WO2022249943A1 - 推定装置、蓄電装置、推定方法 - Google Patents
推定装置、蓄電装置、推定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022249943A1 WO2022249943A1 PCT/JP2022/020636 JP2022020636W WO2022249943A1 WO 2022249943 A1 WO2022249943 A1 WO 2022249943A1 JP 2022020636 W JP2022020636 W JP 2022020636W WO 2022249943 A1 WO2022249943 A1 WO 2022249943A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 39
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
- G01R31/3832—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration without measurement of battery voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for correcting current measurement errors and improving the accuracy of estimating the remaining amount of electricity in a storage cell or assembled battery.
- Patent Document 1 A technique is known for measuring the current and voltage of a storage cell or battery pack and estimating the remaining amount of electricity in the storage cell or battery pack from the measurement results (for example, Patent Document 1 below).
- One of the methods for estimating the remaining amount of electricity in a storage cell or assembled battery is the current integration method.
- the current integration method errors due to measurement errors contained in the current measurement values are accumulated in the estimation results (hereinafter, such errors accumulated in the estimation results of the residual electricity amount are referred to as "accumulated errors”. ).
- the present invention discloses a technique for obtaining a correction value for a current measurement error and improving the estimation accuracy of the accumulated error.
- An estimating device for estimating a remaining amount of electricity in a storage cell or a battery pack includes a first process for estimating a remaining amount of electricity based on an integrated value of the current of the storage cell or the assembled battery, and an integrated value of the measurement error of the current. Based on, a second process of estimating the cumulative error of the remaining amount of electricity, a third process of estimating the remaining amount of electricity by a method different from the first process, the remaining amount of electricity estimated in the first process, and the A correction value for the measurement error is calculated based on a fourth process of calculating a residual amount of electricity difference, which is a difference from the remaining amount of electricity estimated in the third process, and the cumulative error and the residual amount of electricity difference. and a fifth process.
- the remaining capacity [Ah] of the storage cell or assembled battery, SOC (State of Charge) [%], etc. can be exemplified.
- the present invention can be applied to a power storage device, and can also be applied to a method for estimating a remaining amount of electricity for a power storage device and a program for estimating a remaining amount of electricity.
- An estimating device for estimating a remaining amount of electricity in a storage cell or an assembled battery includes a first process for estimating the remaining amount of electricity based on an integrated value of the current of the storage cell or the assembled battery; A second process of estimating a cumulative error of the remaining amount of electricity based on the integrated value, a third process of estimating the remaining amount of electricity by a method different from the first process, and a remaining amount of electricity estimated in the first process. and a fourth process of calculating a residual amount of electricity difference that is a difference from the remaining amount of electricity estimated in the third process, and a correction value for the measurement error based on the cumulative error and the residual amount of electricity difference A fifth process of calculating is executed.
- the remaining amount of electricity is estimated based on the integrated value of the current of the storage cell or the assembled battery (first process), and the accumulated error of the remaining amount of electricity is estimated based on the integrated value of the current measurement error ( second processing).
- a measurement error is an arbitrary value set based on a statistical value or an experimental value instead of a true error value that is difficult to measure directly.
- the remaining amount of electricity in the storage cell or assembled battery is estimated by a method different from the first process (third process).
- a residual quantity of electricity difference which is the difference between the residual quantity of electricity estimated in the first process and the residual quantity of electricity estimated in the third process, is calculated (fourth process). Since the remaining amount of electricity estimated in the third process is not based on the current integrated value, it does not include an error caused by the current. Therefore, the residual electric quantity difference calculated in the fourth process reflects the accumulated error caused by the current.
- Errors caused by current include gain error and offset error. Since the gain error is canceled by repeating charging and discharging, it is required to reduce the influence of the offset error in order to improve the estimation accuracy of the remaining amount of electricity.
- the residual electric quantity difference calculated in the fourth process includes the cumulative value of the offset error.
- a correction value for the measurement error is calculated based on the accumulated error and the difference in the amount of residual electricity thus obtained (fifth processing).
- the correction value of the measurement error it can be determined whether the value of the measurement error used in the second process is appropriate. For example, if the calculated correction value is negligibly small, it can be determined that the measurement error value used in the second process is appropriate and the accuracy of the accumulated error estimated based on the measurement error is sufficiently high. If the calculated correction value is a very large value, the value of the measurement error used in the second process is incorrect and needs to be corrected, or there is a possibility that an abnormality has occurred in the current measurement circuit or the like. can be determined to be viable.
