WO2022166052A1 - 一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物 - Google Patents

一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166052A1
WO2022166052A1 PCT/CN2021/098768 CN2021098768W WO2022166052A1 WO 2022166052 A1 WO2022166052 A1 WO 2022166052A1 CN 2021098768 W CN2021098768 W CN 2021098768W WO 2022166052 A1 WO2022166052 A1 WO 2022166052A1
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Prior art keywords
air
fresh air
air supply
room
house
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PCT/CN2021/098768
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴捷
沈景华
陈守恭
彭旭辉
田雨
李东会
韩冬辰
田真
薛朝阳
李晓晗
张洁
徐樑
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苏州大学
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Publication of WO2022166052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166052A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of house construction, and in particular relates to a displacement ventilation type building with gridded air supply.
  • displacement ventilation The principle of displacement ventilation is based on the rise of hot air and the fall of cold air due to the difference in air density.
  • the air is supplied from the bottom of the room at a wind speed of less than 0.2m/s, which is lower than the indoor air temperature.
  • Displacement ventilation systems have been used in industrial buildings with high heat loads in Europe for more than 40 years. In 1978, a foundry in Berlin, Germany, first adopted a displacement ventilation system. In the past 30 years, displacement ventilation systems have gradually become popular in non-industrial buildings in Nordic countries, such as office buildings, schools, theaters, etc., such as the Copenhagen Grand Theater in Denmark.
  • the displacement ventilation in the prior art only pays attention to the air supply mode of the lower supply and the upper exhaust. How to set the fresh air outlet to achieve a more optimized displacement ventilation effect is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a displacement ventilation type building with gridded air supply to avoid cross infection.
  • a displacement ventilation type building with gridded air supply comprising a room body, an air supply system for inputting fresh air into the interior of the room body, An exhaust system and a cooling and heating system for discharging air containing stagnant air inside, a plurality of personnel gathering belts are arranged in the house, and the air supply system includes a fresh air outlet communicated with the inside of the house and a The temperature of the fresh air sent by the air supply system is adjusted to a fresh air temperature adjustment device that is not higher than the set temperature.
  • It includes a turbid gas receiving end that communicates with the inside of the room, the location of the turbid gas receiving end is higher than the position of the mouth and nose of the people gathering belt, and the cooling and heating system an indoor cooling and heating device for cooling or heating air to a set temperature, and a fresh air cooling and heating device for cooling and heating the fresh air sent by the air supply system to a temperature lower than the set temperature,
  • One or more fresh air delivery ends are arranged below one side of each of the people gathering belts, and one or more fresh air delivery ends are arranged between two adjacent people gathering belts, and the other side is above the other side. Or one or more of the dirty gas receiving ends are arranged directly above.
  • the room is divided into a first upright column space and a second upright column space which are alternately arranged in the horizontal direction, and the personnel gathering belt is arranged in the first upright column space.
  • the fresh air sending end is arranged in the second vertical cylindrical space, and the dirty gas receiving end is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space.
  • the fresh air sending end is a fiber cloth air pipe.
  • the air supply system further includes an air supply fan for feeding air into the room under positive pressure
  • the exhaust system further includes an exhaust fan for pulling air out of the room with negative pressure
  • the fresh air sending end is set on the bottom of the house body
  • the dirty gas receiving end is set on the top of the house body.
  • the air supply system further includes an air filter for filtering suspended particles, a sterilizing device for sterilizing and sterilizing, and a dehumidifying device for removing moisture.
  • the house is a sealed and thermally insulated house
  • the sealed and thermally insulated house includes a bottom, a wall and a top
  • the bottom of the sealed and thermally insulated house includes the ground and a ground thermal insulation layer disposed outside the ground
  • the sealed thermal insulation The wall of the house body includes a wall body and a wall body insulation layer provided on the outer side of the wall body
  • the top of the sealed insulation house body comprises a roof and a roof insulation layer provided on the outer side of the roof body.
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the grid-based air-supplied displacement-ventilated building disclosed in the present invention adopts grid-based distributed displacement ventilation for an open large space, For different areas and space ranges, set up ventilation ducts from the bottom to the top to control the distance between the fresh air delivery end and the air intake end of the exhaust system, so that when people inhale fresh air, the turbid air is discharged in the shortest path.
