WO2022176219A1 - 抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022176219A1 WO2022176219A1 PCT/JP2021/008404 JP2021008404W WO2022176219A1 WO 2022176219 A1 WO2022176219 A1 WO 2022176219A1 JP 2021008404 W JP2021008404 W JP 2021008404W WO 2022176219 A1 WO2022176219 A1 WO 2022176219A1
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- igg
- fucosylated
- inflammatory
- fucose
- acetylglucosamine
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
- C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
- C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation and a method for producing the same.
- IVIG is one of the few treatment options for autoimmune diseases such as Kawasaki disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. IVIG is manufactured by fractionating, purifying, and concentrating IgG from the plasma of thousands of healthy individuals. It has been reported that the therapeutic effect resides in the IgG-Fc portion (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2) and requires the Asn297-linked sugar chain of IgG-Fc (Non-Patent Document 2). Not clear. The sugar chains of IgG-Fc are essential for the expression of IgG effector functions such as Fc ⁇ receptor and complement activation. etc. are greatly impaired (Non-Patent Document 3).
- IgG-Fc sugar chains exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity, with fucose, galactose, sialic acid, etc. bound to a core structure consisting of heptads (Fig. 1). Monosaccharides bound to these non-reducing ends have been reported to be associated with various biological activities (Non-Patent Document 4).
- the present invention was made in view of such problems, and aims to provide a new therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases.
- the anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation of the present invention is characterized in that the IgG antibodies to be included consist of human serum IgG antibodies in which the sugar chain shown below is linked to asparagine 297 (Asn297) of the Fc portion. Characterized by where G is galactose, N is N-acetylglucosamine and M is mannose.
- the method for producing an anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation uses endoglycosidase S (Endo S) on a human serum IgG antibody to extract a sugar bound to the asparagine 297 (Asn297) residue of the Fc portion.
- Endo S endoglycosidase S
- the fucose-removing step of removing fucose bound to N-acetylglucosamine and glycosynthase were used to convert oxazoline sugar chains (GG-Ox) prepared from galactosyl glycopeptides into human serum IgG antibodies.
- new therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the heterogeneity of IgG-Fc sugar chains.
- S2F fucosylated serum IgG
- S2F non-fucosylated serum IgG
- S2F fucose is present in the sugar chain of the Fc portion of the antibody
- S2F non-fucosylated serum IgG
- FIG. 2 shows a process of forming an oxazoline sugar chain (SG-Ox) from a sugar chain released from a sialylglycopeptide by Endo S.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing that fucose is removed from IgG(S2) of the anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation according to this example by high performance liquid chromatography.
- FIG. 2 shows that normal serum IgG (95% fucosylated IgG) suppresses ADCC in a concentration-dependent manner.
- FIG. 4 shows that non-fucosylated serum IgG (S2) has a marked antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) inhibitory effect compared to fucosylated serum IgG (S2F).
- FIG. 2 is a photographic diagram showing the results of SDS electrophoresis of fucosylated serum IgG (S2F), non-fucosylated serum IgG (S2), and galactosyl non-fucosylated serum IgG (G2).
- S2F fucosylated serum IgG
- S2F non-fucosylated serum IgG
- G2 galactosyl non-fucosylated serum IgG
- FIG. 4 shows the process of forming oxazoline sugar chains (GG-Ox) from sugar chains released from galactosyl glycopeptides by Endo S.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing that fucose is removed from IgG(S2) and IgG(G2) of the anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation according to this example by high performance liquid chromatography.
- FIG. 2 shows that normal serum IgG (95% fucosylated IgG) suppresses ADCC in a concentration-dependent manner.
- FIG. 4 shows that non-fucosylated serum IgG (G2) has a marked antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) inhibitory effect compared to fucosylated serum IgG (S2F) and non-fucosylated serum IgG (S2).
- FIG. 4 shows the anti-inflammatory effect of non-galactosyl fucosylated IgG (G2) on collagen antibody-induced arthritic mice.
- the IgG antibody to be included consists of a human serum IgG antibody in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) of the Fc portion. characterized by where S is sialic acid, G is galactose, N is N-acetylglucosamine and M is mannose.
- the anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation according to this embodiment contains human serum IgG antibodies in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) of the Fc portion. characterized by becoming where G is galactose, N is N-acetylglucosamine and M is mannose.
- Immunoglobulins include, but are not limited to, antibodies and antibody fragments (scFv, Fab, Fc, F(ab')2) and other genetically engineered portions of antibodies.
