WO2022193032A1 - System and method for monitoring the presence or absence of a tooth of a bucket in a truck hopper and in a primary crusher - Google Patents

System and method for monitoring the presence or absence of a tooth of a bucket in a truck hopper and in a primary crusher Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022193032A1
WO2022193032A1 PCT/CL2021/050019 CL2021050019W WO2022193032A1 WO 2022193032 A1 WO2022193032 A1 WO 2022193032A1 CL 2021050019 W CL2021050019 W CL 2021050019W WO 2022193032 A1 WO2022193032 A1 WO 2022193032A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless signal
tooth
shovel
cabin
bucket
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2021/050019
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joel Alexis TARDÓN VEGA
Original Assignee
Tardon Vega Joel Alexis
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tardon Vega Joel Alexis filed Critical Tardon Vega Joel Alexis
Priority to PE2022000575A priority Critical patent/PE20221608A1/en
Publication of WO2022193032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193032A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/42Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/24Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26Indicating devices
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18Status alarms

Definitions

  • the present invention discloses a system and method for monitoring the presence or absence of the bucket tooth, in order to detect its presence in a truck hopper and primary crusher.
  • the extraction of copper mineral from the deposit to the obtaining of the cathode or concentrate follows a series of industrial processes, it begins with blasting, which allows the rock to be fragmented, through the use of explosives, in order to obtain a material with a smaller grain size. This material is transported to the crusher, with the help of shovels or loaders of different types and trucks.
  • the shovels fill a volume of up to 120 tons, depending on the shovel model used, this material is later discharged in the discharge area of a crusher. These mining shovels cannot be stopped, because the supply of raw material for the crushing process and other mineral processing areas depends on their operation.
  • One of the most affected pieces in the shovels when extracting and loading the mineral in the hoppers of the extraction trucks, are the bucket teeth, whose weight ranges from 90 to 135 Kg, being 9 of these joined by adapters to the lip of the bucket.
  • these electronic sensors can be: 2D or 3D cameras, ferromagnetic sensors, laser distance meter, ultrasonic sensors or other distance measurement sensor.
  • CL201901082 defines a bucket tooth control and monitoring system, generating alarms for detachment of the bucket tooth and generating alarms on the shovel due to detachment and generating an alarm for the presence of said tooth in the hopper of a mineral extraction truck, that transports said ore to the crushing area, where master and slave modules are considered, the master modules are located in the shovels and in the hopper trucks that transport the material; the slave modules are inserted in the teeth, they will have a unique ID and their geographical coordinate of the teeth; the master and slave modules will connect to each other creating a network of nodes that will share their data and the masters will be able to execute response protocols to this data and generate a closed local network to which the slave modules that will be inserted in the teeth of a shovel
  • CL201100274 defines an alarm system to detect the detachment of teeth and/or adapters in backhoe shovel buckets, this alarm system to detect the detachment of teeth and/or adapters in backhoe shovel buckets, comprises: a sensor - transmitter, located either in each tooth and its respective adapter of the blades, or only in the adapter, where said sensor-transmitter comprises: a sensor-transmitter power supply; an adapter sensor and a tooth sensor, which monitor and detect detachment of the tooth and/or adapter; an encoder, which encodes the information coming from the sensors; a transmitter module; and a receiver-decoder, located in the operating cabin of the backhoe equipment, which comprises: a receiver module; a power supply of a receiver; a signal inverter; and a decoder; where, in the sensor-transmitter, the encoder programs a code to be transmitted and sends said encoding to the transmitter module, which then sends the information to the receiver-encoder
  • CL200501334 defines a system to detect the loss of teeth and bucket adapters in mining operations, it comprises a sensor module for tension, torsion and extension of a line or cable intended to support said bucket with a wireless receiver connected to the controller computer located in loader's cabin.
  • This system to detect the fall or loss of teeth and adapters of buckets or excavator shovels or loaders used in mining operations that is made up of a sensor module for tension, torsion and extension of a line or cable intended to support said bucket or shovel and wireless receiver.
  • CL201601260 defines a system to monitor wear parts in soil work equipment, it comprises an electronic sensor in a bucket wall, a device that receives information from the sensor and makes a determination and performance of a wear part that excavate, monitoring process”.
  • This patent defines a process and tool to monitor the condition, wear and performance of wear parts used in soil working equipment, the process and tool allow the operator to optimize the performance of the soil working equipment, the tool has a clear line of sight for wear parts during use and can be integrated with a bucket or shovel into soil working equipment.
  • CL201401897 defines a monitoring system for the automatic detection of ferromagnetic elements hidden in the mineral load, during the loading and/or unloading of a container, said system comprises at least one magnetic field sensor, a computer, a channel of short-range communication, a display, a long-range communication channel, a power source and auxiliary sensors, this invention defines an automatic monitoring system for the detection of hidden ferromagnetic elements in the ore load in motion in mobile equipment or semi-mobile before unloading to a crusher, which acts during the loading or unloading of a container and includes the following components: a. at least one magnetic field sensor to detect automatically and in real time the disturbances of the local magnetic field in the three directions of space; b.
  • a computer that collects and processes the data
  • d. a display that provides information on the status of the monitoring system, and that incorporates a light and/or sound alarm; and. a long-range communication channel between the user and the computer, of the wired or wireless type
  • F. a power source such as a portable battery or a fixed and/or mobile power connection
  • auxiliary sensors optionally, auxiliary sensors.
  • US8411930B2 consisting of a system that includes an image capture device to capture images of the machine and a processor to process the captured images.
  • the System may further include a sensitive output to provide an indication of a damaged or missing machine part.
  • the method includes capturing images of the machine against a background that moves relative to the machine over time, selecting a time-separated pair of images from the captured images, generating a scrolling image with a model of the machine, and identifying a damaged or missing machine part from the comparison of the displacement image with the machine model.
  • US10008095B2 describes a system for monitoring the presence of a ground contact tool in relation to a machine, on a job site.
  • the system includes a sensor operatively coupled to the grounding tool, a signal receiver, and a controller.
  • the sensor is configured to transmit a wireless identification signal.
  • the controller is configured to receive a signal received from the signal receiver; the received signal based on the wireless identification signal and having a signal strength.
  • the controller is configured to determine a signal attenuation power of the received signal, as a function of the signal power relative to the transmit power, determining a relative location of the grounding tool and one or more fault conditions based on signal attenuation power.
  • US20130026263A1 consists of a method for analyzing minerals received inside a mining shovel bucket, including the collection of data associated with the mineral received in the bucket. Where the bucket includes at least one active sensor, where the ore is within an active sensor field. The method further includes determining a content of the minerals to a decision support system and classifying or processing the mineral based on an output from the decision support system.
  • the collection of data associated with the minerals may include generating source signals, applying the source signals to the active sensor, collecting a response from the active sensor, and comparing the response to a reference or threshold, and other accompanying features are described.
  • US8284096B2 describes a system and method for detecting non-crushable metallic pieces hidden inside a mineral load directly inside a transport device to a primary crusher includes a directionally adjustable radar that has at least one device with antennas emitting / receiving electromagnetic waves, a portal through which the transport device passes, a spectral generator/analyzer connected to the antenna devices that generates the electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes of the electromagnetic waves that interact with the mineral charge, and a computational device that includes a digital signal processor connected to the spectral generator/analyzer.
  • W02016008059A1 describes a monitoring system for the detection of ferromagnetic elements hidden in a mineral load during loading and/or unloading of a container, said system comprising: at least one magnetic field sensor for automatic and real-time detection of disturbances in the local magnetic field; a computer that compiles and processes data using software; a short-range wired or wireless communication channel located between the nodes and the computer; a screen incorporating a light and/or sound alarm; a long-range wired or wireless communication channel between the user and the computer; a portable battery type power supply or a connection to a fixed and/or mobile power supply; and optionally auxiliary sensors.
  • WO2012116408A1 consisting of a detection system to detect the loss of a component of tools in contact with the ground, of an earthmoving or extraction machine, the system comprising a radiofrequency identification tag that can be secured to the component, and one or more tag reading stations that include a radio frequency identification tag reader to read the tag.
  • US6990390B2 describes a method and apparatus for detecting a change in a work tool with a coupling part, this control system detects a change in the relationship between the coupling part of the work tool and at least one of the work tool and another work tool coupling part. If the change is greater than a predetermined value, the control system produces an error signal.
  • US20100096148A1 defines a system for determining the position of a tool mounted on an excavating machine, including a monitoring device and several independent position sensing devices, each of which includes: A fixing face that includes fixing elements flush against an articulated component of the machine, a wireless communication module that sends data to the monitoring device, an independent electrical power supply, a processing unit, an electronic module with angular position sensors.
  • the devices are distributed in such a way that each one is located in a different articulated part of the machine. The devices do not need cables and are easy to install.
  • the signals emitted by the devices are received by the monitoring device, which calculates a set point to position the tool. The set point is displayed on a screen for an operator located in a cab to see.
  • US20040227645A1 defines a motion detector and signal transmitter for use in an apparatus for detecting and reporting dislocation of heavy mining equipment.
  • the motion detector has an electromagnetic transducer that detects relative motion between two metal parts that are normally held together in contact with the surface.
  • US20150284935A1 refers to a method for detecting the presence of stone crushing tools in earth moving machines, in which at least one RFID tag is arranged on the tool executing at least one periodic radio communication with a reader. The interruption and/or absence of it generates an alarm signal as an indication of a tool that does not work or breaks.
  • WO2013/033164A1 to the monitoring of a machine tooth for heavy equipment by attaching an RFID tag to the heavy machine tooth and placing an RFID reader to read the RFID tag.
  • the RFID reader provides an indication that the heavy machine tooth is separated from the heavy machine.
  • the heavy machine tooth is configured, for example, to mount to a bucket of a heavy machine.
  • US20150284935A1 , WO2013/033164A1 have the drawback that, being direct methods of detecting the fall or detachment of the tooth, these sensors could present certain anomalies that occur due to being present in a very aggressive environment (mine operation) and it is very likely that technological devices are damaged or exceed their operational limits, causing false positives as well as false negatives, these false ones can trigger the activation of alarms that could stop production. While these methods can identify missing teeth with good sensitivity, they produce an unacceptable number of false alarms, causing equipment operators to ignore alerts entirely. In some cases, a false positive rate (FPR) of 25%.
  • FPR false positive rate
  • the quality of the captured images is compromised by a variety of factors. Dusty operating conditions and variations in lighting, location and orientation of a shovel bucket, and background composition can make a shovel's teeth difficult to distinguish from the material behind. Additionally, the biting edge of a shovel bucket is often partially or completely obscured by material removed during operation, which can cause a flaw detection algorithm to produce undesirable results. In addition to the image quality challenges, the problem itself does not fall neatly into the traditional object detection paradigm because the target object is an anomalous hue of the image subject.
  • the present invention proposes detection using wireless signals, specifically electromagnetic waves, considering that the mining environment is heterogeneous, with great interaction between machine, mineral, air, dust particles, rocks, metals, etc.
  • a close document is patent US10008095B2, this document protects a system for monitoring the presence of a tool in contact with the ground in relation to a machine.
  • the system includes a sensor operatively coupled to the grounding tool, a signal receiver, and a controller.
  • the sensor is configured to transmit a wireless identification signal.
  • the controller is configured to receive a signal received from the signal receiver; the received signal based on the wireless identification signal and having a signal strength.
  • the controller is configured to determine a received signal attenuation power, based on the signal power relative to the transmit power, determine a relative location of the grounding tool, and one or more fault conditions based on the signal attenuation power.
  • the technology described in this application is based on the detection of a wireless signal, it is based on another principle, on the decay of the wireless signal, which refers to the “Decrease in signal amplitude over time”, determined by quadranging the signal.
  • the main disadvantage of this approach is that the decay of the signal is implemented in a heterogeneous environment (mine operation), where the electromagnetic wave presents variations in the propagation medium, air, regions with a greater amount of dust, areas with ascending and descending winds, etc.
  • Another problem that can be observed a priori is that it does not address the problem of what happens with quadrangulation, when a second tooth falls out.
  • the solution proposed in this application consists of a detection and monitoring system for the presence or absence of a shovel tooth in the hopper of a truck and in a primary crusher.
  • This system comprises a plurality of devices that interact with each other, allowing the presence of the blade tooth to be determined through an algorithm that, by establishing a WIFI communication link, detects the presence of the device.
