WO2023108822A1 - 一种自动上料玉米脱粒机 - Google Patents

一种自动上料玉米脱粒机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108822A1
WO2023108822A1 PCT/CN2021/142359 CN2021142359W WO2023108822A1 WO 2023108822 A1 WO2023108822 A1 WO 2023108822A1 CN 2021142359 W CN2021142359 W CN 2021142359W WO 2023108822 A1 WO2023108822 A1 WO 2023108822A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
threshing
blade
screen
box
digging
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PCT/CN2021/142359
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
景立挺
张浩雨
姜少飞
彭翔
李吉泉
Original Assignee
浙江工业大学台州研究院
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Publication of WO2023108822A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108822A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F11/00—Threshing apparatus specially adapted for maize; Threshing apparatus specially adapted for particular crops other than cereals
    • A01F11/06—Threshing apparatus specially adapted for maize; Threshing apparatus specially adapted for particular crops other than cereals for maize, e.g. removing kernels from cobs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/10—Feeders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44—Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A01F12/446—Sieving means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of food processing equipment, in particular to an automatic feeding corn threshing device.
  • the existing corn threshers are directly provided with several protruding structures on the surface of the roller shaft, and by rotating the roller shaft, the protruding structures pry the corn kernels out of the corn cob.
  • the protruding structure is integrated with the roller shaft, so it is inconvenient to produce, and the protruding structure is generally small in size, and it is often easily broken by force during the working process to cause wear and tear. Once the wear is large, since the protruding structure is integrated with the roller shaft, the whole roller shaft will also be scrapped together, resulting in inconvenience for maintenance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the structure of the existing automatic feeding corn mechanism is relatively complicated, so the use method and maintenance are relatively difficult.
  • the invention provides an automatic feeding corn threshing machine, which at least includes a feeding device and a threshing device, and the threshing device includes:
  • a threshing box an opening is provided above the threshing box, and the outlet of the feeding device is located above the opening;
  • a threshing blade the threshing blade is installed below the opening, and the detachment blade is close to the inner wall of the threshing box;
  • the threshing blade includes several blade units, a fixed plate, a mounting shaft and a rotating shaft, and the fixed plate It includes at least two pieces, the rotating shaft is fixed between the fixed plates;
  • the installation shaft is fixedly connected between the fixed plates, and the distance between each of the installation shafts and the rotating shaft is equal, so Several blade units are installed on the installation shaft;
  • the blade unit includes a substrate, which is fixedly connected to the installation shaft; one side of the substrate is provided with a digging groove, and a position of the substrate close to the digging groove is provided with A digging portion, the digging portion is flat; the digging portion and the digging groove are arranged along the rotational circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and both the digging portion and the digging groove face outside;
  • a rotary power mechanism is connected to the rotary shaft and drives the rotary shaft to rotate.
  • the installation shafts are evenly arranged along the rotational circumferential direction of the rotary shaft, and the scavenged grooves are provided with the scavenged portions on both sides of the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft.
  • inclined plates are arranged on the inner surfaces of both sides of the threshing box, and the inclined plates are located on both sides of the threshing blade, and the distance between the inclined plate and the threshing blade gradually decreases from top to bottom. Small.
  • the feeding device at least includes:
  • Conveyor belt the surface of the conveyor belt is provided with several spacer baffles, and the spacer baffles divide the conveyor belt into several placement positions;
  • a conveying wheel drives the conveying belt to move.
  • the storage device includes a storage box, the conveying wheel is installed and connected to the storage box; the conveyor belt is arranged obliquely, and the entrance of the feeding device is close to the bottom of the storage box;
  • the end of the spacer baffle is provided with a bending portion, and the bending portion bends and extends toward the moving direction of the conveyor belt.
  • the storage box is rotatably connected with a box cover, and the box cover can swing up and down in a vertical plane, and when the box cover rotates to the lowest position, the free end of the box cover rests on the ground.
  • a screen device is fixed below the threshing box, and the screen device at least includes an upper screen and a lower screen, the lower screen is arranged below the upper screen, and the upper screen
  • the net is provided with several first sieve holes, and the lower screen is provided with several second sieve holes, and the pore diameter of the first sieve holes is larger than the pore diameter of the second sieve holes.
