WO2022244630A1 - Lathe - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2022244630A1
WO2022244630A1 PCT/JP2022/019624 JP2022019624W WO2022244630A1 WO 2022244630 A1 WO2022244630 A1 WO 2022244630A1 JP 2022019624 W JP2022019624 W JP 2022019624W WO 2022244630 A1 WO2022244630 A1 WO 2022244630A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bar
stopper
tool
spindle
cut
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2022/019624
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
洋平 浅羽
Original Assignee
スター精密株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by スター精密株式会社 filed Critical スター精密株式会社
Publication of WO2022244630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022244630A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B13/00Arrangements for automatically conveying or chucking or guiding stock
    • B23B13/02Arrangements for automatically conveying or chucking or guiding stock for turning-machines with a single working-spindle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B13/00Arrangements for automatically conveying or chucking or guiding stock
    • B23B13/04Arrangements for automatically conveying or chucking or guiding stock for turning-machines with a plurality of working-spindles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B13/00Arrangements for automatically conveying or chucking or guiding stock
    • B23B13/12Accessories, e.g. stops, grippers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B25/00Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
    • B23B25/06Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B5/14Cutting-off lathes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lathe that processes a bar material supplied by a material feeder and is equipped with means for detecting breakage of a parting off tool.
  • NC (numerical control) lathes are known that form products by separating workpieces from bars supplied by a material feeder.
  • a material feeder inserts a bar from behind into a front main spindle provided in an NC lathe, it is necessary to determine the position at which the front main spindle grips the bar.
  • the NC lathe is provided with a stopper for positioning the bar pushed forward from the spindle.
  • An NC lathe with a stopper first inserts a bar into the front spindle from behind with a material feeder, positions the bar pushed out from the front spindle against the stopper, and then pushes the positioned bar on the front spindle.
  • the NC lathe performs front machining of the tip of the bar gripped by the front spindle with a tool attached to the tool post, grips the tip of the bar after front machining with the back spindle, Cut through the bar with the cut-off tool attached to the turret.
  • the front-machined workpiece gripped by the back spindle is separated from the bar.
  • the back surface of the workpiece is machined using a tool attached to the tool post, and the resulting product is discharged.
  • a tool rest of an automatic lathe disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with a cut-off tool breakage detection device having a drive plate, a detection rod, and a proximity sensor.
  • a cut-off tool breakage detection device having a drive plate, a detection rod, and a proximity sensor.
  • a dedicated cut-off tool breakage detection device is required to detect breakage of the cut-off tool.
  • Lathes are required to detect breakage of cut-off tools, while space-saving and cost reduction are also required.
  • the present invention discloses a lathe that can eliminate the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool.
  • the lathe of the present invention is a lathe that processes a bar material supplied by a material feeder, a main shaft that releasably grips the bar inserted from the rear; an opposing spindle releasably gripping the tip of the bar projecting forward from the spindle; a tool post attached with a cut-off bit for cutting off a workpiece including a tip portion of the bar gripped by the opposed spindle from the bar; a stopper that positions the bar at an advanced position where the bar pushed forward by the material feeder from the main shaft that releases the bar hits and can be retracted from the advanced position; a drive unit for moving the stopper; When the cut-off tool completes the operation of cutting off the workpiece while the stopper is retracted from the advanced position, the drive unit grips the stopper by the rod material gripped by the main shaft and the opposing main shaft. When the torque generated by the driving unit exceeds the reference torque for detecting the collision of the stopper with the bar, the cut-off tool is damaged. and
  • FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a configuration example of a lathe to which a guide bush is attached;
  • FIG. 4 is a front view schematically showing a configuration example of the lathe from which the guide bush is removed;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which a cut-off tool cuts through a bar;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which a stopper positions a bar;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the tool post with the stopper at the advanced position;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a tool post to which a stopper is attached; It is a block diagram which shows typically the structural example of the electric circuit of a lathe.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically showing an example of processing
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which the stopper advances to a target position between the bar and the work when the cut-off is completed
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which a stopper abuts against a bar when the cut-off tool breaks.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a tool rest with a stopper abutting against a bar.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing another example of a tool post to which a stopper is attached;
  • a lathe 1 As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 5, 7, etc., a lathe 1 according to one aspect of the present technology is a lathe 1 that processes a bar material B1 supplied by a material feeder 20, and has a main spindle (for example, a front main spindle 11 ), an opposing main shaft (for example, the back main shaft 16), a tool post 30, a stopper 40, a driving section (for example, a tool post driving section 31), and a control section (for example, an NC device 70).
  • the main shaft (11) releasably grips the bar B1 inserted from behind.
  • the opposed main shaft (16) releasably grips the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 protruding forward from the main shaft (11).
  • a cut-off tool TO3 is attached to the tool post 30 for cutting off the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 gripped by the opposed spindle (16) from the bar B1.
  • the stopper 40 positions the bar B1 at an advance position P1 at which the bar B1 pushed forward by the material feeder 20 from the main shaft (11) releasing the bar B1 hits the advance position P1. can be evacuated from The driving part (31) moves the stopper 40. As shown in FIG. As exemplified in FIGS.
  • the bar material B1 pushed forward from the main shaft (11) by the material feeder 20 is positioned by the stopper 40 present at the advance position P1.
  • a tip portion B1a of the bar B1 projecting forward from the main shaft (11) is gripped by the opposing main shaft (16).
  • the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 gripped by the opposing main shaft (16) is separated from the bar B1 if the cut-off tool TO3 is not damaged. If the workpiece W1 is not separated from the bar B1, the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged. In this case, as exemplified in FIG.
  • the stopper 40 in the state of being retracted from the advance position P1 is positioned between the bar B1 gripped by the main shaft (11) and the work W1 gripped by the opposing main shaft (16). When it moves toward the position (P3) between , it hits the bar B1. Then, the torque generated by the driving section (31) exceeds the reference torque, and processing (S124) is performed when the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged.
  • breakage of the cut-off tool TO3 can be detected by the stopper 40 for positioning the bar B1 pushed out from the main shaft (11) by the feeder 20 and the driving portion (31) of the stopper 40. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a lathe that eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool. As a result, no space is required for arranging a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool, and the cost for the dedicated device is also eliminated.
  • the position between the bar gripped by the main shaft and the work gripped by the counter spindle means the position between the bar and the work when the work is separated from the bar.
  • the position is the position where the stopper hits the bar (including the work) if the work is not separated from the bar, and may be the same position as the advanced position or a position different from the advanced position.
  • the drive unit that moves the stopper may be a drive unit that moves the tool post to which the cut-off bit is attached, or may be different from the drive unit that moves the tool post to which the cut-off bit is attached.
  • the torque generated by the drive unit is represented by the value of the current flowing through the servo motor of the drive unit that moves the stopper, the relative value of the current value of the current flow through the servo motor of the drive unit, etc., and is output from the servo amplifier to the servo motor in the drive unit. It may be represented by the value of the torque command to be set.
  • the stopper 40 may be attached to the tool post 30 to which the tool TO1 is attached.
  • the drive section (31) may move the stopper 40 by moving the tool rest 30.
  • the stopper 40 can be moved by the driving portion (31) of the tool post 30, so that a lathe that eliminates the need for a dedicated driving portion for moving the stopper can be provided.
  • the tool post to which the stopper is attached may be a tool post to which a cut-off bit is attached as shown in FIG. can be different.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view schematically illustrating the configuration of a lathe 1 to which a guide bushing 14 is attached.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view schematically illustrating the configuration of the lathe 1 from which the guide bushing 14 has been removed.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically illustrating how the cut-off tool TO3 cuts through the bar B1.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically illustrating how the stopper 40 positions the bar B1.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the tool post 30 with the stopper 40 at the advanced position P1 together with the guide bush 14 and the bar B1.
  • the bar B1 is hatched for easy understanding. 6, 11 and 12, the bar B1 is also shaded.
  • the code D81 indicates the upward direction
  • the code D82 indicates the downward direction
  • the code D83 indicates the left direction
  • the code D84 indicates the right direction
  • the code D85 indicates the front direction
  • the code D86 indicates the direction. It shows the depth direction.
  • the control axes of lathe 1 include an X-axis denoted "X”, a Y-axis denoted "Y” and a Z-axis denoted "Z”.
  • the Z-axis direction is a horizontal direction along the main shaft center line AX1, which is the center of rotation of the bar B1.
  • the X-axis direction is a horizontal direction orthogonal to the Z-axis.
  • the Y-axis direction is a vertical direction perpendicular to the Z-axis.
  • the Z-axis and the X-axis may not be orthogonal as long as they intersect, the Z-axis and the Y-axis may not be orthogonal as long as they intersect, and the X-axis and the Y-axis may intersect. It does not have to be orthogonal if it is.
  • the drawings referred to in this specification merely show examples for explaining the present technology, and do not limit the present technology. The description of the positional relationship of each part is merely an example. Therefore, reversing left and right, reversing the direction of rotation, etc. are also included in the present technology. Identicalness in direction, position, etc. is not limited to strict matching, and includes deviation from strict matching due to errors.
  • the lathe 1 includes a front headstock 10, a front headstock drive unit 13, a back headstock 15, a back headstock drive unit 18, a support stand 25, a tool post 30, a tool post drive unit 31, a stopper 40, and an NC (numerical control). It is an NC lathe equipped with devices 70 and the like.
  • the tool rest drive section 31 is an example of a drive section that moves the stopper 40
  • the NC device 70 is an example of a control section.
  • the front headstock 10 incorporates a front main spindle 11, which is an example of a main spindle for releasably gripping the bar B1 inserted from behind by the material feeder 20. As shown in FIG.
  • the front end 11 a of the front main shaft 11 faces the rear main shaft 16
  • the rear end 11 b of the front main shaft 11 faces the feeder 20
  • the front main spindle 11 has a through hole 11h extending along the main spindle centerline AX1.
  • a bar B1 is inserted from behind into the through hole 11h.
  • the back headstock 15 incorporates a back spindle 16, which is an example of a facing spindle, releasably gripping the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 projecting forward from the front end 11a of the front spindle 11.
  • a front end 16 a of the back main shaft 16 faces a front end 11 a of the front main shaft 11 . That is, the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16 face each other.
  • the forward direction with respect to the front main shaft 11 means the direction in which the bar B1 is pushed out from the front main shaft 11, which is the right direction D84 in the example shown in FIG.
  • the rear with respect to the front main shaft 11 means the direction from the front main shaft 11 toward the material feeder 20, which is the left direction D83 in the example shown in FIG.
  • Forward with respect to the back main axis 16 means the direction in which the back main axis 16 faces toward the front main axis 11, which is the left direction D83 in the example shown in FIG.
  • the guide bush 14 can be attached to the mounting hole 26 of the support base 25, and the front portion of the front main shaft 11 can be inserted as shown in FIG. Therefore, the lathe 1 is a spindle-moving lathe capable of switching between the presence and absence of the guide bush 14 .
  • the front main shaft 11 includes a gripping portion 12 that releasably grips the bar B1 at a portion including the front end 11a. It is rotatable as a center.
  • the NC device 70 controls the gripping state of the gripper 12 by driving the gripping actuator 12a illustrated in FIG.
  • the grasping part 12 can be configured by, for example, a collet or the like.
  • the NC device 70 controls a servomotor (eg, a built-in motor) (not shown) to rotate the front spindle 11 .
  • the front headstock drive unit 13 moves the front headstock 10 in which the front main spindle 11 is installed in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70 .
  • the rear spindle 16 includes a gripping portion 17 that releasably grips the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 after front processing at a portion including the front end 16a. It can be gripped and rotated about the spindle center line AX1 together with the bar B1.
  • a workpiece W1 which is a product, is a portion of the bar B1 including the tip portion B1a, and is a portion cut off from the bar B1 by the cut-off tool TO3.
  • the NC device 70 controls the gripping state of the gripper 17 by driving the gripping actuator 17a illustrated in FIG.
  • the grasping part 17 can be configured by, for example, a collet or the like.
  • the NC device 70 controls a servomotor (eg, built-in motor) not shown to rotate the back main shaft 16 .
  • the back headstock drive unit 18 moves the back headstock 15 in which the back spindle 16 is installed in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70 .
  • the back headstock driving section 18 may move the back headstock 15 in which the back spindle 16 is incorporated in at least one of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
  • the work W1 cut off from the bar B1 becomes a product by back processing.
  • the material feeder 20 that supplies the bar B1 to the front main shaft 11 moves, for example, a rail (not shown) along the main shaft center line AX1, and the bar B1 on the rail toward the front main shaft 11 (right direction D84).
  • a driving portion (not shown) is provided, and the bar B1 is inserted into the through hole 11h of the front main shaft 11 from behind.
  • a finger-type bar feeder that grips a bar and feeds it to the front spindle, or a push-pull type bar feeder that feeds the bar to the front spindle by simply pushing it from the rear, or the like may be used. can be done.
  • the bar material B1 is not limited to a solid material such as a long cylindrical material, and may be a hollow material such as a long cylindrical material.
  • the support base 25 is located between the front headstock 10 and the back headstock 15 in the Z-axis direction, and has a mounting hole 26 penetrating in the Z-axis direction.
  • the guide bush 14 is inserted into the mounting hole 26 and removably mounted on the support base 25 .
  • the guide bush 14 supports the bar B1 protruding forward from the through hole 11h of the front main shaft 11 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction.
  • a portion of the bar B1 that protrudes from the guide bush 14 toward the back main spindle 16 (right direction D84) is machined by the tool TO1.
  • the front portion of the front spindle 11 is inserted into the mounting hole 26 when the guide bush is not used as shown in FIG.