  • the devices incorporate a WIFI communication module, which allows communication links to be established with wireless signal receiving devices, which are located in the operator's cabin of a shovel, the operator's cabin of a mine extraction truck and the operator's cabin. operator of a primary crusher.
  • shovel tooth monitoring system will be provided in reference to the loss of a tooth from a bucket of a shovel in the process of loading and transporting ore to its destination, access area of a primary crusher, it will be apparent that it may also have broader applications.
  • FIGURE 1 Consists of a side view of a shovel (10), where you can see the bucket (2) where they are inserted in the tooth (5) and the wireless signal emitting device and an extension of the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), where the wireless signal receiving device is located.
  • FIGURE 2 Consisting of a side view of an extraction truck (50), where an enlarged image shows the operator's cabin of a truck (20), where the wireless signal receiving device is located.
  • FIGURE 3 Consisting of a view, which exemplifies the mineral loading process (100), in which a shovel (10) can be seen, which is loading mineral to an extraction truck (50), the loss of a tooth (5), where the signal emitting device is inserted (it emits the signal and how it is detected by the wireless signal receiving device located in the operator's cabin of a truck) (20).
  • FIGURE 4 Consisting of a view, which exemplifies the primary crushing process (1000), in which an ore extraction truck (50), unloads its ore in the primary crusher (500), in which it can be seen as the tooth (5), where the signal emitting device is inserted (it emits the signal and how it is detected by the wireless signal receiving device located in the operator's cabin of a crusher) (150).
  • FIGURE 5 Comprises an algorithm operation flowchart, in which the input data, processing and actions to be executed are described.
  • the present invention relates to a system and method for detecting the detachment of the tooth (5) from the bucket (2), in order to detect its presence in the ore extraction and loading area (100), as well as subsequently in the primary crushing area (1000).
  • This system comprises a plurality of devices that interact with each other, as detailed below:
  • At least one wireless signal emitting device located in the tooth (5) of a shovel (10) comprising a first microcontroller in addition to a first integrated memory chip, which is used to store selected data of identification code and registers of connection established or connection failed, where the first microcontroller controls the electromagnetic signal emission module, and where all the components of the device are integrated into a first printed circuit board, which is mainly made of fiberglass or Teflon (FR -4 or PTFE), and which has integrated a first wireless communication antenna, a global positioning module (GPS) and a lithium battery, it also includes electronic power means to control a battery and the voltage levels of the components before mentioned,
  • a first printed circuit board which is mainly made of fiberglass or Teflon (FR -4 or PTFE)
  • GPS global positioning module
  • lithium battery it also includes electronic power means to control a battery and the voltage levels of the components before mentioned
  • At least one first device for receiving the wireless signal located in the cabin of a shovel comprising a second microcontroller, which fulfills the function of controlling the wireless communication, a first module for receiving the wireless signal and a first memory storage medium, both internal and external, removable and assembled on a second printed circuit board, mainly made of fiberglass or Teflon (FR-4 or PTFE) that allows the connection between all the components of the electronic circuit of the device for receiving the wireless signal, located in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), also comprises first connector means, preferably Jack barrel connector means, comprising visual and audible alarm means, and a second wireless antenna,
  • first connector means preferably Jack barrel connector means, comprising visual and audible alarm means, and a second wireless antenna
  • second connector means preferably Jack barrel connector means, comprising visual and audible alarm means, and a connector means for a third wireless antenna.
  • At least a third device for receiving the wireless signal located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150) comprising a fourth microcontroller that controls wireless communication, a third module for receiving the wireless signal and a third means of communication.
  • At least one wireless integration device comprising a platform that can be a laptop, tablet, smartphone or any device that allows the implementation of an application and wireless connections, and configured with an application that functions as an interface for a human operator that allows the configuration of replacement and installation of said at least one first to third devices mentioned above, that is, of said at least one emitting device of the wireless signal located in the tooth of a shovel (5), of said at least one first wireless signal receiving device located in the cabin of a shovel (6), said at least one second signal receiving device located in the cabin of a truck (20) and said at least one third device signal receiver located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150), being able to configure said human operator, at least one of the following functionalities des: display of the status of said at least first to third devices, data of the teeth, record of operations carried out in the system, list of teeth available for replacement, etc.
  • the system works as an integrated network, where said devices, at least from the first to the fifth device, interact with each other, and where as many wireless signal emitting devices can be located, as there are teeth on the blade (10), where the microcontroller, electromagnetic emission, first communication antenna and global positioning module (GPS), of said at least one first device, allows generating the location coordinates of the teeth, battery status and the electronic means associated with it
  • the microcontroller stores and executes an operating algorithm (Fig.5) that allows process the location data and the times in which the electromagnetic emission module enters energy saving mode and the times in which the emitting device enters active mode, where said algorithm (Fig.5) creates a local Wi-Fi network that allows each transmitting device located in the blade tooth to establish communication under the prioritized wireless communication protocol.
  • the present method for detecting the detachment of the tooth (5) from the bucket (2) in order to detect its presence in the ore extraction and loading area (100), as well as later in the primary crushing area (1000), shown in Figure 5, and is specifically designed to generate a local Wi-Fi network connection, which allows each of said at least one emitting device located in the blade tooth, to establish communication under a communication protocol wireless prioritized. Said protocol searches for access points with said at least one first to third wireless signal receiving device.
  • This area considers the corresponding distance from the tooth of a shovel (5) to the cabin, a distance corresponding to 40 meters.
  • the identification code (ID) is stored in said first, second and third memory means of said at least one first, second and third receiving devices of the wireless signal, that is, said at least one first to third receiving device located in : the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), the operator's cabin of a truck (20) and the operator's cabin of a crusher (150).
  • the algorithm activates the emitting device, exiting the energy saving mode ("mode " sleep”). (Fig.5)
  • This state of energy saving mode or hibernation cycle refers to an ultra low consumption protocol in which the first microcontroller deactivates all the functions of said at least one transmitting device of both the general ones: (transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, LED lights) and the internal ones (memory, digital inputs and outputs), with the exception of the oscillating clock (included within the microcontroller), which performs a defined count that, if fulfilled, triggers the ignition of all the general and internal functions of the microcontroller, which starts, activating the transmission and reception antennas, LED lights, memories, inputs and outputs digitalize the electronic means of said at least one wireless signal emitting device, to then execute the aforementioned algorithm.
  • said at least one wireless signal emitting device is activated, based on the communication and persistence protocol, which consists of establishing a connection between a wireless signal emitting device located in the teeth (5) of a blade (10), with the other devices through the Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) network by FITTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) continuously with pauses designed solely to save battery power in the device signal emitter located in the tooth (5) of a shovel (10), seeks to establish a wireless connection with said at least one wireless signal receiving device located in the cabin of a shovel (6), by establishing communication correctly, that is, when the WiFi link between both devices occurs effectively, allowing the identifier to be sent from the tooth device (5) of a shovel (10), it occurs effectively.
  • the communication and persistence protocol which consists of establishing a connection between a wireless signal emitting device located in the teeth (5) of a blade (10), with the other devices through the Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) network by FITTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
  • iva that is, when the WiFi link, between both devices, occurs effectively, it allows sending the identifier from the tooth (5) of a shovel (10) to the device in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6) by FITTP, sends its identification code (ID) and positioning data, then returns to power saving mode for 45 seconds.
  • the device's microcontroller supervises that the connection pattern is not the same as the one it had before, this means that the tooth left the area of work, for which it will proceed to generate new connection patterns that allow its location, beginning the connection process with the wireless network, which continues in priority, which corresponds to said at least one second wireless signal receiving device located in the cabin of a truck operator (20), in case of not establishing communication with this receiving device, it tries again every 500 milliseconds with a total of 20 attempts, s If it fails to establish communication, the first microcontroller of the wireless signal-emitting device monitors that the connection pattern is not the same, it generates a new connection pattern, with said at least one third wireless signal receiving device that is in
  • Jack barrel connector means comprising visual and audible alarm means in said at least one first receiving device of the wireless signal from the cabin of a shovel (6), because many times, when a tooth falls out of a bucket, it falls in the vicinity of a shovel (10) and is not dangerous for the operational continuity of the mine, the risk is when the tooth that breaks broke off is loaded together with the ore in the loading process (100) or failing that this tooth reaches the primary crushing process (1000) and has contact with the primary crusher (500), causing serious damage to its motor and causing the stoppage of East.
  • Jack barrel connector means comprising visual and audible alarm means in said at least one first receiving device of the wireless signal from the cabin of a shovel (6)
  • said first microcontroller activates the emission of the wireless signal, executing an activation protocol found in the algorithm of the device (Fig. 5) located in the operator's cabin of a truck (20), which allows executing sound and visual alarms in the truck operator device (20), which translates into the activation of horns and lights located in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), in the operator's cabin of a truck ( 20) and the operator's cabin of a crusher (150).
  • All the data generated, from visualization of the status of each of the devices, data of the teeth (electronic identifier of the device, position, connections made, record of operations in each of said devices, list of replacement teeth, etc.) is integrated through a wireless integration device, a platform that can be a laptop, a tablet, a smartphone or any device that allows the implementation of a wireless application and connection. Easy to use, with a user-friendly interface.
  • the bucket tooth detachment monitoring method in order to detect its presence in the ore loading area (100) and primary crushing area (1000), comprises the following stages: a) Installation of the device emitter of the wireless signal of the tooth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), b) installation of the receiving device of the operator's cabin of a shovel (10), c) Installation of the receiving device of the wireless signal in the operator cabin of a truck (20), d) installation of the wireless signal receiving device in the cabin of a crusher (150), e) generation of local WiFi network, f) establish prioritized wireless communication protocol, g) assignment of identification (ID) for each one of the teeth (5), h) establish coordinate of each one of the teeth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), i) Store identification code (ID) of the teeth of the bucket (5) and its geographical coordinate, j) store identification code (ID) of the bucket teeth (5) and its geographical coordinate in the integrated memory chip, k) Activate in case the bucket tooth (5 ) leaves its predestined

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Abstract

Disclosed is a system and method for detecting the presence of a shovel tooth in a hopper of a truck and in a primary crusher, the system comprising: a plurality of devices that interact with each other to determine the presence of the tooth by establishing Wi-Fi communication; and devices that receive wireless signals, located in a cabin for a shovel operator, a cabin of an operator of a mining extraction truck, and a cabin of a primary crusher operator. The data collected (e.g., location of the tooth, identification of the tooth, statues of the battery and operating times) and the analysis thereof allows it to be deduced whether a tooth remains inside the extraction and loading area, whether it is on board a truck, and whether it is approaching the crusher. Depending on the location of the tooth, the system generates different types of records (ID of the device of the nearby tooth, location), activating audio and visual alarms in the devices.

Description

SISTEMA Y MÉTODO DE MONITOREO PARA LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE DIENTE DE BALDE EN UNA TOLVA DE CAMIÓN Y CHANCADOR PRIMARIOMONITORING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF BUCKET TOOTH IN A TRUCK HOPPER AND PRIMARY CRUSHER
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN SCOPE
La presente invención divulga un sistema y método de monitoreo de la presencia o ausencia del diente del balde, con el fin de detectar la presencia de este en una tolva de un camión y chancador primario. The present invention discloses a system and method for monitoring the presence or absence of the bucket tooth, in order to detect its presence in a truck hopper and primary crusher.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La extracción mineral de cobre desde el yacimiento hasta la obtención del cátodo o concentrado sigue una serie de procesos industriales, se inicia con la tronadura, que permite fragmentar la roca, mediante el uso de explosivos, con el fin de obtener un material de menor granulometría, este material es transportado al chancador, con la ayuda de palas o cargadores de diferentes tipo y camiones. The extraction of copper mineral from the deposit to the obtaining of the cathode or concentrate follows a series of industrial processes, it begins with blasting, which allows the rock to be fragmented, through the use of explosives, in order to obtain a material with a smaller grain size. This material is transported to the crusher, with the help of shovels or loaders of different types and trucks.
