WO2023174047A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023174047A1
WO2023174047A1 PCT/CN2023/078644 CN2023078644W WO2023174047A1 WO 2023174047 A1 WO2023174047 A1 WO 2023174047A1 CN 2023078644 W CN2023078644 W CN 2023078644W WO 2023174047 A1 WO2023174047 A1 WO 2023174047A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
battery cell
injection hole
liquid injection
main body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/078644
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石胜云
郭志君
郑于炼
邢承友
陈从胜
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023174047A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023174047A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, an electrode assembly and a seal.
  • the casing is provided with an injection hole for injecting electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is contained in the housing.
  • the sealing member includes a main body, a transition part surrounding the outside of the main part, and a connecting part surrounding the transition part.
  • the connecting part is located on a side of the housing away from the electrode assembly, and at least part of the main part protrudes from a side of the connecting part facing the housing.
  • the first surface is accommodated in the liquid injection hole, and the connecting part is connected to the shell to seal the liquid injection hole.
  • An escape groove is provided on the side of the transition part facing the shell.
  • the escape groove is recessed relative to the first surface and is arranged around the main body.
  • the groove wall of the escape groove connects the first surface and the surface of the main body; the main part is away from the liquid injection hole. There is a recess on one side.
  • the avoidance groove can separate the transition part from the shell to reduce the risk of contact between the transition part and the shell, enable the connecting part to fit closely with the shell, increase the connection strength between the connecting part and the shell, and improve the sealing sex.
  • the relief groove can reduce the strength of the transition part, while the recessed part can reduce the strength of the main body part, which can make the transition part and the main part more easily deformed.
  • the stress generated is transferred to the transition part and the main part.
  • the transition part and the main part can release the stress through deformation, thereby reducing the stress concentration at the connection between the connecting part and the shell, and reducing the stress between the shell and the shell. Reduce the risk of cracks in the joints, improve sealing and improve safety.
  • the surface of the transition portion facing away from the casing is flush with the surface of the connecting portion facing away from the casing, so as to prevent the transition portion from increasing the maximum size of the seal in the thickness direction and reducing interference between the seal and other components in the battery. risks of.
  • a surface of the transition portion facing away from the housing protrudes beyond a surface of the connection portion facing away from the housing.
  • the thickness and strength of the transition part can be ensured to reduce the risk of cracking of the transition part.
  • the transition part forms an arched structure that is convex on the outside and concave on the inside.
  • the arched mechanism has good elasticity and can release stress through deformation when the battery cell is subjected to external impact, thereby reducing the risk of connection failure between the casing and the connecting part. risks and improve safety.
  • the connecting part is welded to the housing and forms a first welding part, and the first welding part surrounds the outside of the liquid injection hole.
  • the first welding part can separate the liquid injection hole from the space outside the sealing member to achieve sealing of the liquid injection hole.
  • the welding process is simple, it can not only achieve sealing, but also ensure the connection strength between the connecting part and the shell.
  • the connecting part is provided with a thinned area, and the thinned area is arranged around the outside of the first welding part.
  • the thinned area is used to weld to the shell and form a plurality of second welding parts, and the plurality of second welding parts are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main body part.
  • the thinned area when assembling the seal and the shell, the thinned area can be Spot welding is performed on the second welding portion to form a plurality of second welding portions.
  • the plurality of second welding parts can pre-fix the sealing member and the shell, so as to reduce the risk of the sealing member shaking during the formation of the first welding part and ensure the strength of the first welding part.
  • This technical solution reduces the power required for spot welding by arranging a thinned area on the connection part.
  • the housing includes a second surface offset from the first surface.
  • the liquid injection hole includes a guide section, the side wall of the guide section is connected to the second surface; the aperture of the guide section gradually decreases in the direction away from the second surface.
  • the guide section of the liquid injection hole has a tapered structure that is large on the outside and small on the inside, which can guide the main body of the seal to extend into the liquid injection hole during the assembly process to simplify the assembly process.
  • the main body is provided with a third surface facing the side wall of the guide section, the third surface is connected to the groove wall of the relief groove, and the third surface is parallel to the axis of the liquid injection hole.
  • the side wall of the guide section is a tapered surface
  • the third surface is a cylindrical surface.
  • the edge of the end of the third surface is used to contact the side wall of the guide section. Fit to achieve seal positioning.
  • this embodiment realizes positioning through the cooperation of edges and surfaces, which can reduce the risk of positioning failure caused by the accuracy of the surfaces.
  • the main body part includes a convex part and a plate body part, and the convex part surrounds the outside of the plate body part and is connected between the plate body part and the transition part.
  • the convex portion protrudes from the first surface and the plate body, and at least part of the convex portion is accommodated in the liquid injection hole.
  • the concave portion is provided in the main body at a position corresponding to the convex portion.
  • the convex portion can extend into the liquid injection hole and cooperate with the hole wall of the liquid injection hole to achieve the positioning of the seal, thus simplifying the assembly process.
  • the convex part protrudes from the plate body part, and the convex part forms a recessed part on a side away from the liquid injection hole in the thickness direction, so that the convex part forms an inwardly arched arch structure.
  • the convex portion with an arched structure can deform to release stress when the battery cell is subjected to external impact, thereby reducing the risk of connection failure between the casing and the connecting portion and improving safety.
  • a positioning recess is provided at the center of a surface of the plate body facing away from the housing.
  • the positioning recess can be used as a positioning reference during the process of assembling the seal and the housing to improve connection accuracy.
  • the surface of the plate body part facing away from the shell is flush with the surface of the connecting part facing away from the shell, so as to improve the flatness of the outside of the seal.
  • the ratio ⁇ of the size of the relief groove to the size of the transition portion in the thickness direction of the connecting portion is 0.01-0.5.
  • the smaller the value of ⁇ the smaller the depth of the relief groove, and the higher the risk of contact between the transition part and the shell.
  • the larger the value of ⁇ the greater the restriction on the size of the transition part; if the value of ⁇ is too large, the thickness of the transition part will be too small, and the battery cell will be prone to cracking when it is subject to external impact.
  • the value of ⁇ is limited to 0.01-0.5, so that the escape groove can separate the transition part from the shell while ensuring the strength of the transition part.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery including a plurality of battery cells according to any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, which includes the battery cell according to any embodiment of the first aspect, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery module shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in Figure 4 at circular frame A;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a partial top view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of an end cover of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 5 at circular frame B;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Electrode terminal 50. Sealing nail;
  • W1 first welding part
  • Z thickness direction
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include one or more battery cells for packaging box. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode coating area and a positive electrode tab connected to the positive electrode coating area.