- the estimating device may perform the sixth process to correct the measurement error when the difference between the cumulative error and the residual electrical quantity difference exceeds a threshold.
- the difference between the accumulated error and the residual electric quantity difference is large, it is assumed that the accumulated error, which is the accumulated value of the measurement errors, is large. Specifically, this is the case where the accumulated error is large as a result of setting the measurement error to a value larger than the true value.
- the sixth process and correcting the measurement error the measurement error can be brought closer to the true value. As a result, the accuracy of estimating the remaining amount of electricity in the storage cell or assembled battery based on the integrated value of current is improved, and the battery performance of the storage cell or assembled battery can be utilized to the maximum.
- the remaining amount of electricity in the storage cell or the assembled battery may be estimated by a full charge detection method in which the storage cell or the assembled battery is charged to full charge.
- the estimation accuracy is higher than the remaining amount of electricity estimated based on the integrated value of the current.
- the remaining amount of electricity estimated in the first process can be corrected with high accuracy. As a result, a highly accurate correction value can be obtained in the fifth process.
- the power storage device includes a power storage cell or an assembled battery, a current measuring unit that measures the current of the power storage cell or the assembled battery, and the estimation device described above. Since the estimating device improves the accuracy of estimating the remaining amount of electricity in the storage cell or the assembled battery, the performance of the storage cell or the assembled battery can be utilized to the maximum.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of an automobile 10, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a battery 50.
- FIG. The automobile 10 is an engine-driven vehicle and includes a battery 50 .
- the automobile 10 may be provided with a power storage device or a fuel cell as a vehicle driving device instead of the engine (internal combustion engine).
- the engine 20 is shown, and the other parts constituting the automobile 10 are omitted.
- the automobile 10 is an example of a "vehicle”
- the battery 50 is an example of a "power storage device”.
- the battery 50 includes an assembled battery 60, a circuit board unit 65, and a container 71.
- the container 71 includes a main body 73 and a lid 74 made of synthetic resin material.
- the main body 73 has a cylindrical shape with a bottom.
- the main body 73 has a bottom portion 75 and four side portions 76 .
- An upper opening 77 is formed at the upper end portion by the four side portions 76 .
- the housing body 71 houses the assembled battery 60 and the circuit board unit 65 .
- the assembled battery 60 has 12 secondary battery cells 62 .
- the secondary battery cell 62 is an example of a "storage cell.”
- the 12 secondary battery cells 62 are connected in 3-parallel and 4-series.
- the circuit board unit 65 is arranged above the assembled battery 60 .
- FIG. 6 which will be described later, three secondary battery cells 62 connected in parallel are represented by one battery symbol.
- the lid body 74 shown in FIG. 2 closes the upper opening 77 of the main body 73 .
- An outer peripheral wall 78 is provided around the lid body 74 .
- the lid 74 has a projecting portion 79 that is substantially T-shaped in plan view.
- a positive external terminal 52 is fixed to one corner of the front portion (left front side in FIG. 2) of the lid 74, and a negative external terminal 51 is fixed to the other corner.
- the secondary battery cell 62 has an electrode body 83 housed in a rectangular parallelepiped case 82 together with a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the secondary battery cell 62 in this embodiment is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the case 82 has a case main body 84 and a lid 85 that closes the upper opening.
- the secondary battery cell 62 is not limited to the prismatic cell shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and may be a cylindrical cell or a pouch cell having a laminate film case.
- a separator made of a porous resin film is interposed between a negative electrode element in which an active material is applied to a base material made of copper foil, for example, and a positive electrode element in which an active material is applied to a base material made of aluminum foil. It is arranged.
- Each of these is strip-shaped, and is wound flat so as to be accommodated in the case main body 84 with the negative electrode element and the positive electrode element shifted to opposite sides in the width direction with respect to the separator. .
- the electrode body 83 may be of the laminated type instead of the wound type.
- a positive terminal 87 is connected to the positive element via a positive current collector 86, and a negative terminal 89 is connected to the negative element via a negative current collector 88 (see FIG. 4).
- the positive electrode current collector 86 and the negative electrode current collector 88 are composed of a flat plate-shaped pedestal portion 90 and leg portions 91 extending from the pedestal portion 90 .
- a through hole is formed in the base portion 90 .
- Leg 91 is connected to the positive or negative element.