Las palas llenan un volumen de hasta 120 Ton, dependiendo del modelo de pala utilizado, este material posteriormente es descargado en la zona de descarga de un chancador. Estas palas mineras no pueden ser detenidas, debido a que de su funcionamiento depende el suministro de materia prima, para el proceso de chancado y a las otras áreas de procesamiento del mineral. Una de las piezas más afectadas en las palas al extraer y cargar el mineral en las tolvas de los camiones de extracción, son los dientes del balde, cuyo peso bordea los 90 a los 135 Kg, encontrándose 9 de estos unidos mediante adaptadores al labio del balde y están construidos de acero 533 HB, estos dientes duran entre las 800.000 y 1 .400.000 toneladas removidas, lo que da un tiempo de duración de aproximadamente de 15 a 45 días y suelen desprenderse por el alto impacto contra el mineral a la que son expuestos, también por la dureza del mineral o por desgaste. La pérdida de un diente o adaptador, por caída o por alguna otra razón, puede provocar daños a nivel estructural del montaje del balde. Este daño puede describirse como una mayor deformación de la placa base, sino que también, daños estructurales debido a fisuras en el balde. The shovels fill a volume of up to 120 tons, depending on the shovel model used, this material is later discharged in the discharge area of a crusher. These mining shovels cannot be stopped, because the supply of raw material for the crushing process and other mineral processing areas depends on their operation. One of the most affected pieces in the shovels when extracting and loading the mineral in the hoppers of the extraction trucks, are the bucket teeth, whose weight ranges from 90 to 135 Kg, being 9 of these joined by adapters to the lip of the bucket. bucket and are made of 533 HB steel, these teeth last between 800,000 and 1,400,000 tons removed, which gives a duration time of approximately 15 to 45 days and they usually come off due to the high impact against the mineral to which they are exposed, also by the hardness of the mineral or by wear. Loss of a tooth or adapter, due to a fall or any other reason, can cause structural damage to the bucket assembly. This damage can be described as increased deformation of the base plate, but also structural damage due to cracks in the bucket.
La no detección a tiempo de este elemento desprendido o facturado del balde puede provocar grandes problemas en el área de chancado o molienda, pudiendo originar fallas en el chancador primario y provocar detenciones no programadas, tiempos muertos en la producción y poner en riesgo a los operarios. Este riesgo en los operarios se debe a que una vez que ocurre este suceso, el operario debe ingresar al chancador, buscar el diente de pala perdido y retirarlo del proceso de chancado. Failure to timely detect this detached or billed element from the bucket can cause major problems in the crushing or grinding area, which can cause failures in the primary crusher and cause unscheduled stoppages, downtime in production and put operators at risk. . This risk to operators is due to the fact that once this event occurs, the operator must enter the crusher, look for the lost shovel tooth and remove it from the crushing process.
A la fecha no existe una tecnología que logre detectar de manera adecuada la presencia o ausencia de elementos inchancables en las tolvas de los camiones de extracción y chancador primario. To date, there is no technology that can adequately detect the presence or absence of uncrushable elements in the hoppers of extraction trucks and primary crushers.
En el arte previo se puede mencionar diversas soluciones relacionadas con el uso de sensores electrónicos con el fin de determinar la localización del diente de pala o el componente metálico, estos sensores electrónicos pueden ser: Cámaras de 2D o 3D, sensores ferromagnéticos, medidor de distancia por láser, sensores ultrasónicos u otro sensor de medición de distancia. CL201901082 define un sistema de control y seguimiento del diente de balde, generando alarmas por desprendimiento del diente del balde y generando alarmas en la pala por desprendimiento y generar una alarma por la presencia de dicho diente en la tolva de un camión de extracción de mineral, que transporta dicho mineral al área de chancado, donde se consideran módulos maestros y esclavos, los módulos maestros se encuentran ubicados en las palas y en los camiones tolva que transportan el material; los módulos esclavos se ubican insertos en los dientes, estos tendrán una ID única y su coordenada geográfica de los dientes; los módulos maestros y esclavos se conectarán entre si creando una red de nodos que compartirán sus datos y lo maestros podrán ejecutar protocolos de respuestas a estos datos y generan una red local cerrada a la cual se conectan los módulos esclavos que estarán inserto en los dientes de una pala. In the prior art, various solutions related to the use of electronic sensors can be mentioned in order to determine the location of the blade tooth or the metallic component, these electronic sensors can be: 2D or 3D cameras, ferromagnetic sensors, laser distance meter, ultrasonic sensors or other distance measurement sensor. CL201901082 defines a bucket tooth control and monitoring system, generating alarms for detachment of the bucket tooth and generating alarms on the shovel due to detachment and generating an alarm for the presence of said tooth in the hopper of a mineral extraction truck, that transports said ore to the crushing area, where master and slave modules are considered, the master modules are located in the shovels and in the hopper trucks that transport the material; the slave modules are inserted in the teeth, they will have a unique ID and their geographical coordinate of the teeth; the master and slave modules will connect to each other creating a network of nodes that will share their data and the masters will be able to execute response protocols to this data and generate a closed local network to which the slave modules that will be inserted in the teeth of a shovel
CL201100274 define un sistema de alarma para detectar el desprendimiento de dientes y/o adaptadores en cucharones de palas de retroexcavación, este sistema de alarma para detectar el desprendimiento de dientes y/o adaptadores en cucharones de palas de equipos de retroexcavación, comprende: un sensor- transmisor, ubicado ya sea en cada diente y su respectivo adaptador de las palas, o bien únicamente en el adaptador, en donde dicho sensor- transmisor comprende: una fuente de alimentación del sensor-transmisor; un sensor de adaptador y un sensor de diente, los cuales monitorean y detectan el desprendimiento del diente y/o adaptador; un codificador, que codifica la información proveniente de los sensores; un módulo transmisor; y un receptor- decodificador, ubicado en la cabina de operación, del equipo de retroexcavación, el cual comprende: un módulo receptor; una fuente de alimentación de un receptor; un inversor de señal; y un decodificador; donde, en el sensor- transmisor, el codificador programa un código a transmitir y envía dicha codificación al módulo transmisor, el cual luego envía la información al receptor- codificador; y donde el módulo receptor recibe la transmisión de alguno de los transmisores y envía la información al codificador, el cual se encarga de procesar dicha información para finalmente emitir una señal de alarma al operador de una pala, indicando que algún elemento de una pala se ha desprendido. CL200501334 define un sistema para detectar la perdida de dientes y adaptadores de baldes en faenas de explotación minera, comprende un módulo sensor de tensión, torsión y extensión de una línea o cable destinado a soportar dicho balde con un receptor inalámbrico conectado al computador controlador ubicado en la cabina del cargador”. Este sistema para detectar la caída o pérdida de dientes y adaptadores de baldes o palas excavadoras o cargadores utilizados en faenas de explotación minera que está compuesto por un módulo sensor de tensión, torsión y extensión de una línea o cable destinado a soportar dicho balde o pala y receptor inalámbrico. CL201601260 define un sistema para monitorear pieza de desgastes en equipos de trabajo en suelos, comprende un sensor electrónico en una pared de la cubeta, un dispositivo que recibe información del sensor y hace una determinación y rendimiento de una pieza de desgaste que excava, proceso de monitoreo”. Esta patente define un proceso y herramienta para controlar el estado, el desgaste y el rendimiento de piezas de desgaste usadas en el equipo de trabajo en suelos, el proceso y la herramienta permiten que el operador optimice el rendimiento del equipo de trabajo en suelos, la herramienta tiene una clara línea de sitio para las piezas de desgaste durante el uso y se puede integrar con un cangilón o pala en el equipo de trabajo en suelos. CL201401897 define un sistema de monitoreo para la detección en forma automática de elementos ferromagnéticos ocultos en la carga del mineral, durante la carga y/o descarga de un contenedor, dicho sistema comprende al menos un sensor de campo magnético, un computador, un canal de comunicación de corto alcance, un visualizador, un canal de comunicación de largo alcance, una fuente de energía y sensores auxiliares, esta invención define un sistema de monitoreo automático para la detección de elementos ferromagnéticos ocultos en la carga de mineral en movimiento en equipos móviles o semimóviles antes de la descarga a un chancador, que actúa durante la carga o descarga de un contenedor y comprende los siguientes componentes: a. al menos un sensor de campo magnético para detectar en forma automática y en tiempo real las perturbaciones del campo magnético local en las tres direcciones del espacio; b. un computador que recopila y procesa los datos; c. un canal de comunicación de corto alcance, cableado o inalámbrico, que se localiza entre los sensores y el computador; d. un visualizador que entrega información del estado del sistema de monitoreo, y que incorpora una alarma luminosa y/o sonora; e. un canal de comunicación de largo alcance entre el usuario y el computador, del tipo cableado o inalámbrico; f. una fuente de energía del tipo batería portable o una conexión a alimentación fija y/o móvil; y g. opcionalmente, sensores auxiliares. CL201100274 defines an alarm system to detect the detachment of teeth and/or adapters in backhoe shovel buckets, this alarm system to detect the detachment of teeth and/or adapters in backhoe shovel buckets, comprises: a sensor - transmitter, located either in each tooth and its respective adapter of the blades, or only in the adapter, where said sensor-transmitter comprises: a sensor-transmitter power supply; an adapter sensor and a tooth sensor, which monitor and detect detachment of the tooth and/or adapter; an encoder, which encodes the information coming from the sensors; a transmitter module; and a receiver-decoder, located in the operating cabin of the backhoe equipment, which comprises: a receiver module; a power supply of a receiver; a signal inverter; and a decoder; where, in the sensor-transmitter, the encoder programs a code to be transmitted and sends said encoding to the transmitter module, which then sends the information to the receiver-encoder; and where the receiver module receives the transmission from one of the transmitters and sends the information to the encoder, which is responsible for processing said information to finally emit an alarm signal to the operator of a shovel, indicating that some element of a shovel has been damaged. detached. CL200501334 defines a system to detect the loss of teeth and bucket adapters in mining operations, it comprises a sensor module for tension, torsion and extension of a line or cable intended to support said bucket with a wireless receiver connected to the controller computer located in loader's cabin. This system to detect the fall or loss of teeth and adapters of buckets or excavator shovels or loaders used in mining operations that is made up of a sensor module for tension, torsion and extension of a line or cable intended to support said bucket or shovel and wireless receiver. CL201601260 defines a system to monitor wear parts in soil work equipment, it comprises an electronic sensor in a bucket wall, a device that receives information from the sensor and makes a determination and performance of a wear part that excavate, monitoring process”. This patent defines a process and tool to monitor the condition, wear and performance of wear parts used in soil working equipment, the process and tool allow the operator to optimize the performance of the soil working equipment, the tool has a clear line of sight for wear parts during use and can be integrated with a bucket or shovel into soil working equipment. CL201401897 defines a monitoring system for the automatic detection of ferromagnetic elements hidden in the mineral load, during the loading and/or unloading of a container, said system comprises at least one magnetic field sensor, a computer, a channel of short-range communication, a display, a long-range communication channel, a power source and auxiliary sensors, this invention defines an automatic monitoring system for the detection of hidden ferromagnetic elements in the ore load in motion in mobile equipment or semi-mobile before unloading to a crusher, which acts during the loading or unloading of a container and includes the following components: a. at least one magnetic field sensor to detect automatically and in real time the disturbances of the local magnetic field in the three directions of space; b. a computer that collects and processes the data; c. a short-range communication channel, wired or wireless, located between the sensors and the computer; d. a display that provides information on the status of the monitoring system, and that incorporates a light and/or sound alarm; and. a long-range communication channel between the user and the computer, of the wired or wireless type; F. a power source such as a portable battery or a fixed and/or mobile power connection; and g. optionally, auxiliary sensors.
US8411930B2 consistente en un sistema que incluye un dispositivo de captura de imágenes, para capturar imágenes de la máquina y un procesador para procesar las imágenes capturadas. El Sistema puede incluir además una salida sensible para proporcionar una indicación de una pieza de maquina dañada o faltante. El método incluye capturar imágenes de la maquina contra un fondo que se mueve con relación a la maquina a lo largo del tiempo, seleccionar un par de imágenes separadas por el tiempo de las imágenes capturadas, generar una imagen de desplazamiento con un modelo de maquina e identicando una pieza de maquina dañada o faltante a partir de la comparación de la imagen de desplazamiento con el modelo de máquina. US10008095B2 describe un sistema para monitorear la presencia de una herramienta de contacto con el suelo en relación con una máquina, en un sitio de trabajo. El sistema incluye un sensor acoplado operativamente a la herramienta de conexión atierra, un receptor de señal y un controlador. El sensor está configurado para transmitir una señal inalámbrica de identificación. El controlador está configurado para recibir una señal recibida del receptor de señal; la señal recibida basada en la señal inalámbrica de identificación y que tiene una potencia de señal. El controlador está configurado para determinar una potencia de atenuación de señal de la señal recibida, en función de la potencia de señal relativa a la potencia de transmisión, determinar una ubicación relativa de la herramienta de conexión a tierra y una o más condiciones de falla basadas en la potencia de atenuación de señal. US8411930B2 consisting of a system that includes an image capture device to capture images of the machine and a processor to process the captured images. The System may further include a sensitive output to provide an indication of a damaged or missing machine part. The method includes capturing images of the machine against a background that moves relative to the machine over time, selecting a time-separated pair of images from the captured images, generating a scrolling image with a model of the machine, and identifying a damaged or missing machine part from the comparison of the displacement image with the machine model. US10008095B2 describes a system for monitoring the presence of a ground contact tool in relation to a machine, on a job site. The system includes a sensor operatively coupled to the grounding tool, a signal receiver, and a controller. The sensor is configured to transmit a wireless identification signal. The controller is configured to receive a signal received from the signal receiver; the received signal based on the wireless identification signal and having a signal strength. The controller is configured to determine a signal attenuation power of the received signal, as a function of the signal power relative to the transmit power, determining a relative location of the grounding tool and one or more fault conditions based on signal attenuation power.
