector and the base detector can be used to estimate scattered rays and primary rays.
  • the specific estimation idea is as follows.
  • Iceil is used to represent the first ray intensity obtained by the top detector
  • A is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the top detector
  • B is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the top detector
  • A′ is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the base detector
  • B′ is the scattered rays.
  • C, C′, D, and D′ are simplified coefficients, which are obtained from A, A′, B, and B′ through a series of transformations.
  • the values of A and B are much less than 1 (for example, silicon ⁇ 0.03).
  • ⁇ a is the blocking ratio of the collimator to primary rays
  • ⁇ b is the blocking ratio of the collimator to scattered rays.
  • formula (4) is reasonable. Since the ray intensity detected by the base detector contains most of the signal at the pixel of interest, the primary ray is basically determined by the ray intensity detected by the base detector. It should be noted that Iceil is related to scattering S. After normalization by its test efficiency, the second term of each sub-formula in formula group (4) is a correction factor.
  • the second method used in the present invention is to estimate the intensity of scattered rays.
  • the air is scanned to calibrate the base detector. Since there is no scattering when calibrating with air, the estimated primary ray P est is expressed by equation (5) as follows, where Represents the intensity obtained when scanning air with a base detector:
  • P obj is the primary ray intensity detected in the base layer detector during scanning
  • S obj is the scattered ray intensity detected in the base layer detector during scanning.
  • the present invention uses the second equation S of formula (4) multiplied by B′/A′ to estimate the scattered rays, and subtracts them to obtain the following final solution formula:
  • S est refers to the scattered ray intensity estimated using equation (4). This method requires calibration of the three coefficients 1/A′, B′/A′B, and AB′/A′B in formula (7).
  • the coefficients of the second sub-formula S of formula (4) namely 1/B and A/B, can be determined or calibrated before the experiment starts.
  • the classic method for determining scattered rays is the beam resistor array.
  • the top detector and collimator can be designed separately to perform calibration in a simpler manner. After scanning the air with and without the top detector and collimator, the true primary ray signal can be obtained and the attenuated signal in the top detector plus collimator
  • the first coefficient A′ in equation (7) can be calibrated by the following formula.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ need to be determined.
  • True values can be obtained by using a beam stop array placed between the X-ray tube and the target tissue. Beam stop array creates shadows on certain pixels, only stopping the primary ray instead of Scattered rays. Therefore, the signal of a basic detector with a beam stop array changes from equation (1) to Will Substitute into equation (6) Then we can get the true value on the left side of equation (8).
  • Iceil's statistics may be relatively poor if a top detector with weak resistance is used.
  • the noise of each signal is controlled by Iceil.
  • the scattered ray distribution depends weakly on the detector position.
  • the noise generated by the statistical difference of the top detector can be eliminated and can be easily Easily reduce noise levels to those of base level detectors. That is, the signal-to-noise ratio level of the final image for each pixel is determined by the signals from the top detector and the bottom detector. Therefore, a poor signal from the top detector will significantly deteriorate the quality of the final image.
  • the signal from the top detector can be smoothed over approximately 100 pixels to improve statistics, since the scattering distribution is generally smooth.
  • the third method is to use the conventional method described at the beginning of this example, since the top detector is basically the same as the detector used in this conventional method.
  • the air is scanned to calibrate the detector, we use equation (5).
  • Equation (6) when scanning an object of finite size and calibrating it to the detector, the effects of scattered rays are slightly included.
  • equation (7) again, but this time we estimate the scattering S est in a different way.
  • I ceil into I in equation (0) and estimate the scattering.
  • the beam stop array is used to obtain pure scattering data, and the kernel in formula (0) is calibrated.
  • a cone beam computed tomography imaging system based on scattering recognition includes:
  • Emitter used to emit raw rays with a preset spectrum width to the target tissue
  • the top detector is used to obtain the first ray intensity of the original ray at each pixel point after penetrating the target tissue;
  • Collimator used to attenuate the scattered rays after the original rays penetrate the target tissue and the top detector
  • the base layer detector is used to obtain the second ray intensity at each pixel point of the original ray after scattering and attenuation by the collimator;
  • a data processing unit configured to estimate the intensity of scattered rays after the original ray penetrates the target tissue based on the intensity of the first ray and the intensity of the second ray at the corresponding pixel point, and based on the estimated intensity of the scattered rays, eliminate them through the second ray intensity estimation Primary ray intensity after scattered rays;
  • An imaging processing unit used to construct tomographic imaging of the target tissue based on the initial ray intensity at each pixel point;
  • the top detector, collimator and base detector are connected in sequence.