  • a portion of the bar B1 protruding forward (rightward direction D84) from the front spindle 11 is machined by the tool TO1.
  • a plurality of tools TO1 for machining the bar material B1 are attached to the tool post 30, and it is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
  • the tool post drive unit 31 moves the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction according to commands from the NC device 70 .
  • the tool post drive unit 31 may move the tool post 30 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the tool post 30 may be a comb-shaped tool post as shown in FIG. 5, or may be a turret tool post or the like.
  • the lathe 1 may include a back machining tool rest for machining the back of the work W1 gripped by the back spindle 16 .
  • the plurality of tools TO1 include a cutting tool TO2 including a cut-off tool TO3, rotary tools such as rotary drills and end mills, and the like.
  • a plurality of cutting tools TO2 including the cut-off cutting tool TO3 arranged at the bottom are attached in a state of protruding toward the spindle center line AX1 side (inward direction D86).
  • the cut-off tool TO3 cuts through the bar B1 between the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16, thereby cutting off the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 gripped by the back main shaft 16. is separated from the bar material B1.
  • FIG. 3 shows how the cut-off tool TO3 separates the workpiece W1 from the bar B1 when the guide bush is not used.
  • "closed" of the gripping portions 12 and 17 indicates that the gripping portions 12 and 17 are tightened by the gripping actuators 12a and 17a shown in FIG. 7 to grip the bar B1.
  • the state ST1 shown in FIG. 3 is a state in which the gripping portion 12 of the front spindle 11 grips the bar B1 and the gripping portion 17 of the back spindle 16 grips the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1. be.
  • the NC device 70 rotates the front spindle 11 and the back spindle 16 gripping the bar B1, and moves the tip TO3a of the cut-off tool TO3 between the front spindle 11 and the back spindle 16 together with the tool rest 30. Control is performed to move in the X-axis direction (backward direction D86) to the center line AX1. As a result, a state ST2 in which the bar B1 is cut through between the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16, that is, a state ST2 in which the work W1 gripped by the back main shaft 16 is separated from the bar B1.
  • a stopper 40 is attached to the tool post 30 shown in FIG. 5 with a screw SC1 above the plurality of attached tools TO2.
  • the stopper 40 of this specific example is a member attached to the tool post 30 to which the cut-off tool TO3 is attached, and is movable together with the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
  • a stopper 40 is attached to the tool post 30 shown in FIG. 5 in a state of protruding toward the spindle center line AX1 side (back direction D86). As shown in FIG. 4, the stopper 40 positions the bar B1 at an advance position P1 at which the bar B1 pushed forward by the material feeder 20 from the front main shaft 11, which has released the bar B1, abuts thereon. It is possible to evacuate.
  • the stopper 40 can be made of metal, for example, and may be made of a lightweight material such as a carbon material or ceramics.
  • FIG. 4 shows how the stopper 40 positions the bar B1 when the guide bush is not used.
  • "open" of the gripping portion 12 indicates that tightening of the gripping portion 12 is released and the bar B1 is released from gripping.
  • a state ST3 shown in FIG. 4 is a state in which the cut-off tool TO3 is retracted from between the workpiece W1 and the bar B1, and the gripping portion 12 of the front spindle 11 releases the bar B1 from gripping.
  • the workpiece W1 gripped by the gripping portion 17 of the back spindle 16 is subjected to back machining.
  • the back headstock 15 is not shown in the states ST4 and ST5 shown in FIG.
  • the advanced position P1 may be a position where the stopper 40 falls within the range shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. Even if the front spindle 11 releases the bar B1 from gripping, the bar B1 retreats to some extent when the front headstock 10 retreats due to the frictional force acting between the front spindle 11 and the bar B1. Since the degree to which the bar B1 retreats is not constant, the positional relationship between the front main shaft 11 and the bar B1 is not constant. In a state ST5 shown in FIG.
  • the guide bush 14 holds the bar B1, so that the position of the bar B1 is fixed with respect to the guide bush 14 even if the front spindle 11, which has released the bar B1 from its grip, retreats. there is Therefore, it is not necessary to use the stopper 40 when using the guide bush.
  • the stopper 40 when the stopper 40 is not used for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool, it only has a function of opening the grip portion 12 of the front main spindle 11 after cutting off the bar to press the bar B1 when the guide bush is not used.
  • the lathe 1 needs a space for arranging the cut-off tool breakage detection device, and the cost for the cut-off tool breakage detection device is also high.
  • This specific example eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cutoff tool TO3 by using the stopper 40 for positioning the bar B1 for detecting breakage of the cutoff tool.
  • stopper 40 and the tool rest drive unit 31 have both the function of pressing the bar B1 and the function of detecting breakage of the cutting off tool, space saving and cost reduction effects can be obtained.
  • the cut-off tool breakage detection using the stopper 40 will be described below.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the upper surface of the tool rest 30 to which the stopper 40 and the cut-off tool TO3 are attached, together with the guide bush 14 and the bar B1.
  • An enlarged view of the stopper 40 and the cut-off tool TO3 is shown in the lower part of FIG.
  • the left side surface 40L of the stopper 40 is about 1 to 2 mm to the right of the left side TO3L of the cut-off tool TO3 at the portion protruding from the tool post 30 in the depth direction D86. is on the left side of the right side TO3R of the cut-off tool TO3.
  • the range of the projecting portion of the stopper 40 is within the range of the projecting portion of the cut-off tool TO3, and is smaller than the range of the projecting portion of the cut-off tool TO3.
  • the projection of the stopper 40 is within the projection of the cut-off tool TO3.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the configuration of the electric circuit of the lathe 1 having the NC device 70.
  • the NC unit 70 includes an operation unit 80, a material feeder 20, a front headstock drive unit 13, a rotary drive unit (not shown) for the front spindle 11, a gripping actuator 12a, a back headstock drive unit 18, and a back spindle 16.
  • a rotary drive unit (not shown), a gripping actuator 17a, a tool post drive unit 31, and the like are connected.
  • the gripping actuator 12a drives the gripping portion 12 of the front spindle 11 shown in FIGS.
  • the gripping actuator 17a drives the gripping portion 17 of the back main shaft 16 shown in FIGS.
  • the tool rest drive unit 31 includes servo amplifiers 32 and 33 and servo motors 34 and 35 .
  • the NC device 70 includes a CPU 71 as a processor, a ROM 72 as a semiconductor memory, a RAM 73 as a semiconductor memory, a clock circuit 74, an I/F (interface) 75, and the like. 7, the I/Fs of the operation unit 80, material feeder 20, front headstock drive unit 13, gripping actuator 12a, back headstock drive unit 18, gripping actuator 17a, tool post drive unit 31, etc. are summarized. is indicated as I/F75.
  • the ROM 72 is written with a control program PR1 for interpreting and executing the machining program PR2.
  • the ROM 72 may be a rewritable semiconductor memory.
  • the RAM 73 rewritably stores a machining program PR2 created by the operator.
  • a machining program is also called an NC program.
  • the CPU 71 implements the functions of the NC device 70 by executing the control program PR1 recorded in the ROM 72 using the RAM 73 as a work area.
  • the operation unit 80 includes an input unit 81 and a display unit 82 and functions as a user interface for the NC device 70.
  • the input unit 81 is composed of, for example, buttons and a touch panel for receiving operation input from an operator.
  • the display unit 82 is configured by, for example, a display that displays the contents of various settings received from the operator and various information regarding the lathe 1 .
  • the operator can store the machining program PR2 in the RAM 73 using the operation unit 80 or an external computer (not shown).
  • the tool post drive unit 31 includes a servo amplifier 32 connected to the NC device 70 and a servo motor 34 connected to the servo amplifier 32 in order to move the tool post 30 along the X axis.
  • the tool post driving section 31 includes a servo amplifier 33 connected to the NC device 70 and a servo motor 35 connected to the servo amplifier 33 in order to move the tool post 30 along the Y-axis.
  • the servo amplifier 32 controls the position and movement speed of the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction according to commands from the NC device 70 .
  • the servo amplifier 33 controls the position and movement speed of the tool post 30 in the Y-axis direction according to commands from the NC device 70 .
  • the servomotor 34 has an encoder 36, rotates according to a command from the servo amplifier 32, and moves the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction via a feed mechanism and guides (not shown).
  • the servo motor 35 has an encoder 37, rotates according to a command from the servo amplifier 33, and moves the tool post 30 in the Y-axis direction via a feed mechanism and guides (not shown).
  • a mechanism using a ball screw or the like can be used as the feed mechanism.
  • a sliding guide such as a combination of a dovetail and a dovetail groove can be used as the guide.
  • FIG. 8 schematically exemplifies the machining process that is performed when the machining program PR2 is executed.
  • the machining process is performed by the NC device 70 that executes the control program PR1.
  • the stopper 40 and the cut-off tool TO3 are arranged so as not to interfere with the bar B1.
  • the NC unit 70 first moves the tool post 30 to the tool post drive unit 31, thereby advancing the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 where the bar B1 pushed forward from the front spindle 11 hits. (Step S102).
  • the NC device 70 may align the tip 41 of the stopper 40 with the spindle centerline AX1 in the Y-axis direction, and then move the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 in the X-axis direction.
  • the stopper 40 exists at the advance position P1 as shown in FIG. 4 (state ST4) and FIG.
  • the process of advancing the stopper 40 is not performed.
  • the NC unit 70 supplies the bar B1 to the front main spindle 11 from behind in a state in which the gripping of the front main spindle 11 is turned off, that is, in a state in which the bar B1 is released from the grip of the gripper 12.
  • the material feeder 20 is driven to insert (step S104).
  • the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 protruding forward from the front headstock 10 hits the stopper 40, and the bar B1 is positioned.
  • the NC device 70 turns on the gripping of the front spindle 11 (step S106). That is, the NC device 70 causes the gripping portion 12 to grip the bar B1.
  • This state is state ST5 shown in FIG. The position of the bar B1 with respect to the front spindle 11 is determined in this state ST5.
  • the NC unit 70 After gripping the bar B1, when the guide bush is not used, the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30, thereby retracting the stopper 40 from the advanced position P1 (step S108). For example, the NC device 70 may move the stopper 40 from the advance position P1 to a position where it does not interfere with the bar B1 in the X-axis direction. When using the guide bush, the process of retracting the stopper 40 is not performed. After the process of step S108, the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30 so that the bar B1 is front-machined, and if necessary, the front headstock drive unit 13 moves the front headstock. 10 is moved (step S110).
  • the NC unit 70 causes the back headstock driving section 18 to move the back headstock 15 so that the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 projecting forward from the front headstock 10 is moved to the back spindle 16. It is caused to be gripped by the gripping portion 17 (step S112).
  • This state is state ST1 shown in FIG.
  • the NC device 70 rotates the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16 at the same rotational speed, and the workpiece W1 including the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 is cut off.
  • the tool post drive unit 31 moves the tool post 30 so that it is cut off from the bar B1 by the tool TO3 (step S114).
  • step S114 the cut-off tool TO3 cuts through the bar B1, that is, cuts off the workpiece W1 from the bar B1.
  • the state ST2 shown in FIG. 3 is a state in which the work W1 has been cut off by the cut-off tool TO3.
  • the stopper 40 attached to the tool post 30 at a position different from the cut-off tool TO3 is retracted from the advanced position P1.
  • the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30, thereby gripping the bar B1 gripped by the front spindle 11 and the back spindle 16.
  • Control is performed to move the stopper 40 to the target position P3 between the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W1 (step S116).
  • the NC device 70 moves the cut-off tool TO3 away from the bar B1 in the X-axis direction, aligns the tip 41 of the stopper 40 in the Y-axis direction with the position of the spindle center line AX1 (state ST6 shown in FIG. 9), After that, the stopper 40 may be moved to the advanced position P1 in the X-axis direction.
  • FIG. 9 schematically illustrates how the stopper 40 advances to the target position P3 between the bar B1 and the work W1 when the cut-off is completed.
  • the stopper 40 is located at the retracted position P2 retracted from the advanced position P1.
  • the target position P3 may be a position where the stopper 40 enters between the bar B1 and the work W1, and may be a position where the tip 41 of the stopper 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1 as shown in FIG. , 5 may be the same as the advanced position P1.
  • FIG. 10 schematically illustrates how the stopper 40 abuts against the bar B1 when the cut-off tool breaks.
  • FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the tool post 30 in a state where the stopper 40 hits the bar B1 when the guide bush is used.
  • the upper part of FIG. 10 shows a state ST8 in which the workpiece W1 gripped by the back spindle 16 is connected to the bar B1 after the cut-off operation is completed.
  • step S118 After starting control to advance the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1, the NC device 70 acquires a torque value TR1 representing the torque generated by the X-axis servo amplifier 32 from the servo amplifier 32, and the stopper 40 reaches the target position P3.
  • the process branches depending on whether or not the torque value TR1 exceeds the reference torque value TR2 before reaching (step S118).
  • the process of step S118 can be said to be the process of determining whether or not the torque generated by the tool post drive unit 31 exceeds the reference torque for detecting the collision of the stopper 40 with the bar B1.
  • the servo amplifier 32 outputs a torque command including the torque value TR1 to the servo motor 34, and the servo motor 34 moves the tool post 30 according to the torque command.
  • the servo amplifier 32 Upon receiving the torque value output command from the NC device 70 , the servo amplifier 32 outputs the torque value TR ⁇ b>1 included in the torque command to the NC device 70 . Thereby, the NC device 70 can acquire the torque value TR1 from the servo amplifier 32 .
  • the NC device 70 starts back machining of the work W1 (step S120).
