WO2023179192A1 - 电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023179192A1
WO2023179192A1 PCT/CN2023/073634 CN2023073634W WO2023179192A1 WO 2023179192 A1 WO2023179192 A1 WO 2023179192A1 CN 2023073634 W CN2023073634 W CN 2023073634W WO 2023179192 A1 WO2023179192 A1 WO 2023179192A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
wall
battery cell
box part
pressure relief
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/073634
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑陈铃
刘越
王增忠
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP23773444.7A priority Critical patent/EP4383434A1/en
Publication of WO2023179192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179192A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery and electrical equipment, which can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • a battery including: a first box part; a second box part, the first box part and the second box part covering each other to form an accommodation space; a battery cell, The battery cells are accommodated in the accommodation space.
  • the battery cells are provided with electrode terminals and a pressure relief mechanism.
  • the electrode terminals are close to the first box portion relative to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief mechanism a pressure mechanism that is activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value to release the internal pressure or temperature; an insulating liquid, the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodation space and immerses the pressure relief mechanism , wherein when the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodation space, the first box part is located above the second box part.
  • the battery includes a first case part and a second case part, the battery cells and the insulating liquid are accommodated in the accommodation space formed by the first case part and the second case part, and the electrode terminals are relative to
  • the pressure relief mechanism is close to In the first box part, the insulating liquid is immersed in the pressure relief mechanism, and when the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodation space, the first box part is located above the second box part. In this way, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, the pressure relief mechanism is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the insulating liquid can enter the battery cell through the pressure relief mechanism, cutting off the contact between the combustible materials in the battery cell and the air, preventing or reducing the internal fire of the battery cell, and at the same time, the insulating liquid can also reduce the temperature of the battery cell; in addition, On the one hand, the insulating liquid can exchange heat with the emissions emitted by the battery cells, lowering the temperature of the emissions and preventing thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent battery cells and even the entire battery. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the height of the insulating liquid in the accommodating space along the direction of gravity is smaller than the height of the second box portion along the direction of gravity. the height of. In this way, when the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodating space, the height of the insulating liquid will not exceed the height of the second box part, which can prevent the insulating liquid from leaking from the connection between the first box part and the second box part.
  • the electrode terminal is provided on the first wall of the battery cell
  • the pressure relief mechanism is provided on the second wall of the battery cell
  • the first wall and The second walls are spaced apart and oppositely arranged along a first direction, wherein when the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodation space, the first direction is parallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the electrode terminal is provided on the first wall of the battery cell
  • the pressure relief mechanism is provided on the third wall of the battery cell
  • the first wall is connected to the first wall of the battery cell.
  • the third walls are connected, the third wall is parallel to the first direction, and the first wall is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first wall is parallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the pressure relief mechanism and the electrode terminal are provided on a third wall of the battery cell, and the third wall is parallel to the first direction, wherein the insulating liquid is provided on When inside the accommodation space, the first direction is parallel to the direction of gravity. In this way, there is no need to reserve space for the electrode terminal between the first wall and the first box part, which is beneficial to improving space utilization in the battery.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is provided at an end of the third wall away from the first box part. In this way, on the third wall, the pressure relief mechanism is far away from the first box part relative to the electrode terminal, and there is It is beneficial to reduce the height of the insulating liquid in the second box part and prevent the insulating liquid from leaking or splashing from the connection between the second box part and the first box part.
  • the battery further includes: a battery management mechanism, which is disposed on a surface of the first box part away from the battery cell and is electrically connected to the battery.
  • a battery management mechanism which is disposed on a surface of the first box part away from the battery cell and is electrically connected to the battery.
  • the traditional sealing of the battery management mechanism cannot meet the needs of liquid sealing.
  • the distance between the insulating liquid and the battery management mechanism can be increased to prevent the insulating liquid from affecting the battery management mechanism. performance, reducing the reliability of the battery management mechanism; at the same time, it can also prevent the impact on the sealing performance of the battery management mechanism caused by the splashing of insulating liquid caused by the discharge of discharge materials inside the battery cells.
  • the first box part includes a top wall and a side wall, and the battery management mechanism is disposed on the side wall. Disposing the battery management mechanism on the side wall of the first box part can save space on the top of the first box part and improve space utilization.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is close to the inside of the battery cell relative to a surface of the second wall away from the battery cell. In this way, the pressure and temperature inside the battery cell can be easily released.
  • the battery further includes: a sealing gasket, the sealing gasket is disposed between the first box body part and the second box body part to seal the first box body The connection point between the first part and the second box part. In this way, impurities such as dust and water outside the battery can be prevented from affecting the components inside the battery.
  • an insulating member is provided between the battery cell and the second box part.
  • the insulation between the battery cell and the second box body can be further ensured, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the battery; at the same time, when there is a gap between the insulating member and the second wall of the battery cell, it is also beneficial to achieve insulation Storage of liquid between the insulator and the second wall of the battery cell.