US20130026263A1 consiste en un método para analizar minerales recibidos dentro de un balde de pala de minería, incluye la recopilación de datos asociados con el mineral recibido en el balde. Donde el balde incluye al menos un sensor activo, donde el mineral se encuentra dentro de un campo de sensor activo. El método incluye además determinar un contenido de los minerales a un sistema de soporte de decisiones y clasificar o procesar el mineral en función de una salida del sistema de soporte de decisiones. La recopilación de datos asociados con los minerales puede incluir generar señales de origen, aplicar las señales de origen al sensor activo, recopilar una respuesta del sensor activo y comparar la respuesta con una referencia o umbral, y se describen otras características anexas. US20130026263A1 consists of a method for analyzing minerals received inside a mining shovel bucket, including the collection of data associated with the mineral received in the bucket. Where the bucket includes at least one active sensor, where the ore is within an active sensor field. The method further includes determining a content of the minerals to a decision support system and classifying or processing the mineral based on an output from the decision support system. The collection of data associated with the minerals may include generating source signals, applying the source signals to the active sensor, collecting a response from the active sensor, and comparing the response to a reference or threshold, and other accompanying features are described.
US8284096B2 describe un sistema y método para detectar piezas metálicas no aplastables ocultas dentro de una carga mineral directamente mente dentro de un dispositivo de transporte a una trituradora primaria incluye un radar direccionalmente ajustable que tiene al menos un dispositivo con antenas emisoras / receptoras de ondas electromagnéticas, un portal a través del cual pasa el dispositivo de transporte, un generador/analizador espectral conectado a los dispositivos de antena que genera las ondas electromagnéticas y analiza los ecos de las ondas electromagnéticas que interactúan con la carga mineral, y un dispositivo computacional que incluye un procesador de señal digital conectado al generador/analizador espectral. W02016008059A1 describe un sistema de monitoreo para la detección de elementos ferromagnéticos, ocultos en una carga mineral durante la carga y/o descarga de un contenedor, comprendiendo dicho sistema: al menos un sensor de campo magnético para la detección automática y en tiempo real de perturbaciones en el campo magnético local; una computadora que compila y procesa datos utilizando software; un canal de comunicación por cable o inalámbrico de corto alcance ubicado entre los nodos y la computadora; una pantalla que incorpora una alarma de luz y/o sonido; un canal de comunicación por cable o inalámbrico de largo alcance entre el usuario y la computadora; una fuente de alimentación de tipo batería portátil o una conexión a una fuente de alimentación fija y/o móvil; y opcionalmente sensores auxiliares. US8284096B2 describes a system and method for detecting non-crushable metallic pieces hidden inside a mineral load directly inside a transport device to a primary crusher includes a directionally adjustable radar that has at least one device with antennas emitting / receiving electromagnetic waves, a portal through which the transport device passes, a spectral generator/analyzer connected to the antenna devices that generates the electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes of the electromagnetic waves that interact with the mineral charge, and a computational device that includes a digital signal processor connected to the spectral generator/analyzer. W02016008059A1 describes a monitoring system for the detection of ferromagnetic elements hidden in a mineral load during loading and/or unloading of a container, said system comprising: at least one magnetic field sensor for automatic and real-time detection of disturbances in the local magnetic field; a computer that compiles and processes data using software; a short-range wired or wireless communication channel located between the nodes and the computer; a screen incorporating a light and/or sound alarm; a long-range wired or wireless communication channel between the user and the computer; a portable battery type power supply or a connection to a fixed and/or mobile power supply; and optionally auxiliary sensors.
WO2012116408A1 consistente en un sistema de detección para detectar la Perdida de un componente de herramientas de contacto con el suelo, de una máquina de extracción o movimiento de tierra, comprendiendo el sistema, una etiqueta de identificación de radiofrecuencia asegurable al componente, y una o más estaciones de lectura de etiquetas que incluyen un lector de etiquetas de identificación por radiofrecuencia para leer la etiqueta. US6990390B2 describe un método y aparato para detectar un cambio en una herramienta de trabajo con una parte de acoplamiento, este sistema de control detecta un cambio en la relación entre la parte de acoplamiento de la herramienta de trabajo y al menos una de la herramienta de trabajo y otra parte de acoplamiento de la herramienta de trabajo. Si el cambio es mayor que un valor predeterminado, el sistema de control produce una señal de error. WO2012116408A1 consisting of a detection system to detect the loss of a component of tools in contact with the ground, of an earthmoving or extraction machine, the system comprising a radiofrequency identification tag that can be secured to the component, and one or more tag reading stations that include a radio frequency identification tag reader to read the tag. US6990390B2 describes a method and apparatus for detecting a change in a work tool with a coupling part, this control system detects a change in the relationship between the coupling part of the work tool and at least one of the work tool and another work tool coupling part. If the change is greater than a predetermined value, the control system produces an error signal.
US20100096148A1 define un sistema para determinar la posición de una herramienta montada en una máquina excavadora, incluye un dispositivo de monitoreo y varios dispositivos independientes de detección de posición, cada uno de los cuales incluye: Una cara de fijación que incluye elementos de fijación al ras contra un componente articulado de la máquina, un módulo de comunicación inalámbrica que envía datos al dispositivo de monitoreo, una fuente de alimentación eléctrica independiente, una unidad de procesamiento, Un módulo electrónico con sensores de posición angular. Los dispositivos se distribuyen de manera que cada uno se encuentre en una parte articulada diferente de la máquina. Los dispositivos no necesitan cables y son fáciles de instalar. Las señales emitidas por los dispositivos son recibidas por eldispositivo de monitoreo, que calcula un punto de ajuste para colocar la herramienta. El punto de ajuste se muestra en una pantalla para que lo vea un operador ubicado en una cabina. US20040227645A1 define un detector de movimiento y un transmisor de señal para usar en un aparato para detectar y reportar la dislocación de equipos pesados de minería. El detector de movimiento tiene un transductor electromagnético que detecta el movimiento relativo entre dos partes metálicas que normalmente se mantienen juntas en contacto con la superficie. US20150284935A1 se refiere a un método para detectar la presencia de herramientas de trituración de piedra en máquinas de movimiento de tierras, en el que al menos una etiqueta RFID está dispuesta en la herramienta ejecutando al menos una comunicación de radio periódica con un lector. La interrupción y/o ausencia de la misma genera una señal de alarma como una indicación de una herramienta que no funciona o se rompe. US20100096148A1 defines a system for determining the position of a tool mounted on an excavating machine, including a monitoring device and several independent position sensing devices, each of which includes: A fixing face that includes fixing elements flush against an articulated component of the machine, a wireless communication module that sends data to the monitoring device, an independent electrical power supply, a processing unit, an electronic module with angular position sensors. The devices are distributed in such a way that each one is located in a different articulated part of the machine. The devices do not need cables and are easy to install. The signals emitted by the devices are received by the monitoring device, which calculates a set point to position the tool. The set point is displayed on a screen for an operator located in a cab to see. US20040227645A1 defines a motion detector and signal transmitter for use in an apparatus for detecting and reporting dislocation of heavy mining equipment. The motion detector has an electromagnetic transducer that detects relative motion between two metal parts that are normally held together in contact with the surface. US20150284935A1 refers to a method for detecting the presence of stone crushing tools in earth moving machines, in which at least one RFID tag is arranged on the tool executing at least one periodic radio communication with a reader. The interruption and/or absence of it generates an alarm signal as an indication of a tool that does not work or breaks.
WO2013/033164A1 , al monitoreo de un diente de máquina para equipo pesado acoplándose a una etiqueta de RFID al diente de maquina pesada y colocando un lector RFID para leer la etiqueta RFID. El lector RFID proporciona una indicación de que el diente de la máquina pesada está separado de la máquina pesada. El diente de la máquina pesada está configurado, por ejemplo, para montarse en un balde de una máquina pesada. WO2013/033164A1, to the monitoring of a machine tooth for heavy equipment by attaching an RFID tag to the heavy machine tooth and placing an RFID reader to read the RFID tag. The RFID reader provides an indication that the heavy machine tooth is separated from the heavy machine. The heavy machine tooth is configured, for example, to mount to a bucket of a heavy machine.
Sin embargo, CL201100274, CL200501334, CL201601260, CL201401897, USB411930B2, US20130026263A1 , US8284096B2, WO2016008059 A1 , WO2012116408A1 , US6990390B2, US20100096148A1 , US20040227645A1 , However, CL201100274, CL200501334, CL201601260, CL201401897, USB411930B2, US20130026263A1, US8284096B2, WO2016008059 A1, WO2012116408A1, US6990390B2, US20100096148A1, US200.
US20150284935A1 , WO2013/033164A1 presentan el inconveniente de que, al ser métodos directos de detección de la caída o desprendimiento del diente, estos sensores podrían presentar ciertas anomalías que ocurren por estar presentes en un entorno muy agresivo (operación mina) y es muy probable que los dispositivos tecnológicos sean dañados o sobrepasen sus límites operacionales, provocando falsos positivos como también falsos negativos, estos falsos pueden desencadenar la activación de alarmas que podrían detener la producción. Si bien estos métodos pueden identificar los dientes faltantes con buena sensibilidad, producen una cantidad inaceptable de falsas alarmas, lo que hace que los operadores del equipo ignoren las alertas por completo. En algunos casos, se ha observado una tasa de falsos positivos (FPR) del 25%. Hay varios desafíos asociados con la detección en tiempo real de dientes de pala rotos. Por ejemplo, en cuanto a aquellas tecnologías que se basan en capturas de imágenes del estado del diente, la calidad de las imágenes capturadas se ve comprometida por una variedad de factores. Condiciones de operación polvorientas y variaciones en la iluminación, ubicación y orientación del balde de una pala, y la composición del fondo puede hacer que los dientes de una pala sean difíciles de distinguir del material que hay detrás. Además, el borde de mordida del balde de una pala a menudo se oscurece parcial o completamente por el material extraído durante la operación, lo que puede hacer que un algoritmo de detección de fallas produzca resultados no deseados. Además de los desafíos de la calidad de la imagen, el problema en sí, no cae claramente en el paradigma de la detección de objetos tradicional porque el objeto objetivo es un matiz anómalo del sujeto de la imagen.US20150284935A1 , WO2013/033164A1 have the drawback that, being direct methods of detecting the fall or detachment of the tooth, these sensors could present certain anomalies that occur due to being present in a very aggressive environment (mine operation) and it is very likely that technological devices are damaged or exceed their operational limits, causing false positives as well as false negatives, these false ones can trigger the activation of alarms that could stop production. While these methods can identify missing teeth with good sensitivity, they produce an unacceptable number of false alarms, causing equipment operators to ignore alerts entirely. In some cases, a false positive rate (FPR) of 25%. There are several challenges associated with real-time detection of broken shovel teeth. For example, as for those technologies that are based on capturing images of the state of the tooth, the quality of the captured images is compromised by a variety of factors. Dusty operating conditions and variations in lighting, location and orientation of a shovel bucket, and background composition can make a shovel's teeth difficult to distinguish from the material behind. Additionally, the biting edge of a shovel bucket is often partially or completely obscured by material removed during operation, which can cause a flaw detection algorithm to produce undesirable results. In addition to the image quality challenges, the problem itself does not fall neatly into the traditional object detection paradigm because the target object is an anomalous hue of the image subject.
La presente invención propone la detección mediante señales inalámbricas, específicamente ondas electromagnéticas considerando que el entorno minero es heterogéneo, con gran interacción entre máquina, mineral, aire, partículasde polvo, rocas, metales, etc. The present invention proposes detection using wireless signals, specifically electromagnetic waves, considering that the mining environment is heterogeneous, with great interaction between machine, mineral, air, dust particles, rocks, metals, etc.