  • both the upper screen and the lower screen are inclined, and the inclination direction of the upper screen is perpendicular to the inclination direction of the lower screen, and the bottom end of the upper screen is provided with a first outlet, the bottom end of the lower screen is provided with a second outlet.
  • each blade unit is an independent entity, and can be fixedly connected to the installation shaft through various methods, such as welding.
  • the blade unit can be removed directly by cutting, etc., and then re-welded with a new complete blade unit without having to replace the threshing blade as a whole, thus making maintenance easier .
  • the structure of the program is relatively simple, and the method of use is also more convenient.
  • Fig. 1 shows the overall structure schematic diagram of automatic feeding corn thresher
  • Fig. 2 Shown in Fig. 2 is the structural representation of threshing device
  • Fig. 3 Shown in Fig. 3 is the structural representation of threshing blade
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic structural view of the blade unit
  • Fig. 5 Shown in Fig. 5 is the structural representation of threshing box
  • Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 shows the structural representation of screen device
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, an integral connection, or It can be a detachable connection; it can be the internal communication of two elements; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, an integral connection, or It can be a detachable connection; it can be the internal communication of two elements; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • FIG. 1 A kind of preferred embodiment of automatic feeding corn thresher is shown in Figure 1, comprises feeding device 2 and threshing device 1, and described feeding device 2 is preferably conveyor belt mechanism, comprises conveyor belt 21 and delivery wheel 20, conveys The wheel 20 drives the conveyor belt 21 to move, so as to transport the corn on the conveyor belt 21 to the threshing device 1 .
  • the threshing device 1 includes a threshing box 12 , a threshing blade 11 and a rotary power mechanism 13 .
  • the threshing box 12 is provided with an opening 122 , and the outlet of the feeding device 2 is located above the opening 122 .
  • the threshing blade 11 is arranged in the threshing box 12, and the threshing blade 11 is located below the opening 122, the corn falls from the outlet of the feeding device 2, and falls to the threshing blade 11 through the opening 122, and the threshing blade 11 is close to On the inner wall of the threshing box 12, corn can be clamped by the threshing blade 11 and the threshing box 12, and the threshing work of the corn kernels is carried out by the rotating threshing blade 11.
  • the rotary power mechanism 13 is used to drive the threshing blade 11 to rotate.
  • the structure of the threshing blade 11 is shown in FIG. 3 , including a fixed plate 111 , a mounting shaft 112 , a rotating shaft 113 and several blade units 10 .
  • the fixing plate 111 is arranged on both sides, the rotating shaft 113 is arranged between the fixing plates 111, and the rotating shaft 113 is located at the center of the fixing plate 111, and the rotating shaft 113 is connected to the rotating power mechanism 13 .
  • the four mounting shafts 112 are also disposed between the fixing plates 111 , and the distance between each of the mounting shafts 112 and the rotating shaft 113 is equal.
  • the blade unit 10 is fixedly connected to the installation shaft 112, and the blade unit 10 is used for threshing.
  • each installation shaft 112 and the rotation shaft 113 Since the distance between each installation shaft 112 and the rotation shaft 113 is equal, when the rotation shaft 113 rotates, Therefore the radius of rotation of each blade unit 10 is also equal to ensure that each blade unit 10 can normally contact the corn and work.
  • the threshing blade 11 is located near the inner wall of the threshing box 12. After the corn falls, it will eventually be stuck between the threshing blade 11 and the inner wall of the threshing box 12. The rotating threshing blade 11 can use the blade unit 10 to remove the stuck corn.
  • the corn kernels on live corn are planed down. After the corn kernels are planed off, the corn cobs can directly drop down from the gap between the threshing blade 11 and the inner wall of the threshing box 12 .
  • the structure of the blade unit 10 is shown in FIG. 4 , including a substrate 100 , and a fixing hole 102 is arranged on the substrate 100 , and the fixing hole 102 is fixedly connected with the installation shaft 112 .
  • One side of the substrate 100 is provided with a digging groove 101
  • the substrate 100 is provided with a flat digging portion 1010 near the digging groove 101 .
