WO2023000543A1 - Film optique à expansion de faisceau, appareil d'affichage et film optique à expansion de faisceau multidirectionnel - Google Patents

Film optique à expansion de faisceau, appareil d'affichage et film optique à expansion de faisceau multidirectionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023000543A1
WO2023000543A1 PCT/CN2021/128211 CN2021128211W WO2023000543A1 WO 2023000543 A1 WO2023000543 A1 WO 2023000543A1 CN 2021128211 W CN2021128211 W CN 2021128211W WO 2023000543 A1 WO2023000543 A1 WO 2023000543A1
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segments
film layer
beam expander
section
prisms
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PCT/CN2021/128211
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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卢增祥
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亿信科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2023000543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000543A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type

Definitions

  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another angle of the display device in Fig. 1;
  • the multi-focus film layer 20 is a Fresnel film layer, and there are multiple tooth-like structures 22, wherein a plurality of tooth-like structures 22 are ring-shaped, and a plurality of ring-shaped tooth-like structures 22 are arranged concentrically and have an inner diameter different, and at least one group of adjacent two ring-shaped tooth-like structures 22 are spaced apart to form a ring-shaped planar structure 21 therebetween.
  • the focal length is infinity, and the focal length after combining this part with the focal length f0 of the lens 10 is still f0, so the combination of the Fresnel film layer and the lens 10 can form a bifocal lens 10, so as to realize the imaging of the bifocal lens 10 on two planes , to provide users with images with parallax, so as to achieve the effect of three-dimensional display.
  • the display of three or more focal planes can be realized. When the pixels are fused, a high eye tracking accuracy is required.
  • the law of focal length imaging when viewing, the far image plane is 10 stops away from the lens, and its imaging pixels have a small opening angle compared to the entire stop, that is, the beam coverage area cannot cover both eyes of the viewer at the same time, and can provide the viewer with Provides images with parallax. Since the near image plane is closer to the 10th stop of the lens, its imaging pixels have a larger opening angle with respect to the whole stop surface, and the light beam coverage area is larger, which will result in the inability to effectively separate the eyes of the viewer and provide an image with parallax.
  • the rectangular multi-focus film layer 20 is formed by splicing two square sub-areas 23.
  • the imaging light beam of the near image reaches the two sub-areas 23, it will be bent in two directions respectively to realize reduction.
  • the small beam angle can reduce the divergence angle of the near image, so that the near image can also provide images with parallax.
  • the two sub-areas 23 are directly fabricated instead of selected from the entire Fresnel film layer. This setting makes the light beam be divided into two beams after passing through the multi-focus film layer 20 formed by the two sub-regions 23 , and point to two directions in space respectively. There is a right angle between the arrangement directions of the plurality of tooth structures 22 in the two sub-regions 23 .
  • Fig. 11a, Fig. 11b, Fig. 11c and Fig. 11d there are tooth-shaped structures 22 and planar structures 21 respectively in the two sub-regions 23 in the figure.
  • the light beam passes through two After the sub-regions 23 are refracted, three beams of light are emitted, and when the eyes look through the three beams of light, they will see the images of the pixels in three different positions.
  • the imaging positions thereof will also have a 90° phase.
  • the alignment directions of the plurality of tooth structures 22 in the two sub-regions 23 form a right angle, that is, the difference of 90 degrees between the two sub-regions 23 is just an example, and the phase difference can be other values. If the phase difference is at another angle, the mapping of all the image points is a polygon.
  • this application also proposes multiple tooth-shaped In the case where the arrangement directions of the structures 22 form an acute angle, optionally, the acute angle is 60 degrees.
  • a is a lighted pixel, and there will be pixels on both the far image plane and the near image plane; Image point, b is the interference pixel, and some red points are interference pixels. It can be seen from the figure that each interference pixel is at the same distance from the target pixel, which can ensure that the brightness of the target pixel on the image surface is consistent, and the other eye of the observer can at any azimuth of the pixel of interest.
  • Point a in Fig. 13a is the image point of the planar structure 21 of the multi-focus film layer spliced into two sub-regions in Fig. 12 by lighting up pixels, on the far image plane;
  • the image point behind the structure 22 is on the near image plane.
  • Point a in Figure 13c is the image of the planar structure 21 of the multi-focus film layer spliced by another lighted pixel through the two sub-regions in Figure 12, on the far image plane; points b and c are the lighted pixels passing through The image point behind the tooth-like structure 22 is on the near image plane.