  • an electrical device including the battery in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, where the battery is used to supply power to the electrical device.
  • the battery includes a first case part and a second case part, the battery cells and the insulating liquid are accommodated in the accommodation space formed by the first case part and the second case part, and the electrode terminals are relative to
  • the pressure relief mechanism is close to the first box part, the insulating liquid is immersed in the pressure relief mechanism, and when the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodation space, the first box part is located above the second box part.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the insulating liquid can enter the battery cell through the pressure relief mechanism, cutting off the battery cell.
  • the insulating liquid can also reduce the temperature of the battery cell; on the other hand, the insulating liquid can exchange heat with the emissions emitted by the battery cell, Lowering the temperature of emissions prevents thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent battery cells and even the entire battery. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the first box part according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the first box part according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a removable connection.
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery pack and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
  • multiple battery cells can be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
  • multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form a battery.
  • the battery is further installed in the electrical equipment to provide electrical energy to the electrical equipment.
  • the battery includes a first box part and a second box part.
  • the battery cells and the insulating liquid are accommodated in the accommodation formed by the first box part and the second box part.
  • the electrode terminal is close to the first box part relative to the pressure relief mechanism, the insulating liquid immerses the pressure relief mechanism, and when the insulating liquid is disposed in the accommodation space, the first box part is located above the second box part.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the insulating liquid can enter the battery cell through the pressure relief mechanism, cutting off the contact between the combustible materials in the battery cell and the air, preventing or reducing the internal fire of the battery cell, and at the same time, the insulating liquid can also reduce the temperature of the battery cell; in addition, On the one hand, the insulating liquid can interact with the discharged water from the battery cells. The exhaust heat exchanges to reduce the temperature of the exhaust and prevent thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent battery cells and even the entire battery. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • batteries such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include Airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may also include a box 11.
  • the inside of the box 11 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 11.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in a mixed combination and then placed in the box 11 .
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
  • the bus component can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus part may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the electrically conductive means can also be part of the busbar.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups. Set, each group of 20 battery cells forms a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements.
  • the battery may include multiple battery modules, which may be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22 , a casing 211 and a cover 212 .
  • Housing 211 and cover 212 form a housing or battery box 21 .
  • the wall of the casing 211 and the cover 212 are both called the wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • the wall of the casing 211 includes a bottom wall and four side walls.
  • the housing 211 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22.
  • the housing 211 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder, and one surface of the housing 211 has an opening to accommodate one or more electrodes.
  • Component 22 may be placed within housing 211.
  • one of the planes of the housing 211 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 are connected.
  • the end surface of the housing 211 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 are connected.
  • the cover plate 212 covers the opening and is connected with the housing 211 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 22 is placed.
  • the housing 211 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolyte solution.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include two electrode terminals 214 , and the two electrode terminals 214 may be disposed on the cover 212 .
  • the cover plate 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the cover plate 212.
  • the two electrode terminals 214 are respectively a positive electrode terminal 214a and a negative electrode terminal 214b.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is provided with a connecting member 23 , or it may also be called a current collecting member 23 , which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first tab 221a and a second tab 222a.
  • the first tab 221a and the second tab 222a have opposite polarities.
  • the first tab 221a is a positive tab
  • the second tab 222a is a negative tab.
  • the first tab 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 is connected to one electrode terminal through one connecting member 23, and the second tab 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 is connected to another electrode terminal through another connecting member 23.
  • the positive electrode terminal 214a is connected to the positive electrode tab through one connecting member 23, and the negative electrode terminal 214b is connected to the negative electrode tab through another connecting member 23.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be provided as a single or multiple electrode components according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery cell 20 is provided with four independent electrode assemblies 22 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 includes a first case part 111 , a second case part 112 , battery cells 20 and an insulating liquid 500 .
  • the first box part 111 and the third The two box parts 112 cover each other to form an accommodation space.
  • the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the accommodation space.
  • the battery cell 20 is provided with an electrode terminal 214 and a pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the electrode terminal 214 is close to the first box portion 111 relative to the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used for the battery cell.
  • the body 20 is actuated to vent when the internal pressure or temperature of the body 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodating space and immerses the pressure relief mechanism 213 . When the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodating space, the first box part 111 is located above the second box part 112 .
  • the first box part 111 may be flat, or may be rectangular or cylindrical with an opening on one side.
  • the second box part 112 may be in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder with an opening on one side, and the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 may cover each other to form a receiving space.
  • the battery cell 20 is provided with electrode terminals 214 and a pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the electrode terminals 214 may include a positive electrode terminal 214 and a negative electrode terminal 214 , and a bus component, such as a bar, may be connected to the electrode terminals 214 to achieve electrical connection between different battery cells 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to be activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be any possible pressure relief structure.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, and the temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism is configured inside the battery cell 20 with the pressure relief mechanism 213 . capable of melting when the temperature reaches a threshold value; and/or the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to melt when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value. rupture.
