WO2022206059A1 - 一种后挂电pto结构的电驱式拖拉机cvt动力总成 - Google Patents

一种后挂电pto结构的电驱式拖拉机cvt动力总成 Download PDF

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WO2022206059A1
WO2022206059A1 PCT/CN2021/141241 CN2021141241W WO2022206059A1 WO 2022206059 A1 WO2022206059 A1 WO 2022206059A1 CN 2021141241 W CN2021141241 W CN 2021141241W WO 2022206059 A1 WO2022206059 A1 WO 2022206059A1
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Prior art keywords
motor
pto
electric motor
generator
transmission
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PCT/CN2021/141241
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭贵荣
林志强
黄幼林
赵增亮
董祥欢
陈涛
毛正松
欧阳石坤
王少尧
陆祖汉
曹少华
谭达辉
任勇杰
李少明
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广西玉柴机器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022206059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022206059A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of transmission, and in particular relates to an electric drive tractor CVT power assembly with a rear-mounted electric PTO structure.
  • the existing tractor transmission system is divided into a manual transmission transmission system, a power uninterrupted automatic transmission transmission transmission system, and a hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission transmission system (HMCVT) according to the shifting mode.
  • a manual transmission transmission system a power uninterrupted automatic transmission transmission transmission system
  • a hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission transmission system HMCVT
  • the manual shift transmission system is used.
  • the tractor using the manual transmission transmission system needs to stop and shift frequently to meet the requirements of the traction force and speed of the farm tool operation, and the work intensity of the employees.
  • the speed of the engine is directly related to the speed of the vehicle.
  • the change of the speed of the whole vehicle leads to a large range of engine speed changes, and the engine cannot work within a stable and economical speed range, resulting in high fuel consumption and poor emissions. , Vibration and wear.
  • the tractor power uninterrupted automatic shifting transmission system refers to the shifting process under the vehicle driving condition where the power from the engine to the gearbox is not interrupted; the wet multi-plate clutch is used as the shifting actuator.
  • the two clutches of the gear shift are separated and combined in sequence according to the change of the controlled oil pressure, so that the vehicle can be shifted without stopping when the vehicle is under load. Strength, improved control comfort and work efficiency. But there are main disadvantages as follows:
  • the engine speed of the uninterrupted power automatic shifting powertrain is directly related to the vehicle speed.
  • the change of vehicle speed results in a wide range of engine speed changes, the engine cannot work in a stable and economical speed range, and the engine has high fuel consumption, poor emissions, and large vibration and wear.
  • the tractor Due to the large number of operating requirements and the large number of gears, the tractor requires a large number of clutches and proportional valves.
  • the global automatic gearbox requires 8 clutches and 8 hydraulic proportional valves;
  • the shifting performance of this type of drive train needs to be debugged and calibrated on a special factory test bench.
  • the wear of the clutch increases, the shift control time changes, the smoothness becomes worse, and shifts occur. shock.
  • the drive train has complex structure, high price, difficult price reduction and high maintenance cost. Due to the price, in the advanced countries in the world, power shift drive trains are mostly used in 80-200Hp tractor products.
  • the traditional power shift gearbox is a step-by-step transmission with a single power line to achieve super crawling gear (ultra-low speed), and a lot of complicated reduction gear trains are added.
  • the stepless transmission during main operations such as rotary tillage cannot be realized, that is, it cannot theoretically match the optimal driving speed of the rotary tiller.
  • the hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) is adopted, which is composed of hydraulic piston variable pump/motor/multi-row planetary mechanism/wet clutch and brake.
  • the main advantages are: the power of the engine (1) is divided into Two power routes, one is the mechanical power route, the power is directly transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox (4); the other is the hydraulic power route, after the machine-hydraulic-mechanical power conversion process, it is completely Convergence of power; through the principle of power diversion and confluence, the torque and speed of the drive train can be automatically and continuously changed according to the vehicle speed and traction requirements, ensuring the traction and speed requirements of the vehicle when shifting.
  • the drive train realizes the stepless automatic change of the vehicle drive train, with low operating intensity for employees, good operating comfort, high operating efficiency and high quality; due to the complete decoupling (irrelevant) of engine speed and torque from vehicle speed and traction force , the engine can work stably in the low fuel consumption area, with little vibration and good emissions.
