WO2022175632A1 - Non-reciprocal microwave component - Google Patents

Non-reciprocal microwave component Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022175632A1
WO2022175632A1 PCT/FR2022/050289 FR2022050289W WO2022175632A1 WO 2022175632 A1 WO2022175632 A1 WO 2022175632A1 FR 2022050289 W FR2022050289 W FR 2022050289W WO 2022175632 A1 WO2022175632 A1 WO 2022175632A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ferromagnetic
conductive surface
microwave component
reciprocal microwave
dielectric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2022/050289
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Aurélie VERGER
Issam MARAH
Anthony Ghiotto
Jean-Marie Pham
Original Assignee
Cobham Microwave
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Publication date
Application filed by Cobham Microwave filed Critical Cobham Microwave
Priority to EP22710651.5A priority Critical patent/EP4295443A1/en
Publication of WO2022175632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022175632A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/39—Hollow waveguide circulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-reciprocal microwave component comprising at least three waveguides and a central resonator, the central resonator comprising an upper wall and a lower wall extending on either side of a resonant volume for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, each waveguide extending along a respective axis of propagation, each waveguide comprising a propagation zone for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the central resonator and each waveguide being arranged so that electromagnetic waves can circulate between the resonant volume of the central resonator and the propagation zone of each waveguide.
  • the invention applies to the field of microwave components, in particular based on microwave transmission lines.
  • the non-reciprocal components perform essential functions such as a circulator function or an isolator function, in order to ensure routing of the radio frequency signals.
  • non-reciprocal components comprise a ferromagnetic ceramic element which, once magnetized, allows such switching.
  • a circulator comprising three waveguides extending at 120° from each other and connected, along a Y junction, to the same central ferrite resonator which gives the circulator its non-reciprocity.
  • a resonator is, conventionally, an Okada resonator comprising two identical ferrite elements stacked in a direction orthogonal to a plane in which the waveguides extend. More specifically, each ferrite element is bonded to a respective metal pad arranged between said ferrite element and a corresponding wall among two electrically conductive walls of the resonator opposite one another. In this case, the two ferrite elements are spaced apart by a dielectric layer. These metal pads play the role of a quarter-wave impedance transformer, which gives the circulator a wide bandwidth.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to propose a non-reciprocal microwave component which can be easily miniaturized, while having a satisfactory bandwidth.
  • the subject of the invention is a non-reciprocal microwave component of the aforementioned type, in which the upper wall, respectively the lower wall, comprises an upper conductive surface, respectively a lower conductive surface, oriented towards the resonance volume , the upper conductive surface extending opposite the lower conductive surface, the central resonator further comprising a first ferromagnetic element and a second ferromagnetic or dielectric element, the first ferromagnetic element and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element being arranged in the resonance volume, and being stepped in a direction orthogonal to the upper wall, being separated by a dielectric layer, the first ferromagnetic element being in contact with the upper conductive surface and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element being in contacting the lower conductive surface.
  • the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention has a gain in volume and high performance compared to the state of the art.
  • the absence of a metal stud makes it possible to obtain a thin structure for the component.
  • the non-reciprocal microwave component comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
  • the first element and the second element differ in their shapes and/or in the materials from which they are made.
  • the upper wall and/or the lower wall is a substrate comprising a metallized face, the metallized face forming the corresponding conductive surface among the upper conductive surface and the lower conductive surface.
  • the first ferromagnetic element and/or the second element when it is ferromagnetic is made of ferrite, for example a hexagonal ferrite.
  • the first ferromagnetic element and/or the second element when it is ferromagnetic is made of an anisotropic material, preferably a hexagonal ferrite.
  • the dielectric layer is a gas or vacuum layer or a solid layer.
  • the subject of the invention is an on-board radio frequency system comprising at least one non-reciprocal microwave component, as presented above.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded and perspective view of a first mode of production of a non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section view of the microwave component of FIG. 1, along a section plane orthogonal to a plane in which waveguides of said microwave component extend;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the transmission coefficient S21 of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the reflection coefficient Su of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the insulation coefficient S12 of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency.
  • a non-reciprocal microwave component 2 (hereafter called “component 2”) according to one embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Such a component 2 is, in particular, intended to provide a circulator function, or even an isolator function.
  • Component 2 is intended to be integrated into an on-board radio frequency system, in particular on board a spacecraft (not shown).
  • Component 2 comprises at least three waveguides 4 and a central resonator 6.
  • Each waveguide 4 extends along a respective propagation axis X-X and comprises a respective propagation zone 8 for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
  • the waveguides 4 are arranged around the central resonator 6, their respective axes of propagation XX extending radially from the central resonator 6, for example at 120° (Y junction) or 90° (T junction) from each other.
  • the central resonator 6 and the waveguides 4 are arranged so that electromagnetic waves can circulate between a resonant volume 10 of the central resonator 6 and the propagation zone 8 of each waveguide.
