WO2022219879A1 - 乗物用内外装品及び乗物用内外装品の製造方法 - Google Patents

乗物用内外装品及び乗物用内外装品の製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022219879A1
WO2022219879A1 PCT/JP2022/003507 JP2022003507W WO2022219879A1 WO 2022219879 A1 WO2022219879 A1 WO 2022219879A1 JP 2022003507 W JP2022003507 W JP 2022003507W WO 2022219879 A1 WO2022219879 A1 WO 2022219879A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound absorbing
layer
base material
thermoplastic synthetic
material layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2022/003507
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雄一郎 稲垣
Original Assignee
株式会社Howa
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社Howa filed Critical 株式会社Howa
Priority to US18/021,088 priority Critical patent/US20230303013A1/en
Priority to CN202280004608.4A priority patent/CN115702093A/zh
Publication of WO2022219879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022219879A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B60R13/0815Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/263Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B32B5/265Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer
    • B32B5/266Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers
    • B32B5/268Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers characterised by at least one non-woven fabric layer that is a melt-blown fabric
    • B32B5/269Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers characterised by at least one non-woven fabric layer that is a melt-blown fabric characterised by at least one non-woven fabric layer that is a melt-blown fabric next to a non-woven fabric layer that is a spunbonded fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218Glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282Addition polymers
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    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/558Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in combination with mechanical or physical treatments other than embossing
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/559Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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    • B32B2605/00Vehicles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a vehicle interior/exterior product and a method for manufacturing the vehicle interior/exterior product.
  • interior and exterior parts for vehicles are made using injection molded products, polyester fiber materials, glass fiber base materials, etc.
  • sound absorbing material is placed on the back side of the interior and exterior parts. It may be installed.
  • felt made of recycled wool or polyester fiber, felt made mainly of polypropylene melt-blown fiber, or the like is used for the sound absorbing material.
  • spot welding or the like using ultrasonic waves is used to attach the sound absorbing material.
  • Japanese Patent No. 6444569 discloses a sound absorbing material for automobiles, which is obtained by laminating a needle-punched nonwoven fabric containing polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene and a meltblown nonwoven fabric containing polypropylene.
  • the sound absorbing materials used for vehicle interior and exterior parts are laminated with a thin non-woven fabric from the viewpoint of protection against water, sand, wind pressure, etc.
  • a pretreatment step of crushing the cut ends of the sound absorbing material in advance is required.
  • spot welding is performed in order to adhere (weld) a sound absorbing material to the main body of the molded interior and exterior parts as a post-processing.
  • the sound absorbing material may peel off from the interior and exterior parts at this welded portion.
  • a vehicle interior/exterior component has a base material layer and a sound absorbing layer.
  • the base material layer is a planar fiber molding containing a thermoplastic synthetic resin.
  • the sound absorbing layer is composed of a tangled planar fiber web containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers and a cover layer, which is a planar non-woven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers on at least one side of the fiber web, laminated together. .
  • the sound absorbing layer is formed by laminating the fiber web on one surface of the base material layer.
  • the sound absorbing layer has an adhesive portion, a sound absorbing portion, and a crimp portion.
  • the adhesive part is solidified in a state in which the thermoplastic synthetic fiber of the surface in contact with the base material layer and the thermoplastic synthetic resin of the base material layer are thermally bonded.
  • the sound absorbing portion maintains a fibrous web state in which the thermoplastic synthetic fibers are entangled without being melted at a position separated from the base material layer by the bonding portion.
  • the base material layer, the fiber web, and the cover layer are thermocompression bonded in a state of being compressed in the thickness direction.
  • the surfaces of the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer are adhered to each other at predetermined locations.
  • the contact surfaces of the base layer and the sound absorbing layer are bonded over a wide range.
  • the laminated base material layer and the sound absorbing layer are integrally formed, and the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer are firmly bonded by having the bonding portion and the pressure bonding portion. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sound absorbing layer from fluffing, fraying, and peeling from the vehicle interior and exterior parts.
  • the crimping portion of the interior and exterior parts for a vehicle is provided at a plurality of places in a dotted or linear manner on a plane of the laminated base material layer and the sound absorbing layer.
  • the thickness of the base layer and the sound absorbing layer can be increased by reducing the degree of compression of the sound absorbing portion.
  • the adhesive strength of the adhesive portion of the sound absorbing portion is reduced, but the reduction in sound absorption coefficient can be suppressed.
  • the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer are suitably compressed and thermo-compressed to secure the bonding strength.
  • the crimping portion of the interior and exterior parts for a vehicle is provided at a plurality of points or linearly along the periphery of the sound absorbing layer, or over the entire circumference.
  • the sound absorbing layer is more firmly thermocompressed with the base material layer at the periphery, it is possible to prevent the fibers from falling from the ends of the sound absorbing layer. In addition, it is possible to prevent fraying and peeling at the ends of the sound absorbing layer and to strengthen product protection against dust, sand, water, and the like.
  • a method for manufacturing an interior and exterior part for a vehicle includes a heating step of heating a substrate layer, which is a planar fiber molding containing a thermoplastic synthetic resin, and a thermoplastic synthetic fiber.
  • a substrate layer which is a planar fiber molding containing a thermoplastic synthetic resin, and a thermoplastic synthetic fiber.
  • An unheated sound absorbing layer in which an entangled planar fiber web and a cover layer that is a planar nonwoven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers on at least one surface of the fiber web are laminated, is placed on the heated substrate.
  • a press-bonding step of press-bonding the sound absorbing layer to the base material layer by forming a press-bonding portion, and the adhering step and the press-bonding step can be performed together with the molding step.
  • the preheated base layer containing the thermoplastic synthetic resin and the sound absorbing layer containing the thermoplastic synthetic fiber are laminated and pressed from both sides by the molding die.
  • the thermoplastic synthetic resin contained in the base layer and the thermoplastic synthetic fiber contained in the sound absorbing layer are thermally bonded by the heat of the base layer, so that the contact surfaces of the base layer and the sound absorbing layer are bonded over a wide range.
  • the substrate layer and the sound absorbing layer are sandwiched between a pair of molding dies to form a predetermined shape.
  • the process of bonding the sound absorbing layer to the base material layer and the crushing process of the sound absorbing layer can be performed at once in the process of molding the vehicle interior and exterior parts, and the sound absorbing material can be peeled off. Difficult vehicle interior and exterior parts can be molded.
  • one mold of the pair of molds has a concave portion and a convex portion.
  • the gap between the upper mold and the lower mold that face each other is larger than the thickness dimension of the base material layer in the concave part and smaller than the thickness dimension of the base layer in the convex part.
  • a sound-absorbing portion is formed in the concave portion in which the thermoplastic synthetic fibers are not melted and maintains an entangled fiber web state, and the pressure-bonding portion is formed in the convex portion.
  • the thickness of the sound-absorbing portion is restored to the thickness of the pressure-bonding portion due to the repulsive force of the fibers contained in the fiber web.
  • the sound absorbing layer is compressed together with the base material layer at the points where it contacts the convex portions. Therefore, part of the thermoplastic synthetic fibers contained in the sound absorbing layer is melted by the heat of the base material layer, and the crimped portion is formed.
  • the compression of the sound absorbing layer is relatively small where the sound absorbing layer is in contact with the concave portion, and the heat of the base material layer is less likely to be transmitted. Therefore, a sound absorbing portion is formed in which the thermoplastic synthetic fibers contained in the sound absorbing layer are not melted and the entangled fiber web state is maintained. As a result, after the pair of molding dies are opened, the thickness of the sound absorbing portion is restored by the repulsive force of the fibers contained in the fiber web, and the necessary thickness of the sound absorbing material can be maintained even after molding.
  • the crimping portion is further welded by another heat source.
  • the pressure-bonded portion of the vehicle interior and exterior part is further heated and welded, so that the adhesive bond between the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer can be made stronger.