  • the positive electrode coating area The positive electrode active material layer is coated, and the positive electrode tab is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode coating area and a negative electrode tab connected to the negative electrode coating area.
  • the negative electrode coating area The negative electrode active material layer is coated, and the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery cell also includes a casing, and a receiving cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly is formed inside the casing.
  • the shell can protect the electrode assembly from the outside to prevent external foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the electrode assembly.
  • the casing is usually provided with a liquid injection hole, which connects the internal space and the external space of the casing.
  • the liquid injection equipment injects electrolyte into the interior of the casing through the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole needs to be sealed to ensure the negative pressure environment inside the housing and reduce the risk of outside gas and moisture entering the inside of the housing.
  • the sealing member includes a main body part and a connecting part surrounding the outer side of the main body part. At least part of the main body part protrudes from the surface of the connecting part facing the housing and is inserted into the liquid injection hole.
  • the connection part can be used to connect with the housing to seal the filling hole. The main part can be inserted into the liquid injection hole to position the seal during assembly, thereby simplifying the installation process of the seal.
  • connection between the main body part and the connecting part will form a structure similar to a rounded corner, and the surface of the rounded corner is inclined relative to the surface of the connecting part facing the housing.
  • the rounded surface may press against the shell, causing a gap to form between the connection part and the shell, affecting the connection strength between the connection part and the shell, and causing the risk of seal failure.
  • Stress will be generated when connecting the shell and the connecting part. The stress is concentrated at the connection between the shell and the connecting part, which will cause the risk of cracks in the connection between the shell and the connecting part, resulting in safety issues such as seal failure and electrolyte leakage. Hidden danger.
  • a battery cell which includes a casing, an electrode assembly, and a seal.
  • the casing is provided with an injection hole for injecting electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is contained in the housing.
  • the sealing member includes a main body, a transition part surrounding the outside of the main part, and a connecting part surrounding the transition part.
  • the connecting part is located on a side of the housing away from the electrode assembly, and at least part of the main part protrudes from a side of the connecting part facing the housing.
  • the first surface is accommodated in the liquid injection hole, and the connecting portion is connected to the shell to seal the liquid injection hole.
  • An escape groove is provided on the side of the transition part facing the shell.
  • the escape groove is recessed relative to the first surface and is arranged around the main body.
  • the groove wall of the escape groove connects the first surface and the surface of the main body; the main part is away from the liquid injection hole. There is a recess on one side.
  • the avoidance groove can separate the transition part from the casing, so as to reduce the risk of contact between the transition part and the casing, enable the connecting part to closely fit the casing, and improve the connection between the connecting part and the casing.
  • Strength and improved sealing can reduce the strength of the transition part, while the recessed part can reduce the strength of the main body part, which can make the transition part and the main part more easily deformed.
  • the stress generated is transferred to the transition part and the main part.
  • the transition part and the main part can release the stress through deformation, thereby reducing the stress concentration at the connection between the connecting part and the shell, and reducing the stress between the shell and the shell. Reduce the risk of cracks in the joints, improve sealing and improve safety.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of this application are suitable for batteries and electrical devices using the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly tools, etc.
  • Power tools and railway power tools such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application impose no special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case 5 and battery cells (not shown), and the battery cells are accommodated in the case 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 5a and a second box body part 5b.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the two box portions 5b jointly define an accommodating space 5c for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 5a is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box part 5b to form a receiving space 5c.
  • the box body 5; the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the opening side of the first box body part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box body part 5b , to form a box 5 having an accommodation space 5c.
  • the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 5a is covered with the top of the second box part 5b
  • the first box part 5a It can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box body part 5b can also be called a lower box body.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series or parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, multiple battery cells can also be connected in series or parallel first or A battery module 6 is formed by a mixed connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 there are multiple battery cells 7 , and the plurality of battery cells 7 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in Figure 4 at circular frame A
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application. Schematic cross-section of a body seal.
  • the battery cell 7 in the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 10 , a casing 20 and a seal 30 .
  • the housing 20 is provided with a liquid injection hole 21 for injecting electrolyte solution.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is contained in the housing 20 .
  • the seal 30 includes a main body 31 , a transition portion 32 surrounding the main body 31 , and a connecting portion 33 surrounding the transition portion 32 .
  • the connecting portion 33 is located on a side of the housing 20 facing away from the electrode assembly 10 . At least part of the main body part 31 protrudes from the first surface 33 a of the connecting part 33 facing the housing 20 and is received in the liquid filling hole 21 .
  • the connecting part 33 is connected to the housing 20 to seal the liquid filling hole 21 .
  • An escape groove 34 is provided on the side of the transition portion 32 facing the housing 20 .
  • the escape groove 34 is recessed relative to the first surface 33 a and is arranged around the main body 31 .
  • the groove wall 34 a of the escape groove 34 connects the first surface 33 a and the main body 31 . s surface.
  • a recess 35 is provided on the side of the main body 31 away from the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is the core component for realizing the charge and discharge function of the battery cell 7. It includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. The positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece have opposite polarities. The separator is used to connect the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece. The negative pole piece is insulated and isolated. The electrode assembly 10 mainly relies on metal ions in the positive It works by moving between the pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • Electrode assembly 10 There may be one electrode assembly 10 or multiple electrode components 10 . When there are multiple electrode assemblies 10 , the plurality of electrode assemblies 10 may be arranged in a stack.
  • the casing 20 has a hollow structure, and an accommodation cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 and the electrolyte is formed inside.
  • the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the liquid injection hole 21 communicates the internal space and the external space of the housing 20 .
  • the liquid injection device can inject electrolyte into the interior of the casing 20 through the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the seal 30 is used to cover the liquid injection hole 21 from the outside to seal the liquid injection hole 21 to ensure a negative pressure environment inside the housing 20 and reduce the risk of outside gas and moisture entering the inside of the housing 20 .
  • the connecting portion 33 has a first surface 33a facing the housing 20, and the first surface 33a is used to abut against the housing 20.
  • the connection between the connecting portion 33 and the housing 20 separates the liquid injection hole 21 from the space outside the seal 30 to achieve sealing of the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the connecting portion 33 can be connected to the housing 20 by welding or other methods.
