WO2022126880A1 - 一种应急启动电源短路保护方法和*** - Google Patents

一种应急启动电源短路保护方法和*** Download PDF

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WO2022126880A1
WO2022126880A1 PCT/CN2021/081133 CN2021081133W WO2022126880A1 WO 2022126880 A1 WO2022126880 A1 WO 2022126880A1 CN 2021081133 W CN2021081133 W CN 2021081133W WO 2022126880 A1 WO2022126880 A1 WO 2022126880A1
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short
power supply
circuit
emergency
parameter
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PCT/CN2021/081133
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘冰
李湘波
陶功蛟
胡兵华
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深圳市格瑞普电池有限公司
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Priority to EP21904820.4A priority Critical patent/EP4266540A1/en
Priority to US18/266,292 priority patent/US20240030702A1/en
Publication of WO2022126880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022126880A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/44—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too low isolation resistance, too high load, short-circuit; earth fault
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
    • H02H3/0935—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means the timing being determined by numerical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of short-circuit test judgment and emergency start-up power supply protection, in particular to a method and system for emergency start-up power supply short-circuit protection.
  • the car emergency starting power supply is a multi-functional portable mobile power supply, which can be used to start the car when the car is out of power or cannot be started for other reasons.
  • the emergency starting power supply for automobiles mainly includes batteries, power supply control circuits and connecting wires (clamps).
  • the output current of the emergency starting power supply can reach hundreds of amps depending on the type of battery, but its output voltage is generally only ten volts for safety purposes. It can be seen that the output current of the emergency starting power supply is very close to the short-circuit current in parameters, and it is difficult to judge the occurrence of the short-circuit by directly measuring the voltage, current and other parameters in the emergency power supply.
  • the present invention provides a method and system for short-circuit protection of an emergency starting power supply, which can accurately and quickly distinguish whether the emergency starting power supply of an automobile is in a normal starting state or an abnormal short-circuit state, and corresponding It is suitable for all kinds of car starting systems, and realizes safe and reliable protection of the emergency starting power supply of automobiles.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
  • the present invention provides a short-circuit protection method for an emergency starting power supply, which is applied to an emergency starting power supply, the emergency starting power supply at least includes a battery, a control device and a connection port, wherein the emergency starting power supply is under a loaded emergency starting operating condition , turn on the short-circuit detection of the emergency start power supply; the short-circuit detection includes the steps:
  • the control device If the count of continuous abnormal judgment reaches the preset number of times, it is judged that the emergency start power supply is short-circuited, and the control device is driven to cut off the connection between the battery and the connection port; if the normal judgment occurs within the preset number of times, the count is cleared and re-counted .
  • the electrical parameter measured by the emergency start power supply is a voltage parameter
  • the electric parameter for measuring the emergency start power supply is a current parameter
  • the short-circuit detection further comprises the steps of:
  • the step of judging the operating conditions for emergency start is to judge whether the emergency start power Under emergency start operating conditions;
  • the steps of judging whether there is a load are: test and record the first electric parameter that meets the emergency start operation conditions, and continue to detect the electric parameter until the difference between the real-time electric parameter and the first electric parameter exceeds the second preset value, and judge as The load exists and enters the short-circuit measurement, otherwise it is judged that the load does not exist, and the monitoring of the presence or absence of the load continues until the preset time period is exceeded.
  • the preset frequency is that the interval between two consecutive measurements is no more than 30 milliseconds, and the preset number of times is between 25 and 35; the short-circuit detection further includes the steps: if The short-circuit detection exceeds the preset time period, and the control device is driven to cut off the communication between the battery and the connection port.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a short-circuit protection system for an emergency starting power supply, the short-circuit protection system is provided in a circuit connecting a battery and a connection port in an emergency starting power supply, wherein the short-circuit protection system includes a short-circuit detection module; the short-circuit protection system includes a short-circuit detection module; The detection module includes:
  • the data acquisition unit is used to continuously measure the electrical parameters of the emergency start power supply at a preset frequency
  • the data comparison unit is used for judging whether the operation of the emergency start power supply is abnormal according to the difference and direction of change of the electrical parameters measured before and after;
  • the counting unit is used to count the abnormal judgment
  • the short-circuit judgment unit is used for judging that the emergency start power supply is short-circuited if the count of continuous abnormal judgment reaches a preset number of times, and drives the control device to cut off the connection between the battery and the connection port; if the normal judgment occurs within the preset number of times, then The count of the counting unit is driven to be cleared and counted again.
  • the data acquisition unit can collect voltage parameters
  • the data comparison unit can compare whether the voltage parameter changes measured two times before and after are within a preset range
  • the data comparison unit can compare the voltage parameter changes. Whether the direction is rising or falling, the abnormality is determined as the voltage parameter of the two measurements before and after the change is within the preset range, or the voltage parameter measured twice before and after exceeds the preset range, and the direction of change of the voltage parameter is falling, the counting unit The abnormality determination is counted; or,
  • the data acquisition unit can collect the current parameter, the data comparison unit can compare whether the current parameter changes measured two times before and after are within a preset range, and the data comparison unit can compare whether the current parameter change direction is rising or falling, abnormal.
