WO2023178887A1 - 一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2023178887A1
WO2023178887A1 PCT/CN2022/105344 CN2022105344W WO2023178887A1 WO 2023178887 A1 WO2023178887 A1 WO 2023178887A1 CN 2022105344 W CN2022105344 W CN 2022105344W WO 2023178887 A1 WO2023178887 A1 WO 2023178887A1
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voltage
power
output
axis
control
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PCT/CN2022/105344
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English (en)
French (fr)
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肖飞
马凡
胡祺
王瑞田
付立军
范学鑫
肖润龙
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中国人民解放军海军工程大学
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Publication of WO2023178887A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023178887A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of off-grid wind and solar complementary hydrogen production power systems, and specifically relates to a large-capacity off-grid wind and solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid and a control method.
  • Hydrogen energy is a clean, carbon-free, flexible and efficient secondary energy source with rich application scenarios. It has the characteristics of high energy density, large capacity, long life, easy storage and transmission, etc. It can be used as a large-scale comprehensive green development and storage of wind power and photovoltaic power. The best option to use.
  • the use of wind and solar complementary hydrogen production can solve the problems of wind and photovoltaic energy storage and maximum utilization, and is an important way for my country to achieve the goal of "carbon peak carbon neutrality".
  • Electrolyzers in traditional grid-connected hydrogen production systems generally operate under stable power conditions and constant hydrogen production rates.
  • the off-grid wind and solar hybrid hydrogen production power system can achieve the perfect combination of green power generation and electricity consumption without affecting the security of the large power grid system. It can achieve zero carbon emissions while improving the utilization rate of wind and solar power generation.
  • microgrid systems with large-capacity wind and solar power generation generally adopt higher transmission voltage levels to reduce losses.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid and a control method in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, and propose a "load follows the source" system networking control method, which is suitable for New energy installed capacity can achieve maximum complementary hydrogen production from new energy sources in off-grid wind and solar complementary hydrogen production scenarios ranging from several MW to hundreds of MW.
  • the present invention is a large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid, which includes m medium voltage AC subnets, medium voltage DC distribution boards, k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies, and r DC/AC inverter power supplies. and low-voltage AC network power supply; each medium-voltage AC subnetwork is connected to the medium-voltage DC distribution board through the corresponding transformer rectifier device, and the input terminals of the k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies pass through the corresponding medium-voltage DC circuit breaker.
  • each DC/DC hydrogen production power supply is connected to an electrolyzer, and the input ends of r DC/AC inverter power supplies pass through the corresponding medium voltage DC circuit breaker B k Connected to the medium-voltage DC distribution board, the output end of each DC/AC inverter power supply supplies power to the low-voltage AC network;
  • Each medium-voltage AC subnetwork includes new energy stations, energy storage devices and medium-voltage AC distribution boards. New energy stations and energy storage devices are connected to the medium-voltage AC distribution board through AC circuit breakers Sk ; medium-voltage AC An AC circuit breaker Sk is connected between the distribution board and the transformer rectifier device, and a medium-voltage DC circuit breaker B k is connected between the transformer rectifier device and the medium-voltage DC distribution board; the low-voltage AC network includes a low-voltage AC distribution board and several electrical loads. The output end of each DC/AC inverter power supply is connected to the low-voltage AC distribution board through the AC circuit breaker Sk , and the low-voltage AC distribution board is connected to the backup power supply through the AC circuit breaker Sk .
  • the new energy station is a photovoltaic power station or a wind power station composed of several wind turbines.
  • the solar photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power station is connected to the medium voltage AC distribution board after being boosted by a DC/AC inverter and transformer.
  • the wind power The direct output voltage of the stator of the doubly-fed wind turbine in the unit is boosted by a transformer and then connected to the medium voltage AC distribution board or the permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine in the wind turbine unit is connected via a back-to-back full power converter. to the medium voltage AC distribution board.
  • the transformer and rectifier device includes a rectifier transformer and a rectifier.
  • the rectifier transformer uses two 12-pulse rectifier transformers with primary sides shifted by +7.5° and -7.5° respectively.
  • the rectifier uses four groups of full-wave uncontrolled Rectifier for bridge rectifier.
  • the energy storage device is composed of a bidirectional energy storage converter, a battery system and a transformer.
  • the bidirectional energy storage converter adopts a three-phase two-level voltage source type SVPWM converter structure with AC side inductance and capacitance.
  • the DC side of the energy storage converter is connected to the battery system.
  • IGBT devices S D1 -S D6 Through the on-off control of IGBT devices S D1 -S D6 , the electric energy conversion between DC and AC is realized. After being boosted by the transformer, it is connected to the central power supply through the AC circuit breaker. Pressure AC distribution board.
  • the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply includes a single-phase diode clamped three-level inverter, a transformer and a single-phase bridge rectifier;
  • the DC/AC inverter power supply includes a DC/AC inverter and a transformer.
  • the DC/AC inverter consists of three single-phase diode clamped three-level inverters and three single-phase transformers.
  • a control method for the above-mentioned large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid is also provided, and the control method is:
  • the hydrogen production system adjusts the output of the photovoltaic power station or wind turbine to the system according to the dispatching instructions
  • the bidirectional energy storage converter in the energy storage device adopts voltage rising constant frequency control to keep the system frequency of the medium voltage AC subnet unchanged and the active power output of the energy storage device to be 0;
  • Transformer rectifier device converts AC into DC
  • the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply compares the DC input terminal capacitor voltage with a constant voltage reference value. After PI control, the DC input terminal capacitor voltage is maintained stable. Under constant output current control, the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply The hydrogen power supply adjusts the output current according to the change in capacitance voltage at the DC input end. By adjusting the output DC current, the system load is automatically adjusted as the output of the new energy source changes.
  • the DC/AC inverter in the photovoltaic power station, the rotor-side converter of the doubly-fed wind turbine of the wind turbine generator, or the machine-side converter of the permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine adopts the constant power control mode.
  • PI control of active and reactive power in the constant power control of DC/AC inverter in photovoltaic power station, P s and Q s are the active output and reactive power of the photovoltaic power station respectively, and P sref and Q sref are given Scheduling instructions for the active power and reactive power of the photovoltaic power station; calculate the maximum power output capability P smax of the current photovoltaic power station through maximum power point tracking control.
  • P sref As the maximum limit of P sref , set P sref to be less than P smax .
  • the reactive power command Q sref is set to 0 to keep the reactive power output of the photovoltaic power station at 0; the differences between P s and P sref and Q s and Q sref are respectively passed through the PI controller as the DC/AC inverter in the photovoltaic power station.
  • the d-axis current reference command i sdref and q-axis current reference command i sqref of the inverter, i sd and i sq are respectively the component of the active output current of the DC/AC inverter on the dq axis and the component of the reactive output current on the dq axis.
  • i sd and i sq are the components of the output current of the DC/AC inverter on the d-axis and q-axis respectively.
  • the differences between i sd and i sdref , i sq and i sqref are added separately after passing through the PI controller.
  • the output voltages u sdref and u sqref are the dq-axis modulated voltage signals of the DC/AC inverter;
  • P w and Q w are the active power output and reactive power output of the wind turbine respectively, and P wref and Q wref are given Active power dispatching instructions and reactive power dispatching instructions; the maximum power output capability P wmax of the current wind turbine is calculated by maximum power point tracking control.
  • the output results i wdref and i wqref of the differences between P w and P wref , Q w and Q wref respectively after passing through the PI controller are respectively the rotor side converter current
  • the d-axis current reference command and q-axis current reference command of the rotor side converter are i wd and i wq respectively.
  • P g and Q g are the active power output and inactive power of the wind turbine respectively.
  • Active power output, P gref and Q gref are the given active power scheduling instructions and reactive power scheduling instructions respectively;
  • the maximum power output capability P gmax of the current wind turbine is calculated by maximum power point tracking control as the maximum limit of P gref , set P gref less than P gmax , set the reactive power command Q gref to 0, so that the reactive power output of the wind turbine remains at 0; the differences between Q g and Q gref , P g and P gref are passed through the PI controller respectively.
  • the output results i gdref and i gqref are the d-axis current reference command and q-axis current reference command of the machine-side converter respectively.
  • the components of the output current of the machine-side converter in the d-axis and q-axis are i gd and i respectively.
  • the converter in the energy storage device adopts dq-axis double closed-loop control
  • the outer loop of the double-closed loop control adopts voltage PI control.
  • the voltage rise refers to the voltage outside the d-axis.
  • the PI control of active power is introduced into the loop.
  • the PI control of active power compares the active power output P of the energy storage system with P ref .
  • the difference result u pf after passing through the PI controller is used as the feedback of the voltage outer loop.
