WO2023122877A1 - 一种聚酰胺及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种聚酰胺及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2023122877A1
WO2023122877A1 PCT/CN2021/141599 CN2021141599W WO2023122877A1 WO 2023122877 A1 WO2023122877 A1 WO 2023122877A1 CN 2021141599 W CN2021141599 W CN 2021141599W WO 2023122877 A1 WO2023122877 A1 WO 2023122877A1
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acid
polyamide
mol
bis
diacid
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PCT/CN2021/141599
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵威
秦兵兵
刘修才
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上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司
Cibt美国公司
凯赛(金乡)生物材料有限公司
凯赛(乌苏)生物材料有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/141599 priority Critical patent/WO2023122877A1/zh
Publication of WO2023122877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023122877A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/26Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/26Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/28Preparatory processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/06Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polyamide, in particular to a polyamide with high light transmittance and excellent mechanical properties, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Polyamide has excellent mechanical properties and molding properties, and is widely used in the processing of auto parts, parts of electrical and electronic equipment, spectacle frames, spectacle lenses or other lenses, and cups/bottles for drinking water treatment.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • Polyamide macromolecules contain extremely strong amide groups, as well as terminal amino and carboxyl groups. These groups have strong interactions and are very easy to form hydrogen bonds, which makes it easy to highly crystallize and form polyamides.
  • the size of the spherulites tends to be relatively large, larger than the wavelength of visible light (400-700nm), which makes it opaque.
  • amorphous polyamide can be prepared by reducing the degree of crystallinity; reducing the crystal size to the wavelength range of visible light; optimizing blending, copolymerization and other methods to make the refractive index of the crystal region and the amorphous region similar, etc.
  • these methods may cause the loss of other properties, such as the inhibition of crystallization will lead to a decrease in the hardness of polyamide, a decrease in heat distortion temperature, and even loss of use value.
  • the synthesis of transparent polyamides is mainly based on dibasic acids with even-numbered carbons, such as the transparent polyamides of the TR55 and TR90 grades of EMS Company, the dibasic acids used are all dodecane dibasic acids, Arkema's
  • the polyamides of G350 and G830 grades use tetradecanedioic acid and sebacic acid respectively, and the polyamides of Bayer’s T40 grade and BASF’s KR4601 grade polyamide use adipic acid; the amine monomers used except containing In addition to the cyclic aliphatic amines with side groups, it is basically hexamethylene diamine or p-phenylenediamine with even number of carbons.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a polyamide formed from the following components: (A) diamine, (B) diacid and (C) additive;
  • diamine Based on the total molar weight of diamine, diamine consists of the following components:
  • the diacid Based on the total molar weight of the diacid, the diacid consists of the following components:
  • the total molar amount of the components (A), (B) and (C) is 100 mole %.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a polyamide, wherein the molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) is (0.6-3):1.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a polyamide, the polyamide has a glass transition temperature of 130-165°C; a heat distortion temperature of 90-130°C; and a relative viscosity of 1.5-3.5, more preferably 2.3-2.5.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a polyamide, the light transmittance of the polyamide is above 85%, preferably above 90%; the haze is below 3.0%, preferably below 2.0%; the tensile strength is above 80Mpa , and more preferably above 85Mpa; tensile modulus above 2000MPa, bending strength above 100MPa, bending modulus above 2000Mpa, notched impact strength above 10KJ/m 2 .
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing polyamide, comprising the following steps: under an inert gas atmosphere, controlling the molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) to be (0.6-3):1, and mixing the component Mix (A), component (B) with water to prepare a polyamide salt solution with a mass concentration of 40-75 wt%, and control the pH value to 7.0-8.8;
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a use of the above-mentioned polyamide as a raw material for components or moldings of: machines, automobiles, household appliances, toys, sporting goods, mobile phones, computers, portable Components of computers, GPS units, MP3 players, cameras, optical devices or combinations thereof; said molded articles include spectacle frames, spectacle lenses or other lenses, binoculars, windows for heating systems in direct contact with oil, Filter cups for drinking water treatment, feeding bottles, carbonation bottles, pottery, gas or liquid flow meters, clock cases, watch cases, lamp covers or reflectors for car lights, or components thereof.
  • the polyamide prepared by this application has excellent transparency, toughness, and impact resistance, and also has very good tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, which greatly broadens the use scenarios of transparent polyamides .
  • the present invention provides a polyamide formed from (A) a diamine, (B) a diacid and (C) an additive;
  • the diamines consist of the following components: (a1) 30 to 74 mole percent pentamethylenediamine, (a2) 26 to 70 mole percent diamines containing alicyclic rings;
  • the diacid is composed of the following components: (b1) 10 to 90 mole % of aliphatic diacids, (b2) 10 to 90 mole % of diacids containing benzene rings;
  • the total molar amount of the components (A), (B) and (C) is 100 mole %.
  • the molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) is (0.6-3):1, further (0.6-1.6):1, and further (0.9-1.3):1,
  • the most advanced is (1 ⁇ 1.05):1, for example, 1:1, 1.05:1, 1.1:1, 1.15:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.8:1, 2:1, 2.3 :1, 2.5:1, 3:1.
  • the diamines consist of the following components: (a1) 30-70 mol% pentamethylenediamine, (a2) 30-70 mol% diamines containing alicyclic rings.
  • the diacid is composed of the following components: (b1) 30 to 90 mol% of aliphatic diacids, (b2) 10 to 70 mol% of diacids containing benzene rings .
  • the diacid is composed of the following components: (b1) 10 to 50 mole % of aliphatic diacids, (b2) 50 to 90 mole % of diacids containing benzene rings .
  • the diacid is composed of the following components: (b1) 10 to 70 mole % of aliphatic diacids, (b2) 30 to 90 mole % of diacids containing benzene rings .