  • “Activation" of the pressure relief mechanism 213 means that the pressure relief mechanism 213 takes action, thereby allowing the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 20 to be released.
  • the actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 213 may include, but are not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 213 ruptures, is torn, or melts, and so on. After the pressure relief mechanism 213 is activated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cells 20 will be discharged outward from the pressure relief mechanism 213 as emissions.
  • Emissions from the battery cells 20 include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the separator, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by reactions, flames, and the like.
  • the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodating space and immerses the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the first box part 111 is located above the second box part 112.
  • the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodation space and immerses the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the first box part 111 is located above the second box part 112 . In this way, when the temperature or pressure within the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated to cause rupture.
  • the insulating liquid 500 can enter the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 213, cutting off the contact path between the combustible materials inside the battery cell 20 and the air, thereby avoiding or reducing the internal fire of the battery cell 20.
  • the insulating liquid 500 can also Reduce the temperature of the battery cell 20; on the other hand, the insulating liquid 500 can be exchanged with the emissions from the battery cell 20 heat, reducing the temperature of the emissions emitted from inside the battery cell 20, and preventing thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent battery cells 20 and even the entire battery 10.
  • the battery 10 includes a first box part 111 and a second box part 112.
  • the battery cells 20 and the insulating liquid 500 are accommodated in the accommodation formed by the first box part 111 and the second box part 112.
  • the electrode terminal 214 is close to the first box part 111 relative to the pressure relief mechanism 213, the insulating liquid 500 is immersed in the pressure relief mechanism 213, and when the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodation space, the first box part 111 is located in the second box above part 112. In this way, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches the threshold value, the pressure relief mechanism 213 is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the insulating liquid 500 can enter the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 213, cutting off the contact between the combustible materials in the battery cell 20 and the air, preventing or reducing the internal fire of the battery cell 20, and at the same time, the insulating liquid 500 can also reduce the temperature of the battery cell 20.
  • the temperature of the battery cells 20; on the other hand, the insulating liquid 500 can exchange heat with the emissions emitted by the battery cells 20, reduce the temperature of the emissions, and prevent thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent battery cells 20 and even the entire battery 10 . Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the height of the insulating liquid 500 in the accommodating space along the direction of gravity is smaller than the height of the second box portion 112 along the direction of gravity.
  • the direction of gravity may be the z direction.
  • the height of the insulating liquid 500 along the z direction is smaller than the height of the second box part 112 along the z direction, which can prevent the insulating liquid 500 from flowing out of the first box part 111 and the second box part 111 .
  • the connection between parts 112 is leaking.
  • the electrode terminal 214 is provided on the first wall 201 of the battery cell 20
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided on the second wall 202 of the battery cell 20
  • the first wall 201 and The second walls 202 are spaced apart and oppositely arranged along a first direction, wherein when the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodation space, the first direction is parallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the first direction may be the z direction in FIG. 4 .
  • the first wall 201 and the second wall 202 are spaced apart and opposite to each other, and the first wall 201 is relative to the second wall 201 Close to the first box part 111.
  • the electrode terminal 214 is provided on the first wall 201
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided on the second wall 202 .
  • the emissions discharged from the interior of the thermally runaway battery cells 20 such as discharged metal shavings, will not be electrically connected to the bus components connected to the electrode terminals 214 , thereby avoiding short circuits in some battery cells 20 and improving the efficiency of the battery cells 20 .
  • the second wall 202 is usually far away from the user, and disposing the pressure relief mechanism 213 on the second wall 202 can reduce harm to the user.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode terminal 214 is provided on the first wall 201 of the battery cell 20
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided on the third wall 203 of the battery cell 20 .
  • the first wall 201 is connected to the third wall 203
  • the third wall 203 is parallel to the first direction
  • the first wall 201 is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first direction is parallel to gravity. direction.
  • the first direction may be the z direction in FIG. 5
  • the third wall 203 is parallel to the z direction
  • the first wall 201 is perpendicular to the z direction.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is disposed on the third wall 203 to facilitate the production of the battery cells 20 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 are provided on the third wall 203 of the battery cell 20 , and the third wall 203 is parallel to the first direction, where, When the insulating liquid 500 is disposed in the accommodation space, the first direction is parallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the first direction may be the z direction in FIG. 6
  • the third wall 203 is parallel to the z direction.
  • the first wall 201 of the battery cell 20 faces the first box portion 111 and the first wall 201 is not provided with the electrode terminal 213.
  • the electrode terminals 214 there is no need to reserve space for the electrode terminals 214 between the first wall 201 and the first box part 111 , which is beneficial to improving the space utilization in the battery 10 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided at an end of the third wall 203 away from the first box portion 111 .
  • the battery 10 further includes: a battery management mechanism 60 .
  • the battery management mechanism 60 is disposed on a surface of the first box portion 111 away from the battery cells 20 and is electrically connected to the battery 10 .
