WO2023085797A1 - 알데히드 화합물 및 알데히드 화합물의 딜스-알더 반응물을 이용한 환경 친화적인 폴리우레탄 폼과 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
알데히드 화합물 및 알데히드 화합물의 딜스-알더 반응물을 이용한 환경 친화적인 폴리우레탄 폼과 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023085797A1 WO2023085797A1 PCT/KR2022/017615 KR2022017615W WO2023085797A1 WO 2023085797 A1 WO2023085797 A1 WO 2023085797A1 KR 2022017615 W KR2022017615 W KR 2022017615W WO 2023085797 A1 WO2023085797 A1 WO 2023085797A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aldehyde compound
- polyurethane foam
- reaction
- compound
- water
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- -1 aldehyde compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000002897 diene group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009878 intermolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXJJKVNIMAZHCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diformylfuran Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 PXJJKVNIMAZHCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001744 Polyaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002323 Silicone foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJRAOMZCVTUHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanic acid;methane Chemical compound C.N=C=O.N=C=O XJRAOMZCVTUHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013514 silicone foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0838—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds
- C08G18/0842—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents
- C08G18/0847—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents in the presence of solvents for the polymers
- C08G18/0852—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents in the presence of solvents for the polymers the solvents being organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3225—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing polyurethane foam, and more particularly, to a method for producing polyurethane foam capable of reducing the amount of a foaming agent added during urethane reaction and controlling the heat of reaction during urethane reaction, and the polyurethane foam by the method it's about
- polyurethane foams are manufactured with a system in which polyol and polyisocyanate are used as main raw materials, and a foaming agent, catalyst, and silicone-based surfactant are mixed.
- soft foam or hard foam is obtained, and the density can be adjusted according to the content of the foaming agent.
- Soft polyurethane foam is produced using a polyol with a relatively high molecular weight (typical number average molecular weight value range: 3,000 to 6,000 g/mol) and an average functional group of about 3. It is mainly used in furniture, mattresses, car seats, It is used in the manufacture of shoes, etc.
- rigid polyurethane is used as a variety of insulating materials, and is prepared using a polyol having a relatively small molecular weight (number average molecular weight value range of 300 to 800 g/mol) and a functional group of about 4 to 5.
- Polyisocyanates used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam together with polyols are mainly aromatic, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-dipheny methane diisocyanate (MDI). It is mainly prepared using isocyanates.
- TDI toluene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4'-dipheny methane diisocyanate
- Water is used as the main foaming agent of polyurethane foam, and water introduced from the outside reacts with polyisocyanate to generate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) while generating a large amount of energy, and the carbon dioxide is used in the foaming process.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- R 1 represents the composition of the aromatic and aliphatic structures of polyisocyanate except for one isocyanate group.
- R 1 -NCO represents polyisocyanate including two or more isocyanate groups (-NCO).
- R 1 represents the composition of the aromatic and aliphatic structures of polyisocyanate except for one isocyanate group.
- auxiliary foaming agents having a low boiling point that can contribute to foaming by absorbing heat and evaporating during the polyurethane foam manufacturing process are used together.
- auxiliary blowing agents have a low boiling point and thus have limited storage stability.
- hydrocarbon-based compounds such as cyclopentane, which is frequently used as an auxiliary blowing agent, require facilities and management to prevent explosions and fires due to their inflammability.
- the conventional polyurethane foam manufacturing technology uses water as the main foaming agent, and the water and isocyanate react instantaneously with the initial raw material to prevent the cause of scorch generated by accumulating high-temperature heat inside. contains as is.
- polyurethane foam that can reduce the input amount of water, which is a foaming agent used in raw materials during polyurethane foam production, and control the amount of heat generated during urethane reaction It is to provide a manufacturing method.
- the present invention is a method for producing polyurethane using raw materials composed of polyol, isocyanate, water as a blowing agent, and other additives, in which an aldehyde compound is added instead of reducing the amount of water in the raw materials.
- the aldehyde compound reacts with the amine compound (R 1 -NH 2 ) generated by the reaction of the isocyanate and the water in the polyurethane reaction process.
- the aldehyde compound performs the following complex functions in the course of the polyurethane reaction, and these functions constitute the technical features of the present invention.