  • This drive train (HMCVT) mainly has the following disadvantages:
  • the high-pressure variable piston pump/motor, proportional valve, etc. used in the transmission system are precision hydraulic couplers, which have very high requirements on assembly cleanliness, use cleanliness, and maintenance cleanliness. Special hydraulic oil is required, and the use and maintenance costs are high. ;
  • the system gearbox adopts multi-row planetary mechanism and wet clutch or brake to realize 4-6 gear area change.
  • the system has a large number of parts and a complex structure.
  • the key technology of the system is basically mastered by foreign companies.
  • the products mainly rely on imports.
  • the cost of the drive train is high and price reduction is difficult.
  • the transmission efficiency of the power train is low, and the maximum can only reach about 80%, which is lower than other power trains and has poor fuel economy.
  • HMCVT hydraulic machinery continuously variable transmission
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric drive tractor CVT power assembly with a rear-mounted electric PTO structure, which aims to realize the decoupling of the engine, the vehicle speed and the PTO transmission box through the structural design of the power assembly.
  • the invention provides an electric drive tractor CVT power assembly with a rear-mounted electric PTO structure, comprising: an engine, a generator, a first motor, a second motor, a third motor, a fourth motor, a PTO motor, and a PTO transmission box and an energy storage unit; the first motor, the second motor, the third motor and the fourth motor are wheel side motors, the first motor is connected to the left front wheel through a transmission shaft, and the second motor is driven by a transmission shaft It is connected to the right front wheel in a transmission, the third motor is connected to the left rear wheel through a transmission shaft, and the fourth motor is connected to the right rear wheel through a transmission shaft.
  • the engine is connected to the generator, and the generator It is a flywheel integrated motor, and the PTO motor is connected with the PTO transmission box to provide output power; the energy storage unit is connected to the first motor, the second motor, the third motor, the fourth motor, the PTO motor and the generator respectively. connect.
  • the present invention also includes: a high-voltage power distribution box, the energy storage unit is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution box, and the energy storage unit is also connected to the first motor, the second motor, the first motor, the third motor, and the first motor through the high-voltage power distribution box.
  • the third motor, the fourth motor, the PTO motor and the generator are electrically connected.
  • the present invention also includes: a charging and discharging interface, the charging and discharging interface is electrically connected with the high-voltage power distribution box.
  • the electric drive tractor CVT power assembly with the rear-mounted electric PTO structure provided by the present invention utilizes the characteristics of the motor with low speed, high torque and wide rotational speed range, does not switch gears of the gearbox, and directly uses the motor to adjust the speed, thereby realizing a smooth operation process. Infinitely variable speed.
  • the motor has the characteristics of low speed, high torque and wide speed regulation range, which realizes the decoupling of engine speed and vehicle speed, and has high working efficiency. Small turning radius: Wheels on each side are individually controlled, time-sharing and full-time four-wheel drive.
  • the motor is reversed, which is convenient for reversing; high transmission efficiency (relative to HMCVT); battery auxiliary power supply, short-term overload capacity of the motor, strong climbing ability; large motor torque, good engine starting performance; fast start of the vehicle and good acceleration;
  • the motor runs stably at low speed, enabling the tractor to crawl at ultra-low speed; the engine speed and vehicle speed are decoupled, and combined with energy recovery, fuel saving can be achieved during driving; when the load is small such as turning during the operation process, energy recovery can be achieved to achieve fuel saving.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the electric drive tractor CVT powertrain of the rear-mounted electric PTO structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit wiring of the electric drive tractor CVT powertrain with the rear-mounted electric PTO structure according to the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric-driven tractor CVT powertrain with a rear-mounted electric PTO structure, as shown in FIG. 1, including: an engine 101, a generator 102, a first motor 105, a second motor 107, The third motor 110, the fourth motor 112, the PTO motor 103, the PTO gearbox 104 and the energy storage unit 113; the first motor 105, the second motor 107, the third motor 110 and the fourth motor 112 are wheel-side motors, exemplary Yes, the wheel motor can adopt the structure disclosed in the prior art (publication number: CN110962581A); the first motor 105 is drivingly connected to the left front wheel 106 through the transmission shaft, and the second motor 107 is drivingly connected to the right front wheel 108 through the transmission shaft.