  • the battery management mechanism 60 can be a battery management system, including a control module, a display module, a wireless communication module, an electrical device, an information collection module, etc., and can be used to monitor and manage the state of charge, power boundary, and health status of the battery 10 , fault status, etc.
  • the battery management mechanism 60 usually needs to be sealed and installed on the battery 10 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first box part 111 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first box part 111 has a flat structure.
  • the first box part 111 may include a first surface 1111 and a second surface 1112 that are oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the first box part 111 .
  • the second surface 1112 is farther away from the battery cell 20 relative to the first surface 1111 .
  • the battery management mechanism 60 is disposed on the second surface 1112 and is electrically connected to the battery 10 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first box part 111 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first box part 111 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with an opening on one side.
  • the first box part 111 includes a top wall 113 and a side wall 114.
  • One end of the side wall 114 is connected to the top wall 113, and the other end is formed Open your mouth.
  • the battery management mechanism 60 can be disposed on the surface of the top wall 113 or the side wall 114 away from the battery cells 20 .
  • the traditional sealing of the battery management mechanism 60 cannot meet the requirements of liquid sealing.
  • the distance between the insulating liquid 500 and the battery management mechanism 60 can be increased to prevent The insulating liquid 500 affects the performance of the battery management mechanism 60 and reduces the reliability of the battery management mechanism 60; at the same time, it can also prevent damage to the battery management mechanism 60 caused by the splashing of the insulating liquid 500 when the discharge from the battery cell 20 is discharged. The impact of sealing.
  • the battery management mechanism 60 can also be disposed on the side wall of the second box part 112, and an insulating pad is disposed between the battery management mechanism 60 and the side wall of the second box part 112 to isolate the second box.
  • the side wall of the portion 112 and the battery management mechanism 60 can also be disposed on the side wall of the second box part 112, and an insulating pad is disposed between the battery management mechanism 60 and the side wall of the second box part 112 to isolate the second box.
  • the first box part 111 includes a top wall 113 and a side wall 114, and the battery management mechanism 60 is disposed on the side wall 114. Disposing the battery management mechanism 60 on the side wall 114 of the first box part 111 can save space on the top of the first box part 111 , thereby improving space utilization.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is close to the inside of the battery cell 20 relative to the surface of the second wall 202 that is away from the battery cell 20 .
  • the second wall 202 may include an inner surface 2021 and an outer surface 2022.
  • the inner surface 2021 is closer to the battery cell 20 relative to the outer surface 2022. That is to say, the inner surface 2021 may be in contact with the electrolyte inside the battery cell 20.
  • the outer surface 2022 It can come into contact with the insulating liquid 500 inside the battery 10 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is close to the inside of the battery cell 20 relative to the surface of the second wall 202 away from the battery cell 20 . That is to say, the pressure relief mechanism 213 is close to the interior of the battery cell 20 relative to the outer surface 2022 of the second wall 202 . The interior, that is, the pressure relief mechanism protrudes toward the first box portion 111 along the z direction. In this way, the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 20 can be easily discharged.
  • the battery 10 further includes: a sealing gasket 50, and the sealing gasket 50 is configured to It is placed between the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 to seal the connection between the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 .
  • the sealing gasket 50 may be an annular structure and is sleeved between the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 to achieve sealing between the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 .
  • the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 may also be sealed by sealant.
  • Sealing the first box part 111 and the second box part 112 can prevent dust, water and other impurities outside the battery 10 from affecting the components inside the battery 10 .
  • an insulating member is provided between the battery cell 20 and the second box portion 112 .
  • the insulator may be located between the second box part 112 and the battery cell 20.
  • the insulator is bonded to the second box part 112, and the battery cell 20 is placed on the insulator.
  • the arrangement of the insulator further ensures that the second The insulation between the box part 112 and the battery cell 20 is beneficial to improving the overall reliability of the battery 10; at the same time, this arrangement can also ensure that the insulating liquid 500 exists between the battery cell 20 and the insulating member.
  • the second wall 202 of the battery cell 20 is placed on the insulator, that is, the second wall 202 is in contact with the insulator.
  • the second wall 202 may be the wall with the largest surface area of the battery cell 20 .
  • multiple battery cells 20 can form a battery module, and the battery module can be fixed to the second box portion 112 through structures such as side plates, end plates, or connecting strips.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device may include the battery in the previous embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.