- the aldehyde compound first performs a first function of supplementing an insufficient amount of water, which is a blowing agent, supplied from among the initial raw materials.
- R 1 represents the composition of an aromatic and/or aliphatic structure of polyisocyanate except for one isocyanate group
- R 2 represents the aromatic and/or aliphatic structure of aldehyde compounds except for one aldehyde group. Indicates the composition of the aliphatic structure.
- the water produced in the reaction equation (3) plays a role of replenishing the water as a foaming agent that was added less among the initial raw materials.
- the aldehyde compound performs a second function of controlling or controlling an exothermic reaction accompanying polyurethane reaction.
- the present invention solves this problem at once by constructing a reaction system capable of introducing the blowing agent at time intervals without introducing the blowing agent involved in the urethane reaction at once.
- a reaction system capable of introducing the blowing agent at time intervals without introducing the blowing agent involved in the urethane reaction at once.
- newly produced water during the urethane reaction is supplemented and used.
- the water included in the initial raw material is used as an initial blowing agent, while the water of the reaction formula (3) newly generated in the course of the urethane reaction is used as a later blowing agent.
- the present invention maintains the total amount of the foaming agent, but divides the initial foaming agent in the raw material and the late foaming agent generated during the urethane reaction, and uses them with time gaps.
- the present invention provides a solution that can prevent the overheating phenomenon that rises instantaneously during the urethane reaction, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal decomposition of the foam that causes scorch, and controlling the overheating phenomenon during the urethane reaction. that is being provided
- the aldehyde compound performs a third function of reducing the brittleness of the polyurethane foam caused by the urea component that is inevitably included in the conventional polyurethane reaction.
- a typical conventional urethane reaction generates an amine compound (R 1 -NH 2 ) as in Scheme (1) above, and the amine compound cannot help but generate a urea compound as in Scheme (2) above.
- the content of the urea compound increases, it causes the polyurethane foam to crumble. Therefore, in the case of the prior art, the final polyurethane foam includes the brittleness caused by the urea compound as a problem, and in order to alleviate this problem, a low-boiling auxiliary foaming agent with a high risk of explosion and fire is used. there is.
- the aldehyde compound reacts with an amine compound, forming a Schiff base, as shown in Reaction Scheme (3), to generate water.
- the aldehyde compound reacts with the amine compound to convert the amine compound into a Schiff-base.
- the present invention is to prevent the amine compound from excessively forming urea in the course of the polyurethane foam manufacturing reaction process, thereby solving the problem of brittleness of the foam.
- the aldehyde compound has a fourth function of eliminating or reducing the amount of the auxiliary blowing agent used in the conventional polyurethane reaction, thereby securing the stability of the polyurethane manufacturing process and mitigating the possibility of fire caused by the auxiliary blowing agent. is performing
- the conventional conventional urethane reaction inevitably generates an amine compound (R 1 -NH 2 ) as in the above reaction formula (1), and generates a urea compound as in the above reaction formula (2), When the content of the urea compound increases, it causes the polyurethane foam to crumble. Therefore, in the prior art, in order to minimize the generation of the amine compound, an auxiliary blowing agent has to be used instead of reducing the amount of water used as a blowing agent.
- hydrocarbon-based compounds such as cyclopentane, which are used as auxiliary blowing agents today, are highly flammable and require high-pressure storage facilities.
- the auxiliary foaming agent it is accompanied by the risk of fire due to high flammability, and also has a problem of having to have a high-pressure storage facility.
- the aldehyde compound reacts with an amine compound, forming a Schiff base, as shown in Reaction Scheme (3), to generate water.
- the aldehyde compound reacts with the amine compound, and as a result, the amine compound is converted into a Schiff-base, the urea content can be naturally adjusted to an appropriate level that is not excessive.
- the present invention does not significantly require the use of a separate auxiliary foaming agent, and is vulnerable to fire due to high flammability, and there is no need to use an auxiliary foaming agent until separately equipped with a high-pressure storage facility.