  • the central resonator 6 has an upper wall 12 and a lower wall 14.
  • the central resonator 6 further comprises a first ferromagnetic element 15A and a second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B arranged between the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14, as will be described below.
  • the second element 15B is ferromagnetic, it is preferably a ferrite.
  • the first ferromagnetic element 15A gives component 2 its non-reciprocity.
  • the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B allows impedance matching between the central resonator 6 and the waveguides 4, which gives the component 2 a wide bandwidth.
  • the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 extend on either side of the resonance volume 10 intended for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
  • Each of the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 comprises a respective conductive surface 24, able to conduct electricity.
  • the conductive surface of the upper wall is called “upper conductive surface 26" and the conductive surface of the lower wall is called “lower conductive surface 28".
  • the upper conductive surface 26 extends facing the lower conductive surface 28, the upper 26 and lower 28 conductive surfaces being arranged at a distance from each other, and each being oriented towards the resonance volume 10.
  • the upper 26 and lower 28 conductive surfaces are separated by a dielectric insulating thickness 25, for example air or vacuum.
  • At least one of the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 is a substrate conventionally used in electronics.
  • a such a substrate comprises a dielectric plate 16, made of at least one dielectric material.
  • such a dielectric plate 16 has an inner face 20 covered by a conductive layer which forms the conductive surface 24.
  • Such substrates are also likely to be used to produce the waveguides 4, according to the known principles of SIW components (from the English “Substrate Integrated Waveguide”, or waveguide integrated into the substrate) or the AFSIW (Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology or ESIW (Empty Substart Integrated Waveguide) technology.
  • SIW components from the English “Substrate Integrated Waveguide”, or waveguide integrated into the substrate
  • AFSIW Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide
  • ESIW Extra Substart Integrated Waveguide
  • the waveguide 4 is delimited, in a direction Z-Z orthogonal to the walls 12, 14, by the conductive surfaces 24, and, in a direction orthogonal to the direction Z-Z and to the axis of propagation X-X, by metal vias extending between said conductive surfaces, through additional substrates arranged between the conductive surfaces 24;
  • the waveguide 4 is delimited, along the orthogonal Z-Z direction, by the conductive surfaces 24, and, along the direction orthogonal to the Z-Z direction and to the X-X propagation axis, by metallized slices of additional substrates arranged between conductive surfaces 24.
  • At least one of the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 is entirely made of an electrically conductive material, for example machined to have the desired dimensions.
  • the first ferromagnetic element 15A gives component 2 its non-reciprocity, once it has been magnetized.
  • the ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B makes it possible to achieve impedance matching between the waveguides 4 and the central resonator 6.
  • the first ferromagnetic element 15A and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B are arranged in the resonance volume 10, and are stepped along a direction ZZ orthogonal to the walls 12, 14, the first ferromagnetic element 15A and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B being separated by a dielectric layer 30.
  • the dielectric layer 30 is a gas or vacuum layer or a solid layer such as an organic substrate or a ceramic.
  • first ferromagnetic element 15A is in contact with the upper conductive surface 26 and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B is in contact with the lower conductive surface 28.
  • first and second elements 15A and 15B differ from each other.
  • the first ferromagnetic element 15A and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B differ by their shapes and/or by the materials from which they are made.
  • each element 15A or 15B is capable of having any shape leading to desired performance of component 2, in particular satisfactory impedance matching between central resonator 6 and waveguides 4, or even reflection coefficients and/or transmission whose respective values belong to desired working ranges.
  • each element 15A or 15B has the shape of a cylinder, prism, sphere, etc.
  • the elements 15A and 15B may be made of different materials, in order to give the component 2 the desired characteristics.
  • these shapes and materials are chosen to achieve satisfactory impedance matching between the waveguides 4 and the central resonator 6.
  • the ferromagnetic element 15A, and the element 15B when it is ferromagnetic are made of an anisotropic material, such as a soft magnetic material, for example a soft ferrite magnetized by means of an external permanent magnet.
  • an anisotropic material such as a soft magnetic material, for example a soft ferrite magnetized by means of an external permanent magnet.
  • the ferromagnetic element 15A, and the element 15B when it is ferromagnetic are made of ferrite of high anisotropy, for example a hexagonal ferrite, commonly called “hexaferrite”.
  • a hexagonal ferrite commonly called “hexaferrite”.
  • a highly anisotropic ferromagnetic ceramic element, in particular hexaferrite has the property of retaining its magnetization once subjected to a magnetic field.
  • element 15B is a dielectric.
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate an example of evolution of the transmission coefficient S21, of the reflection coefficient Su and of the insulation coefficient S12, respectively, of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency.
  • the non-reciprocal microwave component has good electromagnetic performance over a wide frequency band.
  • the transmission coefficient S21 is substantially constant between the frequencies 17.3 GHz and 21.5 GHz.
  • the reflection coefficient Su and the insulation coefficient S12 have minimum values.