  • the present invention controls turbid air by replacing turbid air with fresh air, focusing on controlling the direction and path of turbid air and discharging it in time, without the need for simultaneous replacement Whole house air; avoid cross contamination until foul air is exhausted. Controlling turbid air is an upgraded version of replacement ventilation.
  • this technical solution pays more attention to the control and timely discharge of turbid air flow, shortening the residence time of turbid air in the room (avoiding self-locking of turbid air, and controlling the supply and exhaust air "fresh air- People (turbid air)-exhaust "path"), to avoid the flow of turbid air from people to people (the distance of air supply and exhaust is long, and the passage of different people), large space gridded fresh air technology, control and realize the airflow path "fresh air- Human body-exhaust", avoid “fresh air-human-human-exhaust", so as to avoid cross infection.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of indoor smoke distribution during displacement ventilation in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is the composition block diagram of the building in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the airflow in the building according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10 sealed thermal insulation house; 11, ground; 12, ground thermal insulation layer; 13, wall; 14, wall thermal insulation layer; 15, roof; 16, roof thermal insulation layer; 17, low thermal conductivity surface; 61, indoor Refrigeration and heating device; 20. Air supply system; 21. Fresh air sending end; 22. Air supply fan; 62. Fresh air cooling and heating device; 30. Exhaust system; 31. Turbid gas receiving end; 32. Exhaust fan; 40, ventilation heat recovery system; 41, air supply conveying device; 42, exhaust air conveying device; 50, environmental source heat exchange system; 51, fluid conveying device; 52, closed internal circulation fluid.
  • orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relational word determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of each component or element of the present disclosure, and does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure, and should not be construed as a reference to the present disclosure. public restrictions.
  • terms such as “fixed connection”, “connected”, “connected”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it may be a fixed connection, an integral connection or a detachable connection; it may be directly connected, or through an intermediate connection. The medium is indirectly connected.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined according to specific situations, and should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure.
  • a displacement ventilation type building with gridded air supply includes a room body 10 , an air supply system 20 for supplying fresh air to the interior of the room body 10 , and a 10.
  • An exhaust system 30 and a cooling and heating system that contain turbid air inside the house 10 are arranged. Multiple personnel gathering belts are arranged in the house 10.
  • the air supply system 20 includes a fresh air outlet 21 that communicates with the house 10 and is used
  • a fresh air temperature adjusting device (not shown in the figure) that adjusts the temperature of the fresh air sent by the air supply system 20 to a temperature not higher than the set temperature.
  • 30 includes a turbid air receiving end 31 that communicates with the interior of the room 10.
  • the location of the turbid air receiving end 31 is higher than the location where the mouth and nose of the human body are gathered with people.
  • the cooling and heating system includes cooling or heating the air in the room 10.
  • One or more fresh air sending ends 21 are arranged below one side of each of the people gathering belts, and one or more fresh air sending ends 21 are arranged between two adjacent personnel gathering belts, and are arranged above or just above the other side There are one or more dirty gas receiving ends 31 .
  • this technical solution pays more attention to the control and timely discharge of turbid air flow, shortening the residence time of turbid air in the room (avoiding self-locking of turbid air, and controlling the supply and exhaust air "fresh air- People (turbid air)-exhaust "path"), to avoid the flow of turbid air from people to people (the distance of air supply and exhaust is long, and the passage of different people), large space gridded fresh air technology, control and realize the airflow path "fresh air- Human body-exhaust", avoid “fresh air-human-human-exhaust", so as to avoid cross infection
  • the room body 10 is divided into a first upright column space and a second upright column space which are alternately arranged in the horizontal direction, and the personnel gathering belt is arranged in the first upright column space.
  • the fresh air sending end 21 is arranged in the second vertical cylindrical space
  • the dirty gas receiving end 31 is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space.
  • the fresh air sending end 21 is a fiber cloth air duct.
  • a diffuser or the like may be used at the fresh air sending end.