  • the above two sub-regions 23 can also be two sub-regions 23 selected from the complete Fresnel film layer, and the two sub-regions 23 are arranged at an acute angle or a right angle on the Fresnel film layer, that is to say, the two sub-regions 23 As for the connection line to the center position of the Fresnel film layer, the angle between the two connection lines is 60 degrees or 90 degrees, which can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the multiple grating film layers include a first grating film layer 30 and a second grating film layer 40, the first grating film layer
  • the film layer 30 has a plurality of first prisms 32 arranged in sequence along the first direction
  • the second grating film layer 40 has a plurality of second prisms 41 arranged along the second direction, and there is a gap between the first direction and the second direction.
  • angle, the included angle is a right angle.
  • a plurality of first prisms 32 on the first grating film layer 30 are arranged at intervals to form a first plane area 31 between two adjacent first prisms 32, and the first prisms 32 include at least one plane area inclined to the first plane area 31.
  • the first beam expanding surface 321 provided; a plurality of second prisms 41 on the second grating film layer 40 are arranged at intervals to form a second plane area between two adjacent second prisms 41, and the second prisms 41 include at least A second beam expanding surface inclined to the second plane area, the first grating film layer 30 is located between the second grating film layer 40 and the multi-focus film layer 20 .
  • the divergence angle will be enlarged according to the law of refraction.
  • the light spot covers both eyes within the designed viewing distance.
  • the refraction surface of the grating film layer in this application is set to have a certain curvature K during production, and the first beam expander surface 321 and the second beam expander surface are set to arc surfaces.
  • An appropriate curvature K is designed so that when the pixel beam passes through the grating film, the beam angle changes little or does not change.
  • the size of the pixel spot does not cover both eyes within the designed viewing distance, ensuring that the human eye can see the parallax image.
  • the cross section of the first prism 32 is trapezoidal, and the surface formed by the two waists of the trapezoid is the first beam expanding surface 321; the cross section of the second prism 41 is trapezoidal, and the surface formed by the two waists of the trapezoid is the first beam expanding surface 321; Two beam expanders.
  • the first prism 32 is located on the surface of the first grating film layer 30 away from the multi-focus film layer 20
  • the second prism 41 is located on the surface of the second grating film layer 40 away from the first grating film layer 30 .
  • the function of the first grating film layer 30 is to open the light beam incident on it in a dimension perpendicular to its linear dimension
  • the function of the second grating film layer 40 is to split the first grating film layer 30 in one dimension
  • the light beams are opened again in its vertical dimension, such as a light beam passing through the first grating film layer 30 is divided into three beams on the X axis, and the three beams of light are respectively directed to three directions in space.
  • the three beams of light pass through the second grating film layer 40 , the three beams of light will be divided into three beams again, that is, 9 beams of light will be emitted, and finally one beam of light will be divided into 9 beams and emitted in 9 directions.
  • the sub-pixel when a sub-pixel is lit, the sub-pixel can be seen in 9 directions in space. Since the divergence angle of each beam of light is very small, when the human eye is used to track, the non-target beam will affect the viewer The probability is very small.
  • the first prism 32 with a trapezoidal cross section can divide the incident light beams into three beams and output them in three directions.
  • there is one grating film layer that is to say, only the first grating film layer 30 or the second grating film layer 40 can be provided, so that a beam of light is divided into three beams through the grating film layer Light is transmitted in three directions.
  • the angle between the first direction and the second direction is an acute angle, and the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be set according to actual needs.
  • the cross section of the first prism 32 is triangular, and the cross section of the second prism 41 is triangular.
  • the first prism has four first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments are arranged at an angle, and there are at least two first face segments among the four first face segments A beam expanding surface segment; wherein, the four first surface segments are all straight surface segments; or the four first surface segments are arc surface segments; or two of the four first surface segments are straight surface segments, The other two first surface segments are arc surface segments, and among the four first surface segments, the surface shapes of the two first surface segments in the middle are the same, and the two first surface segments at both ends have the same surface shape.
  • the two first face segments in the middle are straight face segments
  • the two first face segments at both ends are arc face segments
  • the two first face segments at both ends are arc face segments
  • the first face segment is a straight face segment
  • the second prism has four second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second face segments are arranged at an angle, and there are at least two second face segments among the four second face segments Two beam expander surface segments; wherein, the four second surface segments are all straight surface segments; or the four second surface segments are all arc surface segments; or two of the four second surface segments are straight surface segments, The other two second surface segments are arc surface segments, and among the four second surface segments, the surface shapes of the two middle second surface segments are the same, and the surface shapes of the two second surface segments at both ends are the same.
  • the two second face segments in the middle are straight face segments
  • the two second face segments at both ends are arc face segments
  • the two second face segments at both ends are arc face segments
  • the second face segment is a straight face segment
  • the cross section of the first prism 32 is not trapezoidal; the cross section of the second prism 41 is not trapezoidal.