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a non-reciprocal microwave component that includes three waveguides and a central resonator (6) having upper walls (12) and lower walls (14) around a resonance volume (10), each waveguide having an electromagnetic wave propagation zone, the central resonator and the waveguides being arranged so that electromagnetic waves circulate between the resonance volume and the propagation zone of the waveguides, and wherein: the upper and lower walls have upper conductive surfaces (26) and lower conductive surfaces (28) oriented towards the resonance volume and facing each other; the central resonator comprises two elements, one ferromagnetic and the other ferromagnetic or dielectric (15A, 15B), in the resonance volume, staggered in a direction (Z-Z) orthogonal to the upper wall and separated by a dielectric layer (30), one element being in contact with the upper conductive surface and the other element being in contact with the lower conductive surface.

Description

COMPOSANT MICRO-ONDES NON RECIPROQUE NON RECIPROCAL MICROWAVE COMPONENT
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention concerne un composant micro-ondes non réciproque comportant au moins trois guides d'ondes et un résonateur central, le résonateur central comportant une paroi supérieure et une paroi inférieure s'étendant de part et d'autre d'un volume de résonance pour la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques, chaque guide d'ondes s'étendant suivant un axe de propagation respectif, chaque guide d'ondes comportant une zone de propagation pour la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques, le résonateur central et chaque guide d'ondes étant agencés de sorte que des ondes électromagnétiques puissent circuler entre le volume de résonance du résonateur central et la zone de propagation de chaque guide d'ondes. The present invention relates to a non-reciprocal microwave component comprising at least three waveguides and a central resonator, the central resonator comprising an upper wall and a lower wall extending on either side of a resonant volume for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, each waveguide extending along a respective axis of propagation, each waveguide comprising a propagation zone for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the central resonator and each waveguide being arranged so that electromagnetic waves can circulate between the resonant volume of the central resonator and the propagation zone of each waveguide.
L'invention s'applique au domaine des composants micro-ondes, notamment à base de lignes de transmission micro-ondes. The invention applies to the field of microwave components, in particular based on microwave transmission lines.
ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE PRIOR ART
Parmi les composants micro-ondes, les composants non-réciproques assurent des fonctions incontournables telles qu'une fonction de circulateur ou une fonction d'isolateur, et ce afin d'assurer un aiguillage des signaux radiofréquences. Among the microwave components, the non-reciprocal components perform essential functions such as a circulator function or an isolator function, in order to ensure routing of the radio frequency signals.
De façon classique, de tels composants non-réciproques comportent un élément en céramique ferromagnétique qui, une fois magnétisé, permet un tel aiguillage. Conventionally, such non-reciprocal components comprise a ferromagnetic ceramic element which, once magnetized, allows such switching.
Par exemple, il est connu de réaliser un circulateur comportant trois guides d'ondes s'étendant à 120° les uns des autres et connectés, suivant une jonction en Y, à un même résonateur central à ferrite qui confère au circulateur sa non-réciprocité. Un tel résonateur est, classiquement, un résonateur d'Okada comportant deux éléments en ferrite identiques empilés dans une direction orthogonale à un plan dans lequel s'étendent les guides d'ondes. Plus précisément, chaque élément en ferrite est collé à un plot métallique respectif agencé entre ledit élément en ferrite et une paroi correspondante parmi deux parois électriquement conductrices du résonateur en regard l'une de l'autre. Dans ce cas, les deux éléments en ferrite sont espacés par une couche diélectrique. Ces plots métalliques jouent le rôle d'un transformateur d'impédance quart d'onde, ce qui confère au circulateur une large bande-passante. For example, it is known to produce a circulator comprising three waveguides extending at 120° from each other and connected, along a Y junction, to the same central ferrite resonator which gives the circulator its non-reciprocity. . Such a resonator is, conventionally, an Okada resonator comprising two identical ferrite elements stacked in a direction orthogonal to a plane in which the waveguides extend. More specifically, each ferrite element is bonded to a respective metal pad arranged between said ferrite element and a corresponding wall among two electrically conductive walls of the resonator opposite one another. In this case, the two ferrite elements are spaced apart by a dielectric layer. These metal pads play the role of a quarter-wave impedance transformer, which gives the circulator a wide bandwidth.
Néanmoins, un tel circulateur ne donne pas entière satisfaction. Nevertheless, such a circulator does not give complete satisfaction.
En effet, le recours à de tels plots métalliques contraint à maintenir une épaisseur minimale entre les parois conductrices en regard du composant. Il en résulte qu'une telle architecture limite fortement les possibilités de miniaturisation de tels composants, ce qui est préjudiciable pour les applications spatiales, notamment, où la miniaturisation des composants ou des sous-systèmes radiofréquences constitue un enjeu capital. Indeed, the use of such metal pads constrains maintaining a minimum thickness between the conductive walls facing the component. As a result, such an architecture greatly limits the possibilities of miniaturization of such components, which is detrimental for space applications, in particular, where the miniaturization of radiofrequency components or subsystems constitutes a capital issue.