- the aldehyde compound when collected as waste polyurethane foam and depolymerized after the final polyurethane foam is used according to each purpose, it can be carried out in a much easier and lower temperature depolymerization method compared to the current conventional depolymerization method. It has a fifth eco-friendly function that allows
- reaction formula (3) When the polyurethane foam product obtained by the manufacturing method according to the present invention is depolymerized, the reverse reaction of the reaction formula (3) can be performed, which can be represented by the following reaction formula (3').
- R 1 and R 2 are the same as R 1 and R 2 in the reaction formula (3).
- the present invention has the advantage of being able to easily obtain chemical raw materials for recycling compared to conventional methods, and efficiently recovering waste generated in industrial sites to prevent damage to the natural environment.
- the aldehyde compound is used in the polyurethane foam manufacturing process, and preferably contains two or more aldehyde groups in one molecule. This is to prevent the cross-linking density of polyurethane foam from lowering.
- the aldehyde compound may be selected and used among those that do not cause a problem of causing VOC.
- hydroxy aldehyde compounds such as hydroxy methyl furfural and vanillin may also be used as the aldehyde compound.
- aromatic aldehyde compounds may also be used, and if necessary, a material such as copper nitrate may be added as a catalyst to increase reactivity.
- the addition amount of the aldehyde compound can be determined according to the density of the foam to be manufactured by considering the amount of water produced accompanying Schiff-base formation.
- a technical feature is that a Diels-Alder reaction product (hereinafter, abbreviated as 'DA reaction product') of an aldehyde compound is input and used together with the aldehyde compound or alone.
- 'DA reaction product' Diels-Alder reaction product
- the present invention can take advantage of the fact that when the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound is used together with or alone in the polyurethane production process, the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound undergoes a reversible reaction depending on the temperature range.
- the present invention has another advantage of being able to control the internal temperature of the polyurethane manufacturing process through the reversible reaction of the aldehyde compound with the DA reaction product.
- the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound has reversibility, and in the low temperature region around 90 ° C. or less, the forward reaction accompanied by exotherm proceeds, while in the high temperature region around 130 ° C. or higher, the reverse reaction accompanied by endothermation will proceed
- the temperature control function is performed by an internal exothermic reaction during the urethane reaction. Therefore, when the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound is used together with or alone, in addition to performing various functions by the aldehyde compound, the temperature control function of the internal reaction during the urethane reaction can be additionally performed. You will have an advantage.
- R is the remaining aliphatic structure of compounds containing a diene group connected to the diene group
- R' represents the remaining aliphatic structure of a compound containing a diene group connected to the diene group.
- This DA reaction forms different reaction mechanisms in the low-temperature region and the high-temperature region.
- the DA reaction shows reversibility, and in general, a forward reaction accompanied by exotherm proceeds in a low temperature region (around 90 ° C or less), and an endothermic reaction occurs in a high temperature region (around 130 ° C or higher). the reverse reaction occurs.
- the amount of heat involved in the reversible reaction varies depending on the structure of R and R', it is about 20 Kcal/mol.
- the aldehyde compound is a mixed diene containing two double bonds such as furfural
- a compound having a dienophilic unsaturated group eg, castor oil
- a DA reaction product is obtained as shown in Scheme (5) below.
- DA reaction products are aldehyde compounds and show the characteristics of DA reaction products. That is, in the production of polyurethane foam, the DA reaction product of these aldehyde compounds can be used as a blowing agent by generating water while forming a Schiff-base, and preventing excessive urea formation, thereby reducing the brittleness of the urethane foam (friability) In addition, when the internal temperature rises to a high temperature (around 130 ° C. or more) in the course of the urethane reaction, excessive internal temperature increase can be more effectively prevented through heat absorption in the reverse reaction.
- the present invention by using an aldehyde compound in the raw material formulation for producing polyurethane foam, it is possible to appropriately control the heat generated in the reaction process for producing foam and overcome the problem of brittleness of the foam. Therefore, when the technology according to the present invention is used, there is an advantage in that it can solve the heat generation problem and the crumbling problem of the existing polyurethane foam manufacturing process.
- the storage stability of the raw material formulations is excellent and the quality of the final product can be guaranteed.
- the present invention is a method for producing polyurethane using raw materials composed of polyol, isocyanate, water as a blowing agent, and other additives, in which an aldehyde compound is added instead of reducing the amount of water in the raw materials.