- Immunoglobulins, or antibodies are a group of glycoproteins present in the serum and tissue fluids of all mammals. IgG (Immunoglobulin G) accounts for about 75-85% of the immunoglobulins in normal human serum.
- Sugar chains also play an important role in maintaining the three-dimensional structure of IgG as a whole, and there are 16 types of these sugar chains as neutralized sugar chains.
- the sugar chain structure of IgG is composed of a highly heterogeneous mixture of sugar chains, but the relative proportions of the 16 types are almost constant in healthy subjects. It is known that sugar chains in myeloma and rheumatoid arthritis patients exhibit a very specific relative ratio.
- ADCC Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- NK cells natural killer cells
- ADCC activity is considered to be one of the most important factors in the efficacy of antibody drugs.
- N-glycoside-linked sugar chains are bound to the Fc region of one molecule of IgG antibody.
- the N-glycoside-linked sugar chain of this antibody is a complex-type two-chain sugar chain with a mannosyl-chitobiose core structure as the basic structure. Diversity exists in the presence or absence of fucose at the terminal end.
- the non-fucosylated IgG having sialic acid at the terminal can be denoted as IgG (S2) (it can also be simply referred to as non-fucosylated IgG), and the non-fucosylated IgG having galactose at the terminal IgG can be designated as IgG(G2) (it can also be referred to as non-galactosyl fucosylated IgG).
- IgG(S2) has a structure in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) in the Fc portion.
- S sialic acid
- G galactose
- N N-acetylglucosamine
- M mannose
- IgG has a structure in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) in the Fc portion.
- G galactose
- N N-acetylglucosamine
- M mannose
- the IgG antibody to be included is composed of a human serum IgG antibody in which a predetermined sugar chain is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) of the Fc portion means that the predetermined sugar chain is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) of the Fc portion.
- the present human serum IgG antibody is 95% to 100% contained in the IgG antibody contained in the immunoglobulin preparation, preferably 98% to 100% contained, most preferably 100% contained.
- an anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation (where S is sialic acid, G is galactose, N is N-acetylglucosamine, and M is mannose.) is immunized by a human serum IgG antibody in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) in the Fc portion. It should be 95% to 100%, preferably 98% to 100%, most preferably 100%, in the IgG antibody included in the globulin preparation.
- an anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation (where G is Galactose, N is N-acetylglucosamine, and M is mannose.) is a human serum IgG antibody in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) of the Fc portion is included in immunoglobulin preparations. 95% to 100% coverage, preferably 98% to 100% coverage, most preferably 100% coverage in the IgG antibody used.
- IgG fucosylated IgG
- S2F fucosylated IgG
- S2F has a structure in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) in the Fc portion.
- S sialic acid
- G galactose
- N N-acetylglucosamine
- M mannose
- F fucose
- the immunoglobulin preparation of the present invention is a liquid preparation, it is used as it is or after being diluted with an appropriate solvent (e.g., distilled water for injection, physiological saline, glucose solution, etc.). After freeze-drying the immunoglobulin solution, it is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (eg, distilled water for injection, etc.) before use.
- an appropriate solvent e.g., distilled water for injection, physiological saline, glucose solution, etc.
- the administration route of the immunoglobulin preparation of the present invention is usually injection, and intravenous administration is particularly preferred.
- the dosage of the immunoglobulin preparation of the present invention is typically 50 to 1000 mg/day of immunoglobulin per 1 kg of body weight by intravenous administration for one to several days, depending on symptoms, sex, body weight, etc. The dosage may be increased or decreased.
- the immunoglobulin solution according to the present invention contains pharmacologically acceptable additives (e.g., carriers, excipients, diluents, etc.), stabilizers, or Pharmaceutically necessary ingredients may be contained.
- Stabilizers include monosaccharides such as glucose, disaccharides such as saccharose and maltose, sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol, neutral salts such as sodium chloride, amino acids such as glycine, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxy Nonionic surfactants such as propylene copolymer (Pluronic (registered trademark)) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester (Tween) are exemplified, and are preferably added in an amount of about 1 to 10 w/v%.
- Pluronic registered trademark
- Tween polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester
- Immunoglobulin preparation of the present invention is administered are not particularly limited, but examples include Kawasaki disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Antibody drugs in which fucose is removed from the sugar chain of the Fc region of monoclonal IgG antibodies have been developed for the purpose of enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (eg Mogamulizumab (trade name PoteligeoTM)).
- ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- Conventional non-fucosylated antibodies are antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies produced from mammalian host cells in which carbohydrate-related genes have been engineered, and are indicated for malignant tumors.
- the immunoglobulin according to the present invention is obtained by enzymatically removing fucose from serum-derived non-specific IgG antibodies and then transferring uniform sugar chains by chemical enzymatic reaction, and is applicable to autoimmune diseases. That is, the immunoglobulin preparation according to the present invention is used for the purpose of inhibiting unwanted immune responses caused by autoantibodies.
- the sugar chain bound to the asparagine 297 (Asn297) residue of the Fc portion of the human serum IgG antibody is cleaved with a chitobiose core, and the Asn297 residue is A sugar chain removal step of removing other than N-acetylglucosamine bound to N-acetylglucosamine and fucose bound to the N-acetylglucosamine, a fucose removal step of removing fucose bound to the N-acetylglucosamine, a glycosynthase (Endo N-acetylglucosamine conjugated to the asparagine 297 (Asn297) residue of the Fc portion of the human serum IgG antibody using N-acetylglucosamine (SG-Ox) prepared from egg yolk-derived sialylglycopeptides using S D233Q
- human serum IgG antibody is bound to the asparagine 297 (Asn297) residue of the Fc portion using endoglycosidase S (Endo S).
- the enzyme that cleaves the sugar chain bound to the asparagine 297 (Asn297) residue of the Fc portion with the chitobiose core is endoglycosidase S (Endo S).
- ⁇ -L-fucosidase The enzyme that removes fucose bound to N-acetylglucosamine is ⁇ -L-fucosidase (AlfC).
- ⁇ -L-fucosidase includes 1,2- ⁇ -L-fucosidase, 1,3- ⁇ -L-fucosidase, or 1,6- ⁇ -L-fucosidase, where 1,6- ⁇ -L-fucosidase is preferably used.
- Oxazolylated sugar chains (SG-Ox or GG-Ox) are prepared by dehydration condensation of the reducing end of sialylglycan.
- the enzyme that transfers SG-Ox or GG-Ox to deglycosylated IgG is glycosynthase (Endo S D233Q).
- Deglycosylation of Serum IgG Endo S was used as an endoglycosidase that cleaves the Fc-linked sugar chain of IgG. It was hydrolyzed between two N-acetylglucosamines in the chitobiose core of the sugar chain, leaving the disaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine and fucose and deglycosylated.
- Deglycosylated IgG was purified on Protein G-Sepharose 4 (GE).
- sialylglycan oxazoline (SG-Ox)
- the sugar chain of the sialylglycopeptide (10 mg, Tokyo Kasei) shown below was cleaved with Endo S in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0), 2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Chloride (Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) and triethylamine were added, left at 0°C for 1 hour, and SG-Ox was prepared by dehydration condensation reaction of the reducing end.
- Figure 4 shows the production process of oxazoline sugar chains (SG-Ox) from sialyl sugar chains released by Endo S.
- SG-Ox oxazoline sugar chains
- IgG(S2) and its fucosylated IgG, IgG(S2F), were confirmed to have a purity of 95% or more by SDS-PAGE (Fig. 3).
- the transglycosylation reaction of SG-Ox to GlcNAc-IgG is shown below.
- IgG(S2) and IgG(S2F) in which the sugar chain was replaced were digested with N-glycosidase F to remove the sugar chain. After liberation, they were fluorescently labeled with 2-aminobenzamide and analyzed by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- IgG(S2F) is a fucosylated IgG according to a comparative example, specifically human serum IgG in which the sugar chain shown below is bound to asparagine 297 (Asn297) in the Fc portion.
- the sugar chains of the control IgG mostly contain fucose, whereas the anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation IgG(S2) according to the present example has fucose removed. rice field.
- ADCC Suppressive (Anti-Inflammatory) Effect by Non-Fucosylated Serum IgG The anti-inflammatory action of the anti-inflammatory non-fucosylated immunoglobulin preparation according to this example was confirmed by the following method.
- the strength of the ADCC activity of anti-hapten IgG is indicated by the anti-hapten IgG concentration (EC50) that can induce 50% of the maximum level of target cell death (Cytotoxicity, Fig. 6, Y axis). It can be interpreted that the lower the EC50, the higher the ADCC activity of the specific antibody. Serum IgG was added to the ADCC measurement system at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 8 mg/ml, and the EC50 of anti-hapten IgG was compared. shift), indicating that ADCC was suppressed (Fig. 6).