- the positive terminal 87 and the negative terminal 89 are composed of a terminal body portion 92 and a shaft portion 93 protruding downward from the center portion of the lower surface thereof.
- the terminal body portion 92 and the shaft portion 93 of the positive electrode terminal 87 are integrally formed of aluminum (single material).
- the terminal body portion 92 is made of aluminum and the shaft portion 93 is made of copper, and these are assembled together.
- the terminal body portions 92 of the positive electrode terminal 87 and the negative electrode terminal 89 are arranged at both ends of the lid 85 via gaskets 94 made of an insulating material and are exposed to the outside through the gaskets 94 .
- the lid 85 has a pressure relief valve 95 .
- Pressure relief valve 95 is positioned between positive terminal 87 and negative terminal 89 as shown in FIG.
- the pressure release valve 95 opens to reduce the internal pressure of the case 82 when the internal pressure of the case 82 exceeds the limit value.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of the automobile 10
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of the battery 50.
- the automobile 10 includes an engine 20 as a driving device, an engine control unit 21, an engine starting device 23, an alternator 25 as a vehicle generator, an electric load 27, a vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit). ) 30 and a battery 50 .
- the battery 50 is connected to the power line 37.
- An engine starter 23 , an alternator 25 and an electric load 27 are connected to the battery 50 via a power line 37 .
- the engine starting device 23 includes a starter motor. When the ignition switch 24 is turned on, a cranking current flows from the battery 50 to drive the engine starter 23 . By driving the engine starting device 23, the crankshaft rotates and the engine 20 can be started.
- the electric load 27 is an electric load mounted on the automobile 10 other than the engine starting device 23.
- the electric load 27 has a rated voltage of 12V and includes an air conditioner, an audio system, a car navigation system, auxiliary equipment, and the like.
- the alternator 25 is a vehicle generator that generates power using the power of the engine 20 .
- the battery 50 is charged by the alternator 25 when the amount of power generated by the alternator 25 exceeds the amount of power consumed by the electric load of the vehicle 10 .
- the battery 50 is discharged to make up for the lack of the amount of power generated.
- the vehicle ECU 30 is communicably connected to the battery 50 via the communication line M1, and is communicably connected to the alternator 25 via the communication line M2. Vehicle ECU 30 receives SOC information from battery 50 and controls the SOC of battery 50 by controlling the amount of power generated by alternator 25 .
- the vehicle ECU 30 is communicably connected to the engine control unit 21 via a communication line M3.
- the engine control unit 21 is mounted on the automobile 10 and monitors the operating state of the engine 20 .
- the engine control unit 21 monitors the running state of the automobile 10 from the measured values of gauges such as a speedometer.
- the vehicle ECU 30 obtains, from the engine control unit 21, information on whether the ignition switch 24 is turned on and off, information on the operating state of the engine 20, and information on the running state of the automobile 10 (running, stop running, idling stop, etc.).
- the battery 50 includes a current interrupting device 53, an assembled battery 60, a current measuring section 54, a temperature sensor 58, and a management device 100, as shown in FIG.
- the battery 50 is a 12V rated battery.
- the current interrupting device 53, the assembled battery 60, and the current measuring section 54 are connected in series via power lines 55P and 55N.
- the power line 55 ⁇ /b>P connects the positive external terminal 52 and the positive electrode of the assembled battery 60 .
- the power line 55N connects the negative external terminal 51 and the negative electrode of the assembled battery 60 .
- the current interrupting device 53 is provided on the positive power line 55P.
- the current measurement unit 54 is provided on the negative power line 55N.
- a contact switch such as a relay or a semiconductor switch such as an FET can be used as the current interrupting device 53 .
- the current interrupting device 53 is always controlled to CLOSE. When there is an abnormality in the battery 50, the battery 50 is protected by opening the current interrupting device 53 and interrupting the current.
- the current measurement unit 54 measures the current I [A] of the assembled battery 60 and outputs the current measurement value Im to the control unit 120 .
- a current detection resistor or a magnetic sensor can be used for the current measurement unit 54 .
- the temperature sensor 58 is attached to the side surface of the assembled battery 60, measures the temperature of the assembled battery 60, and outputs it to the control unit 120.
- the management device 100 is provided in the circuit board unit 65 (see FIG. 2).
- Management device 100 includes voltage measurement section 110 and control section 120 .
- Control unit 120 is an example of an “estimation device”.
- the voltage measurement unit 110 is connected to both ends of each secondary battery cell 62 by a signal line and measures the cell voltage V of each secondary battery cell 62 .