- the present invention is a method for producing polyurethane using raw materials composed of polyol, isocyanate, water as a blowing agent and other additives, instead of reducing the amount of water in the raw materials, together with an aldehyde compound,
- the technical feature is that the DA reaction product of aldehyde is added alone.
- the aldehyde compound reacts with the amine compound (R 1 -NH 2 ) generated by the reaction of the isocyanate and the water in the polyurethane reaction process.
- the aldehyde compound performs complex functions as described above in the course of the polyurethane reaction, and these functions constitute the technical features of the present invention.
- the aldehyde compound used in the present invention preferably contains one or two or more aldehyde groups in the molecule.
- an aldehyde group in the molecule such as glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, terephthalaldehyde, 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde, etc. Two or more are preferred.
- a diamine oligomer compound having an amine molecular terminal is capped with a dialdehyde compound to obtain The resulting Schiff-base products can be used.
- diamines that can be used for generating Schiff-bases to increase the compatibility of dialdehyde compounds polyoxyalkylene terminals consisting of amines can be exemplified.
- dialdehyde compounds glutaraldehyde, which is distributed in an aqueous solution, is mixed with a certain amount of polyol, and then, through a dehydration process, a polyol having a certain concentration of dialdehyde is prepared in advance to be used in the formulation of raw materials for polyurethane foam production.
- the reactivity of dialdehyde compounds with amines varies depending on the type of substituent, but is generally very good. If it is desired to promote the Schiff-base formation reaction in the process, various catalysts as introduced in the prior art that can promote the Schiff-base formation reaction can be used.
- the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound in order to control excessive heat of reaction in the production of polyurethane foam using an aldehyde compound, it is preferable to use the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound together with or alone.
- the secondary foaming process by the water generated in the DA reaction process helps to sequentially generate heat, and also introduces an endothermic mechanism through the DA reaction of the aldehyde compound.
- Another technical feature of the present invention is that the DA reaction product of an aldehyde compound is used in the urethane reaction process. This is because the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound exhibits endotherm while causing a reverse reaction at a high temperature (temperature around 130° C. or higher).
- an aldehyde compound having a diene structure such as furfural and a compound having a dienophilic unsaturated bond may be used.
- acrolein which is an aldehyde compound having a dienophilic unsaturated bond. This is because a dialdehyde having a DA reaction product structure can be formed through the reaction equation (6) introduced above.
- a compound having two or more unhybridized double bonds in the molecule may be used even though it does not have an aldehyde group such as acrolein.
- an aldehyde group such as acrolein.
- castor oil as shown in reaction formula (5) can be exemplified.
- a maleimide compound having two or more unhybridized unsaturated bonds, which is frequently used may be used.
- the amount of the aldehyde compound used in the production of polyurethane foam is preferably 10 milliequivalents or more and 300 milliequivalents or less with respect to 100 grams of polyol.
- concentration of aldehyde groups in 100 grams of polyol is less than 10 milliequivalents, the effect of controlling the heat of reaction in the production of polyurethane foam does not reach a substantially meaningful level, and the aldehyde group concentration in 100 grams of polyol is 300 milliequivalents or more.
- the concentration of the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound used in the production of polyurethane foam is preferably 10 milliequivalents or more and 300 milliequivalents or less with respect to 100 grams of polyol.
- concentration of the DA reaction product in 100 grams of polyol is less than 10 milliequivalents, the effect of controlling the heat of reaction in producing polyurethane foam does not reach a substantially meaningful level, and when the concentration of DA reaction product in 100 grams of polyol is 300 milliequivalents or more, poly This is because the intermolecular interaction of urethane and urea groups, which give urethane inherent toughness, is greatly inhibited, so that physical properties of polyurethane foam are greatly deteriorated.
- the concentration of the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound and the aldehyde compound is 10 milliequivalents with respect to 100 grams of polyol It is preferable that it is more than 300 milliequivalents or less.
- concentration of the aldehyde compound and the DA reaction product of the aldehyde compound in 100 grams of the polyol is less than 10 milliequivalents, the effect of controlling the heat of reaction during polyurethane foam production is not substantially meaningful, and thus is not preferable.
- Polyurethane foams which are commonly performed, were run according to standard laboratory procedures commonly practiced in the art. In carrying out this standard test method, in the formulation of the raw materials for foam production in Table 1, it was indicated as a control item.