  • the sound absorbing material molded in a state in which the main body of the interior and exterior product and the sound absorbing material are integrated without performing pretreatment of the sound absorbing material and post-processing after molding the interior and exterior parts is peeled off. It is possible to provide a difficult vehicle interior and exterior part and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer are placed between the upper mold and the lower mold of the mold in the manufacturing process according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer are pressed and molded by a molding die in the manufacturing process according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the state of the base material layer and the sound absorbing layer after the mold is opened in the manufacturing process according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a lamination state of a base material layer and a sound absorbing layer in sound absorption coefficient measurement of vehicle interior and exterior parts according to Example 1 and Comparative Example. It is a figure which shows the sound absorption performance of the interior/exterior parts for vehicles which concern on embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 As an interior/exterior vehicle part and a method for manufacturing the vehicle interior/exterior part of the present embodiment, an undercover, which is a vehicle exterior material, will be described as an example of the vehicle interior/exterior part.
  • An undercover 10 vehicle exterior material according to this embodiment has a laminated base material layer 11 and a sound absorbing layer 15 .
  • the base material layer 11 is a porous fibrous body containing a thermoplastic synthetic resin 12, and is a planar fibrous molded body cold-molded after being heated.
  • the base layer 11 may contain a fiber reinforcement.
  • the base material layer 11 can be manufactured by a known manufacturing method such as a dry method using needle punching or a wet papermaking method.
  • the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12 may be selected from olefins such as polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamides.
  • Fiber reinforcing materials can be appropriately selected from natural fibers such as kenaf (hemp) and bamboo, in addition to glass fiber, basalt fiber, and carbon fiber.
  • LWRT Low Weight Reinforced Thermoplastics
  • polypropylene fiber which is a thermoplastic synthetic resin 12
  • binder fiber and glass fiber as the fiber reinforcing material.
  • Examples of the base material layer 11 that does not contain a fiber reinforcing material include a needle-punched nonwoven base material (molded nonwoven fabric) using polyethylene terephthalate fibers and binder fibers such as low melting point polyester fibers.
  • These substrates can have a multi-layer structure in which non-woven fabrics, films, or the like are attached separately, depending on the necessity of design and durability.
  • the sound absorbing layer 15 has a tangled planar fiber web 16 containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 and a cover layer 17 that is a planar nonwoven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 .
  • the sound absorbing layer 15 has a structure in which a fiber web 16 is laminated on one surface of the base material layer 11 and a cover layer 17 is further laminated thereon.
  • the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 in the fiber web 16 and the cover layer 17 can be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polystyrene fibers, polyester fibers, etc., and mixtures thereof.
  • the fiber web 16 include laminated felt such as polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers, needle-punched mats, meltblown fibers, and mixtures thereof. Products such as Thinsulate (registered trademark) may also be used.
  • Polypropylene fibers are preferable because they are hydrophobic, so that water does not easily penetrate between the fibers, and sound absorbing properties can be maintained during use.
  • the density and thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 may vary depending on the parts arranged on the vehicle. When a nonwoven fabric having a high density and a large thickness is used for the sound absorbing layer 15, the sound absorbing layer 15 exhibits better sound absorbing performance. Further, the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 used for the fiber web 16 can be appropriately selected with respect to fiber diameter and fiber length.
  • the cover layer 17 is a planar nonwoven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 and is laminated on the side of the fiber web 16 that is not in contact with the base layer 11 .
  • the cover layer 17 protects the fiber web 16 of the sound absorbing layer 15 .
  • the cover layer 17 is exemplified by a polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric. Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene are excellent in chemical stability. Therefore, the vehicle exterior material 10 in which the fiber web 16 of the sound absorbing layer 15 is protected by the cover layer 17 has high durability against exposure to the atmosphere outside the vehicle, exhaust gas, salt, corrosive gas, and the like.
  • the ventilation control nonwoven fabric for the cover layer 17 it is possible to improve the sound absorbing performance with respect to incident sound from the sound absorbing layer 15 side.
  • the cover layer 17 may be laminated on one side of the fiber web 16, or may be laminated on both sides. Since the cover layer 17 is laminated on both sides of the fiber web 16, either side may be in contact with the base material layer 11. Therefore, the cover layer 17 can be used for the vehicle exterior material 10 having a left-right inverted shape. be able to.
  • the sound absorbing layer 15 has an adhesive portion 21 on the surface in contact with the base material layer 11 .
  • the bonding portion 21 is solidified in a state in which the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12 contained in the base material layer 11 and the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 contained in the fiber web 16 are thermally bonded.
  • the bonding portion 21 may be configured such that the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are thermally bonded over the entire contact surface.
  • the sound absorbing layer 15 has a sound absorbing portion 22 and a crimping portion 23 .
  • the sound absorbing portion 22 maintains a fibrous web state in which the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 are entangled without being melted at a position separated from the base material layer 11 by the bonding portion 21 .
  • the base layer 11, the fiber web 16, and the cover layer 17 are thermally crimped while being compressed in the thickness direction.
  • the fiber web 16 of the sound absorbing layer 15 and the cover layer 17 are thermally melted, solidified in a crushed state, and thermally bonded together with the base material layer 11 . Therefore, the thickness of the crimping portion 23 is thinner than the thickness of the base material layer 11 in the sound absorbing portion 22 .
  • the crimping portion 23 may be welded by another heat source such as ultrasonic welding. As a result, the vehicle exterior material 10 that is more firmly crimped at the crimping portion 23 can be molded.
  • a plurality of crimping portions 23 are provided in a dotted or linear manner on the plane of the laminated base material layer 11 and sound absorbing layer 15 . Furthermore, the crimping portion 23 is provided along the entire periphery of the sound absorbing layer 15 . Therefore, it is possible to suppress fraying and peeling at the ends of the sound absorbing layer 15, and to suppress invasion of dust, sand, water, and the like.
  • a plurality of crimping portions 23 may be provided along the periphery of the sound absorbing layer 15 in a dotted or linear manner. Also, the crimping portion 23 may be provided at a plurality of locations in the form of fine protrusions. The crimping portion 23 can be provided at an arbitrary location depending on the shape of the product.
  • a method for manufacturing a vehicle exterior material includes a heating process, an adhesion process, a molding process, and a pressure bonding process.
  • a pair of molds 31 and 32 used for molding the vehicle exterior material 10 in this embodiment includes an upper mold 31 and a lower mold 32 .
  • a concave portion 33 and a convex portion 34 are provided in the lower mold 32 .
  • the gap La between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 facing each other when the pair of molds 31 and 32 are closed is larger than the thickness dimension of the base layer 11, and the convex portion 34 is formed between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold.
  • the gap Lb between the molds 32 is configured to be smaller than the thickness dimension of the base material layer 11 (see FIG. 3).
  • the gaps La and Lb between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 of the molding die are set so that an appropriate molding pressure is applied according to the materials and basis weights of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 .
  • the gap La in the concave portion 33 is too small, the sound absorbing layer 15 is excessively compressed and the sound absorption performance deteriorates, and if the gap La is large, the molding pressure on the base material layer 11 is reduced. . Therefore, the size of the gap La is set within a range in which an appropriate molding pressure is applied while maintaining the required sound absorption performance.
  • the base material layer 11 is heated by a far-infrared heater, an oven, or the like.
  • the non-heated sound absorbing layer 15 in which the fiber web 16 and the cover layer 17 are laminated is set in the lower mold 32 of the mold.
  • the cover layer 17 of the set sound absorbing layer 15 is in contact with the lower mold 32 .
  • the heated base material layer 11 is laminated on the sound absorbing layer 15 between the molds 31 and 32 .
  • the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12 of the substrate layer 11 and the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 of the fiber web 16 are thermally bonded to the surfaces of the substrate layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 that are in contact with each other.
  • the step of thermally bonding the surfaces of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 that are in contact with each other in this way corresponds to the “adhesion step” according to the present disclosure. Since the sound absorbing layer 15 is set in the molds 31 and 32 and the base material layer 11 is laminated, the bonding process can be performed together with the molding process.
  • the laminated base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are sandwiched between molds 31 and 32 from both sides and pressed while being cooled.
  • the vehicle exterior material 10 is formed into a predetermined shape. Since the gap Lb between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 is smaller than the thickness of the base material layer 11 in the convex part 34, the base material layer 11, the fiber web 16 and the cover layer 17 are compressed in the thickness direction. As a result, when the gap Lb is sufficiently small, the heat of the heated base layer 11 is transmitted to the fiber web 16 and the cover layer 17, and part of the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 contained therein are thermally melted.