  • the top detector has low resistance to rays
  • the base detector has high resistance to rays.
  • the top detector has position sensitivity to ray intensity.
  • S est is the scattered ray intensity
  • Iceil is the first ray intensity
  • Ibase is the second ray intensity
  • A is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the top detector
  • B is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the top detector. Proportion.
  • the estimation of primary ray intensity can be expressed as the following formula:
  • P est is the estimated primary ray intensity
  • A′ is the proportion of primary rays absorbed in the base detector
  • B′ is the proportion of scattered rays absorbed in the base detector.
  • the cone beam computed tomography imaging method and system based on scattering recognition through the setting of the top detector, preferentially detects scattered rays without external interference, and uses the top detector to The functional relationship between the ray intensity detected by the detector and the base detector and the primary ray and scattered ray is used to estimate the primary ray intensity using the scattered ray intensity which is relatively more stable in calculation. level of ray intensity, resulting in better final imaging quality.
  • the top detector has low resistance to the original rays and will not block the propagation of primary rays, so that the intensity of the rays detected by the final base detector will not be lost and will not affect the actual required irradiation dose. Since the function coefficient of scattered ray intensity in the actual calculation process is only related to the new hardware, it can be confirmed and calibrated before actual operation. Therefore, it will not be affected by the structure and shape of the target tissue, and has a wider application range.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited.
  • fixing can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,涉及图像处理技术领域,包括步骤:控制发射器向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的透射射线;通过顶部探测器获取穿透目标组织后透射射线在各像素点处的第一射线强度,通过基层探测器获取经由准直器散射衰减后透射射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度,并估算透射射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度;结合第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度,构建目标组织的断层扫描成像。

Description

一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法与*** 技术领域
本发明涉及图像处理技术领域,具体涉及一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法与***。
背景技术