  • the counting unit counts the abnormality determination.
  • the short-circuit detection module further includes a charge state exclusion unit, which is used to record the normal electrical parameters when a normal judgment occurs. If the count of continuous abnormal judgments reaches a preset number of times, compare the current electrical parameters with the most recent The difference between the recorded normal electrical parameters, if the difference is within the first preset value, return to the short-circuit detection; if the difference is outside the first preset value, it is determined that the emergency start power supply is short-circuited and disconnect the circuit.
  • a charge state exclusion unit which is used to record the normal electrical parameters when a normal judgment occurs. If the count of continuous abnormal judgments reaches a preset number of times, compare the current electrical parameters with the most recent The difference between the recorded normal electrical parameters, if the difference is within the first preset value, return to the short-circuit detection; if the difference is outside the first preset value, it is determined that the emergency start power supply is short-circuited and disconnect the circuit.
  • the above-mentioned short-circuit protection system preferably, also includes an emergency startup operation judgment module, which is used to determine whether the emergency startup power Under emergency start operating conditions;
  • It also includes a load presence/absence judgment module, which is used to test and record the first electrical parameter that meets the emergency start operating conditions, and continue to detect the electrical parameter until the difference between the real-time electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter exceeds the second preset value, It is judged that the load exists and the short-circuit measurement is entered. Otherwise, it is judged that the load does not exist, and the monitoring of the presence or absence of the load is continued until the preset time period is exceeded.
  • a load presence/absence judgment module which is used to test and record the first electrical parameter that meets the emergency start operating conditions, and continue to detect the electrical parameter until the difference between the real-time electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter exceeds the second preset value, It is judged that the load exists and the short-circuit measurement is entered. Otherwise, it is judged that the load does not exist, and the monitoring of the presence or absence of the load is continued until the preset time period is exceeded.
  • the short-circuit detection module further includes an overtime shut-off unit, which drives the control device to shut off the communication between the battery and the connection port when the short-circuit detection exceeds a preset time period.
  • the present invention detects the electrical parameter of the emergency starting power supply multiple times at a relatively high frequency, and judges whether it is abnormal according to the variation difference and change direction of the electrical parameter, and determines whether the emergency starting power supply is short-circuited by counting the judgment results, And implement abnormal protection to effectively distinguish between the normal startup state and the short-circuit state to ensure the accuracy of the detection; at the same time, the result can be obtained in less than 1 second, and it has the characteristics of fast detection, which greatly reduces the damage caused by short-circuit.
  • the impact time is long, and it has good adaptability, which can be adapted to various starting power supplies and vehicle starting loads, and requires less detection resources, which can be integrated into the existing starting power circuit structure without adding additional sensing devices. Comprehensively improve the safety and experience of the emergency start-up power supply.
  • the present invention takes the small fluctuation of the electrical parameter and the voltage drop/current rise as the abnormal judgment basis, the voltage recovery as the normal basis, and the over-amplitude toggle and the voltage increase/current drop of the electrical parameter as the normal judgment basis, Combined with normal startup and short-circuit characteristics, the effect of accurate short-circuit measurement is achieved.
  • the present invention uses the voltage rise/current drop time value as a reference again, and when the real-time voltage is lower than the reference/current height reference is within the requirements, it is judged as a charging state, The normal condition with less fluctuation in the charging state is discharged, and the accuracy of the normal condition detection is further improved.
  • the present invention further uses startup condition detection and load detection as a short-circuit pre-test, and only needs to turn on short-circuit detection when there is a possibility of a short-circuit, so as to avoid other characteristics of the circuit from affecting the detection accuracy.
  • the present invention further makes the system more secure, stable and automatic by setting the time-out shutdown.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the emergency start power supply short-circuit protection method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency start power supply short-circuit protection system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the method and system for emergency start power short-circuit protection according to the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a short-circuit protection method for an emergency starting power supply, which is applied to an emergency starting power supply.
  • the right is connected to the battery 11, the relay as the control device 12, and the starter clip as the connection port 13 in sequence.
  • the short-circuit protection method includes the steps:
  • step S100 starts the condition detection step. If the voltage parameter of the starting clip is greater than 0.5V, or the starting switch of the starting power supply is in the open state, it is determined that the starting conditions are met, and the process goes to step S200 to detect whether there is a load. If the conditions are not met, continue to monitor whether the starting conditions are established.