  • the diacid is composed of the following components: (b1) 50 to 70 mole % of aliphatic diacids, (b2) 30 to 50 mole % of diacids containing benzene rings .
  • pentamethylenediamine can be prepared from bio-based raw materials through fermentation or enzymatic conversion.
  • the (a2) diamines containing alicyclic rings include but are not limited to bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane (MACM), bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM ), 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane (PACP), 2,2-bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)propane (MACP), bis(4-amino-3-ethane 2,2-bis(4-amino-3-ethylcyclohexyl)methane (EACM), 2,2-bis(4-amino-3-ethylcyclohexyl)propane (EACP), bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methane (TMACM ), 2,2-bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methane (TMACP) or mixtures
  • the (b1) aliphatic diacids include, but are not limited to, one or more of aliphatic diacids containing 4-18 carbon atoms, specifically for example containing 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon-atom aliphatic dibasic acids.
  • the dibasic acid comprises at least any one of aliphatic dibasic acids containing 4-9 carbon atoms and any one of aliphatic dibasic acids containing 10-18 carbon atoms
  • the dibasic acid contains at least any one of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, and azelaic acid, and includes sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid , dodecane dibasic acid, thirteen carbon dibasic acid, fourteen carbon dibasic acid, pentadecane dibasic acid, sixteen carbon dibasic acid, seventeen carbon dibasic acid, octadecane dibasic acid any of the
  • the molar ratio of the aliphatic dibasic acid containing 4-9 carbon atoms to the aliphatic dibasic acid containing 10-18 carbon atoms in the dibasic acid is 0-50:10-100 , more preferably 0-30:15-60, still more preferably 7-30:15-60.
  • the dibasic acid contains at least one aliphatic dibasic acid containing an odd number of carbon atoms and one aliphatic dibasic acid containing an even number of carbon atoms, for example, the dibasic acid contains at least Any one of glutaric acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, undecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, heptadecandioic acid, and also Contains any one of succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, hexadecandioic acid, octadecanedioic acid Elemental acid.
  • the (b1) aliphatic diacids include but not limited to succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid Dibasic acid, dodecane dibasic acid, thirteen carbon dibasic acid, fourteen carbon dibasic acid, pentadecane dibasic acid, sixteen carbon dibasic acid, seventeen carbon dibasic acid, octadecane dibasic acid One or more of the basic acids.
  • the (b2) diacids containing benzene rings include but not limited to one or more of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and phthalic acid.
  • the (b2) diacid containing a benzene ring is a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
  • the molar ratio of terephthalic acid to isophthalic acid in (b2) diacids containing benzene rings is 10-99:1-90, more preferably 25-70:30-60, More preferably, it is 30-60:10-20.
  • the polyamide is formed from (A) a diamine, (B) a diacid, and (C) an additive;
  • diamine Based on the total molar weight of diamine, diamine consists of the following components:
  • the diacid Based on the total molar weight of the diacid, the diacid consists of the following components:
  • the total molar amount of the components (A), (B) and (C) is 100 mole %.
  • the molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) is (0.6-3):1, further (0.6-1.6):1, and further (0.9-1.3):1,
  • the most advanced is (1 ⁇ 1.05):1, for example, 1:1, 1.05:1, 1.1:1, 1.15:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.8:1, 2:1, 2.3 :1, 2.5:1, 3:1.
  • the (C) additive is selected from UV stabilizers; heat stabilizers, preferably including phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate , sodium hypophosphite, zinc hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite in one or more; crystallization accelerator, preferably comprises long carbon chain carboxylic acid metal salt, and the number of carbon atoms that long carbon chain carboxylic acid comprises is preferably 10 to 30, the metal preferably includes one or more of calcium, magnesium, and zinc, for example, it can be long-carbon chain carboxylic acid calcium salt, long-carbon chain carboxylic acid magnesium salt or long-carbon chain carboxylic acid zinc salt, and then Can be one or more of calcium dodecanoate, sodium myristate, calcium heptadecanoate, calcium octadecanoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium
  • the additive content of component (C) is 0.001 to 30 mol%.
  • the additive content of component (C) is 0.001 to 10 mol%.
  • the additive content of component (C) is 0.001 to 5 mol%.
  • the additive content of component (C) is 0.001 to 2 mol%.
  • the content of the component (C) additive is 0.001 to 1 mol%.
  • the component (C) additive contains at least 0.001 to 0.5 mol% of a heat stabilizer, and the heat stabilizer Preferably one or more of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, sodium hypophosphite, zinc hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite kind.
  • the component (C) additive contains at least 0.001 to 0.5 mol% of a crystallization accelerator, and the crystallization accelerator It is preferably one or more of calcium dodecanoate, sodium myristate, calcium heptadecanoate, calcium octadecanoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium tetradecyl sulfate.
  • the component (a2) is bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane (MACM) or bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM).
  • the component (a2) contains bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane (MACM) and bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM), and the combination of MACM and PACM
  • the molar ratio is 30-50:0-20.
  • the molar ratio of the component (b1) to the component (b2) is 20-60:40-80, more preferably 30-60:40-70.
  • the molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) is controlled to be (0.6-3): 1, and component (A), component (B) mixing with water to prepare a polyamide salt solution with a mass concentration of 40-75 wt%, and controlling the pH value to be 7.0-8.8;
  • the molar ratio of component (A) to component (B) is (0.6-3):1, further (0.6-1.6):1, and further (0.9-1.3):1,
  • the most advanced is (1 ⁇ 1.05):1, for example, 1:1, 1.05:1, 1.1:1, 1.15:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.8:1, 2:1, 2.3 :1, 2.5:1, 3:1.