  • the sound absorbing layer 15 is thermocompression bonded to the base material layer 11 in a crushed state, and the compression bonding portion 23 is formed.
  • the crimping portion 23 may be further subjected to ultrasonic welding. By welding the crimping portion 23 using a separate heat source in this way, the crimping becomes stronger. Welding by another heat source may be, for example, infrared welding, electric heater, hot air welding, or the like.
  • the gap La between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 is larger than the thickness of the base material layer 11 in the concave portion 33, the compression ratio of the sound absorbing layer 15 is relatively small, and the heat of the base material layer 11 absorbs the sound. It becomes difficult to be transmitted to the layer 15 .
  • the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 are not melted, but are maintained in an entangled fiber web state, and the sound absorbing portion 22 is formed.
  • the thickness is restored by the repulsive force of The thickness of the sound absorbing portion 22 becomes thinner than the original thickness.
  • the dimensions of the gaps La and Lb between the upper die 31 and the lower die 32 are arbitrarily set.
  • the gap La in the concave portion 33 of the lower mold 32 is reduced, the restoration of the thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 is reduced, and the thickness of the base material layer 11 is reduced.
  • the gap La in the concave portion 33 is increased, the compression of the sound absorbing layer 15 is reduced and the thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 and the base layer 11 can be increased, but the bonding strength of the bonding portion 21 is weakened. If the gap La in the concave portion 33 is excessively increased, the base material layer 11 cannot be molded into an appropriate shape due to insufficient molding pressure applied to the base material layer 11 .
  • the size of the gap La is set within a range in which an appropriate molding pressure is applied while maintaining the required sound absorption performance.
  • the crimped portion 23 in which the sound absorbing layer 15 and the base material layer 11 are firmly crimped is formed.
  • the step of sandwiching the laminated base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 from both sides with a pair of molds 31 and 32 and applying pressure to mold the vehicle exterior material 10 is the “molding step” according to the present disclosure.
  • Equivalent to The process of compressing the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 in the thickness direction to form the crimped portion 23 corresponds to the "crimping process" according to the present disclosure. Since the crimping process forms the crimped portion 23 with respect to the base layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 sandwiched between the molds 31 and 32, it can be performed together with the molding process. Therefore, the process of heat-bonding the sound absorbing layer 15 to the base material layer 11, the process of crushing the sound-absorbing layer 15 and heat-pressing it to the base material layer 11, and the molding of the vehicle exterior material 10 can be performed at once.
  • a vehicle exterior material 10 in which the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are integrally formed is obtained by the manufacturing process of the vehicle exterior material according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the vehicle exterior material 10 is attached to the vehicle as an undercover in a state in which the vertical direction is reversed.
  • the substrate layer 11 which is a planar fiber molding containing the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12, and the planar fiber containing the thermoplastic synthetic fiber 18
  • a sound absorbing layer 15 having a web 16 and a cover layer 17 is laminated, and these surfaces are thermally bonded to each other at predetermined locations.
  • the thermoplastic synthetic fiber 18 on the surface of the sound absorbing layer 15 in contact with the base layer 11 and the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12 of the base layer 11 are thermally bonded and solidified.
  • the contact surfaces of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are bonded over a wide range.
  • the base material layer 11, the fiber web 16, and the cover layer 17 are formed by thermocompression bonding in a state of being compressed in the thickness direction.
  • a sound absorbing portion 22 is formed in which the fibrous web state in which the fibers 18 are entangled without being melted is maintained.
  • the product in which the laminated base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are integrally molded has the bonding part 21 and the pressure bonding part 23, so that the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are firmly thermally bonded. It is Therefore, fluffing and fraying of the sound absorbing layer 15 and peeling from the vehicle exterior material 10 can be prevented.
  • the crimping portions 23 are provided at a plurality of locations on the plane of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 in a dotted or linear manner.
  • the adhesive strength of the adhesive portion 21 of the product can be maintained.
  • the thickness of the base layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 can be increased by reducing the degree of compression of the sound absorbing portion 22, that is, by increasing the gap La between the concave portions 33 of the molds 31 and 32.
  • the melting of the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 of the sound absorbing layer 15 is reduced, so that the adhesive strength of the adhesive portion 21 of the sound absorbing portion 22 is reduced, but the reduction in sound absorption coefficient can be suppressed.
  • the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are suitably compressed and thermally crimped to ensure the bonding strength.
  • the sound absorbing layer 15 is more firmly thermocompressed with the base layer 11 at the periphery. Therefore, it is possible to prevent fraying and peeling of the ends of the sound absorbing layer 15 and to strengthen product protection against dust, sand, water, and the like. Furthermore, by providing the crimped portion 23 along the entire circumference of the sound absorbing layer 15 , it is possible to prevent the fibers from falling from the end of the sound absorbing layer 15 .
  • the preheated base material layer 11 containing the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12 and the sound absorbing layer 15 containing the thermoplastic synthetic fiber 18 are laminated in the bonding process.
  • pressure is applied from both sides by the molds 31 and 32 . Since the thermoplastic synthetic resin 12 contained in the base material layer 11 and the thermoplastic synthetic fiber 18 contained in the sound absorbing layer 15 are thermally bonded by the heat of the base material layer 11, the surface where the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 contact each other is They are bonded to each other over a wide area.
  • the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 are sandwiched between a pair of molding dies 31 and 32 and cold-molded into a predetermined shape. Furthermore, in the press-bonding process, the base layer 11, the fiber web 16, and the cover layer 17 at predetermined locations of the sound absorbing layer 15 are compressed in the thickness direction. Part of the thermoplastic synthetic fiber 18 contained in the sound absorbing layer 15 is melted and crushed by the heat of the base material layer 11 at the compressed portion, and the crimped portion 23 is formed. By performing these steps together, the process of bonding the sound absorbing layer 15 to the base material layer 11 and the crushing process of the sound absorbing layer 15 can be performed at once in the process of molding the vehicle exterior material 10. It is possible to form the vehicle exterior material 10 in which the layer 15 is difficult to peel off.
  • a lower mold 32 of the mold has a concave portion 33 and a convex portion 34 .
  • the gap La between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 facing each other when the pair of molds 31 and 32 are closed is larger than the thickness dimension of the base layer 11, and in the convex portion 34, the gap Lb is It is smaller than the thickness dimension of the base material layer 11 .
  • thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 contained in the sound absorbing layer 15 is melted by the heat of the base material layer 11, and the crimped portion 23 is formed.
  • the compression of the sound absorbing layer 15 is relatively small where the sound absorbing layer 15 is in contact with the concave portion 33 , and the heat of the base material layer 11 is less likely to be transmitted. Therefore, the sound absorbing portion 22 is formed in which the thermoplastic synthetic fibers 18 contained in the sound absorbing layer 15 are not melted and the entangled fiber web state is maintained.
  • the thickness of the sound absorbing portion 22 is restored by the repulsive force of the fibers contained in the fiber web 16, and the required thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 is maintained even after molding. be able to.
  • the dimensions of the gaps La and Lb between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 are set according to the materials and basis weight of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15.
  • the dimensions of the gaps La and Lb are set according to the materials and basis weight of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15.
  • the crimped portion 23 of the vehicle exterior material 10 is further welded by another heat source such as ultrasonic welding, so that the adhesive bond between the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15 can be made stronger. Therefore, even if there are variations in basis weight, shape, etc. of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of insufficiently crimped portions.
  • the base layer 11 and the sound absorption layer 15 of the vehicle exterior material 10 can be manufactured without performing pretreatment of the sound absorption layer 15 and post-processing after the molding of the exterior material. It is possible to provide a vehicle exterior material 10 in which the sound absorbing layer 15 is hard to peel off, and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Example 1 As the base material layer 11, an undercover material for a vehicle (basis weight: 1400 gsm), which is a multi-layer fiber base material obtained by laminating a needle-punched non-woven fabric to a needle-punched fiber base material of glass fiber and polypropylene fiber, was used.