  • the voltage outer loop The ring compares u pd with u pdref and u pq with u pqref respectively on the dq axis.
  • the medium voltage AC subgrid voltage changes with the system power flow, and P ref Set to 0 to keep the active power output of the energy storage system at 0; in the inner loop current PI control, the difference between i pdref and i pd on the d-axis current inner loop is connected with the cross coupling term ⁇ L 1 after passing through the PI controller i pq is added to obtain the d-axis modulation voltage command value u d . After passing through the PI controller, the difference between i pqref and i pq on the q-axis current inner loop is subtracted from the cross-coupling term ⁇ L 1 i pd to obtain the q-axis modulation voltage.
  • command value u q ; u q and u d are then transformed by dq to obtain the modulated wave signals u a , u b and u c controlled by SVPWM;
  • constant frequency means that the output voltage frequency f of the converter in the energy storage device is directly set to a constant value , the synchronous rotation angle only changes with time t;
  • P ref and P are the active power reference command and actual active power output of the energy storage device respectively;
  • L 1 and C 1 are the AC side inductance and capacitance;
  • u pd and u pq are the output side of the converter in the energy storage device respectively.
  • the dq-axis components of the three-phase voltage u pa , u pb , u pc obtained by dq transformation, u pdref and u pqref are the d-axis and q-axis voltage reference commands respectively, which are set to constant values; i pd and i pq are storage respectively.
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity.
  • the inverter in the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply adopts double closed-loop control
  • the outer loop of the double closed-loop control adopts voltage PI control. Stabilize the capacitor voltage at the DC input terminal.
  • the voltage outer loop compares the capacitor voltage value U 1 at the DC input terminal with the constant voltage reference value U ref . The difference is outputted through the PI controller to the DC current command value I 1ref .
  • Double closed-loop control uses current PI control to stabilize the output current of the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply.
  • the current inner loop collects the output DC current I 1 of the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply and compares it with I 1ref . The difference is used as the SVPWM after passing through the PI controller. control signal.
  • the present invention adopts "different types of new energy stations to independently form medium-voltage AC subnets under the support of their respective energy storage devices, and multiple medium-voltage AC subnets are connected to a unified medium-voltage AC subnet through a transformer rectifier device.
  • "DC main grid” topology and “load follows source” system network control method energy storage devices adopt voltage rise constant frequency control, photovoltaic power stations and wind power stations adopt constant power control, and DC/DC hydrogen production power sources adopt Constant input DC voltage + constant output current control.
  • This topology and its control method are suitable for off-grid wind and solar complementary hydrogen production scenarios with new energy installed capacity ranging from several MW to hundreds of MW. It can not only achieve maximum complementary hydrogen production from new energy sources, but also have high power supply reliability and scalability. With the advantages of strong power and simple control, it can maximize the utilization of new energy power generation.
  • the specific beneficial effects are as follows:
  • Photovoltaic power stations and wind power stations form a number of independent medium-voltage AC subnets with the support of their respective energy storage devices.
  • the medium-voltage AC subnets are connected to the unified medium-voltage DC main grid through multi-phase transformer rectifier devices.
  • this network structure can enhance the future scalability of the system.
  • the DC networking method of the multi-phase transformer rectifier device improves the power factor and harmonic quality of the AC side system, reduces the reactive power demand of the system, and can greatly Greatly reduce the capacity of the converter connected to the energy storage system.
  • Photovoltaic power stations or wind power stations are independently networked, which avoids voltage fluctuations and oscillations in different frequency bands caused by different forms of heterogeneous power sources on the same power grid due to the randomness of power generation capabilities, and improves the controllability, inertia and oscillation of the system.
  • the stability margin can also ensure the normal operation of other system parts when a single medium-voltage AC subnet fails, reducing safety risks and improving system operation reliability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the multi-phase transformer rectifier device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the energy storage device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the DC/AC inverter power supply of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a strategy diagram for the new energy station adopting constant power control according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a strategy diagram for the energy storage system of the present invention to adopt voltage rise and constant frequency control
  • Figure 9 is a strategy diagram for the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply of the present invention to adopt constant input DC voltage + constant output current control.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • plurality means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.
  • this solution includes m medium-voltage AC subnets, medium-voltage DC distribution boards, k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies, r DC/AC inverter power supplies and low-voltage AC network power supply.
  • Each medium-voltage AC subgrid is connected to the medium-voltage DC distribution board through the corresponding transformer rectifier device, and the input ends of the k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies are connected to the medium-voltage through the corresponding medium-voltage DC circuit breaker B k DC distribution board, the output end of each DC/DC hydrogen production power supply is connected to an electrolyzer and supplies power to the electrolyzer, and the input ends of the r DC/AC inverter power supplies are connected through the corresponding medium voltage DC circuit breaker B k Into the medium voltage DC distribution board, the output of each DC/AC inverter power supply supplies power to the low voltage AC network.
  • the new energy station can be a photovoltaic power station or a wind power station composed of several wind turbines.
  • the solar photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power station is connected to the medium voltage AC distribution board after being boosted by a DC/AC inverter and transformer.
  • the stator of the doubly-fed wind turbine directly outputs voltage or the permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine outputs the voltage through the back-to-back full-power converter and is boosted by the transformer before being connected to the medium-voltage AC distribution board.
  • Each medium-voltage AC subnetwork includes new energy stations, energy storage devices and medium-voltage AC distribution boards. New energy stations and energy storage devices are connected to the medium-voltage AC distribution board through AC circuit breakers Sk ; medium-voltage AC An AC circuit breaker Sk is connected between the distribution board and the transformer rectifier device, and a medium voltage DC circuit breaker B k is connected between the transformer rectifier device and the medium voltage DC distribution board.
  • the low-voltage AC network includes a low-voltage AC distribution board and several electrical loads. The output end of each DC/AC inverter power supply is connected to the low-voltage AC distribution board through an AC circuit breaker Sk .
  • the low-voltage AC distribution board passes through an AC circuit breaker S k is connected to the backup power supply to ensure the power demand of the auxiliary production power load.
  • Medium-voltage DC distribution boards and low-voltage AC distribution boards can be divided into several sections of DC busbars or AC busbars to meet different power supply and distribution needs. Several sections of busbars are connected through circuit breakers.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid provided by the preferred embodiment of the present application. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to this embodiment are shown, and the details are as follows:
  • G 1 , G 2 ,...G m are m new energy stations; C 1 , C 2 ,...C m are m sets of energy storage devices; K 1_1 , K 1_2 ,...K 1_2m are m sets of energy storage devices.
  • the new energy station and m sets of energy storage devices are connected to the AC circuit breaker Sk of the 35kV medium-voltage AC distribution board; K 2_1 , K 2_2 ,...K 2_m are m units used for the medium-voltage AC distribution board and transformer rectification
  • the AC circuit breaker S k ; S 1_1 , S 1_2 ,...S 1_m connected to the device is the medium voltage DC circuit breaker B k used to connect m transformer rectifier devices to the 4000V medium voltage DC distribution board; S 2_1 , S 2_2 ,...S 2_k is the medium voltage DC circuit breaker B k used for connecting k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies to the medium voltage DC distribution board; S 3_1 ,S 3_2 ,...S 3_r is used for r sets of DC/AC inverters
  • the transformer power supply is connected to the medium voltage DC circuit breaker B k of the medium voltage DC distribution board; D 1 , D 2 ,...D k are k
  • This embodiment is a large-capacity off-grid wind-solar hybrid hydrogen production DC microgrid, including m new energy stations, m energy storage devices, medium-voltage AC distribution boards, m transformer rectifier devices, medium-voltage DC Distribution board, k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies, k electrolyzers, r DC/AC inverter power supplies, low-voltage AC distribution board, auxiliary production power load, m new energy stations (G 1 , G 2 ,...G m ) can be a photovoltaic power station or a wind power station composed of several wind turbines. The photovoltaic power station and the wind power station are supported by their respective energy storage devices (C 1 , C 2 ,...C m ) through 35kV medium voltage.
  • C 1 , C 2 ,...C m energy storage devices
  • the AC distribution board forms m independent medium-voltage AC subnets.
  • Each new energy station and the corresponding energy storage device are connected to the medium-voltage AC distribution through AC circuit breakers (K 1_1 , K 1_2 ,...K 1_2m ).
  • the m medium-voltage AC subnets are connected to the unified medium-voltage DC distribution board through their respective transformer rectifier devices (T 1 , T 2 ,...T m ).
  • Each medium-voltage AC distribution board is connected to the transformer.