- GG-Ox was prepared by dehydration condensation reaction of the reducing end.
- GG-Ox was purified on a cellulose column (Sigma-Aldrich).
- galactosyl glycopeptide is obtained by desialylation of sialyl glycopeptide using sialidase, but desialylation is possible without using an enzyme. It is also possible to obtain galactosyl glycopeptides by chemical reaction.
- Fig. 9 shows the production process of GG-Ox from sugar chains released by Endo S.
- the structure of GG-Ox is shown below.
- ADCC inhibitory (anti-inflammatory) effect of non-galactosyl-fucosylated immunoglobulin 2b-1 In vitro ADCC inhibitory (anti-inflammatory) effect Serum IgG from which fucose has been removed has an anti-inflammatory effect and has galactose at its terminal. It was discovered by the following method that the action is enhanced by the fact. As a preliminary experiment, the effect of the presence of normal serum IgG (IVIG, 95% fucosylation, FIG. 10A) on ADCC was investigated using the ADCC Reporter bioassay kit (Promega). Target cells (Raji cells) were sensitized with CD20 antibody (rituximab) (0.001-3 ⁇ g/ml, Figure 11).
- the strength of ADCC activity is indicated by the antibody concentration (EC50, Fig. 11 X-axis) capable of inducing 50% of the maximal level of target cell death (Cytotoxicity, Fig. 11 Y-axis). It can be interpreted that the smaller the EC50 value, the stronger the ADCC activity.
- Serum IgG (IVIG) was added to the ADCC measurement system at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml, and the EC50 values were compared. It was shown that the higher the value, the higher the EC50 value and the suppression of ADCC (Fig. 11).
- IVIG serum IgG
- the high-dose IVIG administration group is a positive control, the dose used for treating human inflammatory diseases.
- Phosphate buffer (PBS, 0.33 ml) was used as a negative control.
- PBS Phosphate buffer
- the degree of arthritis was evaluated on a 5-point scale (0: no change, 1: swelling of the toes, 2: swelling of the toes and soles, 3: swelling of the entire foot, 4: severe swelling), expressed as the total number of limb scores.
- the G2-treated group and the high-dose IVIG-treated group had similarly low arthritis scores (Figure 13).
- the S2, S2F, and low-dose IVIG administration groups had high arthritis scores similar to the PBS administration group.
- blood was collected by cardiac puncture under isoflurane anesthesia, and acute-phase proteins such as inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.
- the serum IL-6 concentration was the highest in the PBS group at 10.9 pg/ml, and the normal group and G2 administration group had low values of 1.3 pg/ml and 0.7 pg/ml, respectively (Fig. 14A).
- the S2, S2F, and IVIG-administered groups were 2-3 times higher than the healthy group. Serum CRP levels were also low in the G2-administered group as in the healthy group (Fig. 14B). From the above, it was confirmed that G2 exhibits a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect even in vivo.