  • a sound absorbing material (basis weight: 230 gsm, thickness: about 25 mm) mainly composed of melt-blown polypropylene fibers was used.
  • a polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric is laminated as a cover layer 17 on both sides of the sound absorbing layer 15 .
  • Crimping portions 23 are provided at four locations.
  • the gaps La and Lb between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 of the molding die were set to 8 mm at the concave portion 33 and 2 mm at the convex portion 34, respectively.
  • the thickness of the base material layer 11 was approximately 5 mm and the thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 was approximately 15 mm.
  • the thickness of the crimping portion 23 is 2 mm due to compression of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15, and the crimping portion 23 is appropriately crimped.
  • the base material layer 41 the same vehicle undercover material as in Example 1 was used and molded to a thickness of 7 mm.
  • a sound absorbing material (basis weight: 150 gsm, thickness: about 13 mm) mainly composed of polypropylene melt-blown fibers was used (see FIG. 6).
  • a polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric is laminated as the cover layer 17 on both sides of the sound absorbing layer 45 .
  • the sound absorbing layer 45 is only laminated on the base material layer 41, and no crimping portion is provided.
  • the thickness of the laminated fiber layer 40 (sound absorbing portion) is the thickness of the base material layer 41 of 7 mm + the thickness of the sound absorbing layer 45 of approximately 13 mm.
  • the sound absorption coefficients of the molded product of the vehicle exterior material 10 according to Example 1 and the fiber layer 40 according to the comparative example are measured and compared. Specifically, the sound absorption coefficient is measured from the side of the base material layers 11 and 41 assuming the sound absorption performance evaluation of road noise as an undercover. This sound absorption coefficient is measured by the reverberation room method sound absorption coefficient according to the JIS A 1409 standard. As shown in FIG. 6, spacers 51 were arranged to set the positions of the surfaces of the base material layers 11 and 41 at a height of 20 mm from the floor surface.
  • FIG. 7 shows the sound absorption coefficients of Example 1 and Comparative Example.
  • Example 1 changes with the same tendency as in the comparative example in the sound range of 315 to 2500 Hz.
  • Example 1 exhibits a higher sound absorption coefficient than Comparative Example in the sound ranges of 315-630 Hz and 4000-6300 Hz.
  • the sound absorption coefficient of Example 1 is only about 13% lower than that of the comparative example in the range from 800 Hz to 3150 Hz, and is only about 8% lower in the range from 800 to 1000 Hz. Therefore, a significant decrease in the sound absorbing performance of the vehicle exterior material 10 according to the first embodiment is suppressed.
  • Example 2 As the base material layer 11, an undercover material for vehicles (basis weight: 1200 gsm), which is a needle-punched nonwoven fabric base material (formed nonwoven fabric) using polyethylene terephthalate fiber and binder fiber such as low-melting polyester fiber, was used.
  • a polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric is laminated as a cover layer 17 on both sides of the sound absorbing layer 15 .
  • Crimping portions 23 are provided at four locations.
  • the gaps La and Lb between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 of the molding die were set to 5.5 mm at the concave portion 33 and 1.5 mm at the convex portion 34, respectively.
  • the thickness of the base material layer 11 was approximately 3.5 mm and the thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 was approximately 13 mm.
  • the thickness of the crimped portion 23 is 1.5 mm due to compression of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15, and the crimped portions are properly crimped.
  • Example 3 As the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15, a vehicle undercover material (basis weight: 1200 gsm) and felt (basis weight: 340 gsm, thickness: about 20 mm) having the same structure as in Example 2 were used. A polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric is laminated as a cover layer 17 on both sides of the sound absorbing layer 15 . Only the base material layer 11 was heated to a surface temperature of 210° C., and the non-heated sound absorbing layer 15 was laminated, and then compressed and molded at room temperature. Crimping portions 23 are provided at four locations.