  • S200 has no load detection step. After the detection startup condition is met, the first voltage FirstV of the emergency startup power supply is detected, the real-time voltage RealV is continuously detected at the preset frequency A at intervals of 20ms, and the difference between FirstV and RealV is compared to see whether the difference exceeds the second preset value E300mV, until FirstV-RealV> 300mV, it is judged that the load exists and the short-circuit measurement step S300 is entered. If the condition FirstV-RealV ⁇ 300mV is not met, continue to detect whether the condition is met, until the preset time period F60S is exceeded, the control relay turns off the emergency start power output.
  • the output voltage of a conventional emergency start power supply is between 12V and 16V.
  • FirstV first measured voltage parameter
  • the present invention can obtain a measurement result that is not affected by the environment and equipment foundation, and has the advantage of accuracy.
  • the RealV when the load is satisfied is preset as the normal voltage parameter LastV0 for recovery, and the real-time voltage RealV is continuously detected at a preset frequency A interval of 20ms, and the last detected voltage is LastV.
  • step S300 comparing the variation range of
  • the car starting system will take the point from the emergency power supply, and the realization of the starting system will show the characteristics of fluctuation, that is, the voltage will drop when starting, and the voltage will rise when the starting is interrupted.
  • the normal voltage parameter LastV0 when the voltage rises is continuously recorded, and the RealV and LastV0 are compared again after the accumulated count of abnormal determination reaches 30 times.
  • the effect of this comparison is that in the presence of an emergency start of the car, only the backup power supply of the car is charged. In this charging state, its voltage parameters also have less fluctuation and longer duration.
  • the emergency start-up power supply is allowed to charge the vehicle's backup power supply, and the difference between the voltage parameters during charging and the recovery voltage LastV0 during the start-up process is limited.
  • LastV0-RealV ⁇ 200mV it can be judged that the power supply is only in the charging state and the fluctuation of the voltage parameter is small, rather than the short-circuit state.
  • the above-mentioned preset parameters can be changed according to the emergency starting voltage and the characteristics of the vehicle starting system to which it is applied.
  • the preset frequency A is that the interval between two consecutive measurements does not exceed 30 milliseconds, and the preset number of times B is between 25 and 35 times;
  • the preset range C of the voltage parameter variable which takes The value is between 40 and 60 mV;
  • the difference between the previous electrical parameter and the last recorded normal electrical parameter, that is, the first preset value D is 180 to 220 mV;
  • the exceeding preset duration F which is taken as The value is between 50 seconds and 70 seconds; whether the electrical parameters of the connection port 13 meet the startup requirements, the value is less than 2V.
  • the difference between the real-time electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter, that is, the second preset value E is above 280 mV.
  • the emergency starting power supply is short-circuiting according to the current parameter or other electrical parameters.
  • the electrical parameter of the emergency start power supply is measured as the current parameter; if the current parameter measured twice before and after changes within the preset range C, or the current parameter measured twice before and after exceeds the preset range C, and the current parameter changes in a downward direction, Then it is determined that the emergency start power supply in the cycle is abnormal; if the current parameter changes measured twice before and after exceed the preset range C, and the direction of the current parameter change is increasing, it is determined that the emergency start power supply in this cycle is operating normally.
  • the present embodiment covers an emergency starting power supply short-circuit protection system.
  • the short-circuit protection system is provided in the battery in the emergency starting power supply. 11 in the circuit connected to the connection port 13.
  • the short-circuit protection system includes an emergency start-up operation judgment module 2, a load existence judgment module 3 and a short-circuit detection module 4; wherein, the short-circuit detection module 4 includes a data acquisition unit 41, a data comparison unit 42, a counting unit 43, a short-circuit judgment unit 44, And the state-of-charge exclusion unit 45 and the timeout shut-off unit 46 .
  • the data acquisition unit 41 includes a component that senses the electrical parameters of the emergency starting power supply, and a data processing device that acquires and processes the electrical parameters of the component; the emergency starting operation judgment module 2, the load presence or absence judgment module 3 and short-circuit detection module 4, including components for computing, judging and recording, as well as programs arranged in these components and used to realize emergency start-up operation judgment, load existence judgment and short-circuit detection functions.
  • the emergency start operation judgment module 2 can use the parameters of the data acquisition unit 41 to determine whether the conditions for starting operation are met.
  • the emergency start operation judgment module 2 is connected and transmits the processing result to the load presence judgment module 3 .
  • the load existence judgment module 3 can use the parameters of the data acquisition unit 41, and can record the acquired parameters (eg, record FisrtV), and obtain a load existence judgment result.
  • the load existence judgment module 3 is connected and transmits the processing result to the short circuit detection module 4 .
  • the data comparison unit 42 periodically records and compares the variation difference and variation direction of the electrical parameters before and after the comparison.
  • the counting unit 43 counts according to the condition that the variation difference and the variation direction conform to the abnormal determination, and clears the count if the condition conforms to the normal determination.