- Example A-2 the mixing prescription of the initial raw materials according to Example 1 was followed, and then all processes were carried out in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1, except that the amount of water introduced in the initial raw material mixing was changed. Instead of reducing the supply to 3.2 grams, 2.78 grams of glutaraldehyde was newly added.
- Example A-3 the mixing prescription of the initial raw materials according to Example 1 was followed, and then all processes were carried out in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1, except that the amount of water introduced in the initial raw material mixing was changed. Instead of reducing the supply to 2.7 grams, 4.17 grams of glutaraldehyde was newly added.
- Example DA-1 the mixing prescription of the initial raw materials according to Example 1 was followed, and thereafter, all processes were carried out in the same way as in Example 1, except that the amount of water introduced in the initial raw material mixing was 2.5 Instead of reducing the supply in grams, 4.17 grams of glutaraldehyde and 5 grams of DA adduct were newly added.
- Example DA-2 the mixing prescription of the initial raw materials according to Example 1 was followed, and then all processes were carried out in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1, except that the amount of water introduced in the initial raw material mixing was Instead of reducing the supply to 2.3 grams, 4.17 grams of glutaraldehyde and 10 grams of DA adduct were newly added.
- Example 3 the mixing prescription of the initial raw materials according to Example 1 was followed, and then all processes were carried out in the same way as in Example 1, except that the amount of water introduced in the initial raw material mixing was 2.1 grams. Instead of reducing the supply, 4.17 grams of glutaraldehyde and 15 grams of DA adduct were newly added.
- the present inventors in order to confirm the performance of the polyurethane foam obtained by each of the above-mentioned examples, measured the properties in the following manner.
- thermometer in the paper cup introduced in Preparation Example 1 It was placed in the center, and the internal maximum rise temperature of the expanded foam was measured.
- the method for measuring the internal temperature of the expanded foam was carried out in the same manner as in Preparation Example A-1 to Preparation Example DA-3.
- the present inventors kept the obtained polyurethane foam at room temperature for 2 days, and then took a sample from the center of the obtained foam. One density was measured. the size of the sample It was sampled in 50 X 50 X 50 mm, and the weight (w) was measured using a precision balance, and then the density was calculated by dividing by the volume.
- the method for measuring the density of the expanded foam was carried out in the same manner as above for all of the above Preparation Examples A-1 to DA-3.
- the density of the expanded foam produced in this way is also shown in Table 1 below.
- the present inventors contacted a specimen of the polyurethane foam with their hands and measured it in a sensory test method. In this way, when the surface of the specimen was touched by hand, the surface of the expanded foam was examined sensorily to see if the powder was smeared.
- the present invention when glutaraldehyde is added during the production of flexible polyurethane foam (A-1 to A-3), foam production according to the amount of glutaraldehyde added It was confirmed that the internal temperature rise due to the reaction heat accompanying the reaction was effectively lowered, and it was possible to control the internal temperature of the foam through the sequential generation of water and the exothermic reaction by the generated water.
- the present invention clearly shows that the brittleness of the finally obtained polyurethane foam is greatly improved. This is based on a sensory test to confirm by touching the surface of the specimen by hand, but it is theoretically well supported. This is because the aldehyde compound reacts with the amine compound generated during the urethane reaction to generate Schiff-base and water, thereby depleting the content of the amine compound inside the urethane foam. As a result, the amount of urea compound produced inside the urethane foam is reduced.
- the polyurethane foam obtained by the present invention inevitably contains much less urea compound in the final urethane foam component than the conventional polyurethane foam, which has been confirmed experimentally and theoretically. It will be.