  • the transition part 32 is connected between the main body part 31 and the connecting part 33 .
  • the thickness of the transition portion 32 may be greater than, less than, or equal to the thickness of the connecting portion 33 .
  • the main body part 31 may be entirely protruded from the first surface 33a, or may be only partially protruded from the first surface 33a, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the sealing member 30 is provided with an escape groove 34 that is recessed relative to the first surface 33a at a position corresponding to the transition portion 32 .
  • the escape groove 34 is an annular groove surrounding the main body 31 and disposed adjacent to the main body 31 .
  • the groove wall surface 34a of the escape groove 34 may be directly connected to the first surface 33a, or may be indirectly connected to the first surface 33a through other surfaces.
  • the groove wall surface 34a of the relief groove 34 is connected to the inner surface of the main body part 31.
  • the recess 35 is recessed in a direction closer to the liquid injection hole 21 relative to the surface of the main body 31 that is away from the liquid injection hole 34 .
  • the avoidance groove 34 can separate the transition portion 32 from the housing 20 to reduce the risk of contact between the transition portion 32 and the housing 20 , so that the connecting portion 33 can closely fit the housing 20 and improve the connection between the connecting portion 33 and the housing 20 . 20 between connection strength, improved sealing. Avoidance slot 34 can To reduce the strength of the transition portion 32, the recessed portion 35 can reduce the strength of the main body portion 31, which can make the transition portion 32 and the main body portion 31 more easily deformed.
  • the stress generated is transmitted to the transition part 32 and the main body part 31.
  • the transition part 32 and the main body part 31 can release the stress through deformation, thereby reducing the connection between the connecting part 33 and the housing 20.
  • the stress concentration at the joint reduces the risk of cracks at the connection between the housing 20 and the connecting portion 33, improves sealing, and improves safety.
  • the housing 20 includes a housing 22 having an opening and an end cap 23 covering the opening.
  • the housing 22 may have a structure with an opening on one side, and the end cover 23 is provided as one and covers the opening of the housing 22 .
  • the housing 22 may also have a structure with openings on both sides, and two end caps 23 are provided, and the two end caps 23 cover the two openings of the housing 22 respectively.
  • the end cap 23 is connected to the housing 22 by welding, bonding, snapping or other means.
  • the liquid injection hole 21 can be provided on the end cover 23 or on the housing 22 .
  • the liquid injection hole 21 is opened on the end cover 23 .
  • the battery cell 7 further includes two electrode terminals 40 , and the two electrode terminals 40 may be disposed on the end cap 23 .
  • the two electrode terminals 40 are respectively a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode terminal is used to electrically connect with the positive electrode piece of the electrode assembly 10
  • the negative electrode terminal is used to electrically connect with the negative electrode piece to lead the electric energy generated by the electrode assembly 10 to the outside of the housing 20 .
  • the ratio ⁇ between the size of the escape groove 34 and the size of the transition portion 32 is 0.01-0.5.
  • the size of the relief groove 34 along the thickness direction Z is the depth of the relief groove 34 .
  • the value of ⁇ is the smaller the depth of the escape groove 34 is, and the higher the risk of contact between the transition portion 32 and the housing 20 .
  • the larger the value of ⁇ the greater the restriction on the size of the transition portion 32; if the value of ⁇ is too large, the thickness of the transition portion 32 will be too small, and the battery cell 7 will easily crack when it is impacted by an external impact.
  • the value of ⁇ is limited to 0.01-0.5, so that the escape groove 34 can separate the transition portion 32 from the housing 20 while ensuring the strength of the transition portion 32 .
  • the depth of the escape groove 34 along the thickness direction Z is 0.05mm-0.5mm.
  • the size of the connecting portion 33 along the thickness direction Z is 0.1mm-5mm.
  • the transition portion 32 along the thickness direction Z The size is smaller than or equal to the size of the connecting portion 33 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the connecting part 33 is welded to the housing 20 and forms a first welding part W1 , and the first welding part W1 surrounds the outside of the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the first welding part W1 can separate the liquid injection hole 21 from the space outside the seal 30 to achieve sealing of the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the welding process is simple, which can not only achieve sealing, but also ensure the connection strength between the connecting part 33 and the housing 20 .
  • the surface of the transition portion 32 facing away from the housing 20 protrudes from the surface of the connecting portion 33 facing away from the housing 20 .
  • This embodiment can ensure the thickness and strength of the transition portion 32 when the escape groove 34 is provided, so as to reduce the risk of cracking of the transition portion 32 .
  • the transition portion 32 forms an arched structure that is convex on the outside and concave on the inside.
  • the arched structure has good elasticity and can release stress through deformation when the battery cell 7 is subjected to external impact, so as to reduce the gap between the casing 20 and the connecting portion 33 . reduce the risk of connection failure and improve security.
  • the heat and welding stress generated will be transmitted to the seal 30, and the seal 30 will expand and deform to a certain extent when heated; after the welding is completed, the seal 30 gradually cools and begins to retract. , thereby causing stress concentration on the first welding part W1 and causing the risk of tearing of the first welding part W1.
  • the transition part 32 with an arched structure in this embodiment can effectively release the welding stress through deformation to reduce the stress on the first welding part W1, reduce the risk of tearing of the first welding part W1, and improve sealing and safety. sex.
  • the main body part 31 includes a convex part 311 and a plate body part 312 .
  • the convex part 311 surrounds the outside of the plate body part 312 and is connected between the plate body part 312 and the transition part 32 .
  • the convex portion 311 protrudes from the first surface 33 a and the plate body 312 , and at least part of the convex portion 311 is accommodated in the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the recessed portion 35 is provided in the main body portion 31 at a position corresponding to the convex portion 311 .
  • the convex portion 311 can extend into the liquid injection hole 21 and cooperate with the hole wall of the liquid injection hole 21 to achieve the positioning of the seal 30, thereby simplifying the assembly. Craftsmanship.
  • the convex portion 311 protrudes from the plate body 312 , and the convex portion 311 forms a recess 35 on the side away from the liquid injection hole 21 in the thickness direction Z, so that the convex portion 311 forms an inwardly arched arch structure.
  • the convex portion 311 with an arched structure can deform to release stress when the battery cell 7 is subjected to an external impact, so as to reduce the risk of connection failure between the casing 20 and the connecting portion 33 and improve High security.