- the voltage measurement unit 110 outputs the cell voltage V of each secondary battery cell 62 and the inter-terminal voltage VB of the assembled battery 60 obtained by summing all the voltages V to the control unit 120 .
- the control unit 120 includes a CPU 121 having an arithmetic function, a memory 123 that is a storage unit, and a communication unit 125 .
- the communication unit 125 is for communication with the vehicle ECU 30 .
- the control unit 120 monitors the measured current Im, total voltage VB, and temperature information of the assembled battery 60 to monitor the state of the battery 50 . Also, the cell voltage V of each secondary battery cell 62 is monitored.
- the memory 123 is a non-volatile storage medium such as flash memory or EEPROM.
- the memory 123 stores a program for monitoring the state of the assembled battery 60, an SOC estimation program (execution program for the flow shown in FIG. 9), and data necessary for executing each program.
- the secondary battery cell 62 in the present embodiment uses lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) as the positive electrode active material and graphite as the negative electrode active material. system) lithium-ion secondary battery cell. Instead of connecting the 12 secondary battery cells 62 shown in FIG. may
- SOC is the ratio [%] of the remaining capacity Cr [Ah] to the full charge capacity Co [Ah] of the assembled battery 60, and is represented by the following equation (1).
- the full charge capacity Co is the amount of electricity that can be discharged from the fully charged assembled battery 60 .
- the current integration method is a method of estimating the SOC based on the time integral value of the current I, as shown in the following equation (2).
- the sign of the current I is assumed to be positive during charging and negative during discharging.
- SOC SOCo+100 ⁇ ( ⁇ Idt)/Co (2)
- SOCo is the initial value of SOC, I is the current, and t is the accumulated time.
- the current measurement value Im of the current measurement unit 54 includes measurement error ⁇ .
- Im Ic+ ⁇ (3)
- Im is the measured current value
- Ic is the true current value
- ⁇ is the measurement error.
- the SOC estimated by the current integration method is the first SOC.
- the SOC error SOC estimation error Se, which will be described later
- Known errors included in the measurement error ⁇ include a gain error and an offset error (an error detected even in the absence of current). Since the gain error is canceled by charging and discharging, it is considered that the offset error is dominant.
- the SOC estimation error Se can be expressed by the following equation (4) using the measurement error ⁇ .
- the SOC estimation error Se is an example of "accumulated error”.
- One method of estimating the SOC based on the voltage of the storage cell is the full charge detection method.
- the full charge detection method when the control unit 120 detects that the assembled battery 60 has been charged to a voltage corresponding to full charge, the SOC at that time is estimated to be a predetermined set value close to 100%.
- the SOC estimated by the full charge detection method is the second SOC, and the second SOC when the battery is charged to the voltage corresponding to the full charge is assumed to be 100%.
- Whether or not the assembled battery 60 has been charged to a voltage corresponding to full charge can be determined by whether or not a predetermined full charge completion condition has been met. For example, in the case of constant voltage charging, it can be performed by comparing the charging time Ts after the voltage VB of the assembled battery 60 reaches a predetermined target voltage and the drooping current value with the threshold current Is (see FIG. 7). ). Whether the battery pack 60 has been fully charged may be determined based on whether the total voltage VB of the assembled battery 60 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and whether the measured current value Im is equal to or lower than a predetermined value.
- the first SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected based on the second SOC estimated by the full charge detection method. presume.
- the first SOC is estimated by the current integration method with the remaining capacity of 60 [Ah] as the initial value. That is, the first SOC is estimated with the initial value set to 100[%].
- the SOC difference Sx shown in the following equation (5) is the SOC difference obtained by subtracting the first SOC estimated by the current integration method from the second SOC estimated by the full charge detection method. Sx indicates the true value or a value close to the true value of the SOC estimation error Se by the current integration method.
- the SOC difference Sx is an example of the "remaining electrical quantity difference".
- T current integration time
- k a predetermined coefficient
- the current integration time T is the time to integrate the current measurement value Im when estimating the first SOC by the current integration method. Specifically, it is the time from the start of estimation of the first SOC to just before the full charge is detected.
- FIG. 8 is an example of a graph plotting temporal changes in the estimated value L0 of the first SOC.
- the first SOC is corrected to 100% at t1, t2, and t3.
- the current integration time T is from t0 to t1.
- Current integration time T is from t1 to t2 in the case of the second cycle, and from t2 to t3 in the case of the third cycle.