  • a medium voltage DC circuit breaker (S 1_1 , S 1_2 ,...S 1_m ), the medium-voltage DC distribution board passes k medium-voltage DC circuit breakers (S 2_1 ,S 2_2 ,...S 2_k ) and k DC/DC hydrogen production power supplies (D 1 ,D 2 ,...D k ) is connected to supply power to the electrolytic tank (Z 1 , Z 2 ,...Z k ) through r medium-voltage DC circuit breakers (S 3_1 , S 3_2 ,...S 3_r ) and r DC/AC inverter power supplies connected in sequence (I 1 ,I 2 ,...I r ), r AC circuit breakers (K 3_1 ,K 3_2 ,...K 3_r ) are connected to the 390V low-voltage AC distribution board to supply power to the low-voltage AC network, and the low-voltage AC distribution board is disconnected through AC Device K D is connected to the backup power supply to ensure the
  • the solar photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power station is boosted by a DC/AC inverter and transformer and then connected to the medium voltage AC distribution board.
  • the wind turbine set uses a doubly-fed induction generator set or a permanent magnet direct drive synchronous generator set.
  • the generator set The output voltage is boosted through a transformer and connected to the medium voltage AC distribution board.
  • the transformer rectifier device includes a rectifier transformer and a rectifier.
  • the rectifier transformer uses two 12-pulse rectifier transformers, and the rectifier uses four sets of full-wave uncontrolled rectifier bridge rectifiers.
  • the three-phase AC power supplies u a0 , u b0 , and uc0 obtain two sets of six-phase power supplies (u a1 , u b1 , u c1 ), (u a2 ) with equal phase voltage amplitudes and a phase difference of 15° through two phase-shifting transformers.
  • the two groups of three-phase power supplies in each six-phase power supply have a phase difference of 30°, and each group of three phases
  • the power supply obtains a six-pulse DC voltage through a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, in which D 11 ⁇ D 16 , D 21 ⁇ D 26 , D 31 ⁇ D 36 and D 41 ⁇ D 46 are diodes in the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, connected in parallel After output, a twelve-pulse DC voltage is obtained.
  • the upper and lower twelve-pulse uncontrolled rectifiers are connected in series to finally form a twenty-four-pulse DC voltage.
  • the system grounding method adopts the midpoint to be grounded through high resistance R 0.
  • R and L is the equivalent impedance of the rectifier transformer.
  • the energy storage device consists of a bidirectional energy storage converter, a battery system and a transformer, which can realize bidirectional flow of energy between the medium voltage AC distribution board and the energy storage device.
  • the bidirectional energy storage converter adopts a three-phase two-level voltage source type SVPWM converter structure with AC side inductance and capacitance.
  • the DC side of the bidirectional energy storage converter is connected to the battery system.
  • IGBT devices S D1 -S D6 On-off control realizes the electric energy conversion between DC and AC (bidirectional type). After being boosted by the transformer, it is connected to the medium-voltage AC distribution board through the AC circuit breaker.
  • U D and I D are the DC side batteries.
  • the output voltage and current of the system is the DC side support capacitor
  • L 1 and C 1 are the AC side inductance and capacitance
  • u pa , u pb , u pc and i pa , i pb , i pc are the three-phase voltages on the AC side respectively. and current.
  • the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply includes a single-phase diode clamped three-level inverter, a transformer and a single-phase bridge rectifier.
  • CD1 and CD2 are the clamping capacitors on the DC input side of the single-phase diode clamped three-level inverter.
  • D T1 ⁇ D T4 and D B1 ⁇ D B4 are the diodes in the single-phase diode clamped three-level inverter and the single-phase bridge rectifier respectively.
  • U 1 and U 2 are the capacitor voltage value and output of the input end respectively.
  • the DC voltage on the side, I 1 is the DC current on the output side of the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply, and diodes D 1 and D 2 are connected in series at both ends of the DC loop to limit the one-way flow of current and prevent the load from providing short-circuit feed current.
  • the DC/AC inverter power supply includes a DC/AC inverter and a transformer.
  • the DC side of the DC/AC inverter power supply is connected to the medium-voltage DC distribution board.
  • CD3 and CD4 are the clamping capacitors on the DC input side of the DC/AC inverter, and U3 is the capacitor voltage value at the DC input end.
  • the DC/AC inverter consists of three single-phase diode clamped three-level inverters.
  • -S 38 By controlling the IGBT devices S 11 -S 18 , S 21 -S 28 and S 31 of the three single-phase inverters respectively, -S 38 's on-off control inverts DC power into three-phase AC power. After passing through the LC filter, the three single-phase AC voltages are three-phase integrated through three transformers, and then supplied to low-voltage AC distribution through the AC circuit breaker.
  • the electric panel supplies power, of which DS11 to DS14 , DS21 to DS24 and DS31 to DS34 are the diodes in three single-phase inverters respectively, and L s1 , L s2 and L s3 are respectively the diodes in three single-phase inverters.
  • the AC side filter inductor in the inverter, C s1 , C s2 , and C s3 are the AC side filter capacitors in the three single-phase inverters respectively.
  • Production electricity mainly supplies power for the hydrogen production system and daily use in the factory, including compressors, air compressors, circulating water pumps, control systems, factory lighting, etc.
  • the invention provides a control method for a large-capacity off-grid wind-solar complementary hydrogen production DC microgrid:
  • the photovoltaic power stations and wind turbines adopt constant power control
  • the energy storage system adopts voltage rise constant frequency control
  • the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply adopts the operation mode of constant input DC voltage + constant output current control to achieve "load follows the source”.
  • the hydrogen production system adjusts the output of the photovoltaic power station or wind turbine to the system according to the dispatching instructions
  • the bidirectional energy storage converter in the energy storage device adopts voltage rise constant frequency control to keep the system frequency of the medium voltage AC subnet unchanged and the active power output of the energy storage device to 0, and only provides voltage reference and reactive power support for the system. ; Since the system power flow changes when the photovoltaic power station or wind turbine generator adjusts the output according to the dispatching instructions, the voltage adjustment of the energy storage device under the voltage rise constant frequency control is affected by the power transmission droop characteristics, so that the medium voltage AC subgrid voltage is affected by the system power flow. And change;
  • Transformer rectifier device converts AC into DC
  • the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply compares the DC input capacitor voltage with a constant voltage reference value. After PI control, the voltage of the DC input capacitor is maintained stable. Under constant output current control, the DC/DC The hydrogen production power supply adjusts the output current according to changes in the capacitor voltage at the DC input end. By adjusting the output DC current, the system load is automatically adjusted as the output of the new energy source changes. Since voltage changes in the medium-voltage AC subgrid cause voltage fluctuations in the medium-voltage DC main grid, the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply adopts constant input DC voltage control + constant output current control to achieve the "load follows the source" control goal.
  • each photovoltaic power station or wind power station adopts a constant power control mode.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage system is tracked through a phase-locked loop and only the output current is controlled.
  • the DC in the photovoltaic power station /The AC inverter, the rotor-side converter of the doubly-fed induction generator of the wind turbine (or the machine-side converter of the permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine) adopts the PI of active and reactive power in the constant power control mode. control.
  • P s and Q s are the active power output and reactive power output of the photovoltaic power station respectively.
  • P sref and Q sref are the scheduling instructions and the active power of the given photovoltaic power station. Scheduling instructions for reactive power; the maximum power output capability P smax of the current photovoltaic power station is calculated by the maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) as the maximum limit of P sref , that is, P sref is set to be less than P smax to avoid the photovoltaic power station's impact on Frequent fluctuations in system output, the reactive power command Q sref is set to 0, so that the reactive power output of the photovoltaic power station remains at 0; the differences between P s and P sref , Q s and Q sref are passed through the PI controller as the photovoltaic power station.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking control
  • the d-axis current reference command i sdref and q-axis current reference command i sqref of the DC/AC inverter, i sd and i sq are the components of the output current of the DC/AC inverter in the d-axis and q-axis respectively.
  • the differences between i sd and i sdref , i sq and i sqref are respectively passed through the PI controller, and then the d-axis output voltage feedforward term u sd and q-axis output voltage feedforward term u of the DC/AC inverter are added respectively.
  • sq , the output voltage u sdref and u sqref are the d-axis and q-axis modulated voltage signals of the DC/AC inverter.
  • P w and Q w are the active power output and reactive power output of the wind turbine respectively, and P wref and Q wref are respectively Given the active power dispatching instruction and reactive power dispatching instruction;
  • the maximum power output capability P wmax of the current wind turbine is calculated by the maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) as the maximum limit of P wref , that is, setting P wref less than P wmax , to avoid frequent fluctuations in the system output from wind power stations, the reactive power command Q wref is set to 0, so that the reactive power output of the wind turbine remains at 0;
  • the differences between P w and P wref , Q w and Q wref are respectively
  • the output results i wdref and i wqref after passing through the PI controller are the d-axis current reference command and q-axis current reference command of the rotor-side converter respectively.