Un but de l'invention est donc de proposer un composant micro-ondes non réciproque qui puisse être facilement miniaturisé, tout en présentant une bande- passante satisfaisante. An object of the invention is therefore to propose a non-reciprocal microwave component which can be easily miniaturized, while having a satisfactory bandwidth.
EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTION DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un composant micro-ondes non réciproque du type précité, dans lequel la paroi supérieure, respectivement la paroi inférieure, comporte une surface conductrice supérieure, respectivement une surface conductrice inférieure, orientée vers le volume de résonance, la surface conductrice supérieure s'étendant en regard de la surface conductrice inférieure, le résonateur central comportant, en outre, un premier élément ferromagnétique et un deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique, le premier élément ferromagnétique et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique étant agencés dans le volume de résonance, et étant étagés suivant une direction orthogonale à la paroi supérieure en étant séparés par une couche diélectrique, le premier élément ferromagnétique étant au contact de la surface conductrice supérieure et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique étant au contact de la surface conductrice inférieure. To this end, the subject of the invention is a non-reciprocal microwave component of the aforementioned type, in which the upper wall, respectively the lower wall, comprises an upper conductive surface, respectively a lower conductive surface, oriented towards the resonance volume , the upper conductive surface extending opposite the lower conductive surface, the central resonator further comprising a first ferromagnetic element and a second ferromagnetic or dielectric element, the first ferromagnetic element and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element being arranged in the resonance volume, and being stepped in a direction orthogonal to the upper wall, being separated by a dielectric layer, the first ferromagnetic element being in contact with the upper conductive surface and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element being in contacting the lower conductive surface.
Grâce à l'invention, il est possible de fabriquer un composant micro ondes non réciproque de manière économique et rapide. En outre, le composant micro ondes non réciproque selon l'invention présente un gain en volume et de hautes performances par rapport à l'état de l'art. En particulier, l'absence de plot métallique permet d'obtenir une structure à faible épaisseur pour le composant. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to manufacture a non-reciprocal microwave component economically and quickly. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention has a gain in volume and high performance compared to the state of the art. In particular, the absence of a metal stud makes it possible to obtain a thin structure for the component.
Suivant d'autres aspects avantageux de l'invention, le composant micro ondes non réciproque comporte une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prise(s) isolément ou suivant toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles : According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the non-reciprocal microwave component comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
- le premier élément et le deuxième élément diffèrent par leurs formes et/ou par les matériaux dans lesquels ils sont réalisés. - The first element and the second element differ in their shapes and/or in the materials from which they are made.
- la paroi supérieure et/ou la paroi inférieure est un substrat comportant une face métallisée, la face métallisée formant la surface conductrice correspondante parmi la surface conductrice supérieure et la surface conductrice inférieure. - the upper wall and/or the lower wall is a substrate comprising a metallized face, the metallized face forming the corresponding conductive surface among the upper conductive surface and the lower conductive surface.
- le premier élément ferromagnétique et/ou le deuxième élément lorsqu'il est ferromagnétique est réalisé en ferrite, par exemple un ferrite hexagonal. - the first ferromagnetic element and/or the second element when it is ferromagnetic is made of ferrite, for example a hexagonal ferrite.
- le premier élément ferromagnétique et/ou le deuxième élément lorsqu'il est ferromagnétique est réalisé dans un matériau anisotrope, de préférence un ferrite hexagonal. - the first ferromagnetic element and/or the second element when it is ferromagnetic is made of an anisotropic material, preferably a hexagonal ferrite.
- la couche diélectrique est une couche de gaz ou de vide ou une couche solide. - the dielectric layer is a gas or vacuum layer or a solid layer.
En outre, l'invention a pour objet un système radiofréquence embarqué comportant au moins un composant micro-ondes non réciproque, tel que précédemment présenté. Furthermore, the subject of the invention is an on-board radio frequency system comprising at least one non-reciprocal microwave component, as presented above.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood using the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
[Fig. 1] est une vue éclatée et en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'invention ; [Fig. 1] is an exploded and perspective view of a first mode of production of a non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention;
[Fig. 2] est une vue en section du composant micro-ondes de la figure 1, selon un plan de section orthogonal à un plan dans lequel s'étendent des guides d'ondes dudit composant micro-ondes ; [Fig. 2] is a section view of the microwave component of FIG. 1, along a section plane orthogonal to a plane in which waveguides of said microwave component extend;
[Fig. 3] est un graphique illustrant l'évolution du coefficient de transmission S21 du composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'invention, en fonction de la fréquence ; [Fig. 3] is a graph illustrating the evolution of the transmission coefficient S21 of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency;
[Fig. 4] est un graphique illustrant l'évolution du coefficient de réflexion Su du composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'invention, en fonction de la fréquence ; et [Fig. 4] is a graph illustrating the evolution of the reflection coefficient Su of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency; and
[Fig. 5] est un graphique illustrant l'évolution du coefficient d'isolation S12 du composant micro-ondes non-réciproque selon l'invention, en fonction de la fréquence. [Fig. 5] is a graph illustrating the evolution of the insulation coefficient S12 of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency.
DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Un composant micro-ondes non réciproque 2 (par la suite appelé « composant 2 ») selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention est schématiquement illustré par les figures 1 et 2. A non-reciprocal microwave component 2 (hereafter called “component 2”) according to one embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2.
Un tel composant 2 est, notamment, destiné à assurer une fonction de circulateur, ou encore une fonction d'isolateur. Such a component 2 is, in particular, intended to provide a circulator function, or even an isolator function.
Le composant 2 est destiné à être intégré dans un système radiofréquence embarqué, notamment embarqué à bord d'un engin spatial (non représenté). Component 2 is intended to be integrated into an on-board radio frequency system, in particular on board a spacecraft (not shown).
Le composant 2 comporte au moins trois guides d'ondes 4 et un résonateur 6 central. Component 2 comprises at least three waveguides 4 and a central resonator 6.
Chaque guide d'onde 4 s'étend suivant un axe de propagation X-X respectif et comporte une zone de propagation 8 respective pour la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques. Each waveguide 4 extends along a respective propagation axis X-X and comprises a respective propagation zone 8 for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 1, les guides d'ondes 4 sont agencés autour du résonateur central 6, leurs axes de propagation X-X respectifs s'étendant radialement à partir du résonateur central 6, par exemple à 120° (jonction Y) ou 90 ° (jonction T) les uns des autres. As shown in Figure 1, the waveguides 4 are arranged around the central resonator 6, their respective axes of propagation XX extending radially from the central resonator 6, for example at 120° (Y junction) or 90° (T junction) from each other.
Le résonateur central 6 et les guides d'ondes 4 sont agencés de sorte que des ondes électromagnétiques puissent circuler entre un volume de résonance 10 du résonateur central 6 et la zone de propagation 8 de chaque guide d'ondes. The central resonator 6 and the waveguides 4 are arranged so that electromagnetic waves can circulate between a resonant volume 10 of the central resonator 6 and the propagation zone 8 of each waveguide.
Le résonateur central 6 comporte une paroi supérieure 12 et une paroi inférieure 14. The central resonator 6 has an upper wall 12 and a lower wall 14.
Le résonateur central 6 comporte, en outre, un premier élément ferromagnétique 15A et un deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B agencés entre la paroi supérieure 12 et la paroi inférieure 14, comme cela sera décrit par la suite. Lorsque le deuxième élément 15B est ferromagnétique, il s'agit de préférence d'un ferrite. The central resonator 6 further comprises a first ferromagnetic element 15A and a second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B arranged between the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14, as will be described below. When the second element 15B is ferromagnetic, it is preferably a ferrite.
Le premier élément ferromagnétique 15A confère au composant 2 sa non-réciprocité. Le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B autorise une adaptation d'impédance entre le résonateur central 6 et les guides d'onde 4, ce qui confère au composant 2 une large bande-passante. The first ferromagnetic element 15A gives component 2 its non-reciprocity. The second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B allows impedance matching between the central resonator 6 and the waveguides 4, which gives the component 2 a wide bandwidth.
La paroi supérieure 12 et la paroi inférieure 14 s'étendent de part et d'autre du volume de résonance 10 destiné à la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques. The upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 extend on either side of the resonance volume 10 intended for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Chacune parmi la paroi supérieure 12 et la paroi inférieure 14 comporte une surface conductrice 24 respective, apte à conduire de l'électricité. La surface conductrice de la paroi supérieure est appelée « surface conductrice supérieure 26 » et la surface conductrice de la paroi inférieure est appelée « surface conductrice inférieure 28 ». Each of the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 comprises a respective conductive surface 24, able to conduct electricity. The conductive surface of the upper wall is called "upper conductive surface 26" and the conductive surface of the lower wall is called "lower conductive surface 28".
La surface conductrice supérieure 26 s'étend en regard de la surface conductrice inférieure 28, les surfaces conductrices supérieure 26 et inférieure 28 étant agencées à distance l'une de l'autre, et étant chacune orientées vers le volume de résonance 10. Par exemple, les surfaces conductrices supérieure 26 et inférieure 28 sont séparées par une épaisseur isolante 25 diélectrique, par exemple de l'air ou du vide. The upper conductive surface 26 extends facing the lower conductive surface 28, the upper 26 and lower 28 conductive surfaces being arranged at a distance from each other, and each being oriented towards the resonance volume 10. For example , the upper 26 and lower 28 conductive surfaces are separated by a dielectric insulating thickness 25, for example air or vacuum.