  • the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30, and if necessary, causes the back headstock drive unit 18 to move the back headstock 15 so that the back surface machining is performed. If the lathe 1 has a tool post for machining the back surface in addition to the tool post 30 to which the stopper 40 is attached, the NC unit 70 controls the machining of the back surface by moving the tool post for machining the back surface. may be performed.
  • the NC device 70 may leave the stopper 40 at the target position P3, or may move the stopper 40 from the target position P3 to the advanced position P1 if the advanced position P1 is different from the target position P3. good. As a result, it is possible to perform front machining of the bar B1 that will become the next workpiece W1 while performing back machining of the workpiece W1.
  • step S122 the NC unit 70 branches the process depending on whether or not the continuous machining of the bar material B1 is finished (step S122). If the cut-off tool TO3 is not damaged, the processing of steps S102 to S122 is the processing for one machining cycle. When ending the continuous machining, the NC device 70 ends the machining process. When performing processing for the next machining cycle, the NC device 70 returns the processing to step S102.
  • the stopper 40 advances to the advance position P1 where the bar B1 pushed forward from the front main shaft 11 hits in step S102. Thereafter, the gripping of the front main spindle 11 is turned off and the front headstock 10 moves rearward (state ST4 shown in FIG.
  • step S124 is an example of processing when the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged.
  • the process of outputting an alarm may be a process of displaying the alarm on the display unit 82, a process of outputting the alarm sound from a speaker (not shown), a process of outputting the alarm to a computer connected to the NC unit 70, and the like. can.
  • the operator can resume continuous machining of the bar B1 by replacing the damaged cut-off bit with an undamaged cut-off bit.
  • breakage of the cut-off tool TO3 can be detected by the stopper 40 that positions the bar B1 pushed out from the front main spindle 11 by the material feeder 20 and the tool rest drive unit 31 that moves the stopper 40. .
  • the movement direction when the stopper 40 reaches the advanced position P1 is not limited to the X-axis direction, and can be various directions such as the Y-axis direction that intersect the Z-axis direction.
  • the moving direction when the stopper 40 reaches the target position P3 is not limited to the X-axis direction, and can be various directions such as the Y-axis direction that intersect the Z-axis direction.
  • the above-described processing can be changed as appropriate, such as by changing the order.
  • the process of advancing the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 in S102 may be performed after the bar supply process of S104 is started as long as it is before the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 reaches in the Z-axis direction.
  • the tool post to which the stopper 40 is attached may be different from the tool post 30A to which the cut-off tool TO3 is attached.
  • the tool post 30 shown in FIG. 12 includes a tool post 30A attached with a plurality of tools TO2 including a cut-off tool TO3 protruding in the depth direction D86, and a tool post 30A with a plurality of tools TO1 protruding in the front direction D85. Includes attached tool post 30B.
  • the stopper 40 is attached to the tool post 30B to which the cut-off tool TO3 is not attached.
  • the tool post 30A can be moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by a tool post drive unit 31A.
  • the tool post 30B can be moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by a tool post drive unit 31B.
  • the tool rests 30A and 30B are movable independently of each other at least in the X-axis direction.
  • the NC device 70 may move the tool post 30B to advance the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 (see FIG. 4).
  • the NC device 70 may control the movement of the tool post 30A when cutting the bar B1 with the cut-off tool TO3.
  • the NC unit 70 may move the tool post 30B to advance the stopper 40 to the target position P3 (see FIG. 9).
  • the example shown in FIG. 12 also eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool and eliminates the need for a space for arranging a dedicated break-off tool breakage detection device. No cost is required.

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Abstract

Provided is a lathe that can eliminate the need for a device dedicated to detection of breakage of a parting tool. A lathe 1 is provided with a spindle (11), a counter spindle (16), a tool rest 30, a stopper 40, a driving unit (31), and a control unit (70). The stopper 40 positions a bar material B1 at an advanced position P1 where the bar material B1 pushed forward by a material feeding machine 20 from the spindle (11) having released the bar material B1 bumps, and is retractable from the advanced position P1. After completion of an operation of cutting off a workpiece W1 by a parting tool TO3 in a state where the stopper 40 is retracted from the advanced position P1, the control unit (70) carries out a control of causing the driving unit (31) to move the stopper 40 to a position (P3) between the bar material B1 grasped by the spindle (11) and the workpiece W1 grasped by the counter spindle (16), and, when a torque generated by the driving unit (31) exceeds reference torque for detecting the bump of the stopper 40 against the bar material B1, carries out a process (S124) for a case in which the parting tool TO3 is broken.

Description

旋盤lathe
 本発明は、給材機により供給された棒材を加工する旋盤であって突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する手段を備える旋盤に関する。 The present invention relates to a lathe that processes a bar material supplied by a material feeder and is equipped with means for detecting breakage of a parting off tool.
 旋盤として、給材機により供給された棒材からワークを切り離して製品を形成するNC(数値制御)旋盤が知られている。NC旋盤に設けられた正面主軸に後方から給材機が棒材を挿入する場合、正面主軸で棒材を把持する位置を決める必要がある。このため、主軸から前方へ押し出される棒材を位置決めするためのストッパーがNC旋盤に設けられている。ストッパーを備えるNC旋盤は、まず、給材機で棒材を正面主軸に後方から挿入し、正面主軸から押し出される棒材をストッパーに突き当てることにより位置決めし、位置決めされた棒材を正面主軸で把持し、棒材の移動経路からストッパーを退避させる。次に、NC旋盤は、正面主軸に把持されている棒材の先端部の正面加工を刃物台に取り付けられている工具で行い、正面加工後の棒材の先端部を背面主軸で把持し、刃物台に取り付けられている突っ切りバイトで棒材を突っ切る。これにより、背面主軸に把持されている正面加工後のワークが棒材から切り離される。さらに、NC旋盤は、ワークの背面加工を刃物台に取り付けられている工具で行い、得られる製品を排出する。 As lathes, NC (numerical control) lathes are known that form products by separating workpieces from bars supplied by a material feeder. When a material feeder inserts a bar from behind into a front main spindle provided in an NC lathe, it is necessary to determine the position at which the front main spindle grips the bar. For this reason, the NC lathe is provided with a stopper for positioning the bar pushed forward from the spindle. An NC lathe with a stopper first inserts a bar into the front spindle from behind with a material feeder, positions the bar pushed out from the front spindle against the stopper, and then pushes the positioned bar on the front spindle. It is gripped, and the stopper is retracted from the moving path of the bar. Next, the NC lathe performs front machining of the tip of the bar gripped by the front spindle with a tool attached to the tool post, grips the tip of the bar after front machining with the back spindle, Cut through the bar with the cut-off tool attached to the turret. As a result, the front-machined workpiece gripped by the back spindle is separated from the bar. Furthermore, in the NC lathe, the back surface of the workpiece is machined using a tool attached to the tool post, and the resulting product is discharged.
 突っ切りバイトが破損すると、棒材からワークを切り離すことができなくなる。そこで、NC旋盤は、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する手段を備えている。特許文献1に開示された自動旋盤の刃物台には、駆動板と検知棒と近接センサを備える突っ切りバイト破損検知装置が設けられている。刃物台が突っ切り加工終了位置からガイドブッシュの前方を通過して加工開始位置に復帰移動する際、ワークが残存していると、検知棒がワークに触れ、駆動板が回動する。この駆動板の回動を近接センサが検出し、突っ切りバイトの破損として検知する。  If the cut-off tool is damaged, the workpiece cannot be separated from the bar. Therefore, the NC lathe has means for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool. A tool rest of an automatic lathe disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with a cut-off tool breakage detection device having a drive plate, a detection rod, and a proximity sensor. When the turret moves back from the end position of cut-off processing to the start position of processing after passing in front of the guide bush, if the work remains, the detection rod touches the work and the drive plate rotates. A proximity sensor detects this rotation of the driving plate and detects it as breakage of the cut-off tool.
特開2004-90158号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-90158
 上述した自動旋盤では、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出するために専用の突っ切りバイト破損検知装置が必要である。旋盤には、突っ切りバイトの破損検出が求められる一方、省スペース化やコストダウンも求められている。 In the above-mentioned automatic lathe, a dedicated cut-off tool breakage detection device is required to detect breakage of the cut-off tool. Lathes are required to detect breakage of cut-off tools, while space-saving and cost reduction are also required.
 本発明は、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせることが可能な旋盤を開示するものである。 The present invention discloses a lathe that can eliminate the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool.
 本発明の旋盤は、給材機により供給された棒材を加工する旋盤であって、
 後方から挿入された前記棒材を解放可能に把持する主軸と、
 前記主軸から前方へ出ている前記棒材の先端部を解放可能に把持する対向主軸と、
 該対向主軸に把持されている前記棒材の先端部を含むワークを前記棒材から切り離す突っ切りバイトが取り付けられた刃物台と、
 前記棒材を解放した前記主軸から前記給材機により前方へ押し出される前記棒材が突き当たる進出位置において前記棒材を位置決めし、前記進出位置から退避可能なストッパーと、
 前記ストッパーを移動させる駆動部と、
 前記ストッパーが前記進出位置から退避している状態で前記突っ切りバイトにより前記ワークを切り離す動作が完了すると、前記駆動部に前記ストッパーを前記主軸に把持されている前記棒材と前記対向主軸に把持されている前記ワークとの間となる位置に移動させる制御を行い、前記駆動部が発生させるトルクが前記ストッパーの前記棒材への突き当たりを検出するための基準トルクを超えると前記突っ切りバイトが破損した場合の処理を行う制御部と、を備える、態様を有する。
The lathe of the present invention is a lathe that processes a bar material supplied by a material feeder,
a main shaft that releasably grips the bar inserted from the rear;
an opposing spindle releasably gripping the tip of the bar projecting forward from the spindle;
a tool post attached with a cut-off bit for cutting off a workpiece including a tip portion of the bar gripped by the opposed spindle from the bar;
a stopper that positions the bar at an advanced position where the bar pushed forward by the material feeder from the main shaft that releases the bar hits and can be retracted from the advanced position;
a drive unit for moving the stopper;
When the cut-off tool completes the operation of cutting off the workpiece while the stopper is retracted from the advanced position, the drive unit grips the stopper by the rod material gripped by the main shaft and the opposing main shaft. When the torque generated by the driving unit exceeds the reference torque for detecting the collision of the stopper with the bar, the cut-off tool is damaged. and a control unit that performs processing in the case.
 本発明によれば、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせる旋盤を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lathe that eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool.
ガイドブッシュが取り付けられている旋盤の構成例を模式的に示す正面図である。1 is a front view schematically showing a configuration example of a lathe to which a guide bush is attached; FIG. ガイドブッシュが取り外されている旋盤の構成例を模式的に示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view schematically showing a configuration example of the lathe from which the guide bush is removed; 突っ切りバイトが棒材を突っ切る例を模式的に示す平面図である。FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which a cut-off tool cuts through a bar; ストッパーが棒材を位置決めする例を模式的に示す平面図である。FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which a stopper positions a bar; ストッパーが進出位置にある状態の刃物台の例を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the tool post with the stopper at the advanced position; ストッパーが取り付けられている刃物台の例を模式的に示す平面図である。FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a tool post to which a stopper is attached; 旋盤の電気回路の構成例を模式的に示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows typically the structural example of the electric circuit of a lathe. 加工処理の例を模式的に示すフローチャートである。4 is a flowchart schematically showing an example of processing; 突っ切り完了時にストッパーが棒材とワークとの間の目標位置に進出する例を模式的に示す平面図である。FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which the stopper advances to a target position between the bar and the work when the cut-off is completed; 突っ切りバイト破損時にストッパーが棒材に突き当たる例を模式的に示す平面図である。FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing an example in which a stopper abuts against a bar when the cut-off tool breaks. ストッパーが棒材に突き当たった状態の刃物台の例を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a tool rest with a stopper abutting against a bar. ストッパーが取り付けられている刃物台の別の例を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing another example of a tool post to which a stopper is attached;
 以下、本発明の実施形態を説明する。むろん、以下の実施形態は本発明を例示するものに過ぎず、実施形態に示す特徴の全てが発明の解決手段に必須になるとは限らない。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Of course, the following embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and not all features shown in the embodiments are essential to the solution of the invention.
(1)本発明に含まれる技術の概要:
 まず、図1~12に示される例を参照して本発明に含まれる技術の概要を説明する。尚、本願の図は模式的に例を示す図であり、これらの図に示される各方向の拡大率は異なることがあり、各図は整合していないことがある。むろん、本技術の各要素は、符号で示される具体例に限定されない。
(1) Overview of technology included in the present invention:
First, an overview of the technology involved in the present invention will be provided with reference to the examples shown in FIGS. 1-12. It should be noted that the figures of the present application are diagrams schematically showing examples, and the magnification in each direction shown in these figures may differ, and each figure may not match. Of course, each element of the present technology is not limited to specific examples indicated by reference numerals.