  • the charge state exclusion unit 45 is used to record the electrical parameter in the case of normal determination, and use the electrical parameter as a comparison object to determine whether it is a charged state or a short-circuit state.
  • the short-circuit judgment unit 44 judges whether or not it is short-circuited after the result of the counting unit 43 satisfies the conditions, and judges that it is a short-circuit state if the charging state cannot be excluded.
  • the short-circuit judging unit 44 When the short-circuit judging unit 44 is judged to be in a short-circuit state, it immediately drives the relay to disconnect, so as to stop the power supply of the battery 11 to realize short-circuit protection.
  • the overtime shutdown unit 46 is used for the short circuit protection system to operate in any one of the emergency start operation judgment module 2, the load presence or absence judgment module 3 and the short circuit detection module 4. After the cumulative operation time exceeds 60S, the relay is driven to disconnect.
  • the method and system for short-circuit protection of the emergency starting power supply of the present invention can quickly and accurately distinguish whether the emergency starting power supply is in the emergency starting state of the vehicle or the real short-circuit state.
  • the detection and judgment are based on the change of the electrical parameters in the emergency starting power supply in the time sequence, and are not affected by factors such as the starting situation of the car, the 11 types of batteries and the use environment; at the same time, it is based on the electrical parameters. Comprehensive judgment is made to make the measurement results accurate and reliable. And, when a short circuit occurs, detection and judgment can be obtained within 30 times*20ms, that is, within 600ms.
  • the short circuit is detected in less than 1 second, so that the short circuit does not cause damage to the components in the emergency starting power supply such as the battery 11, the power supply is turned off, and the short circuit detection is completed very quickly to ensure the safety of people and components.
  • the battery 11 can be more protected and the service life of the battery 11 can be prolonged.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应急启动电源短路保护的方法和***，涉及短路测试判断及应急启动电源保护领域。本发明通过较高频率多次检测应急启动电源的电参量，并根据该电参量的变化差异和变化方向判断是否异常，在通过对判断结果计数的方式来确定应急启动电源是否短路，继而实施异常保护，实现有效地区分出正常启动状态和短路状态，确保检测的准确性; 可极短时间内获得短路结果，避免短路造损害; 同时具有良好的适配性，可适应于各种启动电源和汽车启动负载，而所需检测资源少，可与现有启动电源电路结构结合，无需增加额外感测器件，综合提升应急启动电源的使用安全性和体验。