  • the air supply system 20 further includes an air supply fan 22 for feeding air into the room 10 under positive pressure
  • the exhaust system 30 further includes an exhaust fan 22 for extracting negative air pressure out of the room 10 .
  • Air blower 32 In other embodiments, the above-mentioned air supply fan and the air supply fan are not provided, and only the exhaust fan is provided.
  • the fresh air sending end 21 is provided on the bottom of the house body 10
  • the dirty gas receiving end 31 is provided on the top of the house body 10 .
  • the air supply system further includes an air filter (not shown in the figure) for filtering suspended particles, a disinfection device (not shown in the figure) and a dehumidification device (not shown in the figure) .
  • the house body 10 is a sealed thermal insulation house body
  • the sealed thermal insulation house body includes a bottom, a wall and a top
  • the bottom of the sealed thermal insulation house body includes a ground 11 and a ground thermal insulation layer 12 disposed outside the ground 11
  • the walls of the sealed and thermally insulated house include a wall 13 and a wall thermal insulation layer 14 disposed outside the wall 13
  • the top of the sealed thermally insulated house includes a roof 15 and a roof thermal insulation layer 16 disposed outside the roof 15 .
  • the above-mentioned buildings are low-energy-consumption buildings, and the low-energy-consumption buildings further include a ventilation heat recovery system 40 and an environmental source heat exchange system 50.
  • the above-mentioned environmental source heat exchange system 50 includes a The fluid conveying device 51 for heat exchange, the fluid output from the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air in the room 10 and/or the fluid output from the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air sent into the room 10 .
  • the above-mentioned indoor heating device 61 is a radiant cooling and heating device.
  • the above-mentioned radiant cooling and heating device is a cold and heat radiant floor, and the inlet of the fluid conveying device 51 is communicated with the closed inner circulating fluid 52 .
  • the outlet of the fluid delivery device 51 is connected to the coils of the cooling and heating radiant floor.
  • the ventilation heat recovery system 40 includes an air supply conveying device 41 and an exhaust air conveying device 42 for heat exchange, the fresh air sending end 21 is communicated with the air supply conveying device 41, and the dirty gas receiving end 31 is connected with the exhaust air conveying device 41.
  • the wind conveying device 42 communicates.
  • the air supply conveying device 41 and the exhaust air conveying device 42 are pipes.
  • the set temperature is the indoor temperature
  • the set temperature is 20°C-26°C
  • the temperature of the fresh air sent from the fresh air outlet 21 is not more than 3°C lower than the set temperature.
  • the set temperature may be other temperatures, as long as the temperature is suitable.
  • the upper surface of the indoor space of the sealed thermal insulation house 10 is a low thermal conductivity surface 17, and the thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductivity surface 17 is less than or equal to 0.1W/(mK).
  • the upper surface of the indoor space and the upper section of the side surface of the sealed and insulated house body are both low thermal conductivity surfaces.
  • the low thermal conductivity surface 17 is a surface of a low thermal conductivity material coating
  • the low thermal conductivity material coating is polystyrene particle thermal insulation mortar or aerogel thermal insulation material or inorganic fiber spray thermal insulation material.
  • the low thermal conductivity surface may be the surface of the low thermal conductivity material plate body.
  • the low thermal conductivity material board body is cork board, thermal insulation gypsum board or glass fiber board.
  • the low-energy building is one of an ultra-low energy building based on passive house technology, a near-zero energy building, a zero-energy building, a zero-carbon building, a carbon-neutral building, and an energy-efficient building. .
  • the air fed into the sealed and insulated house 10 is firstly distributed uniformly in the lower part, and then flows upward, encounters a heat source, is heated, flows upward slowly, and is pulled out from the upper part of the sealed and insulated house 10 .
  • a heat source in order to avoid the diffusion of hot and dirty gas in the room, choose to arrange the fresh air outlet from the bottom between the personnel gathering belts. , Do not let the hot and dirty gas on one side diffuse to the other side, through the floor heat radiation, and the heat provided by the indoor human body heat source, the cold air slowly rises and rises, and reaches the top area of the ceiling together with the hot pollution generated in the room.