  • the concentration of the polyamide salt solution may be 45wt%, 50wt%, 55wt%, 60wt%, 65wt%, 70wt% or 75wt%.
  • the inert gas includes nitrogen, argon or helium.
  • pentamethylenediamine is used to adjust the pH.
  • the pressure is maintained for 0.5 to 6 hours after the pressurization or decompression, specifically 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours or 6 hours.
  • the pressure is reduced to 0-0.1Mpa afterward, and the temperature can be 251°C, 252°C, 253°C, 254°C, 255°C, 256°C, 257°C, 258°C, 259°C, 260°C, 261°C , 262°C, 263°C, 264°C, 265°C, 266°C, 267°C, 268°C, 269°C, 270°C, 271°C, 272°C, 273°C or 274°C.
  • the temperature after vacuuming is 275-290°C, specifically 276°C, 277°C, 278°C, 279°C, 280°C, 281°C, 282°C, 283°C, 284°C, 285°C, 286°C, 287°C, 288°C or 289°C.
  • the vacuuming time is 20-100 minutes.
  • the glass transition temperature of the polyamide is 130-165°C, more preferably 140-165°C; the heat distortion temperature is 90-130°C, more preferably 100-130°C.
  • the relative viscosity of the polyamide melt is 1.5-3.5, more preferably 2.3-2.5.
  • the light transmittance of the polyamide is above 85%, preferably above 90%; the haze is below 3.0%, preferably below 2.0%; the tensile strength is above 80Mpa, and the tensile modulus is 2000MPa Above, the flexural strength is above 100MPa, the flexural modulus is above 2000Mpa, and the notched impact strength is above 10KJ/ m2 .
  • the light transmittance of the polyamide is 89-95%
  • the haze is 1.6-2.0%
  • the tensile strength is 80-95Mpa
  • the tensile modulus is 2000-2400MPa
  • the bending strength is 100-130MPa
  • the bending strength is 100-130MPa.
  • the polyamide has a light transmittance of 90-92%, a haze of 1.6-1.9%, a tensile strength of 83-95 MPa, a tensile modulus of 2100-2350 MPa, a bending strength of 105-130 MPa, and a bending strength of 105-130 MPa.
  • the modulus is 2300-2800Mpa, and the notched impact strength is 11-13KJ/m 2 .
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a use of the above-mentioned polyamide as a raw material for components or molded articles of: machines, automobiles, household appliances, toys, sporting goods, mobile phones, computers, laptops, GPS Devices, MP3 players, cameras, optical devices or combinations thereof; said molded articles include spectacle frames, spectacle lenses or other lenses, binoculars, windows for heating systems in direct contact with oil, for drinking water Treated filter cups, feeding bottles, carbonating bottles, crockery, gas or liquid flow meters, clock cases, watch cases, lamp covers or reflectors for automotive lights, or components thereof.
  • the inventors of the present application carried out copolymerization by selecting monomers with different characteristics, especially the bio-based pentamethylenediamine containing an odd number of carbons, and at the same time introduced alicyclic, benzene ring, and aliphatic structures into the molecular chain to obtain
  • the polyamide not only has high transparency, but also has excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bending strength, as well as impact toughness, so that it can meet the needs of different transparent products, especially products with high requirements for material toughness, touch and size, such as Extremely narrow mirror frames, lightweight devices, pressure-resistant mirrors and other application fields.
  • the test refers to the standard ISO 178-2010, the test condition: 2mm/min, and the spline size is 10mm*4mm*80mm.
  • Tensile test The test refers to the standard ISO 572-2-2012, and the test condition: 50mm/min.
  • the test refers to the national standard GB/T 2410-2008, with a color plate with a thickness of 2mm.
  • Relative viscosity by Ubbelohde viscometer concentrated sulfuric acid method: accurately weigh 0.25 ⁇ 0.0002g of dried polyamide resin slices, add 50mL concentrated sulfuric acid (96wt%) to dissolve; measure and record the concentration in a 25°C constant temperature water bath Sulfuric acid flows through time t0 and polyamide sample solution flows through time t.
  • Glass transition temperature (Tg) refers to the temperature corresponding to the transition from a glass state to a high elastic state, which is detected by differential scanning calorimetry.
  • Heat deflection temperature The test refers to the national standard GB/T 1634.2-2004, the sample size is 120mm*10mm*4mm (length*width*thickness), and the applied bending stress is 1.8MPa.
  • the preparation of polyamide resin pellets comprises the following steps:
  • pentamethylenediamine, sebacic acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, MACM and water are mixed uniformly to obtain a 60wt% polyamide salt solution, which is adjusted using pentamethylenediamine
  • Additive sodium hypophosphite is added in an amount of 0.02 mol %, and calcium octadecanoate is added in an amount of 0.01 mol %.
  • Additive sodium hypophosphite is added in an amount of 0.02 mol %, and calcium octadecanoate is added in an amount of 0.01 mol %.
  • pentamethylenediamine, hexadecanedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, MACM and water were mixed uniformly to obtain a 60wt% polyamide salt solution, which was adjusted using pentamethylenediamine
  • Additive sodium hypophosphite is added in an amount of 0.02 mol %, and calcium octadecanoate is added in an amount of 0.01 mol %.
  • pentamethylenediamine, dodecanedibasic acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, MACM and water were mixed uniformly to obtain a 60wt% polyamide salt solution, which was adjusted using pentamethylenediamine
  • Additive sodium hypophosphite is added in an amount of 0.02 mol %, and calcium octadecanoate is added in an amount of 0.01 mol %.