锥束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)是一种在组织结构研究过程中被广泛应用的成像方式,应用场合如基于图像引导下的靶向控释以及射线引导。通过该技术在C型臂上的应用,为目标组织结构的研究提供了良好的临床成像能力和可移动性,且更易于接近目标组织,有力地支持了目标组织内支架或支架置入等操作的实施。
然而,由于CBCT的锥束和探测器覆盖范围较广,因此在射线(X射线)透射目标组织过程中,目标组织和设备中的射线会发生严重散射并被探测器检测到。而高散射光子比(SPR,检测到的散射射线与初级射线的比率)会严重降低成像质量,例如低对比度噪声比和/或不准确的CT编号,这使得最终获得图像所显示出的目标组织状态与实际目标组织状态存在一定偏差,从而对后续研究造成无法挽回的不良影响(其中初级射线是指射线发射器和CBCT探测器之间没有任何交互作用的纯原始射线)。
要克服原始射线在穿透目标组织过程中由于发生散射现象对最终成像的影响,在现有技术中,主要有两种方法。其中一种是硬件方法,例如通过在探测器上加装准直器来阻挡原始射线中的散射射线。原则上,这是获得理想图像的最佳方法,但需要权衡剂量的影响,且具有一定的技术挑战性,因为过高密度的准直器也可能将初级射线阻挡,从而减小初级射线被探测器检测到的信号强度。另一种是通过从检测到的信号中估计散射射线信号的软件算法。它的主要挑战是获得的信号既包含散射射线又包含初级射线,由于信号组成的复杂性,并不一定适合估计真实的散射射线。
发明内容
为了获得更高质量的断层扫描图像,本发明引入了一种额外的硬件更改,通过引入新的数据信息到软件算法中,从而降低软件算法的估算难度,提高最 终成像的精确度和获取效率。具体的,本发明提出了一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,其是通过探测器接收发射器发射的原始射线,所述探测器包括依次设置的顶部探测器、准直器和基层探测器,包括步骤:
S1:控制发射器向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的原始射线;
S2:通过顶部探测器获取穿透目标组织后原始射线在各像素点处的第一射线强度;
S3:通过基层探测器获取经由准直器散射衰减后原始射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度;
S4:通过对应像素点处的第一射线强度和第二射线强度,估算原始射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度;
S5:基于估算的散射射线强度,通过第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度;
S6:根据各像素点处的初级射线强度构建目标组织的断层扫描成像。
进一步地,所述顶部探测器对射线低阻,基层探测器对射线高阻。
进一步地,所述顶部探测器对于射线强度具有位置灵敏度。
进一步地,所述S4步骤中,散射射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
Sest=Iceil/B-Ibase*A/B
式中,Sest为散射射线强度,Iceil为第一射线强度,Ibase为第二射线强度,A为初级射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,B为散射射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例。
进一步地,所述S5步骤中,初级射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
式中,Pest为估算的初级射线强度,A′为初级射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例,B′为散射射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例。
本发明还提出了一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,包括:
发射器,用于向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的原始射线;
顶部探测器,用于获取穿透目标组织后原始射线在各像素点处的第一射线 强度;
准直器,用于衰减原始射线穿透过目标组织和顶部探测器后的散射射线;
基层探测器,用于获取经由准直器散射衰减后原始射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度;
数据处理单元,用于根据对应像素点处的第一射线强度和第二射线强度,估算原始射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度,并基于估算的散射射线强度,通过第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度;
成像处理单元,用于根据各像素点处的初级射线强度构建目标组织的断层扫描成像;
所述顶部探测器、准直器和基层探测器依次连接。
进一步地,所述顶部探测器对射线低阻,基层探测器对射线高阻。
进一步地,所述顶部探测器对于射线强度具有位置灵敏度。
进一步地,所述数据处理单元中,散射射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
Sest=Iceil/B-Ibase*A/B
式中,Sest为散射射线强度,Iceil为第一射线强度,Ibase为第二射线强度,A为初级射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,B为散射射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例。