  • the convex portion 311 with an arched structure can effectively release the welding stress through deformation to reduce the stress on the first welding portion W1, reduce the risk of tearing of the first welding portion W1, and improve sealing and safety.
  • a positioning recess 312a is provided at the center of the surface of the plate body 312 facing away from the housing 20 .
  • the positioning recess 312a can be used as a positioning reference during the process of assembling the seal 30 and the housing 20 to improve the connection accuracy.
  • the welding equipment uses the positioning recess 312a as a reference and circles around the positioning recess 312a to weld the connecting part 33 to the housing 22 and form an annular first welding part W1.
  • the surface of the plate body portion 312 facing away from the housing 20 is flush with the surface of the connecting portion 33 facing away from the housing 20 . This embodiment can improve the flatness of the outside of the seal 30 .
  • seal 30 is made by extruding a flat plate.
  • the seal 30 forms a relief groove 34 and a recess 35 at the pressed position.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a sealing nail 50 , and the sealing nail 50 is inserted into the liquid filling hole 21 to seal the liquid filling hole 21 .
  • the sealing nail 50 is spaced apart from the sealing member 30 to reduce the risk of the sealing nail 50 interfering with the sealing member 30 .
  • the sealing nail 50 is pluggably connected to the housing 20 . After the battery cell 7 completes one injection of liquid, the sealing nail 50 is used to preliminarily seal the liquid injection hole 21 . After the battery cell 7 completes the formation process, the battery cell 7 needs to be injected with liquid a second time. At this time, the sealing nail 50 can be pulled out and liquid injected again.
  • the sealing nail 50 can temporarily seal during the production process of the battery cell 7 . After the processes related to the liquid injection hole 21 are completed, the sealing member 30 is welded to achieve final sealing of the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the sealing nail 50 is made of plastic.
  • Figure 7 is a partial top view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first welding part W1 is an annular structure surrounding the outside of the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • the connecting portion 33 is provided with a thinned area 331 , and the thinned area 331 is arranged around the outside of the first welding portion W1 .
  • the thinned area 331 is used to weld to the housing 20 and form a plurality of second welding parts W2 , and the plurality of second welding parts W2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main body part 31 .
  • the thickness of the thinned area 331 is smaller than the thickness of other areas of the connecting portion 33 .
  • the thinned area 331 may be located at the end of the connecting part 33 or in the middle of the connecting part 33, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • spot welding may be performed on the thinned area 331 in advance to form a plurality of second welding parts W2 .
  • the plurality of second welding parts W2 can pre-fix the sealing member 30 and the housing 20 to reduce the risk of the sealing member 30 shaking during the formation of the first welding part W1 and ensure the strength of the first welding part W1.
  • a thinned area 331 is provided on the connecting portion 33 to reduce the power required for spot welding.
  • the thinned area 331 is located at an end of the connecting portion 33 away from the main body portion 31 .
  • the thinned area 331 is formed by chamfering the end of the connecting portion 33 .
  • FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of the end cover of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the circular frame B in FIG. 5 .
  • the housing 20 includes a second surface 24 that offsets the first surface 33a.
  • the liquid injection hole 21 includes a guide section 211 , and the side wall 211 a of the guide section 211 is connected to the second surface 24 .
  • the hole diameter of the guide section 211 gradually decreases in the direction away from the second surface 24 .
  • At least part of the main body 31 is accommodated in the guide section 211 .
  • at least part of the protrusion 311 is received in the guide section 211 .
  • the guide section 211 of the liquid injection hole 21 has a tapered structure that is larger on the outside and smaller on the inside, which can guide the main body 31 of the seal 30 to extend into the liquid injection hole 21 during the assembly process to simplify the assembly process.
  • the main body 31 is provided with a third surface 31 a facing the side wall 211 a of the guide section 211 , the third surface 31 a is connected to the groove wall 34 a of the escape groove 34 , and the third surface 31 a is parallel to the liquid injection hole 21 axis.
  • the axis is parallel to the thickness direction Z of the connecting portion 33 .
  • the side wall 211a of the guide section 211 is a tapered surface
  • the third surface 31a is a cylindrical surface.
  • the edge of the end of the third surface 31a is used for It cooperates with the side wall 211a of the guide section 211 to achieve the positioning of the seal 30 .
  • this embodiment realizes positioning through the cooperation of edges and surfaces, which can reduce the risk of positioning failure caused by the accuracy of the surfaces.
  • the third surface 31a is a cylindrical surface
  • the side wall 211a of the guide section 211 is a conical surface
  • the liquid injection hole 21 further includes a mounting section 212 , and the mounting section 212 is provided inside the guide section 211 .
  • a sealing nail is inserted into the mounting section 212 .
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the surface of the transition portion 32 facing away from the housing 20 is flush with the surface of the connecting portion 33 facing away from the housing 20 .
  • This embodiment can avoid the transition portion 32 from increasing the maximum size of the sealing member 30 in the thickness direction Z, and reduce the risk of interference between the sealing member 30 and other components in the battery.
  • the present application also provides a battery, which includes a plurality of battery cells 7 of any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery cell 7 of any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery cell 7 is used to provide electric energy to the electrical device.
  • the power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using battery cells 7 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 7 , which includes an electrode assembly 10 , a casing 20 and a seal 30 .
  • the housing 20 includes a housing 22 and an end cover 23.
  • the housing 22 has an opening, and the end cover 23 covers the opening.
  • the end cap 23 is provided with an injection hole 21 for injecting electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is housed in the housing 20 .
  • the seal 30 includes a main body 31 , a transition portion 32 surrounding the main body 31 , and a connecting portion 33 surrounding the transition portion 32 .
  • the connecting portion 33 is located on a side of the housing 20 facing away from the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the main body part 31 includes a convex part 311 and a plate body part 312 .
  • the convex part 311 surrounds the outside of the plate body part 312 and is connected between the plate body part 312 and the transition part 32 .
  • the protruding portion 311 protrudes from the first surface 33 a of the connecting portion 33 facing the housing 20 and the plate body portion 312 , and at least one of the protruding portions 311 It is partially accommodated in the liquid injection hole 21.
  • the connecting part 33 is welded to the end cover 23 and forms a first welding part W1 to seal the liquid injection hole 21 .
  • An escape groove 34 is provided on the side of the transition portion 32 facing the housing 20 .