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Abstract

提供了一种电池和用电设备。电池包括：第一箱体部，第二箱体部，电池单体和绝缘液。第一箱体部与第二箱体部相互盖合形成容纳空间，电池单体容纳于容纳空间，电池单体上设置有电极端子和泄压机构，电极端子相对于泄压机构靠近第一箱体部，泄压机构用于电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。绝缘液设置于容纳空间内且浸没泄压机构，其中，绝缘液设置于容纳空间内时，第一箱体部位于第二箱体部上方。本申请的技术方案能够提升电池的安全性能。

Description

电池和用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年3月25日提交的名称为“电池和用电设备”的中国专利申请202220678825.9的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种电池和用电设备。
背景技术
随着环境污染的日益加剧，新能源产业越来越受到人们的关注。在新能源产业中，电池技术是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池的使用过程中，会产生大量的热量，影响电池的安全性能。因此，如何提高电池的安全性能是一项亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电池和用电设备，可以提高电池的安全性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：第一箱体部；第二箱体部，所述第一箱体部与所述第二箱体部相互盖合形成容纳空间；电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述容纳空间，所述电池单体上设置有电极端子和泄压机构，所述电极端子相对于所述泄压机构靠近所述第一箱体部，所述泄压机构用于所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力或温度；绝缘液，所述绝缘液设置于所述容纳空间内且浸没所述泄压机构，其中，所述绝缘液设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一箱体部位于所述第二箱体部上方。
在本申请实施例中，电池包括第一箱体部和第二箱体部，电池单体和绝缘液容纳于第一箱体部和第二箱体部形成的容纳空间中，电极端子相对于泄压机构靠近 第一箱体部，绝缘液浸没泄压机构，并且绝缘液设置于容纳空间时，第一箱体部位于第二箱体部的上方。这样，在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压机构致动以泄放内部压力或温度。此时，绝缘液可以通过泄压机构进入电池单体，切断电池单体内的可燃物与空气的接触，防止或减轻电池单体的内部起火，同时绝缘液还可以降低电池单体的温度；另一方面，绝缘液可以与电池单体排放出的排放物换热，降低排放物的温度，防止热失控蔓延到相邻的电池单体乃至整个电池。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘液设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述绝缘液在所述容纳空间内沿重力方向的高度小于所述第二箱体部沿所述重力方向的高度。这样，在绝缘液设置于容纳空间时，绝缘液的高度不会超过第二箱体部的高度，可以防止绝缘液从第一箱体部和第二箱体部之间的连接处泄露。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电极端子设置于所述电池单体的第一壁上，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第二壁上，所述第一壁和所述第二壁沿第一方向间隔且相对设置，其中，所述绝缘液设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一方向平行于重力方向。这样，一方面，从热失控的电池单体内部排出的排放物，例如，排出的金属屑不会与连接电极端子的汇流部件发生电连接，从而可以避免引起部分电池单体发生短路，提升电池的安全性能；另一方面，在电池的使用过程中，第二壁通常会远离用户，将泄压机构设置在第二壁上，能够降低对用户的危害。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电极端子设置于所述电池单体的第一壁上，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第三壁上，所述第一壁与所述第三壁相连，所述第三壁平行于第一方向，所述第一壁垂直于所述第一方向，其中，所述绝缘液设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一方向平行于重力方向。上述设置有利于电池单体的生产。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述泄压机构和所述电极端子设置于所述电池单体的第三壁，所述第三壁平行于第一方向，其中，所述绝缘液设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一方向平行于重力方向。这样，在第一壁与第一箱体部之间不需要再为电极端子预留空间，有利于提升电池内的空间利用率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述泄压机构设置于所述第三壁的远离所述第一箱体部的一端。这样，在第三壁上，泄压机构相对于电极端子远离第一箱体部，有 利于减小绝缘液在第二箱体部中的高度，防止绝缘液从第二箱体部与第一箱体部之间的连接处泄露或飞溅。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池还包括：电池管理机构，所述电池管理机构设置于所述第一箱体部的远离所述电池单体的表面且与所述电池电连接。电池管理机构的传统密封难以满足液封的需求，通过将电池管理机构设置于第一箱体部远离电池单体的表面，可以增加绝缘液与电池管理机构的距离，防止绝缘液影响电池管理机构的性能，降低电池管理机构的可靠度；同时，也可以防止电池单体内部的排出物排出时引起的绝缘液的飞溅而导致的对电池管理机构的密封性的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一箱体部包括顶壁和侧壁，所述电池管理机构设置于所述侧壁上。将电池管理机构设置于第一箱体部的侧壁，可以节省第一箱体部的顶部的空间，可以提高空间的利用率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述泄压机构相对于所述第二壁的远离所述电池单体的表面靠近所述电池单体的内部。这样，便于电池单体内部的压力和温度的泄出。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池还包括：密封垫，所述密封垫设置于所述第一箱体部和所述第二箱体部之间，以密封所述第一箱体部和所述第二箱体部的连接处。这样，可以防止电池外部的粉尘、水等杂质对电池内部的组件的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池单体与所述第二箱体部之间设置有绝缘件。这样，可以进一步保证电池单体与第二箱体部之间的绝缘，有利于提高电池的可靠性；同时当绝缘件与电池单体的第二壁之间有间隙时，也有利于实现绝缘液在绝缘件与电池单体的第二壁之间的存储。
第二方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的电池，所述电池用于向所述用电设备供电。