进一步地,所述数据处理单元中,初级射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
式中,Pest为估算的初级射线强度,A′为初级射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例,B′为散射射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少含有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法与***,通过顶部探测器的设置,在没有外界干扰的情况下优先对散射射线进行探测,并利用顶部探测器与基层探测器所检测到射线强度建立初级射线、散射射线的函数关系,因此,通过使用来自顶部检测器的附加信息,可以更好的识别初级射线强度。而在现有技术中,仅使用单个检测器,检测到的射线同时包 括初级射线和散射射线,难以从该混合射线中区分初级射线;
(2)由于新硬件的加设,在软件算法中引入了新的数据,从而能够在一次测量中利用简单的函数关系式推导出最终所需要的初级射线强度数据,相较于现有技术中初级射线和散射射线的混合信号被用来估计散射射线,因此估计不是很精确,有些方法甚至增加了剂量,因为他们不得不放弃一些数据。大部分散射射线可以通过准直器作为经典方法从根本上去除。而本发明则可以通过顶部探测器来进一步估计混合在信号中的散射X射线,以减少估算误差;
(3)顶部探测器对原始射线低阻,不会阻断初级射线的传播,使得最终基层探测器所检测到的射线强度不会产生丢失,而对实际所需要的照射剂量也不会产生影响。
附图说明
图1为一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法的方法步骤图;
图2为一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***的***结构图;
图3为传统CBCT透射示意图;
图4为本发明探测器结构示意图;
附图标记说明:1-发射器、2-目标组织、3-原始射线、4-散射射线、5-FPD、6-顶部探测器、7-准直器、8-基层探测器。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例一
在传统的CBCT中,如图3所示,只有一个平板探测器(FPD)作为CBCT原始射线探测器。其中,FPD是一种二维原始射线探测器,离散化后具有位置灵敏度。发射器1产生的原始射线3被传输并投射到FPD5上,其射线强度被记录为阴影。在目标组织2周围重复原始射线照射并以不同角度记录,可以重建目标组织的横截面图像。然而,原始射线在目标组织中产生散射射线4,进而污染FPD所获得的数据。然后再利用各种散射射线估计算法进行散射射线的估算,但这一过程中的估算基本只能够使用FPD上所获得的受污染后的数据。
其中,散射射线估计算法的经典算法之一是滤波卷积,在该算法中,其卷积核被用来估计散射射线。平板探测器所检测到的射线强度用以下公式表示,其中P和S分别代表初级射线和散射射线。
I=P+S
其中,图像中像素位置(i,j)处的散射射线强度的估算如下近似估算公式:
S=∑∑P(i-k,j-l)×kernel(k,l)~∑∑I(i-k,j-l)×kernel(k,l)   (0)
式中,求和是通过像素相对于k和l定义的内核(也即是核函数kernel(k,l))大小。然而,该估算方法由于是通过经验性理论设计的近似求解方程,因此会导致出现部分预估残差。而要解决这部分残差,就需要通过额外扫描对内核进行优化,但这显然会增加射线剂量,在实际对于操作的要求也更为复杂。在最新的技术中,还有一种方法,就是在X射线管和目标组织之间添加障碍物,以此做到仅阻挡初级射线(避免检测到散射射线),然而该方法也增加了射线剂量,因为它是通过阻断初级射线而丢失了部分信号。
而在本专利中,为了在不增大射线剂量的情况下准确对散射射线进行估算,同时考虑到现有技术是由于单探测器所检测到的原始射线在各像素点处组合复杂,对于散射射线的估算困难才出现的上述问题。在本发明中,提出了一种新的装置来改善现有方法,从而更好的在最终成像时减少散射射线的干扰。如图1所示,本发明提出了一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,通过探测器接收发射器发射的原始射线,所述探测器包括依次设置的顶部探测器6、准直器7和基层探测器8(如图4所示),包括步骤:
S1:控制发射器向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的原始射线;
S2:通过顶部探测器获取穿透目标组织后原始射线在各像素点处的第一射线强度;
S3:通过基层探测器获取经由准直器散射衰减后原始射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度;
S4:通过对应像素点处的第一射线强度和第二射线强度,估算原始射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度;
S5:基于估算的散射射线强度,通过第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度;
S6:根据各像素点处的初始射线强度构建目标组织的断层扫描成像。
在本发明中,两个探测器(顶部探测器和基层探测器,探测器配置不限于FPD,类似但不同的配置亦可通过将两个探测器并联并在两者之间安装准直器来实现)都能接收穿透或散射在目标组织中的原始射线。部分原始射线到达顶部探测器后透射通过或发生散射,经过两个探测器之间的准直器进一步地衰减后到达基层探测器。而为了减少由于顶部探测器对射线的阻挡对基层探测器影响,因此,顶部探测器需要采用对射线具有弱阻力的材料。其中,最保守的的应用是使用200至500微米厚的硅。在发射器发射的典型能量范围内(也即是预设频谱宽度,60~80kev),该厚度硅材料所组成的顶部探测器能够透过97%的原始射线,因此可以最小化顶部探测器对基础探测器的影响。从而在不影响基层探测器所检测到的射线强度的情况下,利用顶部探测器所获得的数据信息。