  • the digging portion 1010 can be set as shown in FIG. 4 , and is directly formed by the inner wall of the digging groove 101 and the side of the adjacent substrate 100 together. When the volume of the substrate 100 is large, if the digging groove 101 is far away from the edge of the substrate 100 , the digging portion 1010 can also be directly disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 100 .
  • the digging portion 1010 and the digging groove 101 are respectively arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 113 , and both the digging groove 101 and the rotating shaft 113 face outward.
  • the blade unit 10 mounted on the installation shaft 112 rotates synchronously.
  • the digging part 1010 is inserted into the corn grain, and the body of the corn grain can be accommodated in the digging groove 101 Inside, the digging part 1010 that continues to rotate afterwards can pry out the corn kernels, thereby realizing the function of threshing.
  • the force applied by the scooping part 1010 to the corn can drive the corn to rotate, so that the corn kernels at various positions on the surface of the corn can be in contact with the blade unit 10 .
  • the corn kernels that have been dug out rotate at a certain angle with the digging groove 101, and when the digging groove 101 rotates to a downward position, the corn kernels fall to the bottom.
  • the installation shaft 112 is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 113, and the digging groove 101 is provided with digging parts 1010 on both sides relative to the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 113, so no matter the rotation Whether the shaft 113 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the digging part 1010 can contact and pry out the corn kernels, and it also helps to improve the effect of prying out the corn kernels.
  • the structure of the threshing box 12 is shown in Figure 5, the inside of the threshing box 12 is provided with a swash plate 121, and the swash plate 121 is respectively located on both sides of the threshing blade 11, and between the swash plate 121 and the threshing blade 11 The distance between them decreases gradually from top to bottom.
  • This scheme can be adapted to different sizes of corn, and the corn can be stuck at a suitable position, so that the corn is more firmly stuck on the threshing blade 11 and the threshing box, so that it is convenient to threshing.
  • the surface of the conveyor belt 21 is provided with several spacer baffles 22, and the spacer baffles 22 separate the conveyor belt 21 into several independent placement positions 210, and the corn that each placement position 210 can accommodate is limited, for example , the size of each placement position 210 can only accommodate one corn.
  • This scheme can effectively control the corn conveying speed, and prevent the corn conveying speed from being too fast and not matching the working efficiency of the threshing device 1 .
  • the conveyor belt 21 is arranged obliquely, the bottom of the conveyor belt 21 is an entrance, the entrance is located inside the storage device 3, the top of the conveyor belt 21 is the outlet 122, and the conveyor belt The top of 21 is positioned at the top of threshing device 1.
  • the end of the spacer baffle 22 is provided with a bending portion 221 , and the bending portion 221 is bent toward the running direction of the conveyor belt 21 .
  • the function of the bending part 221 is that at the bottom entrance position of the conveyor belt 21, the bending part 221 and the spacer baffle 22 can scoop up the corn in the storage device 3 like a shovel, and the corn after scooping will be carried along with the conveyor belt.
  • the feeding device 2 can realize the function of automatic feeding, and the structure is simple and easy to realize. Moreover, because the structure is simple, it will not interfere with manual feeding, and when the corn at the bottom of the storage device 3 cannot be scooped up, it can be directly changed to manual feeding.
  • the storage device 3 includes a storage box 31, and the corn is stored in the storage box 31.
  • One side of the storage box 31 is provided with a box cover 32 , the box cover 32 is rotatably connected with the storage box 31 , and the box cover 32 can rotate in a vertical plane.
  • the case cover 32 has a free end, and the free end can swing up and down with the case cover 32, and when the case cover 32 rotates to the lowest position, the free end rests on the ground. After the case cover 32 is turned down, a slope surface can be formed, which is convenient for directly pushing the corn into the storage case 31 .
  • a screen device 4 is arranged below the threshing box 12, and a through hole is provided on the lower side of the threshing box 12, and the threshing blade 11 is arranged to plan
  • the corn kernels under can directly fall in the screen device 4 from through hole.
  • the screen device 4 includes an upper screen 41 and a lower screen 42 , and the lower screen 42 is located below the upper screen 41 .
  • the upper screen 41 is provided with a number of first screen holes
  • the lower screen 42 is provided with a number of second screen holes, and the diameter of the first screen holes is larger than that of the second screen holes.