[態様1]
 図1,5,7等に例示するように、本技術の一態様に係る旋盤1は、給材機20により供給された棒材B1を加工する旋盤1であって、主軸(例えば正面主軸11)、対向主軸(例えば背面主軸16)、刃物台30、ストッパー40、駆動部(例えば刃物台駆動部31)、及び、制御部(例えばNC装置70)を備える。前記主軸(11)は、後方から挿入された前記棒材B1を解放可能に把持する。前記対向主軸(16)は、前記主軸(11)から前方へ出ている前記棒材B1の先端部B1aを解放可能に把持する。前記刃物台30には、前記対向主軸(16)に把持されている前記棒材B1の先端部B1aを含むワークW1を前記棒材B1から切り離す突っ切りバイトTO3が取り付けられている。前記ストッパー40は、前記棒材B1を解放した前記主軸(11)から前記給材機20により前方へ押し出される前記棒材B1が突き当たる進出位置P1において前記棒材B1を位置決めし、前記進出位置P1から退避可能である。前記駆動部(31)は、前記ストッパー40を移動させる。図8~10等に例示するように、前記制御部(70)は、前記ストッパー40が前記進出位置P1から退避している状態で前記突っ切りバイトTO3により前記ワークW1を切り離す動作が完了すると、前記駆動部(31)に前記ストッパー40を前記主軸(11)に把持されている前記棒材B1と前記対向主軸(16)に把持されている前記ワークW1との間となる位置(P3)に移動させる制御を行い、前記駆動部(31)が発生させるトルクが前記ストッパー40の前記棒材B1への突き当たりを検出するための基準トルクを超えると前記突っ切りバイトTO3が破損した場合の処理(例えば図8に示すステップS124の処理)を行う。
[Aspect 1]
As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 5, 7, etc., a lathe 1 according to one aspect of the present technology is a lathe 1 that processes a bar material B1 supplied by a material feeder 20, and has a main spindle (for example, a front main spindle 11 ), an opposing main shaft (for example, the back main shaft 16), a tool post 30, a stopper 40, a driving section (for example, a tool post driving section 31), and a control section (for example, an NC device 70). The main shaft (11) releasably grips the bar B1 inserted from behind. The opposed main shaft (16) releasably grips the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 protruding forward from the main shaft (11). A cut-off tool TO3 is attached to the tool post 30 for cutting off the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 gripped by the opposed spindle (16) from the bar B1. The stopper 40 positions the bar B1 at an advance position P1 at which the bar B1 pushed forward by the material feeder 20 from the main shaft (11) releasing the bar B1 hits the advance position P1. can be evacuated from The driving part (31) moves the stopper 40. As shown in FIG. As exemplified in FIGS. 8 to 10 and the like, when the operation of cutting off the work W1 by the cut-off tool TO3 is completed in a state in which the stopper 40 is retracted from the advance position P1, the control unit (70) The drive unit (31) moves the stopper 40 to a position (P3) between the bar B1 gripped by the main shaft (11) and the work W1 gripped by the opposed main shaft (16). When the torque generated by the drive unit (31) exceeds the reference torque for detecting the collision of the stopper 40 with the bar B1, the process for the breakage of the cut-off tool TO3 (for example, FIG. 8) is performed.
 給材機20により主軸(11)から前方へ押し出される棒材B1は、進出位置P1に存在するストッパー40により位置決めされる。主軸(11)から前方へ出ている棒材B1の先端部B1aは、対向主軸(16)に把持される。対向主軸(16)に把持されている棒材B1の先端部B1aを含むワークW1は、突っ切りバイトTO3が破損していなければ棒材B1から切り離される。ワークW1が棒材B1から切り離されない場合、突っ切りバイトTO3は破損している。この場合、図10に例示するように、進出位置P1から退避している状態のストッパー40が主軸(11)に把持されている棒材B1と対向主軸(16)に把持されているワークW1との間となる位置(P3)の方へ移動すると棒材B1に突き当たる。すると、駆動部(31)が発生させるトルクが基準トルクを超え、これにより突っ切りバイトTO3が破損した場合の処理(S124)が行われる。
 以上により、給材機20により主軸(11)から押し出される棒材B1を位置決めするストッパー40と該ストッパー40の駆動部(31)とで突っ切りバイトTO3の破損を検出することができる。従って、上記態様は、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせる旋盤を提供することができる。その結果、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を配置するスペースが不要となり、当該専用の装置のためのコストも不要となる。
The bar material B1 pushed forward from the main shaft (11) by the material feeder 20 is positioned by the stopper 40 present at the advance position P1. A tip portion B1a of the bar B1 projecting forward from the main shaft (11) is gripped by the opposing main shaft (16). The workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 gripped by the opposing main shaft (16) is separated from the bar B1 if the cut-off tool TO3 is not damaged. If the workpiece W1 is not separated from the bar B1, the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged. In this case, as exemplified in FIG. 10, the stopper 40 in the state of being retracted from the advance position P1 is positioned between the bar B1 gripped by the main shaft (11) and the work W1 gripped by the opposing main shaft (16). When it moves toward the position (P3) between , it hits the bar B1. Then, the torque generated by the driving section (31) exceeds the reference torque, and processing (S124) is performed when the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged.
As described above, breakage of the cut-off tool TO3 can be detected by the stopper 40 for positioning the bar B1 pushed out from the main shaft (11) by the feeder 20 and the driving portion (31) of the stopper 40. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a lathe that eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool. As a result, no space is required for arranging a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool, and the cost for the dedicated device is also eliminated.
 ここで、主軸に把持されている棒材と対向主軸に把持されているワークとの間となる位置は、ワークが棒材から切り離された状態における棒材とワークとの間の位置を意味する。当該位置は、ワークが棒材から切り離されなければストッパーが棒材(ワークを含む。)に突き当たる位置であり、進出位置と同じ位置でもよいし、進出位置とは異なる位置でもよい。
 ストッパーを移動させる駆動部は、突っ切りバイトが取り付けられた刃物台を移動させる駆動部でもよいし、突っ切りバイトが取り付けられた刃物台を移動させる駆動部とは異なっていてもよい。
 駆動部が発生させるトルクは、ストッパーを移動させる駆動部のサーボモーターに流す電流値、駆動部のサーボモーターに流す電流値の相対値、等により表され、駆動部においてサーボアンプからサーボモーターに出力されるトルク指令の値で表されてもよい。
 上述した付言は、以下の態様においても適用される。
Here, the position between the bar gripped by the main shaft and the work gripped by the counter spindle means the position between the bar and the work when the work is separated from the bar. . The position is the position where the stopper hits the bar (including the work) if the work is not separated from the bar, and may be the same position as the advanced position or a position different from the advanced position.
The drive unit that moves the stopper may be a drive unit that moves the tool post to which the cut-off bit is attached, or may be different from the drive unit that moves the tool post to which the cut-off bit is attached.
The torque generated by the drive unit is represented by the value of the current flowing through the servo motor of the drive unit that moves the stopper, the relative value of the current value of the current flow through the servo motor of the drive unit, etc., and is output from the servo amplifier to the servo motor in the drive unit. It may be represented by the value of the torque command to be set.
The remarks mentioned above also apply to the following aspects.
[態様2]
 図5,12等に例示するように、前記ストッパー40は、工具TO1が取り付けられた刃物台30に取り付けられてもよい。前記駆動部(31)は、前記刃物台30を移動させることにより前記ストッパー40を移動させてもよい。本態様は、刃物台30の駆動部(31)でストッパー40を移動させることができるので、ストッパーを移動させる専用の駆動部を不要にさせる旋盤を提供することができる。
 ここで、ストッパーが取り付けられた刃物台は、図5等に例示するように突っ切りバイトが取り付けられた刃物台でもよいし、図12に例示するように突っ切りバイトが取り付けられた刃物台30Aとは異なっていてもよい。
[Aspect 2]
As illustrated in FIGS. 5, 12, etc., the stopper 40 may be attached to the tool post 30 to which the tool TO1 is attached. The drive section (31) may move the stopper 40 by moving the tool rest 30. As shown in FIG. In this aspect, the stopper 40 can be moved by the driving portion (31) of the tool post 30, so that a lathe that eliminates the need for a dedicated driving portion for moving the stopper can be provided.
Here, the tool post to which the stopper is attached may be a tool post to which a cut-off bit is attached as shown in FIG. can be different.
(2)旋盤の構成の具体例:
 図1は、ガイドブッシュ14が取り付けられている旋盤1の構成を模式的に例示する正面図である。図2は、ガイドブッシュ14が取り外されている旋盤1の構成を模式的に例示する正面図である。図3は、突っ切りバイトTO3が棒材B1を突っ切る様子を模式的に例示する平面図である。図4は、ストッパー40が棒材B1を位置決めする様子を模式的に例示する平面図である。図5は、ストッパー40が進出位置P1にある状態の刃物台30をガイドブッシュ14及び棒材B1とともに模式的に例示している。図5において、分かり易く示すため、棒材B1に網掛けが施されている。図6,11,12においても、棒材B1に網掛けが施されている。
(2) Specific example of lathe configuration:
FIG. 1 is a front view schematically illustrating the configuration of a lathe 1 to which a guide bushing 14 is attached. FIG. 2 is a front view schematically illustrating the configuration of the lathe 1 from which the guide bushing 14 has been removed. FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically illustrating how the cut-off tool TO3 cuts through the bar B1. FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically illustrating how the stopper 40 positions the bar B1. FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the tool post 30 with the stopper 40 at the advanced position P1 together with the guide bush 14 and the bar B1. In FIG. 5, the bar B1 is hatched for easy understanding. 6, 11 and 12, the bar B1 is also shaded.
 図1~5等において、符号D81は上方向を示し、符号D82は下方向を示し、符号D83は左方向を示し、符号D84は右方向を示し、符号D85は手前方向を示し、符号D86は奥方向を示している。尚、これらの方向は、図1に示す旋盤1を見る方向を基準としている。旋盤1の制御軸は、「X」で示されるX軸、「Y」で示されるY軸、及び、「Z」で示されるZ軸を含んでいる。Z軸方向は、棒材B1の回転中心となる主軸中心線AX1に沿った水平方向である。X軸方向は、Z軸と直交する水平方向である。Y軸方向は、Z軸と直交する鉛直方向である。尚、Z軸とX軸とは交差していれば直交していなくてもよく、Z軸とY軸とは交差していれば直交していなくてもよく、X軸とY軸とは交差していれば直交していなくてもよい。また、本明細書において参照される図面は、本技術を説明するための例を示しているに過ぎず、本技術を限定するものではない。各部の位置関係の説明は、例示に過ぎない。従って、左右を逆にしたり、回転方向を逆にしたり等することも、本技術に含まれる。方向や位置等の同一は、厳密な一致に限定されず、誤差により厳密な一致からずれることを含む。 1 to 5, the code D81 indicates the upward direction, the code D82 indicates the downward direction, the code D83 indicates the left direction, the code D84 indicates the right direction, the code D85 indicates the front direction, and the code D86 indicates the direction. It shows the depth direction. These directions are based on the viewing direction of the lathe 1 shown in FIG. The control axes of lathe 1 include an X-axis denoted "X", a Y-axis denoted "Y" and a Z-axis denoted "Z". The Z-axis direction is a horizontal direction along the main shaft center line AX1, which is the center of rotation of the bar B1. The X-axis direction is a horizontal direction orthogonal to the Z-axis. The Y-axis direction is a vertical direction perpendicular to the Z-axis. Note that the Z-axis and the X-axis may not be orthogonal as long as they intersect, the Z-axis and the Y-axis may not be orthogonal as long as they intersect, and the X-axis and the Y-axis may intersect. It does not have to be orthogonal if it is. Moreover, the drawings referred to in this specification merely show examples for explaining the present technology, and do not limit the present technology. The description of the positional relationship of each part is merely an example. Therefore, reversing left and right, reversing the direction of rotation, etc. are also included in the present technology. Identicalness in direction, position, etc. is not limited to strict matching, and includes deviation from strict matching due to errors.
 旋盤1は、正面主軸台10、正面主軸台駆動部13、背面主軸台15、背面主軸台駆動部18、支持台25、刃物台30、刃物台駆動部31、ストッパー40、NC(数値制御)装置70、等を備えるNC旋盤である。ここで、刃物台駆動部31はストッパー40を移動させる駆動部の例であり、NC装置70は制御部の例である。正面主軸台10には、給材機20により後方から挿入された棒材B1を解放可能に把持する主軸の例である正面主軸11が組み込まれている。正面主軸11の前端11aは背面主軸16に対向し、正面主軸11の後端11bは給材機20に対向している。正面主軸11は、主軸中心線AX1に沿って貫通した貫通穴11hを有している。貫通穴11hには、後方から棒材B1が挿入される。背面主軸台15には、正面主軸11の前端11aから前方へ出ている棒材B1の先端部B1aを解放可能に把持する対向主軸の例である背面主軸16が組み込まれている。背面主軸16の前端16aは、正面主軸11の前端11aと対向している。すなわち、正面主軸11と背面主軸16とは、互いに対向している。尚、正面主軸11についての前方は、棒材B1が正面主軸11から押し出される方向を意味し、図1に示す例では右方向D84である。正面主軸11についての後方は、正面主軸11から給材機20に向かう方向を意味し、図1に示す例では左方向D83である。背面主軸16についての前方は、背面主軸16が正面主軸11の方へ向かう方向を意味し、図1に示す例では左方向D83である。支持台25の取付穴26には、図1に示すようにガイドブッシュ14を取り付けることが可能であり、また、図2に示すように正面主軸11の前部を挿入することが可能である。従って、旋盤1は、ガイドブッシュ14の有無を切り替え可能な主軸移動型旋盤である。 The lathe 1 includes a front headstock 10, a front headstock drive unit 13, a back headstock 15, a back headstock drive unit 18, a support stand 25, a tool post 30, a tool post drive unit 31, a stopper 40, and an NC (numerical control). It is an NC lathe equipped with devices 70 and the like. Here, the tool rest drive section 31 is an example of a drive section that moves the stopper 40, and the NC device 70 is an example of a control section. The front headstock 10 incorporates a front main spindle 11, which is an example of a main spindle for releasably gripping the bar B1 inserted from behind by the material feeder 20. As shown in FIG. The front end 11 a of the front main shaft 11 faces the rear main shaft 16 , and the rear end 11 b of the front main shaft 11 faces the feeder 20 . The front main spindle 11 has a through hole 11h extending along the main spindle centerline AX1. A bar B1 is inserted from behind into the through hole 11h. The back headstock 15 incorporates a back spindle 16, which is an example of a facing spindle, releasably gripping the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 projecting forward from the front end 11a of the front spindle 11. A front end 16 a of the back main shaft 16 faces a front end 11 a of the front main shaft 11 . That is, the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16 face each other. The forward direction with respect to the front main shaft 11 means the direction in which the bar B1 is pushed out from the front main shaft 11, which is the right direction D84 in the example shown in FIG. The rear with respect to the front main shaft 11 means the direction from the front main shaft 11 toward the material feeder 20, which is the left direction D83 in the example shown in FIG. Forward with respect to the back main axis 16 means the direction in which the back main axis 16 faces toward the front main axis 11, which is the left direction D83 in the example shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the guide bush 14 can be attached to the mounting hole 26 of the support base 25, and the front portion of the front main shaft 11 can be inserted as shown in FIG. Therefore, the lathe 1 is a spindle-moving lathe capable of switching between the presence and absence of the guide bush 14 .