在一个优选实施例中,顶部探测器也可以考虑使用拥有更为强力阻挡性能的材料,如150um厚的Csl,在该材料中54%的射线可以在60kev的条件下发生反应。Csl的优点在于在典型能量范围内,光吸收占主导低位(60kev时为95%)。因此,Csl中的射线进一步发生散射的概率远小于硅等其它材料,并且Csl中不会发生散射射线和初级射线之间的复杂再处理。换句话说,就是散射射线和初级射线不会在Csl中进一步发生散射,而是可以直接被基层探测器检测到初级射线。而由于X射线物理学方面上的特性,顶部探测器和基层探测器的信号构成了低能射线部分和高能射线部分,从而可以进行物质分析,进而转换为目标组织的物质信息。
同时,由于以下几个原因:
(1)相较于基层探测器,顶部探测器上没有准直器来阻挡散射射线;
(2)低能射线更容易在目标组织内发生散射,而顶部探测器在低能时的阻挡能力一般更强;
(3)散射射线并不是垂直射入顶部探测器的,而是以θ角度入射,因此顶部探测器对于散射射线的有效探测厚度正比于1/cosθ。
基于上述三点原因,本发明中的顶部探测器具有优先探测散射射线的特性,也就是说顶部探测器相较于基层探测器具有高散射光子比。而基于该特性,在不增加射线剂量的情况下,根据顶部探测器和基层探测器所检测到射线强度的差异就可以用来估计散射射线和初级射线,具体估计思路如下。
在本实施例中,在某一像素点处,分别用Iceil表示顶部探测器获得的第一射线强度,用Ibase表示基层探测器获得的第二射线强度,由于这两者都是由初级射线强度(假设定义为P)和散射射线强度(假设定义为S)组成的,因此可以用如下线性组合公式表示:
Iceil=A*P+B*S
Ibase=A′*P+B′*S        (1)
其中,A为初级射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,B为散射射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,A′为初级射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例,B′为散射射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例。
那么基于上述公式组(1),可以得到初级射线强度和散射射线强度的表达式如下:
P=C*Iceil+D*Ibase
S=C′*Iceil+D′*Ibase        (2)
式中,C、C′、D、D′为简化表示的系数,是由A、A′、B、B′经过一些列转换所获得的。而为了实现公式(2)的简化,本发明运用了以下事实。考虑到能量守恒以及准直器引起的原始射线衰减,在实际情况中,应满足如下方程:
A+A′+Δa=1
B+B′+Δb=1         (3)
在本发明中,由于顶部探测器采用弱阻力材料,因此A和B的数值远小于1(例如硅<0.03)。其中Δa为准直器对初级射线的阻挡的比值,Δb为准直器对散射射线的阻挡的比值。当准直器阻挡了一小部分初级射线时,大部分散射射线也被阻挡了,也即是Δa<<1,1-Δb<<1。同时,由于初级射线比散射射线具有更高的能量,顶部探测器对高能射线的阻挡能力较弱,A与B一致甚至更小。
具体的,C、C′、D、D′的推导可用如下公式组表示:
而由于A<<1,B<<1,Δa<<1,A+A′+Δa=1,1-Δb<<1,B+B′+Δb=1,所以A′≈1,B′<<1,基于此,各简化系数实际表示为:



那么,通过消除A′和B′,并利用公式(3)的事实,P和S可进一步表示为如下公式:
P=Ibase+Iceil*(B+Δb-1)/B
S=Iceil/B-Ibase*A/B              (4)
直观的来说,公式(4)是合理的。由于基层探测器所检测到的射线强度包含了感兴趣像素处的大部分信号,因此初级射线基本上是由基层探测器所检测到的射线强度决定的。需要注意的是,Iceil与散射S相关,经其检验效率归一化后,公式组(4)中各子公式的第二项均为校正因子。
而由公式组(4)不难看出,得到初级射线强度最直接的方法就是利用其第一个子公式P。在这种情况下,初级射线直接通过来自顶部和底部探测器的信号的线性组合来估计。实际上,由于等式(4)只是一个近似值,我们可以通过实验获得等式(2)中的C和D来最好地估计初级射线。为执行校准,当扫描各种对象时,可以使用X射线阻断器技术获得纯初级射线。
第二种方法是本发明采用的估算散射射线强度。首先,对空气进行扫描,以校准基层检测器。由于在用空气进行校准时没有散射,估计的初级射线Pest由公式(5)表示如下,其中表示用基层探测器在空气扫描时获得的强度:
此时,当扫描有限尺寸的物体并对基层探测器进行标定时,将散射射线的影响略加考虑,估计得到的初级射线Pest,tentative如下:
式中,Pobj为在扫描时在基层探测器中检测到的初级射线强度,Sobj为在扫描时在基层探测器中检测到的散射射线强度。
因此,为了进一步消除这种影响,本发明采用公式(4)的第二个方程S乘以B′/A′来估计散射射线,并减去,得到如下最终求解式:
式中,Sest指使用方程(4)估计的散射射线强度。该方法需要标定公式(7)中1/A′、B′/A′B、AB′/A′B这三个系数。
其中,公式(4)的第二子公式S的系数,即1/B和A/B,可以在实验开始前就进行确定或校准。而确定散射射线的经典方法是束阻阵列。
由于等式(5)的校准与CT的校准基本相同。然而,对于C型臂,由于其机械结构简单,顶部探测器和准直器可以分开设计,以便以更简单的方式执行校准。在分别使用和不使用顶部探测器加准直器扫描空气后,可以获得真正的初级射线信号和在顶部探测器加准直器中衰减后的信号
基于等式(1),公式(7)中的第一个系数A′可以通过如下公式标定。