  • the components of the output current of the rotor-side converter in the dq axis are i wd respectively. and i wq , the differences between i wd and i wdref , i wq and i wqref are passed through the PI controller, the output results are subtracted and added to ⁇ s [-L m U s /( ⁇ e L s )+ ⁇ L r respectively i wd ] and ⁇ s ⁇ L r i wd , the modulated voltage signals u wdref and u wqref on the dq axis of the rotor side converter are obtained, where ⁇ s and ⁇ e are the slip angular velocity and synchronous angular velocity respectively, and L s is the dq axis.
  • L r is the dq-axis rotor self-inductance
  • L m is the mutual inductance of the dq-axis stator and rotor equivalent windings
  • ⁇ is the generator leakage coefficient
  • U s is the stator voltage.
  • P g and Q g are the active power output and reactive power output of the wind turbine respectively
  • P gref and Q grref are the given active power scheduling instructions and reactive power scheduling instructions respectively
  • the maximum power output capability P gmax of the current wind turbine is calculated by maximum power point tracking control.
  • the reactive power command Q gref is set to 0, so that the reactive power output of the wind turbine remains at 0;
  • the differences between Q g and Q gref , P g and P gref are respectively the output results i gdref and i after passing through the PI controller gqref are the d-axis current reference command and q-axis current reference command of the machine-side converter respectively.
  • the components of the output current of the machine-side converter in the d-axis and q-axis are i gd and i gq respectively, i gd and i gdref , the difference between i gq and i gqref is passed through the PI controller, the output results are subtracted and added respectively ( ⁇ g L fq i gq -R f i gd ) and (R f i gq + ⁇ g L fd i gd + ⁇ g ⁇ f ), the d-axis and q-axis modulated voltage signals u gdref and u gqref of the machine-side converter are obtained, where ⁇ g is the synchronous angular velocity, R f is the stator resistance, L fd and L fq are the stator dq axis inductance , ⁇ f is the rotor flux linkage.
  • the energy storage device adopts voltage rise constant frequency control.
  • P ref and P are the active power reference command and actual active power output of the energy storage device respectively;
  • L 1 and C 1 are the AC side inductance and capacitance;
  • u pd , u pq are respectively the dq-axis components of the three-phase voltage u pa , u pb , and u pc on the output side of the converter in the energy storage device shown in Figure 4, which are obtained by dq transformation, u pdref and u pqref are the d-axis and u pqref respectively.
  • the q-axis voltage reference command is set to a constant value; i pd and i pq are respectively the three-phase current i pa , i pb and i pc of the three-phase current i pa, i pb and i pc on the output side of the converter in the energy storage device shown in Figure 4, which are converted by dq. axis component.
  • the converter in the energy storage device adopts double closed-loop control under the dq axis.
  • the outer loop of the double closed-loop control adopts voltage PI control.
  • the voltage rise refers to the introduction of active power PI into the voltage outer loop of the d-axis.
  • the PI control of active power compares the active power output P of the energy storage system with P ref .
  • the difference result u pf after passing through the PI controller is used as the feedback of the voltage outer loop.
  • the voltage outer loop separates u on the dq axis. Compare pd with u pdref and u pq with u pqref .
  • the difference between u pdref and u pd on the voltage outer ring of the d-axis minus u pf and passed through the PI controller is subtracted from the cross-coupling term ⁇ C 1 u pq .
  • the d-axis current command value i pdref the difference between u pqref and u pq on the q-axis voltage outer ring is added to the cross-coupling term ⁇ C 1 u pd after passing through the PI controller, and the q-axis current command value i pqref is obtained.
  • Active power The addition of the power adjustment link makes the voltage PI control's adjustment of the converter output voltage affected by the droop characteristics of power transmission.
  • the medium voltage AC subgrid voltage changes with the system power flow under the voltage PI control.
  • the inverter in the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply adopts double closed-loop control
  • the outer loop of the double closed-loop control adopts voltage PI control.
  • the voltage outer loop compares the capacitor voltage value U 1 at the DC input terminal with the constant voltage reference value U ref , and the difference is passed through the PI controller to output the DC current command value I 1ref , double closed-loop control
  • the inner loop uses current PI control to stabilize the output current of the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply.