 正面主軸11は、前端11aを含む部分において棒材B1を解放可能に把持する把持部12を備え、該把持部12により棒材B1を解放可能に把持し、棒材B1とともに主軸中心線AX1を中心として回転可能である。NC装置70は、図7に例示する把持用アクチュエーター12aを駆動させることにより把持部12の把持状態を制御する。把持部12は、例えば、コレット等により構成することができる。NC装置70は、不図示のサーボモーター(例えばビルトインモーター)に正面主軸11を回転させる制御を行う。正面主軸台駆動部13は、正面主軸11が組み込まれた正面主軸台10をNC装置70からの指令に従ってZ軸方向へ移動させる。 The front main shaft 11 includes a gripping portion 12 that releasably grips the bar B1 at a portion including the front end 11a. It is rotatable as a center. The NC device 70 controls the gripping state of the gripper 12 by driving the gripping actuator 12a illustrated in FIG. The grasping part 12 can be configured by, for example, a collet or the like. The NC device 70 controls a servomotor (eg, a built-in motor) (not shown) to rotate the front spindle 11 . The front headstock drive unit 13 moves the front headstock 10 in which the front main spindle 11 is installed in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70 .
 背面主軸16は、前端16aを含む部分において正面加工後の棒材B1の先端部B1aを解放可能に把持する把持部17を備え、該把持部17により棒材B1の先端部B1aを解放可能に把持し、棒材B1とともに主軸中心線AX1を中心として回転可能である。製品となるワークW1は、棒材B1のうち先端部B1aを含む部分であり、突っ切りバイトTO3により棒材B1から切り離される部分である。NC装置70は、図7に例示する把持用アクチュエーター17aを駆動させることにより把持部17の把持状態を制御する。把持部17は、例えば、コレット等により構成することができる。NC装置70は、不図示のサーボモーター(例えばビルトインモーター)に背面主軸16を回転させる制御を行う。背面主軸台駆動部18は、背面主軸16が組み込まれた背面主軸台15をNC装置70からの指令に従ってZ軸方向へ移動させる。背面主軸台駆動部18は、背面主軸16が組み込まれた背面主軸台15をX軸方向とY軸方向の少なくとも一方へ移動させてもよい。棒材B1から切り離されたワークW1は、背面加工により製品となる。 The rear spindle 16 includes a gripping portion 17 that releasably grips the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 after front processing at a portion including the front end 16a. It can be gripped and rotated about the spindle center line AX1 together with the bar B1. A workpiece W1, which is a product, is a portion of the bar B1 including the tip portion B1a, and is a portion cut off from the bar B1 by the cut-off tool TO3. The NC device 70 controls the gripping state of the gripper 17 by driving the gripping actuator 17a illustrated in FIG. The grasping part 17 can be configured by, for example, a collet or the like. The NC device 70 controls a servomotor (eg, built-in motor) not shown to rotate the back main shaft 16 . The back headstock drive unit 18 moves the back headstock 15 in which the back spindle 16 is installed in the Z-axis direction according to a command from the NC device 70 . The back headstock driving section 18 may move the back headstock 15 in which the back spindle 16 is incorporated in at least one of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The work W1 cut off from the bar B1 becomes a product by back processing.
 正面主軸11に棒材B1を供給する給材機20は、例えば、主軸中心線AX1に沿った不図示のレール、該レール上の棒材B1を正面主軸11の方(右方向D84)へ移動させる不図示の駆動部、等を備え、正面主軸11の貫通穴11hに後方から棒材B1を挿入する。給材機20には、棒材を把持して正面主軸に送り込むフィンガータイプの棒材供給装置、棒材を後方から押すだけで正面主軸に送り込むプッシュプルタイプの棒材供給装置、等を用いることができる。棒材B1は、長尺な円柱状材料といった中実の材料に限定されず、長尺な円筒状材料といった中空の材料でもよい。 The material feeder 20 that supplies the bar B1 to the front main shaft 11 moves, for example, a rail (not shown) along the main shaft center line AX1, and the bar B1 on the rail toward the front main shaft 11 (right direction D84). A driving portion (not shown) is provided, and the bar B1 is inserted into the through hole 11h of the front main shaft 11 from behind. For the material feeder 20, a finger-type bar feeder that grips a bar and feeds it to the front spindle, or a push-pull type bar feeder that feeds the bar to the front spindle by simply pushing it from the rear, or the like may be used. can be done. The bar material B1 is not limited to a solid material such as a long cylindrical material, and may be a hollow material such as a long cylindrical material.
 支持台25は、Z軸方向において正面主軸台10と背面主軸台15との間にあり、Z軸方向へ貫通した取付穴26を有している。図1に示すようなガイドブッシュ使用時、ガイドブッシュ14が取付穴26に挿入されて支持台25に取り外し可能に取り付けられる。ガイドブッシュ14は、正面主軸11の貫通穴11hから前方へ突出した棒材B1をZ軸方向へ摺動可能に支持する。棒材B1のうちガイドブッシュ14から背面主軸16の方(右方向D84)へ突出した部分が工具TO1により加工される。図2に示すようなガイドブッシュ不使用時、正面主軸11の前部が取付穴26に挿入される。棒材B1のうち正面主軸11から前方(右方向D84)へ突出した部分が工具TO1により加工される。 The support base 25 is located between the front headstock 10 and the back headstock 15 in the Z-axis direction, and has a mounting hole 26 penetrating in the Z-axis direction. When using a guide bush as shown in FIG. 1, the guide bush 14 is inserted into the mounting hole 26 and removably mounted on the support base 25 . The guide bush 14 supports the bar B1 protruding forward from the through hole 11h of the front main shaft 11 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction. A portion of the bar B1 that protrudes from the guide bush 14 toward the back main spindle 16 (right direction D84) is machined by the tool TO1. The front portion of the front spindle 11 is inserted into the mounting hole 26 when the guide bush is not used as shown in FIG. A portion of the bar B1 protruding forward (rightward direction D84) from the front spindle 11 is machined by the tool TO1.
 刃物台30は、棒材B1を加工するための複数の工具TO1が取り付けられ、X軸方向及びY軸方向へ移動可能である。刃物台駆動部31は、NC装置70からの指令に従って刃物台30をX軸方向及びY軸方向へ移動させる。刃物台駆動部31は、刃物台30をZ軸方向へ移動させてもよい。刃物台30は、図5に示すようにくし形刃物台でもよいし、タレット刃物台等でもよい。旋盤1は、背面主軸16に把持されているワークW1の背面加工を行う背面加工用刃物台を備えていてもよい。複数の工具TO1には、突っ切りバイトTO3を含むバイトTO2、回転ドリルやエンドミルといった回転工具、等が含まれる。図5に示す刃物台30には、最下部に配置されている突っ切りバイトTO3を含めて複数のバイトTO2が主軸中心線AX1側(奥方向D86)へ突出した状態で取り付けられている。図3に示すように、突っ切りバイトTO3は、棒材B1を正面主軸11と背面主軸16との間で突っ切ることにより、背面主軸16に把持されている棒材B1の先端部B1aを含むワークW1を棒材B1から切り離す。 A plurality of tools TO1 for machining the bar material B1 are attached to the tool post 30, and it is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The tool post drive unit 31 moves the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction according to commands from the NC device 70 . The tool post drive unit 31 may move the tool post 30 in the Z-axis direction. The tool post 30 may be a comb-shaped tool post as shown in FIG. 5, or may be a turret tool post or the like. The lathe 1 may include a back machining tool rest for machining the back of the work W1 gripped by the back spindle 16 . The plurality of tools TO1 include a cutting tool TO2 including a cut-off tool TO3, rotary tools such as rotary drills and end mills, and the like. In the tool post 30 shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of cutting tools TO2 including the cut-off cutting tool TO3 arranged at the bottom are attached in a state of protruding toward the spindle center line AX1 side (inward direction D86). As shown in FIG. 3, the cut-off tool TO3 cuts through the bar B1 between the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16, thereby cutting off the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 gripped by the back main shaft 16. is separated from the bar material B1.
 図3は、ガイドブッシュ不使用時において突っ切りバイトTO3がワークW1を棒材B1から切り離す様子を示している。図3において、把持部12,17の「閉」は、図7に示す把持用アクチュエーター12a,17aにより把持部12,17が締め付けられて棒材B1を把持していることを示している。図3に示す状態ST1は、正面主軸11の把持部12が棒材B1を把持している状態で背面主軸16の把持部17が棒材B1の先端部B1aを含むワークW1を把持した状態である。NC装置70は、棒材B1を把持している正面主軸11及び背面主軸16を回転させている状態で突っ切りバイトTO3の先端TO3aを刃物台30とともに正面主軸11と背面主軸16との間で主軸中心線AX1までX軸方向(奥方向D86)へ移動させる制御を行う。これにより、棒材B1が正面主軸11と背面主軸16との間で突っ切られた状態ST2、すなわち、背面主軸16に把持されているワークW1が棒材B1から切り離された状態ST2となる。 FIG. 3 shows how the cut-off tool TO3 separates the workpiece W1 from the bar B1 when the guide bush is not used. In FIG. 3, "closed" of the gripping portions 12 and 17 indicates that the gripping portions 12 and 17 are tightened by the gripping actuators 12a and 17a shown in FIG. 7 to grip the bar B1. The state ST1 shown in FIG. 3 is a state in which the gripping portion 12 of the front spindle 11 grips the bar B1 and the gripping portion 17 of the back spindle 16 grips the workpiece W1 including the tip portion B1a of the bar B1. be. The NC device 70 rotates the front spindle 11 and the back spindle 16 gripping the bar B1, and moves the tip TO3a of the cut-off tool TO3 between the front spindle 11 and the back spindle 16 together with the tool rest 30. Control is performed to move in the X-axis direction (backward direction D86) to the center line AX1. As a result, a state ST2 in which the bar B1 is cut through between the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16, that is, a state ST2 in which the work W1 gripped by the back main shaft 16 is separated from the bar B1.
 図5に示す刃物台30には、取り付けられている複数のバイトTO2よりも上側においてストッパー40がねじSC1で取り付けられている。本具体例のストッパー40は、突っ切りバイトTO3が取り付けられている刃物台30に取り付けられた部材であり、刃物台30とともにX軸方向及びY軸方向へ移動可能である。図5に示す刃物台30には、ストッパー40が主軸中心線AX1側(奥方向D86)へ突出した状態で取り付けられている。図4に示すように、ストッパー40は、棒材B1を解放した正面主軸11から給材機20により前方へ押し出される棒材B1が突き当たる進出位置P1において棒材B1を位置決めし、進出位置P1から退避可能である。ストッパー40は、例えば金属で形成することができ、カーボン素材やセラミックス等の軽量素材で形成されてもよい。 A stopper 40 is attached to the tool post 30 shown in FIG. 5 with a screw SC1 above the plurality of attached tools TO2. The stopper 40 of this specific example is a member attached to the tool post 30 to which the cut-off tool TO3 is attached, and is movable together with the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. A stopper 40 is attached to the tool post 30 shown in FIG. 5 in a state of protruding toward the spindle center line AX1 side (back direction D86). As shown in FIG. 4, the stopper 40 positions the bar B1 at an advance position P1 at which the bar B1 pushed forward by the material feeder 20 from the front main shaft 11, which has released the bar B1, abuts thereon. It is possible to evacuate. The stopper 40 can be made of metal, for example, and may be made of a lightweight material such as a carbon material or ceramics.