- a dotted line sandwiching the estimated value L0 of the first SOC indicates the range of the SOC estimation error Se centered on the estimated value L0.
- the measurement error ⁇ of the current measurement value Im can be corrected as shown by the following equation (7).
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ (7) ⁇ 1 is the measurement error after correction, and ⁇ is the measurement error before correction.
- the estimation accuracy of the SOC estimation error Se is improved.
- the SOC estimation range can be narrowed compared to the case where the measurement error ⁇ is estimated larger than the true value.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the SOC estimation processing.
- the SOC estimation process is composed of steps S10 to S130, and is executed at a predetermined calculation cycle after the controller 120 is activated.
- the memory 123 stores in advance the initial value SOCo of the first SOC and the initial value of the measurement error ⁇ .
- a statistical value or an experimental value is used as the initial value of the measurement error ⁇ .
- the initial value of the measurement error ⁇ is 4.8 [mA].
- the control unit 120 determines whether or not the assembled battery 60 is fully charged based on the voltage VB of the assembled battery 60 (S10). If the SOC does not satisfy the full charge completion condition described above, it is determined that the assembled battery 60 is not fully charged.
- the control unit 120 estimates the first SOC of the assembled battery 60 by the current integration method (S20). Specifically, as shown in equation (2), the control unit 120 estimates the first SOC by accumulating the current measurement value Im measured by the current measurement unit 54 and adding/subtracting it to/from the initial SOC value SOCo. , the result is stored in the memory 123 .
- full charge capacity 60 [Ah]
- current measurement value Im 1 [A]
- calculation cycle 0.1 [s] 59.5 [Ah]
- first SOC 99.17 [ %]
- the updated value of the first SOC is 99.21 [%].
- S20 is an example of a "first process” and a "first step.”
- control unit 120 uses the measurement error ⁇ stored in the memory 123 to calculate the SOC estimation error Se (S30).
- Control unit 120 calculates SOC estimation error Se based on equation (4) and stores the result in memory 123 .
- the accumulated error amount Cx accumulated after 1000 cycles is 800 [mA].
- the update value of the SOC estimation error Se is 800.13 [mAh]/60 [Ah] ⁇ 100 ⁇ 1.33 [%].
- S30 is an example of "second processing" and "second step”.
- the control unit 120 determines the SOC estimation error Se (S40). Specifically, the absolute value of the SOC estimation error Se is compared with the threshold TH1.
- the threshold TH1 is an arbitrary value set according to the estimation accuracy required for the first SOC. If the SOC estimation error Se is smaller than the threshold TH1 (S40: NO), the controller 120 determines that the first SOC need not be corrected. In this case, the process proceeds to S20 to continue estimating the first SOC by the current integration method.
- the SOC estimation error Se becomes greater than the threshold TH1 because the measurement error ⁇ accumulates.
- the control unit 120 determines that the SOC estimation accuracy Se is large and that the measurement error ⁇ needs to be corrected (S40: YES). An instruction is given to charge the battery 60 (S50).
- control unit 120 Even during charging of the assembled battery 60, the control unit 120 continues estimating the first SOC by the current integration method until the assembled battery 60 satisfies the full charge completion condition, and stores the result in the memory 123 one by one. When the full charge completion condition is satisfied, the control unit 120 determines that the assembled battery 60 is fully charged (S10: YES).
- control unit 120 estimates the second SOC by the full charge detection method (S60). Specifically, control unit 120 estimates the second SOC to be 100%.
- S60 is a process of estimating the SOC by a method (full charge detection method) different from the current integration method, and is an example of the "third process" and the "third step".
- control unit 120 calculates the SOC difference Sx based on the formula (5) (S70).
- SOC difference Sx is 0.79 [%].
- the capacity corresponding to the SOC difference Sx is 0.472 [Ah].
- S70 is an example of the "fourth process” and the "fourth step”.
- control unit 120 corrects the first SOC estimated by the current integration method based on the second SOC estimated by the full charge detection method (S80).
- the remaining capacity estimated value is corrected to 60 [Ah] and the first SOC is changed. Correct to 100[%].
- control unit 120 subtracts the SOC difference Sx calculated in S70 from the SOC estimation error Se immediately before full charge detection calculated in S30 (S100).
- the SOC difference Sx is 0.79[%] and the SOC estimation error Se is 1.33[%], so (Se-Sx) is 0.54[%].