  • the current inner loop collects the output DC current I 1 and I 1ref of the DC/DC hydrogen production power supply for comparison, and the difference is passed through the PI controller as SVPWM control signal.

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Abstract

一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网及其控制方法，大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网包括m个中压交流子网、中压直流配电板、k个DC/DC制氢电源、r个DC/AC逆变电源及低压交流网络，每个中压交流子网包括新能源场站、储能装置及中压交流配电板；通过储能装置采用电压上扬恒频控制、光伏电站和风电机组采用恒功率控制、DC/DC制氢电源采用恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制的运行模式，可以实现"荷随源动"的控制目标，***负载能根据新能源场站出力的变化进行自动调整，使新能源发电能力得到最大化利用，同时所有设备均基于本地控制，降低了***协同控制对通讯***和能量管理***的依赖。

Description

一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及离网型风光互补制氢电力***技术领域，具体涉及一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网及控制方法。
技术背景
氢能源是一种清洁无碳、灵活高效、应用场景丰富的二次能源，具有能量密度高、容量大、寿命长、便于储存和传输等特点，能够作为风电、光伏大规模综合绿色开发储存、利用的优选方案。利用风光互补制氢可以解决风、光发电能量存储困难和最大化利用的问题，是我国实现“碳达峰碳中和”目标的重要途径。传统并网型制氢***中电解槽一般在稳定电能条件和定氢生产率下运行，由于风力和光伏发电易受外界环境的影响，当风力和光伏发电量不足以满足制氢负荷的功率需求时，需要大电网参与供电来保障生产，而电解槽的制氢效率较低且对电力需求较大，提高了并网型制氢***的生产成本，且大电网来源的电能是二次能源，传统并网型制氢***无法完全保证绿色制氢要求。随着风电和光伏***渗透率逐渐增大，由于风力和光伏发电的间歇性和随机性，使其出力波动幅度大，波动频率也无规律性，因此大容量的风光发电***并网运行不利于大电网的安全稳定。离网型风光互补制氢电力***可以在不影响大电网***安全的前提下，实现绿色发电和用电的完美结合，在提高风光发电利用率的同时可达到碳零排放的目的。大容量风光发电的微电网***为提高效率，一般采取较高的传输电压等级以减小损耗。当前大容量离网型风光互补制氢电力***采用传统交流方案组网时，主要需要解决以下问题：
1)极高渗透率情况下离网型风光互补发电制氢***设计。离网运行下，极高渗透率新能源电力***的安全稳定运行具有较大风险和挑战，***谐波含量高、无功需求大，对储能***的电压和功率支撑能力提出了较高要求，储能容量需求大。制氢***设计要求能够提高电网的功率因数、降低***的网损、最小化储能配置，实现异构电源的***协同性和集约性，在发电量和储能***容量之间寻求较佳配置比例。
2)荷随源动的控制。在离网条件下由于风电和光伏发电具有间歇性、随机性等特点，制氢负荷需要实现跟随***功率变化的自动控制，而多个光伏电站和风力发电站在单一交流主 网进行连接时，需要考虑不同电站间频率、相角、无功功率等问题，需要依赖通讯实现“荷随源动”，控制非常复杂，且可扩展性较差，不便于模块化拓展。
3)供电可靠性。不同的新能源场站由于发电能力的随机性容易在同一交流电网上造成电压波动和不同频段振荡现象，给整个***带来较大的安全风险；***发生源端短路时，各节点处的电压和功率均受影响，故障影响范围大。
为解决大容量风光互补离网制氢***面临的上述现实问题，有必要提出一种风光互补离网制氢的直流微电网结构，在满足新能源场站发电能力最大化利用的基本前提下，尽可能优化***配置、减少储能需求、降低控制难度，提高***的运行安全性、可靠性、可扩展性。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网及控制方法，提出了一种“荷随源动”的***组网控制方法，适用于新能源装机在数MW级至数百MW级离网型风光互补制氢场合，能实现新能源最大化互补制氢。
本发明一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，包括m个中压交流子网、中压直流配电板、k个DC/DC制氢电源、r个DC/AC逆变电源及低压交流网络供电；每个中压交流子网分别通过对应的变压整流装置接入中压直流配电板，k个DC/DC制氢电源的输入端分别通过对应的中压直流断路器B k接入中压直流配电板，每个DC/DC制氢电源的输出端分别连接一个电解槽，r个DC/AC逆变电源的输入端分别通过对应的中压直流断路器B k接入中压直流配电板，每个DC/AC逆变电源的输出端为低压交流网络供电；
每个中压交流子网包括新能源场站、储能装置及中压交流配电板，新能源场站和储能装置均通过交流断路器S k连接中压交流配电板；中压交流配电板与变压整流装置之间连接有交流断路器S k，变压整流装置与中压直流配电板之间连接有中压直流断路器B k；低压交流网络包括低压交流配电板和若干个用电负载，每个DC/AC逆变电源的输出端通过交流断路器S k连接低压交流配电板，低压交流配电板通过交流断路器S k连接至备用电源。
进一步地，所述新能源场站为光伏电站或者若干风电机组组成的风力发电站，光伏电站中太阳能光伏阵列通过DC/AC逆变器和变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板，风电机组中双馈风力发电机定子直接输出电压通过变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板或者风电机组中永磁直驱风力发电机经背靠背全功率变流器输出电压通过变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板。
进一步地，所述变压整流装置包括整流变压器和整流器，整流变压器采用的是两台原边分别移相+7.5°、-7.5°的12脉波整流变压器，整流器采用的是四组全波不控整流桥的整流器。
进一步地，所述储能装置由双向储能变流器、电池***和变压器组成，双向储能变流器采用带交流侧电感电容的三相两电平电压源型SVPWM变流器结构，双向储能变流器的直流侧接入电池***，通过对IGBT器件S D1-S D6的导通关断控制，实现直流电与交流电的电能变换，经变压器升压后由交流断路器接入至中压交流配电板。
进一步地，所述DC/DC制氢电源包括单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器、变压器和单相桥式整流器；所述DC/AC逆变电源包含DC/AC逆变器和变压器，所述DC/AC逆变器由三台单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器和三台单相变压器组成。
还提供一种上述所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网的控制方法，所述控制方法为：
制氢***根据调度指令调整光伏电站或风电机组对***的出力；
储能装置中双向储能变流器采取电压上扬恒频控制，保持中压交流子网的***频率不变和储能装置的有功功率输出为0；
变压整流装置将交流变直流；
在恒输入直流电压控制下DC/DC制氢电源将直流输入端电容电压与恒定的电压参考值进行比较，经PI控制后，维持直流输入端电容电压稳定，恒输出电流控制下DC/DC制氢电源根据的直流输入端电容电压变化对输出电流大小进行调整，经由对输出直流电流的调整实现***负荷随新能源出力变化的自动调整。
进一步地，所述光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器、风电机组的双馈风力发电机的转子侧变流器或永磁直驱风力发电机的机侧变流器在恒功率控制模式下采取有功和无功功率的PI控制；光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器的恒功率控制中，P s和Q s分别为光伏电站的有功出力和无功出力，P sref和Q sref为给定的光伏电站的有功功率的调度指令和无功功率的调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前光伏电站的最大功率输出能力P smax，作为P sref的最大限值，设定P sref小于P smax，无功功率指令Q sref设置为0，使光伏电站的无功输出保持为0；P s与P sref、Q s与Q sref的差值分别经PI控制器后作为光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器的d轴电流参考指令i sdref和q轴电流参考指令i sqref，i sd和i sq分别为DC/AC逆变器的有功输出电流在dq轴的分量和无功输出电流在dq轴的分量，i sd和i sq分别为DC/AC逆变器的输出电流在d轴和q轴的分量，i sd与i sdref、i sq与i sqref的差值分别经PI控制器后，各自分别加上DC/AC逆变器的d轴输出电压前馈项u sd和q轴输出电压前馈项u sq，输出电压u sdref和u sqref为DC/AC逆变器的dq轴调制电压信号；
所述风电机组中双馈风力发电机转子侧变流器的恒功率控制中，P w和Q w分别为风电机组的有功功率出力和无功功率出力，P wref和Q wref分别为给定的有功功率调度指令和无功功率 调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前风电机组的最大功率输出能力P wmax，作为P wref的最大限值，设定P wref小于P wmax，无功功率指令Q wref设置为0，使风电机组的无功输出保持为0；P w与P wref、Q w与Q wref的差值分别经PI控制器后的输出结果i wdref和i wqref分别为转子侧变流器的d轴电流参考指令和q轴电流参考指令，转子侧变流器的输出电流在dq轴的分量分别为i wd和i wq，i wd与i wdref、i wq与i wqref的差值经PI控制器后，输出结果分别减去和加上ω s[-L mU s/(ω eL s)+σL ri wd]和ω sσL ri wd，得到转子侧变流器在dq轴上的有功调制电压信号u wdref和无功调制电压信号u wqref，其中ω s和ω e分别为转差角速度和同步角速度，L s为dq轴定子自感、L r为dq轴转子自感、L m为dq轴定转子等效绕组的互感，σ为发电机漏磁系数，U s为定子电压；
所述风电机组中永磁直驱风力发电机的机侧变流器的恒功率控制中，机侧变流器的恒功率控制中，P g和Q g分别为风电机组的有功功率出力和无功功率出力，P gref和Q gref分别为给定的有功功率调度指令和无功功率调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前风电机组的最大功率输出能力P gmax，作为P gref的最大限值，设定P gref小于P gmax，无功功率指令Q gref设置为0，使风电机组的无功输出保持为0；Q g与Q gref、P g与P gref的差值分别经PI控制器后的输出结果i gdref和i gqref分别为机侧变流器的d轴电流参考指令和q轴电流参考指令，机侧变流器的输出电流在d轴和q轴的分量分别为i gd和i gq，i gd与i gdref、i gq与i gqref的差值经PI控制器后，输出结果分别减去和加上(ω gL fqi gq-R fi gd)和(R fi gq+ω gL fdi gd+ω gψ f)，得到机侧变流器的d轴和q轴调制电压信号u gdref、u gqref，其中ω g为同步角速度，R f为定子电阻，L fd和L fq为定子dq轴电感，ψ f为转子磁链。
