WO2022135070A1 - 惯性导航方法及设备 - Google Patents

惯性导航方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022135070A1
WO2022135070A1 PCT/CN2021/133976 CN2021133976W WO2022135070A1 WO 2022135070 A1 WO2022135070 A1 WO 2022135070A1 CN 2021133976 W CN2021133976 W CN 2021133976W WO 2022135070 A1 WO2022135070 A1 WO 2022135070A1
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acceleration data
kalman filter
data
mobile terminal
inertial navigation
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PCT/CN2021/133976
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭为
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北京紫光展锐通信技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022135070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022135070A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of inertial navigation, and in particular, to an inertial navigation method and device.
  • the Inertial Navigation System takes Newton's laws of mechanics as its working principle, uses the inertial measurement element installed on the carrier to measure the acceleration information of the carrier, and obtains the navigation parameters such as the displacement and velocity of the carrier through integral operation.
  • Inertial navigation has complete autonomy and anti-interference, and has high accuracy in a short period of time.
  • some errors will inevitably be introduced in the entire integration process, and the error will change with time. Accumulated, resulting in poor accuracy for long-term navigation work.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an inertial navigation method and device, which can effectively reduce the integral error in the inertial navigation and improve the precision of the inertial navigation.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an inertial navigation method, which is applied to a mobile terminal, and the method includes:
  • the acceleration data is processed based on the first Kalman filter to obtain error data corresponding to the acceleration data, and the first Kalman filter is a zero-order Kalman filter;
  • the target acceleration data is processed based on the second Kalman filter to obtain motion data of the mobile terminal.
  • the acceleration data is processed based on the error data to obtain processed target acceleration data, including:
  • a difference between the acceleration data and the error data is calculated, and the difference is determined as the target acceleration data.
  • the target acceleration data is processed based on the second Kalman filter to obtain the motion data of the mobile terminal, including:
  • the second Kalman filter is a second-order Kalman filter.
  • an inertial navigation device which is applied to a mobile terminal, and the device includes:
  • a measurement module configured to obtain acceleration data of the mobile terminal by measuring the acceleration measurement device of the mobile terminal
  • the first processing module is configured to process the acceleration data based on the first Kalman filter, obtain error data corresponding to the acceleration data, and process the acceleration data based on the error data to obtain the processed acceleration data.
  • target acceleration data the first Kalman filter is a zero-order Kalman filter;
  • the second processing module is configured to process the target acceleration data based on the second Kalman filter to obtain motion data of the mobile terminal.
  • the first processing module is used for:
  • a difference between the acceleration data and the error data is calculated, and the difference is determined as the target acceleration data.
  • the second processing module is used for:
  • the second Kalman filter is a second-order Kalman filter.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a mobile terminal, including at least one processor and a memory;
  • the memory stores computer-executable instructions
  • the at least one processor executes computer-implemented instructions stored in the memory, causing the at least one processor to perform the inertial navigation method as provided by the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the inertial navigation provided in the first aspect is implemented method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the inertial navigation method provided in the first aspect.
  • the acceleration data of the mobile terminal is obtained by measuring the acceleration measurement device of the mobile terminal
  • the acceleration data is processed based on the first Kalman filter to obtain the corresponding acceleration data.
  • error data and use the error data to process the acceleration data to obtain the processed target acceleration data, and then process the above-mentioned target acceleration data based on the second Kalman filter to obtain the velocity data and displacement data of the mobile terminal
  • the first Kalman filter is a zero-order Kalman filter.
  • the first Kalman filter is used to process the acceleration data, so that the error of the acceleration data can be eliminated in real time, and then the second Kalman filter is used to process the acceleration data.
  • the controller calculates the motion data of the mobile terminal, so that the integration error can be eliminated in real time during the inertial navigation process, and the accuracy of the inertial navigation can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inertial navigation processing system provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an inertial navigation method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a curve of acceleration data obtained by measurement in an embodiment of the application and error data processed by the first Kalman filter;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the speed data curve obtained after being processed by the first Kalman filter and the second Kalman filter simultaneously and the speed data curve obtained without being processed by the first Kalman filter in the embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 5 is the comparative schematic diagram of the displacement data curve obtained after the first Kalman filter and the second Kalman filter are processed simultaneously in the embodiment of the application and the displacement data curve obtained without being processed by the first Kalman filter;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a program module of an inertial navigation device provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Inertial Navigation System also known as inertial reference system
  • inertial reference system is an autonomous navigation system that does not rely on external information and does not radiate energy to the outside (such as radio navigation). Its working environment includes not only the air, the ground, but also underwater.