- the capacity is 800.13 [mAh] ⁇ 0.472 [Ah] ⁇ 328 [mAh].
- S100 is an example of a "fifth process" and a "fifth step.”
- control unit 120 determines the magnitude of the absolute value of (Se-Sx). Specifically, the absolute value of (Se-Sx) is compared with a threshold TH2 (S110).
- the threshold TH2 is an arbitrary value set according to the accuracy required for the measurement error ⁇ .
- the process proceeds to S20 without correcting the measurement error ⁇ .
- the control unit 120 uses the measurement error ⁇ stored in the memory 123 as it is to estimate the first SOC by the current integration method. That is, with the first SOC corrected in S80 as an initial value, the first SOC is estimated based on the equation (2).
- the control unit 120 determines that the measurement error ⁇ needs to be corrected. In this case, the control unit 120 calculates the correction value ⁇ of the measurement error ⁇ from the equation (6) based on the value of (Se ⁇ Sx) calculated in S100 (S120).
- control unit 120 corrects the measurement error ⁇ according to the equation (7) using the correction value ⁇ calculated in S120 (S130), and stores the corrected measurement error ⁇ 1 in the memory 123.
- S130 is an example of the "sixth process”.
- the process proceeds to S20, and the control unit 120 estimates the first SOC by the current integration method using the corrected measurement error ⁇ 1. By doing so, it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the SOC estimation error Se.
- the absolute value of (Se-Sx) is compared with the threshold TH2, and if the absolute value of (Se-Sx) is equal to or greater than the threshold TH2, the controller 120 determines that the measurement error ⁇ needs to be corrected.
- the threshold TH2 may be a fixed value, or may be changed according to the current integration time T.
- the control unit 120 does not perform correction (S110: NO).
- the control unit 120 determines that correction is necessary (S110: YES), and executes S120 and S130.
- the estimation accuracy of the SOC estimation error Se is improved by correcting the measurement error ⁇ included in the current measurement value Im.
- the SOC estimation range Y can be narrowed.
- the measurement error ⁇ before correction is estimated to be smaller than the true value
- the accuracy of estimation of the SOC estimation error Se is improved and the reliability of the SOC estimation range Y is improved by correcting the measurement error ⁇ .
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the SOC estimation range.
- L0 is the estimated value of SOC
- Y1 is the estimated SOC range when not corrected
- Y2 is the estimated SOC range when correction is executed. Since the estimation error Se can be suppressed by correcting the measurement error ⁇ , the SOC estimation range Y can be narrowed down compared to when the correction is not performed.
- the charging current may be determined according to the upper limit value of the estimated SOC range Y in order to prevent deterioration of battery performance.
- the battery pack 60 can be charged with an appropriate charging current corresponding to the upper limit value of the estimated SOC range Y, so the battery performance can be maintained.
- the assembled battery 60 can be charged until the upper limit value of the SOC estimation range Y reaches the upper limit value of the use range.
- the SOC estimation range Y is narrowed down, and L0 can be brought close to the upper limit of the usage range, so the performance of the assembled battery 60 can be utilized.
- the charging frequency for SOC correction can be reduced. Since regeneration cannot be accepted during charging to full charge, by reducing the frequency of charging for SOC correction, it is possible to shorten the period in which regeneration acceptance is restricted, contributing to improved fuel efficiency of the vehicle.
- the second SOC estimated by the full charge detection method is used to correct the measurement error ⁇ .
- the second SOC estimated by the OCV method is used to correct the measurement error ⁇ .
- FIG. 11 shows the SOC-OCV correlation characteristics of the LFP/Gr-based lithium ion secondary battery cell 62 using lithium iron phosphate for the positive electrode and graphite for the negative electrode.
- the horizontal axis is SOC, and the vertical axis is OCV.
- OCV is the open circuit voltage.
- OCV may be the terminal voltage of the cell 62 when there is no current or when it can be regarded as no current (when the current value is equal to or less than a predetermined value).
- a lithium-ion secondary battery cell has a plurality of charging regions including a low change region L in which the amount of change in OCV relative to the amount of change in SOC is relatively low and a high change region H in which the amount of change in OCV is relatively high.
- it has two low change regions L1 and L2 and three high change regions H1, H2 and H3.
- the low change region L1 has an SOC value in the range of 35[%] to 62[%], and the low change region L2 has an SOC value in the range of 68[%] to 96[%].