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Abstract
Description
1a-1.血清由来IgGの精製
健常人血液から調製した血清20 mlを0.01M リン酸緩衝液(pH 7.0)で透析後、同じ緩衝液で平衡化したDiethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose 陰イオン交換カラム(DE52, Whatman Biosystems, Chalfont, St Giles, UK)(1 x 30 cm)に添加し、素通りした分画に含まれるIgGを採取した。血清IgGの糖鎖構造は、後述の通りHigh performance liquid chromatographyで分析し(図5-A)、95 %以上がフコシル化であることを確認した。
IgGのFc結合糖鎖を切断するエンドグリコシダーゼとして、Endo Sを用いた。糖鎖のキトビオースコアの2つのN-アセチルグルコサミン間を加水分解し、N-アセチルグルコサミンとフコースの二糖を残し、脱グリコシル化した。脱グリコシル化IgG は、Protein G-Sepharose 4(GE)で精製した。
フコースの除去にα-L-フコシダーゼ(AlfC)を用いた。本酵素の発現ベクターのDNA配列は以前報告され(配列番号1)、BL21(DE3)大腸菌で文献に準じて発現させる。Endo Sで脱グリコシル化したIgG にAlfC を50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4)中で37℃一晩反応させ、フコースを除去した。
下記に示すシアリルグリコペプチド(10 mg, 東京化成)を50 mM リン酸緩衝液(pH 6.0)中にてEndo Sで糖鎖を切断し、2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Chloride(東京化成)とtriethylamineを加え、0℃で1時間放置し、還元末端の脱水縮合反応によりSG-Ox を調製した。
グリコシンターゼEndo S D233Qの発現ベクターのDNA配列は文献に報告され(配列番号2)、BL21(DE3)大腸菌で発現させる。糖鎖転移反応はSG-Oxを用いて、50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4)、30℃で3時間インキュベートして行った。これにより本実施例にかかる抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤を製造した。この本実施例にかかる非フコシル化IgGをIgG(S2)と表記することができる。IgG(S2)およびそのフコシル化したIgGであるIgG(S2F)はともに純度がSDS-PAGEで95%以上であることを確認した(図3)。下記にSG-OxのGlcNAc-IgGへの糖鎖転移反応を示す。
本実施例にかかる抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤の抗炎症作用を以下の手法にて確認した。
2a-1.血清由来IgGの精製
健常人血液から調製した血清20 mlを0.01M リン酸緩衝液(pH 7.0)で透析後、同じ緩衝液で平衡化したDiethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose 陰イオン交換カラム(DE52, Whatman Biosystems, Chalfont, St Giles, UK)(1 x 30 cm)に添加し、素通りした分画に含まれるIgGを採取した。純度はSDS-PAGEで95%以上であることを確認した(図8、レーン1)。
IgGのFc結合糖鎖を切断するエンドグリコシダーゼとして、Endo Sを用いた。Endo S の発現ベクターのDNA 配列は以前報告され、BL21(DE3)大腸菌で発現させた。臭化シアン活性化Sepharose 4B ビーズに固定化したEndo Sを用いて、糖鎖のキトビオースコアの2つのN-アセチルグルコサミン間を加水分解し、N-アセチルグルコサミンとフコースの二糖を残し、脱グリコシル化した。脱グリコシル化IgG は、Protein G-Sepharose 4(GE)で精製した。
フコースの除去にα-L-フコシダーゼ(AlfC)を用いた。本酵素の発現ベクターのDNA配列は以前報告され(配列番号1)、BL21(DE3)大腸菌で文献に準じて発現させる。Endo Sで脱グリコシル化したIgG にAlfC を50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4)中で37℃一晩反応させ、フコースを除去した。
シアリルグリコペプチド(10mg, 東京化成)を50mM リン酸緩衝液 (pH 6.0) 中にてシアリダーゼ (Roche) およびSepharose固定化Endo Sと一晩37℃で反応させる。下記に示すガラクトシルグリコペプチドが中間体となり、その糖鎖が切断され、ガラクトシルグリカンが生成する。更に2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Chloride(東京化成)とtriethylamineを加え、0℃で1時間放置し、還元末端の脱水縮合反応によりGG-Ox を調製した。GG-Ox はセルロースカラム(Sigma-Aldrich)で精製した。なお上述では、シアリルグリコペプチドにシアリダーゼを用いる脱シアル化によりガラクトシルグリコペプチドを得ているが、脱シアル化は酵素を用いることなく可能であり、例えばシアリルグリコペプチドをpH1-2で熱処理する脱シアル化によりガラクトシルグリコペプチドを得ることも可能である。
グリコシンターゼEndo S D233Qの発現ベクターのDNA配列は文献に報告され、BL21(DE3)大腸菌で発現させる。糖鎖転移反応では、GG-Oxを用いて、Endo S D233Qと50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4)、30℃で4時間インキュベートして行った。これにより本実施例にかかる抗炎症性ガラクトシル非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤を製造した。この本実施例にかかるガラクトシル非フコシル化IgGをIgG(G2)と表記することができる。糖鎖の改変を確認するために、糖鎖をすげ替えたIgG(S2、S2F、G2)をN-グリコシダーゼF消化し糖鎖を遊離した後、2-aminobenzamideで蛍光標識し、High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)で分析した(図10)。下記にGG-OxのGlcNAc-IgGへの糖鎖転移反応を示す。