为了确定等式(7)中的第二项和第三项系数,需要扫描一个对象。首先,扫描物体并在顶部和底部检测器获得信号,即现在我们的目标是通过使用和以下表达式来估计等式(7)中的第二项和第三项。
换句话说,需要确定α和β。为了做到这一点,我们需要获得等式(8)中左侧的真实值。真实值可以通过使用放置在X射线管和目标组织之间的射束停止阵列来获得。光束停止阵列在某些像素上产生阴影,仅停止初级射线而不是 散射射线。因此,具有光束停止阵列的基础探测器的信号从等式(1)变为代入式(6)中的即可得到式(8)中左侧的真值。
将式(8)与两个未知系数α和β进行比较,将式(9)得到的值与光束停止阵列进行比较,可以确定系数α和β。由于我们有两个未知系数,我们需要扫描几个具有不同大小和/或结构的不同对象,或者只从不同角度扫描一个固定结构的对象就可求得。
此外,需要注意的是,如果使用弱阻力的顶部探测器,Iceil的统计数据可能会相对较差。在这种情况下,每个信号的噪声由Iceil控制。然而,散射射线分布弱取决于探测器位置,通过将像素坐标(i,j)处的S平滑到100个像素级上,就可以消除顶部探测器因为统计性差异所产生的噪声,并且可以很容易地将噪声级降低至基层探测器的噪声级。也即是每个像素的最终图像的信噪比水平由顶部探测器和底部探测器的信号所决定。因此,顶部探测器的信号不好会使最终图像的质量明显恶化。然而,顶部探测器的信号可以在大约100个像素上进行平滑处理,用以改善统计数据,因为散射分布一般都很平滑。
第三种方法是利用本实施例开头所述的常规方法,因为顶部探测器与该常规方法中使用的探测器基本相同。首先,对空气进行扫描以校准探测器,我们使用公式(5)。同样,如公式(6),当扫描有限尺寸的物体并将校准用于探测器时,散射射线的影响会被略微包括在内。而后,我们再使用公式(7),但此时我们以不同的方式估计其中的散射Sest。与第二种方法不同的是,我们将Iceil带入公式(0)中的I,并估计散射。最后利用波束停止阵列获得纯散射数据,对公式(0)中的核进行标定。
实施例二
为了更好的对本发明的技术内容进行理解,本实施例通过***结构的方式来对本发明进行阐述,如图2所示,一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,包括:
发射器,用于向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的原始射线;
顶部探测器,用于获取穿透目标组织后原始射线在各像素点处的第一射线强度;
准直器,用于衰减原始射线穿透过目标组织和顶部探测器后的散射射线;
基层探测器,用于获取经由准直器散射衰减后原始射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度;
数据处理单元,用于根据对应像素点处的第一射线强度和第二射线强度,估算原始射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度,并基于估算的散射射线强度,通过第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度;
成像处理单元,用于根据各像素点处的初始射线强度构建目标组织的断层扫描成像;
所述顶部探测器、准直器和基层探测器依次连接。
进一步地,顶部探测器对射线低阻,基层探测器对射线高阻。
进一步地,顶部探测器对于射线强度具有位置灵敏度。
进一步地,数据处理单元中,散射射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
Sest=Iceil/B-Ibase*A/B
式中,Sest为散射射线强度,Iceil为第一射线强度,Ibase为第二射线强度,A为初级射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,B为散射射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例。
进一步地,数据处理单元中,初级射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
式中,Pest为估算的初级射线强度,A′为初级射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例,B′为散射射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例。
综上所述,本发明所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法与***,通过顶部探测器的设置,在没有外界干扰的情况下优先对散射射线进行探测,并利用顶部探测器与基层探测器所检测到射线强度与初级射线、散射射线的函数关系,从而利用在计算上相对更加稳定的散射射线强度估算出初 级射线强度,使得最终成像质量更佳。
由于新硬件的加设,在软件算法中引入了新的数据,从而能够在一次测量中利用简单的函数关系式推导出最终所需要的初级射线强度数据,相较于现有技术中由于只设有单个探测器,探测到的射线中既包含初级射线,又包括散射射线,如果仅采用单次探测,就需要花费大量算力估算出实际散射射线强度,而如果采用二次探测又会增加目标组织的射线照射剂量,影响目标组织结构,因此本发明能够在保证照射剂量安全的情况下更加快速的获得成像结果。
顶部探测器对原始射线低阻,不会阻断初级射线的传播,使得最终基层探测器所检测到的射线强度不会产生丢失,而对实际所需要的照射剂量也不会产生影响。由于散射射线强度在实际计算过程中的函数系数仅与新增硬件有关,能够在实际操作前就进行确认和校准,因此不会受目标组织结构和外形的影响,适用范围更广。