进一步地，所述储能装置在电压上扬恒频控制模式下，储能装置中变流器采取dq轴双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制，电压上扬指d轴的电压外环中引入有功功率的PI控制，有功功率的PI控制将储能***的有功功率输出P与P ref进行比较，其差值经过PI控制器后的结果u pf作为电压外环的反馈，电压外环在dq轴分别将u pd与u pdref、u pq与u pqref进行比较，d轴的电压外环上u pdref和u pd的差值减去u pf并经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωC 1u pq相减得到d轴电流指令值i pdref，q轴的电压外环上u pqref和u pq的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωC 1u pd相加后得到q轴电流指令值i pqref，有功功率调整环节的加入使电压PI控制对变流器输出电压的调节受功率传输的下垂特性影响，电压PI控制下中压交流子网电压随***潮流变化，将P ref设置为0使储能***的有功功率输出保持为0；在内环电流PI控制中，d轴的电流内环上i pdref和i pd的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωL 1i pq相加得到d轴调制电压指令值u d，q轴的电流内环上i pqref和i pq的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωL 1i pd相减得到 q轴调制电压指令值u q；u q和u d再经过dq变换得到SVPWM控制的调制波信号u a、u b和u c；恒频指储能装置中变流器输出电压频率f直接设定为恒定值，同步旋转角仅随时间t变化；
其中，P ref、P分别为储能装置的有功功率参考指令和实际有功功率输出；L 1、C 1为交流侧电感和电容；u pd、u pq分别为储能装置中变流器输出侧的三相电压u pa、u pb、u pc经dq变换得到的dq轴分量，u pdref和u pqref分别为d轴和q轴电压参考指令，设为恒定值；i pd、i pq分别为储能装置中变流器输出侧的三相电流i pa、i pb、i pc经dq变换得到的dq轴分量；ω为角速度。
进一步地，所述DC/DC制氢电源的恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制模式下，DC/DC制氢电源中逆变器采取双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制来稳定直流输入端的电容电压，电压外环将直流输入端的电容电压值U 1与恒定的电压参考值U ref进行比较，其差值经PI控制器后输出直流电流指令值I 1ref，双闭环控制的内环采用电流PI控制来稳定DC/DC制氢电源的输出电流，电流内环采集DC/DC制氢电源的输出直流电流I 1与I 1ref进行比较，差值经PI控制器后作为SVPWM的控制信号。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明采用“不同类型的新能源场站在各自储能装置支撑下独立组成中压交流子网、多个中压交流子网经变压整流装置接入统一的中压直流主网”的拓扑结构和“荷随源动”的***组网控制方法：储能装置采用电压上扬恒频控制、光伏电站和风力发电站采用恒功率控制、DC/DC制氢电源采用恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制。该拓扑及其控制方法适用于新能源装机在数MW级至数百MW级离网型风光互补制氢场合，不仅能实现新能源最大化互补制氢，而且具有供电可靠性高、可扩展性强、控制简单等优势，可以实现新能源发电的最大化利用。具体有益效果如下：
1、光伏电站、风力发电站在各自储能装置的支撑下，形成若干相互独立的中压交流子网，中压交流子网分别通过多相变压整流装置接入统一的中压直流主网，这种网络结构可以增强***未来的扩展性，同时通过多相变压整流装置进行直流组网的方式提高了交流侧***的功率因数和谐波质量，降低了***的无功需求，可以极大地减少储能***接入变流器的容量。
2、光伏电站或风力发电站分别独立组网，避免了不同形式的异构电源由于发电能力的随机性在同一电网上造成电压波动和不同频段振荡现象，提升了***的可控性、惯性和稳定裕度，还能保障单个中压交流子网发生故障时其他***部分的正常运行，降低了安全风险、提高了***运行可靠性。
3、通过储能装置采用电压上扬恒频控制、光伏电站和风电机组采用恒功率控制、DC/DC制氢电源采用恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制的运行模式，可以实现“荷随源动”的控制目标，***负载能根据新能源场站的出力的变化进行自动调整，使新能源发电能力得到最大化 利用，同时所有设备均基于本地控制，降低了***协同控制对通讯***和能量管理***的依赖。
附图说明
图1为本发明大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网示意图；
图2为本发明大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网一种较佳实施例的结构示意图；
图3为本发明多相变压整流装置的电路图；
图4为本发明储能装置的电路图；
图5为本发明DC/DC制氢电源的电路图；
图6为本发明DC/AC逆变电源的电路图；
图7为本发明新能源场站采取恒功率控制的策略图；
图8为本发明储能***采取电压上扬恒频控制的策略图；
图9为本发明DC/DC制氢电源采取恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制的策略图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。
需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
如图1所示，本方案包括m个中压交流子网、中压直流配电板、k个DC/DC制氢电源、r个DC/AC逆变电源及低压交流网络供电。每个中压交流子网分别通过对应的变压整流装置接入中压直流配电板，k个DC/DC制氢电源的输入端分别通过对应的中压直流断路器B k接入中压直流配电板，每个DC/DC制氢电源的输出端分别连接一个电解槽并为电解槽供电，r个DC/AC逆变电源的输入端分别通过对应的中压直流断路器B k接入中压直流配电板，每个DC/AC逆变电源的输出端为低压交流网络供电。本实施例中，新能源场站可以是光伏电站或者若干风电机组组成的风力发电站，光伏电站中太阳能光伏阵列通过DC/AC逆变器和变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板，风电机组中双馈风力发电机定子直接输出电压或者永磁直驱风力发电机经背靠背全功率变流器输出电压通过变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板。
每个中压交流子网包括新能源场站、储能装置及中压交流配电板，新能源场站和储能装置均通过交流断路器S k连接中压交流配电板；中压交流配电板与变压整流装置之间连接有交流断路器S k，变压整流装置与中压直流配电板之间连接有中压直流断路器B k。低压交流网络包括低压交流配电板和若干个用电负载，每个DC/AC逆变电源的输出端通过交流断路器S k连接低压交流配电板，低压交流配电板通过交流断路器S k连接至备用电源以保障辅助生产用电负载的电力需求。中压直流配电板和低压交流配电板根据需要可以分成若干段直流母排或交流母排以满足不同的供电和配电需求，若干段母排之间通过断路器进行连接。
图2示出了本申请较佳实施例提供的一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
图中：G 1,G 2,…G m为m个新能源场站；C 1,C 2,…C m为m套储能装置；K 1_1,K 1_2,…K 1_2m为用于m个新能源场站和m套储能装置接入35kV中压交流配电板的交流断路器S k；K 2_1,K 2_2,…K 2_m为m个用于中压交流配电板与变压整流装置连接的交流断路器S k；S 1_1,S 1_2,…S 1_m为用于m台变压整流装置接入4000V中压直流配电板的中压直流断路器B k；S 2_1,S 2_2,…S 2_k为用于k台DC/DC制氢电源接入中压直流配电板的中压直流断路器B k；S 3_1,S 3_2,…S 3_r为用于r套DC/AC逆变电源接入中压直流配电板的中压直流断路器B k；D 1,D 2,…D k为k个DC/DC制氢电源，Z 1,Z 2,…Z k为k个电解槽；T 1,T 2,…T m为m台变压整流装置；I 1,I 2,…I r为r个DC/AC逆变电源；K 3_1,K 3_2,…K 3_r为r个用于DC/AC逆变电源与低压交流配电板连接的交流断路器S k，K D为390V低压交流配电板连接至备用电源的交流断路器S k。
该实施例为一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，包括m个新能源场站、m个储能装置、中压交流配电板、m个变压整流装置、中压直流配电板、k个DC/DC制氢电源、k个电解槽、r个DC/AC逆变电源、低压交流配电板、辅助生产用电负载，m个新能源场站 (G 1,G 2,…G m)可以是光伏电站或者若干风电机组组成的风力发电站，光伏电站和风力发电站在各自储能装置(C 1,C 2,…C m)的支撑下，经35kV中压交流配电板形成m个相互独立的中压交流子网，每个新能源场站和对应配置的储能装置分别通过交流断路器(K 1_1,K 1_2,…K 1_2m)连接中压交流配电板，m个中压交流子网分别通过各自的变压整流装置(T 1,T 2,…T m)接入统一的中压直流配电板，每个中压交流配电板与变压整流装置之间连接有交流断路器(K 2_1,K 2_2,…K 2_m)，每个变压整流装置与4000V中压直流配电板之间连接有中压直流断路器(S 1_1,S 1_2,…S 1_m)，中压直流配电板通过k个中压直流断路器(S 2_1,S 2_2,…S 2_k)与k个DC/DC制氢电源(D 1,D 2,…D k)连接为电解槽(Z 1,Z 2,…Z k)供电，通过依次连接的r个中压直流断路器(S 3_1,S 3_2,…S 3_r)、r个DC/AC逆变电源(I 1,I 2,…I r)、r个交流断路器(K 3_1,K 3_2,…K 3_r)连接到390V低压交流配电板为低压交流网络供电，低压交流配电板通过交流断路器K D连接至备用电源以保障辅助生产用电负载的电力需求。
较为优选的，光伏电站中太阳能光伏阵列通过DC/AC逆变器和变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板，风电机组采用双馈感应发电机组或永磁直驱同步发电机组，发电机组输出电压通过变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板。