  • Both the upper screen 41 and the lower screen 42 are arranged obliquely, and the inclination directions of the two are perpendicular to each other.
  • the bottom end of described upper screen cloth 41 is provided with first outlet 431
  • the bottom end of described lower screen cloth is provided with second outlet 432, and the bigger corn grain of particle can roll out from first outlet 431, and particle is smaller Small corn kernels can be rolled out from the second outlet 432 after falling onto the lower screen cloth 42, so as to realize the purpose of classification and collection.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种自动上料玉米脱粒机，至少包括上料装置和脱粒装置，脱粒装置包括：脱粒箱、脱粒刀片和旋转动力机构，脱粒箱的上方设有开口，上料装置的出口位于开口上方。脱粒刀片安装于开口的下方，且脱离刀片靠近脱粒箱的内壁。脱粒刀片包括若干刀片单元、固定板、安装轴和旋转轴，固定板至少包括两块，旋转轴固定设于固定板之间。安装轴固定连接于固定板之间，且每根安装轴与旋转轴之间的距离相等，安装轴上安装有若干刀片单元。刀片单元包括基片，基片与安装轴固定连接。基片的其中一侧设有挖取凹槽，基片靠近挖取凹槽的位置设有挖取部，挖取部扁平。旋转动力机构连接旋转轴并驱动旋转轴旋转。

Description

一种自动上料玉米脱粒机 技术领域
本发明涉及食品处理设备领域，具体涉及一种自动上料玉米脱粒装置。
 背景技术
玉米在进行加工前往往需要将玉米粒与玉米芯进行分离。由于玉米粒的体积较小，人工处理较为费时费力，因此多采用机械设备进行自动处理。但是，现有的玉米脱粒机的结构较为复杂，使用方法较为繁琐。
具体的来说，现有的玉米脱粒机直接在辊轴表面设置若干凸起状的结构，通过旋转辊轴，使得凸起状的结构将玉米粒从玉米芯上撬出来。这种方案中，凸起状的结构与辊轴是一体的，因此在生产时较为不便，而且凸起状的结构一般而言尺寸较小，往往容易在工作过程中被受力断裂造成耗损，一旦耗损较大，由于凸起状的结构与辊轴为一体的，因此整根辊轴也会一并报废，造成维修的不便。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是：现有的自动上料玉米机构的结构较为复杂，因此使用方法以及维修较为困难。
 技术解决方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
本发明提供了一种自动上料玉米脱粒机，至少包括上料装置和脱粒装置，所述脱粒装置包括：
脱粒箱，所述脱粒箱的上方设有开口，所述上料装置的出口位于所述开口上方；
脱粒刀片，所述脱粒刀片安装于所述开口的下方，且所述脱离刀片靠近所述脱粒箱的内壁；所述脱粒刀片包括若干刀片单元、固定板、安装轴和旋转轴，所述固定板至少包括两块，所述旋转轴固定设于固定板之间；所述安装轴固定连接于所述固定板之间，且每根所述安装轴与所述旋转轴之间的距离相等，所述安装轴上安装有若干所述刀片单元；
所述刀片单元包括基片，所述基片与所述安装轴固定连接；所述基片的其中一侧设有挖取凹槽，所述基片靠近所述挖取凹槽的位置设有挖取部，所述挖取部扁平；所述挖取部与所述挖取凹槽沿所述旋转轴的旋转周向排布，且所述挖取部与所述挖取凹槽均朝外；
旋转动力机构，所述旋转动力机构连接所述旋转轴并驱动所述旋转轴旋转。
优选的，所述安装轴沿所述旋转轴的旋转周向均匀排布，且所述挖取凹槽沿所述旋转轴的周向的两侧均设有所述挖取部。