  • the escape groove 34 is recessed relative to the first surface 33 a and is arranged around the main body 31 .
  • the groove wall 34 a of the escape groove 34 connects the first surface 33 a and the main body 31 . s surface.
  • the main body part 31 forms a recessed part 35 at a position corresponding to the convex part 311 , and the recessed part 35 is recessed relative to the surface of the connecting part 33 away from the housing 20 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。本申请实施例的电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和密封件。外壳设有用于注入电解液的注液孔。电极组件容纳于外壳。密封件包括主体部、环绕在主体部外侧的过渡部和环绕在过渡部外侧的连接部，连接部位于外壳的背离电极组件的一侧，主体部的至少部分凸出于连接部的面向外壳的第一表面并容纳于注液孔，连接部连接于外壳，以密封注液孔。过渡部的面向外壳的一侧设有避让槽，避让槽相对于第一表面凹陷并环绕主体部设置，且避让槽的槽壁面连接第一表面和主体部的表面；主体部的背离注液孔的一侧设有凹部。本申请实施例能够改善注液孔的密封性，提高安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年3月17日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请202220589868.X的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高电池单体的安全性，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，其能提高电池单体的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件和密封件。外壳设有用于注入电解液的注液孔。电极组件容纳于外壳。密封件包括主体部、环绕在主体部外侧的过渡部和环绕在过渡部外侧的连接部，连接部位于外壳的背离电极组件的一侧，主体部的至少部分凸出于连接部的面向外壳的第一表面并容纳于注液孔，连接部连接于外壳，以密封注液 孔。过渡部的面向外壳的一侧设有避让槽，避让槽相对于第一表面凹陷并环绕主体部设置，且避让槽的槽壁面连接第一表面和主体部的表面；主体部的背离注液孔的一侧设有凹部。
在上述技术方案中，避让槽可以将过渡部与外壳隔开，以降低过渡部与外壳接触的风险，使连接部能够与外壳紧密贴合，提高连接部与外壳之间的连接强度，改善密封性。避让槽可以降低过渡部的强度，而凹部可以降低主体部的强度，这样可以使过渡部和主体部更容易变形。在连接外壳和连接部的过程中，产生的应力传递到过渡部和主体部，过渡部和主体部能够通过变形来释放应力，从而减小连接部与外壳的连接处的应力集中，降低外壳与连接部的连接处产生裂纹的风险，改善密封性，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，过渡部的背离外壳的表面与连接部的背离外壳的表面齐平，以避免过渡部增大密封件在厚度方向上的最大尺寸，降低密封件与电池中的其它构件干涉的风险。
在一些实施方式中，过渡部的背离外壳的表面凸出于连接部的背离外壳的表面。
在上述技术方案中，在开设避让槽的情况下，可保证过渡部的厚度和强度，以降低过渡部开裂的风险。过渡部形成外凸内凹的拱形结构，而拱形机构具有较好的弹性，其能够在电池单体受到外部冲击时通过变形来释放应力，以降低外壳与连接部之间的连接失效的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，连接部焊接于外壳并形成第一焊接部，第一焊接部环绕在注液孔的外侧。
在上述技术方案中，第一焊接部可以将注液孔与密封件外侧的空间隔开，以实现注液孔的密封。焊接工艺简单，其既可以实现密封，还能够保证连接部与外壳之间的连接强度。
在一些实施方式中，连接部设有减薄区，减薄区环绕第一焊接部的外侧设置。减薄区用于焊接于外壳并形成多个第二焊接部，多个第二焊接部沿主体部的周向间隔设置。
在上述技术方案中，在装配密封件和外壳时，可以预先在减薄区 上进行点焊，以形成多个第二焊接部。多个第二焊接部可以将密封件与外壳进行预固定，以在形成第一焊接部的过程中降低密封件晃动的风险，保证第一焊接部的强度。本技术方案通过在连接部上设置减薄区，以减小点焊所需的功率。
在一些实施方式中，外壳包括与第一表面相抵的第二表面。注液孔包括导向段，导向段的侧壁连接于第二表面；导向段的孔径沿远离第二表面的方向逐渐减小。
在上述技术方案中，注液孔的导向段具有外大内小的锥形结构，其可以在装配过程中引导密封件的主体部伸入注液孔，以简化装配工艺。
在一些实施方式中，主体部设有面向导向段的侧壁的第三表面，第三表面连接于避让槽的槽壁面，且第三表面平行于注液孔的轴线。
在上述技术方案中，导向段的侧壁为锥形面，第三表面为柱形面，在主体部***导向段的过程中，第三表面端部的棱边用于与导向段的侧壁进行配合，以实现密封件的定位。相对于通过面面配合实现定位的方式，本实施例通过棱边与面的配合实现定位，可以降低因面的精度而引发定位失效的风险。
在一些实施方式中，主体部包括凸部和板体部，凸部环绕在板体部的外侧并连接于板体部和过渡部之间。凸部凸出于第一表面和板体部，凸部的至少部分容纳于注液孔。凹部设于主体部的与凸部相对应的位置。
在上述技术方案中，在装配外壳和密封件的过程中，凸部能够伸入注液孔并与注液孔的孔壁配合，以实现密封件的定位，从而简化装配工艺。凸部凸出于板体部，且凸部在厚度方向上的背离注液孔的一侧形成凹部，以使凸部形成向内拱起的拱形结构。具有拱形结构的凸部能够在电池单体受到外部冲击时通过变形来释放应力，以降低外壳与连接部之间的连接失效的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，板体部的背离外壳的表面的中心处设有定位凹部。
在上述技术方案中，定位凹部可以在装配密封件和外壳的过程中作为定位基准，以提高连接精度。
在一些实施方式中，板体部的背离外壳的表面与连接部的背离外壳的表面齐平，以改善密封件外侧的平整性。
在一些实施方式中，在连接部的厚度方向上，避让槽的尺寸与过渡部的尺寸之比α为0.01-0.5。
在上述技术方案中，α的值越小，避让槽的深度越小，过渡部与外壳接触的风险越高。α的值越大，过渡部的尺寸受到的限制越大；如果α的值过大，将造成过渡部的厚度偏小，在电池单体受到外部冲击时容易开裂。本申请实施例将α的值限定在0.01-0.5，以在保证过渡部的强度的前提下，使避让槽能够将过渡部和外壳间隔开。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第一方面任一实施方式的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，其包括第一方面任一实施方式的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的***示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的***示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体在圆框A处的放大示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的密封件的剖视示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的局部俯视示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的端盖的局部剖视示意图；