  • the basic working principle of inertial navigation is based on Newton's laws of mechanics. By measuring the acceleration of the mobile terminal in the inertial reference frame, integrating it with time, and transforming it into the navigation coordinate system, the mobile terminal can be obtained. Information such as velocity, yaw angle, and displacement in the navigation coordinate system.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an inertial navigation method. After the acceleration data of the mobile terminal is measured, the zero-order Kalman filter is used to eliminate the error of the acceleration data, and then the second Kalman filter is used. The controller calculates the motion data of the mobile terminal, so that the integration error can be eliminated in real time during the inertial navigation process, and the accuracy of the inertial navigation can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inertial navigation processing system provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first Kalman filter is used to process the acceleration data to obtain error data corresponding to the acceleration data, and then the above-mentioned acceleration data are processed based on the obtained error data.
  • the processed target acceleration data is processed by the second Kalman filter, and the velocity data and displacement data of the mobile terminal can be obtained.
  • the second Kalman filter is a schematic structural diagram of an inertial navigation processing system provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an inertial navigation method provided by an embodiment of the present application, which can be applied to a mobile terminal.
  • the above inertial navigation method includes:
  • the above-mentioned mobile terminal may be a mobile phone, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a POS machine, or the like.
  • the above acceleration measurement device may use an acceleration sensor.
  • an acceleration sensor composed of a mass block, a damper, an elastic element, a sensitive element and an adaptive circuit can be obtained by using Newton's second law by measuring the inertial force on the mass block during the acceleration process of the mobile terminal. acceleration value.
  • the types of acceleration sensors that can be used include capacitive acceleration sensors, inductive acceleration sensors, strain-type acceleration sensors, piezoresistive acceleration sensors, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, and the like.
  • S202 Process the acceleration data based on the first Kalman filter to obtain error data corresponding to the acceleration data.
  • the calculation of the Kalman filter is based on the state equation, so the state equation of the inertial navigation system needs to be determined first.
  • the state equation is set as:
  • X(k) is the current state
  • X(k+1) is the state at the next moment
  • is the transition matrix
  • B is the control matrix
  • u is the control quantity
  • is the noise matrix
  • W is the system noise
  • Y is the output quantity
  • H is the output matrix
  • V is the observation noise. That is, the observed output at this moment and the state at the next moment can be obtained from the known state, control quantity and system noise at the current moment.
  • the above-mentioned first Kalman filter adopts the zero-order Kalman filter, namely:
  • FIG. 3 Schematic diagram of the curve of the error data after Kalman filter processing.
  • the difference between the acceleration data and the error data may be calculated, and the difference may be determined as the target acceleration data.
  • X(k) is the current state
  • X(k+1) is the state at the next moment
  • is the transition matrix
  • B is the control matrix
  • u is the control quantity
  • is the noise matrix
  • W is the system noise
  • Y is the output quantity
  • H is the output matrix
  • V is the observation noise. That is, the observable output at this moment and the state at the next moment can be obtained from the known state, control quantity and system noise at the current moment.
  • the above state includes the acceleration, velocity and displacement of the mobile terminal, that is, X(k) includes a vector of acceleration, velocity and displacement:
  • the state transition matrix ⁇ is a matrix that expresses the relationship between the state at the next moment and the state at this moment. Assuming that the sampling period T is relatively short, it can be approximated that the acceleration a is almost constant, then:
  • integral operation can be performed on the above target acceleration data to obtain velocity data and displacement data of the mobile terminal.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are the first Kalman filter in the embodiment of the application.
  • the first Kalman filter is used to process the acceleration data, so that the error of the acceleration data can be eliminated in real time, and then the second Kalman filter is used to process the acceleration data.
  • the Kalman filter calculates the speed data and displacement data of the mobile terminal, so that the integration error can be eliminated in real time during the inertial navigation process, and the accuracy of the inertial navigation can be improved.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a program module of an inertial navigation device provided in an embodiment of the application, and the inertial navigation device 60 includes:
  • the measurement module 601 is configured to obtain acceleration data of the mobile terminal by measuring the acceleration measurement device of the mobile terminal.