  • the first prism 32 has five first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, and an angle is set between two adjacent first face segments, at least one first plane segment 322 is provided in the five first face segments, five
  • the first surface segment also has a first beam expanding surface segment 323 which is obliquely arranged relative to the first plane segment 322 . Both sides of the first plane segment 322 have two first beam expander segments 323 respectively.
  • the two first beam expanding surface sections 323 on one side are straight sections; or, as shown in FIG.
  • the two first beam expanding surface sections 323 are arc surface sections; or the two first beam expanding surface sections One of the first beam expanding surface segments is a straight segment, and the other first beam expanding segment is an arc segment. It should be noted that the surface segments on both sides of the first plane segment 322 are arranged symmetrically.
  • the second prism 41 has five second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, and an angle is set between two adjacent second face segments, at least one second plane segment is provided in the five second face segments, and five second face segments are arranged at an angle.
  • the second surface section also has a second beam expander surface section which is inclined relative to the second plane section. There are two second beam expander surface sections on both sides of the second plane section respectively. The two second beam expander sections on one side are both straight sections; or the two second beam expander sections are both curved sections; or one of the two second beam expander sections is a straight section segment, and the other second beam expander segment is an arc segment. It should be noted that the surface segments on both sides of the second plane segment are arranged symmetrically.
  • the first beam expanding surface section 323 away from the first plane section 322 can be made into a straight section, that is, one side of the first plane section 322 is far away from the first beam expanding surface section 323.
  • the direction of the plane segment 322 is an arc segment and a straight segment in turn.
  • the first prism 32 Since the first prism 32 has five facets, one beam of light is divided into five beams after passing through the first prism 32 and transmitted in five directions, thereby effectively increasing the coverage of the beam and satisfying viewing angles.
  • the number of first surface segments on the first prism 32 may be five, and the number of second surface segments on the second prism 41 may be five. It can be multiple, the number of the first surface segment and the number of the second surface segment can be designed according to the actual situation, so that a beam of light is divided into more sub-beams, pointing to more spaces, and satisfying a large viewing angle watch.
  • the above-mentioned display device is a tensor pixel.
  • Tensor is a multiple linear map defined on the Cartesian product of vector space or dual space, and its coordinates are in
  • the tensor pixel it refers to the pixel unit formed by an array of independently controllable display devices, which are imaged on different planes in space after passing through optical components.
  • the tensor pixel is a pixel unit in the three-dimensional coordinate space.
  • the tensor Pixels can form a 3D image frame.
  • the tensor pixel can be a virtual image or a real image formed by optical components.
  • the above-mentioned dense display device may be a microLED or other types of displays.
  • the multi-directional beam expanding optical film includes a grating film layer, and one side surface of the grating film layer has at least a planar area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the planar area, so that the light sequentially passing through the grating film layer can be displayed in multiple directions;
  • the multiple grating film layers include a first grating film layer 30 and a second grating film layer 40.
  • the first grating film layer 30 has a plurality of first prisms 32 arranged in sequence along the first direction;
  • the grating film layer 40 has a plurality of second prisms 41 arranged along the second direction, and there is an included angle between the first direction and the second direction, and the included angle is a right angle.
  • a plurality of first prisms 32 are arranged at intervals to form a first planar area 31 between two adjacent first prisms 32, and the first prisms 32 include at least one first beam expanding surface 321 obliquely arranged with the first planar area 31
  • a plurality of second prisms 41 are arranged at intervals to form a second plane area between two adjacent second prisms 41, and the second prism 41 includes at least one second beam expanding surface inclined to the second plane area.
  • the cross section of the first prism 32 is trapezoidal or triangular; the cross section of the second prism 41 is trapezoidal or triangular.
  • angle between the first direction and the second direction may also be an acute angle.
  • the first prism has four first face segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first face segments are arranged at an angle, and at least two of the four first face segments have first expanding Beam surface segments; wherein, the four first surface segments are all straight face segments; or the four first face segments are arc surface segments; or at least two of the four first face segments are straight face segments, at least The two first face segments are arc face segments.
  • the second prism has four second surface segments arranged continuously along the second direction, two adjacent second surface segments are arranged at an angle, and there are at least two second beam expanding surface segments among the four second surface segments; Among them, the four second surface segments are all straight face segments; or the four second face segments are arc surface segments; or at least two of the four second face segments are straight face segments, and at least the other two second face segments are The dihedral segment is an arc segment.
  • the first prism has five first surface segments arranged continuously along the first direction, two adjacent first surface segments are arranged at an angle, and there is at least one first plane segment among the five first surface segments , among the five first surface segments, there is also a first beam expander surface segment that is inclined relative to the first plane segment, and one side of the first plane segment has at least two first beam expander surface segments; wherein, the two first The beam expander sections are all straight sections; or the two first beam expander sections are both curved sections; or one of the two first beam expander sections is a straight section, and the other first beam expander section
  • the beam segment is an arc segment.