Un documento cercano es la patente US10008095B2, este documento protege un sistema para monitorear la presencia de una herramienta de contacto con el suelo en relación con una máquina. El sistema incluye un sensor acoplado operativamente a la herramienta de conexión a tierra, un receptor de señal y un controlador. El sensor está configurado para transmitir una señal inalámbrica de identificación. El controlador está configurado para recibir una señal recibidadel receptor de señal; la señal recibida basada en la señal inalámbrica de identificación y que tiene una potencia de señal. El controlador está configurado para determinar una potencia de atenuación de la señal recibida, en función de la potencia de señal relativa a la potencia de transmisión, determinar una ubicación relativa de la herramienta de conexión a tierra y una o más condiciones de falla basadas en la potencia de atenuación de señal. Aunque la tecnología descrita en esta solicitud se basa en la detección de una señal inalámbrica, se basa en otro principio, en el decaimiento de la señal inalámbrica, que se refiere a la “Disminución de la amplitud de la señal a través del tiempo”, determinado por cuadrangulación de la señal. La principal desventaja que presenta esta aproximación, es que el decaimiento de la señal se implementa en un ambiente heterogéneo (Operación mina), en donde la onda electromagnética presenta variaciones en el medio de propagación, aire, regiones con mayor cantidad de polvo, zonas con vientos ascendentes y descendentes, etc. Otra problemática observable a priori es, que no aborda la problemática de lo que ocurre con la cuadrangulación, cuando cae un segundo diente. A close document is patent US10008095B2, this document protects a system for monitoring the presence of a tool in contact with the ground in relation to a machine. The system includes a sensor operatively coupled to the grounding tool, a signal receiver, and a controller. The sensor is configured to transmit a wireless identification signal. The controller is configured to receive a signal received from the signal receiver; the received signal based on the wireless identification signal and having a signal strength. The controller is configured to determine a received signal attenuation power, based on the signal power relative to the transmit power, determine a relative location of the grounding tool, and one or more fault conditions based on the signal attenuation power. Although the technology described in this application is based on the detection of a wireless signal, it is based on another principle, on the decay of the wireless signal, which refers to the “Decrease in signal amplitude over time”, determined by quadranging the signal. The main disadvantage of this approach is that the decay of the signal is implemented in a heterogeneous environment (mine operation), where the electromagnetic wave presents variations in the propagation medium, air, regions with a greater amount of dust, areas with ascending and descending winds, etc. Another problem that can be observed a priori is that it does not address the problem of what happens with quadrangulation, when a second tooth falls out.
Luego, aún existe una necesidad en el área, de un sistema que permita detectar de manera eficiente y sin falsos positivos, la presencia del diente de pala desprendido del balde y que toma contacto con la tolva de un camión, este sistema debe soportar las circunstancias hostiles que hay en la mina, donde el ruido, el polvo e interacciones hombre-maquina, pueden afectar las mediciones de los sensores propuestos en el arte previo. Aunque, este sistema no permite una medición real y precisa de distancia, dicha medición se puede sustentar bajo la persistencia de conexión entre un emisor y un receptor, es decir, repitiendo en una unidad de tiempo, una serie de lecturas o conexiones entre emisor y receptor. Therefore, there is still a need in the area for a system that allows detecting efficiently and without false positives, the presence of the shovel tooth detached from the bucket and making contact with the hopper of a truck, this system must withstand the circumstances hostile conditions in the mine, where noise, dust and man-machine interactions can affect the measurements of the sensors proposed in the prior art. Although, this system does not allow a real and precise measurement of distance, said measurement can be sustained under the persistence of connection between a transmitter and a receiver, that is, repeating in a unit of time, a series of readings or connections between transmitter and receiver.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION BRIEF DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La solución propuesta en la presente solicitud consiste en un sistema y monitoreo de detección de la presencia o ausencia de un diente de pala en la tolva de un camión y en un chancador primario. Este sistema comprende una pluralidad de dispositivos que interactúan entre sí, permitiendo determinar la presencia del diente de pala a través de un algoritmo que, por medio del establecimiento de un enlace de comunicación WIFI, detecta la presencia del dispositivo. Los dispositivos incorporan un módulo de comunicación WIFI, que permite establecer enlaces de comunicación con dispositivos receptores de la señal inalámbrica, que se encuentran ubicados en la cabina del operador de una pala, la cabina del operador de un camión de extracción mina y la cabina del operador de un chancador primario. Que por medio de los datos recolectados (ubicación del diente, identificación del diente, estado de la batería, tiempos de funcionamiento, entre otros) y análisis de estos se puede inferir si un diente permanece dentro del área de extracción y carguío, como también si va a bordo de un camión y si se acerca al chancador, según la localización de este generara distintos tipos de registros (ID del dispositivo del diente cercano, ubicación) y alarmas sonoras y visuales en el dispositivo de la cabina de un camión y el dispositivo de la cabina de un chancador. The solution proposed in this application consists of a detection and monitoring system for the presence or absence of a shovel tooth in the hopper of a truck and in a primary crusher. This system comprises a plurality of devices that interact with each other, allowing the presence of the blade tooth to be determined through an algorithm that, by establishing a WIFI communication link, detects the presence of the device. The devices incorporate a WIFI communication module, which allows communication links to be established with wireless signal receiving devices, which are located in the operator's cabin of a shovel, the operator's cabin of a mine extraction truck and the operator's cabin. operator of a primary crusher. That through the data collected (location of the tooth, identification of the tooth, battery status, operating times, among others) and analysis of these, it can be inferred if a tooth remains within the extraction and loading area, as well as if It goes on board a truck and if it approaches the crusher, depending on its location, it will generate different types of records (ID of the device of the nearby tooth, location) and audible and visual alarms in the device in the cabin of a truck and the device from the cabin of a crusher.
Aunque la siguiente descripción del sistema de monitoreo de diente de pala, se proporcionará en referencia a la pérdida de un diente de un balde de una pala en el proceso de carguío y transporte de mineral hasta su destino, área de acceso de un chancador primario, será aparente que también puede tener aplicaciones más amplias. Although the following description of the shovel tooth monitoring system will be provided in reference to the loss of a tooth from a bucket of a shovel in the process of loading and transporting ore to its destination, access area of a primary crusher, it will be apparent that it may also have broader applications.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIGURA 1 : Consiste en una vista lateral de una pala (10), donde se puede apreciar el balde (2) donde van inserto en el diente (5) y el dispositivo emisorde señal inalámbrica y una ampliación de la cabina del operario de una pala (6), donde se encuentra localizado el dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica. FIGURE 1: Consists of a side view of a shovel (10), where you can see the bucket (2) where they are inserted in the tooth (5) and the wireless signal emitting device and an extension of the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), where the wireless signal receiving device is located.
FIGURA 2: Consistente en una vista lateral de un camión de extracción (50), donde mediante una ampliación de la imagen se aprecia la cabina del operador de un camión (20), donde se encuentra localizado el dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica. FIGURE 2: Consisting of a side view of an extraction truck (50), where an enlarged image shows the operator's cabin of a truck (20), where the wireless signal receiving device is located.
FIGURA 3: Consistente en una vista, que ejemplifica el proceso de carguío de mineral (100), en el se puede visualizar una pala (10), que se encuentra cargando de mineral a un camión de extracción (50), también se ejemplifica la pérdida de un diente (5), donde va inserto el dispositivo emisor de señal (emite la señal y como esta es detectada por el dispositivo receptor de señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un camión) (20). FIGURE 3: Consisting of a view, which exemplifies the mineral loading process (100), in which a shovel (10) can be seen, which is loading mineral to an extraction truck (50), the loss of a tooth (5), where the signal emitting device is inserted (it emits the signal and how it is detected by the wireless signal receiving device located in the operator's cabin of a truck) (20).
FIGURA 4: Consistente en una vista, que ejemplifica el proceso de chancado primario (1000), en el cual un camión de extracción de mineral (50), descarga su mineral en el chancador primario (500), en el se puede visualizar como el diente (5), donde va inserto el dispositivo emisor de señal (emite la señal y como esta es detectada por el dispositivo receptor de señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un chancador) (150). FIGURE 4: Consisting of a view, which exemplifies the primary crushing process (1000), in which an ore extraction truck (50), unloads its ore in the primary crusher (500), in which it can be seen as the tooth (5), where the signal emitting device is inserted (it emits the signal and how it is detected by the wireless signal receiving device located in the operator's cabin of a crusher) (150).
FIGURA 5: Comprende en un diagrama de flujo de operación del algoritmo, en el se describe los datos de entrada, procesamiento y acciones a ejecutar. FIGURE 5: Comprises an algorithm operation flowchart, in which the input data, processing and actions to be executed are described.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema y método de detección del desprendimiento de diente (5) del balde (2), con el fin de detectar la presencia de este en el área de extracción y carguío de mineral (100), como también posteriormente en el área de chancado primario (1000). Este sistema comprende una pluralidad de dispositivos que interactúan entre sí, según se detallan a continuación: The present invention relates to a system and method for detecting the detachment of the tooth (5) from the bucket (2), in order to detect its presence in the ore extraction and loading area (100), as well as subsequently in the primary crushing area (1000). This system comprises a plurality of devices that interact with each other, as detailed below:
1) Al menos un dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica ubicado en el diente (5) de una pala (10) que comprende un primer microcontrolador además de un primer chip de memoria integrada, que es utilizada para almacenar datos seleccionados de código identificador y registros de conexión establecida o conexión fallida, donde el primer microcontrolador controla al módulo de emisión de señal electromagnética, y donde todos los componentes del dispositivo están integrados a una primera placa de circuito impreso, que está principalmente fabricada en base d fibra de vidrio o teflón (FR-4 o PTFE), y que tiene integrado una primera antena de comunicación inalámbrica, un modulo de posicionamiento global (GPS) y una batería de litio, además comprende medios electrónicos de alimentación para controlar una batería y los niveles de voltaje de los componentes antes mencionados, 1) At least one wireless signal emitting device located in the tooth (5) of a shovel (10) comprising a first microcontroller in addition to a first integrated memory chip, which is used to store selected data of identification code and registers of connection established or connection failed, where the first microcontroller controls the electromagnetic signal emission module, and where all the components of the device are integrated into a first printed circuit board, which is mainly made of fiberglass or Teflon (FR -4 or PTFE), and which has integrated a first wireless communication antenna, a global positioning module (GPS) and a lithium battery, it also includes electronic power means to control a battery and the voltage levels of the components before mentioned,
2) Al menos un primer dispositivo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina de una pala, que comprende un segundo microcontrolador, el cual cumple con la función de controlar la comunicación inalámbrica, un primer módulo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica y un primer medio de almacenamiento de memoria tanto interna como externa extraíble y ensamblado en una segunda placa de circuito impreso, principalmente fabricado en base de fibra de vidrio o teflón (FR-4 o PTFE) que permite la conexión entre todos los componentes del circuito electrónico del dispositivo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica, localizado en la cabina del operario de una pala (6), además comprende primeros medios conectores, preferentemente, medios conectores Jack barrel, comprendiendo medios de alarma visual y sonora, y una segunda antena inalámbrica, 2) At least one first device for receiving the wireless signal located in the cabin of a shovel, comprising a second microcontroller, which fulfills the function of controlling the wireless communication, a first module for receiving the wireless signal and a first memory storage medium, both internal and external, removable and assembled on a second printed circuit board, mainly made of fiberglass or Teflon (FR-4 or PTFE) that allows the connection between all the components of the electronic circuit of the device for receiving the wireless signal, located in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), also comprises first connector means, preferably Jack barrel connector means, comprising visual and audible alarm means, and a second wireless antenna,
3) Al menos un segundo dispositivo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina de un camión (20), que comprende un tercer microcontrolador, el cual cumple con la función de controlar la comunicación inalámbrica, un segundo módulo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica y un segundo medio de memoria tanto interna como externa extraíble, todo ensamblado e integrado en una tercera placa de circuito impreso, principalmente fabricado en base de fibra de vidrio o teflón (FR-4 o PTFE) que permite la conexión entre todos los componentes del circuito electrónico que conforma el dispositivo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica, localizado en la cabina del operario de un camión (20), además comprende segundos medios conectores, preferentemente, medio conectores Jack barrel, comprendiendo medios de alarma visual y sonora, y un medio conector para una tercera antena inalámbrica. 3) At least a second wireless signal reception device located in the cabin of a truck (20), comprising a third microcontroller, which fulfills the function of controlling wireless communication, a second signal reception module wireless and a second removable internal and external memory medium, all assembled and integrated on a third printed circuit board, Mainly manufactured based on fiberglass or Teflon (FR-4 or PTFE) that allows the connection between all the components of the electronic circuit that makes up the device for receiving the wireless signal, located in the operator's cabin of a truck (20 ), also comprises second connector means, preferably Jack barrel connector means, comprising visual and audible alarm means, and a connector means for a third wireless antenna.