  • the ceiling top area between different human bodies is discharged outdoors, and there is almost no polluting gas in the working area, avoiding indoor cross-infection and improving indoor environmental health. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of fresh air and reduce the demand for fresh air, thereby reducing energy consumption.
  • This method can use displacement ventilation in indoor winter, summer and plum rainy season (that is, the weather in southern China where dew condensation occurs in the room under natural conditions, also known as "Huangmeitian” or "Back to Nantian”), so that fresh air and indoor hot polluted gas can be fed into the room. It will not mix and form a laminar flow, and the indoor hot dirty gas will rise to the ceiling area and be discharged into the room to avoid indoor cross-infection.
  • the fresh air is cooled (the temperature of the fresh air is less than 3°C lower than the room temperature) and sent in at a low speed from the bottom of the room, and the fresh air is slowly diffused at the bottom of the room.
  • the outdoor fresh air is only filtered, and the heat exchanger (the temperature of the fresh air is less than 3°C lower than the room temperature) is directly fed into the indoor bottom at a low wind speed and slowly, forming a cold wind lake near the bottom, plus the floor heat radiation, the cold air is uniform Heated slowly rising, the formation of laminar flow.
  • the hot and turbid air exhaled by people also rises and is discharged outside the room above the room.
  • the purpose of adding thermal insulation coating on the surface of the ceiling is to prevent the hot and dirty gas from cooling down quickly and then to mix with other air after contacting the ceiling, so as to reduce the residence time of the hot and dirty gas in the room and avoid indoor cross-infection.
  • displacement ventilation the turbid air does not spread laterally in the bottom area of the room, and is directly brought to the upper part of the room by the upward airflow to the non-personal stay area, creating a comfortable and healthy environment for the work area.
  • Embodiment 1 realizes indoor airflow control by regulating various factors affecting indoor temperature, wind direction and wind speed, that is, regulating factors affecting air flow, especially the path of turbid air, so as to discharge turbid air in time, thereby avoiding cross-infection.
  • the specific technical measures are as follows:
  • the lower part slowly sends cold air (fresh air slightly lower than room temperature) passing through the heat exchanger at a wind speed of no more than 0.2m/s.
  • cold air fresh air slightly lower than room temperature
  • ground radiant heating is used instead of hot air to avoid turbulence and form an indoor "cold wind lake”.
  • ground radiation cooling is used to ensure a comfortable room temperature, and fresh air cooling is used to provide fresh air slightly lower than room temperature, so as to avoid turbulence and form a "cold wind lake”.
  • the return air outlet (air outlet) is as close as possible to the source of the turbid gas, and the shortest path is exhausted, but the short circuit between the air supply end and the air exhaust end should be avoided.

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Abstract

提供了一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括房体（10）、送风***（20）、排风***（30）以及制冷制热***，房体（10）内布置有多个人员聚集带，送风***（20）包括与房体（10）内部连通的新风送出端（21），新风送出端（21）所在位置低于人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，排风***（30）包括与房体（10）内部连通的浊气接收端（31），浊气接收端（31）所在位置高于人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，每个人员聚集带的一侧下方布置有一个或多个新风送出端（21）且相邻两个人员聚集带之间布置有一个或多个新风送出端（21），另一侧上方或正上方布置有一个或多个浊气接收端（31）。使人在吸入全新风的同时，浊气以最短路径被排出，避免浊气中途经过周边其他的人，或中途发生新风和浊气混合，从而避免交叉污染。

Description

一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物 技术领域
本发明属于房屋建筑技术领域，具体涉及一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物。
背景技术
置换通风的原理是基于空气密度差形成的热空气上升和冷空气下降。以小于0.2m/s风速，低于室内空气温度从房间底部送风。置换通风***应用于欧洲的高热负荷工业建筑已有40多年，1978年德国柏林的一家铸造车间首先采用了置换通风装置。近30年置换通风***在北欧国家的非工业建筑中也逐渐流行起来,如写字楼、学校、剧院等，例如丹麦哥本哈根大剧院。在我国，清华大学对置换通风与混合通风(稀释通风)在供冷季运行情况进行了研究，得出置换通风更节能；同时对置换通风不同风量下颗粒分布进行了研究，结果表明，风量对不同粒径的颗粒分部影响很大，小粒径颗粒(PM2.5)在房间上部区域浓度比较大，大粒径颗粒(PM10)在房间下部区域浓度比较大。同济大学建立气流实验室对置换通风气流特性进行了试验分析研究，并通过改变围护结构的传热系数,简要分析其对气流组织的影响,提供了评价置换通风方式舒适性的参考数据；同时也开展了置换通风和冷却顶板复合***的分析研究。东华大学多次参与法国LET实验室关于置换通风***干扰因素的实验研究，例如水蒸气对置换通风***性能的影响。华中科技大学学者应用CFD技术对置换通风***的参数设计进行了研究，提出置换通风***各项参数的确定方法，使得设计的***既能保证室内较高的空气品质，又能防止出现垂直温差过大及吹风感等现象。随着计算流体力学在暖通中的应用，相应开展了大量置换通风流场、温度场、浓度场和含湿量分布的数值模拟的研究，取得了不少重要成果。参见图1，为置换通风时室内烟雾分布图。置换通风用新风置换全屋空气，排出屋内原来的空气，即借助室内人体热源的热羽流形成近似 活塞流进行室内空气的置换。
现有技术中的置换通风只关注到下送上排的送风方式，关于新风送出端如何设置才能实现更优化的置换通风效果是本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，避免交叉感染。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下的技术方案：一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括房体、向所述房体内部输入新鲜空气的送风***、将所述房体内部含有浊气的空气排出的排风***以及制冷制热***，所述房体内布置有多个人员聚集带，所述送风***包括与所述房体内部连通的新风送出端和用于将所述送风***所送新风温度调节至不高于所述设定温度的新风温度调节装置，所述新风送出端所在位置低于所述人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，所述排风***包括与所述房体内部连通的浊气接收端，所述浊气接收端所在位置高于所述人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，所述制冷制热***包括对所述密封保温房体内的空气进行制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置和用于将所述送风***所送新风进行制冷制热至低于所述设定温度的新风制冷制热装置，