2b-1. in vitroでのADCC抑制(抗炎症)効果
フコースを除去した血清IgG が抗炎症作用を持ち、更にガラクトースを末端に持つ事で、その作用が増強される事を以下の方法で発見した。予備実験として、通常の血清IgG(IVIG、95%フコシル化、図10A)の存在がADCCに及ぼす影響をADCC Reporter bioassay kit(プロメガ社)により調べた。標的細胞(Raji 細胞)をCD20抗体(rituximab)で感作した(0.001~3 μg/ml, 図11)。ADCC活性の強弱は、標的細胞死(Cytotoxicity、図11 Y 軸)を最大レベルの50%誘導できる抗体濃度(EC50、図11 X 軸)で示される。EC50 値が小さいほど、ADCC 活性は強いと解釈できる。血清IgG(IVIG)を0,0.1, 1, 10 mg/ml の濃度でADCC 測定系に加えて、EC50 値を比較したところ、それぞれ、0.026, 0.032, 0.6, >2μg/mlであり、IVIG 濃度が高いほどEC50 値が上昇し、ADCC が抑制されることが示された(図11)。
ADCC抑制作用を持つ非フコシル化IgG(S2, G2)が(図12)、生体内でも抗炎症作用を発揮するか調べるために、コラーゲン抗体誘発関節炎Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) モデルマウスを用いた。Day 0にコラーゲン抗体カクテル(Chondrex, Inc. Cat.# 53010)をDBA/1Jマウス(雌、8週令、日本エスエルシー)に静脈内投与し(1.5 mg/匹)、Day 3にリポ多糖(LPS、12.5 μg/匹)を腹腔内投与し関節炎を誘発した。治療目的で、IgG(S2, S2F, G2、図8、10)をLPS投与1時間前に静脈内投与した(0.1 g/kg体重、n = 3/群)。血清IgG(IVIG)は低用量(0.1 g/kg体重)と高用量(1 g/kg体重)投与群の2用量とした。高用量IVIG投与群は陽性対照で、ヒトの炎症性疾患治療で用いる量である。陰性対照としてリン酸緩衝液(PBS、0.33 ml)を用いた。Day 3,4,6、8に関節炎の程度を5段階評価し(0:変化なし、1:足指の腫脹、2:足指および足裏の腫脹、3:足全体の腫脹、4:重度の腫脹)、四肢のスコア合計数で表した。Day 8で、G2投与群と高用量IVIG投与群は同程度に関節炎スコアが低かった(図13)。一方、S2、S2F、低用量IVIG投与群はPBS投与群と同様に関節炎スコアが高かった。Day 8にイソフルラン麻酔下で心穿刺により採血し、急性期タンパクである炎症性サイトカインInterleukin-6 (IL-6)やC反応性タンパク (CRP)を測定した。血清IL-6濃度はPBS群が10.9 pg/mlと最も高く、健常(Normal)群とG2投与群は、それぞれ1.3 pg/mlと0.7 pg/mlと低値であった(図14A)。一方、S2、S2F、IVIG投与群は健常群の2~3倍高値であった。血清CRP値もG2投与群が健常群と同様に低値であった(図14B)。以上より、G2は生体内でも著明な抗炎症作用を発揮する事が確認できた。
Claims (5)
- 自己免疫疾患の予防及び/又は治療に使用される請求項1記載の抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤。
- 前記自己免疫疾患は、川崎病、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病、ギラン・バレー症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎、自己免疫性好中球減少症、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、自己免疫性後天性凝固第VIII因子欠乏症、多発性硬化症、重症筋無力症、スティフ・パーソン症候群、多病巣性神経障害、ANCA関連血管炎、慢性関節リウマチ、全身性エリテマトーデス、天疱瘡、類天疱瘡、ベーチェット病、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、Reiter関節炎、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、限局性強皮症、全身性強皮症、Sjogren症候群、抗糸球体基底膜腎炎、原発性硬化性胆管炎、原発性抗リン脂質抗体症候群、中毒性表皮壊死症、移植片対宿主病、又は、敗血症の何れかである請求項2記載の抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤。
- ヒト血清IgG抗体にエンドグリコシダーゼ S (Endo S)を用いて、Fc部分のアスパラギン297(Asn297)残基に結合している糖鎖をキトビオースコアで切断し、Asn297残基に結合しているN-アセチルグルコサミン及び該N-アセチルグルコサミンに結合したフコース以外を除去する糖鎖除去工程と、
α-L-フコシダーゼ(AlfC)を用いて前記N-アセチルグルコサミンに結合したフコースを除去するフコース除去工程と、
グリコシンターゼ (Endo S D233Q)を用いて、ガラクトシルグリコペプチドから調製したオキサゾリン化糖鎖(GG-Ox)を、ヒト血清IgG抗体のFc部分のアスパラギン297(Asn297)残基に結合しているN-アセチルグルコサミンに転移する転移工程と、を有することを特徴とする抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤の製造方法。 - 前記フコース除去工程において、α-L-フコシダーゼは1,6-α-L-フコシダーゼであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の抗炎症性非フコシル化免疫グロブリン製剤の製造方法。
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