WO2022136424A1 - Schutzschaltgerät und verfahren - Google Patents
Schutzschaltgerät und verfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022136424A1 WO2022136424A1 PCT/EP2021/087081 EP2021087081W WO2022136424A1 WO 2022136424 A1 WO2022136424 A1 WO 2022136424A1 EP 2021087081 W EP2021087081 W EP 2021087081W WO 2022136424 A1 WO2022136424 A1 WO 2022136424A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- current
- current threshold
- threshold value
- low
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010001267 Protein Subunits Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
- H01H71/125—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit characterised by sensing elements, e.g. current transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interrupting unit and a method for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interrupting unit.
- Low-voltage circuit or network or system are circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 125 amps, more specifically up to 63 amps.
- Low-voltage circuits are circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 50 amps, 40 amps, 32 amps, 25 amps, 16 amps or 10 amps are meant.
- the current values mentioned mean in particular nominal, rated and/or cut-off currents, i. H . the maximum current that is normally conducted through the circuit or . where the electrical circuit is usually interrupted, for example by a protective device such as a protective switching device, miniature circuit breaker or circuit breaker.
- Miniature circuit breakers are built electromechanically. In a housing, they have a mechanical switching contact or Shunt trip for interrupting (tripping) the electrical current on .
- a bimetallic protective element or Bimetallic element used to trigger (interruption) in the event of prolonged overcurrent (overcurrent protection) or in the event of thermal overload (overload protection).
- An electromagnetic release with a coil is used for short-term release when an overcurrent limit value is exceeded or used in the event of a short circuit (short circuit protection).
- One or more arc quenching chamber(s) or Arc extinguishing devices are provided. Furthermore, connection elements for conductors of the electrical circuit to be protected.
- the time-dependent value from the angular velocity w and the time t corresponds to the time-dependent angle cp(t), which is also referred to as the phase angle cp(t).
- an (electronic) protective switching device for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating current circuit, having:
- a housing with first, in particular the mains side, and second, in particular the load side, connections for conductors of the low-voltage circuit,
- a mechanical isolating contact unit which is connected in series with an electronic interrupting unit, in particular the mechanical isolating contact unit being assigned to the (second) load-side connections and the electronic interrupting unit to the (first) network-side connections,
- the electronic interruption unit can be switched by semiconductor-based switching elements to a high-impedance state of the switching elements to avoid current flow or a low-impedance state of the switching elements to current flow in the low-voltage circuit
- a current sensor unit for determining the level of the current of the low-voltage circuit, such that the instantaneous current values are available
- a control unit which is connected to the current sensor unit, the voltage sensor unit, the mechanical isolating contact unit and the electronic interrupter unit, wherein when at least one current threshold value is exceeded (in particular in terms of amount), avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated,
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the at least one current threshold value is adjusted as a function of the magnitude of the voltage in the low-voltage circuit.
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the at least one current threshold value is adjusted as a function of the magnitude of the voltage in such a way that the at least one current threshold value is reduced as the voltage decreases and that the at least one current threshold value is increased as the voltage increases. is increased in particular up to a maximum value of the at least one current threshold value.
- the current threshold value (the current threshold) is advantageously reduced at low voltages, since at low voltages and high currents there can be a greater heat input, which is then better recognized in order to improve the current-carrying capacity or Heat capacity, in particular of the electronic interruption unit, more specifically its (power) semiconductor, to the maximum.
- AC voltages alternating voltages
- B. 10V very small voltage
- a shutdown does not take place immediately when the short circuit occurs, since only a small short-circuit current flows due to the low voltage.
- the AC voltage at the connection on the energy source side (mains connection) increases, so that a sufficiently large current flows for the shutdown.
- This delayed shutdown represents an increased thermal load for the electronic interruption unit, in particular its semiconductor-based switching elements (the electronic switch), since the semiconductor chip used in the semiconductor-based switching elements of the electronic interruption unit has a very small thermal capacity and thus a very small thermal time constant (typically less than 1 ms ) .
- the solution described reduces at low torque tan value of the voltage is the current threshold for switching off the electronic interruption unit, so that it also switches off quickly at low voltages and the semiconductor-based switching elements or the semiconductor chip of the electronic interruption unit is protected against thermal destruction.
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the instantaneous current value of the determined level of the current is compared with the at least one current threshold value by means of an analog comparator in such a way that if the amount of the current exceeds the amount of the at least one current threshold value, the avoidance of the current flow of the low-voltage circuit is initiated.