  • the gaps La and Lb between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 of the molding die were set to 4 mm at the concave portion 33 and 1.5 mm at the convex portion 34 .
  • the thickness of the base material layer 11 was approximately 2.5 mm and the thickness of the sound absorbing layer 15 was approximately 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the crimped portion 23 is 1.5 mm due to compression of the base material layer 11 and the sound absorbing layer 15, and the crimped portions are properly crimped.
  • vehicle interior and exterior parts according to the present disclosure are not limited to the appearance and configuration described in the above embodiments, and various modifications, additions, deletions, and combinations of configurations without changing the gist of the present disclosure. can be implemented in
  • vehicle interior and exterior parts can include both vehicle interior parts and vehicle exterior parts.
  • Vehicle interior parts can be applied to, for example, luggage trim, door trim, rear parcel shelf, deck board, trunk trim, pillar garnish, roof trim, and the like.
  • vehicle exterior products can be applied to, for example, vehicle underfloor undercovers (engine undercovers, floor covers, etc.) and wheel house protectors.

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Abstract

乗物用内外装品(10)は、基材層(11)と吸音層(15)を有する。基材層(11)は、熱可塑性合成樹脂(12)を含んだ繊維成形体である。吸音層(15)は、熱可塑性合成繊維(18)を含んで交絡された繊維ウェブ(16)と、熱可塑性合成繊維(18)を含む不織布であるカバー層(17)が積層される。基材層(11)の一方の面に吸音層(15)の繊維ウェブ(16)が積層される。吸音層(15)は、接着部(21)と吸音部(22)と圧着部(23)を有する。接着部(21)は、基材層(11)と接している面の熱可塑性合成繊維(18)と基材層(11)の熱可塑性合成樹脂(12)が熱接着された状態で固化されている。吸音部(22)は、熱可塑性合成繊維(18)が溶融せずに繊維ウェブ状態が維持されている。圧着部(23)は、基材層(11)と繊維ウェブ(16)とカバー層(17)が厚さ方向に圧縮された状態で熱圧着されている。

Description

乗物用内外装品及び乗物用内外装品の製造方法
 本開示は、乗物用内外装品及び乗物用内外装品の製造方法に関する。
 従来、乗物用内外装品は、インジェクション成形品、ポリエステル繊維素材、ガラス繊維基材等を用いて作られており、乗物の室内の静穏化等を目的として、内外装品の裏側に吸音材が取り付けられる場合がある。吸音材には、反毛やポリエステル繊維のフェルト、ポリプロピレンのメルトブローン繊維を主体としたフェルト等が用いられている。また、吸音材の取り付けは超音波によるスポット溶着等が用いられている。
 例えば、特許第6444569号公報には、ポリエチレンテレフタレートとポリプロピレンを含むニードルパンチ不織布、及びポリプロピレンを含むメルトブローン不織布をラミネートした、自動車用の吸音材が開示されている。
 乗物用内外装品に用いる吸音材は、水や砂、風圧等に対する保護の観点から、薄い不織布がラミネートされている。吸音材は、さらに毛羽立ちやほつれを防止するため、端末部において熱間プレスにより潰し加工が施される場合がある。この場合、内外装品の製造工程において、吸音材のカットされた端末部をあらかじめ潰し加工する前処理の工程が必要となる。また、成形された内外装品の本体に後加工として吸音材を接着(溶着)するため、スポット溶着が施される。しかしこの溶着した部分において吸音材が内外装品から剥がれる懸念があった。
 そこで、改良された乗物用内外装品と、その製造方法が必要とされていた。
 本開示の第1側面として、乗物用内外装品は、基材層と吸音層を有する。基材層は、熱可塑性合成樹脂を含んだ面状の繊維成形体である。吸音層は、熱可塑性合成繊維を含んで交絡された面状の繊維ウェブと、前記繊維ウェブの少なくとも一方の面において熱可塑性合成繊維を含む面状の不織布であるカバー層とが積層されている。前記吸音層は、前記基材層の一方の面に前記繊維ウェブが積層される。吸音層は、接着部と、吸音部と、圧着部を有する。接着部は、前記基材層と接している面の前記熱可塑性合成繊維と前記基材層の前記熱可塑性合成樹脂が熱接着された状態で固化されている。吸音部は、前記接着部より前記基材層から離間した位置において、前記熱可塑性合成繊維が溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持されている。圧着部は、前記基材層と、前記繊維ウェブ、前記カバー層とが、厚さ方向に圧縮された状態で熱圧着されている。
 したがって、乗物用内外装品は、基材層と吸音層の表面同士が所定箇所において接着されている。基材層と吸音層の接する面は、広範囲に亘り接着されている。乗物用内外装品は、積層された基材層と吸音層が一体的に成形され、接着部と圧着部を有することにより、基材層と吸音層が強固に接着されている。よって、吸音層の毛羽立ちやほつれ、乗物用内外装品からの剥がれを防止することができる。
 本開示の第2側面として、乗物用内外装品の前記圧着部は、積層された前記基材層と前記吸音層の平面において点状又は線状に複数個所設けられている。
 したがって乗物用内外装品は、このように圧着部の数を増やすことにより、吸音層のほつれや剥がれ防止の機能向上を図ることができる。また、吸音部における圧縮の程度を調整しつつ、製品の接着部の接着強度を維持できる。例えば、吸音部の圧縮の程度を小さくすることによって、基材層と吸音層の厚さをより厚くすることができる。この場合、吸音層の熱可塑性合成繊維の溶融が少なくなるため吸音部における接着部の接着強度は小さくなるが、吸音率の低下を抑制できる。一方で圧着部においては基材層と吸音層が好適に圧縮されて熱圧着し、接着強度が担保される。
 本開示の第3側面として、乗物用内外装品の前記圧着部は、前記吸音層の周縁に沿って点状若しくは線状に複数個所、又は全周に亘って設けられている。
 したがって、吸音層は周縁において基材層とより強固に熱圧着されるため、吸音層の端末から繊維がこぼれ落ちることを防止できる。さらに、吸音層の端末におけるほつれや剥がれの防止と、塵や砂、水などに対する製品保護の強化を図ることができる。
 本開示の第4側面として、乗物用内外装品の製造方法は、熱可塑性合成樹脂を含んだ面状の繊維成形体である基材層を加熱する加熱工程と、熱可塑性合成繊維を含んで交絡された面状の繊維ウェブと前記繊維ウェブの少なくとも一方の面において熱可塑性合成繊維を含む面状の不織布であるカバー層とが積層された非加熱の吸音層を、加熱された前記基材層と積層させて、互いに接する面において前記基材層の前記熱可塑性合成樹脂と前記繊維ウェブの前記熱可塑性合成繊維を熱接着する接着工程と、積層した前記基材層と前記吸音層を、上型と下型を有する一対の成形型により両面から挟んで冷却しながら加圧し、成形する成形工程と、前記基材層と前記繊維ウェブ、前記カバー層を厚さ方向に圧縮し熱圧着させて圧着部を成形することにより、前記吸音層を前記基材層に圧着する圧着工程とを含み、前記接着工程と前記圧着工程は前記成形工程と併せて行うことができる。
 したがって接着工程において、熱可塑性合成樹脂を含む予め加熱された基材層と熱可塑性合成繊維を含む吸音層が、積層された状態で成形型により両面から加圧される。基材層の熱により、基材層に含まれる熱可塑性合成樹脂と吸音層に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維が熱接着されるため、基材層と吸音層は接する表面同士が広範囲において接着される。また、成形工程において基材層と吸音層が一対の成形型に挟まれることにより、所定の形状に成形される。さらに、圧着工程において、吸音層の所定の箇所における基材層と繊維ウェブ、カバー層を厚さ方向に圧縮することにより、吸音層に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維の一部が基材層の熱により溶融して潰れ、圧着部が成形される。これらの工程を合わせて行うことにより、吸音層を基材層に接着する加工と吸音層の潰し加工を、乗物用内外装品を成形する工程において一度に行うことができると共に、吸音材が剥がれ難い乗物用内外装品を成形することができる。
 本開示の第5側面として、乗物用内外装品の製造方法において、前記一対の成形型のうち一方の成形型は、凹部と凸部を有する。前記一対の成形型を閉じたときに対向する前記上型と前記下型の隙間が、凹部では前記基材層の厚さ寸法より大きく、凸部では前記基材層の厚さ寸法より小さくなる。前記凹部において前記熱可塑性合成繊維が溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持される吸音部が成形され、前記凸部において前記圧着部が成形される。前記一対の成形型を開放した後、前記吸音部は前記繊維ウェブに含まれる繊維の反発力で厚さが前記圧着部の厚さよりも復元する。