  • pentamethylenediamine, pentadecanedibasic acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, MACM and water were mixed uniformly to obtain a 60wt% polyamide salt solution, which was adjusted using pentamethylenediamine
  • Additive sodium hypophosphite is added in an amount of 0.02 mol %, and calcium octadecanoate is added in an amount of 0.01 mol %.
  • pentamethylenediamine, tridecanedioic acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, MACM and water are mixed uniformly to obtain a 60wt% polyamide salt solution.
  • Additive sodium hypophosphite is added in an amount of 0.02 mol %, and calcium octadecanoate is added in an amount of 0.01 mol %.
  • step (1) The step of preparing polyamide resin pellets is the same as Comparative Example 1, the difference is in step (1):
  • Comparative example 4 commercially available Akema G850 transparent polyamide
  • pentamethylenediamine DN5; MACM: bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane; PACM: bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane; TPA: terephthalic acid; IPA: isophthalic acid Formic acid; DC4: succinic acid; DC6: adipic acid; DC10: sebacic acid; DC11: undecanedioic acid; DC12: dodecanedioic acid; DC13: tridecanedioic acid; DC14: decadioic acid Four carbon dibasic acid; DC15: pentadecane dibasic acid; DC16: sixteen carbon dibasic acid.
  • the light transmittance and haze index of Examples 1-12 are similar or even better, indicating that the polyamide of the present application has excellent transparency; the notched impact strength is similar , indicating that the polyamide of the present application has excellent toughness performance.
  • the polyamide prepared by the present application not only has excellent impact resistance, but also has very good tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus, which greatly broadens the application scenarios of transparent polyamides.
  • Comparative Examples 1-3 show that a small difference in the proportion of components will have a great impact on the transparency of polyamide.
  • the inventor believes that, by compounding two kinds of diamines and two kinds of diacids in this application, not only diamines containing aliphatic rings and diacids containing benzene rings are added to increase the rigidity of the system, but also a certain A large amount of single-number carbon pentamethylene diamine and aliphatic diacid increase the density of amide groups, improve the toughness of the system, greatly improve the mechanical strength of transparent polyamide in the amorphous state, and obtain excellent transparency at the same time.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种聚酰胺,其由如下组分形成:(A)二胺,(B)二酸和(C)添加剂;(A)基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:(a1)30至74摩尔%的戊二胺,(a2)26至70摩尔%含有脂环的二胺;(B)基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:(b1)10至90摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,(b2)10至90摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸;(C)基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,0至50摩尔%的添加剂;所述组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量为100摩尔%。本申请制备获得的聚酰胺在具有优异的透明性能、韧性、耐冲击性能,还具有非常好的拉伸强度和拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,大大拓宽了透明聚酰胺的使用场景。

Description

一种聚酰胺及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酰胺,具体为一种高透光率、力学性能优异的聚酰胺及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
聚酰胺具有优异的机械性能和成型性能,广泛应用于汽车零部件、电器电子设备的零件、眼镜框架、眼镜镜片或其他镜片、用于饮用水处理的杯/瓶等原件的加工。然而普通聚酰胺由于分子链排列规整,透明性较差,在特殊领域,很难发挥作用。
传统的透明塑料在实际使用过程中,不能完全满足特定使用场景的要求,比如市场上主要的透明塑料PC(聚碳酸酯)以及PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)存在小分子残留、耐化学腐蚀性差、耐磨性不好等问题。聚酰胺大分子中含有极强性的酰胺基团、以及末端的端氨基、端羧基,这些基团之间具有很强的相互作用,极易形成氢键,从而容易高度结晶化,聚酰胺形成的球晶尺寸往往比较大,大于可见光的波长(400-700nm),从而导致其不透明。为了制备透明度较高的聚酰胺,可以通过降低结晶度,制备无定形聚酰胺;将晶体尺寸减小到可见光波长范围内;优化共混、共聚等方法使晶区与非晶区折射率相近等方法来实现,但是这些方式可能会造成其他性能的损失,例如抑制结晶会导致聚酰胺硬度下降、热变形温度降低,甚至失去使用价值。
现有技术中,透明聚酰胺的合成主要以偶数碳的二元酸为主,如EMS公司的TR55和TR90牌号的透明聚酰胺,所用二元酸均为十二碳二元酸,Arkema公司的G350和G830牌号的聚酰胺分别用十四碳二元酸和癸二酸,Bayer公司的T40牌号的聚酰胺和BASF的KR4601牌号的聚酰胺所用均为己二酸;所用胺类单体除了含有侧基的环状脂类胺外,基本为偶数碳的己二胺或者对苯二胺。根据聚酰胺的结构特征,偶数二元酸及二元胺极易形成较大的分子间氢键密度,使材料韧性、触感和尺寸在一些特定使用领域难以达到使用要求,尤其在极窄镜框、轻量化装置、耐压视镜等应用领域。
发明内容
本发明一实施方式提供了一种聚酰胺,其由如下组分形成:(A)二胺,(B)二酸和(C)添加剂;
(A)基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:
(a1)30至74摩尔%的戊二胺,
(a2)26至70摩尔%含有脂环的二胺;
(B)基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:
(b1)10至90摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,
(b2)10至90摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸;
(C)基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,0至50摩尔%的添加剂;
所述组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量为100摩尔%。
本发明一实施方式提供了一种聚酰胺,其中组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1。
本发明一实施方式提供了一种聚酰胺,所述聚酰胺的玻璃化转变温度为130~165℃;热变形温度为90~130℃;相对粘度为1.5~3.5,进而优选为2.3~2.5。
本发明一实施方式提供了一种聚酰胺,所述聚酰胺的透光率为85%以上,进而优选90%以上;雾度为3.0%以下,进而优选2.0%以下;拉伸强度在80Mpa以上,进而优选85Mpa以上;拉伸模量2000MPa以上,弯曲强度在100MPa以上,弯曲模量在2000Mpa以上,缺口冲击强度在10KJ/m 2以上。
本发明一实施方式提供了一种聚酰胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:惰性气体氛围下,控制组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1,将组分(A)、组分(B)与水混合制备质量浓度为40~75wt%的聚酰胺盐溶液,控制pH值为7.0~8.8;
将所述聚酰胺盐溶液与组分(C)在压力容器中加热,先加压至0.3~2.2Mpa,温度为240~265℃,后降压至0~0.1Mpa,温度为250~275℃,抽真空至压力为-0.02~-0.1MPa,获得聚酰胺熔体,然后通过切割以得到聚酰胺树脂粒料。
本发明一实施方式还提供了一种上述聚酰胺的应用,所述聚酰胺为如下的元件或模制品的原料的应用:机器、汽车、家用装置、玩具、运动品、移动电话、计算机、便携式电脑、GPS装置、MP3播放器、相机、光学装置或其组合的元件;所述模制品包括眼镜框架、眼镜镜片或其他镜片、双筒望远镜、用于直接与油接触的加热***的视窗、用于饮用水处理的过滤杯、喂食瓶、碳化瓶、陶器、气体或液体流量计、时钟壳、手表壳、灯罩或汽车灯的反射器、或其元件。本发明一实施方式的聚酰胺的特点。
本申请制备获得的聚酰胺在具有优异的透明性能、韧性、耐冲击性能,还具有非常好的拉伸强度和拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,大大拓宽了透明聚酰胺的使用场景。
具体实施方式
体现本发明特征与优点的典型实施方式将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本发明能够在不同的实施方式上具有各种的变化,其皆不脱离本发明的范围,且其中的描述在本质上是当作说明之用,而非用以限制本发明。
本发明提供了一种聚酰胺,其由如下组分形成:(A)二胺,(B)二酸和(C)添加剂;
(A)基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:(a1)30至74摩尔%的戊二胺,(a2)26至70摩尔%含有脂环的二胺;
(B)基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:(b1)10至90摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,(b2)10至90摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸;
(C)基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,0至50摩尔%的添加剂;
所述组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量为100摩尔%。
于一实施方式中,组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1,进一步为(0.6~1.6):1,再进一步为(0.9~1.3):1,最进一步为(1~1.05):1,例如,1:1、1.05:1、1.1:1、1.15:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.5:1、1.8:1、2:1、2.3:1、2.5:1、3:1。
于一实施方式中,基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:(a1)30至70摩尔%的戊二胺,(a2)30至70摩尔%含有脂环的二胺。
于一实施方式中,基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:(b1)30至90摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,(b2)10至70摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸。
于一实施方式中,基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:(b1)10至50摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,(b2)50至90摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸。
于一实施方式中,基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:(b1)10至70摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,(b2)30至90摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸。
于一实施方式中,基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:(b1)50至70摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,(b2)30至50摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸。
于一实施方式中,戊二胺可由生物基原料通过发酵法或酶转化法制备而成。
于一实施方式中,所述(a2)含有脂环的二胺包括但不限于双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷(PACP)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)丙烷(MACP)、双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷(EACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)丙烷(EACP)、双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷(TMACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)丙烷(TMACP)或其混合物。
于一实施方式中,所述(b1)脂肪族二酸包括但不限于含有4-18个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸中的一种或者多种,具体例如含有4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17或18个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸。
于一实施方式中,所述二元酸至少包含含有4-9个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸中的任意一种和含有10-18个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸中的任意一种,例如所述二元酸至少包含丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸中的任意一种,并且包含癸二酸、十一碳二元酸、十二碳二元酸、十三碳二元酸、十四碳二元酸、十五碳二元酸、十六碳二元酸、十七碳二元酸、十八碳二元酸中的任意一种。
于一实施方式中,所述二元酸中含有4-9个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸与含有10-18个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸的摩尔比为0~50:10~100,进而优选为0~30:15~60,进而优选为7~30:15~60。
于一实施方式中,所述二元酸至少含有一种包含奇数个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸和一种包含偶数个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸,例如,所述二元酸至少含 有戊二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、十一碳二元酸、十三碳二元酸、十五碳二元酸、十七碳二元酸中的任意一种二元酸,并且还包含丁二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、十二碳二元酸、十四碳二元酸、十六碳二元酸、十八碳二元酸中的任意一种二元酸。