  • the first processing module 602 is configured to process the acceleration data based on the first Kalman filter to obtain error data corresponding to the acceleration data, and process the acceleration data based on the error data to obtain processed target acceleration data , the above-mentioned first Kalman filter is a zero-order Kalman filter.
  • the second processing module 603 is configured to process the above-mentioned target acceleration data based on the second Kalman filter to obtain motion data of the mobile terminal.
  • the first Kalman filter is used to process the acceleration data, which can eliminate the error of the acceleration data in real time, and then use the first Kalman filter to process the acceleration data.
  • the second Kalman filter calculates the motion data of the mobile terminal, so that the integration error can be eliminated in real time during the inertial navigation process, and the accuracy of the inertial navigation can be improved.
  • the above-mentioned first processing module is used for:
  • a difference between the acceleration data and the error data is calculated, and the difference is determined as the target acceleration data.
  • the above-mentioned second processing module is used for:
  • the above-mentioned second Kalman filter is a second-order Kalman filter.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal includes at least one processor and a memory; wherein, the memory stores computer execution instructions; the above-mentioned at least one processor The computer-executed instructions stored in the memory are executed to implement each step in the inertial navigation method described in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the mobile terminal 70 in this embodiment includes: a processor 701 and a memory 702; wherein:
  • a memory 702 for storing computer-executed instructions
  • the processor 701 is configured to execute the computer-executed instructions stored in the memory, so as to implement each step in the inertial navigation method described in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the memory 702 may be independent or integrated with the processor 701 .
  • the device further includes a bus 703 for connecting the memory 702 and the processor 701 .
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the processor executes the computer-executable instructions In order to implement each step in the inertial navigation method as described in the above embodiment, the details are not repeated here.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the inertial navigation described in the foregoing embodiments Each step in the method will not be repeated here.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the modules is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple modules may be combined or integrated. to another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each module may exist physically alone, or two or more modules may be integrated in one unit.
  • the units formed by the above modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, or can be implemented in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules implemented in the form of software functional modules may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the above-mentioned software function modules are stored in a storage medium, and include several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (English: processor) to execute the various embodiments of the present application. part of the method.
  • processor may be a central processing unit (English: Central Processing Unit, referred to as: CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (English: Digital Signal Processor, referred to as: DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (English: Application Specific Integrated Circuit, referred to as: ASIC) and so on.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the application can be directly embodied as executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the memory may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile storage NVM, such as at least one magnetic disk memory, and may also be a U disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
  • NVM non-volatile storage
  • the bus may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like.
  • ISA Industry Standard Architecture
  • PCI Peripheral Component
  • EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on.
  • the buses in the drawings of the present application are not limited to only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the above-mentioned storage medium may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), erasable Except programmable read only memory (EPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), read only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
  • EPROM erasable except programmable read only memory
  • PROM programmable read only memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • magnetic memory flash memory
  • flash memory magnetic disk or optical disk.
  • a storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may be located in application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASIC for short).
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • the processor and the storage medium may also exist in the electronic device or the host device as discrete components.