4) Al menos un tercer dispositivo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150) que comprende un cuarto microcontrolador que controla la comunicación inalámbrica, un tercer módulo de recepción de la señal inalámbrica y un tercer medio de memoria tanto interna como externa extraíble, todo ensamblado e integrado en una cuarta placa de circuito impreso, principalmente fabricado en base de fibra de vidrio o teflón (FR-4 o PTFE) que permite la conexión entre todos los componentes del circuito electrónico que conforma el dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150), además comprende terceros medios conectores, preferentemente, medios conectores Jack barrel, comprendiendo medios de alarma visual y sonora y un medio conector para una cuarta antena inalámbrica. 4) At least a third device for receiving the wireless signal located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150) comprising a fourth microcontroller that controls wireless communication, a third module for receiving the wireless signal and a third means of communication. both internal and external removable memory, all assembled and integrated in a fourth printed circuit board, mainly made of fiberglass or Teflon (FR-4 or PTFE) that allows the connection between all the components of the electronic circuit that makes up the wireless signal receiving device located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150), also comprises third connector means, preferably Jack barrel connector means, comprising visual and audible alarm means and a connector means for a fourth wireless antenna.
5) Al menos un dispositivo inalámbrico de integración que comprende una plataforma que puede ser una computadora portátil, laptop, Tablet, smartphone o cualquier dispositivo que permita la implementación de una aplicación y conexiones inalámbricas, y configurado con una aplicación que funciona como interfaz para un operador humano que permite realizar la configuración de reemplazo e instalación de dichos al menos un primer a tercer dispositivos antes mencionados, esto es, de dicho al menos un dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica localizado en el diente de una pala (5), de dicho al menos un primer dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina de una pala (6), de dicho al menos un segundo dispositivo receptor de la señal ubicado en la cabina de un camión (20) y de dicho al menos un tercer dispositivo receptor de la señal ubicado en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150), pudiendo configurar dicho operador humano, al menos una de las siguientes funcionalidades: visualización del estado de dichos al menos primer a tercer dispositivos, datos de los dientes, registro de operaciones realizadas en el sistema, lista de dientes disponibles para reemplazo etc.5) At least one wireless integration device comprising a platform that can be a laptop, tablet, smartphone or any device that allows the implementation of an application and wireless connections, and configured with an application that functions as an interface for a human operator that allows the configuration of replacement and installation of said at least one first to third devices mentioned above, that is, of said at least one emitting device of the wireless signal located in the tooth of a shovel (5), of said at least one first wireless signal receiving device located in the cabin of a shovel (6), said at least one second signal receiving device located in the cabin of a truck (20) and said at least one third device signal receiver located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150), being able to configure said human operator, at least one of the following functionalities des: display of the status of said at least first to third devices, data of the teeth, record of operations carried out in the system, list of teeth available for replacement, etc.
El sistema funciona como una red integrada, donde dichos dispositivos, al menos del primer al quinto dispositivo interactúan entre sí, y donde se pueden ubicar tantos dispositivos emisores de señal inalámbrica, como dientes posee la pala (10), donde el microcontrolador, módulo de emisión electromagnética, primera antena de comunicación y módulo de posicionamiento global (GPS), de dicho al menos un primer dispositivo, permite generar las coordenadas de ubicación de los dientes, estado de la batería y los medios electrónicos asociados a este El microcontrolador almacena y ejecuta un algoritmo de funcionamiento (Fig.5) que permite procesar los datos de ubicación y los tiempos en que el módulo de emisión electromagnética, entra en modo de ahorro de energía y los tiempos en que el dispositivo emisor entra en modo activo, donde dicho algoritmo (Fig.5) crea una red Wifi local que permite que cada dispositivo emisor ubicado en el diente de pala establecer comunicación bajo el protocolo de comunicación inalámbrico priorizado. The system works as an integrated network, where said devices, at least from the first to the fifth device, interact with each other, and where as many wireless signal emitting devices can be located, as there are teeth on the blade (10), where the microcontroller, electromagnetic emission, first communication antenna and global positioning module (GPS), of said at least one first device, allows generating the location coordinates of the teeth, battery status and the electronic means associated with it The microcontroller stores and executes an operating algorithm (Fig.5) that allows process the location data and the times in which the electromagnetic emission module enters energy saving mode and the times in which the emitting device enters active mode, where said algorithm (Fig.5) creates a local Wi-Fi network that allows each transmitting device located in the blade tooth to establish communication under the prioritized wireless communication protocol.
El presente método para la detección del desprendimiento de diente (5) del balde (2), con el fin de detectar la presencia de este en el área de extracción y carguío de mineral (100), como también posteriormente en el área de chancado primario (1000), se muestra en la Figura 5, y está específicamente diseñado para generar una conexión de red Wifi local, que permite a cada uno de dichos al menos un dispositivo emisor ubicado en el diente de pala, establezcan comunicación bajo un protocolo de comunicación inalámbrico priorizado. Dicho protocolo busca puntos de acceso con dichos al menos un primer a tercer dispositivo receptores de señal inalámbrica. Existiendo una prioridad de mayor a menor conexión, siendo mayor para dicho al menos un primer dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operario de una pala (6), le sigue dicho al menos un segundo dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operador de un camión (20), y por último, dicho al menos un tercer dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150).The present method for detecting the detachment of the tooth (5) from the bucket (2), in order to detect its presence in the ore extraction and loading area (100), as well as later in the primary crushing area (1000), shown in Figure 5, and is specifically designed to generate a local Wi-Fi network connection, which allows each of said at least one emitting device located in the blade tooth, to establish communication under a communication protocol wireless prioritized. Said protocol searches for access points with said at least one first to third wireless signal receiving device. There being a priority from higher to lower connection, being higher for said at least one first receiving device of the wireless signal of the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), followed by said at least one second receiving device of the wireless signal of the operator cabin of a truck (20), and finally, said at least a third wireless signal receiving device located in the operator cabin of a crusher (150).
De esta forma, previo al proceso de carguío de mineral (100), cada uno de dichos al menos un dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica ubicados en los dientes (5) de una pala (10), generan mediante el algoritmo de control y operación del dispositivo localizado en el diente de una pala (5) (Fig.5), un código de identificación por diente (ID) y establece su coordenada geográfica del área de trabajo. Esta área considera la distancia correspondiente desde el diente de una pala (5) hasta la cabina, distancia correspondiente a 40 mts. In this way, prior to the mineral loading process (100), each of said at least one wireless signal emitting device located in the teeth (5) of a shovel (10), generated by means of the control algorithm and operation of the device located in the tooth of a shovel (5) (Fig.5), an identification code per tooth (ID) and establishes its geographical coordinate of the work area. This area considers the corresponding distance from the tooth of a shovel (5) to the cabin, a distance corresponding to 40 meters.
El código de identificación (ID) es almacenado en dichos primer, segundo y tercer medios de memoria de dichos al menos un primer, segundo y tercer dispositivos receptores de la señal inalámbrica, es decir, dichos al menos un primer a tercer dispositivo receptor ubicado en: la cabina del operador de una pala (6), la cabina del operador de un camión (20) y la cabina del operador de un chancador (150). The identification code (ID) is stored in said first, second and third memory means of said at least one first, second and third receiving devices of the wireless signal, that is, said at least one first to third receiving device located in : the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), the operator's cabin of a truck (20) and the operator's cabin of a crusher (150).
Dependiendo si el dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica, ubicado en el diente (5) de una pala (10), abandona la ubicación predestinada de su área de trabajo, el algoritmo activa el dispositivo emisor, saliendo del modo de ahorro de energía (modo “sleep”). (Fig.5) Depending on whether the wireless signal emitting device, located in the tooth (5) of a shovel (10), leaves the predestined location of its work area, the algorithm activates the emitting device, exiting the energy saving mode ("mode " sleep”). (Fig.5)
Este estado de modo de ahorro de energía o ciclo de hibernación se refiere a un protocolo de ultra bajo consumo en el cual el primer microcontrolador desactiva todas las funciones de dicho al menos un dispositivo emisor de tanto las generales: (Antena transmisora, Antena receptora, luces LEDs) y las internas (memoria, entradas y salidas digitales), a excepción del reloj oscilador (incluido dentro del microcontrolador), el cual realiza un conteo definido que, si se cumple, dispara el encendido de todas las funciones generales e internas del microcontrolador, el cual inicia, activando las antenas de transmisión, recepción, luces leds, memorias, entradas y salidas digitales los medios electrónicos de dicho al menos un dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica, para luego ejecutar el algoritmo antes mencionado. This state of energy saving mode or hibernation cycle refers to an ultra low consumption protocol in which the first microcontroller deactivates all the functions of said at least one transmitting device of both the general ones: (transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, LED lights) and the internal ones (memory, digital inputs and outputs), with the exception of the oscillating clock (included within the microcontroller), which performs a defined count that, if fulfilled, triggers the ignition of all the general and internal functions of the microcontroller, which starts, activating the transmission and reception antennas, LED lights, memories, inputs and outputs digitalize the electronic means of said at least one wireless signal emitting device, to then execute the aforementioned algorithm.
Una vez activado dicho al menos un dispositivo emisor de señales inalámbricas, basado en el protocolo de comunicación y persistencia, que consiste en establecer conexión entre el un dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica ubicados en los dientes (5) de una pala (10),con los otros dispositivos a través de la red WiFi (sigla de Wireless Fidelity, tecnología para la transmisión de datos inalámbricos) por FITTP (sigla de hypertext Transfer Protocol) de forma continuada con pausas diseñadas únicamente para el ahorro de energía de la batería en el dispositivo emisor de señal ubicado en el diente (5) de una pala (10), busca establecer conexión inalámbrica con dicho al menos un dispositivo receptor de señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina de una pala (6), al establecer la comunicación de manera correcta, es decir, cuando el enlace WiFi, entre ambos dispositivos ocurre de manera efectiva permitiendo enviar el identificador desde el dispositivo diente (5) de una pala (10) ocurre de manera efectiva, es decir, cuando el enlace WiFi, entre ambos dispositivos, ocurre de manera efectiva, permite enviar el identificador desde el diente (5) de una pala (10) hacia el dispositivo de la cabina del operador de una pala (6) por FITTP, envía su código de identificación (ID) y datos de posicionamiento, luego vuelve al modo de ahorro de energía por 45 segundos. En caso de no establecer comunicación con dicho al menos un primer dispositivo receptor de señal inalámbrica que se ubica en la cabina operador de una pala (6), lo intenta nuevamente cada 500 milisegundos, en un total de 20 intentos, si no logra establecer comunicación, es que el dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica, se encuentra a una distancia superior a los 40 mts, el microcontrolador del dispositivo supervisa que el patrón de conexión no es el mismo al que poseía antes, esto significa que el diente abandono la zona de trabajo, por lo cual procederá a generar nuevos patrones de conexión que permitan su ubicación, comenzando el proceso de conexión con la red inalámbrica, que le continua en prioridad, que corresponde a dicho al menos un segundo dispositivo receptor de señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un camión (20), en caso de no establecer comunicación con este dispositivo receptor, lo intenta nuevamente cada 500 milisegundos con un total de 20 intentos, si no logra establecer comunicación, el primer microcontrolador del dispositivo emisor de señales inalámbricas, supervisa que el patrón de conexión no es el mismo, genera un nuevo patrón de conexión, con dicho al menos un tercer dispositivo receptor de señal inalámbrica que se encuentra en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150). Once said at least one wireless signal emitting device is activated, based on the communication and persistence protocol, which consists of establishing a connection between a wireless signal emitting device located in the teeth (5) of a blade (10), with the other devices through the Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) network by FITTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) continuously with pauses designed solely to save battery power in the device signal emitter located in the tooth (5) of a shovel (10), seeks to establish a wireless connection with said at least one wireless signal receiving device located in the cabin of a shovel (6), by establishing communication correctly, that is, when the WiFi link between both devices occurs effectively, allowing the identifier to be sent from the tooth device (5) of a shovel (10), it occurs effectively. iva, that is, when the WiFi link, between both devices, occurs effectively, it allows sending the identifier from the tooth (5) of a shovel (10) to the device in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6) by FITTP, sends its identification code (ID) and positioning data, then returns to power saving mode for 45 seconds. In the event of not establishing communication with said at least one first wireless signal receiving device located in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), it tries again every 500 milliseconds, in a total of 20 attempts, if it fails to establish communication , is that the device that emits the wireless signal is at a distance greater than 40 meters, the device's microcontroller supervises that the connection pattern is not the same as the one it had before, this means that the tooth left the area of work, for which it will proceed to generate new connection patterns that allow its location, beginning the connection process with the wireless network, which continues in priority, which corresponds to said at least one second wireless signal receiving device located in the cabin of a truck operator (20), in case of not establishing communication with this receiving device, it tries again every 500 milliseconds with a total of 20 attempts, s If it fails to establish communication, the first microcontroller of the wireless signal-emitting device monitors that the connection pattern is not the same, it generates a new connection pattern, with said at least one third wireless signal receiving device that is in the operator's cab of a crusher (150).