 図4は、ガイドブッシュ不使用時においてストッパー40が棒材B1を位置決めする様子を示している。図4において、把持部12の「開」は、把持部12の締め付けが解除されて棒材B1が把持から解放されていることを示している。図4に示す状態ST3は、突っ切りバイトTO3がワークW1と棒材B1との間から退避し正面主軸11の把持部12が棒材B1を把持から解放した状態である。背面主軸16の把持部17に把持されているワークW1には、背面加工が行われる。図4に示す状態ST4,ST5には、背面主軸台15が示されていない。図4に示す状態ST4は、正面主軸台10が後退しストッパー40が進出位置P1に進出した状態である。進出位置P1は、図4において二点鎖線で示される範囲にストッパー40が入る位置であればよく、図5に示すようにストッパー40の先端41が主軸中心線AX1に合わせられる位置でもよい。正面主軸11が棒材B1を把持から解放していても、正面主軸11と棒材B1との間に摩擦力が働くことにより、正面主軸台10が後退すると棒材B1がある程度後退する。棒材B1が後退する程度は一定していないため、正面主軸11と棒材B1との位置関係は一定でない。図4に示す状態ST5は、棒材B1を解放した正面主軸11から給材機20の駆動により前方へ押し出される棒材B1の先端部B1aがストッパー40に突き当たり正面主軸11の把持部12が棒材B1を把持した状態である。これにより、棒材B1が正面主軸11に対して位置決めされ、次の正面加工が可能となる。 FIG. 4 shows how the stopper 40 positions the bar B1 when the guide bush is not used. In FIG. 4, "open" of the gripping portion 12 indicates that tightening of the gripping portion 12 is released and the bar B1 is released from gripping. A state ST3 shown in FIG. 4 is a state in which the cut-off tool TO3 is retracted from between the workpiece W1 and the bar B1, and the gripping portion 12 of the front spindle 11 releases the bar B1 from gripping. The workpiece W1 gripped by the gripping portion 17 of the back spindle 16 is subjected to back machining. The back headstock 15 is not shown in the states ST4 and ST5 shown in FIG. A state ST4 shown in FIG. 4 is a state in which the front headstock 10 has retreated and the stopper 40 has advanced to the advanced position P1. The advanced position P1 may be a position where the stopper 40 falls within the range shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. Even if the front spindle 11 releases the bar B1 from gripping, the bar B1 retreats to some extent when the front headstock 10 retreats due to the frictional force acting between the front spindle 11 and the bar B1. Since the degree to which the bar B1 retreats is not constant, the positional relationship between the front main shaft 11 and the bar B1 is not constant. In a state ST5 shown in FIG. 4, the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 pushed forward by the drive of the material feeder 20 from the front main shaft 11 with the bar B1 released hits the stopper 40 and the grip portion 12 of the front main shaft 11 is pushed forward. This is a state in which the material B1 is gripped. As a result, the bar B1 is positioned with respect to the front main spindle 11, and the next front machining can be performed.
 尚、ガイドブッシュ使用時には、ガイドブッシュ14が棒材B1を保持することにより、棒材B1を把持から解放した正面主軸11が後退しても棒材B1の位置がガイドブッシュ14に対して定まっている。従って、ガイドブッシュ使用時には、ストッパー40を使用する必要が無い。このように、ストッパー40は、突っ切りバイト破損検出に使用しない場合、ガイドブッシュ不使用時において棒材突っ切り後に正面主軸11の把持部12を開いて棒材B1を押し当てる機能しか無い。 When the guide bush is used, the guide bush 14 holds the bar B1, so that the position of the bar B1 is fixed with respect to the guide bush 14 even if the front spindle 11, which has released the bar B1 from its grip, retreats. there is Therefore, it is not necessary to use the stopper 40 when using the guide bush. As described above, when the stopper 40 is not used for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool, it only has a function of opening the grip portion 12 of the front main spindle 11 after cutting off the bar to press the bar B1 when the guide bush is not used.
 ところで、突っ切りバイトTO3が破損すると、棒材B1からワークW1を切り離すことができなくなる。そこで、突っ切りバイトTO3の破損を検出することが望まれる。ただ、専用の突っ切りバイト破損検出装置を旋盤1に設けるためには、突っ切りバイト破損検出装置を配置するスペースが旋盤1に必要であり、突っ切りバイト破損検出装置のためのコストもかかる。
 本具体例は、棒材B1を位置決めするためのストッパー40を突っ切りバイト破損検出に利用することにより、突っ切りバイトTO3の破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせている。ストッパー40と刃物台駆動部31が棒材B1を押し当てる機能と突っ切りバイト破損検出機能とを併せ持つため、省スペース化とコストダウンの効果が得られる。以下、ストッパー40を利用した突っ切りバイト破損検出を説明する。
By the way, if the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged, the workpiece W1 cannot be separated from the bar B1. Therefore, it is desirable to detect breakage of the cut-off tool TO3. However, in order to install a dedicated cut-off tool breakage detection device on the lathe 1, the lathe 1 needs a space for arranging the cut-off tool breakage detection device, and the cost for the cut-off tool breakage detection device is also high.
This specific example eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cutoff tool TO3 by using the stopper 40 for positioning the bar B1 for detecting breakage of the cutoff tool. Since the stopper 40 and the tool rest drive unit 31 have both the function of pressing the bar B1 and the function of detecting breakage of the cutting off tool, space saving and cost reduction effects can be obtained. The cut-off tool breakage detection using the stopper 40 will be described below.
 図6は、ストッパー40と突っ切りバイトTO3が取り付けられている刃物台30の上面をガイドブッシュ14及び棒材B1とともに模式的に例示している。図6の下部には、ストッパー40及び突っ切りバイトTO3の拡大図が示されている。
 図6に示すように、刃物台30から奥方向D86へ突出した部分において、ストッパー40の左側面40Lは突っ切りバイトTO3の左側面TO3Lよりも1~2mm程度右側にあり、ストッパー40の右側面40Rは突っ切りバイトTO3の右側面TO3Rよりも左側にある。すなわち、Z軸方向において、ストッパー40の突出部分の範囲は、突っ切りバイトTO3の突出部分の範囲内にあり、且つ、突っ切りバイトTO3の突出部分の範囲よりも小さい。刃物台30がZ軸方向へ移動しない場合において、ストッパー40を突っ切りバイト破損検出に使用する場合、ストッパー40の突出部分の範囲が突っ切りバイトTO3の突出部分の範囲内にあると好適である。
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the upper surface of the tool rest 30 to which the stopper 40 and the cut-off tool TO3 are attached, together with the guide bush 14 and the bar B1. An enlarged view of the stopper 40 and the cut-off tool TO3 is shown in the lower part of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, the left side surface 40L of the stopper 40 is about 1 to 2 mm to the right of the left side TO3L of the cut-off tool TO3 at the portion protruding from the tool post 30 in the depth direction D86. is on the left side of the right side TO3R of the cut-off tool TO3. That is, in the Z-axis direction, the range of the projecting portion of the stopper 40 is within the range of the projecting portion of the cut-off tool TO3, and is smaller than the range of the projecting portion of the cut-off tool TO3. When the tool post 30 does not move in the Z-axis direction and the stopper 40 is used to detect breakage of the cut-off tool, it is preferable that the projection of the stopper 40 is within the projection of the cut-off tool TO3.
 図7は、NC装置70を備える旋盤1の電気回路の構成を模式的に例示している。NC装置70には、操作部80、給材機20、正面主軸台駆動部13、正面主軸11の回転駆動部(不図示)、把持用アクチュエーター12a、背面主軸台駆動部18、背面主軸16の回転駆動部(不図示)、把持用アクチュエーター17a、刃物台駆動部31、等が接続されている。把持用アクチュエーター12aは、図1~4に示す正面主軸11の把持部12を駆動する。把持用アクチュエーター17aは、図1~4に示す背面主軸16の把持部17を駆動する。刃物台駆動部31は、サーボアンプ32,33とサーボモーター34,35を備えている。NC装置70は、プロセッサーであるCPU71、半導体メモリーであるROM72、半導体メモリーであるRAM73、時計回路74、I/F(インターフェイス)75、等を備えている。図7では、操作部80、給材機20、正面主軸台駆動部13、把持用アクチュエーター12a、背面主軸台駆動部18、把持用アクチュエーター17a、刃物台駆動部31、等のI/FをまとめてI/F75と示している。ROM72には、加工プログラムPR2を解釈して実行するための制御プログラムPR1が書き込まれている。ROM72は、データを書き換え可能な半導体メモリーでもよい。RAM73には、オペレーターにより作成された加工プログラムPR2が書き換え可能に記憶される。加工プログラムは、NCプログラムとも呼ばれる。CPU71は、RAM73をワークエリアとして使用し、ROM72に記録されている制御プログラムPR1を実行することにより、NC装置70の機能を実現させる。 FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the configuration of the electric circuit of the lathe 1 having the NC device 70. As shown in FIG. The NC unit 70 includes an operation unit 80, a material feeder 20, a front headstock drive unit 13, a rotary drive unit (not shown) for the front spindle 11, a gripping actuator 12a, a back headstock drive unit 18, and a back spindle 16. A rotary drive unit (not shown), a gripping actuator 17a, a tool post drive unit 31, and the like are connected. The gripping actuator 12a drives the gripping portion 12 of the front spindle 11 shown in FIGS. The gripping actuator 17a drives the gripping portion 17 of the back main shaft 16 shown in FIGS. The tool rest drive unit 31 includes servo amplifiers 32 and 33 and servo motors 34 and 35 . The NC device 70 includes a CPU 71 as a processor, a ROM 72 as a semiconductor memory, a RAM 73 as a semiconductor memory, a clock circuit 74, an I/F (interface) 75, and the like. 7, the I/Fs of the operation unit 80, material feeder 20, front headstock drive unit 13, gripping actuator 12a, back headstock drive unit 18, gripping actuator 17a, tool post drive unit 31, etc. are summarized. is indicated as I/F75. The ROM 72 is written with a control program PR1 for interpreting and executing the machining program PR2. The ROM 72 may be a rewritable semiconductor memory. The RAM 73 rewritably stores a machining program PR2 created by the operator. A machining program is also called an NC program. The CPU 71 implements the functions of the NC device 70 by executing the control program PR1 recorded in the ROM 72 using the RAM 73 as a work area.
 操作部80は、入力部81及び表示部82を備え、NC装置70のユーザーインターフェイスとして機能する。入力部81は、例えば、オペレーターから操作入力を受け付けるためのボタンやタッチパネルから構成される。表示部82は、例えば、オペレーターから操作入力を受け付けた各種設定の内容や旋盤1に関する各種情報を表示するディスプレイで構成される。オペレーターは、操作部80や外部のコンピューター(不図示)を用いて加工プログラムPR2をRAM73に記憶させることが可能である。 The operation unit 80 includes an input unit 81 and a display unit 82 and functions as a user interface for the NC device 70. The input unit 81 is composed of, for example, buttons and a touch panel for receiving operation input from an operator. The display unit 82 is configured by, for example, a display that displays the contents of various settings received from the operator and various information regarding the lathe 1 . The operator can store the machining program PR2 in the RAM 73 using the operation unit 80 or an external computer (not shown).
 刃物台駆動部31は、X軸に沿って刃物台30を移動させるために、NC装置70に接続されたサーボアンプ32、及び、該サーボアンプ32に接続されたサーボモーター34を備えている。また、刃物台駆動部31は、Y軸に沿って刃物台30を移動させるために、NC装置70に接続されたサーボアンプ33、及び、該サーボアンプ33に接続されたサーボモーター35を備えている。 The tool post drive unit 31 includes a servo amplifier 32 connected to the NC device 70 and a servo motor 34 connected to the servo amplifier 32 in order to move the tool post 30 along the X axis. In addition, the tool post driving section 31 includes a servo amplifier 33 connected to the NC device 70 and a servo motor 35 connected to the servo amplifier 33 in order to move the tool post 30 along the Y-axis. there is
 サーボアンプ32は、NC装置70からの指令に従って、X軸方向において刃物台30の位置及び移動速度を制御する。サーボアンプ33は、NC装置70からの指令に従って、Y軸方向において刃物台30の位置及び移動速度を制御する。サーボモーター34は、エンコーダー36を備え、サーボアンプ32からの指令に従って回転し、X軸方向において不図示の送り機構及びガイドを介して刃物台30を移動させる。サーボモーター35は、エンコーダー37を備え、サーボアンプ33からの指令に従って回転し、Y軸方向において不図示の送り機構及びガイドを介して刃物台30を移動させる。送り機構には、ボールねじによる機構等を用いることができる。ガイドには、アリとアリ溝との組合せといった滑り案内等を用いることができる。 The servo amplifier 32 controls the position and movement speed of the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction according to commands from the NC device 70 . The servo amplifier 33 controls the position and movement speed of the tool post 30 in the Y-axis direction according to commands from the NC device 70 . The servomotor 34 has an encoder 36, rotates according to a command from the servo amplifier 32, and moves the tool post 30 in the X-axis direction via a feed mechanism and guides (not shown). The servo motor 35 has an encoder 37, rotates according to a command from the servo amplifier 33, and moves the tool post 30 in the Y-axis direction via a feed mechanism and guides (not shown). A mechanism using a ball screw or the like can be used as the feed mechanism. A sliding guide such as a combination of a dovetail and a dovetail groove can be used as the guide.
(3)加工処理の具体例:
 図8は、加工プログラムPR2の実行時に行われる加工処理を模式的に例示している。加工処理は、制御プログラムPR1を実行するNC装置70により行われる。初期状態として、ストッパー40と突っ切りバイトTO3は、棒材B1と干渉しないように配置される。
 ガイドブッシュ不使用時、NC装置70は、まず、刃物台駆動部31に刃物台30を移動させることにより、正面主軸11から前方へ押し出される棒材B1が突き当たる進出位置P1にストッパー40を進出させる(ステップS102)。例えば、NC装置70は、Y軸方向においてストッパー40の先端41の位置を主軸中心線AX1の位置に合わせ、その後、X軸方向においてストッパー40を進出位置P1まで移動させてもよい。ステップS102の処理直後におけるストッパー40は、図4(状態ST4)及び図5に示すような進出位置P1に存在する。ガイドブッシュ使用時、ストッパー40を進出させる処理は行われない。
(3) Specific examples of processing:
FIG. 8 schematically exemplifies the machining process that is performed when the machining program PR2 is executed. The machining process is performed by the NC device 70 that executes the control program PR1. As an initial state, the stopper 40 and the cut-off tool TO3 are arranged so as not to interfere with the bar B1.