如图3所示，变压整流装置包括整流变压器和整流器，整流变压器采用的是两台12脉波整流变压器，整流器采用的是四组全波不控整流桥的整流器。三相交流电源u a0、u b0、u c0通过两台移相变压器得到两组相电压幅值相等、相位差为15°的六相电源(u a1、u b1、u c1)、(u a2、u b2、u c2)和(u a3、u b3、u c3)、(u a4、u b4、u c4)，各六相电源中的两组三相电源相位差30°，每组三相电源经三相不控整流器得到六脉波的直流电压，其中D 11～D 16、D 21～D 26、D 31～D 36和D 41～D 46为三相不控整流器中的二极管，并联输出后得到十二脉波的直流电压，上、下十二脉波不控整流器串联最终形成二十四脉波直流电压，***接地方式采用中点经高阻R 0接地，图中R和L为整流变压器的等效阻抗。
如图4所示，储能装置由双向储能变流器、电池***和变压器组成，可实现中压交流配电板和储能装置之间的能量双向流动。双向储能变流器采用带交流侧电感电容的三相两电平电压源型SVPWM变流器结构，双向储能变流器的直流侧接入电池***，通过对IGBT器件S D1-S D6的导通关断控制，实现直流电与交流电的电能变换(双向型)，经变压器升压后由交流断路器接入至中压交流配电板，图中，U D、I D为直流侧电池***的输出电压和电流，C为直流侧支撑电容，L 1和C 1为交流侧电感和电容，u pa、u pb、u pc和i pa、i pb、i pc分别为交流侧三相电压和电流。
如图5所示，DC/DC制氢电源包括单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器、变压器和单相桥式整流器。C D1和C D2为单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器直流输入侧的钳位电容，通过对IGBT器件S T1-S T8的导通关断控制，实现直流电与交流电的电能变换，其中D T1～D T4和D B1～D B4分别为单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器与单相桥式整流器中的二极管，U 1和U 2分别为输入端的电容电压值和输出侧的直流电压，I 1为DC/DC制氢电源输出侧的直流电流，直流回路两端串联有二极管D 1和D 2以限制电流单向流动、防止负载提供短路馈流。
如图6所示，DC/AC逆变电源包含DC/AC逆变器和变压器，DC/AC逆变电源直流侧接入中压直流配电板，直流回路两端串联有二极管D 3和D 4以限制电流单向流动、防止负载提供短路馈流，C D3和C D4为DC/AC逆变器直流输入侧的钳位电容，U 3为直流输入端的电容电压值。DC/AC逆变器由三台单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器组成，通过分别对三台单相逆变器的IGBT器件S 11-S 18、S 21-S 28以及S 31-S 38的导通关断控制，将直流电逆变为三相交流电，并经LC滤波器后，通过三个变压器对三个单相交流电压进行三相整合，经交流断路器向低压交流配电板供电，其中D S11～D S14、D S21～D S24和D S31～D S34分别为三台单相逆变器中的二极管，L s1、L s2、L s3分别为三台单相逆变器中的交流侧滤波电感，C s1、C s2、C s3分别为三台单相逆变器中的交流侧滤波电容。
生产用电主要为制氢***供电和厂区日用，包含压缩机、空压机、循环水泵、控制***、厂区照明等。
本发明提供一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网的控制方法：
制氢***中光伏电站和风电机组采用恒功率控制、储能***采用电压上扬恒频控制、DC/DC制氢电源采用恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制的运行模式，实现“荷随源动”控制目标。
制氢***根据调度指令调整光伏电站或风电机组对***的出力；
储能装置中双向储能变流器采取电压上扬恒频控制，保持中压交流子网的***频率不变和储能装置的有功功率输出为0，仅为***提供电压参考和无功功率支撑；由于光伏电站或风电机组根据调度指令调整出力时***潮流发生变化，电压上扬恒频控制下储能装置对电压的调整受功率传输下垂特性的影响，使中压交流子网电压受***潮流影响而变化；
变压整流装置将交流变直流；
在恒输入直流电压控制下DC/DC制氢电源将直流输入端电容电压与恒定的电压参考值进行比较，经PI控制后，维持直流输入端电容的电压稳定，恒输出电流控制下DC/DC制氢电源根据直流输入端电容电压的变化对输出电流大小进行调整，经由对输出直流电流的调整 实现***负荷随新能源出力变化的自动调整。由于中压交流子网电压变化引起中压直流主网的电压波动，因此，DC/DC制氢电源采用恒输入直流电压控制+恒输出电流控制，实现“荷随源动”控制目标。
本实施例中，每个光伏电站或风力发电站采用恒功率控制模式，该模式下通过锁相环跟踪储能***输出电压，仅对输出电流进行控制，如图7所示，光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器、风电机组的双馈感应发电机的转子侧变流器(或永磁直驱风力发电机的机侧变流器)在恒功率控制模式下采取有功和无功功率的PI控制。光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器的恒功率控制中，P s和Q s分别为光伏电站的有功出力和无功出力，P sref和Q sref为给定的光伏电站的有功功率的调度指令和无功功率的调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制(MPPT)计算当前光伏电站的最大功率输出能力P smax，作为P sref的最大限值，即设定P sref小于P smax，以避免光伏电站对***出力的频繁波动，无功功率指令Q sref设置为0，使光伏电站的无功输出保持为0；P s与P sref、Q s与Q sref的差值分别经PI控制器后作为光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器的d轴电流参考指令i sdref和q轴电流参考指令i sqref，i sd和i sq分别为DC/AC逆变器的输出电流在在d轴和q轴的分量，i sd与i sdref、i sq与i sqref的差值分别经PI控制器后，各自分别加上DC/AC逆变器的d轴输出电压前馈项u sd和q轴输出电压前馈项u sq，输出电压u sdref和u sqref为DC/AC逆变器的d轴和q轴调制电压信号。
所述风电机组中发电机为双馈感应发电机时，转子侧变流器的控制中，P w和Q w分别为风电机组的有功功率出力和无功功率出力，P wref和Q wref分别为给定的有功功率调度指令和无功功率调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制(MPPT)计算当前风电机组的最大功率输出能力P wmax，作为P wref的最大限值，即设定P wref小于P wmax，以避免风力发电站对***出力的频繁波动，无功功率指令Q wref设置为0，使风电机组的无功输出保持为0；P w与P wref、Q w与Q wref的差值分别经PI控制器后的输出结果i wdref和i wqref分别为转子侧变流器的d轴电流参考指令和q轴电流参考指令，转子侧变流器的输出电流在dq轴的分量分别为i wd和i wq，i wd与i wdref、i wq与i wqref的差值经PI控制器后，输出结果分别减去和加上ω s[-L mU s/(ω eL s)+σL ri wd]和ω sσL ri wd，得到转子侧变流器dq轴上的调制电压信号u wdref和u wqref，其中ω s和ω e分别为转差角速度和同步角速度，L s为dq轴定子自感、L r为dq轴转子自感、L m为dq轴定转子等效绕组的互感，σ为发电机漏磁系数，U s为定子电压。
所述风电机组中发电机为永磁直驱风力发电机时，机侧变流器的恒功率控制中，P g和Q g分别为风电机组的有功功率出力和无功功率出力，P gref和Q gref分别为给定的有功功率调度指令和无功功率调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前风电机组的最大功率输出能力P gmax， 作为P gref的最大限值，设定P gref小于P gmax，无功功率指令Q gref设置为0，使风电机组的无功输出保持为0；Q g与Q gref、P g与P gref的差值分别经PI控制器后的输出结果i gdref和i gqref分别为机侧变流器的d轴电流参考指令和q轴电流参考指令，机侧变流器的输出电流在d轴和q轴的分量分别为i gd和i gq，i gd与i gdref、i gq与i gqref的差值经PI控制器后，输出结果分别减去和加上(ω gL fqi gq-R fi gd)和(R fi gq+ω gL fdi gd+ω gψ f)，得到机侧变流器的d轴和q轴调制电压信号u gdref、u gqref，其中ω g为同步角速度，R f为定子电阻，L fd和L fq为定子dq轴电感，ψ f为转子磁链。
如图8所示，储能装置采用电压上扬恒频控制，P ref、P分别为储能装置的有功功率参考指令和实际有功功率输出；L 1、C 1为交流侧电感和电容；u pd、u pq分别为图4所示的储能装置中变流器输出侧的三相电压u pa、u pb、u pc经dq变换得到的dq轴分量，u pdref和u pqref分别为d轴和q轴电压参考指令，设为恒定值；i pd、i pq分别为图4所示的储能装置中变流器输出侧的三相电流i pa、i pb、i pc经dq变换得到的dq轴分量。电压上扬恒频控制模式下，储能装置中变流器采取dq轴下的双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制，电压上扬指d轴的电压外环中引入有功功率的PI控制，有功功率的PI控制将储能***的有功功率输出P与P ref进行比较，其差值经过PI控制器后的结果u pf作为电压外环的反馈，电压外环在dq轴分别将u pd与u pdref、u pq与u pqref进行比较，d轴的电压外环上u pdref和u pd的差值减去u pf并经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωC 1u pq相减得到d轴电流指令值i pdref，q轴的电压外环上u pqref和u pq的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωC 1u pd相加后得到q轴电流指令值i pqref，有功功率调整环节的加入使电压PI控制对变流器输出电压的调节受功率传输的下垂特性影响，电压PI控制下中压交流子网电压随***潮流变化，将P ref设置为0使储能***的有功功率输出保持为0；在内环电流PI控制中，d轴的电流内环上i pdref和i pd的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωL 1i pq相加得到d轴调制电压指令值u d，q轴的电流内环上i pqref和i pq的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωL 1i pd相减得到q轴调制电压指令值u q；u q和u d再经过dq变换得到SVPWM控制的调制波信号u a、u b和u c；恒频指储能装置中变流器输出电压频率f直接设定为恒定值，同步旋转角(dq变换角)仅随时间t变化，ω为角速度。