Description

一种应急启动电源短路保护方法和*** 技术领域
本发明涉及短路测试判断及应急启动电源保护领域，根据具体的是一种应急启动电源短路保护的方法和***。
背景技术
汽车应急启动电源是一种多功能便携式移动电源，它可用于汽车亏电或者其他原因无法启动汽车的时候能启动汽车。汽车应急启动电源主要包括蓄电池、供电控制电路及连接线(接线夹)，使用时接入大多数车辆或少量船只的启动***，为该***或者***内蓄电池供电。然而汽车的种类繁多而启动/打火的电流特别高，因此应急启动电源的输出电流随蓄电池类型不同可达数百安培，但出于安全目的其输出电压一般只有十数伏特。可见，应急启动电源的输出电流与短路电流在参数上十分接近，而难以通过直接测量应急电源内电压、电流等参量的方法判断出短路的发生。然而，若不能快速准确地区分出短路情况，则将损毁电源内部器件，甚至产生电池的自燃，造成危害；同样地，若将正常启动误判为短路情况，则将使应急启动电源不能发挥作用。
在现有技术当中，为判断出短路并实现短路的保护，大部分方案，是等待应急启动电源的一次启动输出超出预设时长而自动关闭。这类方案的等待时间比较长，若电源发生短路其内部器件已经在该周期收到损伤，则不能及时保护；同时种类繁多的汽车在启动特性上具有差异，固定等待时间对某些启动短路情况可能已经损害电源。另一些方案，是对应急启动电源中蓄电池等短路发热部位进行测温，待温度超过预设值时关闭电源。这类方案是往往是已经发生短路且已经造成影响后方能作出关断反应，这个温度也具有环境因素存在误判，同时电源内蓄电池运行在高温条件下降缩短寿命。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术存在的问题，提供了一种应急启动电源短路保护的方法和***，可实现准确而快速地区分出汽车应急启动电源处于正常启动状态还 是处于异常短路状态，已经进行相应的保护操作，且短路的判断不受环境影响，能适配各种汽车启动***，实现安全可靠地保护汽车应急启动电源。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
本发明在一方面提供了一种应急启动电源短路保护方法，应用于应急启动电源，该应急启动电源至少包括蓄电池，控制装置和连接端口，其中，应急启动电源处于有负载的应急启动运行条件下，开启应急启动电源的短路检测；所述短路检测包括步骤：
以预设频率持续测量应急启动电源的电参量；
根据前后两次测量电参量的变化差异和变化方向，判断应急启动电源运行是否异常，并对异常判定进行计数；
若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数，则判断应急启动电源发生短路，并驱使控制装置关断蓄电池和连接端口间的连通；若预设次数以内时出现正常判定，则计数清零并重新计数。
上述短路保护方法，优选地，所述测量应急启动电源的电参量为电压参量；
若前后两次测量的电压参量变化在预设范围内，或者前后两次测量的电压参量超出预设范围，且电压参量变化方向为下降，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行异常；
若前后两次测量的电压参量变化超出预设范围，且电压参量变化方向为升高，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行正常；或者，
所述测量应急启动电源的电参量为电流参量；
若前后两次测量的电流参量变化在预设范围内，或者前后两次测量的电流参量超出预设范围，且电流参量变化方向为下降，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行异常；
若前后两次测量的电流参量变化超出预设范围，且电流参量变化方向为升高，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行正常。
上述短路保护方法，优选地，所述短路检测还包括步骤：
记录出现正常判定时的正常电参量，若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数，比较当前电参量与最近一次记录的正常电参量之间的差异，若该差异在第一预设值之内，则重新回到所述短路检测；若该差异在第一预设值之外，则判断应急启 动电源发生短路并断开电路。
上述短路保护方法，优选地，应急启动运行条件之判断步骤为，根据持续检测连接端口的电参量是否达到启动要求，或者检测应急启动电源的启动开关是否处于打开状态，以判断应急启动电源是否处于应急启动运行条件下；
负载有无之判断步骤为：测试并记录满足应急启动运行条件下的首次电参量，并持续检测该电参量，直至实时的该电参量与首次电参量件差异超过第二预设值，判断为负载存在并且进入短路测量，否则判断为负载不存在，继续负载有无的监测直至超出预设时长。
上述短路保护方法，优选地，所述的预设频率为连续的两次测量间隔时间不超过30毫秒，所述的预设次数在25至35次之间；所述短路检测还包括步骤：若短路检测超出预设时长，驱使控制装置关断蓄电池和连接端口间的连通。
本发明在另一方面提供了一种应急启动电源短路保护***，该短路保护***设于应急启动电源中蓄电池和连接端口相连的电路中，其中，该短路保护***包括短路检测模块；所述短路检测模块包括：
数据采集单元，用于以预设频率持续测量应急启动电源的电参量；
数据比较单元，用于根据前后两次测量电参量的变化差异和变化方向，判断应急启动电源运行是否异常；
计数单元，用于对异常判定进行计数；
短路判断单元，用于若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数，则判断应急启动电源发生短路，并驱使控制装置关断蓄电池和连接端口间的连通；若预设次数以内时出现正常判定，则驱使所述计数单元的计数清零并重新计数。