优选的，所述脱粒箱两侧的内表面上设有斜板，所述斜板位于所述脱粒刀片的两侧，所述斜板与所述脱粒刀片之间的距离由上至下逐渐减小。
优选的，所述上料装置至少包括：
输送带，所述输送带表面设有若干间隔挡板，所述间隔挡板将所述输送带分隔为若干放置位；
输送轮，所述输送轮驱动所述输送带运动。
进一步的，还包括储存装置，所述储存装置包括储存箱，所述输送轮安装连接所述储存箱；所述输送带倾斜设置，所述上料装置的入口靠近所述储存箱的底部；所述间隔挡板的端部设有弯折部，所述弯折部朝向所述输送带的运动方向弯折延伸。
进一步的，所述储存箱旋转活动连接有箱盖，所述箱盖可在竖直平面内上下摆动，所述箱盖旋转至最低位置时所述箱盖的自由端搭靠在地面上。
优选的，所述脱粒箱的下方固定设有筛网装置，所述筛网装置至少包括上筛网和下筛网，所述下筛网设于所述上筛网的下方，所述上筛网设置有若干第一筛孔，所述下筛网设有若干第二筛孔，所述第一筛孔的孔径大于所述第二筛孔的孔径。
进一步的，所述上筛网与所述下筛网均倾斜设置，且所述上筛网的倾斜方向垂直于所述下筛网的倾斜方向，所述上筛网的底端设有第一出口，所述下筛网的底端设有第二出口。
 有益效果
上述方案的优点在于，每一个刀片单元均是独立的个体，可通过各种方式，例如焊接等，与安装轴固定连接。当其中多个刀片单元损坏导致脱粒刀片无法正常工作时，可以直接把刀片单元通过切割等方式拆下，再重新焊接上新的完整刀片单元，而不必将脱粒刀片整体更换，从而维修更为简便。而且，本方案结构较为简单，使用方法也更为简便。
 附图说明
图1所示为自动上料玉米脱粒机的整体结构示意图；
图2所示为脱粒装置的结构示意图；
图3所示为脱粒刀片的结构示意图；
图4所示为刀片单元的结构示意图；
图5所示为脱粒箱的结构示意图；
图6所示为图1中的A部分的局部结构示意图；
图7所示为筛网装置的结构示意图；
附图标记说明：1-脱粒装置，11-脱粒刀片，10-刀片单元，100-基片，101-挖取凹槽，1010-挖取部，102-固定孔，111-固定板，112-安装轴，113-旋转轴，12-脱粒箱，121-斜板，122-开口，13-旋转动力机构，2-上料装置，20-输送轮，21-输送带，210-放置位，22-间隔挡板，221-弯折部，3-储存装置，31-储存箱，32-箱盖，4-筛网装置，41-上筛网，42-下筛网，431-第一出口，432-第二出口。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
在此处键入本发明的最佳实施方式描述段落。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语 “上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，一体地连接，也可以是可拆卸连接；可以是两个元件内部的连通；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
自动上料玉米脱粒机的一种优选的实施例如图1所示，包括上料装置2和脱粒装置1，所述上料装置2优选为输送带机构，包括输送带21和输送轮20，输送轮20驱动输送带21运动，从而将输送带21上的玉米输送至脱粒装置1处。如图2所示，所述脱粒装置1包括脱粒箱12、脱粒刀片11以及旋转动力机构13。所述脱粒箱12设有开口122，所述上料装置2的出口位于所述开口122的上方。所述脱粒刀片11设置于所述脱粒箱12内，且脱粒刀片11位于开口122的下方，玉米从上料装置2的出口落下，穿过开口122掉落至脱粒刀片11处，脱粒刀片11靠近脱粒箱12的内壁，玉米可以被脱粒刀片11以及脱粒箱12夹住，由旋转的脱粒刀片11进行玉米粒的脱粒工作。所述旋转动力机构13用于驱动所述脱粒刀片11旋转工作。