- the low change regions L1 and L2 are plateau regions in which the amount of change in OCV with respect to the amount of change in SOC is very small and the OCV is approximately constant.
- a plateau region is a region in which the amount of change in OCV with respect to the amount of change in SOC is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value is 2 [mV/%] as an example.
- the first high-change region H1 is a range in which the SOC value is greater than 62[%] and less than 68[%].
- the second high change region H2 has an SOC value of less than 35[%]
- the third high change region H3 has an SOC value of more than 96[%].
- the OCV method estimates the SOC by referring to the OCV with the SOC-OCV correlation characteristic (graph in FIG. 11). For example, the SOC when the OCV is OCVx can be estimated as SOCx. Thus, the second SOC can be estimated by the OCV method.
- the upper limit of the usage range F of the assembled battery 60 may be set to less than 100%, such as 50% to 80%. By setting the upper limit of the use range F to less than 100% and setting it to have a margin for full charge, it is possible to accept regeneration.
- the first high change region H1 is included in the usage range F. Therefore, even within the use range F, the OCV method can be executed to estimate the second SOC.
- the execution of the OCV method is not limited to within the use range F.
- the assembled battery 60 may be charged up to the third high change region H3, or the assembled battery 60 may be discharged down to the second high change region H2. good too.
- a lithium ion secondary battery cell was shown as an example of the secondary battery cell 62 .
- the secondary battery cells 62 are not limited to lithium ion secondary battery cells, and may be other non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery cells. It may be a lead-acid battery cell.
- a capacitor may be used instead of the secondary battery cell.
- the secondary battery cell 62 and the capacitor are examples of the "storage cell".
- the assembled battery 60 is not limited to a case where a plurality of secondary battery cells 62 are connected in series and parallel, but may be a series connection or a single cell configuration.
- the battery 50 is for automobiles, but it may be for motorcycles.
- the battery 50 may also be used in other mobile objects such as ships, AGVs, and aircraft.
- the controller 120 is provided inside the battery 50 .
- the controller 120 may be provided outside the battery 50 . That is, the controller 120 provided outside the battery 50 may correct the measurement error ⁇ , calculate the SOC estimation error Se, and estimate the SOC.
- the control unit 120 acquires information on the current measurement value Im and the total voltage VB from the current measurement unit 54 and the voltage measurement unit 110 provided inside the battery 50 by communication, corrects the measurement error ⁇ , Calculation of the SOC estimation error Se and SOC estimation may be performed.
- the full charge detection method and the OCV method are illustrated as methods of estimating the remaining amount of electricity that are different from the estimation based on the integrated current value. Any method other than the full charge detection method and the OCV method may be used as long as the remaining amount of electricity can be estimated without using the integrated current value.
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Abstract
Description