上述短路保护***，优选地，所述数据采集单元可采集电压参量，所述数据比较单元可比较前后两次测量的电压参量变化是否在预设范围，并且所述数据比较单元可比较电压参量变化方向为升高还是下降，异常判定为前后两次测量的电压参量变化在预设范围内，或者前后两次测量的电压参量超出预设范围，且电压参量变化方向为下降，所述计数单元对该异常判定进行计数；或者，
所述数据采集单元可采集电流参量，所述数据比较单元可比较前后两次测量的电流参量变化是否在预设范围，并且所述数据比较单元可比较电流参量变化方向为升高还是下降，异常判定为前后两次测量的电流参量变化在预设范围内，或 者前后两次测量的电流参量超出预设范围，且电流参量变化方向为升高，所述计数单元对该异常判定进行计数。
上述短路保护***，优选地，所述短路检测模块还包括充电状态排除单元，用于记录出现正常判定时的正常电参量，若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数，比较当前电参量与最近一次记录的正常电参量之间的差异，若该差异在第一预设值之内，则重新回到所述短路检测；若该差异在第一预设值之外，则判断应急启动电源发生短路并断开电路。
上述短路保护***，优选地，还包括应急启动运行判断模块，用于根据持续检测连接端口的电参量是否达到启动要求，或者检测应急启动电源的启动开关是否处于打开状态，以判断应急启动电源是否处于应急启动运行条件下；
还包括负载有无判断模块，用于测试并记录满足应急启动运行条件下的首次电参量，并持续检测该电参量，直至实时的该电参量与首次电参量件差异超过第二预设值，判断为负载存在并且进入短路测量，否则判断为负载不存在，继续负载有无的监测直至超出预设时长。
上述短路保护***，优选地，所述短路检测模块还包括超时关断单元，所述超时关断单元在短路检测超出预设时长，驱使控制装置关断蓄电池和连接端口间的连通。
与现有技术相比，本发明有益效果如下：
(1)本发明通过较高频率多次检测应急启动电源的电参量，并根据该电参量的变化差异和变化方向判断是否异常，在通过对判断结果计数的方式来确定应急启动电源是否短路，并实施异常保护，实现有效地区分出正常启动状态和短路状态，确保检测的准确性；同时仅需不到1秒的时间即可得到结果，具有检测快速的特点，极大降低短路造成损害性影响的时长，并且具有良好的适配性，可适应于各种启动电源和汽车启动负载，而所需的检测资源少，可结合到现有启动电源电路结构当中，无需增加额外感测器件，综合提升应急启动电源的使用安全性和体验。
(2)本发明将电参量的小幅波动及电压下降/电流升高作为异常判定依据，将电压回升作为正常依据，将电参量的超幅拨动及电压升高/电流下降作为正常判定依据，结合正常启动和短路特性，实现准确测量短路的效果。
(3)本发明在达到预设次数的连续异常后，再次通过电压升高/电流下降时值作为参考，在实时电压低于参考/电流高度参考的程度在要求之内，判断为充电状态，排出充电状态下波动较小的正常情况，进一步提高正常情况检测的准确性。
(4)本发明进一步通过启动条件检测和负载检测作为短路的前置测试，仅需在存在短路可能时开启短路检测，避免电路其他特性情况影响检测准确性。
(5)本发明进一步通过设置超时关断，使***更加安全、稳定和自动。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
附图说明
图1本发明的应急启动电源短路保护方法的步骤示意图；
图2本发明的应急启动电源短路保护***的结构示意图；
图3本发明的应急启动电源短路保护方法与***的流程示意图。
附图标记：11、蓄电池；12、控制装置；13、连接端口；2、应急启动运行判断模块；3、负载有无判断模块；4、短路检测模块；41、数据采集单元；42、数据比较单元；43、计数单元；44、短路判断单元；45、充电状态排除单元；46、超时关断单元；5、启动负载。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不作为限制本发明的范围。
如图1和2所示，为解决准确而快速地区分出汽车应急启动电源是否短路，根据本发明的实施例提供了一种应急启动电源短路保护方法，应用于应急启动电源，该应急启动电源右依次连接蓄电池11、作为控制装置12的继电器和作为连接端口13的启动夹组成，当启动夹连接到汽车的备用电瓶或启动***处实施供电。该短路保护方法包括步骤：
S100启动条件检测步。若启动夹的电压参量大于0.5V，或启动电源的启动开关处于打开状态，判定满足启动条件进入步骤S200检测是否有负载，若不满 足条件则继续监测启动条件是否成立。
可以理解地，在S100的步骤，用于应急启动电源是在休眠状态，还是应急启动状态，显然在应急启动状态才具备是否进行短路检测的基础。在一些情况下，启动夹电压大于0.5V则可判断继电器已接通且蓄电池11在供电；在另一些情况下，可通过获取启动开关的状态来确定。
S200有无负载检测步。在满足检测启动条件后，检测应急启动电源的第一电压FirstV，以预设频率A间隔20ms持续检测实时电压RealV，比较FirstV和RealV的差异是否超过第二预设值E300mV，直至FirstV-RealV＞300mV，判断为负载存在并且进入短路测量步S300，若不满足条件FirstV-RealV≤300mV，则继续检测是否满足条件，直至超过预设时长F60S后控制继电器关闭应急启动电源输出。
需要说明的是，在S200的步骤，在应急启动电源还需要检测启动夹是否正确连接，若接触不良则虽然启动，但供电不正常。常规的应急启动电源的输出电压在12V至16V之间。在各种汽车启动***的情况下均有，在启动条件触发时，启动夹接近于开路，其测量首次电压参量FirstV接近于开路电压；在应急启动电源接入负载而形成电流环路的瞬间，将有较大的压降并使RealV小于FirstV，而当启动夹未接入负载，电路可能为开路或因接触不良存在较大电阻，则RealV将接近于FirstV。本发明通过在不同结算的测量的电参量进行比较，可得出不受环境和设备基础影响的测量结果，具有准确性的优点。