在本申请实施例中，电池包括第一箱体部和第二箱体部，电池单体和绝缘液容纳于第一箱体部和第二箱体部形成的容纳空间中，电极端子相对于泄压机构靠近第一箱体部，绝缘液浸没泄压机构，并且绝缘液设置于容纳空间时，第一箱体部位于第二箱体部的上方。这样，在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压机构致动以泄放内部压力或温度。此时，绝缘液可以通过泄压机构进入电池单体，切断电池单 体内的可燃物与空气的接触，防止或减轻电池单体的内部起火，同时绝缘液还可以降低电池单体的温度；另一方面，绝缘液可以与电池单体排放出的排放物换热，降低排放物的温度，防止热失控蔓延到相邻的电池单体乃至整个电池。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案可以提高电池的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例的车辆的示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例的一电池单体的示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例的第一箱体部的示意图；
图8是本申请一实施例的第一箱体部的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含；“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描 述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(PP)或聚乙烯(PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
为了满足不同的电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。电池再进一步设置于用电设备中，为用电设备提供电能。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率、安全性等。其中，电池的安全性能至关重要。在电池的使用过程中，会产生大量的热量，当热量不能及时散发出去时，这些热量不断累积，叠加，会发生热失控，出现冒烟、起火、***等安全事故。因此，提升电池的安全性能至关重要。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，该电池包括第一箱体部和第二箱体部，电池单体和绝缘液容纳于第一箱体部和第二箱体部形成的容纳空间中，电极端子相对于泄压机构靠近第一箱体部，绝缘液浸没泄压机构，并且绝缘液设置于容纳空间时，第一箱体部位于第二箱体部的上方。这样，在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压机构致动以泄放内部压力或温度。此时，绝缘液可以通过泄压机构进入电池单体，切断电池单体内的可燃物与空气的接触，防止或减轻电池单体的内部起火，同时绝缘液还可以降低电池单体的温度；另一方面，绝缘液可以与电池单体排放出的 排放物换热，降低排放物的温度，防止热失控蔓延到相邻的电池单体乃至整个电池。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案可以提升电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路***，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体。例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体11，箱体11内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体11内。例如，多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于箱体11内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体20分组设 置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。电池可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
如图3所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211和盖板212。壳体211和盖板212形成外壳或电池盒21。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁，其中对于长方体型电池单体20，壳体211的壁包括底壁和四个侧壁。壳体211根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。盖板212覆盖开口并且与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体20还可以包括两个电极端子214，两个电极端子214可以设置在盖板212上。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为正电极端子214a和负电极端子214b。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，或者也可以称为集流构件23，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图3所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221a为正极极耳时，第二极耳222a为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子连接。例如，正电极端子214a通过一个连接构件23与正极极耳连接，负电极端子214b通过另一个连接构件23与负极极耳连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
图4位本申请一实施例的电池的结构示意图。如图4所示，电池10包括第一箱体部111，第二箱体部112，电池单体20和绝缘液500。第一箱体部111与所述第 二箱体部112相互盖合形成容纳空间。电池单体20容纳于容纳空间，电池单体20上设置有电极端子214和泄压机构213，电极端子214相对于泄压机构213靠近第一箱体部111，泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力或温度。绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内且浸没泄压机构213，其中，绝缘液500设置于所述容纳空间内时，第一箱体部111位于所述第二箱体部112上方。
第一箱体部111可以为平板状，也可以为一面具有开口的长方体形或圆柱形。
第二箱体部112可以为一面具有开口的长方体形或圆柱形，第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112相互盖合可以形成容纳空间。
电池单体20上设置有电极端子214和泄压机构213。电极端子214可以包括正极电极端子214和负极电极端子214，汇流部件，例如巴片，可以通过连接电极端子214实现不同电池单体20之间电连接。
泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力或温度。泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压结构，例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
泄压机构213“致动”是指泄压机构213产生动作，从而使得电池单体20的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构213产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构213中的至少一部分破裂、被撕裂或者熔化，等等。泄压机构213在致动后，电池单体20内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从泄压机构213向外排出。