(1)蓄電セル又は組電池の残存電気量を推定する推定装置は、前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池の電流の積算値に基づき残存電気量を推定する第1処理と、前記電流の計測誤差の積算値に基づいて、残存電気量の累積誤差を推定する第2処理と、前記第1処理とは異なる方法で残存電気量を推定する第3処理と、前記第1処理で推定した残存電気量と、前記第3処理で推定した残存電気量との差である残存電気量差を算出する第4処理と、前記累積誤差と、前記残存電気量差とに基づいて、前記計測誤差の補正値を算出する第5処理と、を実行する。
1.バッテリの説明
図1は自動車10の側面図、図2はバッテリ50の分解斜視図である。自動車10は、エンジン駆動車であり、バッテリ50を備えている。自動車10は、エンジン(内燃機関)に代えて、車両駆動装置としての蓄電装置や燃料電池を備えていてもよい。図1では、自動車10、エンジン20、バッテリ50のみ示し、自動車10を構成する他の部品は図示を省略している。自動車10は「車両」の一例、バッテリ50は「蓄電装置」の一例である。
本実施形態における二次電池セル62は、正極活物質にリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)、負極活物質にグラファイトを用いたLFP/Gr系(リン酸鉄系)のリチウムイオン二次電池セルである。図2に示した12個の二次電池セル62を、3並列で4直列に接続することに代えて、4個の二次電池セル62を直列に接続して1つの組電池60を構成してもよい。
SOCoは、SOCの初期値、Iは電流、tは積算時間である。
Im=Ic+ε・・・・・(3)
Imは電流計測値、Icは電流の真値、εは計測誤差である。
Tは電流積算時間、kは所定の係数である。
ε1は補正後の計測誤差、εは補正前の計測誤差である。
図9は、SOC推定処理のフローチャートである。SOC推定処理は、S10~S130のステップから構成されており、制御部120の起動後、所定の演算周期で実行される。メモリ123には第1SOCの初期値SOCoと、計測誤差εの初期値が予め記憶されているものとする。計測誤差εの初期値は、統計値又は実験値を用いる。以下の例において、計測誤差εの初期値は4.8[mA]とする。
S110では、(Se-Sx)の絶対値を閾値TH2と比較し、(Se-Sx)の絶対値が閾値TH2以上の場合、制御部120は、計測誤差εを補正する必要が有ると判断する。閾値TH2は、固定値でもよいし、電流積算時間Tに応じて変更してもよい。
ε=ε0+εx・・・・・(8)
S110で補正が必要と判断した場合、計測誤差εを補正する。計測誤差εの補正値Δεには、S100において式(6)で算出した値を用いる。係数kは、1以下の正の値である。k=1とすれば、大きな補正値Δεで計測誤差εを補正できる。係数kを1未満の正の値として、小さな補正値Δεによる補正を繰り返してもよい。
この構成では、電流計測値Imに含まれる計測誤差εの補正により、SOC推定誤差Seの推定精度が向上する。これにより、SOC推定範囲Yを狭くすることができる。補正前の計測誤差εを真値よりも小さく見積もっていた場合には、計測誤差εの補正により、SOC推定誤差Seの推定精度が向上し、SOC推定範囲Yの信頼性が向上する。
実施形態1では、満充電検出法で推定した第2SOCを用いて計測誤差εを補正した。
本発明は上記記述及び図面によって説明した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、例えば次のような実施形態も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれ、さらに、下記以外にも要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々変更して実施することができる。
50 バッテリ(蓄電装置の一例)
54 電流計測部
60 組電池
62 二次電池セル(蓄電セルの一例)
110 電圧計測部
120 制御部(推定装置の一例)
ε 計測誤差
Δε 補正値
Im 電流計測値
Se SOC誤差(累積誤差の一例)
Sx SOC差(残存電気量差の一例)
Claims (6)
- 蓄電セル又は組電池の残存電気量を推定する推定装置であって、
前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池の電流の積算値に基づき残存電気量を推定する第1処理と、
前記電流の計測誤差の積算値に基づいて、残存電気量の累積誤差を推定する第2処理と、
前記第1処理とは異なる方法で残存電気量を推定する第3処理と、
前記第1処理で推定した残存電気量と、前記第3処理で推定した残存電気量との差である残存電気量差を算出する第4処理と、
前記累積誤差と、前記残存電気量差とに基づいて、前記計測誤差の補正値を算出する第5処理と、を実行する、推定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の推定装置であって、
前記第5処理で算出した前記補正値に基づいて、前記計測誤差を補正する第6処理を実行し、
前記第6処理の実行後、補正後の前記計測誤差を用いて、前記第2処理を実行する、推定装置。 - 請求項2に記載の推定装置であって、
前記累積誤差と、前記残存電気量差との差が閾値を超えている場合に、前記第6処理を実行して、前記計測誤差を補正する、推定装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の推定装置であって、
前記第3処理において、前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池を満充電まで充電する満充電検出法により、前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池の残存電気量を推定する、推定装置。 - 蓄電装置であって、
前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池と、
前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池の電流を計測する電流計測部と、
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の推定装置と、を含む、蓄電装置。 - 蓄電セル又は組電池の残存電気量を推定する推定方法であって、
前記蓄電セル又は前記組電池の電流の積算値に基づき残存電気量を推定する第1ステップと、
前記電流の計測誤差の積算値に基づいて、残存電気量の累積誤差を推定する第2ステップと、
前記第1ステップとは異なる方法で残存電気量を推定する第3ステップと、
前記第1ステップで求めた残存電気量と、前記第3ステップで求めた残存電気量との差である残存電気量差を算出する第4ステップと、
前記累積誤差と、前記残存電気量差との差に基づいて、前記計測誤差の補正値を算出する第5ステップと、を実行する、推定方法。
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JP2013057537A (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-28 | Gs Yuasa Corp | 電池管理装置、電池パック、電池管理プログラム、及び、soc推定方法 |
WO2014083856A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電池管理装置、電源装置およびsoc推定方法 |
WO2016158396A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電池制御装置、および電動車両システム |
WO2018181489A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 推定装置、蓄電装置、推定方法 |
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