S300短路测量步。在满足有负载情况后，将满足有负载时的RealV预设为回升的正常电压参量LastV0，以预设频率A间隔20ms持续检测实时电压RealV，上一次检测电压为LastV。每次检测均进行比较RealV和LastV是否超过预设范围C50mV，并且判断：若满足|RealV-LastV|≤50mV，则异常判定Count增加1次计数；若满足|RealV-LastV|大于50mV，但RealV＜LastV，则异常判定Count增加1次计数；若|RealV-LastV|大于50mV，但RealV≥LastV，则异常判定的累积计数清零，同时LastV0记录为此次测量的RealV。当累积异常判定的预设次数B为30次，若Count＞30，则比较实时RealV和回升的LastV0间的相差是否超过第一预设值D，本实施例第一预设值D为200mV。若RealV<LastV0-200mV，则判断应急电源短路或启动异常，并通过继电器关闭蓄电池11输出；若 RealV≥LastV0-200mV，则判断应急电源处于充电模式，并重新进行S300短路测量步，直至超时60S后控制继电器关闭应急启动电源输出。
需要说明的是，在S300的步骤，比较|RealV-LastV|的变化范围，是在于虽然正常启动状态和短路状态的电参量特性相近，但短路时电参量的具有持续较小波动的特点。比较计算RealV和LastV差异的绝对值在预设范围C内，可划定到存在处于短路状态可能的情况，并对该检测周期是异常进行累积计数。对于正常启动状态，汽车启动***会从应急电源取点，启动***的在实现呈现起伏的特点，即启动时电压会下降，启动中断时电压会回升。因而在一方面，当|RealV-LastV|超出预设范围C，但此时RealV＞LastV，则可认为当前RealV是回升电压，该应急启动电源存在正常启动条件，进而清除对异常判定的计数，即在出现正常启动条件之前的异常判定计数可被认为是正常的。在另一方面，也存在虽满足|RealV-LastV|超出预设范围C，但此时RealV＜LastV，是在于处于启动状态时，在初始发生短路下，短路的特性是电压参数快速的下降，因而RealV＜LastV可认为RealV是下降电压，因而可作为异常判定的情况，并增加异常累积计数。
需要说明的是，在S300的步骤短路判定还有，持续记录出现电压回升时的正常电压参量LastV0，并在异常判定累积计数达到30次后，再次比较RealV和LastV0。该比较的作用在于汽车应急启动存在情况为，仅对汽车备用电源进行充电。在该充电状态下，其电压参数也存在着变化波动较小，且持续时间较长。应急启动电源对汽车备用电源进行充电是被允许的，对充电时的电压参量相比于启动过程的回升电压LastV0的差异有限。当LastV0-RealV＜200mV，可判断为电源仅因处于充电状态而电压参量的波动小，而非短路状态。
可以理解的是，上述的预设参数可根据应急启动电压及其应用的汽车启动***特性而变化。一般来说，所述的预设频率A为连续的两次测量间隔时间不超过30毫秒，所述的预设次数B在25至35次之间；电压参量变的预设范围C，其取值在40至60毫伏；前电参量与最近一次记录的正常电参量之间的差异值，即第一预设值D取值在180至220毫伏；超出的预设时长F，其取值在50秒至70秒之间；连接端口13的电参量是否达到启动要求，其取值小于2V。实时的电参量与首次电参量件的差异，即第二预设值E取值在280毫伏以上。
可以理解的是，除了根据电压参量以判断应急启动电源是否短路，还可以根 据电流参量或其他电参量判断应急启动电源是否短路。当测量应急启动电源的电参量为电流参量；若前后两次测量的电流参量变化在预设范围C内，或者前后两次测量的电流参量超出预设范围C，且电流参量变化方向为下降，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行异常；若前后两次测量的电流参量变化超出预设范围C，且电流参量变化方向为升高，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行正常。
如图1和3所示，根据本发明的应急启动电源短路保护方法，本实施例在另一方面相应了涵盖了一种应急启动电源短路保护***，该短路保护***设于应急启动电源中蓄电池11和连接端口13相连的电路中。该短路保护***包括应急启动运行判断模块2、负载有无判断模块3和短路检测模块4；其中，短路检测模块4包括数据采集单元41、数据比较单元42、计数单元43、短路判断单元44、和充电状态排除单元45和超时关断单元46。
需要说明的是，数据采集单元41包括感应所述应急启动电源的电参量的元器件，以及获取并处理该元器件电参量的数据处理器件；应急启动运行判断模块2、负载有无判断模块3和短路检测模块4，包含进行运算、判断和记录的元器件，以及设置于这些元器件内，以及用于实现应急启动运行判断、负载有无判断和短路检测功能的程序。应急启动运行判断模块2可利用数据采集单元41的参数以判断是否具备启动运行的条件，应急启动运行判断模块2连接并将处理结果传输于负载有无判断模块3。负载有无判断模块3，可利用数据采集单元41的参数，并可对所获取的参数进行记录(如记录FisrtV)，并得出负载有无的判定结果。负载有无判断模块3连接并将处理结果传输于短路检测模块4。短路检测模块4中，数据比较单元42通过周期性地记录和运算比较前后电参量的变化差异与变化方向。计数单元43根据变化差异与变化方向符合异常判定的情况进行计数，若出现符合正常判定的情况则对计数清零。充电状态排除单元45用于记录正常判定的情况时的电参量，以该电参量为比较对象，判断是充电状态还是短路状态。短路判断单元44在计数单元43的结果满足条件后进行是否短路的判定，若不能排除充电状态，则判断为短路状态。短路判断单元44在判定为短路状态，立即驱使继电器断开，使蓄电池11停止供电，实现短路保护。超时关断单元46用于短路保护***运行在应急启动运行判断模块2、负载有无判断模块3和短路检测模块4任一模块中，其累积运行时长超过60S后，驱使继电器断开。