 したがって、積層した基材層と吸音層が成形型により両面から挟まれると、吸音層は凸部に接する箇所において、基材層と共に圧縮される。そのため基材層の熱によって吸音層に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維の一部が溶融し、圧着部が成形される。吸音層が凹部に接する箇所においては、吸音層の圧縮が相対的に小さく基材層の熱が伝わり難くなる。そのため吸音層に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維が溶融せず、交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持される吸音部が成形される。これにより、一対の成形型を開放した後、吸音部は繊維ウェブに含まれる繊維の反発力で厚さが復元し、成形後も必要な吸音材の厚さを維持することができる。
 本開示の第6側面として、乗物用内外装品の製造方法における前記圧着工程は、前記圧着部に別の熱源による溶着がさらに施される。
したがって、乗物用内外装品の圧着部はさらに熱が加えられて溶着されるため、基材層と吸音層の接着結合をより強固にすることができる。
 本開示の構成または工程により、吸音材の前処理および内外装品成形後の後加工を施すことなく、内外装品の本体と吸音材が一体化された状態で成形された、吸音材が剥がれ難い乗物用内外装品と、その製造方法を提供することができる。
実施形態に係る乗物用内外装品の基材層と吸音層の積層状態を模式的に示す図である。 実施形態に係る製造工程において、基材層と吸音層を成形型の上型と下型の間に投入した状態を模式的に示す断面図である。 実施形態に係る製造工程において、基材層と吸音層が成形型により加圧、成形される状態を模式的に示す断面図である。 実施形態に係る製造工程において、成形型を開放した後の基材層と吸音層の状態を模式的に示す断面図である。 実施形態に係る乗物用内外装品の成形品を模式的に示す図である。 実施例1と比較例に係る乗物用内外装品の吸音率測定において、基材層と吸音層の積層状態を模式的に示す図である。 実施形態に係る乗物用内外装品の吸音性能を示す図である。
 以下に、本開示の実施形態について、図1から図7を用いて説明する。本実施形態の乗物用内外装品及び乗物用内外装品の製造方法として、乗物用内外装品のうち車両用外装材であるアンダーカバーを例示して説明する。本実施形態に係るアンダーカバー10(車両用外装材)は、積層された基材層11と吸音層15を有する。
<車両用外装材の構成>
 図1、図5に示すように、基材層11は、熱可塑性合成樹脂12を含んだ多孔質繊維体であり、加熱後に冷間成形される面状の繊維成形体である。基材層11は、繊維補強材を含んでいても良い。この基材層11は、ニードルパンチによる乾式法、または湿式抄紙法など、公知の製造方法により製造できる。
 熱可塑性合成樹脂12は、ポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどのポリエステル、ポリアミドなどが選択され得る。
 繊維補強材は、ガラス繊維、バサルト繊維、カーボン繊維のほか、ケナフ(洋麻)、竹等の天然繊維が適宜選択され得る。
 基材層11の例としては、バインダー繊維として熱可塑性合成樹脂12であるポリプロピレン繊維を用い、繊維補強材にガラス繊維を用いた繊維基材(LWRT=Low Weight Reinforced Thermoplastics)が挙げられる。繊維補強材を含まない基材層11の例として、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維と、低融点ポリエステル繊維などのバインダー繊維を用いたニードルパンチ不織布基材(成形不織布)が挙げられる。これらの基材は、意匠性・耐久性などの必要性に応じて、別途不織布やフィルムなどを貼り合わせた複層構造とすることができる。
 吸音層15は、熱可塑性合成繊維18を含んで交絡された面状の繊維ウェブ16と熱可塑性合成繊維18を含む面状の不織布であるカバー層17を有している。吸音層15は、基材層11の一方の面に繊維ウェブ16が積層され、さらにカバー層17が積層された構成とされる。
 繊維ウェブ16、カバー層17における熱可塑性合成繊維18として、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリスチレン繊維、ポリエステル繊維等、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択することができる。繊維ウェブ16は、例えばポリプロピレン繊維、ポリエステル繊維などの積層フェルト、ニードルパンチマット、メルトブローン繊維体、これらの混合物などが挙げられる。また、シンサレート(登録商標)等の製品を用いても良い。ポリプロピレン繊維は、疎水性を有することから繊維間に水が侵入しにくく、使用中の吸音特性を維持することができるため好ましい。
 吸音層15の密度、厚さは、車両に配される部位によって様々であってよい。密度が高く、厚い不織布を吸音層15に用いた場合には、吸音層15はより吸音性能を発揮する。また、繊維ウェブ16に用いられる熱可塑性合成繊維18は、繊維径、繊維長について適宜選択できる。
 カバー層17は、熱可塑性合成繊維18を含む面状の不織布であり、繊維ウェブ16の基材層11と接していない側の面に積層されている。カバー層17は、吸音層15の繊維ウェブ16を保護する。カバー層17として、ポリプロピレンのスパンボンド不織布が例示される。ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィンは、化学的安定性に優れている。したがって、カバー層17により吸音層15の繊維ウェブ16が保護された車両用外装材10は、車外の大気、排気ガス、塩、腐食ガスなどへの曝露に対して高い耐久性を有する。カバー層17に通気制御不織布を用いることにより、吸音層15側からの音の入射に対して吸音性能を向上させることができる。
 カバー層17は、繊維ウェブ16の一方の面において積層された構成としても良く、両面においてそれぞれ積層された構成としても良い。カバー層17を繊維ウェブ16の両面に積層した構成とすることにより、基材層11に対していずれの面が接しても良いため、左右を反転させた形状の車両用外装材10に採用することができる。
 吸音層15は、基材層11と接している面において、接着部21を有している。接着部21は、基材層11に含まれる熱可塑性合成樹脂12と繊維ウェブ16に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維18が熱接着された状態で固化されている。これにより、基材層11と吸音層15は互いに接する面同士が広範囲に亘って熱接着されている。接着部21は、基材層11と吸音層15が接する面の全体において熱接着された構成としても良い。このように、面の広範囲に亘って接着することにより、吸音層15をスポットで溶着する場合に比べてより剥がれ難い車両用外装材10を成形することができる。
 吸音層15は、吸音部22と、圧着部23を有している。吸音部22は、接着部21より基材層11から離間した位置において、熱可塑性合成繊維18が溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持されている。圧着部23は、基材層11と、繊維ウェブ16、カバー層17とが、厚さ方向に圧縮された状態で熱圧着されている。具体的には、吸音層15の繊維ウェブ16とカバー層17が熱溶融して潰れた状態で固化し、基材層11と一体になって熱圧着されている。そのため、圧着部23の厚さは、吸音部22における基材層11の厚さより薄くなっている。圧着部23は、超音波溶着等さらに別の熱源による溶着が施された構成としても良い。これにより、圧着部23においてより強固に圧着された車両用外装材10を成形することができる。
 圧着部23は、積層された基材層11と吸音層15の平面において点状又は線状に複数個所設けられている。さらに圧着部23は、吸音層15の周縁に沿って全周に亘って設けられている。したがって、吸音層15の端部におけるほつれや剥がれを抑制し、塵や砂、水などの侵入を抑制できる。圧着部23は、吸音層15の周縁に沿って、点状若しくは線状に複数個所設けた構成としても良い。また、圧着部23を細かい突起状の形状として複数個所に設けても良い。圧着部23は製品の形状等に応じて任意の箇所に設けることができる。
 <車両用外装材の製造工程>
 次に、本実施形態に係る車両用外装材(乗物用内外装品)の製造方法を説明する。車両用外装材の製造方法は、加熱工程と、接着工程と、成形工程と、圧着工程とを有している。
 本実施形態において車両用外装材10の成形に用いられる成形型31,32は一対であり、上型31と下型32を有している。下型32には凹部33と凸部34が設けられている。凹部33は、一対の成形型31,32を閉じたときに対向する上型31と下型32の隙間Laが基材層11の厚さ寸法より大きく、凸部34は、上型31と下型32の隙間Lbが基材層11の厚さ寸法より小さい構成とされる(図3参照)。成形型の上型31と下型32の隙間La,Lbは、基材層11と吸音層15の材質、目付に応じて適切な成形圧がかかるように設定される。例えば、凹部33における隙間Laを小さくしすぎた場合は、吸音層15が過度に圧縮されて吸音性能が低下し、隙間Laを大きくした場合は、基材層11に対する成形圧が低下してしまう。したがって、必要な吸音性能を維持しながら適切な成形圧が掛かる範囲において隙間Laの大きさが設定される。
 加熱工程では、基材層11を遠赤ヒーター、オーブン等の方法で加熱する。
 次に、図2に示すように、繊維ウェブ16とカバー層17とが積層された非加熱の吸音層15を、成形型の下型32にセットする。セットされた吸音層15は、カバー層17が下型32に接している。加熱された基材層11は、成形型31,32の間において吸音層15の上に積層される。基材層11と吸音層15は、互いに接する面において基材層11の熱可塑性合成樹脂12と繊維ウェブ16の熱可塑性合成繊維18が熱接着される。このようにして、積層された基材層11と吸音層15を互いに接する表面同士において熱接着させる工程が、本開示に係る「接着工程」に相当する。接着工程は、成形型31,32に吸音層15をセットし基材層11を積層させるため、成形工程と併せて行うことができる。