A titre d'exemple, l'une au moins parmi la paroi supérieure 12 et la paroi inférieure 14 est un substrat classiquement utilisé en électronique. De façon connue, un tel substrat comporte une plaque diélectrique 16, réalisée dans au moins un matériau diélectrique. En outre, comme cela apparaît sur la figure 2, une telle plaque diélectrique 16 présente une face intérieure 20 recouverte par une couche conductrice qui forme la surface de conductrice 24. By way of example, at least one of the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 is a substrate conventionally used in electronics. As is known, a such a substrate comprises a dielectric plate 16, made of at least one dielectric material. In addition, as shown in Figure 2, such a dielectric plate 16 has an inner face 20 covered by a conductive layer which forms the conductive surface 24.
De tels substrats sont également susceptibles d'être utilisés pour réaliser les guides d'ondes 4, selon les principes connus des composants SIW (d'après l'anglais « Substrate Integrated Waveguide », ou guide d'ondes intégré au substrat) ou la technologie AFSIW (d'après l'anglais « Air-Filled Substrat Integrated waveguide ») ou la technologie ESIW (d'après l'anglais « Empty Substart Integrated Waveguide »). Par exemple : Such substrates are also likely to be used to produce the waveguides 4, according to the known principles of SIW components (from the English “Substrate Integrated Waveguide”, or waveguide integrated into the substrate) or the AFSIW (Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology or ESIW (Empty Substart Integrated Waveguide) technology. For instance :
- le guide d'ondes 4 est délimité, suivant une direction Z-Z orthogonale aux parois 12, 14, par les surfaces conductrices 24, et, suivant une direction orthogonale à la direction Z-Z et à l'axe de propagation X-X, par des vias métalliques s'étendant entre lesdites surfaces conductrices, à travers des substrats additionnels disposés entre les surfaces conductrices 24 ; ou - the waveguide 4 is delimited, in a direction Z-Z orthogonal to the walls 12, 14, by the conductive surfaces 24, and, in a direction orthogonal to the direction Z-Z and to the axis of propagation X-X, by metal vias extending between said conductive surfaces, through additional substrates arranged between the conductive surfaces 24; Where
- le guide d'ondes 4 est délimité, suivant la direction Z-Z orthogonale, par les surfaces conductrices 24, et, suivant la direction orthogonale à la direction Z-Z et à l'axe de propagation X-X, par des tranches métallisées de substrats additionnels disposés entre les surfaces conductrices 24. - the waveguide 4 is delimited, along the orthogonal Z-Z direction, by the conductive surfaces 24, and, along the direction orthogonal to the Z-Z direction and to the X-X propagation axis, by metallized slices of additional substrates arranged between conductive surfaces 24.
Alternativement, l'une au moins parmi la paroi supérieure 12 et la paroi inférieure 14 est intégralement réalisée dans un matériau électriquement conducteur, par exemple usiné pour présenter les dimensions désirées. Alternatively, at least one of the upper wall 12 and the lower wall 14 is entirely made of an electrically conductive material, for example machined to have the desired dimensions.
Comme indiqué précédemment, le premier élément ferromagnétique 15A confère au composant 2 sa non-réciprocité, une fois qu'il a été magnétisé. En outre, l'élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B permet de réaliser une adaptation d'impédance entre les guides d'ondes 4 et le résonateur central 6. As indicated previously, the first ferromagnetic element 15A gives component 2 its non-reciprocity, once it has been magnetized. In addition, the ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B makes it possible to achieve impedance matching between the waveguides 4 and the central resonator 6.
Le premier élément ferromagnétique 15A et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B sont agencés dans le volume de résonance 10, et sont étagés suivant une direction Z-Z orthogonale aux parois 12, 14, le premier élément ferromagnétique 15A et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B étant séparés par une couche diélectrique 30. La couche diélectrique 30 est une couche de gaz ou de vide ou une couche solide telle qu'un substrat organique ou une céramique. The first ferromagnetic element 15A and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B are arranged in the resonance volume 10, and are stepped along a direction ZZ orthogonal to the walls 12, 14, the first ferromagnetic element 15A and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B being separated by a dielectric layer 30. The dielectric layer 30 is a gas or vacuum layer or a solid layer such as an organic substrate or a ceramic.
En outre, le premier élément ferromagnétique 15A est au contact de la surface conductrice supérieure 26, et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B est au contact la surface conductrice inférieure 28. In addition, the first ferromagnetic element 15A is in contact with the upper conductive surface 26, and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B is in contact with the lower conductive surface 28.
Ces premier et deuxième éléments 15A et 15B diffèrent l'un de l'autre. Avantageusement, le premier élément ferromagnétique 15A et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique 15B diffèrent par leurs formes et/ou par les matériaux dans lesquels ils sont réalisés. These first and second elements 15A and 15B differ from each other. Advantageously, the first ferromagnetic element 15A and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element 15B differ by their shapes and/or by the materials from which they are made.