  • the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the steps including the above method embodiments are executed; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

一种惯性导航方法及装置、移动终端、计算机可读存储介质及计算机程序产品,该方法包括:利用移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到移动终端的加速度数据(S201);基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对加速度数据进行处理,得到加速度数据对应的误差数据,第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器(S202);基于误差数据对加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据(S203);基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对目标加速度数据进行处理,得到移动终端的运动数据(S204)。该方法在测量到移动终端的加速度数据后,先利用第一卡尔曼滤波器消除了加速度数据的误差,然后再利用第二卡尔曼滤波器计算移动终端的运动数据,从而能够在惯性导航过程中实现积分误差的实时消除,提升惯性导航的精度。

Description

惯性导航方法及设备
本申请要求于2020年12月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011552499.9、申请名称为“惯性导航方法及设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及惯性导航技术领域,尤其涉及一种惯性导航方法及设备。
背景技术
惯性导航***(Inertial Navigation System,INS)以牛顿力学定律为工作原理,利用安装在载体上的惯性测量元件来测量载体的加速度信息,通过积分运算得到载体的位移、速度等导航参数。
惯性导航具有完全的自主性和抗干扰性,短时间内具有较高的精度,然而,受实际测量环境的影响,在整个积分运算过程中会不可避免的引入一些误差,且该误差会随时间累积,导致长时间导航工作的精度较差。
如何实时的降低惯性导航中的积分误差,提升惯性导航精度,目前亟需解决。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种惯性导航方法及设备,可以有效降低惯性导航中的积分误差,提升惯性导航的精度。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供一种惯性导航方法,应用于移动终端,该方法包括:
利用所述移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到所述移动终端的加速度数据;
基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到所述加速度数据对应的误差数据,所述第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器;
基于所述误差数据对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据;
基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到所述移动终端的运动数据。
在一种可能的设计方式中,所述基于所述误差数据对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据,包括:
计算所述加速度数据与所述误差数据之间的差值,将所述差值确定为所述目标加速度数据。
在一种可能的设计方式中,所述基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到所述移动终端的运动数据,包括:
基于所述第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行积分运算,得到所述移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。
在一种可能的设计方式中,所述第二卡尔曼滤波器为二阶卡尔曼滤波器。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供一种惯性导航装置,应用于移动终端,该装置包括:
测量模块,用于利用所述移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到所述移动终端的加速度数据;
第一处理模块,用于基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到所述加速度数据对应的误差数据,并基于所述误差数据对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据,所述第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器;
第二处理模块,用于基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到所述移动终端的运动数据。
在一种可能的设计方式中,所述第一处理模块用于:
计算所述加速度数据与所述误差数据之间的差值,将所述差值确定为所述目标加速度数据。
在一种可能的设计方式中,所述第二处理模块用于:
基于所述第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行积分运算,得到所述移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。
在一种可能的设计方式中,所述第二卡尔曼滤波器为二阶卡尔曼滤波器。
第三方面,本申请实施例提供一种移动终端,包括至少一个处理器和存储器;
所述存储器存储计算机执行指令;
所述至少一个处理器执行所述存储器存储的计算机执行指令,使得所述至少一个处理器执行如第一方面提供的惯性导航方法。
第四方面,本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质,该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令,当处理器执行所述计算机执行指令时,实现如第一方面提供的惯性导航方法。
第五方面,本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现如第一方面提供的惯性导航方法。
本申请实施例所提供的惯性导航方法及设备,在利用移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到移动终端的加速度数据后,基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对该加速度数据进行处理,得到该加速度数据对应的误差数据,并利用该误差数据对加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据,之后基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对上述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到移动终端的速度数据和位移数据,其中,第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器。即本申请实施例中,在测量得到移动终端的加速度数据后,先利用第一卡尔曼滤波器对该加速度数据进行处理,能够实时的消除该加速度数据的误差,然后再利用第二卡尔曼滤波器计算移动终端的运动数据,从而能够在惯性导航过程中实现积分误差的实时消除,提升惯性导航的精度。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例中提供的一种惯性导航处理***的结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例中提供的一种惯性导航方法的流程示意图;