需要说明,本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等,如果该特定姿态发生改变时,则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外,在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”、“一”等的描述仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解,例如,“固定”可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外,本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本 领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,其特征在于,通过探测器接收发射器发射的原始射线,所述探测器包括依次设置的顶部探测器、准直器和基层探测器,包括步骤:
    S1:控制发射器向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的原始射线;
    S2:通过顶部探测器获取穿透目标组织后原始射线在各像素点处的第一射线强度;
    S3:通过基层探测器获取经由准直器散射衰减后原始射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度;
    S4:通过对应像素点处的第一射线强度和第二射线强度,估算原始射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度;
    S5:基于估算的散射射线强度,通过第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度;
    S6:根据各像素点处的初级射线强度构建目标组织的断层扫描成像。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,其特征在于,所述顶部探测器对射线低阻,基层探测器对射线高阻。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,其特征在于,所述顶部探测器对于射线强度具有位置灵敏度。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,其特征在于,所述S4步骤中,散射射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
    Sest=Iceil/B-Ibase*A/B
    式中,Sest为估算的散射射线强度,Iceil为第一射线强度,Ibase为第二射线强度,A为初级射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,B为散射射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像方法,其特征在于,所述S5步骤中,初级射线强度的估算可表示为 如下公式:
    式中,Pest为估算的初级射线强度,A′为初级射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例,B′为散射射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例。
  6. 一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,其特征在于,包括:
    发射器,用于向目标组织发射预设频谱宽度的原始射线;
    顶部探测器,用于获取穿透目标组织后原始射线在各像素点处的第一射线强度;
    准直器,用于衰减原始射线穿透过目标组织和顶部探测器后的散射射线;
    基层探测器,用于获取经由准直器散射衰减后原始射线在各像素点处的第二射线强度;
    数据处理单元,用于根据对应像素点处的第一射线强度和第二射线强度,估算原始射线穿透目标组织后的散射射线强度,并基于估算的散射射线强度,通过第二射线强度估算剔除散射射线后的初级射线强度;
    成像处理单元,用于根据各像素点处的初级射线强度构建目标组织的断层扫描成像;
    所述顶部探测器、准直器和基层探测器依次连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,其特征在于,所述顶部探测器对射线低阻,基层探测器对射线高阻。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,其特征在于,所述顶部探测器对于射线强度具有位置灵敏度。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,其特征在于,所述数据处理单元中,散射射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
    Sest=Iceil/B-Ibase*A/B
    式中,Sest为散射射线强度,Iceil为第一射线强度,Ibase为第二射线强度,A为初级射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例,B为散射射线在顶部探测器内被吸收的比例。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种基于散射识别的锥束计算机断层扫描成像***,其特征在于,所述数据处理单元中,初级射线强度的估算可表示为如下公式:
    式中,Pest为估算的初级射线强度,A′为初级射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例,B′为散射射线在基层探测器内被吸收的比例。
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