En fonction des caractéristiques recherchées du composant 2, les formes respectives des éléments 15A et 15B sont susceptibles d'être ajustées. Plus précisément, chaque élément 15A ou 15B est susceptible de présenter toute forme conduisant à des performances souhaitées du composant 2, en particulier une adaptation d'impédance satisfaisante entre le résonateur central 6 et les guides d'ondes 4, ou encore des coefficients de réflexion et/ou de transmission dont les valeurs respectives appartiennent à des plages de travail souhaitées. Par exemple, chaque élément 15A ou 15B présente une forme de cylindre, de prisme, de sphère, etc. Depending on the desired characteristics of component 2, the respective shapes of elements 15A and 15B can be adjusted. More specifically, each element 15A or 15B is capable of having any shape leading to desired performance of component 2, in particular satisfactory impedance matching between central resonator 6 and waveguides 4, or even reflection coefficients and/or transmission whose respective values belong to desired working ranges. For example, each element 15A or 15B has the shape of a cylinder, prism, sphere, etc.
En outre, les éléments 15A et 15B sont susceptibles d'être réalisés des matériaux différents, et ce en vue de conférer au composant 2 des caractéristiques souhaitées. En particulier, ces formes et matériaux sont choisis pour réaliser une adaptation d'impédance satisfaisante entre les guides d'ondes 4 et le résonateur central 6. In addition, the elements 15A and 15B may be made of different materials, in order to give the component 2 the desired characteristics. In particular, these shapes and materials are chosen to achieve satisfactory impedance matching between the waveguides 4 and the central resonator 6.
De préférence, l'élément ferromagnétique 15A, et l'élément 15B lorsqu'il est ferromagnétique sont réalisés dans un matériau anisotrope, tel qu'un matériau magnétique doux, par exemple un ferrite doux magnétisé au moyen d'un aimant permanent externe. Preferably, the ferromagnetic element 15A, and the element 15B when it is ferromagnetic, are made of an anisotropic material, such as a soft magnetic material, for example a soft ferrite magnetized by means of an external permanent magnet.
De préférence encore, l'élément ferromagnétique 15A, et l'élément 15B lorsqu'il est ferromagnétique sont réalisés en ferrite de forte anisotropie, par exemple un ferrite hexagonal, communément appelé « hexaferrite ». Le recours à un tel matériau est avantageux dans la mesure où il rend superflue l'application, lors du fonctionnement du composant 2, d'un champ magnétique externe destiné à polariser lesdits éléments ferromagnétiques. En effet, un élément en céramique ferromagnétique fortement anisotrope, notamment en hexaferrite, présente la propriété de conserver son aimantation une fois soumis à un champ magnétique. En variante, l'élément 15B est un diélectrique. Preferably again, the ferromagnetic element 15A, and the element 15B when it is ferromagnetic, are made of ferrite of high anisotropy, for example a hexagonal ferrite, commonly called “hexaferrite”. The use of such a material is advantageous insofar as it makes superfluous the application, during operation of the component 2, an external magnetic field intended to polarize said ferromagnetic elements. Indeed, a highly anisotropic ferromagnetic ceramic element, in particular hexaferrite, has the property of retaining its magnetization once subjected to a magnetic field. Alternatively, element 15B is a dielectric.
Les figures 3, 4 et 5 illustrent un exemple d'évolution du coefficient de transmission S21, du coefficient de réflexion Su et du coefficient d'isolation S12, respectivement, du composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'invention, en fonction de la fréquence. Le composant micro-ondes non réciproque a de bonnes performances électromagnétiques sur une large bande de fréquences. Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate an example of evolution of the transmission coefficient S21, of the reflection coefficient Su and of the insulation coefficient S12, respectively, of the non-reciprocal microwave component according to the invention, as a function of the frequency. The non-reciprocal microwave component has good electromagnetic performance over a wide frequency band.
Dans la bande de fréquence comprise entre 13 et 25 GHz, on constate que le coefficient de transmission S21 est sensiblement constant entre les fréquences 17,3 GHz et 21,5 GHz. In the frequency band between 13 and 25 GHz, it can be seen that the transmission coefficient S21 is substantially constant between the frequencies 17.3 GHz and 21.5 GHz.