每个所述人员聚集带的一侧下方布置有一个或多个所述新风送出端且相邻两个所述人员聚集带之间布置有一个或多个所述新风送出端，另一侧上方或正上方布置有一个或多个所述浊气接收端。
进一步的，所述房体内被划分为沿水平方向依次交替布置的第一竖立状柱形空间和第二竖立状柱形空间，所述人员聚集带布置在所述第一竖立状柱形空间中，所述新风送出端布置在所述第二竖立状柱形空间中，所述浊气接收端布置在所述第一竖立状柱形空间中或所述第二竖立状柱形空间中。
进一步的，所述新风送出端为纤维布风管。
进一步的，所述送风***还包括用于将空气正压送入所述房体内的送风风机，所述排风***还包括将空气负压抽出所述房体外的排风风机。
进一步的，所述新风送出端设于所述房体的底部上，所述浊气接收端设于所述房体的顶部上。
进一步的，所述送风***还包括用于过滤悬浮微粒的空气过滤器、用于杀菌消毒的消毒装置以及用于除去湿气的除湿装置。
进一步的，所述房体为密封保温房体，所述密封保温房体包括底部、墙壁以及顶部，所述密封保温房体的底部包括地面和设于所述地面外侧的地面保温层，密封保温房体的墙壁包括墙体和设于所述墙体外侧的墙体保温层，所述密封保温房体的顶部包括屋顶和设于所述屋顶外侧的屋顶保温层。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明公开的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，对开敞式大空间，采用网格化分布式置换通风，对不同的区域和空间范围，设置下送上排通风管道，控制新风送出端和排风***的进风端之间的距离，使人在吸入全新风的同时，浊气以最短路径被排出，避免浊气中途经过周边其他的人，或中途发生新风和浊气混合，从而避免交叉污染；本发明管控浊气即用新风替换浊气，侧重管控浊气流向、路径并及时排出，无需同时置换全屋空气；在浊气排出之前，要避免交叉感染。管控浊气是置换通风的升级版，相比置换通风，本技术方案更注重浊气气流的管控和及时排出，缩短浊气在室内停留时间(避免浊气自锁，控制送排风“新风-人(浊气)-排风”路径)，避免浊气从人到人的流动(送排风距离较远，途径不同人员)，大空间网格化新风技术，管控并实现气流路径“新风-人体-排风”，避免“新风-人体-人体-排风”，从而避免交叉感染。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请 的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为现有技术中置换通风时室内烟雾分布示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一中建筑物的组成方框图；
图3为本发明实施例一中建筑物内的气流流动示意图。
其中，10、密封保温房体；11、地面；12、地面保温层；13、墙体；14、墙体保温层；15、屋顶；16、屋顶保温层；17、低导热表面；61、室内制冷制热装置；20、送风***；21、新风送出端；22、送风风机；62、新风制冷制热装置；30、排风***；31、浊气接收端；32、排风风机；40、通风热回收***；41、送风输送装置；42、排风输送装置；50、环境源热交换***；51、流体输送装置；52、封闭内循环流体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。在本公开中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本公开的限制。本公开中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以是固定连接,也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸 连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
以下为用于说明本发明的一较佳实施例，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例一
参见图2至图3，如其中的图例所示，一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括房体10、向房体10内部输入新鲜空气的送风***20、将房体10内部含有浊气的空气排出的排风***30以及制冷制热***，房体10内布置有多个人员聚集带，送风***20包括与房体10内部连通的新风送出端21和用于将送风***20所送新风温度调节至不高于设定温度的新风温度调节装置(图中未示出)，新风送出端21所在位置低于人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，排风***30包括与房体10内部连通的浊气接收端31，浊气接收端31所在位置高于人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，制冷制热***包括对房体10内的空气进行制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置61和用于将送风***20所送新风进行制冷制热至低于设定温度的新风制冷制热装置62，
每个所述人员聚集带的一侧下方布置有一个或多个新风送出端21且相邻两个人员聚集带之间布置有一个或多个新风送出端21，另一侧上方或正上方布置有一个或多个浊气接收端31。