 図3に示すように、積層した基材層11と吸音層15を、成形型31,32により両面から挟んで冷却しながら加圧する。これにより、車両用外装材10は所定の形状に成形される。凸部34においては、上型31と下型32の隙間Lbが基材層11の厚さより小さいため、基材層11、繊維ウェブ16及びカバー層17が、厚さ方向に圧縮される。これにより、隙間Lbが十分に小さいときは、加熱された基材層11の熱が繊維ウェブ16及びカバー層17に伝わり、これらに含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維18の一部が熱溶融する。この熱溶融により吸音層15は潰れた状態で基材層11に熱圧着されて、圧着部23が成形される。圧着部23は、さらに超音波溶着が施されても良い。このように、圧着部23に別の熱源による溶着を施すことによって、圧着がより強固になる。別の熱源による溶着は、例えば赤外線溶着、電熱ヒーター、熱風等による溶着であっても良い。
 さらに、凹部33においては、上型31と下型32の隙間Laが基材層11の厚さより大きいため、吸音層15の圧縮の割合は相対的に小さくなり、基材層11の熱が吸音層15に伝わり難くなる。これにより、熱可塑性合成繊維18は溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持され、吸音部22が成形される。凹部33における上型31と下型32の隙間Laに合わせて圧縮された吸音部22は、図4に示すように、一対の成形型31,32を開放した後、繊維ウェブ16に含まれる繊維の反発力で厚さが復元する。吸音部22の厚さは、元の厚さよりは薄くなる。このようにして吸音部22の厚さを一定以上に維持することにより、吸音性能の低下を抑制することができる。
 上型31と下型32の隙間La,Lbの寸法は任意に設定される。下型32の凹部33における隙間Laを小さくすると、吸音層15の厚さの復元が小さくなると共に、基材層11の厚さが薄くなる。一方で、凹部33における隙間Laを大きくすると、吸音層15の圧縮が少なくなり、吸音層15と基材層11の厚さをより厚くできるが、接着部21の接着強度は弱くなる。凹部33における隙間Laを過剰に大きくすると、基材層11に掛かる成形圧の不足により、基材層11を適正な形状に成形できない。そのため、必要な吸音性能を維持しながら適切な成形圧が掛かる範囲において隙間Laの大きさが設定される。ここで、下型32の凸部34における隙間Lbを十分に小さくして吸音層15を圧縮すると、吸音層15と基材層11が強固に圧着された圧着部23が成形される。このように圧着部23を設けることにより、吸音層15と基材層11の接着強度を担保できる。
 上記のように、積層された基材層11と吸音層15を一対の成形型31,32で両面から挟み、加圧して車両用外装材10を成形する工程が、本開示に係る「成形工程」に相当する。基材層11と吸音層15を厚さ方向に圧縮し、圧着部23を成形する工程が本開示に係る「圧着工程」に相当する。圧着工程は、成形型31,32により挟まれた基材層11と吸音層15に対して圧着部23を成形するため、成形工程と併せて行うことができる。そのため、吸音層15を基材層11に熱接着する加工、吸音層15を潰して基材層11に熱圧着する加工、及び車両用外装材10の成形を一度に行うことができる。
 本実施形態に係る車両用外装材の製造工程により、基材層11と吸音層15が一体的に成形された車両用外装材10を得る。車両用外装材10は、図5に示すように上下の向きを反転させた状態で、アンダーカバーとして車両に取り付けられる。
 このように、上記実施形態に係る車両用外装材10によれば、熱可塑性合成樹脂12を含む面状の繊維成形体である基材層11と、熱可塑性合成繊維18を含む面状の繊維ウェブ16とカバー層17を有する吸音層15が積層され、これらの表面同士が所定箇所において熱接着されている。接着部21においては、吸音層15の基材層11と接している面における熱可塑性合成繊維18と基材層11の熱可塑性合成樹脂12が熱接着された状態で固化している。これにより、基材層11と吸音層15の接する面は広範囲に亘り接着されている。車両用外装材10は、基材層11と、繊維ウェブ16、カバー層17とが、厚さ方向に圧縮された状態で熱圧着された圧着部23が成形されていると共に、熱可塑性合成繊維18が溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持された吸音部22が成形されている。このように、積層された基材層11と吸音層15が一体的に成形された製品は、接着部21と圧着部23を有することにより、基材層11と吸音層15が強固に熱接着されている。よって、吸音層15の毛羽立ちやほつれ、車両用外装材10からの剥がれを防止することができる。
 車両用外装材10は、圧着部23が基材層11と吸音層15の平面における複数個所に、点状又は線状に設けられている。このように圧着部23の数を増やすことにより、吸音層15のほつれや剥がれ防止の機能向上を図ることができる。また、吸音部22における圧縮の程度を調整しつつ、製品の接着部21の接着強度を維持できる。例えば、吸音部22の圧縮の程度を小さく、すなわち成形型31,32の凹部33における隙間Laを大きくすることによって、基材層11と吸音層15の厚さをより厚くすることができる。この場合、吸音層15の熱可塑性合成繊維18の溶融が少なくなるため吸音部22の接着部21の接着強度は小さくなるが、吸音率の低下を抑制できる。一方で圧着部23においては基材層11と吸音層15が好適に圧縮されて熱圧着し、接着強度が担保される。
 圧着部23を吸音層15の周縁に沿って点状若しくは線状に複数個所設けることにより、吸音層15は周縁において基材層11とより強固に熱圧着される。したがって、吸音層15の端末におけるほつれや剥がれの防止と、塵や砂、水などに対する製品保護の強化を図ることができる。さらに、圧着部23を吸音層15の周縁に沿って全周に亘って設けることにより、吸音層15の端末から繊維がこぼれ落ちることを防止できる。
 上記実施形態に係る車両用外装材10の製造工程は、接着工程において、熱可塑性合成樹脂12を含む予め加熱された基材層11と熱可塑性合成繊維18を含む吸音層15が、積層された状態で成形型31,32により両面から加圧される。基材層11の熱により、基材層11に含まれる熱可塑性合成樹脂12と吸音層15に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維18が熱接着されるため、基材層11と吸音層15は接する表面同士が広範囲において接着される。成形工程において、基材層11と吸音層15が一対の成形型31,32に挟まれ、所定の形状に冷間成形される。さらに、圧着工程において、吸音層15の所定の箇所における基材層11と繊維ウェブ16、カバー層17を厚さ方向に圧縮される。圧縮された箇所は、吸音層15に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維18の一部が基材層11の熱により溶融して潰れ、圧着部23が成形される。これらの工程を合わせて行うことにより、吸音層15を基材層11に接着する加工と吸音層15の潰し加工を、車両用外装材10を成形する工程において一度に行うことができると共に、吸音層15が剥がれ難い車両用外装材10を成形することができる。
 成形型の下型32は、凹部33と凸部34を有している。凹部33においては、一対の成形型31,32を閉じたときに対向する上型31と下型32の隙間Laが基材層11の厚さ寸法より大きく、凸部34においては、隙間Lbが基材層11の厚さ寸法より小さくなる。積層した基材層11と吸音層15が成形型31,32により両面から挟まれると、吸音層15は凸部34に接する箇所において、基材層11と共に圧縮される。そのため基材層11の熱によって吸音層15に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維18の一部が溶融し、圧着部23が成形される。吸音層15が凹部33に接する箇所においては、吸音層15の圧縮が相対的に小さく基材層11の熱が伝わり難くなる。そのため吸音層15に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維18が溶融せず、交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持される吸音部22が成形される。これにより、一対の成形型31,32を開放した後、吸音部22は繊維ウェブ16に含まれる繊維の反発力で厚さが復元し、成形後も必要な吸音層15の厚さを維持することができる。
 成形型31,32は、基材層11と吸音層15の素材や目付に応じて上型31と下型32の隙間La,Lbの寸法が設定される。適切な範囲において隙間La,Lbの寸法を設定することにより、吸音層15が過度に圧縮され吸音性能が低下するのを防ぐと共に、基材層11に対して適切な成形圧をかけることができる。そのため、十分な吸音性能と圧着の強度が維持された車両用外装材10を成形することができる。
 車両用外装材10の圧着部23は、さらに超音波溶着等の別の熱源によって溶着されることにより、基材層11と吸音層15の接着結合をより強固にすることができる。そのため、基材層11、吸音層15の目付のバラつき、形状などがあっても、圧着が不十分な部位が生じるのを抑制することができる。
 上記実施形態に係る車両用外装材10の構成、製造工程により、吸音層15の前処理および外装材成形後の後加工を施すことなく、車両用外装材10の基材層11と吸音層15が一体化された状態で成形された、吸音層15が剥がれ難い車両用外装材10と、その製造方法を提供することができる。
 以下、実施例及び比較例によって本開示を具体的に説明する。
 [実施例1]
 基材層11として、ガラス繊維とポリプロピレン繊維のニードルパンチによる繊維基材に、別途ニードルパンチ不織布を貼り合わせた複層繊維基材である、車両用アンダーカバー材(目付量1400gsm)を用いた。吸音層15として、ポリプロピレン繊維のメルトブローン繊維を主体とした吸音材(目付量230gsm、厚さ約25mm)を用いた。吸音層15の両面には、カバー層17としてポリプロピレンのスパンボンド不織布がラミネートされている。
 基材層11のみ表面温度210℃に加熱し、非加熱の吸音層15を積層させ、常温で圧縮、成形した。4か所に圧着部23を設けた。
 成形型の上型31と下型32の隙間La,Lbを、凹部33において8mm、凸部34において2mmとした。
 車両用外装材10の成形品は、吸音部22において基材層11の厚さ約5mm+吸音層15の厚さ約15mmとなった。また、圧着部23の厚さは、基材層11と吸音層15が圧縮されて2mmとなり、適切に圧着されている。
 [比較例]
 基材層41として、実施例1と同様の車両用アンダーカバー材を用い、厚さ7mmに成形した。吸音層45として、ポリプロピレンのメルトブローン繊維を主体とした吸音材(目付量150gsm、厚さ約13mm)を用いた(図6参照)。吸音層45の両面には、カバー層17としてポリプロピレンのスパンボンド不織布がラミネートされている。