于一实施方式中,所述(b1)脂肪族二酸包括但不限于丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一碳二元酸、十二碳二元酸、十三碳二元酸、十四碳二元酸、十五碳二元酸、十六碳二元酸、十七碳二元酸、十八碳二元酸中的一种或多种。
于一实施方式中,所述(b2)含有苯环的二酸包括但不限于对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸中的一种或者多种。
于一实施方式中,所述(b2)含有苯环的二酸为对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的混合物。
于一实施方式中,所述(b2)含有苯环的二酸中对苯二甲酸与间苯二甲酸的摩尔比为10~99:1~90,进而优选为25~70:30~60,更优选为30~60:10~20。
于一实施方式中,所述聚酰胺由如下组分形成:(A)二胺,(B)二酸和(C)添加剂;
(A)基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:
(a1)30至70摩尔%的戊二胺,(a2)30至70摩尔%的双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)和/或双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM);
(B)基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:
(b1)10至90摩尔%的包含4-18个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸中的一种或者多种,(b2)10至90摩尔%的对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸;
(C)基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,0.001至50摩尔%的添加剂;
所述成分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量为100摩尔%。
与一实施方式中,组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1,进一步为(0.6~1.6):1,再进一步为(0.9~1.3):1,最进一步为(1~1.05):1,例如,1:1、1.05:1、1.1:1、1.15:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.5:1、1.8:1、2:1、2.3:1、2.5:1、3:1。
于一实施方式中,所述(C)添加剂选自UV稳定剂;热稳定剂,优选 包括磷酸、亚磷酸、亚磷酸三甲酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸钠、次磷酸锌、次磷酸钙、次磷酸钾中的一种或者多种;结晶促进剂,优选包括长碳链羧酸金属盐,长碳链羧酸包含的碳原子数优选为10~30,所述金属优选包括钙、镁、锌中的一种或者多种,例如可以为长碳链羧酸钙盐、长碳链羧酸镁盐或长碳链羧酸锌盐,进而可以为十二烷酸钙、十四烷酸钠、十七烷酸钙、十八酸钙、十二烷基硫酸钠、十四烷基硫酸钠中的一种或者多种;自由基清除剂;润滑剂;增塑剂;抗冲击改性剂;无机填料,优选包括玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、碳纤维、炭黑、石墨中的一种或者多种;增亮剂;染料;阻燃剂;矿物,优选包括二氧化钛、碳酸钙和硫酸钡中的一种或者多种。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂含量为0.001至30摩尔%。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂含量为0.001至10摩尔%。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂含量为0.001至5摩尔%。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂含量为0.001至2摩尔%。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂含量为0.001至1摩尔%。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂至少含有0.001至0.5摩尔%的热稳定剂,所述热稳定剂优选为磷酸、亚磷酸、亚磷酸三甲酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸钠、次磷酸锌、次磷酸钙、次磷酸钾中的一种或者多种。
于一实施方式中,基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,所述组分(C)添加剂至少含有0.001至0.5摩尔%的结晶促进剂,所述结晶促进剂优选为十二烷酸钙、十四烷酸钠、十七烷酸钙、十八酸钙、十二烷基硫酸钠、十四烷基硫酸钠中的一种或者多种。
于一实施方式中,所述组分(a2)为双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)或双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM)。
于一实施方式中,所述组分(a2)含有双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)和双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM),且MACM与PACM的摩尔比为30~50:0~20。
于一实施方式中,所述组分(b1)与组分(b2)的摩尔比为20~60:40~80,进而优选为30~60:40~70。
本发明一实施方式的聚酰胺的制备方法,惰性气体氛围下,控制组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1,将组分(A)、组分(B)与水混合制备质量浓度为40~75wt%的聚酰胺盐溶液,控制pH值为7.0~8.8;
将所述聚酰胺盐溶液与组分(C)在压力容器中加热,先加压至0.3~2.2Mpa,温度为240~265℃,后降压至0~0.1Mpa,温度为250~275℃,抽真空至压力为-0.02~-0.1MPa,得到聚酰胺熔体,然后通过切割以得到聚酰胺树脂粒料。
于一实施方式中,组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1,进一步为(0.6~1.6):1,再进一步为(0.9~1.3):1,最进一步为(1~1.05):1,例如,1:1、1.05:1、1.1:1、1.15:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.5:1、1.8:1、2:1、2.3:1、2.5:1、3:1。
于一实施方式中,聚酰胺盐溶液的浓度可以为45wt%、50wt%、55wt%、60wt%、65wt%、70wt%或75wt%。
于一实施方式中,所述惰性气体包括氮气、氩气或氦气。
于一实施方式中,使用戊二胺调整pH值。
于一实施方式中,所述加压或减压后保持压力0.5~6小时,具体可以是1小时、2小时、3小时、4小时、5小时或6小时。
于一实施方式中,先加压至0.3~2.2Mpa,保持压力0.5~6小时,温度可以为245℃、246℃、247℃、248℃、249℃、250℃、251℃、252℃、253℃、254℃、255℃、256℃、257℃、258℃、259℃或260℃。
于一实施方式中,后降压至0~0.1Mpa,温度可以为251℃、252℃、253℃、254℃、255℃、256℃、257℃、258℃、259℃、260℃、261℃、262℃、263℃、264℃、265℃、266℃、267℃、268℃、269℃、270℃、271℃、272℃、273℃或274℃。
于一实施方式中,抽真空后的温度为275~290℃,具体可以为276℃、 277℃、278℃、279℃、280℃、281℃、282℃、283℃、284℃、285℃、286℃、287℃、288℃或289℃。
于一实施方式中,抽真空的时间为20~100min。
于一实施方式中,所述聚酰胺的玻璃化转变温度为130~165℃,进而优选为140~165℃;热变形温度为90~130℃,进而优选为100~130℃。
于一实施方式中,所述聚酰胺熔体相对粘度为1.5~3.5,进而优选为2.3~2.5。
于一实施方式中,所述聚酰胺的透光率为85%以上,进而优选90%以上;雾度为3.0%以下,进而优选2.0%以下;拉伸强度在80Mpa以上,拉伸模量2000MPa以上,弯曲强度在100MPa以上,弯曲模量在2000Mpa以上,缺口冲击强度在10KJ/m 2以上。
于一实施方式中,所述聚酰胺的透光率为89~95%,雾度为1.6~2.0%;拉伸强度80~95Mpa,拉伸模量2000~2400MPa,弯曲强度100~130MPa,弯曲模量2000~2900Mpa,缺口冲击强度10~13KJ/m 2
于一实施方式中,所述聚酰胺的透光率为90~92%,雾度为1.6~1.9%;拉伸强度83~95Mpa,拉伸模量2100~2350MPa,弯曲强度105~130MPa,弯曲模量2300~2800Mpa,缺口冲击强度11~13KJ/m 2
本发明一实施方式提供了一种上述聚酰胺的应用,所述聚酰胺为如下的元件或模制品的原料:机器、汽车、家用装置、玩具、运动品、移动电话、计算机、便携式电脑、GPS装置、MP3播放器、相机、光学装置或其组合的元件;所述模制品包括眼镜框架、眼镜镜片或其他镜片、双筒望远镜、用于直接与油接触的加热***的视窗、用于饮用水处理的过滤杯、喂食瓶、碳化瓶、陶器、气体或液体流量计、时钟壳、手表壳、灯罩或汽车灯的反射器、或其元件。