When the guide bush is not used, the NC unit 70 first moves the tool post 30 to the tool post drive unit 31, thereby advancing the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 where the bar B1 pushed forward from the front spindle 11 hits. (Step S102). For example, the NC device 70 may align the tip 41 of the stopper 40 with the spindle centerline AX1 in the Y-axis direction, and then move the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 in the X-axis direction. Immediately after the process of step S102, the stopper 40 exists at the advance position P1 as shown in FIG. 4 (state ST4) and FIG. When using the guide bush, the process of advancing the stopper 40 is not performed.
 ステップS102の処理後、NC装置70は、正面主軸11の把持をオフにした状態、すなわち、棒材B1を把持部12の把持から解放した状態で正面主軸11に後方から棒材B1を供給し挿入させるように給材機20を駆動させる(ステップS104)。すると、図4の下部(状態ST5)に示すように、正面主軸台10から前方へ出ている棒材B1の先端部B1aがストッパー40に突き当たり、棒材B1が位置決めされる。
 棒材B1の先端部B1aがストッパー40に突き当たるのに十分な時間が経過した後、NC装置70は、正面主軸11の把持をオンにする(ステップS106)。すなわち、NC装置70は、把持部12に棒材B1を把持させる。この状態が図4に示される状態ST5である。この状態ST5で正面主軸11に対する棒材B1の位置が定まっている。
After the process of step S102, the NC unit 70 supplies the bar B1 to the front main spindle 11 from behind in a state in which the gripping of the front main spindle 11 is turned off, that is, in a state in which the bar B1 is released from the grip of the gripper 12. The material feeder 20 is driven to insert (step S104). Then, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 4 (state ST5), the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 protruding forward from the front headstock 10 hits the stopper 40, and the bar B1 is positioned.
After a sufficient time has elapsed for the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 to hit the stopper 40, the NC device 70 turns on the gripping of the front spindle 11 (step S106). That is, the NC device 70 causes the gripping portion 12 to grip the bar B1. This state is state ST5 shown in FIG. The position of the bar B1 with respect to the front spindle 11 is determined in this state ST5.
 棒材B1の把持後、ガイドブッシュ不使用時において、NC装置70は、刃物台駆動部31に刃物台30を移動させることにより、ストッパー40を進出位置P1から退避させる(ステップS108)。例えば、NC装置70は、X軸方向においてストッパー40を進出位置P1から棒材B1と干渉しない位置まで移動させてもよい。ガイドブッシュ使用時、ストッパー40を退避させる処理は行われない。
 ステップS108の処理後、NC装置70は、棒材B1の正面加工が行われるように、刃物台駆動部31に刃物台30を移動させ、必要に応じて正面主軸台駆動部13に正面主軸台10を移動させる(ステップS110)。
After gripping the bar B1, when the guide bush is not used, the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30, thereby retracting the stopper 40 from the advanced position P1 (step S108). For example, the NC device 70 may move the stopper 40 from the advance position P1 to a position where it does not interfere with the bar B1 in the X-axis direction. When using the guide bush, the process of retracting the stopper 40 is not performed.
After the process of step S108, the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30 so that the bar B1 is front-machined, and if necessary, the front headstock drive unit 13 moves the front headstock. 10 is moved (step S110).
 棒材B1の正面加工後、NC装置70は、背面主軸台駆動部18に背面主軸台15を移動させ、正面主軸台10から前方へ出ている棒材B1の先端部B1aを背面主軸16の把持部17に把持させる(ステップS112)。この状態が図3に示される状態ST1である。
 棒材B1の先端部B1aが背面主軸16で把持された後、NC装置70は、正面主軸11及び背面主軸16を同じ回転速度で回転させ、棒材B1の先端部B1aを含むワークW1が突っ切りバイトTO3で棒材B1から切り離されるように、刃物台駆動部31に刃物台30を移動させる(ステップS114)。ステップS114において、突っ切りバイトTO3は、棒材B1を突っ切るように、すなわち、ワークW1を棒材B1から切り離すように、動作する。突っ切りバイトTO3によりワークW1を切り離す動作が完了した状態が図3に示される状態ST2である。刃物台30に対して突っ切りバイトTO3とは異なる位置に取り付けられているストッパー40は、進出位置P1から退避している状態である。
After the front face machining of the bar B1, the NC unit 70 causes the back headstock driving section 18 to move the back headstock 15 so that the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 projecting forward from the front headstock 10 is moved to the back spindle 16. It is caused to be gripped by the gripping portion 17 (step S112). This state is state ST1 shown in FIG.
After the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 is gripped by the back main shaft 16, the NC device 70 rotates the front main shaft 11 and the back main shaft 16 at the same rotational speed, and the workpiece W1 including the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 is cut off. The tool post drive unit 31 moves the tool post 30 so that it is cut off from the bar B1 by the tool TO3 (step S114). In step S114, the cut-off tool TO3 cuts through the bar B1, that is, cuts off the workpiece W1 from the bar B1. The state ST2 shown in FIG. 3 is a state in which the work W1 has been cut off by the cut-off tool TO3. The stopper 40 attached to the tool post 30 at a position different from the cut-off tool TO3 is retracted from the advanced position P1.
 突っ切りバイトTO3によりワークW1を切り離す動作が完了すると、NC装置70は、刃物台駆動部31に刃物台30を移動させることにより、正面主軸11に把持されている棒材B1と背面主軸16に把持されているワークW1との間となる目標位置P3にストッパー40を移動させる制御を行う(ステップS116)。例えば、NC装置70は、X軸方向において突っ切りバイトTO3を棒材B1から遠ざけ、Y軸方向においてストッパー40の先端41の位置を主軸中心線AX1の位置に合わせ(図9に示す状態ST6)、その後、X軸方向においてストッパー40を進出位置P1まで移動させてもよい。図9は、突っ切り完了時にストッパー40が棒材B1とワークW1との間の目標位置P3に進出する様子を模式的に例示している。状態ST6において、ストッパー40は、進出位置P1から退避した退避位置P2に位置している。目標位置P3は、棒材B1とワークW1との間にストッパー40が入る位置であればよく、図9に示すようにストッパー40の先端41が主軸中心線AX1に合わせられる位置でもよく、図4,5に示す進出位置P1と同じ位置でもよい。 When the cut-off tool TO3 completes the operation of separating the workpiece W1, the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30, thereby gripping the bar B1 gripped by the front spindle 11 and the back spindle 16. Control is performed to move the stopper 40 to the target position P3 between the workpiece W1 and the workpiece W1 (step S116). For example, the NC device 70 moves the cut-off tool TO3 away from the bar B1 in the X-axis direction, aligns the tip 41 of the stopper 40 in the Y-axis direction with the position of the spindle center line AX1 (state ST6 shown in FIG. 9), After that, the stopper 40 may be moved to the advanced position P1 in the X-axis direction. FIG. 9 schematically illustrates how the stopper 40 advances to the target position P3 between the bar B1 and the work W1 when the cut-off is completed. In state ST6, the stopper 40 is located at the retracted position P2 retracted from the advanced position P1. The target position P3 may be a position where the stopper 40 enters between the bar B1 and the work W1, and may be a position where the tip 41 of the stopper 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1 as shown in FIG. , 5 may be the same as the advanced position P1.
 図9に示すようにワークW1が棒材B1から切り離された場合、ストッパー40は棒材B1に突き当たらず、ストッパー40が目標位置P3に到達した状態ST7となる。突っ切りバイトTO3が破損していると、ワークW1が棒材B1から正常に切り離されない。図10は、突っ切りバイト破損時にストッパー40が棒材B1に突き当たる様子を模式的に例示している。図11は、ガイドブッシュ使用時にストッパー40が棒材B1に突き当たった状態の刃物台30を模式的に例示している。図10の上部は、突っ切り動作完了後に背面主軸16に把持されているワークW1が棒材B1に繋がっている状態ST8を示している。この状態ST8において、ストッパー40が目標位置P3に向かって移動すると、ストッパー40が棒材B1に突き当たる(状態ST9)。すると、刃物台駆動部31が発生させるトルク、すなわち、ストッパー40が取り付けられている刃物台30に刃物台駆動部31から加えられるトルクが過大となる。図11に示すガイドブッシュ使用時も、同じことがいえる。そこで、刃物台駆動部31が発生させるトルクを表すトルク値をTR1として、ストッパー40が棒材B1に突き当たったことを検出するための基準トルクを表す基準トルク値TR2よりもトルク値TR1が大きくなると、突っ切りバイトTO3が破損していると判断することができる。 When the workpiece W1 is separated from the bar B1 as shown in FIG. 9, the stopper 40 does not hit the bar B1 and enters a state ST7 in which the stopper 40 reaches the target position P3. If the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged, the workpiece W1 cannot be separated normally from the bar B1. FIG. 10 schematically illustrates how the stopper 40 abuts against the bar B1 when the cut-off tool breaks. FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the tool post 30 in a state where the stopper 40 hits the bar B1 when the guide bush is used. The upper part of FIG. 10 shows a state ST8 in which the workpiece W1 gripped by the back spindle 16 is connected to the bar B1 after the cut-off operation is completed. In this state ST8, when the stopper 40 moves toward the target position P3, the stopper 40 hits the bar B1 (state ST9). Then, the torque generated by the tool post drive unit 31, that is, the torque applied from the tool post drive unit 31 to the tool post 30 to which the stopper 40 is attached becomes excessive. The same is true when using the guide bush shown in FIG. Therefore, when the torque value TR1 representing the torque generated by the tool rest drive unit 31 is set to be greater than the reference torque value TR2 representing the reference torque for detecting that the stopper 40 has hit the bar B1, the torque value TR1 becomes larger. , it can be determined that the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged.
 ストッパー40を進出位置P1まで進出させる制御を開始した後、NC装置70は、X軸用のサーボアンプ32が発生させるトルクを表すトルク値TR1をサーボアンプ32から取得し、ストッパー40が目標位置P3に到達するまでにトルク値TR1が基準トルク値TR2を超えるか否かに応じて処理を分岐させる(ステップS118)。ステップS118の処理は、刃物台駆動部31が発生させるトルクがストッパー40の棒材B1への突き当たりを検出するための基準トルクを超えるか否かを判断する処理といえる。ストッパー40の進出時、サーボアンプ32はトルク値TR1を含むトルク指令をサーボモーター34に出力し、サーボモーター34はトルク指令に従って刃物台30を移動させている。サーボアンプ32は、NC装置70からトルク値の出力指令を受け取ると、トルク指令に含まれるトルク値TR1をNC装置70に出力する。これにより、NC装置70は、サーボアンプ32からトルク値TR1を取得することができる。 After starting control to advance the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1, the NC device 70 acquires a torque value TR1 representing the torque generated by the X-axis servo amplifier 32 from the servo amplifier 32, and the stopper 40 reaches the target position P3. The process branches depending on whether or not the torque value TR1 exceeds the reference torque value TR2 before reaching (step S118). The process of step S118 can be said to be the process of determining whether or not the torque generated by the tool post drive unit 31 exceeds the reference torque for detecting the collision of the stopper 40 with the bar B1. When the stopper 40 advances, the servo amplifier 32 outputs a torque command including the torque value TR1 to the servo motor 34, and the servo motor 34 moves the tool post 30 according to the torque command. Upon receiving the torque value output command from the NC device 70 , the servo amplifier 32 outputs the torque value TR<b>1 included in the torque command to the NC device 70 . Thereby, the NC device 70 can acquire the torque value TR1 from the servo amplifier 32 .
 図9に示すようにワークW1が棒材B1から切り離された場合、ストッパー40が目標位置P3に到達するまでトルク値TR1は基準トルク値TR2を超えない。この場合、NC装置70は、ワークW1の背面加工を開始させる(ステップS120)。背面加工時、NC装置70は、背面加工が行われるように、刃物台駆動部31に刃物台30を移動させ、必要に応じて背面主軸台駆動部18に背面主軸台15を移動させる。尚、ストッパー40が取り付けられている刃物台30の他に旋盤1が背面加工用の刃物台を備えている場合、NC装置70は背面加工用の刃物台を移動させることにより背面加工を行う制御を行ってもよい。この場合、NC装置70は、ストッパー40を目標位置P3に残しておいてもよく、進出位置P1が目標位置P3とは異なる場合にはストッパー40を目標位置P3から進出位置P1に移動させてもよい。これにより、ワークW1の背面加工を行いながら次のワークW1となる棒材B1の正面加工を行うことが可能となる。 When the workpiece W1 is separated from the bar B1 as shown in FIG. 9, the torque value TR1 does not exceed the reference torque value TR2 until the stopper 40 reaches the target position P3. In this case, the NC device 70 starts back machining of the work W1 (step S120). When machining the back surface, the NC unit 70 causes the tool post drive unit 31 to move the tool post 30, and if necessary, causes the back headstock drive unit 18 to move the back headstock 15 so that the back surface machining is performed. If the lathe 1 has a tool post for machining the back surface in addition to the tool post 30 to which the stopper 40 is attached, the NC unit 70 controls the machining of the back surface by moving the tool post for machining the back surface. may be performed. In this case, the NC device 70 may leave the stopper 40 at the target position P3, or may move the stopper 40 from the target position P3 to the advanced position P1 if the advanced position P1 is different from the target position P3. good. As a result, it is possible to perform front machining of the bar B1 that will become the next workpiece W1 while performing back machining of the workpiece W1.