上述技术方案中，对开敞式大空间，采用网格化分布式置换通风，对不同的区域和空间范围，设置下送上排通风管道，控制新风送出端和排风***的进风端之间的距离，使人在吸入全新风的同时，浊气以最短路径被排出，避免浊气中途经过周边其他的人，或中途发生新风和浊气混合，从而避免交叉污染；本发明管控浊气即用新风替换浊气，侧重管控浊气流向、路径并及时排出，无需同时置换全屋空气；在浊气排出之前，要避免交叉感染。管控浊气是置换通风的升级版，相比置换通风，本技术方案更注重浊气气流的管控和及时排出，缩短浊气在室内 停留时间(避免浊气自锁，控制送排风“新风-人(浊气)-排风”路径)，避免浊气从人到人的流动(送排风距离较远，途径不同人员)，大空间网格化新风技术，管控并实现气流路径“新风-人体-排风”，避免“新风-人体-人体-排风”，从而避免交叉感染
本实施例中优选的实施方式，房体10内被划分为沿水平方向依次交替布置的第一竖立状柱形空间和第二竖立状柱形空间，人员聚集带布置在第一竖立状柱形空间中，新风送出端21布置在第二竖立状柱形空间中，浊气接收端31布置在第一竖立状柱形空间中或第二竖立状柱形空间中。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，新风送出端21为纤维布风管。在其他实施例中还可以是：新风送出端采用散流器等。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，送风***20还包括用于将空气正压送入房体10内的送风风机22，排风***30还包括将空气负压抽出房体10外的排风风机32。在其他实施例中还可以是：不设置上述送风风机送风风机，仅设置排风风机。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，新风送出端21设于房体10的底部上，浊气接收端31设于房体10的顶部上。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，送风***还包括用于过滤悬浮微粒的空气过滤器(图中未示出)、消毒装置(图中未示出)以及除湿装置(图中未示出)。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，房体10为密封保温房体，密封保温房体包括底部、墙壁以及顶部，密封保温房体的底部包括地面11和设于地面11外侧的地面保温层12，密封保温房体的墙壁包括墙体13和设于墙体13外侧的墙体保温层14，密封保温房体的顶部包括屋顶15和设于屋顶15外侧的屋顶保温层16。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，上述建筑物为低能耗建筑物，低能耗建筑物还包括通风热回收***40和环境源热交换***50，上述环境源热交换***50包括用于与自然环境进行热交换的流体输送装置51，流体输送装置51输出的流体与 房体10内的空气进行热交换和/或流体输送装置51输出的流体与送入房体10内的空气进行热交换。
上述室内制热装置61为辐射式制冷制热装置。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，上述辐射式制冷制热装置为冷热辐射地板，流体输送装置51的入口与封闭内循环流体52连通。流体输送装置51的出口与冷热辐射地板的盘管接通。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，通风热回收***40包括进行热交换的送风输送装置41和排风输送装置42，新风送出端21与送风输送装置41连通，浊气接收端31与排风输送装置42连通。送风输送装置41和排风输送装置42为管道。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，上述设定温度为室内温度，上述设定温度为20℃-26℃，新风送出端21送出的新风温度低于设定温度不超过3℃。在其他实施例中还可以是：设定温度为其他温度，只要温度适宜即可。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，密封保温房体10的室内空间上表面为低导热表面17，低导热表面17的导热系数小于或等于0.1W/(mK)。在其他实施例中还可以是：密封保温房体的室内空间上表面和侧表面上段均为低导热表面。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，低导热表面17为低导热材质涂层的表面，低导热材质涂层为聚苯颗粒保温砂浆或气凝胶保温材料或无机纤维喷涂保温材料。在其他实施例中还可以是：低导热表面为低导热材质板体的表面。所述低导热材质板体为软木板或保温石膏板或玻璃纤维板。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，低能耗建筑物为基于被动房技术的超低能耗建筑、近零能耗建筑、零能耗建筑、零碳建筑、碳中和建筑、产能房中的一者。
本实施例中优选的实施方式中，送入密封保温房体10内的空气先在下部均匀分布，随后向上流动，遇到热源，受热，缓缓向上流动，并在上部抽出密封保温房体10。在体积大的办公室/房间，为了避免在热污浊气体在室内扩散，选择 从人员聚集带之间的底部布置新风送出端，新风送出端均匀送出速度小于0.2m/s的冷风，新风向两边扩散，不让一侧的热污浊气体扩散到另一侧，经地板热辐射，以及室内人体热源提供的热量，冷风缓慢升温上升，和室内产生的热污浊一起到达天花板顶部区域，随之。在不同人体之间的天花板顶部区域排出室外，在工作区几乎无污染气体，避免室内交叉感染，提高室内环境健康。同时，可提高新风利用率，降低新风需求量，从而可降低能耗。本方法可以在室内冬夏季及梅雨季节采用置换通风(即中国南方地区自然状态下室内会结露的天气，亦称“黄梅天”或“回南天”)，使送入新风与室内热污浊气体不会混合，形成层流，室内热污浊气体上升至天花板区域，排出室内，避免室内交叉感染。在夏季供冷期，新风制冷(新风温度低于室温3℃以内)后从室内底部以低速送入，新鲜空气慢慢在室内底部弥散开，遇到室内人体热源，受热，缓缓上升。在冬季供暖期，室外新风仅经过过滤，和热交换器(新风温度低于室温3℃以内)直接在室内底部低风速徐徐送入，在底部附近形成冷风湖，加上地板热辐射，冷风均匀受热缓慢上升，形成层流。人呼出的热浊气也随着上升，在室内上方排出室外。天花板表面加保温涂层的目的是，在热浊气接触天花板后，不会迅速冷却再下沉与其他空气混合，减少热污浊气体在室内的滞留时间，避免室内交叉感染。运用置换通风，浊气在房间底部区域无横向扩散，被上升气流直接带到房间上部非人员停留区，为工作区创造了舒适又健康的环境。对于春秋季室外气温温和的季节，建议采用开窗自然通风，是避免室内交叉感染的最佳方法。