- Exceeding the magnitude of the current by the magnitude of the at least one current threshold value in this context means exceeding the current threshold value when the current value is positive and falling below a negative current threshold value (the same amount) when the current value is negative (alternating current). This could also be realized by comparing the amounts. This has the particular advantage that rapid avoidance of a current flow (switching off) is achieved, in particular by the electronic interruption unit.
- instantaneous current value is meant, for example, an analog instantaneous current value that represents the magnitude of the current by an equivalent, such as an electrical voltage (voltage signal), with the magnitude of the voltage representing the magnitude of the current.
- an analog instantaneous current value is an analog measured value of the current, which is present as an electrical voltage signal, which depicts the course of the current as an equivalent.
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the level of the voltage is converted into a digital voltage value, the amount of the voltage value is determined by the amplitude of the voltage voltage value is subtracted, then the result is multiplied by a factor (k3), the resulting result gives a correction value which is subtracted from the at least one current threshold value in order to obtain a (time-varying) adjusted current threshold value.
- the invention are from the (periodic) time course of the level of the voltage (AC voltage), d. H . of the instantaneous voltage values, dependent (periodic) instantaneous current threshold values before .
- the instantaneous current values are compared (particularly phase-related) with the instantaneous current threshold values. If the instantaneous current threshold value is exceeded (in terms of absolute value), an interruption of the low-voltage circuit is initiated.
- the (periodic) instantaneous current threshold values have a minimum value that is greater than zero.
- this minimum value is in the range of 5 to 20% of the maximum value, ie. H . the maximum current threshold value.
- the low-voltage circuit has a voltage profile that is sinusoidal over time (ideal case).
- the low-voltage circuit is a low-voltage AC circuit.
- the instantaneous current threshold values likewise have a time-related, in particular amount-related, (approximately) sinusoidal current curve.
- the zero crossing or the area of the zero crossing has a (absolute) minimum value that is greater than zero, in particular this minimum value is in the range of 5 to 20% of the maximum value, d. H . the maximum current threshold value.
- the time curves of voltage and current threshold values are phase-related such that the point in time of the amplitude (maximum value) of the voltage corresponds to the point in time of the amplitude (maximum value) of the current threshold value.
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the control unit has an analog first subunit and a digital second subunit.
- the first sub-unit has an (analog) (current) comparator to which the instantaneous (analog) current values and the instantaneous (analog) current threshold values, the latter in particular from the second sub-unit, are supplied.
- the current threshold values are provided phase-related according to the time profile of the voltage from the second subunit. This becomes a enables a phase-related comparison of the instantaneous current values with the instantaneous current threshold values based on the time profile of the voltage. With which an interruption of the low-voltage circuit can be initiated when the (instantaneous) current threshold values are exceeded.
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that a network synchronization unit is provided. From the instantaneous voltage values supplied, this determines at least one phase angle (cp(t)) of the voltage and alternatively the amplitude (U) of the voltage.
- the instantaneous current values are compared phase-related with the instantaneous current threshold values to determine the initiation of avoidance of a current flow (interruption).
- an avoidance of the current flow is primarily initiated by the electronic interruption unit.
- a galvanic interruption can be initiated by the mechanical isolating contact system.
- a corresponding method for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with electronic (semiconductor-based) switching elements with the same and additional advantages.
- the mechanical isolating contact unit being switched by opening contacts to prevent a current flow or by closing the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit can be switched by semiconductor-based switching elements in a high-impedance state of the switching elements to avoid a current flow or in a low-impedance state of the switching elements for current flow in the low-voltage circuit, the level of the voltage of the low-voltage circuit being determined such that the instantaneous voltage values are present, the magnitude of the current in the low-voltage circuit being determined in such a way that the (analog) instantaneous current values are present, with when it is exceeded (in particular the amount) of the instantaneous
- the at least one current threshold value is adjusted as a function of the level of the voltage in such a way that the at least one current threshold value is reduced as the voltage decreases and that the at least one current threshold value is increased as the voltage increases, in particular up to a maximum value of the at least a current threshold is increased.
- the computer program product includes instructions which, when the program is executed by a microcontroller (microprocessor), cause the security to improve or improve the safety of such a protective switching device. to achieve greater security in the electrical low-voltage circuit to be protected by the protective switching device, specifically that the electronic interruption unit reliably prevents an electrical current flow.
- the microcontroller microprocessor
- the microcontroller is part of the protective switching device, in particular the control unit.
- a corresponding computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program product is stored is claimed.