 吸音層45は基材層41に積層させたのみで、圧着部は設けない。積層された繊維層40(吸音部)の厚さは、基材層41の厚さ7mm+吸音層45の厚さ約13mmである。
 <吸音率について>
 実施例1に係る車両用外装材10の成形品と比較例に係る繊維層40の吸音率を測定して比較する。具体的には、アンダーカバーとしてのロードノイズの吸音性能評価を想定して、基材層11,41側から吸音率を測定する。この吸音率は、JIS A 1409の基準に従い、残響室法吸音率によって測定される。図6に示すように、スペーサー51を配置して、基材層11,41の表面の位置を床面から20mmの高さに設定した。図7は、実施例1と比較例のそれぞれの吸音率を示したものである。実施例1の音域ごとの吸音率は、音域315~2500Hzにおいて比較例と同じ傾向で推移する。実施例1は、音域315~630Hz、及び4000~6300Hzにおいて比較例より高い吸音率を示している。実施例1の吸音率は、800Hzから3150Hzにおいて、比較例に対して13%程度までの低下に収まっており、800~1000Hzにおいては8%程度の低下にとどまっている。よって、実施例1に係る車両用外装材10の吸音性能の大幅な低下は抑えられている。
 [実施例2]
 基材層11として、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維と、低融点ポリエステル繊維などのバインダー繊維を用いたニードルパンチ不織布基材(成形不織布)である車両用アンダーカバー材(目付量1200gsm)を用いた。吸音層15として、ポリプロピレン繊維のメルトブローン繊維とポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維のフェルト(目付量340gsm、厚さ約20mm)を用いた。吸音層15の両面にはカバー層17として、ポリプロピレンのスパンボンド不織布がラミネートされている。
 基材層11のみ表面温度210℃に加熱し、非加熱の吸音層15を積層させ、常温で圧縮、成形した。4か所に圧着部23を設けた。
 成形型の上型31と下型32の隙間La,Lbを、凹部33において5.5mm、凸部34において1.5mmとした。
 車両用外装材10の成形品は、吸音部22において基材層11の厚さ約3.5mm+吸音層15の厚さ約13mmとなった。圧着部23の厚さは、基材層11と吸音層15が圧縮されて1.5mmとなり、適切に圧着されている。
 [実施例3]
 基材層11、吸音層15として、実施例2と同様の構成である車両用アンダーカバー材(目付量1200gsm)とフェルト(目付量340gsm、厚さ約20mm)を用いた。吸音層15の両面にはカバー層17として、ポリプロピレンのスパンボンド不織布がラミネートされている。
 基材層11のみ表面温度210℃に加熱し、非加熱の吸音層15を積層させ、常温で圧縮、成形した。4か所に圧着部23を設けた。
 成形型の上型31と下型32の隙間La,Lbを、凹部33において4mm、凸部34において1.5mmとした。
 車両用外装材10の成形品は、吸音部22において基材層11の厚さ約2.5mm+吸音層15の厚さ約10mmとなった。圧着部23の厚さは、基材層11と吸音層15が圧縮されて1.5mmとなり、適切に圧着されている。
 本開示に係る乗物用内外装品は、上記実施形態において説明した外観、構成に限られず、本開示の要旨を変更しない範囲で種々の変更、追加、削除、構成の組み合わせにより、その他各種の形態で実施できるものである。
 上記実施形態に係る乗物用内外装品は、乗物用内装品及び乗物用外装品いずれも含み得るものである。乗物用内装品は、例えば、ラゲージトリム、ドアトリム、リヤパーセルシェルフ、デッキボード、トランクトリム、ピラーガーニッシュ、ルーフトリムなどに適用し得る。また、乗物用外装品は、例えば、車両用床下のアンダーカバー(エンジンアンダーカバー、フロアカバーなど)、ホイールハウスプロテクターに適用し得る。
 添付の図面を参照して詳細に上述した種々の実施例は、本発明の代表例であって本発明を限定するものではない。詳細な説明は、本教示の様々な態様を作成、使用および/または実施するために、当業者に教示するものであって、本開示の範囲を限定するものではない。更に、上述した各付加的な特徴および教示は、改良された乗物用内外装品および/またはその製造方法と使用方法を提供するため、別々にまたは他の特徴および教示と一緒に適用および/または使用され得るものである。

Claims (6)

  1.  乗物用内外装品であって、
     熱可塑性合成樹脂を含んだ面状の繊維成形体である基材層と、
     熱可塑性合成繊維を含んで交絡された面状の繊維ウェブと、前記繊維ウェブの少なくとも一方の面において熱可塑性合成繊維を含む面状の不織布であるカバー層とが積層された吸音層と、を有し、
     前記吸音層は、
     前記基材層の一方の面に前記繊維ウェブが積層されるとともに、前記基材層と接している面の前記熱可塑性合成繊維と前記基材層の前記熱可塑性合成樹脂が熱接着された状態で固化された接着部と、
     前記接着部より前記基材層から離間した位置において、前記熱可塑性合成繊維が溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持された吸音部と、
     前記基材層と、前記繊維ウェブ、前記カバー層とが、厚さ方向に圧縮された状態で熱圧着された圧着部と、を有する乗物用内外装品。
  2.  請求項1に記載の乗物用内外装品であって、
     前記圧着部は、積層された前記基材層と前記吸音層の平面において点状又は線状に複数個所設けられている、乗物用内外装品。
  3.  請求項1または請求項2に記載の乗物用内外装品であって、
     前記圧着部は、前記吸音層の周縁に沿って点状若しくは線状に複数個所、又は全周に亘って設けられている、乗物用内外装品。
  4.  乗物用内外装品の製造方法であって、
     熱可塑性合成樹脂を含んだ面状の繊維成形体である基材層を加熱する加熱工程と、
     熱可塑性合成繊維を含んで交絡された面状の繊維ウェブと前記繊維ウェブの少なくとも一方の面において熱可塑性合成繊維を含む面状の不織布であるカバー層とが積層された非加熱の吸音層を、加熱された前記基材層と積層させて、互いに接する面において前記基材層の前記熱可塑性合成樹脂と前記繊維ウェブの前記熱可塑性合成繊維を熱接着する接着工程と、
     積層した前記基材層と前記吸音層を、上型と下型を有する一対の成形型により両面から挟んで冷却しながら加圧し、成形する成形工程と、
     前記基材層と前記繊維ウェブ、前記カバー層を厚さ方向に圧縮し熱圧着させて圧着部を成形することにより、前記吸音層を前記基材層に圧着する圧着工程と、を含み、
     前記接着工程と前記圧着工程は前記成形工程と併せて行うことができる、乗物用内外装品の製造方法。
  5.  請求項4に記載の乗物用内外装品の製造方法であって、
     前記一対の成形型のうち一方の成形型は、前記一対の成形型を閉じたときに対向する前記上型と前記下型の隙間が前記基材層の厚さ寸法より大きい凹部と、前記隙間が前記基材層の厚さ寸法より小さい凸部とを有しており、
     前記凹部において前記熱可塑性合成繊維が溶融せずに交絡された繊維ウェブ状態が維持される吸音部が成形され、前記凸部において前記圧着部が成形され、
     前記一対の成形型を開放した後、前記吸音部は前記繊維ウェブに含まれる繊維の反発力で厚さが前記圧着部の厚さよりも復元する、乗物用内外装品の製造方法。
  6.  請求項4または請求項5に記載の乗物用内外装品の製造方法であって、
     前記圧着工程は、前記圧着部に別の熱源による溶着がさらに施される、乗物用内外装品の製造方法。
PCT/JP2022/003507 2021-04-16 2022-01-31 乗物用内外装品及び乗物用内外装品の製造方法 WO2022219879A1 (ja)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012245925A (ja) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-13 Howa Textile Industry Co Ltd 自動車用ボディーアンダーカバー
JP2014028568A (ja) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-13 Howa Textile Industry Co Ltd 車両用防音カバー
JP2015017339A (ja) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-29 直也 佐藤 耐着氷・防音緩衝材及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた車両用外装材
JP2020084335A (ja) * 2018-11-15 2020-06-04 トヨタ紡織株式会社 表皮材
JP2020179570A (ja) * 2019-04-24 2020-11-05 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション 積層発泡体シートおよびその製造方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012245925A (ja) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-13 Howa Textile Industry Co Ltd 自動車用ボディーアンダーカバー
JP2014028568A (ja) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-13 Howa Textile Industry Co Ltd 車両用防音カバー
JP2015017339A (ja) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-29 直也 佐藤 耐着氷・防音緩衝材及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた車両用外装材
JP2020084335A (ja) * 2018-11-15 2020-06-04 トヨタ紡織株式会社 表皮材
JP2020179570A (ja) * 2019-04-24 2020-11-05 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション 積層発泡体シートおよびその製造方法

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