图3为本申请实施例中测量得到的加速度数据与通过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后的误差数据的曲线示意图;
图4为本申请实施例中同时经过第一卡尔曼滤波器与第二卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到速度数据曲线与未经过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到速度数据曲线的对比示意图;
图5为本申请实施例中同时经过第一卡尔曼滤波器与第二卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到位移数据曲线与未经过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到位移数 据曲线的对比示意图;
图6为本申请实施例中提供的一种惯性导航装置的程序模块示意图;
图7为本申请实施例中提供的一种移动终端的硬件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
惯性导航***(Inertial Navigation System,简称INS)也称作惯性参考***,是一种不依赖于外部信息、也不向外部辐射能量(如无线电导航那样)的自主式导航***。其工作环境不仅包括空中、地面,还可以在水下。惯性导航的基本工作原理是以牛顿力学定律为基础,通过测量移动终端在惯性参考系中的加速度后,将它对时间进行积分,且把它变换到导航坐标系中,就能够得到移动终端在导航坐标系中的速度、偏航角和位移等信息。
惯性导航***属于推算导航方式,即从一已知点的位置根据连续测得的移动终端航向角和速度推算出其下一点的位置,因而可连续测出移动终端的当前位置。惯性导航***中的陀螺仪用来形成一个导航坐标系,使加速度计的测量轴稳定在该坐标系中,并给出航向和姿态角;加速度计用来测量移动终端的加速度,经过对时间的一次积分得到速度,速度再经过对时间的一次积分即可得到位移。
其中,当上述加速度的初始值不为0时,在整个积分过程中会引入较大的误差。而在实际***中,由于噪声等因素,加速度计输出值的均值不可能为0。为消除积分误差,一种可行的实施方式是在进行积分运算之前,将加速度值减去加速度初始值,从而对加速度值进行校准。但是该方式无法实时的校准惯性导航过程中引入的积分误差,长时间导航工作的精度仍然较差。
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请实施例提供了一种惯性导航方法,在测量到移动终端的加速度数据后,先利用零阶卡尔曼滤波器消除加速度数 据的误差,然后再利用第二卡尔曼滤波器计算移动终端的运动数据,从而能够在惯性导航过程中实现积分误差的实时消除,提升惯性导航的精度。
为了更好的理解本申请实施例,参照图1,图1为本申请实施例中提供的一种惯性导航处理***的结构示意图。图1中,在测量得到移动终端的加速度数据后,先利用第一卡尔曼滤波器对该加速度数据进行处理,得到该加速度数据对应的误差数据,然后基于得到的误差数据对上述加速度数据进行处理后,利用第二卡尔曼滤波器对处理后的目标加速度数据进行处理,即可得到移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。下面采用详细的实施例进行详细说明。
参照图2,图2为本申请实施例提供的惯性导航方法的流程示意图,能够应用于移动终端。在一种可行的实施方式中,上述惯性导航方法包括:
S201、利用移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到移动终端的加速度数据。
其中,上述移动终端可以是手机、车载终端、POS机等。
可选的,上述加速度测量器件可以采用加速度传感器。例如由质量块、阻尼器、弹性元件、敏感元件和适调电路等部分组成的加速度传感器,在移动终端加速过程中,通过对质量块所受惯性力的测量,利用牛顿第二定律即可获得加速度值。根据敏感元件的不同,上述加速度传感器可以采用的类型包括电容式加速度传感器、电感式加速度传感器、应变式加速度传感器、压阻式加速度传感器、压电式加速度传感器等。
S202、基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对上述加速度数据进行处理,得到上述加速度数据对应的误差数据。
其中,卡尔曼滤波器的计算是建立在状态方程上的,故需要先确定惯性导航***的状态方程。在一种可行的实施方式中,在建立第一卡尔曼滤波器时,设定状态方程为:
X(k+1)=φX(k)+Bu(k)+ΓW(k)
Y(k)=HX(k)+V(k)
其中,X(k)为当前状态,X(k+1)为下一时刻状态,Φ为转移矩阵,B为控制矩阵,u为控制量,Г为噪声矩阵,W为***噪声,Y为输出量,H为输出矩阵,V为观测噪声。即通过当前时刻已知的状态、控制量及系 统噪声可以求出此刻的能观测到的输出以及下一时刻的状态。
上述状态为移动终端的加速度,也就是上述公式中的X(k)包含加速度的向量:
X(k)=[a(k)]
其中,上述第一卡尔曼滤波器采用零阶卡尔曼滤波器,即:
a(k+1)=a(k)
其中:
Y(k)=[a(k)]
本申请实施例中,在确定第一卡尔曼滤波器的状态方程之后,即可对上述加速度数据进行处理,得到上述加速度数据对应的误差数据。
为了更好的理解本申请实施例,在移动终端围绕原点左右晃动一段时间并最终回到原点的运动场景下,参照图3,图3为本申请实施例中测量得到的加速度数据与通过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后的误差数据的曲线示意图。
S203、基于上述误差数据对加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据。
本申请实施例中,在得到上述加速度数据对应的误差数据之后,基于该误差数据对上述加速度数据进行校准处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据。
在一种可行的实施方式中,可以计算上述加速度数据与上述误差数据之间的差值,将该差值确定为目标加速度数据。
S204、基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对目标加速度数据进行处理,得到移动终端的运动数据。
在一种可行的实施方式中,在建立第二卡尔曼滤波器时,设定状态方程为:
X(k+1)=φX(k)+Bu(k)+ΓW(k)
Y(k)=HX(k)+V(k)
其中,X(k)为当前状态,X(k+1)为下一时刻状态,Φ为转移矩阵,B 为控制矩阵,u为控制量,Г为噪声矩阵,W为***噪声,Y为输出量,H为输出矩阵,V为观测噪声。即通过当前时刻已知的状态、控制量及***噪声可以求出此刻的能观测到的输出以及下一时刻的状态。
当上述运动数据包括速度与位移时,上述状态包括移动终端的加速度、速度以及位移,即X(k)包含加速度、速度以及位移的向量:
Figure PCTCN2021133976-appb-000001
同理:
Figure PCTCN2021133976-appb-000002
状态转移矩阵Φ是表述下一时刻状态与此刻状态关系的矩阵,假设采样周期T比较短,可以近似认为加速度a几乎不变,则:
Figure PCTCN2021133976-appb-000003
v(k+1)=0×h(k)+v(k)+a(k)T
a(k+1)=0×h(k)+0×v(k)+a(k)
将上面几个等式转换成矩阵形式:
Figure PCTCN2021133976-appb-000004
由此我们可以得到转移矩阵Φ为:
Figure PCTCN2021133976-appb-000005
在一种可行的实施方式中,如果不考虑其他***噪声的情况下,上述状态方程可以简化为:
X(k+1)=φX(k)
由于上述第二卡尔曼滤波器只用于对上述加速度数据进行处理,因此:
Y(k)=[a(k)]
本申请实施例中,在确定第二卡尔曼滤波器的状态方程之后,即可对上述目标加速度数据进行积分运算,得到移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。
为了更好的理解本申请实施例,在移动终端围绕原点左右晃动一段时间并最终回到原点的运动场景下,参照图4与图5,图4为本申请实施例中同时经过第一卡尔曼滤波器与第二卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到速度数据曲线与未经过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到速度数据曲线的对比示意图,图5为本申请实施例中同时经过第一卡尔曼滤波器与第二卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到位移数据曲线与未经过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到位移数据曲线的对比示意图。
从图4与图5可以看出,在移动终端围绕原点左右晃动一段时间并最终回到原点的运动场景下,未经过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到速度数据曲线与位移数据曲线都无法归零,并且偏移较大,而经过第一卡尔曼滤波器处理后得到速度数据曲线与位移数据曲线则基本都能够归零,更加符合移动终端在上述运动场景下的运动情况。
本申请实施例所提供的惯性导航方法,在测量得到移动终端的加速度数据后,利用第一卡尔曼滤波器对该加速度数据进行处理,能够实时的消除该加速度数据的误差,然后再利用第二卡尔曼滤波器计算移动终端的速度数据和位移数据,从而能够在惯性导航过程中实现积分误差的实时消除,提升惯性导航的精度。
基于上述实施例中所描述的内容,本申请实施例中还提供一种惯性导 航装置,应用于移动终端。参照图6,图6为本申请实施例中提供的一种惯性导航装置的程序模块示意图,该惯性导航装置60包括:
测量模块601,用于利用移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到移动终端的加速度数据。
第一处理模块602,用于基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对上述加速度数据进行处理,得到上述加速度数据对应的误差数据,并基于该误差数据对上述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据,上述第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器。
第二处理模块603,用于基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对上述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到移动终端的运动数据。
本申请实施例所提供的惯性导航装置60,在测量得到移动终端的加速度数据后,先利用第一卡尔曼滤波器对该加速度数据进行处理,能够实时的消除该加速度数据的误差,然后再利用第二卡尔曼滤波器计算移动终端的运动数据,从而能够在惯性导航过程中实现积分误差的实时消除,提升惯性导航的精度。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述第一处理模块用于:
计算上述加速度数据与上述误差数据之间的差值,将该差值确定为上述目标加速度数据。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述第二处理模块用于:
基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对上述目标加速度数据进行积分运算,得到移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述第二卡尔曼滤波器为二阶卡尔曼滤波器。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中测量模块601、第一处理模块602、第二处理模块603具体执行的内容可以参阅上述实施例中描述的惯性导航方法中的各个步骤,此处不做赘述。
进一步的,基于上述实施例中所描述的内容,本申请实施例中还提供了一种移动终端,该移动终端包括至少一个处理器和存储器;其中,存储器存储计算机执行指令;上述至少一个处理器执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令,以实现如上述实施例中描述的惯性导航方法中的各个步骤,此处 不做赘述。
为了更好的理解本申请实施例,参照图7,图7为本申请实施例提供的一种移动终端的硬件结构示意图。
如图7所示,本实施例的移动终端70包括:处理器701以及存储器702;其中:
存储器702,用于存储计算机执行指令;
处理器701,用于执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令,以实现上述实施例中描述的惯性导航方法中的各个步骤,此处不做赘述。
可选地,存储器702既可以是独立的,也可以跟处理器701集成在一起。
当存储器702独立设置时,该设备还包括总线703,用于连接所述存储器702和处理器701。
进一步的,基于上述实施例中所描述的内容,本申请实施例中还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令,当处理器执行所述计算机执行指令时,以实现如上述实施例中描述的惯性导航方法中的各个步骤,此处不做赘述。
进一步的,基于上述实施例中所描述的内容,本申请实施例中还提供了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现如上述实施例中描述的惯性导航方法中的各个步骤,此处不做赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的设备和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的设备实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述模块的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个模块可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或模块的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个模块单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在一个单元中。上述模块成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
上述以软件功能模块的形式实现的集成的模块,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。上述软件功能模块存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)或处理器(英文:processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的部分步骤。