图9为图5在圆框B处的放大示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的密封件的剖视示意图。
具体实施方式的附图标记如下：
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；
5、箱体；5a、第一箱体部；5b、第二箱体部；5c、容纳空间；
6、电池模块；7、电池单体；
10、电极组件；
20、外壳；21、注液孔；211、导向段；211a、侧壁；212、安装段；22、壳体；23、端盖；24、第二表面；
30、密封件；31、主体部；311、凸部；31a、第三表面；312、板体部；312a、定位凹部；32、过渡部；33、连接部；331、减薄区；33a、第一表面；34、避让槽；34a、槽壁面；35、凹部；
40、电极端子；50、密封钉；
W1、第一焊接部；W2、第二焊接部；Z、厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和 “具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体 的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极涂覆区和连接于正极涂覆区的正极极耳，正极涂覆区涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极涂覆区和连接于负极涂覆区的负极极耳，负极涂覆区涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括外壳，外壳内部形成用于容纳电极组件的容纳腔。外壳可以从外侧保护电极组件，以避免外部的异物影响电极组件的充电或放电。
外壳上通常开设有注液孔，注液孔将外壳的内部空间和外部空间连通。在电池单体的生产过程中，注液设备通过注液孔向外壳的内部注入电解液。当与注液孔相关的工序完成后，需要对注液孔进行密封，以保证外壳内部的负压环境，并降低外界气体和水分进入外壳内部的风险。
在相关技术中，外壳上安装有密封件，密封件连接于外壳并覆盖注液孔，以将注液孔密封。为了便于对密封件进行定位，发明人对密封件的结构作出改进。具体地，密封件包括主体部和环绕在主体部外侧的连接部，主体部的至少部分凸出于连接部的面向外壳的表面并***到注液孔内。连接部可用于与外壳连接，以密封注液孔。主体部可以***到注液孔内，以在装配密封件的过程中对密封件进行定位，以简化密封件的安装工艺。
然而，发明人发现，由于工艺原因，主体部和连接部的连接处会形成类似圆角的结构，而圆角的表面相对于连接部的面向外壳的表面倾斜。 在装配密封件的过程中，圆角的表面可能会抵压在外壳上，造成连接部与外壳之间形成间隙，影响连接部与外壳之间的连接强度，引发密封失效的风险。在连接外壳和连接部时会产生应力，应力集中在外壳与连接部之间的连接处，会引发外壳与连接部之间的连接处产生裂纹的风险，从而造成密封失效、电解液泄露等安全隐患。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，其包括外壳、电极组件以及密封件。外壳设有用于注入电解液的注液孔。电极组件容纳于外壳。密封件包括主体部、环绕在主体部外侧的过渡部和环绕在过渡部外侧的连接部，连接部位于外壳的背离电极组件的一侧，主体部的至少部分凸出于连接部的面向外壳的第一表面并容纳于注液孔，连接部连接于外壳，以密封注液孔。过渡部的面向外壳的一侧设有避让槽，避让槽相对于第一表面凹陷并环绕主体部设置，且避让槽的槽壁面连接第一表面和主体部的表面；主体部的背离注液孔的一侧设有凹部。
在本实施例的电池单体中，避让槽可以将过渡部与外壳隔开，以降低过渡部与外壳接触的风险，使连接部能够与外壳紧密贴合，提高连接部与外壳之间的连接强度，改善密封性。避让槽可以降低过渡部的强度，而凹部可以降低主体部的强度，这样可以使过渡部和主体部更容易变形。在连接外壳和连接部的过程中，产生的应力传递到过渡部和主体部，过渡部和主体部能够通过变形来释放应力，从而减小连接部与外壳的连接处的应力集中，降低外壳与连接部的连接处产生裂纹的风险，改善密封性，提高安全性。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池单体的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配 电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的***示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体(未示出)，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a 亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2所示的电池模块的***示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；图5为图4所示的电池单体在圆框A处的放大示意图；图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的密封件的剖视示意图。
如图4至图6所示，本申请实施例的电池单体7包括电极组件10、外壳20以及密封件30。外壳20设有用于注入电解液的注液孔21。电极组件10容纳于外壳20内。密封件30包括主体部31、环绕在主体部31外侧的过渡部32和环绕在过渡部32外侧的连接部33。连接部33位于外壳20的背离电极组件10的一侧。主体部31的至少部分凸出于连接部33的面向外壳20的第一表面33a并容纳于注液孔21，连接部33连接于外壳20，以密封注液孔21。过渡部32的面向外壳20的一侧设有避让槽34，避让槽34相对于第一表面33a凹陷并环绕主体部31设置，且避让槽34的槽壁面34a连接第一表面33a和主体部31的表面。主体部31的背离注液孔21的一侧设有凹部35。
电极组件10为电池单体7实现充放电功能的核心部件，其包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件，正极极片和负极极片的极性相反，隔离件用于将正极极片和负极极片绝缘隔离。电极组件10主要依靠金属离子在正 极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。
电极组件10可以为一个，也可以为多个。当电极组件10为多个时，多个电极组件10可以层叠布置。
外壳20为空心结构，其内部形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。外壳20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体外壳；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体外壳。
注液孔21将外壳20的内部空间和外部空间连通。在电池单体7的生产过程中，注液设备可通过注液孔21向外壳20的内部注入电解液。
密封件30用于从外侧覆盖注液孔21，以密封注液孔21，保证外壳20内部的负压环境，并降低外界气体和水分进入外壳20内部的风险。