  • the second prism has five second face segments arranged continuously along the second direction, and an angle is set between two adjacent second face segments, at least one second plane segment is provided in the five second face segments, and the five second face segments are arranged at an angle.
  • the second plane section also has a second beam expander section inclined relative to the second plane section, and one side of the second plane section has at least two second beam expander section; wherein, the two second beam expander section Both are straight surface segments; or the two second beam expander surface segments are arc surface segments; or one of the two second beam expander surface segments is a straight surface segment, and the other second beam expander surface segment is arc segment.
  • the vector pixel includes a dense display device, a lens 10 and the above-mentioned multi-directional beam expanding optical film, and the dense display device is one; the lens 10 is arranged on one side of the dense display device, and the lens 10 is one; the multi-directional beam expanding optical film is arranged on the lens 10 away from the side of the dense display device, the first grating film layer 30 is arranged between the second grating film layer 40 and the lens 10 . Since the vector pixel of the present application does not have a multi-focus film layer 20, it cannot realize 3D display, but can only realize 2D flat display, that is to say, there is only one display layer, which can provide viewers with a light field display of binocular parallax and moving parallax .
  • the vector pixel meets the following conditions: 1.
  • the point light source has a narrow beam. Compared with a larger display scale, it can be approximated as a point-emitting light source (for example, the light source only occupies less than one ten-thousandth of the display area), and most of the light beams emitted to the space have the following properties: If the light intensity drops to this 50% of the maximum light intensity of the beam is the boundary of the beam, with the light source as the center, the minimum spatial spherical angle that can include all boundaries is less than 10 degrees. 2. It can support not less than 100 directions that can be distinguished to project the above-mentioned light beams. 3. The above beams can be emitted to two or more directions at the same time. 4. The brightness of the above-mentioned light beams supports at least 16 adjustable levels.
  • the beam expander optical film includes a multi-focus film layer and a grating film layer, the grating film layer is located on the light-emitting side of the multi-focus film layer, and the surface of the grating film layer away from the multi-focus film layer has at least a plane area And the beam expander surface inclined to the plane area, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes through the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer sequentially, and the image of the pixel can be seen in multiple directions.
  • the multi-focus film layer has multiple focal lengths, so that the multi-focus film layer can realize the display of multiple focal planes, so that the user can observe images with parallax at least in two depth planes, so that To achieve the effect of three-dimensional display.
  • the multi-focus film layer has the advantage of being lighter and thinner, which effectively reduces the overall weight of the multi-focus film layer and ensures the miniaturization of the beam expander optical film.
  • On the side surface of the grating film layer far away from the multi-focus film layer there are at least a plane area and a beam expanding surface inclined to the plane area.
  • the beam expanding surface can expand a beam of light into multiple beams of light, and then The multiple beams of light can be transmitted in multiple directions, so that the multiple beams of light can point to more spaces, so as to achieve the function of increasing the viewing angle, increase the viewing range of the user, and improve the user experience.
  • the beam expander optical film combines the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer, so that the light emitted by the pixel can be imaged on multiple planes after passing through the multi-focus film layer and the grating film layer in sequence, and can be seen in multiple directions The pixel image to achieve a large viewing angle and multi-dimensional display effect.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un film optique à expansion de faisceau, un appareil d'affichage et un film optique à expansion de faisceau multidirectionnel. Le film optique à expansion de faisceau comprend : une couche de film multifocale (20) ; une couche de film de réseau de diffraction, la couche de film de réseau de diffraction étant située au niveau d'un côté d'émission de lumière de la couche de film multifocale (20), et la couche de film de réseau comprenant au moins une région plane et une surface d'expansion de faisceau disposée obliquement par rapport à la région plane sur une surface latérale distante de la couche de film multifocale (20), de telle sorte que la lumière émise par des pixels à travers la couche de film multifocale (20) et la couche de film de réseau en séquence peut être imagée dans de multiples plans, et une image des pixels peut être vue dans de multiples directions.
PCT/CN2021/128211 2021-07-22 2021-11-02 Film optique à expansion de faisceau, appareil d'affichage et film optique à expansion de faisceau multidirectionnel WO2023000543A1 (fr)

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CN202110833276.8 2021-07-22
CN202110833276.8A CN113589540B (zh) 2021-07-22 2021-07-22 扩束光学膜、显示装置和多方向扩束光学膜

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CN113589540B (zh) * 2021-07-22 2023-07-18 亿信科技发展有限公司 扩束光学膜、显示装置和多方向扩束光学膜

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