应理解,上述处理器可以是中央处理单元(英文:Central Processing Unit,简称:CPU),还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(英文:Digital Signal Processor,简称:DSP)、专用集成电路(英文:Application Specific Integrated Circuit,简称:ASIC)等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合申请所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成,或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。
存储器可能包含高速RAM存储器,也可能还包括非易失性存储NVM,例如至少一个磁盘存储器,还可以为U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器、磁盘或光盘等。
总线可以是工业标准体系结构(Industry Standard Architecture,ISA)总线、外部设备互连(Peripheral Component,PCI)总线或扩展工业标准体系结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture,EISA)总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示,本申请附图中的总线并不限定仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
上述存储介质可以是由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现,如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM),电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM),可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM),可编程只读存储器(PROM),只读存储器(ROM),磁存储器,快闪存储器,磁盘或光盘。存储介质可以是通用或专用计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。
一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器,从而使处理器能够从该存储介 质读取信息,且可向该存储介质写入信息。当然,存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuits,简称:ASIC)中。当然,处理器和存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于电子设备或主控设备中。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解:实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时,执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤;而前述的存储介质包括:ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种惯性导航方法,其特征在于,应用于移动终端,所述方法包括:
    利用所述移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到所述移动终端的加速度数据;
    基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到所述加速度数据对应的误差数据,所述第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器;
    基于所述误差数据对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据;
    基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到所述移动终端的运动数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述误差数据对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据,包括:
    计算所述加速度数据与所述误差数据之间的差值,将所述差值确定为所述目标加速度数据。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到所述移动终端的运动数据,包括:
    基于所述第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行积分运算,得到所述移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二卡尔曼滤波器为二阶卡尔曼滤波器。
  5. 一种惯性导航装置,其特征在于,应用于移动终端,所述装置包括:
    测量模块,用于利用所述移动终端的加速度测量器件测量得到所述移动终端的加速度数据;
    第一处理模块,用于基于第一卡尔曼滤波器对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到所述加速度数据对应的误差数据,并基于所述误差数据对所述加速度数据进行处理,得到处理后的目标加速度数据,所述第一卡尔曼滤波器为零阶卡尔曼滤波器;
    第二处理模块,用于基于第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行处理,得到所述移动终端的运动数据。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一处理模块用于:
    计算所述加速度数据与所述误差数据之间的差值,将所述差值确定为所述目标加速度数据。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二处理模块用于:
    基于所述第二卡尔曼滤波器对所述目标加速度数据进行积分运算,得到所述移动终端的速度数据和位移数据。
  8. 根据权利要求5或7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二卡尔曼滤波器为二阶卡尔曼滤波器。
  9. 一种移动终端,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器和存储器;
    所述存储器存储计算机执行指令;
    所述至少一个处理器执行所述存储器存储的计算机执行指令,使得所述至少一个处理器执行如权利要求1至4任一项所述的惯性导航方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令,当处理器执行所述计算机执行指令时,实现如权利要求1至4任一项所述的惯性导航方法。
  11. 一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,实现权利要求1至4任一项所述的惯性导航方法。
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