连接部33具有面向外壳20的第一表面33a，第一表面33a用于与外壳20相抵。连接部33与外壳20之间的连接处将注液孔21与密封件30外侧的空间隔开，以实现注液孔21的密封。连接部33可以通过焊接或其它方式连接于外壳20。
过渡部32连接于主体部31和连接部33之间。过渡部32的厚度可以大于、小于或等于连接部33的厚度。
主体部31可以整体凸出于第一表面33a，也可以仅部分凸出于第一表面33a，本实施例对此不作限制。
密封件30在与过渡部32相对应的位置设有相对于第一表面33a凹陷的避让槽34。避让槽34为环绕主体部31并与主体部31相邻设置的环形凹槽。避让槽34的槽壁面34a可以直接连接于第一表面33a，也可以通过其它表面间接地连接于第一表面33a。避让槽34的槽壁面34a连接于主体部31内侧的表面。凹部35相对于主体部31的背离注液孔34的表面朝靠近注液孔21的方向凹陷。
在本实施例中，避让槽34可以将过渡部32与外壳20隔开，以降低过渡部32与外壳20接触的风险，使连接部33能够与外壳20紧密贴合，提高连接部33与外壳20之间的连接强度，改善密封性。避让槽34可 以降低过渡部32的强度，而凹部35可以降低主体部31的强度，这样可以使过渡部32和主体部31更容易变形。在连接外壳20和连接部33的过程中，产生的应力传递到过渡部32和主体部31，过渡部32和主体部31能够通过变形来释放应力，从而减小连接部33与外壳20的连接处的应力集中，降低外壳20与连接部33的连接处产生裂纹的风险，改善密封性，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体22和端盖23，壳体22具有开口，端盖23盖合于开口。
壳体22可为一侧开口的结构，端盖23设置为一个并盖合于壳体22的开口。可替代地，壳体22也可为两侧开口的结构，端盖23设置为两个，两个端盖23分别盖合于壳体22的两个开口。
示例性地，端盖23通过焊接、粘接、卡接或其它方式连接于壳体22。
注液孔21可以开设在端盖23上，也可以开设在壳体22上。示例性地，注液孔21开设在端盖23上。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括两个电极端子40，两个电极端子40可以设置在端盖23上。两个电极端子40分别为正电极端子和负电极端子。正电极端子用于与电极组件10的正极极片电连接，负电极端子用于与负极极片电连接，以将电极组件10产生的电能引出到外壳20外。
在一些实施例中，在连接部33的厚度方向Z上，避让槽34的尺寸与过渡部32的尺寸之比α为0.01-0.5。
避让槽34沿厚度方向Z的尺寸为避让槽34的深度。
α的值越小，避让槽34的深度越小，过渡部32与外壳20接触的风险越高。α的值越大，过渡部32的尺寸受到的限制越大；如果α的值过大，将造成过渡部32的厚度偏小，在电池单体7受到外部冲击时容易开裂。本申请实施例将α的值限定在0.01-0.5，以在保证过渡部32的强度的前提下，使避让槽34能够将过渡部32和外壳20间隔开。
在一些实施例中，避让槽34沿厚度方向Z的深度为0.05mm-0.5mm。连接部33沿厚度方向Z的尺寸为0.1mm-5mm。过渡部32沿厚度方向Z的 尺寸小于或等于连接部33沿厚度方向Z的尺寸。
在一些实施例中，连接部33焊接于外壳20并形成第一焊接部W1，第一焊接部W1环绕在注液孔21的外侧。
在本实施例中，第一焊接部W1可以将注液孔21与密封件30外侧的空间隔开，以实现注液孔21的密封。焊接工艺简单，其既可以实现密封，还能够保证连接部33与外壳20之间的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，过渡部32的背离外壳20的表面凸出于连接部33的背离外壳20的表面。
本实施例能够在开设避让槽34的情况下，保证过渡部32的厚度和强度，以降低过渡部32开裂的风险。过渡部32形成外凸内凹的拱形结构，而拱形机构具有较好的弹性，其能够在电池单体7受到外部冲击时通过变形来释放应力，以降低外壳20与连接部33之间的连接失效的风险，提高安全性。
在焊接连接部33和外壳20的过程中，产生的热量和焊接应力会传导至密封件30上，密封件30受热产生一定程度的膨胀变形；焊接完成后，密封件30逐渐冷却并开始回缩，从而造成第一焊接部W1上产生应力集中，引发第一焊接部W1撕裂的风险。本实施例的具有拱形结构的过渡部32能够通过变形有效地释放焊接应力，以减小第一焊接部W1上受到的应力，降低第一焊接部W1撕裂的风险，提高密封性和安全性。
在一些实施例中，主体部31包括凸部311和板体部312，凸部311环绕在板体部312的外侧并连接于板体部312和过渡部32之间。凸部311凸出于第一表面33a和板体部312，凸部311的至少部分容纳于注液孔21。凹部35设于主体部31的与凸部311相对应的位置。
在本实施例中，在装配外壳20和密封件30的过程中，凸部311能够伸入注液孔21并与注液孔21的孔壁配合，以实现密封件30的定位，从而简化装配工艺。凸部311凸出于板体部312，且凸部311在厚度方向Z上的背离注液孔21的一侧形成凹部35，以使凸部311形成向内拱起的拱形结构。具有拱形结构的凸部311能够在电池单体7受到外部冲击时通过变形来释放应力，以降低外壳20与连接部33之间的连接失效的风险，提 高安全性。
具有拱形结构的凸部311能够通过变形有效地释放焊接应力，以减小第一焊接部W1上受到的应力，降低第一焊接部W1撕裂的风险，提高密封性和安全性。
在一些实施例中，板体部312的背离外壳20的表面的中心处设有定位凹部312a。
在本实施例中，定位凹部312a可以在装配密封件30和外壳20的过程中作为定位基准，以提高连接精度。
示例性的，焊接设备检测到定位凹部312a后以定位凹部312a为基准，绕定位凹部312a环绕一周，以将连接部33焊接于壳体22并形成环状的第一焊接部W1。
在一些实施例中，板体部312的背离外壳20的表面与连接部33的背离外壳20的表面齐平。本实施例可以改善密封件30外侧的平整性。
在一些实施例中，密封件30通过挤压平板制成。密封件30在被挤压的位置形成避让槽34和凹部35。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括密封钉50，密封钉50***到注液孔21内以密封注液孔21。在厚度方向Z上，密封钉50与密封件30间隔设置，以降低密封钉50干涉密封件30的风险。
密封钉50以可插拔的方式连接于外壳20。在电池单体7完成一次注液后，利用密封钉50将注液孔21初步密封。当电池单体7完成化成工序后，需要对电池单体7进行二次注液，此时，可以拔出密封钉50并再次进行注液。
密封钉50可以在电池单体7的生产过程中起到暂时密封的作用。当与注液孔21相关的工序完成后，再焊接密封件30，以实现注液孔21的最终密封。
在一些实施例中，密封钉50的材质为塑胶。
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的局部俯视示意图。
请一并参照图5至图7，在一些实施例中，第一焊接部W1为环绕在注液孔21的外侧的环形结构。
在一些实施例中，连接部33设有减薄区331，减薄区331环绕第一焊接部W1的外侧设置。减薄区331用于焊接于外壳20并形成多个第二焊接部W2，多个第二焊接部W2沿主体部31的周向间隔设置。
减薄区331的厚度小于连接部33的其它区域的厚度。减薄区331可以位于连接部33的端部，也可以位于连接部33的中部，本实施例对此不作限制。
在装配密封件30和外壳20时，可以预先在减薄区331上进行点焊，以形成多个第二焊接部W2。多个第二焊接部W2可以将密封件30与外壳20进行预固定，以在形成第一焊接部W1的过程中降低密封件30晃动的风险，保证第一焊接部W1的强度。本实施例通过在连接部33上设置减薄区331，以减小点焊所需的功率。
在一些实施例中，减薄区331位于连接部33的远离主体部31的端部。可选地，本实施例通过在连接部33的端部开设倒角来形成减薄区331。