上述实施例一中的建筑物通过调控影响室内气温、风向和风速等各种因素，即调控影响气流尤其是浊气路径的因素，实现室内气流管控，及时排出浊气，从而避免交叉感染。具体技术措施如下：
1.排除外部环境对室内环境的影响和干扰，采用符合建筑物技术要求的高气密高保温以及机械通风(新风)***。普通建筑容易受外部环境影响：
①气密性不好的建筑会产生渗漏风，从而导致室内空气混合；
②未使用保温隔热效果好的外门窗，门窗表面温度低导致附近空气向下流动，室内空气易循环流动；
③没有机械通风时，开窗会对气流和温度有所影响；
④房间整体温差对气流所带来的影响。
2.避免天花板表面和上部墙面散热导致降低邻近浊气气温而使浊气下沉，避免浊气在中间层自锁而无法排出，采用低导热性表面材料或涂料。
3.下部以不超过0.2m/s的风速徐徐送经过热交换器的冷风(略低于室温的新风)，冬季用地面辐射采暖代替送热风，避免紊流，形成室内“冷风湖”。夏季，用地面辐射制冷保证舒适室温，用新风制冷提供略低于室温的新风，从而避免紊流，形成“冷风湖”。
4.遵循冷空气下沉、热空气上升的自然规律，采用下送冷风(新风)上排浊气。
①在需要避免交叉感染的工况下实现只对新风制冷，不使用循环风；
②在需要避免交叉感染的工况下，四季维持略低于室温且可接受的温度，温差不超过3℃。
5.冬季采用地板大面积低温采暖，避免集中热源(如暖气片)或不均衡采暖(如一侧墙面采暖)干扰室内气流。同时可避免室内垂直温度梯度过大；
6.对开敞式大空间实施网格化分布式管控气流，遵循“新风-人体-浊气-排出”的气流路径，避免“人体-浊气-人体”的气流走向：
①回风口(排风口)尽可能靠近浊气源头，最短路径排走，但要避免送风端和排风端短路。
②人流密集的正上方建立回风口，气流走向尽可能垂直向上(回风和新风形 成一个垂直走向，形成垂直气流管控)总之，原则一：避免浊气“人传人”，原则二“尽快排出”浊气。
以上为对本发明实施例的描述，通过对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括房体、向所述房体内部输入新鲜空气的送风***、将所述房体内部含有浊气的空气排出的排风***以及制冷制热***，所述房体内布置有多个人员聚集带，所述送风***包括与所述房体内部连通的新风送出端和用于将所述送风***所送新风温度调节至不高于所述设定温度的新风温度调节装置，所述新风送出端所在位置低于所述人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，所述排风***包括与所述房体内部连通的浊气接收端，所述浊气接收端所在位置高于所述人员聚集带人体口鼻所在位置，所述制冷制热***包括对所述房体内的空气进行制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置和用于将所述送风***所送新风进行制冷制热至低于所述设定温度的新风制冷制热装置，其特征在于：
    每个所述人员聚集带的一侧下方布置有一个或多个所述新风送出端且相邻两个所述人员聚集带之间布置有一个或多个所述新风送出端，另一侧上方或正上方布置有一个或多个所述浊气接收端。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述房体内被划分为沿水平方向依次交替布置的第一竖立状柱形空间和第二竖立状柱形空间，所述人员聚集带布置在所述第一竖立状柱形空间中，所述新风送出端布置在所述第二竖立状柱形空间中，所述浊气接收端布置在所述第一竖立状柱形空间中或所述第二竖立状柱形空间中。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述新风送出端为纤维布风管。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述送风***还包括用于将空气正压送入所述房体内的送风风机，所述排风***还包括将空气负压抽出所述房体外的排风风机。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述 新风送出端设于所述房体的底部上，所述浊气接收端设于所述房体的顶部上。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述送风***还包括用于过滤悬浮微粒的空气过滤器、用于杀菌消毒的消毒装置以及用于除去湿气的除湿装置。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的网格化送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述房体为密封保温房体，所述密封保温房体包括底部、墙壁以及顶部，所述密封保温房体的底部包括地面和设于所述地面外侧的地面保温层，密封保温房体的墙壁包括墙体和设于所述墙体外侧的墙体保温层，所述密封保温房体的顶部包括屋顶和设于所述屋顶外侧的屋顶保温层。
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