  • the third motor 110 is drivingly connected with the left rear wheel 109 through the transmission shaft
  • the fourth motor 112 is drivingly connected with the right rear wheel 111 through the transmission shaft
  • the engine 101 is drivingly connected with the generator 102 to generate electricity and store it in the energy storage unit 113
  • Electric energy the engine 101 and the left front wheel 106, the right front wheel 108, the left rear wheel 109, the right rear wheel 111 and the PTO transmission box 104 realize the transmission decoupling, so as to realize the decoupling of the engine, the vehicle speed and the PTO
  • the generator 102 adopts a flywheel
  • the integrated motor exemplarily, the flywheel integrated motor can adopt the structure disclosed in the prior art (publication number: CN207573184U);
  • the PTO motor 103 and the PTO transmission box 104 are drive-connected to provide output power;
  • the energy storage unit 113 is connected to the The first motor 105 , the second motor 107 , the third motor 110 , the fourth motor 112 , the PTO motor
  • a high-voltage power distribution box 114 can also be used.
  • the electric box 114 is respectively electrically connected with the first motor 105, the second motor 107, the third motor 110, the fourth motor 112, the PTO motor 103 and the generator 102, and the high-voltage distribution box 114 can transmit the electrical energy converted by the generator 102 to
  • the energy storage unit 113 and the high-voltage power distribution box 114 can also distribute the electrical energy of the energy storage unit 113 to the first motor 105, the second motor 107, the third motor 110, the fourth motor 112 and the PTO motor 103;
  • the high-voltage power distribution box 114 may adopt the existing commercial products or the devices disclosed in the prior art (publication number: CN108657088A).
  • a charging and discharging interface 115 can also be assembled.
  • the charging and discharging interface 115 is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution box 114 , and peripheral devices can be realized through the charging and discharging interface 115 . Charging, the energy storage unit 113 can also be charged.
  • references in this specification to "some embodiments,” “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment,” etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, or property described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in some embodiments,” “in one embodiment,” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or properties may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Thus, particular features, structures, or properties shown or described in connection with one embodiment may be combined, in whole or in part, with the features, structures, or