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的端盖的局部剖视示意图；图9为图5在圆框B处的放大示意图。
如图8和图9所示，在一些实施例中，外壳20包括与第一表面33a相抵的第二表面24。注液孔21包括导向段211，导向段211的侧壁211a连接于第二表面24。导向段211的孔径沿远离第二表面24的方向逐渐减小。
主体部31的至少部分容纳于导向段211内。示例性地，凸部311的至少部分容纳于导向段211内。
在本实施例中，注液孔21的导向段211具有外大内小的锥形结构，其可以在装配过程中引导密封件30的主体部31伸入注液孔21，以简化装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，主体部31设有面向导向段211的侧壁211a的第三表面31a，第三表面31a连接于避让槽34的槽壁面34a，且第三表面31a平行于注液孔21的轴线。
示例性地，轴线平行于连接部33的厚度方向Z。
在本实施例中，导向段211的侧壁211a为锥形面，第三表面31a为柱形面，在主体部31***导向段211的过程中，第三表面31a端部的棱边用于与导向段211的侧壁211a进行配合，以实现密封件30的定位。相对于通过面面配合实现定位的方式，本实施例通过棱边与面的配合实现定位，可以降低因面的精度而引发定位失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，第三表面31a为圆柱面，导向段211的侧壁211a为圆锥面。
在一些实施例中，注液孔21还包括安装段212，安装段212设于导向段211的内侧。示例性地，密封钉***安装段212。
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的密封件的剖视示意图。
如图10所示，在一些实施例中，过渡部32的背离外壳20的表面与连接部33的背离外壳20的表面齐平。本实施例可以避免过渡部32增大密封件30在厚度方向Z上的最大尺寸，降低密封件30与电池中的其它构件干涉的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，其包括多个以上任一实施例的电池单体7。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电装置，包括以上任一实施例的电池单体7，电池单体7用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池单体7的设备或***。
参照图4至图6，本申请提供了一种电池单体7，其包括电极组件10、外壳20以及密封件30。外壳20包括壳体22和端盖23，壳体22具有开口，端盖23盖合于开口。端盖23设有用于注入电解液的注液孔21。电极组件10容纳于外壳20。
密封件30包括主体部31、环绕在主体部31外侧的过渡部32和环绕在过渡部32外侧的连接部33。连接部33位于外壳20的背离电极组件10的一侧。主体部31包括凸部311和板体部312，凸部311环绕在板体部312的外侧并连接于板体部312和过渡部32之间。凸部311凸出于连接部33的面向外壳20的第一表面33a和板体部312，且凸部311的至少 部分容纳于注液孔21。连接部33焊接于端盖23并形成第一焊接部W1，以密封注液孔21。
过渡部32的面向外壳20的一侧设有避让槽34，避让槽34相对于第一表面33a凹陷并环绕主体部31设置，且避让槽34的槽壁面34a连接第一表面33a和主体部31的表面。主体部31在与凸部311相对应的位置形成凹部35，凹部35相对于连接部33的背离外壳20的表面凹陷。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，设有用于注入电解液的注液孔；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳；以及
    密封件，包括主体部、环绕在所述主体部外侧的过渡部和环绕在所述过渡部外侧的连接部，所述连接部位于所述外壳的背离所述电极组件的一侧，所述主体部的至少部分凸出于所述连接部的面向所述外壳的第一表面并容纳于所述注液孔，所述连接部连接于所述外壳，以密封所述注液孔；
    其中，所述过渡部的面向所述外壳的一侧设有避让槽，所述避让槽相对于所述第一表面凹陷并环绕所述主体部设置，且所述避让槽的槽壁面连接所述第一表面和所述主体部的表面；所述主体部的背离所述注液孔的一侧设有凹部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述过渡部的背离所述外壳的表面与所述连接部的背离所述外壳的表面齐平。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述过渡部的背离所述外壳的表面凸出于所述连接部的背离所述外壳的表面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述连接部焊接于所述外壳并形成第一焊接部，所述第一焊接部环绕在所述注液孔的外侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述连接部设有减薄区，所述减薄区环绕所述第一焊接部的外侧设置；
    所述减薄区用于焊接于所述外壳并形成多个第二焊接部，多个所述第二焊接部沿所述主体部的周向间隔设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括与所述第一表面相抵的第二表面；
    所述注液孔包括导向段，所述导向段的侧壁连接于所述第二表面；所述导向段的孔径沿远离所述第二表面的方向逐渐减小。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述主体部设有面向所述导向段的侧壁的第三表面，所述第三表面连接于所述避让槽的槽壁面，且所述第三表面平行于所述注液孔的轴线。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述主体部包括凸部和板体部，所述凸部环绕在所述板体部的外侧并连接于所述板体部和所述过渡部之间；
    所述凸部凸出于所述第一表面和所述板体部，所述凸部的至少部分容纳于所述注液孔；
    所述凹部设于所述主体部的与所述凸部相对应的位置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述板体部的背离所述外壳的表面的中心处设有定位凹部。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述板体部的背离所述外壳的表面与所述连接部的背离所述外壳的表面齐平。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，在所述连接部的厚度方向上，所述避让槽的尺寸与所述过渡部的尺寸之比为0.01-0.5。
  12. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/078644 2022-03-17 2023-02-28 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2023174047A1 (zh)

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WO2023221095A1 (zh) * 2022-05-20 2023-11-23 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备
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