Como la perdida de dientes, es un evento común en minería, es opcional ubicar medios conectores, preferentemente, medios conectores Jack barrel comprendiendo medios de alarma visual y sonora en dicho al menos un primer dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina de una pala (6), debido a que muchas veces, cuando un diente se desprende de un balde, este cae en las inmediaciones de una pala (10) y no reviste peligro para la continuidad operacional de la mina, lo riesgoso es cuando el diente que se desprendió es cargado junto al mineral en el proceso de carguío (100) o en su defecto que este diente llegue al proceso de chancado primario (1000) y tenga contacto con el chancador primario (500), generando graves daños a su motor y provocando la paralización de este. As the loss of teeth is a common event in mining, it is optional to locate connector means, preferably Jack barrel connector means comprising visual and audible alarm means in said at least one first receiving device of the wireless signal from the cabin of a shovel (6), because many times, when a tooth falls out of a bucket, it falls in the vicinity of a shovel (10) and is not dangerous for the operational continuity of the mine, the risk is when the tooth that breaks broke off is loaded together with the ore in the loading process (100) or failing that this tooth reaches the primary crushing process (1000) and has contact with the primary crusher (500), causing serious damage to its motor and causing the stoppage of East.
Por lo tanto, dicho primer microcontrolador activa la emisión de la señal inalámbrica, ejecutando un protocolo de activación que se encuentra, en el algoritmo del dispositivo (Fig.5) ubicado en la cabina del operador de un camión (20), que permite ejecutar las alarmas sonoras y visuales en el dispositivo del operador de un camión (20), lo que se traduce en la activación de bocinas y luces ubicadas en la cabina del operador de una pala (6), en la cabina del operador de un camión (20) y la cabina del operador de un chancador (150). Therefore, said first microcontroller activates the emission of the wireless signal, executing an activation protocol found in the algorithm of the device (Fig. 5) located in the operator's cabin of a truck (20), which allows executing sound and visual alarms in the truck operator device (20), which translates into the activation of horns and lights located in the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), in the operator's cabin of a truck ( 20) and the operator's cabin of a crusher (150).
De esta manera el operador de una pala y un camión pueden darse cuenta de que, en sus equipos, en especial en el camión, puede existir un material de gran dureza (inchancable), de tal manera de comunicar esta situación al jefe delárea y que se tomen las medidas correctivas necesarias. Medidas relacionadas a detención de las máquinas y la búsqueda del diente, y posterior, remoción. In this way, the operator of a shovel and a truck can realize that, in their equipment, especially in the truck, there may be a material of great hardness (unchangeable), in such a way that they communicate this situation to the area manager and that necessary corrective action is taken. Measures related to stopping the machines and searching for the tooth, and later, removal.
En caso de que el operario, no pudiese ver la alarma visual o escuchar la alarma sonora, ya sea por fallo del sistema u otro motivo, y el diente sigue su camino desde carguío hasta el chancador primario (500) se continua con el protocolo de comunicación dentro del algoritmo (Fig.5), que permite que se comunique el dispositivo del diente. In the event that the operator could not see the visual alarm or hear the audible alarm, either due to system failure or another reason, and the tooth continues its path from loading to the primary crusher (500), the protocol of communication within the algorithm (Fig.5), which allows the tooth device to communicate.
Continuándose con el protocolo de comunicación dentro del algoritmo (Fig.5), que permite comunicar al menos un primer dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica ubicado en el diente (5) de una pala (10), con al menos un tercer dispositivo de recepción de señal inalámbrica ubicado en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150), donde el cuarto microcontrolador activa las alarmas sonoras y visuales, ubicadas en la cabina de un chancador (150). Esta es considerada la última barrera de detección y contención del inchancable, por lo tanto, la eficacia del sistema se debe a que posee numerosos dispositivos detectores del diente, lo que hace reducir considerablemente los falsos positivos y aumentar su confiabilidad. Continuing with the communication protocol within the algorithm (Fig. 5), which allows at least a first wireless signal emitting device located in the tooth (5) of a blade (10) to communicate with at least a third wireless signal receiving device. wireless signal located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150), where the fourth microcontroller activates the audible and visual alarms, located in the cabin of a crusher (150). This is considered the last barrier of detection and containment of the unbreakable, therefore, the effectiveness of the system is due to the fact that it has numerous detection devices of the tooth, which considerably reduces false positives and increases its reliability.
Toda la data generada, desde visualización del estado de cada uno de los dispositivos, datos de los dientes (identificador electrónico del dispositivo, posición, conexiones realizadas, registro de operaciones en cada uno de dichos dispositivos, lista de dientes de reemplazo, etc.), es integrada mediante un dispositivo inalámbrico de integración, plataforma que puede ser una computadora portátil, un Tablet, smartphone o cualquier dispositivo que permita la implementación de una aplicación y conexión inalámbricas. De fácil uso, con una interfaz amigable para el usuario. All the data generated, from visualization of the status of each of the devices, data of the teeth (electronic identifier of the device, position, connections made, record of operations in each of said devices, list of replacement teeth, etc.) , is integrated through a wireless integration device, a platform that can be a laptop, a tablet, a smartphone or any device that allows the implementation of a wireless application and connection. Easy to use, with a user-friendly interface.
Por lo tanto, el método de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde, con el fin de detectar la presencia de este en el área de carguío de mineral (100) y chancado primario (1000) comprende las siguientes etapas: a) Instalación del dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10), b) instalación del dispositivo receptor de la cabina del operador de una pala (10), c) Instalación del dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica en la cabina del operador de un camión (20), d) instalación del dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica en la cabina de un chancador (150), e) generación de red de WiFi local, f) establecer protocolo de comunicación inalámbrico priorizado, g) asignación de identificación (ID) por cada uno de los dientes (5), h) establecer coordenada de cada uno de los dientes del balde (5) de una pala(10), i) Almacenar código de identificación (ID) de los dientes del balde (5) y su coordenada geográfica, j) almacenar código de identificación (ID) de los dientes del balde (5) y su coordenada geográfica en el chip de memoria integrada, k) Activar en caso que el diente del balde (5) abandone su área predestinada de trabajo, el algoritmo activa el dispositivo emisor. Saliendo del modo de ahorro de energía (modo “sleep”), I) Generar protocolo de comunicación y persistencia de los dispositivos del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10), con los otros dispositivos mediante la red de WiFi, m) Determinar que el protocolo de comunicación ocurra de manera efectiva entre el diente del balde (5) de una pala (10) y la cabina del operador de una pala (6), n) Determinar dato de posicionamiento del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10), vuelve a un modo de ahorro de energía por 45 segundos, ñ) No establecer comunicación entre el primer dispositivo y la cabina del operador de una pala (6), lo intenta nuevamente cada 500 milisegundo, por un total de 20 intentos o) Establecer una no comunicación, permite generar un nuevo patrón de conexión que permita su ubicación, p) Evaluar si se generó la comunicación, mediante 20 intentos, cada 500 milisegundos, q) Supervisar el patrón de conexión si no es el mismo, se genera un nuevo patrón de comunicación con el tercer dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica que se encuentra en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150), r) Integrar data recolectada mediante plataforma de integración. Therefore, the bucket tooth detachment monitoring method, in order to detect its presence in the ore loading area (100) and primary crushing area (1000), comprises the following stages: a) Installation of the device emitter of the wireless signal of the tooth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), b) installation of the receiving device of the operator's cabin of a shovel (10), c) Installation of the receiving device of the wireless signal in the operator cabin of a truck (20), d) installation of the wireless signal receiving device in the cabin of a crusher (150), e) generation of local WiFi network, f) establish prioritized wireless communication protocol, g) assignment of identification (ID) for each one of the teeth (5), h) establish coordinate of each one of the teeth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), i) Store identification code (ID) of the teeth of the bucket (5) and its geographical coordinate, j) store identification code (ID) of the bucket teeth (5) and its geographical coordinate in the integrated memory chip, k) Activate in case the bucket tooth (5 ) leaves its predestined area of work, the algorithm activates the sending device. Leaving the energy saving mode ("sleep" mode), I) Generate communication protocol and persistence of the devices of the tooth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), with the other devices through the WiFi network, m ) Determine that the communication protocol occurs effectively between the bucket tooth (5) of a shovel (10) and the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), n) Determine positioning data of the bucket tooth (5) of a shovel (10), returns to a power saving mode for 45 seconds, ñ) Do not establish communication between the first device and the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), tries again every 500 milliseconds, for a total of 20 attempts o) Establish a no communication, allows to generate a new connection pattern that allows its location, p) Evaluate if the communication was generated, by means of 20 attempts, every 500 milliseconds, q) Monitor the connection pattern if it is not the itself, a new communication pattern is generated with the third device. itive wireless signal receiver located in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150), r) Integrate data collected through integration platform.

Claims

REVINDICACIONES
1. Un sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde, con el fin de detectar la presencia de éste en el área de carguío de mineral (100) y chancado primario (1000) caracterizado porque comprende: 1. A bucket tooth detachment monitoring system, in order to detect its presence in the ore loading area (100) and primary crushing (1000) characterized in that it comprises:
- un dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10) constituido por un microcontrolador, chip de memoria integrada, una placa de circuito impreso, un módulo emisor de señal, módulo de alimentación de energía, envase y soporte que asegura un espacio entre el diente y un adaptador; - a wireless signal emitting device of the tooth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10) consisting of a microcontroller, integrated memory chip, a printed circuit board, a signal emitting module, power supply module, container and support that ensures a space between the tooth and an adapter;
- un dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operador de una pala- a receiving device for the wireless signal from the operator's cabin of a shovel
(6) constituido por un microcontrolador, chip de memoria integrada, chip de memoria extraíble, una placa de circuito impreso, un módulo receptor de señal inalámbrica, conectores periféricos de alarma sonora y visual, antena inalámbrica, envase y un soporte para asegurarlo en la cabina de una pala; (6) consisting of a microcontroller, integrated memory chip, removable memory chip, a printed circuit board, a wireless signal receiving module, peripheral connectors for audible and visual alarm, wireless antenna, container and a support to secure it on the one-shovel cab;
- un dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operador de un camión (20) constituido por un microcontrolador, chip de memoria integrada, chip de memoria extraíble, una placa de circuito impreso, un módulo receptor de señal inalámbrica, conectores periféricos de alarma sonora y visual, antena inalámbrica, envase y un soporte para asegurarlo en la cabina del camión; - a receiver device for the wireless signal of the operator's cabin of a truck (20) consisting of a microcontroller, integrated memory chip, removable memory chip, a printed circuit board, a wireless signal receiver module, peripheral connectors of sound and visual alarm, wireless antenna, container and a bracket to secure it in the truck cabin;
- un dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operador de un chancador (150) constituido por un microcontrolador, chip de memoria integrada, chip de memoria extraíble, una placa de circuito impreso, un módulo receptor de señal inalámbrica, conectores periféricos de alarma sonora y visual, antena inalámbrica, envase y un soporte para asegurarlo en la cabina de un chancador; y - a receiver device for the wireless signal of the operator's cabin of a crusher (150) consisting of a microcontroller, integrated memory chip, removable memory chip, a printed circuit board, a wireless signal receiver module, peripheral connectors of audible and visual alarm, wireless antenna, container and a bracket to secure it in the cabin of a crusher; Y
- un dispositivo inalámbrico de integración. - a wireless integration device.
2. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de señal inalámbrica permite la comunicación inalámbrica en el espectro de ondas electromagnéticas, primordialmente rango de frecuencia de 2.4GHz a 5 GHz. 2. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said wireless signal emitting device allows wireless communication in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, primarily the frequency range of 2.4GHz to 5 GHz.
3. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho microcontrolador del dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10), opera en un rango de voltaje, entre 2VDC a 7VDC. 3. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller of the device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10), operates in a voltage range , between 2VDC to 7VDC.
4. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho microcontrolador del dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10), opera con un rango de corriente, entre 15uA a 90mA. 4. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller of the device that emits the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10), operates with a current range , between 15uA to 90mA.
5. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho microcontrolador del dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10), opera en un rango de temperatura, entre -10°C y 125°C. 5. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller of the emitting device of the wireless signal from the tooth of the bucket (5) of the shovel (10), operates in a temperature range between -10°C and 125°C.
6. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10), dispone de una fuente de alimentación seleccionada de una de una batería ion litio, ion polímero, batería alcalina u otra fuente de energía disponible. 6. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10), has a power supply selected from one of a lithium ion, polymer ion, alkaline battery, or other available power source.
7. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10) se encuentra protegido por una pieza construida en un material polimérico u otra naturaleza. 7. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10) is protected by a piece built in a polymeric material or other nature.
8. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10) asigna un registro de ID único al diente. 8. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10) assigns a unique ID record to the tooth.
9. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10) utiliza un PCB fabricado en base de fibra de vidrio o teflón (FR-4 o PTFE). 9. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10) uses a PCB made of fiberglass. glass or Teflon (FR-4 or PTFE).
10. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10) está instalado en el diente. 10. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10) is installed in the tooth.
11. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10) está instalado en el diente, en un alojamiento localizado al interior del diente o en el espacio entre el adaptador y el diente. 11. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 10, characterized in that said wireless signal transmitter device of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10) is installed in the tooth, in a housing located inside the tooth or in the space between the adapter and the tooth.
12 El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10) dispone de una memoria interna de tipo flash no extraíble para almacenar datos entregados por los demás dispositivos que conforman el sistema. 12 The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10) has an internal non-removable flash-type memory to store data delivered by the other devices that make up the system.
13. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10) dispone de un microcontrolador de bajo consumo de arquitectura de bajo consumo (ARM por sus siglas en ingles Advanced Risc ARM). 13. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of a shovel (10) has a low-consumption architecture microcontroller low power (ARM for its acronym in English Advanced Risc ARM).
14. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10), emite una señal inalámbrica con un alcance que va en el rango de 40 a 200 mts. 14. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said device emitting the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10), emits a wireless signal with a range that It ranges from 40 to 200 meters.
15. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de la pala (10), genera puntos de acceso con los demás dispositivos receptores del sistema cada 500 ms. 15. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the device that emits the wireless signal of the bucket tooth (5) of the shovel (10), generates access points with the other devices system receivers every 500 ms.
16. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operador de la pala (6) se ubica en la cabina del operador en una de: el tablero, la pared o el techo de la cabina. 16. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving device for the wireless signal of the operator's cabin of the shovel (6) is located in the operator's cabin in one of: the dash, wall or ceiling of the cabin.
17. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho microcontrolador del dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del camión (20) se localiza en uno del tablero, la pared o el techo de la cabina. 17. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller of the receiving device of the wireless signal of the truck cabin (20) is located in one of the board, the wall or the ceiling from the cabin.
18. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del camión (20) y dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del chancador (150), utilizan una memoria interna de tipo flash no extraíble para almacenar datos entregados por el dispositivo emisor del diente. 18. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving device for the wireless signal of the truck cabin (20) and said receiving device for the wireless signal of the crusher cabin ( 150), use a non-removable flash-type internal memory to store data delivered by the emitting device of the tooth.
19. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del camión (20) y dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del chancador (150) utilizan una memoria flash extraíble para almacenar datos entregados por el dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente (5) de la pala (10). 19. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving device for the wireless signal of the truck cabin (20) and said receiving device for the wireless signal of the crusher cabin ( 150) use a removable flash memory to store data delivered by the wireless signal emitting device of the tooth (5) of the shovel (10).
20. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del camión (20) y dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del chancador (150) utilizan una unidad de microcontrolador (MCU) de alto rendimiento y de bajo consumo (ARM). 20. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving device for the wireless signal from the cab of the truck (20) and said receiving device for the wireless signal from the cabin of the crusher ( 150) use a high-performance, low-power microcontroller unit (MCU) (ARM).
21. El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del camión (20) y dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del chancador (150) están provisto de conectores para periféricos seleccionados de uno o más de una antena, una alarma sonora o una alarma visual. 21. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said receiving device for the wireless signal from the cab of the truck (20) and said receiving device for the wireless signal from the cabin of the crusher ( 150) are provided with connectors for selected peripherals of one or more than one antenna, an audible alarm, or a visual alarm.
22 El sistema de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente (5) de la pala (10), dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del operador de la pala (6), dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del camión (20) y dicho dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica de la cabina del chancador (150), permite obtener coordenadas geográficas mediante trilateración, y opera con GLONASS, GALILEO, QZSS y GPS, preferentemente GPS. 22 The bucket tooth detachment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said transmitting device of the wireless signal of the tooth (5) of the shovel (10), said receiving device of the wireless signal of the cabin of the operator of the shovel (6), said receiving device for the wireless signal from the truck cabin (20) and said receiving device for the wireless signal from the crusher cabin (150), allows obtaining geographical coordinates through trilateration, and operates with GLONASS, GALILEO, QZSS and GPS, preferably GPS.
23. El método de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde, con el fin de detectar la presencia de este en el área de carguío de mineral (100) y chancado primario (1000) caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes etapas: a) Instalación del dispositivo emisor de la señal inalámbrica del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10), b) instalación del dispositivo receptor de la cabina del operador de una pala (10), c) Instalación del dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica en la cabina del operador de un camión (20), d) instalación del dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica en la cabina de un chancador (150), e) generación de red de WiFi local, f) establecer protocolo de comunicación inalámbrico priorizado, g) asignación de identificación (ID) por cada uno de los dientes (5), h) establecer coordenada de cada uno de los dientes del balde (5) de una pala (10), i) almacenar código de identificación (ID) de los dientes del balde (5) y su coordenada geográfica, j) almacenar código de identificación (ID) de los dientes del balde (5) y su coordenada geográfica en el chip de memoria integrada, k) activar en el caso que el diente del balde (5) abandone su área predestinada de trabajo, el algoritmo activa el dispositivo emisor, saliendo del modo de ahorro de energía (modo “sleep”), 23. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring method, in order to detect its presence in the ore loading area (100) and primary crushing (1000) characterized in that it comprises the following stages: a) Installation of the device transmitter of the wireless signal of the tooth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), b) installation of the receiving device of the operator's cabin of a shovel (10), c) Installation of the receiving device of the wireless signal in the cabin operator of a truck (20), d) installation of the wireless signal receiving device in the cabin of a crusher (150), e) generation of local WiFi network, f) establish prioritized wireless communication protocol, g) assignment identification code (ID) for each of the teeth (5), h) establish the coordinate of each of the teeth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), i) store the identification code (ID) of the teeth of the bucket (5) and its geographical coordinate, j) store code o identification (ID) of the bucket teeth (5) and its geographical coordinate in the integrated memory chip, k) activate in the event that the bucket tooth (5) leaves its predestined work area, the algorithm activates the sending device, exiting the energy saving mode (“sleep” mode),
L) generar protocolo de comunicación y persistencia de los dispositivos del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10), con los otros dispositivos mediante la red de WiFi, m) determinar que el protocolo de comunicación ocurra de manera efectiva entre el diente del balde (5) de una pala (10) y la cabina del operador de una pala (6), n) determinar dato de posicionamiento del diente del balde (5) de una pala (10), vuelve a un modo de ahorro de energía por 45 segundos, ñ) no establecer comunicación entre el primer dispositivo y la cabina del operador de una pala (6), lo intenta nuevamente cada 500 milisegundo, por un total de 20 intentos o) establecer una no comunicación, permite generar un nuevo patrón de conexión que permita su ubicación, p) evaluar si se generó la comunicación, mediante 20 intentos, cada 500 milisegundos, q) supervisar el patrón de conexión si no es el mismo, se genera un nuevo patrón de comunicación con el tercer dispositivo receptor de la señal inalámbrica que se encuentra en la cabina del operador de un chancador (150), y r) Integrar data recolectada mediante plataforma de integración. L) generate communication protocol and persistence of the devices of the tooth of the bucket (5) of a shovel (10), with the other devices through the WiFi network, m) determine that the communication protocol occurs effectively between the tooth bucket (5) of a shovel (10) and the operator's cab of a shovel (6), n) determine positioning data of the bucket tooth (5) of a shovel (10), returns to a power saving mode power for 45 seconds, ñ) do not establish communication between the first device and the operator's cabin of a shovel (6), it tries again every 500 milliseconds, for a total of 20 attempts o) establish a no communication, allows to generate a new connection pattern that allows its location, p) evaluate if the communication was generated, through 20 attempts, every 500 milliseconds, q) monitor the connection pattern if it is not the same, a new communication pattern is generated with the third receiving device of the wireless signal that is in the operator's cabin of a crusher (150), and r) Integrate data collected through integration platform.
24. El método de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de la reivindicación 23 caracterizado porque en la etapa h) el área de trabajo corresponde a 40 mts. 24. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring method of claim 23, characterized in that in stage h) the work area corresponds to 40 meters.
25. El método de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de la reivindicación 23 caracterizado porque en la etapa m) el modo de ahorro de energía, se refiere a un protocolo de muy bajo consumo, en el que el microcontrolador desactiva todas las funciones del dispositivo emisor del diente del balde (5) de la pala(10), funciones generales, seleccionadas de (Antena transmisora, Antena receptora, luces LEDs) e internas seleccionadas de (memoria, entradas y salidas digitales), y a excepción del reloj oscilador, incluido dentro del microcontrolador. 25. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring method of claim 23, characterized in that in step m) the energy saving mode refers to a very low consumption protocol, in which the microcontroller deactivates all the functions of the emitter device of the tooth of the bucket (5) of the shovel (10), general functions, selected from (Transmitting antenna, Receiving antenna, LED lights) and internal selected from (memory, digital inputs and outputs), and with the exception of the oscillator clock, included inside the microcontroller.
26. El método de monitoreo de desprendimiento de diente de balde de la reivindicación 23 caracterizado porque en la etapa p) se integra mediante una plataforma que puede ser una computadora portátil, un Tablet, smartphone o cualquier dispositivo que permita la implementación de una aplicación y conexión inalámbrica. 26. The bucket tooth detachment monitoring method of claim 23, characterized in that in step p) it is integrated through a platform that can be a laptop, a tablet, a smartphone or any device that allows the implementation of an application and wireless connection.
PCT/CL2021/050019 2021-03-18 2021-03-25 System and method for monitoring the presence or absence of a tooth of a bucket in a truck hopper and in a primary crusher WO2022193032A1 (en)

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CL2021000670A CL2021000670A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2021-03-18 Monitoring system and method for the presence or absence of bucket teeth in a truck hopper and primary crusher

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Citations (4)

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WO2012107848A1 (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-16 Universidad Católica Del Norte Alarm system for detecting detachment of teeth and/or adapter in backhoe equipment blades
US20130049935A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Lee Miller Metal tooth detection and locating
US10008095B2 (en) * 2016-08-02 2018-06-26 Caterpillar Inc. Systems and methods for presence monitoring of a ground-engaging tool relative to a machine
WO2021026597A1 (en) * 2019-08-10 2021-02-18 Active Core Technology Pty Ltd Apparatus, methods, and systems of monitoring the condition of a wear component

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012107848A1 (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-16 Universidad Católica Del Norte Alarm system for detecting detachment of teeth and/or adapter in backhoe equipment blades
US20130049935A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Lee Miller Metal tooth detection and locating
US10008095B2 (en) * 2016-08-02 2018-06-26 Caterpillar Inc. Systems and methods for presence monitoring of a ground-engaging tool relative to a machine
WO2021026597A1 (en) * 2019-08-10 2021-02-18 Active Core Technology Pty Ltd Apparatus, methods, and systems of monitoring the condition of a wear component

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