如图9所示，DC/DC制氢电源的恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制模式下，DC/DC制氢电源中逆变器采取双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制来稳定直流输入端的电容电压，电压外环将直流输入端的电容电压值U 1与恒定的电压参考值U ref进行比较，其差值经PI控制器后输出直流电流指令值I 1ref，双闭环控制的内环采用电流PI控制来稳定DC/DC制氢电源的输出电流，电流内环采集DC/DC制氢电源的输出直流电流I 1与I 1ref进行比较，其差值经PI控制器后作为SVPWM的控制信号。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：包括m个中压交流子网、中压直流配电板、k个DC/DC制氢电源、r个DC/AC逆变电源及低压交流网络供电；每个中压交流子网分别通过对应的变压整流装置接入中压直流配电板，k个DC/DC制氢电源的输入端分别通过对应的中压直流断路器B k接入中压直流配电板，每个DC/DC制氢电源的输出端分别连接一个电解槽，r个DC/AC逆变电源的输入端分别通过对应的中压直流断路器B k接入中压直流配电板，每个DC/AC逆变电源的输出端为低压交流网络供电；
    每个中压交流子网包括新能源场站、储能装置及中压交流配电板，新能源场站和储能装置均通过交流断路器S k连接中压交流配电板；中压交流配电板与变压整流装置之间连接有交流断路器S k，变压整流装置与中压直流配电板之间连接有中压直流断路器B k；低压交流网络包括低压交流配电板和若干个用电负载，每个DC/AC逆变电源的输出端通过交流断路器S k连接低压交流配电板，低压交流配电板通过交流断路器S k连接至备用电源；
    所述新能源场站为光伏电站或者若干风电机组组成的风力发电站，光伏电站中太阳能光伏阵列通过DC/AC逆变器和变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板，风电机组中双馈风力发电机定子直接输出电压通过变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板或者风电机组中永磁直驱风力发电机经背靠背全功率变流器输出电压通过变压器升压后连接到中压交流配电板；
    所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网的控制方法：
    制氢***根据调度指令调整光伏电站或风电机组对***的出力；
    储能装置中双向储能变流器采取电压上扬恒频控制，保持中压交流子网的***频率不变和储能装置的有功功率输出为0；
    变压整流装置将交流变直流；
    在恒输入直流电压控制下DC/DC制氢电源将直流输入端电容电压与恒定的电压参考值进行比较，经PI控制后，维持直流输入端电容电压稳定，恒输出电流控制下DC/DC制氢电源根据直流输入端电容电压的变化对输出电流大小进行调整，经由对输出直流电流的调整实现***负荷随新能源出力变化的自动调整；
    其中，电压上扬恒频控制模式下，储能装置中变流器采取dq轴下的双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制，电压上扬指d轴的电压外环中引入有功功率的PI控制；恒频指储能装置中变流器输出电压频率f直接设定为恒定值，同步旋转角仅随时间t变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：所述变压整流装置包括整流变压器和整流器，整流变压器采用的是两台原边分别移相+7.5°、-7.5°的12脉波整流变压器，整流器采用的是四组全波不控整流桥的整流器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：所述储能装置由双向储能变流器、电池***和变压器组成，双向储能变流器采用带交流侧电感电容的三相两电平电压源型SVPWM变流器结构，双向储能变流器的直流侧接入电池***，通过对IGBT器件S D1-S D6的导通关断控制，实现直流电与交流电的电能变换，经变压器升压后由交流断路器接入至中压交流配电板。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：所述DC/DC制氢电源包括单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器、变压器和单相桥式整流器；所述DC/AC逆变电源包含DC/AC逆变器和变压器，所述DC/AC逆变器由三台单相二极管钳位型三电平逆变器和三台单相变压器组成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：所述光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器、风电机组的双馈风力发电机的转子侧变流器或永磁直驱风力发电机的机侧变流器在恒功率控制模式下采取有功和无功功率的PI控制；光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器的恒功率控制中，P s和Q s分别为光伏电站的有功出力和无功出力，P sref和Q sref为给定的光伏电站的有功功率的调度指令和无功功率的调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前光伏电站的最大功率输出能力P smax，作为P sref的最大限值，设定P sref小于P smax，无功功率指令Q sref设置为0，使光伏电站的无功输出保持为0；P s与P sref、Q s与Q sref的差值分别经PI控制器后作为光伏电站中DC/AC逆变器的d轴电流参考指令i sdref和q轴电流参考指令i sqref，i sd和i sq分别为DC/AC逆变器的输出电流在d轴和q轴的分量，i sd与i sdref、i sq与i sqref的差值分别经PI控制器后，各自分别加上DC/AC逆变器在d轴的输出电压前馈项u sd和q轴的输出电压前馈项u sq，输出电压u sdref和u sqref为DC/AC逆变器的dq轴调制电压信号；
    所述风电机组中双馈风力发电机转子侧变流器的恒功率控制中，P w和Q w分别为风电机组的有功功率出力和无功功率出力，P wref和Q wref分别为给定的有功功率调度指令和无功功率 调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前风电机组的最大功率输出能力P wmax，作为P wref的最大限值，设定P wref小于P wmax，无功功率指令Q wref设置为0，使风电机组的无功输出保持为0；P w与P wref、Q w与Q wref的差值分别经PI控制器后的输出结果i wdref和i wqref分别为转子侧变流器的d轴电流参考指令和q轴电流参考指令，转子侧变流器的输出电流在dq轴的分量分别为i wd和i wq，i wd与i wdref、i wq与i wqref的差值经PI控制器后，输出结果分别减去和加上ω s[-L mU s/(ω eL s)+σL ri wd]和ω sσL ri wd，得到转子侧变流器在dq轴上的有功调制电压信号u wdref和无功调制电压信号u wqref，其中ω s和ω e分别为转差角速度和同步角速度，L s为dq轴定子自感、L r为dq轴转子自感、L m为dq轴定转子等效绕组的互感，σ为发电机漏磁系数，U s为定子电压；
    所述风电机组中永磁直驱风力发电机的机侧变流器的恒功率控制中，P g和Q g分别为风电机组的有功功率出力和无功功率出力，P gref和Q gref分别为给定的有功功率调度指令和无功功率调度指令；由最大功率点跟踪控制计算当前风电机组的最大功率输出能力P gmax，作为P gref的最大限值，设定P gref小于P gmax，无功功率指令Q gref设置为0，使风电机组的无功输出保持为0；Q g与Q gref、P g与P gref的差值分别经PI控制器后的输出结果i gdref和i gqref分别为机侧变流器的d轴电流参考指令和q轴电流参考指令，机侧变流器的输出电流在d轴和q轴的分量分别为i gd和i gq，i gd与i gdref、i gq与i gqref的差值经PI控制器后，输出结果分别减去和加上(ω gL fqi gq-R fi gd)和(R fi gq+ω gL fdi gd+ω gψ f)，得到机侧变流器的d轴和q轴调制电压信号u gdref、u gqref，其中ω g为同步角速度，R f为定子电阻，L fd和L fq为定子dq轴电感，ψ f为转子磁链。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：所述储能装置在电压上扬恒频控制模式下，储能装置中变流器采取dq轴双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制，电压上扬指d轴的电压外环中引入有功功率的PI控制，有功功率的PI控制将储能***的有功功率输出P与P ref进行比较，其差值经过PI控制器后的结果u pf作为电压外环的反馈，电压外环在dq轴分别将u pd与u pdref、u pq与u pqref进行比较，d轴的电压外环上u pdref和u pd的差值减去u pf并经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωC 1u pq相减得到d轴电流指令值i pdref，q轴的电压外环上u pqref和u pq的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωC 1u pd相加后得到q轴电流指令值i pqref，有功功率调整环节的加入使电压PI控制对变流器输出电压的调节受功率传输的下垂特性影响，电压PI控制下中压交流子网电压随***潮流变化，将P ref设置为0使储能***的有功功率输出保持为0；在内环电流PI控制中，d轴的电流内环上i pdref和i pd的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωL 1i pq相加得到d轴调制电压指令值u d，q轴的电流内 环上i pqref和i pq的差值经PI控制器后，与交叉耦合项ωL 1i pd相减得到q轴调制电压指令值u q；u q和u d再经过dq变换得到SVPWM控制的调制波信号u a、u b和u c；恒频指储能装置中变流器输出电压频率f直接设定为恒定值，同步旋转角仅随时间t变化；
    其中，P ref、P分别为储能装置的有功功率参考指令和实际有功功率输出；L 1、C 1为交流侧电感和电容；u pd、u pq分别为储能装置中变流器输出侧的三相电压u pa、u pb、u pc经dq变换得到的dq轴分量，u pdref和u pqref分别为d轴和q轴电压参考指令，设为恒定值；i pd、i pq分别为储能装置中变流器输出侧的三相电流i pa、i pb、i pc经dq变换得到的dq轴分量；ω为角速度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述大容量离网型风光互补制氢直流微电网，其特征在于：所述DC/DC制氢电源的恒输入直流电压+恒输出电流控制模式下，DC/DC制氢电源中逆变器采取双闭环控制，双闭环控制的外环采取电压PI控制来稳定直流输入端的电容电压，电压外环将直流输入端的电容电压值U 1与恒定的电压参考值U ref进行比较，其差值经PI控制器后输出直流电流指令值I 1ref，双闭环控制的内环采用电流PI控制来稳定DC/DC制氢电源的输出电流，电流内环采集DC/DC制氢电源的输出直流电流I 1与I 1ref进行比较，差值经PI控制器后作为SVPWM的控制信号。
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