properties of one or more other embodiments without limitation, provided that the combination is not non-limiting. Logical or not working. In addition, various elements in the drawings of the present application are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，包括：发动机（101）、发电机（102）、第一电机（105）、第二电机（107）、第三电机（110）、第四电机（112）、PTO电机（103）、PTO传动箱（104）和储能单元（113）；第一电机（105）、第二电机（107）、第三电机（110）和第四电机（112）为轮边电机，发动机（101）与发电机（102）传动连接，发电机（102）为飞轮集成式电机，PTO电机（103）与PTO传动箱（104）传动连接用于提供输出动力；储能单元（113）分别与第一电机（105）、第二电机（107）、第三电机（110）、第四电机（112）、PTO电机（103）和发电机（102）电连接。

Description

一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成 技术领域
本发明属于传动技术领域，具体涉及一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成。
背景技术
现有拖拉机传动***按换挡方式分为手动换挡传动系，动力不间断自动换挡传动系，液压机械无级变速传动系(HMCVT)。
采用手动换挡传动系，拖拉机田间作业时，由于土地阻力变化大，整机负荷变化大，采用手动换挡传动系的拖拉机需要频繁停车换挡，以满足农具作业牵引力及速度要求，员工工作强度大，作业效率低，作业质量不稳定；同时，发动机转速与车辆速度直接相关，整车速度变化导致发动机转速变化范围大，发动机不能工作在一个稳定经济的转速范围内，导致油耗高、排放差、震动磨损大。
采用拖拉机动力不间断自动换挡传动系，指发动机到变速箱的动力不中断的车辆行驶条件下，进行的换挡过程；采用湿式多片离合器作为换挡执行机构，需要挡位变换时，换挡的两个离合器按照控制油压的变化，顺序分开与结合两个离合器，在车辆负载行驶中实现不停车换挡，解决了手动换挡传动系作业时停车换挡的问题，减少了员工作业强度、提高了操控舒适性及作业效率。但存在主要缺点如下：
动力不间断自动换挡传动系发动机转速与车辆速度直接相关，车辆速度变 化导致发动机转速变化范围大，发动机不能工作在一个稳定经济的转速范围内，发动机油耗高、排放差、震动磨损大。
拖拉机由于作业要求多，挡位数量多，该种传动系结构需要的离合器数量及比例阀很多，以160马力16挡变速箱为例：全域自动变速箱需要8个离合器8个液压比例阀；由于一致性的原因，该型传动系的换挡性能需在专用出厂试验台上调试标定，随着使用时间的增长，离合器磨损增加，换挡控制时间发生了改变，平顺性变差，产生换挡冲击。
目前，这些***的技术基本被国外公司掌握并主要依靠进口，该传动系结构复杂、价格高、降价难、维修成本高。由于价格的原因，世界先进国家，动力换挡传动系多应用在80-200Hp拖拉机产品上。
传统动力换挡变速箱，是单功率路线有级式传动，实现超级爬行挡(超低速)，要加很多繁复的减速轮系。并且，不能实现旋耕等主要作业时的无级传动，也就是理论上不能匹配到与旋耕机最佳的行驶速度。
采用液压机械无级变速传动系(HMCVT)，该传动系由液压柱塞变量泵/马达/多排行星机构/湿式离合器及制动器组成，主要优点是：通过行星排对发动机(1)功率分流成两条功率路线，一条是机械功率路线，功率直接传递到变速箱(4)输入轴；一条是液压功率路线，经机-液-机功率转换过程后，与变速箱(4)输入轴实现全部功率的汇流；通过功率分流、汇流原理，实现传动系扭矩、转速按照车辆速度与牵引力要求自动连续变化，保证车辆变速时的牵引力与速度要求。该传动系(HMCVT)实现了车辆传动系无级自动变化，员工操作强度低，操作舒适性好，作业效率、质量高；由于发动机转速、扭矩与整车速度、牵引力完全解耦(不相关)，发动机可以稳定的工作在低油耗区域，震动小、排放好。
该传动系(HMCVT)主要存在如下缺点：
该传动系所采用的高压变量柱塞泵/马达、比例阀等属于精密液压偶件，对装配净洁度、使用清洁度、保养维护清洁度要求非常高，需要专用液压油，使用维护费用高昂；
该***变速箱采用多排行星机构与湿式离合器或制动器，实现4-6个挡位的区域变换，该***零件数量多，结构复杂，***关键技术基本被国外公司掌握，产品主要依靠进口，该传动系成本高、降价难。
该传动系的传动效率低，最大仅能达到80％左右，较其他传动系效率低，燃油经济性较差。
由于价格与使用维护的原因，该***在中国市场使用量非常少。由于价格的原因，世界先进国家，液压机械无级变速传动系(HMCVT)，多应用在200--400Hp拖拉机产品上。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，旨在通过动力总成的架构设计实现发动机与车速、PTO传动箱的解耦。
为实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
本发明提供了一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，包括：发动机、发电机、第一电机、第二电机、第三电机、第四电机、PTO电机、PTO传动箱和储能单元；所述第一电机、第二电机、第三电机和第四电机为轮边电机，所述第一电机通过传动轴与左前轮传动连接，所述第二电机通过传动轴与右前轮传动连接，所述第三电机通过传动轴与左后轮传动连接，所述第四电机 通过传动轴与右后轮传动连接；所述发动机与发电机传动连接，所述发电机为飞轮集成式电机，所述PTO电机与PTO传动箱传动连接用于提供输出动力；所述储能单元分别与第一电机、第二电机、第三电机、第四电机、PTO电机和发电机电连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括：高压配电盒，所述储能单元与高压配电盒电连接，所述储能单元还通过高压配电盒分别与第一电机、第二电机、第三电机、第四电机、PTO电机和发电机电连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括：充放电接口，所述充放电接口与高压配电盒电连接。