来自电池单体20的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或***的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
绝缘液500设置于容纳空间并浸没泄压机构213，当绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内时，第一箱体部111位于第二箱体部112的上方。如图4所示，绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内并浸没泄压机构213，沿z方向，第一箱体部111位于第二箱体部112的上方。这样，当电池单体20内的温度或压力达到阈值时，泄压机构213致动发生破裂。一方面，绝缘液500可以通过泄压机构213进入电池单体20，切断电池单体20内部的可燃物与空气的接触路径，避免或减轻电池单体20的内部起火，同时绝缘液500还可以降低电池单体20的温度；另一方面，绝缘液500可以和电池单体20的排放物实现换 热，降低电池单体20内部排放出的排放物的温度，防止热失控蔓延到相邻的电池单体20乃至整个电池10。
在本申请实施例中，电池10包括第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112，电池单体20和绝缘液500容纳于第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112形成的容纳空间中，电极端子214相对于泄压机构213靠近第一箱体部111，绝缘液500浸没泄压机构213，并且绝缘液500设置于容纳空间时，第一箱体部111位于第二箱体部112的上方。这样，在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压机构213致动以泄放内部压力或温度。此时，绝缘液500可以通过泄压机构213进入电池单体20，切断电池单体20内的可燃物与空气的接触，防止或减轻电池单体20的内部起火，同时绝缘液500还可以降低电池单体20的温度；另一方面，绝缘液500可以与电池单体20排放出的排放物换热，降低排放物的温度，防止热失控蔓延到相邻的电池单体20乃至整个电池10。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案可以提升电池的安全性能。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内时，绝缘液500在容纳空间内沿重力方向的高度小于所述第二箱体部112沿重力方向的高度。
绝缘液500设置于容纳空间时，重力方向可以为z方向。这样，在绝缘液500设置于容纳空间时，绝缘液500的沿z方向高度小于第二箱体部112沿z方向的高度，可以防止绝缘液500从第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112之间的连接处泄露。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，电极端子214设置于电池单体20的第一壁上201，泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的第二壁202上，第一壁201和第二壁202沿第一方向间隔且相对设置，其中，绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内时，第一方向平行于重力方向。
绝缘液500设置于容纳空间时，第一方向可以为图4中的z方向，沿z方向，第一壁201与第二壁202间隔且相对设置，并且第一壁201相对于第二壁201靠近第一箱体部111。
电极端子214设置于第一壁201，泄压机构213设置于第二壁202。一方面，从热失控的电池单体20内部排出的排放物，例如，排出的金属屑不会与连接电极端子214的汇流部件发生电连接，从而可以避免引起部分电池单体20发生短路，提升电池10的安全性能。另一方面，在电池10的使用过程中，第二壁202通常会远离用户，将泄压机构213设置在第二壁202上，能够降低对用户的危害。
图5为本申请一实施例提供的电池的结构示意图。可选地，在本申请一实施例中，如图5所示，电极端子214设置于电池单体20的第一壁201上，泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的第三壁203上，第一壁201与第三壁203相连，第三壁203平行于第一方向，第一壁201垂直于第一方向，其中，绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内时，第一方向平行于重力方向。
绝缘液500设置于容纳空间时，第一方向可以为图5中的z方向，第三壁203平行于z方向，第一壁201垂直于z方向。泄压机构213设置于第三壁203有利于电池单体20的生产。
图6为本申请一实施例的电池的结构示意图。可选地，在本申请一实施例中，如图6所示，泄压机构213和电极端子214设置于电池单体20的第三壁203，第三壁203平行于第一方向，其中，绝缘液500设置于容纳空间内时，第一方向平行于重力方向。
绝缘液500设置于容纳空间时，第一方向可以为图6中的z方向，第三壁203平行于z方向。当泄压机构213和电极端子214均设置于第三壁203时，电池单体20的第一壁201朝向第一箱体部111且第一壁201不设置有电极端子213，这样，在第一壁201与第一箱体部111之间不需要再为电极端子214预留空间，有利于提升电池10内的空间利用率。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，结合图5和图6所示，泄压机构213设置于第三壁203的远离第一箱体部111的一端。这样，有利于减小绝缘液500在第二箱体部112中的高度，防止泄压机构213破裂时，绝缘液500从第二箱体部112与第一箱体部111之间的连接处泄露或飞溅。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，电池10还包括：电池管理机构60，电池管理机构60设置于第一箱体部111的远离电池单体20的表面且与电池10电连接。
电池管理机构60可以为电池管理***，包括控制模组、显示模组、无线通信模组、电气设备、信息采集模组等，可以用于监测管理电池10的荷电状态，功率边界，健康状态，故障状态等。电池管理机构60通常需要密封后设置在电池10上。
图7为本申请一实施例中的第一箱体部111的结构示意图。如图7所示，第一箱体部111为平板形结构，第一箱体部111可以包括沿第一箱体部111的厚度方向相对设置的第一表面1111和第二表面1112，在第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112盖合时， 第二表面1112相对于第一表面1111远离电池单体20。此时，电池管理机构60设置于第二表面1112且与电池10电连接。
图8为本申请一实施例中的第一箱体部111的结构示意图。如图8所示，第一箱体部111为一面具有开口的长方体结构，第一箱体部111包括顶壁113和侧壁114，侧壁114的一端与顶壁113连接，另一端处形成开口。第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112盖合后，电池管理机构60可以设置于顶壁113或侧壁114的远离电池单体20的表面。
电池管理机构60的传统密封难以满足液封的需求，通过将电池管理机构60设置于第一箱体部111远离电池单体20的表面，可以增加绝缘液500与电池管理机构60的距离，防止绝缘液500影响电池管理机构60的性能，降低电池管理机构60的可靠度；同时，也可以防止电池单体20内部的排出物排出时引起的绝缘液500的飞溅而导致的对电池管理机构60的密封性的影响。
可选地，电池管理机构60也可以设置在第二箱体部112的侧壁上，电池管理机构60与第二箱体部112的侧壁之间设置有绝缘垫，以隔离第二箱体部112的侧壁与电池管理机构60。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，结合图8所示，第一箱体部111包括顶壁113和侧壁114，电池管理机构60设置于侧壁114上。将电池管理机构60设置于第一箱体部111的侧壁114，可以节省第一箱体部111的顶部的空间，从而提高空间的利用率。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，泄压机构213相对于第二壁202的远离电池单体20的表面靠近电池单体20的内部。