本申请发明人通过选择不同特性的单体进行共聚,尤其是选择了来源于生物基的含有单数碳的戊二胺,并同时在分子链中引入了脂环、苯环、脂肪族结构,获得的聚酰胺不仅透明度高,而且拉伸强度、弯曲强度等力学性能以及冲击韧性均表现优异,使其能够满足不同透明制品的需求,尤其是对材料韧性、触感和尺寸要求较高的产品,例如极窄镜框、轻量化装置、耐压视镜等应用领域。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明一实施方式的聚酰胺及其制备进行进一步说明。其中,所涉及的相关测试如下:
1)弯曲试验:测试参照标准ISO 178-2010,测试条件:2mm/min,样条大小10mm*4mm*80mm。
2)拉伸试验:测试参照标准ISO 572-2-2012,测试条件:50mm/min。
3)冲击试验:为悬臂梁缺口冲击,参照测试标准ISO 180/1A,测试条件。23℃;
4)透光率和雾度:测试参照国标GB/T 2410-2008,厚度2mm色板。
5)相对粘度:通过乌氏粘度计浓硫酸法:准确称量干燥后的聚酰胺树脂切片0.25±0.0002g,加入50mL浓硫酸(96wt%)溶解;在25℃恒温水浴槽中测量并记录浓硫酸流经时间t 0和聚酰胺样品溶液流经时间t。
相对粘度计算公式:相对粘度=t/t 0;t—溶液流经时间;t 0—溶剂流经时间。
6)玻璃化转化温度(Tg):指由玻璃态转变为高弹态所对应的温度,使用差示扫描量热分析法检测。
7)热变形温度(HDT):测试参照国标GB/T 1634.2-2004,试样尺寸为120mm*10mm*4mm(长*宽*厚),施加的弯曲应力为1.8MPa。
实施例1
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料包括如下步骤:
(1)氮气条件下,将戊二胺、癸二酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:癸二酸:己二酸=70:30:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
(2)将聚酰胺的盐溶液在反应釜中加热,加压至1.8Mpa,排气,保压2小时,反应体系的温度为248℃,降压至0.01MPa,反应体系的温度为268℃;抽真空维持在-0.07Mpa,抽真空时间30min,真空后的温度为282℃,得到透明聚酰胺熔体。
(3)熔融出料,拉条切粒,得到透明的聚酰胺树脂粒料。
实施例2
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十三碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十三碳二元酸:己二酸=70:30:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例3
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、癸二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得65wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:癸二酸=60:40:30:10:60。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例4
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十六碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十六碳二元酸:己二酸=70:30:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例5
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十三碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十三碳二元酸:己二酸=50:50:50:15:15:20。 添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例6
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十三碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、PACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:PACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十三碳二元酸:己二酸=60:40:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例7
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十一碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM、PACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:PACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十一碳二元酸:己二酸=30:50:20:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例8
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十一碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十一碳二元酸:己二酸=40:60:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例9
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十二碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节 pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十二碳二元酸:己二酸=65:35:60:10:15:15。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例10
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十四碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十四碳二元酸:己二酸=65:35:45:20:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例11
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十五碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十五碳二元酸:己二酸=70:30:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
实施例12
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与实施例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十三碳二元酸、丁二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十三碳二元酸:丁二酸=60:40:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
对比例1
(1)氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十三碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、MACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺 调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:MACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:癸二酸:己二酸=75:25:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
(2)将聚酰胺的盐溶液在反应釜中加热,加压至1.8Mpa,排气,保压2小时,反应体系的温度为248℃,降压至0.01MPa,反应体系的温度为268℃;抽真空维持在-0.07Mpa,抽真空时间30min,真空后的温度为282℃,得到透明聚酰胺熔体。
(3)熔融出料,拉条切粒,得到透明的聚酰胺树脂粒料。
对比例2
制备聚酰胺树脂粒料的步骤与对比例1相同,区别在于步骤(1):
氮气条件下,将戊二胺、十三碳二元酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、PACM和水混合均匀,制得60wt%聚酰胺盐溶液,使用戊二胺调节pH值为8.5(稀释聚酰胺盐溶液至10wt%时测定),其中摩尔比例为戊二胺:PACM:对苯二甲酸:间苯二甲酸:十三碳二元酸:己二酸=75:25:50:15:15:20。添加剂次磷酸钠添加量为0.02摩尔%,十八酸钙添加量为0.01摩尔%。
对比例3市售EMS TR90透明聚酰胺
对比例4市售Akema G850透明聚酰胺
上述实施例和对比例的测试结果如表1所示。