本发明的优点：
本发明提供的后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，利用电机低速大扭矩、转速范围宽的特性，不进行变速箱档位切换，直接使用电机调速，实现了作业过程的无级变速。电机低速大扭矩和调速范围宽的特性，实现发动机转速和车速解耦，作业效率高。转弯半径小：每一侧车轮单独控制，分时、全时四驱。电机反转，倒车便捷；传动效率高(相对HMCVT)；电池辅助供电，电机短时过载能力，爬坡过坎能力强；电机扭矩大，发动机启动性能好；整车起步快，加速性好；电机低速稳定运行，实现拖拉机超低速爬行；发动机转速和车速解耦，结合能量回收，行驶过程可以实现节油；利用作业过程转弯等负荷小的时候，可以能力回收，实现节油。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成的结构示意图；
图2为本发明所述的后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成的电路接线示意图。
图中：101-发动机，102-发电机，103-PTO电机，104-PTO传动箱，105-第一电机，106-左前轮，107-第二电机，108-右前轮，109-左后轮，110-第三电机，111-右后轮，112-第四电机，113-储能单元，114-高压配电盒，115-充放电接口。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的，技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图通过具体实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的实施例中提供了一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，如图1所示，包括：发动机101、发电机102、第一电机105、第二电机107、第三电机110、第四电机112、PTO电机103、PTO传动箱104和储能单元113；第一电机105、第二电机107、第三电机110和第四电机112为轮边电机，示例性的，轮边电机可以采用现有技术(公开号：CN110962581A)中公开的结构；第一电机105通过传动轴与左前轮106传动连接，第二电机107通过传动轴与右前轮108传动连接，第三电机110通过传动轴与左后轮109传动连接，第四电机112通过传动轴与右后轮111传动连接；发动机101与发电机102传动连接用以发电并向储能单元113中存储电能，发动机101与左前轮106、右前轮 108、左后轮109、右后轮111以及PTO传动箱104实现传动解耦，从而实现发动机与车速以及PTO的解耦；发电机102采用飞轮集成式电机，示例性的，飞轮集成式电机可以采用现有技术(公开号：CN207573184U)中公开的结构；PTO电机103与PTO传动箱104传动连接用于提供输出动力；储能单元113分别与第一电机105、第二电机107、第三电机110、第四电机112、PTO电机103和发电机102电连接，用于吸收发电机102输送的电能，以及向第一电机105、第二电机107、第三电机110、第四电机112和PTO电机103提供电能。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，为了更优地组织分配能量，还可以采用高压配电盒114，储能单元113与高压配电盒114电连接，储能单元113还通过高压配电盒114分别与第一电机105、第二电机107、第三电机110、第四电机112、PTO电机103和发电机102电连接，高压配电盒114可以将发电机102转化的电能传输给储能单元113,高压配电盒114还可以将储能单元113的电能分配给第一电机105、第二电机107、第三电机110、第四电机112和PTO电机103；本实施例中的高压配电盒114可以采用现有市售产品也可以采用现有技术(公开号：CN108657088A)中公开的装置。
在一个实施例中，请继续参考图2，为了更优地进行充放电，还可以装配充放电接口115，充放电接口115与高压配电盒114电连接，通过充放电接口115可以实现对外设充电，也可以实现对储能单元113进行充电。
本说明书中针对“一些实施例”、“一个实施例”、或“实施例”等的参考指代的是结合实施例所描述的特定特征、结构、或性质包括在至少一个实施例中。因此，短语“在一些实施例中”、“在一个实施例中”、或“在实施例中”等在整个说明书中各地方的出现并非必须指代相同的实施例。此外，特定特征、结构、 或性质可以在一个或多个实施例中以任何合适方式组合。因此，结合一个实施例中所示出或描述的特定特征、结构或性质可以整体地或部分地与一个或多个其他实施例的特征、结构、或性质无限制地组合，只要该组合不是非逻辑性的或不能工作。另外，本申请附图中的各个元素仅仅为了示意说明，并非按比例绘制。
由此描述了本发明的至少一个实施例的几个方面，可以理解，对本领域技术人员来说容易地进行各种改变、修改和改进。这种改变、修改和改进意于在本发明的精神和范围内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，其特征在于，包括：发动机、发电机、第一电机、第二电机、第三电机、第四电机、PTO电机、PTO传动箱和储能单元；所述第一电机、第二电机、第三电机和第四电机为轮边电机，所述第一电机通过传动轴与左前轮传动连接，所述第二电机通过传动轴与右前轮传动连接，所述第三电机通过传动轴与左后轮传动连接，所述第四电机通过传动轴与右后轮传动连接；所述发动机与发电机传动连接，所述发电机为飞轮集成式电机，所述PTO电机与PTO传动箱传动连接用于提供输出动力；所述储能单元分别与第一电机、第二电机、第三电机、第四电机、PTO电机和发电机电连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，其特征在于，还包括：高压配电盒，所述储能单元与高压配电盒电连接，所述储能单元还通过高压配电盒分别与第一电机、第二电机、第三电机、第四电机、PTO电机和发电机电连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的后挂电PTO结构的电驱式拖拉机CVT动力总成，其特征在于，还包括：充放电接口，所述充放电接口与高压配电盒电连接。
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