第二壁202可以包括内表面2021和外表面2022，内表面2021相对于外表面2022靠近电池单体20，也就是说，内表面2021可以与电池单体20内部的电解液接触，外表面2022可以与电池10内部的绝缘液500接触。
泄压机构213相对于第二壁202的远离电池单体20的表面靠近电池单体20的内部，也就是说，泄压机构213相对于第二壁202的外表面2022靠近电池单体20的内部，也即，泄压机构沿z方向，朝向第一箱体部111凸出。这样，便于电池单体20的内部压力和温度的排出。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，电池10还包括：密封垫50，密封垫50设 置于第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112之间，以密封第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112的连接处。
密封垫50可以为环形结构，套设于第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112之间，以实现第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112之间的密封。在其它实施例中，第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112之间还可以通过密封胶密封。
将第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112密封，可以防止电池10外部的粉尘、水等杂质对电池10内部的组件造成影响。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，电池单体20与第二箱体部112之间设置有绝缘件。
绝缘件可以位于第二箱体部112和电池单体20之间，绝缘件与第二箱体部112粘接，电池单体20放置在绝缘件上，通过绝缘件的设置进一步保证了第二箱体部112与电池单体20之间的绝缘，有利于提高电池10整体的可靠性；同时，该设置还可以保证电池单体20与绝缘件之间存有绝缘液500。
可选地，电池单体20的第二壁202放置在绝缘件上，即，第二壁202与绝缘件接触，第二壁202可以电池单体20的表面积最大的壁。
可选地，多个电池单体20可以组成电池模组，电池模组可以通过侧板或端板或连接条等结构实现与第二箱体部112之间的固定。
应理解，本申请各实施例中相关的部分可以相互参考，为了简洁不再赘述。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电设备，该用电设备可以包括前述实施例中的电池，该电池用于提供电能。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    第一箱体部(111)；
    第二箱体部(112)，所述第一箱体部(111)与所述第二箱体部(112)相互盖合形成容纳空间；
    电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)容纳于所述容纳空间，所述电池单体(20)上设置有电极端子(214)和泄压机构(213)，所述电极端子(214)相对于所述泄压机构(213)靠近所述第一箱体部(111)，所述泄压机构(213)用于所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力或温度；
    绝缘液(500)，所述绝缘液(500)设置于所述容纳空间内且浸没所述泄压机构(213)，其中，所述绝缘液(500)设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一箱体部(111)位于所述第二箱体部(112)上方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘液(500)设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述绝缘液(500)在所述容纳空间内沿重力方向的高度小于所述第二箱体部(112)沿所述重力方向的高度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电极端子(214)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(201)上，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第二壁(202)上，所述第一壁(201)和所述第二壁(202)沿第一方向间隔且相对设置，其中，所述绝缘液(500)设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一方向平行于重力方向。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电极端子(214)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(201)上，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第三壁(203)上，所述第一壁(201)与所述第三壁(203)相连，所述第三壁(203)平行于第一方向，所述第一壁(201)垂直于所述第一方向，其中，所述绝缘液(500)设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一方向平行于重力方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述泄压机构(213)和所述电极端子(214)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第三壁(203)，所述第三壁(203)平行于第一方向，其中，所述绝缘液(500)设置于所述容纳空间内时，所述第一方向平行 于重力方向。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述第三壁(203)的远离所述第一箱体部(111)的一端。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池(10)还包括：
    电池管理机构(60)，所述电池管理机构(60)设置于所述第一箱体部(111)的远离所述电池单体(20)的表面且与所述电池(10)电连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一箱体部(111)包括顶壁和侧壁，所述电池管理机构(60)设置于所述侧壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述泄压机构(213)相对于所述第二壁(202)的远离所述电池单体(20)的表面靠近所述电池单体(20)的内部。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    密封垫(50)，所述密封垫(50)设置于所述第一箱体部(111)和所述第二箱体部(112)之间，以密封所述第一箱体部(111)和所述第二箱体部(112)的连接处。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池单体与所述第二箱体部(112)之间设置有绝缘件。
  12. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于向所述用电设备供电。
PCT/CN2023/073634 2022-03-25 2023-01-29 电池和用电设备 WO2023179192A1 (zh)

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