Entre ces mêmes fréquences 17,3 GHz et 21,5 GHz, le coefficient de réflexion Su et le coefficient d'isolation S12 ont des valeurs minimales. Between these same frequencies 17.3 GHz and 21.5 GHz, the reflection coefficient Su and the insulation coefficient S12 have minimum values.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Composant micro-ondes non réciproque (2) comportant au moins trois guides d'ondes (4) et un résonateur central (6), le résonateur central comportant une paroi supérieure (12) et une paroi inférieure (14) s'étendant de part et d'autre d'un volume de résonance (10) pour la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques, chaque guide d'ondes s'étendant suivant un axe de propagation (X-X) respectif, chaque guide d'ondes comportant une zone de propagation pour la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques, le résonateur central et chaque guide d'ondes étant agencés de sorte que des ondes électromagnétiques puissent circuler entre le volume de résonance du résonateur central et la zone de propagation de chaque guide d'ondes, le composant micro-ondes non réciproque (2) étant caractérisé en ce que la paroi supérieure, respectivement la paroi inférieure, comporte une surface conductrice supérieure (26) , respectivement une surface conductrice inférieure (28), orientée vers le volume de résonance, la surface conductrice supérieure s'étendant en regard de la surface conductrice inférieure, le résonateur central comportant, en outre, un premier élément ferromagnétique (15A) et un deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique (15B), le premier élément ferromagnétique et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique étant agencés dans le volume de résonance, et étant étagés suivant une direction orthogonale à la paroi supérieure en étant séparés par une couche diélectrique (30), le premier élément ferromagnétique étant au contact de la surface conductrice supérieure et le deuxième élément ferromagnétique ou diélectrique étant au contact de la surface conductrice inférieure. 1. Non-reciprocal microwave component (2) comprising at least three waveguides (4) and a central resonator (6), the central resonator comprising an upper wall (12) and a lower wall (14) extending on either side of a resonance volume (10) for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, each waveguide extending along a respective propagation axis (XX), each waveguide comprising a zone of propagation for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the central resonator and each waveguide being arranged so that electromagnetic waves can circulate between the resonant volume of the central resonator and the propagation zone of each waveguide, the component non-reciprocal microwave (2) being characterized in that the upper wall, respectively the lower wall, comprises an upper conductive surface (26), respectively a lower conductive surface (28), oriented towards the resonance volume, the surf upper conductive face extending opposite the lower conductive surface, the central resonator further comprising a first ferromagnetic element (15A) and a second ferromagnetic or dielectric element (15B), the first ferromagnetic element and the second ferromagnetic element or dielectric being arranged in the resonance volume, and being stepped in a direction orthogonal to the upper wall, being separated by a dielectric layer (30), the first ferromagnetic element being in contact with the upper conductive surface and the second ferromagnetic or dielectric element being in contact with the lower conductive surface.
2. Composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier élément (15A) et le deuxième élément (15B) diffèrent par leurs formes et/ou par les matériaux dans lesquels ils sont réalisés. 2. Non-reciprocal microwave component according to claim 1, in which the first element (15A) and the second element (15B) differ in their shapes and/or in the materials from which they are made.
3. Composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la paroi supérieure et/ou la paroi inférieure est un substrat comportant une face métallisée, la face métallisée formant la surface conductrice correspondante parmi la surface conductrice supérieure et la surface conductrice inférieure. 3. Non-reciprocal microwave component according to claim 1 or 2, in which the upper wall and/or the lower wall is a substrate comprising a metallized face, the metallized face forming the corresponding conductive surface among the upper conductive surface and the surface lower conductor.
4. Composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le premier élément ferromagnétique (15A) et/ou le deuxième élément (15B) lorsqu'il est ferromagnétique est réalisé en ferrite, par exemple un ferrite hexagonal. 4. Non-reciprocal microwave component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the first ferromagnetic element (15A) and/or the second element (15B) when it is ferromagnetic is made of ferrite, for example a hexagonal ferrite.
5. Composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le premier élément ferromagnétique (15A) et/ou le deuxième élément (15B) lorsqu'il est ferromagnétique est réalisé dans un matériau anisotrope, de préférence un ferrite hexagonal. 5. Non-reciprocal microwave component according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the first ferromagnetic element (15A) and/or the second element (15B) when it is ferromagnetic is made of an anisotropic material, of preferably a hexagonal ferrite.
6. Composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la couche diélectrique (30) est une couche de gaz ou de vide ou une couche solide. 6. A non-reciprocal microwave component according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dielectric layer (30) is a gas or vacuum layer or a solid layer.
7. Système radiofréquence embarqué comportant au moins un composant micro-ondes non réciproque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6. 7. On-board radio frequency system comprising at least one non-reciprocal microwave component according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
PCT/FR2022/050289 2021-02-17 2022-02-17 Non-reciprocal microwave component WO2022175632A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

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US3714608A (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-01-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband circulator having multiple resonance modes
CN207116652U (en) * 2017-08-02 2018-03-16 成都八九九科技有限公司 A kind of contracting waveguide circulator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714608A (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-01-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband circulator having multiple resonance modes
CN207116652U (en) * 2017-08-02 2018-03-16 成都八九九科技有限公司 A kind of contracting waveguide circulator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BEGUHN S ET AL: "Wideband ferrite substrate integrated waveguide isolator using shape anisotropy", J. APPL. PHYS. J. APPL. PHYS, 7 January 2014 (2014-01-07), pages 17 - 503, XP055858232, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4854895> [retrieved on 20211105] *

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