 ステップS120の処理後、NC装置70は、棒材B1の連続加工を終了するか否かに応じて処理を分岐させる(ステップS122)。突っ切りバイトTO3が破損していない場合、ステップS102~S122の処理が1加工サイクル分の処理となる。連続加工を終了する場合、NC装置70は、加工処理を終了させる。次の加工サイクルの処理を行う場合、NC装置70は、処理をステップS102に戻す。これにより、ガイドブッシュ不使用時、ステップS102において正面主軸11から前方へ押し出される棒材B1が突き当たる進出位置P1にストッパー40が進出する。以後、正面主軸11の把持がオフにされて正面主軸台10が後方へ移動し(図4に示す状態ST4)、正面主軸11から前方へ押し出された棒材B1がストッパー40に突き当たって正面主軸11の把持がオンにされ(図4に示す状態ST5)、ガイドブッシュ不使用時にストッパー40が進出位置P1から退避する。その後、正面加工が行われ、棒材B1の先端部B1aが背面主軸16に把持され(図3に示す状態ST1)、突っ切り動作が行われ、ストッパー40が目標位置P3に向けて移動する。 After the process of step S120, the NC unit 70 branches the process depending on whether or not the continuous machining of the bar material B1 is finished (step S122). If the cut-off tool TO3 is not damaged, the processing of steps S102 to S122 is the processing for one machining cycle. When ending the continuous machining, the NC device 70 ends the machining process. When performing processing for the next machining cycle, the NC device 70 returns the processing to step S102. As a result, when the guide bush is not used, the stopper 40 advances to the advance position P1 where the bar B1 pushed forward from the front main shaft 11 hits in step S102. Thereafter, the gripping of the front main spindle 11 is turned off and the front headstock 10 moves rearward (state ST4 shown in FIG. 4), and the bar B1 pushed forward from the front main spindle 11 collides with the stopper 40 to move the front main spindle. 11 is turned on (state ST5 shown in FIG. 4), and the stopper 40 is retracted from the advanced position P1 when the guide bush is not used. After that, front machining is performed, the front end portion B1a of the bar B1 is gripped by the back spindle 16 (state ST1 shown in FIG. 3), a cut-off operation is performed, and the stopper 40 moves toward the target position P3.
 図10に示すようにワークW1が棒材B1から切り離されなかった場合、ストッパー40は棒材B1に突き当たった状態ST9となり、トルク値TR1が基準トルク値TR2を超える。この場合、NC装置70は、突っ切りバイトTO3の破損を示すアラームを出力し、加工処理を停止させる(ステップS124)。ステップS124の処理は、突っ切りバイトTO3が破損した場合の処理の例である。アラームを出力する処理は、アラームを表示部82に表示させる処理、アラーム音を不図示のスピーカーから出力させる処理、NC装置70に接続されているコンピューターにアラームを出力する処理、等とすることができる。この場合、オペレーターは、破損した突っ切りバイトを破損していない突っ切りバイトに交換することにより、棒材B1の連続加工を再開させることができる。 As shown in FIG. 10, when the workpiece W1 is not separated from the bar B1, the stopper 40 hits the bar B1 and enters a state ST9, and the torque value TR1 exceeds the reference torque value TR2. In this case, the NC unit 70 outputs an alarm indicating breakage of the cut-off tool TO3, and stops the processing (step S124). The processing of step S124 is an example of processing when the cut-off tool TO3 is damaged. The process of outputting an alarm may be a process of displaying the alarm on the display unit 82, a process of outputting the alarm sound from a speaker (not shown), a process of outputting the alarm to a computer connected to the NC unit 70, and the like. can. In this case, the operator can resume continuous machining of the bar B1 by replacing the damaged cut-off bit with an undamaged cut-off bit.
 以上説明したように、給材機20により正面主軸11から押し出される棒材B1を位置決めするストッパー40と該ストッパー40を移動させる刃物台駆動部31とで突っ切りバイトTO3の破損を検出することができる。これにより、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出するために特別な部品や機能を追加する必要が無い。従って、本具体例は、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせることができ、専用の突っ切りバイト破損検出装置を配置するスペースが不要となり、専用の突っ切りバイト破損検出装置のためのコストも不要となる。 As described above, breakage of the cut-off tool TO3 can be detected by the stopper 40 that positions the bar B1 pushed out from the front main spindle 11 by the material feeder 20 and the tool rest drive unit 31 that moves the stopper 40. . This eliminates the need to add special parts or functions to detect breakage of the cut-off tool. Therefore, in this specific example, it is possible to eliminate the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool, thus eliminating the need for a space for arranging the dedicated break-off tool breakage detection device. No cost is required.
(4)変形例:
 本発明は、種々の変形例が考えられる。
 例えば、ストッパー40が進出位置P1に到達する時の移動方向は、X軸方向に限定されず、Y軸方向等、Z軸方向と交差する様々な方向にすることができる。
 ストッパー40が目標位置P3に到達する時の移動方向も、X軸方向に限定されず、Y軸方向等、Z軸方向と交差する様々な方向にすることができる。
 上述した処理は、順序を変える等、適宜、変更可能である。例えば、S102におけるストッパー40を進出位置P1まで進出させる処理は、Z軸方向において棒材B1の先端部B1aが到達する前であればS104の棒材供給処理が開始された後でもよい。
(4) Modification:
Various modifications of the present invention are conceivable.
For example, the movement direction when the stopper 40 reaches the advanced position P1 is not limited to the X-axis direction, and can be various directions such as the Y-axis direction that intersect the Z-axis direction.
The moving direction when the stopper 40 reaches the target position P3 is not limited to the X-axis direction, and can be various directions such as the Y-axis direction that intersect the Z-axis direction.
The above-described processing can be changed as appropriate, such as by changing the order. For example, the process of advancing the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 in S102 may be performed after the bar supply process of S104 is started as long as it is before the tip portion B1a of the bar B1 reaches in the Z-axis direction.
 図12に例示するように、ストッパー40が取り付けられた刃物台は、突っ切りバイトTO3が取り付けられた刃物台30Aとは異なっていてもよい。図12に示す刃物台30は、突っ切りバイトTO3を含む複数のバイトTO2が奥方向D86へ突出した状態で取り付けられている刃物台30A、及び、複数の工具TO1が手前方向D85へ突出した状態で取り付けられている刃物台30Bを含んでいる。ストッパー40は、突っ切りバイトTO3が取り付けられていない刃物台30Bに取り付けられている。刃物台30Aは、刃物台駆動部31AによりX軸方向及びY軸方向へ移動可能である。刃物台30Bは、刃物台駆動部31BによりX軸方向及びY軸方向へ移動可能である。刃物台30A,30Bは、少なくともX軸方向において互いに独立して移動可能である。 As illustrated in FIG. 12, the tool post to which the stopper 40 is attached may be different from the tool post 30A to which the cut-off tool TO3 is attached. The tool post 30 shown in FIG. 12 includes a tool post 30A attached with a plurality of tools TO2 including a cut-off tool TO3 protruding in the depth direction D86, and a tool post 30A with a plurality of tools TO1 protruding in the front direction D85. Includes attached tool post 30B. The stopper 40 is attached to the tool post 30B to which the cut-off tool TO3 is not attached. The tool post 30A can be moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by a tool post drive unit 31A. The tool post 30B can be moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by a tool post drive unit 31B. The tool rests 30A and 30B are movable independently of each other at least in the X-axis direction.
 NC装置70は、ストッパー40で棒材B1を位置決めする時、刃物台30Bを移動させることによりストッパー40を進出位置P1(図4参照)に進出させる制御を行えばよい。NC装置70は、突っ切りバイトTO3で棒材B1を突っ切る時、刃物台30Aを移動させる制御を行えばよい。NC装置70は、ストッパー40で突っ切りバイトTO3の破損を検出する時、刃物台30Bを移動させることによりストッパー40を目標位置P3(図9参照)に進出させる制御を行えばよい。
 図12に示す例も、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせることができ、専用の突っ切りバイト破損検出装置を配置するスペースが不要となり、専用の突っ切りバイト破損検出装置のためのコストも不要となる。
When the bar B1 is positioned by the stopper 40, the NC device 70 may move the tool post 30B to advance the stopper 40 to the advanced position P1 (see FIG. 4). The NC device 70 may control the movement of the tool post 30A when cutting the bar B1 with the cut-off tool TO3. When the stopper 40 detects breakage of the cut-off tool TO3, the NC unit 70 may move the tool post 30B to advance the stopper 40 to the target position P3 (see FIG. 9).
The example shown in FIG. 12 also eliminates the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of the cut-off tool and eliminates the need for a space for arranging a dedicated break-off tool breakage detection device. No cost is required.
(5)結び:
 以上説明したように、本発明によると、種々の態様により、突っ切りバイトの破損を検出する専用の装置を不要にさせることが可能な旋盤等の技術を提供することができる。むろん、独立請求項に係る構成要件のみからなる技術でも、上述した基本的な作用、効果が得られる。
 また、上述した例の中で開示した各構成を相互に置換したり組み合わせを変更したりした構成、公知技術及び上述した例の中で開示した各構成を相互に置換したり組み合わせを変更したりした構成、等も実施可能である。本発明は、これらの構成等も含まれる。
(5) Knot:
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lathe or the like that can eliminate the need for a dedicated device for detecting breakage of a cut-off tool. Of course, the above-described basic actions and effects can be obtained even with a technique consisting only of the constituent elements of the independent claims.
In addition, a configuration in which each configuration disclosed in the above examples is replaced with each other or the combination thereof is changed, and each configuration disclosed in the known technology and the above example is replaced with each other or the combination thereof is changed. , etc. can also be implemented. The present invention also includes these configurations and the like.
1…旋盤、10…正面主軸台、11…正面主軸(主軸の例)、
12…把持部、13…正面主軸台駆動部、14…ガイドブッシュ、
15…背面主軸台、16…背面主軸(対向主軸の例)、17…把持部、
18…背面主軸台駆動部、20…給材機、25…支持台、26…取付穴、
30…刃物台、31…刃物台駆動部(駆動部の例)、40…ストッパー、
41…先端、70…NC装置(制御部の例)、AX1…主軸中心線、
B1…棒材、B1a…先端部、P1…進出位置、P2…退避位置、
P3…目標位置、TO1…工具、
TO2…バイトTO3…突っ切りバイト、TO3a…先端、
TR1…トルク値、TR2…基準トルク値、W1…ワーク。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Lathe, 10... Front headstock, 11... Front main spindle (example of main spindle),
12... Gripper, 13... Front headstock drive part, 14... Guide bush,
15... Back headstock, 16... Back spindle (example of opposed spindle), 17... Gripper,
18... Rear headstock driving unit, 20... Material feeder, 25... Support base, 26... Mounting hole,
30... Tool post, 31... Tool post drive unit (example of drive unit), 40... Stopper,
41... tip, 70... NC unit (example of control unit), AX1... spindle center line,
B1... bar, B1a... tip, P1... advanced position, P2... retracted position,
P3...Target position, TO1...Tool,
TO2...Bite TO3...Cut-off tool, TO3a...Tip,
TR1 -- torque value, TR2 -- reference torque value, W1 -- work.

Claims (2)

  1.  給材機により供給された棒材を加工する旋盤であって、
     後方から挿入された前記棒材を解放可能に把持する主軸と、
     前記主軸から前方へ出ている前記棒材の先端部を解放可能に把持する対向主軸と、
     該対向主軸に把持されている前記棒材の先端部を含むワークを前記棒材から切り離す突っ切りバイトが取り付けられた刃物台と、
     前記棒材を解放した前記主軸から前記給材機により前方へ押し出される前記棒材が突き当たる進出位置において前記棒材を位置決めし、前記進出位置から退避可能なストッパーと、
     前記ストッパーを移動させる駆動部と、
     前記ストッパーが前記進出位置から退避している状態で前記突っ切りバイトにより前記ワークを切り離す動作が完了すると、前記駆動部に前記ストッパーを前記主軸に把持されている前記棒材と前記対向主軸に把持されている前記ワークとの間となる位置に移動させる制御を行い、前記駆動部が発生させるトルクが前記ストッパーの前記棒材への突き当たりを検出するための基準トルクを超えると前記突っ切りバイトが破損した場合の処理を行う制御部と、を備える旋盤。
    A lathe for processing a bar material supplied by a material feeder,
    a main shaft that releasably grips the bar inserted from the rear;
    an opposing spindle releasably gripping the tip of the bar projecting forward from the spindle;
    a tool post attached with a cut-off bit for cutting off a workpiece including a tip portion of the bar gripped by the opposed spindle from the bar;
    a stopper that positions the bar at an advanced position where the bar pushed forward by the material feeder from the main shaft that releases the bar hits and can be retracted from the advanced position;
    a drive unit for moving the stopper;
    When the cut-off tool completes the operation of cutting off the workpiece while the stopper is retracted from the advanced position, the drive unit grips the stopper by the rod material gripped by the main shaft and the opposing main shaft. When the torque generated by the driving unit exceeds the reference torque for detecting the collision of the stopper with the bar, the cut-off tool is damaged. A lathe comprising: a controller for performing case processing.
  2.  前記ストッパーは、工具が取り付けられた刃物台に取り付けられ、
     前記駆動部は、前記刃物台を移動させることにより前記ストッパーを移動させる、請求項1に記載の旋盤。
    The stopper is attached to a turret on which a tool is attached,
    The lathe according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit moves the stopper by moving the tool post.
PCT/JP2022/019624 2021-05-18 2022-05-09 Lathe WO2022244630A1 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05301148A (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-16 Nakamura Tome Precision Ind Co Ltd Lathe, work confirmation and handling method in lathe
JP2012148352A (en) * 2011-01-17 2012-08-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Phase adjustment device and method for gear grinding machine
JP2020082263A (en) * 2018-11-22 2020-06-04 スター精密株式会社 lathe

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05301148A (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-16 Nakamura Tome Precision Ind Co Ltd Lathe, work confirmation and handling method in lathe
JP2012148352A (en) * 2011-01-17 2012-08-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Phase adjustment device and method for gear grinding machine
JP2020082263A (en) * 2018-11-22 2020-06-04 スター精密株式会社 lathe

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