- Figure 1 is a first representation of a protective switching device
- Figure 2 shows a second representation of a protective switching device
- FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the protective switching device
- FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the protective switching device
- FIG. 1 shows a representation of a protective switching device SG for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating current circuit, with a housing GEH, comprising:
- connection ES consumer-side connection
- the load-side connection can have a passive load (consumer) and/or an active load ((further) energy source, or a load that can be both passive and active, eg in a chronological sequence;
- a voltage sensor unit SU for determining the magnitude of the voltage of the low-voltage circuit, so that instantaneous voltage values (phase-related voltage values) DU are present, instantaneous (phase-angle-related) voltage values mean in particular analog instantaneous voltage values, d. H . for example an analogue equivalent that indicates the magnitude of the voltage, for example an analogue voltage whose magnitude corresponds to that of the electrical voltage,
- a current sensor unit SI for determining the level of the current of the low-voltage circuit, such that instantaneous (phase angle-related) current values DI are present, instantaneous (phase angle-related) current values mean in particular analog instantaneous current values, d. H . for example an analogue equivalent that indicates the magnitude of the current, for example an analogue voltage whose magnitude corresponds to that of the electric current, -
- An electronic interruption unit EU which has a high-impedance state of the switching elements to avoid (in particular interruption) a current flow and a low-impedance state of the switching elements to current flow in the low-voltage circuit due to semiconductor-based switching elements,
- a mechanical isolating contact unit MK which can be switched by opening contacts to avoid a current flow or by closing the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit
- a control unit SE which is connected to the voltage sensor unit SU, the current sensor unit S I, the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the electronic interruption unit EU.
- the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is electrically connected in series with the electronic interruption unit EU.
- the control unit SE can :
- a digital circuit e.g. B. with a microprocessor
- the microprocessor can also contain an analog part
- the protective switching device SG in particular the control unit SE, is designed such that when at least one current threshold value is exceeded, avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, in particular initiated in a first step by the electronic interruption unit EU.
- the electronic interruption unit EU is switched from the low-impedance state to the high-impedance state to interrupt the low-voltage circuit.
- the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the at least one current threshold value is adjusted as a function of the level of the voltage in the low-voltage circuit.
- D. H at least one current threshold value is provided, when it is exceeded (in particular in terms of absolute value) an avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated. This one current threshold value is then adjusted as a function of the level of the voltage. This would provide a simple solution for the invention.
- phase angle-related current threshold values can also be provided, in particular instantaneous/phase angle-related current threshold values can be provided, so that depending on the phase angle of the electrical voltage or of the electric current a momentary resp. phase angle-related comparison is carried out. These current or Phase angle related current thresholds can then be adjusted depending on the magnitude of the voltage.
- an adapted instantaneous or phase angle-related current threshold can be made available (or a set of adjusted current thresholds for each half-wave - adjustment every 10 ms in a low-voltage AC circuit with a mains frequency of 50 Hz).
- a comparison can be made to the effect that the (periodic) time profile of the level of the voltage or (periodic) instantaneous current threshold values dependent on the determined instantaneous voltage values are present.
- the instantaneous current thresholds may be continuous or phase angle wise.
- the instantaneous current threshold values can be per individual phase angle, a phase angle range (several phase angles), z. B. every 2°, or a phase angle intercept (a Part of a phase angle), for example every 0.5° or 0.1°.
- a resolution of 1° to 5° is particularly advantageous (this corresponds to a sampling rate of 3.5 to 20 kHz).
- the instantaneous current values are compared phase-related with the instantaneous current threshold values. If the amount of the instantaneous current threshold value is exceeded by the amount of the instantaneous current value, an interruption of the low-voltage circuit is initiated, e.g. by a first interruption signal TRIP from the control unit SE to the electronic interruption unit EU, as shown in FIG.
- the electronic interruption unit EU is shown in FIG. 1 as a block in both conductors.
- At least one conductor, in particular the active conductor or phase conductor, has semiconductor-based switching elements.
- the neutral conductor can be free of switching elements, i.e. without semiconductor-based switching elements. I.e. the neutral conductor is directly connected, i.e. it does not become highly resistive. I.e. there is only a single-pole interruption (of the phase conductor). If further active conductors/phase conductors are provided, in a second variant of the electronic interruption unit EU the phase conductors have semiconductor-based switching elements.
- the neutral conductor is connected directly, i.e. it does not become highly resistive. For example, for a three-phase AC circuit.
- the neutral conductor can also have a semiconductor-based switching element, i.e. if the electronic interruption unit EU is interrupted, both conductors become highly resistive.
- the electronic interruption unit EU can have semiconductor components such as bipolar transistors, field effect transistors (FET), isolated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), metal oxide layer field effect transistors (MOSFET) or other (self-commutated) power semiconductors.