所述脱粒刀片11的结构如图3所示，包括固定板111、安装轴112、旋转轴113以及若干刀片单元10。所述固定板111设置于两侧，所述旋转轴113设置于固定板111之间，且所述旋转轴113位于所述固定板111的中心位置，且旋转轴113连接所述旋转动力机构13。四根所述安装轴112同样设于所述固定板111之间，且每根所述安装轴112与所述旋转轴113之间的距离相等。所述刀片单元10固定连接于所述安装轴112上，刀片单元10用于脱粒，由于每根所述安装轴112与所述旋转轴113之间的距离相等，因此在旋转轴113旋转时，因此每个刀片单元10的旋转半径也相等，保证每个刀片单元10都能够正常接触玉米并工作。所述脱粒刀片11位于靠近所述脱粒箱12内壁的位置处，玉米落下后，最终会被卡在脱粒刀片11与脱粒箱12内壁之间，旋转的脱粒刀片11利用刀片单元10可以将被卡住的玉米上的玉米粒刨下。玉米粒被刨下后，玉米芯可以直接从脱粒刀片11与脱粒箱12的内壁之间的间隙掉落至下方。
所述刀片单元10的结构如图4所示，包括基片100，所述基片100上设置有固定孔102，所述固定孔102与所述安装轴112固定连接。所述基片100的一侧设置有挖取凹槽101，所述基片100在靠近所述挖取凹槽101的位置设置有扁平的挖取部1010。所述挖取部1010可参考图4所示进行设置，直接由挖取凹槽101的内壁与相邻的基片100的侧边共同形成。当基片100体积较大时，如果挖取凹槽101远离基片100边缘，挖取部1010也可以直接设置在基片100的外表面上。所述挖取部1010与所述挖取凹槽101分别沿所述旋转轴113的周向方向排布，且挖取凹槽101与旋转轴113均朝外。当旋转轴113旋转时，安装于所述安装轴112上的刀片单元10同步旋转，旋转过程中，所述挖取部1010***玉米粒内，同时玉米粒的本体可以容纳于挖取凹槽101内，之后继续旋转的挖取部1010能够将玉米粒撬出，从而实现脱粒的功能。而且，挖取部1010向玉米施加的力能够驱动玉米旋转，从而能够使得玉米表面各位置处的玉米粒均能够与刀片单元10接触。被挖取后的玉米粒随挖取凹槽101旋转一定角度，当挖取凹槽101旋转至朝下的位置时，玉米粒掉落至下方。
所述安装轴112沿所述旋转轴113的周向均匀排布，且所述挖取凹槽101在相对于旋转轴113的周向方向的两侧均设置有挖取部1010，因而无论旋转轴113顺时针还是逆时针旋转，挖取部1010均能够接触并撬出玉米粒，而且还有助于提升撬出玉米粒的效果。
所述脱粒箱12的结构如图5所示，所述脱粒箱12内部设有斜板121，所述斜板121分别位于所述脱粒刀片11的两侧，且斜板121与脱粒刀片11之间的距离由上至下逐渐缩小。这种方案能够适应不同大小的玉米，玉米可以在合适的位置处被卡住，以便玉米更加牢固地被卡在脱粒刀片11与脱粒箱，方便进行脱粒。
在进一步的优选方案中，所述输送带21表面设置有若干间隔挡板22，间隔挡板22将输送带21分隔为了若干独立的放置位210，每个放置位210可容纳的玉米有限，例如，每个放置位210的大小仅能容纳一个玉米。这种方案可以有效控制玉米传输速度，防止玉米运输的速度过快与脱粒装置1的工作效率不匹配。
如图1和图6所示，所述输送带21倾斜设置，在所述输送带21的底部为入口，入口位于储存装置3内部，所述输送带21的顶部为所述出口122，输送带21的顶部位于脱粒装置1的上方。所述间隔挡板22的端部设置有弯折部221，所述折弯部221向输送带21运行的方向弯折。所述折弯部221的功能在于，在输送带21的底部入口位置，折弯部221与间隔挡板22可以像铲子一样将储存装置3内的玉米铲起，铲起后的玉米随输送带21上升，上升过程中折弯部221同时起到限制玉米的功能。因而，在这种方案中，上料装置2可以实现自动上料的功能，而且结构简单易于实现。而且，由于结构简单，因此也不会干扰手动上料，在无法铲起储存装置3底部的玉米时直接改由手动上料即可。
所述储存装置3包括储存箱31，玉米存放于储存箱31内。储存箱31的其中一侧设置有箱盖32，箱盖32与储存箱31旋转活动连接，箱盖32可在竖直平面内旋转。箱盖32具有一个自由端，自由端可以随箱盖32上下摆动，当箱盖32旋转至最低位置时，自由端搭靠在地面上。箱盖32向下翻转后，可以形成斜坡面，方便将玉米直接推进储存箱31内。
鉴于脱粒刀片11挤压玉米时会刨下许多杂质，优选的，在所述脱粒箱12的下方设置有筛网装置4，所述脱粒箱12的下侧设有通孔，有脱粒刀片11刨下的玉米粒能够直接从通孔掉入筛网装置4内。所述筛网装置4包括上筛网41和下筛网42，所述下筛网42位于所述上筛网41的下方。所述上筛网41设有若干第一筛孔，所述下筛网42设有若干第二筛孔，所述第一筛孔的孔径大于所述第二筛孔的孔径。这种方案中，通过两层筛选，颗粒较大的玉米粒留在上筛网41上，较小的玉米粒以及碎屑等落入下筛网42，下筛网42再进一步进行筛选，将较小颗粒的玉米留在下筛网42上，筛去碎屑杂质。这种方案有助于提升筛选效果。