- the present invention relates to polyurethane foam.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Raw Materials | Control | A-1 | A-2 | A-3 | DA-1 | DA-2 | DA-3 |
PPG1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 85 |
Glutaraldehyde | 0 | 1.39 | 2.78 | 4.17 | 4.17 | 4.17 | 4.17 |
DA adduct2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 |
Silicone surfactant (L580®)3 |
1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Amine catalyst (A1®)4 |
0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Amine catalyst (DABCO 33LV®) 5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Tin catalyst (T9®)6 |
0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
Water | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
TDI7 Index | 105 | 105 | 105 | 108 | 105 | 105 | 105 |
Maximum temperature (℃) | 150 | 145 | 141 | 136 | 132 | 129 | 125 |
Free Rise Density (Kg/m3) |
29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
Friability | Poor | O.K. | O.K. | O.K. | O.K. | O.K. | O.K. |
Claims (10)
- 폴리올과 이소시아네이트와 발포제로서의 물과 나머지 첨가제들로 구성된 원료 물질들을 이용하여 폴리우레탄을 제조하는 방법에 있어서, 상기 원료물질들 중의 물의 투입량을 줄여주는 대신에, 알데히드 화합물을 새롭게 투입하는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 원료물질들 중의 물의 투입량을 줄여주는 대신에, 알데히드 화합물과 함께, 또는 단독으로, 알데히드 화합물의 DA 반응 생성물을 새롭게 투입하는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 알데히드 화합물은, 중량 기준으로, 폴리올 100 그램에 대하여 알데히드 그룹의 농도가 10 밀리당량 ~ 300 밀리당량을 첨가하여 제조하는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 알데히드 화합물의 DA 반응 생성물은, 중량 기준으로, 폴리올 100 그램에 대하여 DA 반응 생성물 그룹의 농도가 10 밀리당량 ~ 300 밀리당량을 첨가하여 제조하는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 알데히드 화합물과 상기 알데히드 화합물의 DA 반응 생성물은, 중량 기준으로, 폴리올 100 그램에 대하여 상기 알데히드 화합물과 상기 알데히드 화합물의 DA 반응 생성물의 농도가 10 밀리당량 ~ 300 밀리당량 첨가하여 제조하는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 알데히드 화합물은, 알데히드 그룹을 가지지 않은 경우라도, 분자내에 2개 이상의 혼성화되지 않은 이중 결합을 가진 화합물로 대체하여 사용되는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 알데히드 화합물은, 혼성화되지 않은 불포화 결합을 2개 이상 가진 것으로 자주 사용하는 말레이미드 화합물로 대체하여 사용되는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조방법.
- 초기 원료 물질이 폴리올과 이소시아네이트와 발포제로서의 물과 나머지 첨가제들로 구성되어 있고, 상기 초기 원료 물질 중에서 물의 사용 량을 줄여주는 대신에 상기 초기 원료 물질에 알데히드 화합물을 새롭게 추가하여 투입하고,상기 알데히드 화합물이 우레탄 반응과정에서 생성된 아민 화합물과 반응하여 시프-염기(Schiff-base)와 물을 형성하고, 상기 시프-염기(Schiff-base)와 함께 생성된 물이 추가적인 후기 발포제로 사용되어짐으로써, 얻어지는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 초기 원료 물질에, 알데히드 화합물 이외에 알데히드 화합물의 딜스-알더 반응생성물을 새롭게 추가하여 투입하고,상기 알데히드 화합물은 우레탄 반응과정에서 생성된 아민 화합물과 반응하여 시프-염기(Schiff-base)와 물을 형성하고, 상기 시프-염기(Schiff-base)와 함께 생성된 물이 추가적인 후기 발포제로 사용되어지며,상기 알데히드 화합물의 딜스-알더 반응생성물은, 가역반응을 진행하여 우레탄 반응과정에서 발생되는 반응열을 제어하는데 사용되어짐으로써, 얻어지는 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼.
- 제 8 항 또는 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 알데히드 화합물이 우레탄 반응시 발생되는 아민 화합물과 반응하여 시프-염기(Schiff-base)와 물을 생성하게 됨으로써, 우레탄 발포 폼의 내부에서 아민 화합물을 시프-염기(Schiff-base)로 전환시키게 되고,그 결과, 우레탄 발포 폼의 내부에 과도한 우레아 화합물의 생성을 감소시켜서 최종 우레탄 발포성분 중에 우레아 화합물의 함량을 감소시킨 것을 특징으로 한, 폴리우레탄 폼.
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CN113980216A (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 苏州大学 | 一种链状大分子阻燃剂的制备方法和应用 |
CN113980216B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-12-26 | 苏州大学 | 一种链状大分子阻燃剂的制备方法和应用 |
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