- FET field effect transistors
- IGBT isolated gate bipolar transistors
- MOSFET metal oxide layer field effect transistors
- IGBTs and MOSFETs in particular are particularly well suited for the protective switching device according to the invention due to low flow resistances, high junction resistances and good switching behavior.
- the protective switching device SG can preferably have a mechanical isolating contact system MK in accordance with the standard with standard-compliant isolating properties for galvanic isolation of the circuit, in particular for standard-compliant isolating (as opposed to disconnecting) the circuit.
- the mechanical isolating contact system MK is connected to the control unit SE, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the control unit SE can initiate a galvanic isolation of the circuit.
- an overcurrent detection can be provided, for example in the control unit SE, in the event of overcurrents, d. H . if current time limits are exceeded, i .e . H . if a current that exceeds a current limit value is present for a certain time, d. H .
- a certain energy threshold value is exceeded, a semiconductor-based and/or galvanic interruption of the circuit occurs.
- galvanic isolation can also be initiated.
- the galvanic interruption of the low-voltage circuit is initiated, for example, by a further second interruption signal TRIPG, which is sent from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact system MK, as shown in FIG.
- the MK mechanical isolating contact system can interrupt on a single pole.
- D. H . only one conductor of the two conductors, in particular the active conductor or phase conductor, is interrupted, d . H . has a mechanical contact.
- the neutral conductor is then contact-free, i. H . the neutral wire is directly connected .
- phase conductors have mechanical contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system.
- the neutral conductor is directly connected in this second variant. For example, for a three-phase AC circuit.
- the neutral conductor also has mechanical contacts, as shown in FIG.
- the mechanical isolating contact system MK means, in particular, a (standard-compliant) isolating function, implemented by the isolating contact system MK.
- the isolating function means the points: -minimum clearance according to the standard (minimum distance between the contacts), -contact position display of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system, -opening of the mechanical isolating contact system is always possible (no blocking of the isolating contact system by the handle), so-called trip-free release.
- the isolating function and its properties are based on the DIN EN 60947 or IEC 60947 series of standards, to which reference is made here.
- the isolating contact system is advantageously characterized by a minimum clearance of the open isolating contacts in the exhibition (open position, open contacts) as a function of the rated impulse withstand voltage and the degree of pollution.
- the minimum clearance is in particular between (at least) 0.01 mm and 14 mm.
- the minimum clearance is advantageously between 0.01 mm at 0.33 kV and 14 mm at 12 kV, in particular for pollution degree 1 and in particular for inhomogeneous fields.
- the voltage and current threshold values over time are phase-synchronized in such a way that the point in time of the amplitude (maximum value) of the voltage corresponds to the point in time of the amplitude (maximum value) of the current threshold value, as shown in Figure 5.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180086348.5A CN116670795A (zh) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | 保护开关装置和方法 |
US18/258,609 US20240047152A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Circuit breaker device and method |
EP21844264.8A EP4241291A1 (de) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Schutzschaltgerät und verfahren |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020216416.9 | 2020-12-21 | ||
DE102020216416.9A DE102020216416A1 (de) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren |
EP21216099.8 | 2021-12-20 | ||
EP21216099 | 2021-12-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022136424A1 true WO2022136424A1 (de) | 2022-06-30 |
Family
ID=79686814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/087081 WO2022136424A1 (de) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Schutzschaltgerät und verfahren |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240047152A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4241291A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022136424A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202009014759U1 (de) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-02-18 | E. Dold & Söhne KG | Halbleiterrelais mit integriertem mechanischem Schaltelement zur Lastkreisunterbrechung (Hybridrelais) |
US20160358722A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-12-08 | Ramasamy Lakshmanan | Intelligent wireless and wired control of devices |
US20170004948A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2017-01-05 | Google Inc. | Electrical circuit protector |
US20200366078A1 (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2020-11-19 | Amber Solutions, Inc. | Intelligent circuit breakers |
-
2021
- 2021-12-21 EP EP21844264.8A patent/EP4241291A1/de active Pending
- 2021-12-21 WO PCT/EP2021/087081 patent/WO2022136424A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-12-21 US US18/258,609 patent/US20240047152A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202009014759U1 (de) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-02-18 | E. Dold & Söhne KG | Halbleiterrelais mit integriertem mechanischem Schaltelement zur Lastkreisunterbrechung (Hybridrelais) |
US20170004948A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2017-01-05 | Google Inc. | Electrical circuit protector |
US20160358722A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-12-08 | Ramasamy Lakshmanan | Intelligent wireless and wired control of devices |
US20200366078A1 (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2020-11-19 | Amber Solutions, Inc. | Intelligent circuit breakers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4241291A1 (de) | 2023-09-13 |
US20240047152A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
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