所述上筛网41与下筛网42均倾斜设置，且二者的倾斜方向相互垂直。同时，所述上筛网41的底端设置有第一出口431，所述下筛网的底端设有第二出口432，颗粒较大的玉米粒可从第一出口431滚出，颗粒较小的玉米粒落到下筛网42后可以从第二出口432滚出，实现分类收集的目的。
总之，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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Claims (8)

  1. 一种自动上料玉米脱粒机，至少包括上料装置和脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述脱粒装置包括：
    脱粒箱（12），所述脱粒箱的上方设有开口（122），所述上料装置的出口位于所述开口上方；
    脱粒刀片（11），所述脱粒刀片安装于所述开口的下方，且所述脱离刀片靠近所述脱粒箱的内壁；所述脱粒刀片包括若干刀片单元（10）、固定板（111）、安装轴（112）和旋转轴（113），所述固定板至少包括两块，所述旋转轴固定设于固定板之间；所述安装轴固定连接于所述固定板之间，且每根所述安装轴与所述旋转轴之间的距离相等，所述安装轴上安装有若干所述刀片单元；
    所述刀片单元包括基片（100），所述基片与所述安装轴固定连接；所述基片的其中一侧设有挖取凹槽（101），所述基片靠近所述挖取凹槽的位置设有挖取部（1010），所述挖取部扁平；所述挖取部与所述挖取凹槽沿所述旋转轴的旋转周向排布，且所述挖取部与所述挖取凹槽均朝外；
    旋转动力机构（13），所述旋转动力机构连接所述旋转轴并驱动所述旋转轴旋转。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，所述安装轴沿所述旋转轴的旋转周向均匀排布，且所述挖取凹槽沿所述旋转轴的周向的两侧均设有所述挖取部。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，所述脱粒箱两侧的内表面上设有斜板（121），所述斜板位于所述脱粒刀片的两侧，所述斜板与所述脱粒刀片之间的距离由上至下逐渐减小。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，所述上料装置至少包括：
    输送带（21），所述输送带表面设有若干间隔挡板（22），所述间隔挡板将所述输送带分隔为若干放置位（210）；
    输送轮（20），所述输送轮驱动所述输送带运动。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，还包括储存装置（3），所述储存装置包括储存箱（31），所述输送轮安装连接所述储存箱；所述输送带倾斜设置，所述上料装置的入口靠近所述储存箱的底部；所述间隔挡板的端部设有弯折部（221），所述弯折部朝向所述输送带的运动方向弯折延伸。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，所述储存箱旋转活动连接有箱盖（32），所述箱盖可在竖直平面内上下摆动，所述箱盖旋转至最低位置时所述箱盖的自由端搭靠在地面上。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，所述脱粒箱的下方固定设有筛网装置（4），所述筛网装置至少包括上筛网和下筛网，所述下筛网设于所述上筛网的下方，所述上筛网设置有若干第一筛孔，所述下筛网设有若干第二筛孔，所述第一筛孔的孔径大于所述第二筛孔的孔径。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的自动上料玉米脱粒机，其特征在于，所述上筛网与所述下筛网均倾斜设置，且所述上筛网的倾斜方向垂直于所述下筛网的倾斜方向，所述上筛网的底端设有第一出口（431），所述下筛网的底端设有第二出口（432）。
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