缩写说明:戊二胺:DN5;MACM:双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷;PACM:双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷;TPA:对苯二甲酸;IPA:间苯二甲酸;DC4:丁二酸;DC6:己二酸;DC10:癸二酸;DC11:十一碳二元酸;DC12:十二碳二元酸;DC13:十三碳二元酸;DC14:十四碳二元酸;DC15:十五碳二元酸;DC16:十六碳二元酸。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021141599-appb-000001
由表1结果可知:实施例1-12与市售产品EMS TR90、Akema G850相比,透光率和雾度指标相近、甚至更优,说明本申请聚酰胺的透明性能优异;缺口冲击强度相近,说明本申请聚酰胺的韧性性能优异。此外,本申请制备获得的聚酰胺在具有优异的耐冲击性能的同时,还具有非常好的拉伸强度和拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,大大拓宽了透明聚酰胺的使用场景。
此外,对比例1-3表明较小的组分配比差异会对聚酰胺的透明性能造成很大影响。发明人认为,本申请通过对两种二胺以及两种二酸进行复配,不仅加入了含有脂环的二胺以及含有苯环的二酸,增加了体系的刚性强度,而且还加入了一定量的单数碳戊二胺和脂肪族二酸,增加了酰胺基的密度,提高了体系韧性,使透明聚酰胺在无定型状态下力学强度大幅度提升,并同时获得了优异的透明性能。
除非特别限定,本发明所用术语均为本领域技术人员通常理解的含义。
本发明所描述的实施方式仅出于示例性目的,并非用以限制本发明的保护范围,本领域技术人员可在本发明的范围内作出各种其他替换、改变和改进,因而,本发明不限于上述实施方式,而仅由权利要求限定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种聚酰胺,其由如下组分形成:(A)二胺,(B)二酸和(C)添加剂;
    (A)基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:
    (a1)30至74摩尔%的戊二胺,
    (a2)26至70摩尔%含有脂环的二胺;
    (B)基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:
    (b1)10至90摩尔%的脂肪族二酸,
    (b2)10至90摩尔%的含有苯环的二酸;
    (C)基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,0至50摩尔%的添加剂;
    所述组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量为100摩尔%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,所述(a2)含有脂环的二胺包括但不限于双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷(PACP)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)丙烷(MACP)、双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷(EACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)丙烷(EACP)、双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷(TMACM)、2,2-双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)丙烷(TMACP)或其混合物。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,所述(b1)脂肪族二酸包括但不限于含有4-18个碳原子的二元酸中的一种或者多种;
    优选地,所述二元酸至少包含含有4-9个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸中的任意一种和含有10-18个碳原子的二元酸中的任意一种;
    优选地,所述二元酸至少含有一种包含奇数个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸和一种包含偶数个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸;
    优选地,所述二元酸包括丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一碳二元酸、十二碳二元酸、十三碳二元酸、十四碳二元酸、十五碳二元酸、十六碳二元酸、十七碳二元酸、十八碳二元酸中的一种或者多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,所述(b2)含有苯环的二酸包括但不限于对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸中的一种或者多种;
    优选为对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的混合物;
    更优选的,所述含有苯环的二酸中对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的摩尔比为10~99:1~90。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,
    (A)基于二胺的总摩尔量,二胺由如下成分组成:
    (a1)30至70摩尔%的戊二胺,
    (a2)30至70摩尔%的双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷(MACM)和/或双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(PACM);
    (B)基于二酸的总摩尔量,二酸由如下成分组成:
    (b1)10至90摩尔%的包含4-18个碳原子的脂肪族二元酸中的一种或者多种,
    (b2)10至90摩尔%的对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸;
    (C)基于组分(A)、(B)和(C)的总摩尔量,0.001至50摩尔%的添加剂。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,所述(C)添加剂选自UV稳定剂;热稳定剂,优选包括磷酸、亚磷酸、亚磷酸三甲酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸钠、次磷酸锌、次磷酸钙、次磷酸钾中的一种或者多种;结晶促进剂,优选包括长碳链羧酸金属盐,长碳链羧酸包含的碳原子数优选为10~30,所述金属优选包括钙、镁、锌中的一种或者多种;自由基清除剂;润滑剂;增塑剂;抗冲击改性剂;无机填料,优选包括玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、碳纤维、炭黑、石墨中的一种或者多种;增亮剂;染料;阻燃剂;矿物,优选包括二氧化钛、碳酸钙和硫酸钡中的一种或者多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺的玻璃化转变温度为130~165℃;热变形温度为90~130℃;相对粘度为1.5~3.5,进而优选为2.3~2.5。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的聚酰胺,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺的透光率为85%以上,进而优选90%以上;雾度为3.0%以下,进而优选2.0%以下;拉伸强度在80Mpa以上,进而优选85Mpa以上;拉伸模量2000MPa以上, 弯曲强度在100MPa以上,弯曲模量在2000Mpa以上,缺口冲击强度在10KJ/m 2以上;
    优选地,所述聚酰胺的透光率为89~95%,雾度为1.6~2.0%;拉伸强度80~95Mpa,拉伸模量2000~2400MPa,弯曲强度100~130MPa,弯曲模量2000~2900Mpa,缺口冲击强度10~13KJ/m 2
  10. 一种用于生产权利要求1-9中任一项所述的聚酰胺的方法,其特征在于,
    惰性气体氛围下,控制组分(A)与组分(B)的摩尔比为(0.6~3):1,将组分(A)、组分(B)与水混合制备质量浓度为40~75wt%的聚酰胺盐溶液,控制pH值为7.0~8.8;
    将所述聚酰胺盐溶液与组分(C)在压力容器中加热,先加压至0.3~2.2Mpa,温度为240~265℃,后降压至0~0.1Mpa,温度为250~275℃,抽真空至压力为-0.02~-0.1MPa,获得聚酰胺熔体,然后通过切割以得到聚酰胺树脂粒料。
  11. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的聚酰胺的应用,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺为如下的元件或模制品的原料:机器、汽车、家用装置、玩具、运动品、移动电话、计算机、便携式电脑、GPS装置、MP3播放器、相机、光学装置或其组合的元件;所述模制品包括眼镜框架、眼镜镜片或其他镜片、双筒望远镜、用于直接与油接触的加热***的视窗、用于饮用水处理的过滤杯、喂食瓶、碳化瓶、陶器、气体或液体流量计、时钟壳、手表壳、灯罩或汽车灯的反射器、或其元件。
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