本发明的应急启动电源短路保护方法和***，相比于现有技术具有快速和准确区分应急启动电源处于汽车应急启动状态，还是真实的短路状态。检测和判定均基于应急启动电源中电参量在时序上的变化，不受到汽车启动情况、蓄电池11种类情况和使用环境情况等因素的影响；同时，是基于电参量启动特性和短路特性的变化特性综合地进行判断，使测量结果准确可靠。并且，当发生短路，检测和判断可在30次*20ms，即600毫秒内得出。在不到1秒的时间检测到短路，使得短路对蓄电池11等应急启动电源中的部件未造成损害前，关断电源，极快地完成短路检测，确保人身和部件的安全。特别是，相对于传统的温度判定和超时判定方式，更能保护蓄电池11及延长蓄电池11的使用寿命。
以上实施例主要描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。

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  1. 一种应急启动电源短路保护方法，应用于应急启动电源，该应急启动电源至少包括蓄电池(11)，控制装置(12)和连接端口(13)，其特征在于，在应急启动电源处于有负载的应急启动运行条件下，开启应急启动电源的短路检测；所述短路检测包括步骤：
    以预设频率(A)持续测量应急启动电源的电参量；
    根据前后两次测量电参量的变化差异和变化方向，判断应急启动电源运行是否异常，并对异常判定进行计数；
    若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数(B)，则判断应急启动电源发生短路，并驱使控制装置(12)关断蓄电池(11)和连接端口(13)间的连通；若预设次数(B)以内时出现正常判定，则计数清零并重新计数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的短路保护方法，其特征在于，所述测量应急启动电源的电参量为电压参量；
    若前后两次测量的电压参量变化在预设范围(C)内，或者前后两次测量的电压参量超出预设范围(C)且电压参量变化方向为下降，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行异常；
    若前后两次测量的电压参量变化超出预设范围(C)且电压参量变化方向为升高，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行正常；或者，
    所述测量应急启动电源的电参量为电流参量；
    若前后两次测量的电流参量变化在预设范围(C)内，或者前后两次测量的电流参量超出预设范围(C)且电流参量变化方向为下降，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行异常；
    若前后两次测量的电流参量变化超出预设范围(C)且电流参量变化方向为升高，则判定该周期应急启动电源运行正常。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的短路保护方法，其特征在于，所述短路检测还包括步骤：
    记录出现正常判定时的正常电参量，若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数(B)，比较当前电参量与最近一次记录的正常电参量之间的差异，若该差异在第一预设值(D)之内，则重新回到所述短路检测；若该差异在第一预设值(D)之外，则判断应急启动电源发生短路并断开电路。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的短路保护方法，其特征在于，应急启动运行条件之判断步骤为，根据持续检测连接端口(13)的电参量是否达到启动要求，或者检测应急启动电源的启动开关是否处于打开状态，以判断应急启动电源是否处于应急启动运行条件下；
    负载有无之判断步骤为：测试并记录满足应急启动运行条件下的首次电参量，并持续检测该电参量，直至实时的该电参量与首次电参量件差异超过第二预设值(E)，判断为负载存在并且进入短路测量，否则判断为负载不存在，继续负载有无的监测直至超出预设时长(F)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的短路保护方法，其特征在于，所述的预设频率(A)为连续的两次测量间隔时间不超过30毫秒，所述的预设次数(B)在25至35次之间；所述短路检测还包括步骤：若短路检测超出预设时长(F)，驱使控制装置(12)关断蓄电池(11)和连接端口(13)间的连通。
  6. 一种应急启动电源短路保护***，其特征在于，该短路保护***设于应急启动电源中蓄电池(11)和连接端口(13)相连的电路中，该短路保护***包括短路检测模块(4)；所述短路检测模块(4)包括：
    数据采集单元(41)，用于以预设频率(A)持续测量应急启动电源的电参量；
    数据比较单元(42)，用于根据前后两次测量电参量的变化差异和变化方向，判断应急启动电源运行是否异常；
    计数单元(43)，用于对异常判定进行计数；
    短路判断单元(44)，用于若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数(B)，则判断应急启动电源发生短路，并驱使控制装置(12)关断蓄电池(11)和连接端口(13)间的连通；若预设次数(B)以内时出现正常判定，则驱使所述计数单元(43)的计数清零并重新计数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的短路保护***，其特征在于，所述数据采集单元(41)可采集电压参量，所述数据比较单元(42)可比较前后两次测量的电压参量变化是否在预设范围(C)，并且所述数据比较单元(42)可比较电压参量变化方向为升高还是下降；异常判定为前后两次测量的电压参量变化在预设范围(C)内，或者前后两次测量的电压参量超出预设范围(C)且电压参量变化方向为下降，所述计数单元(43)对该异常判定进行计数；或者，
    所述数据采集单元(41)可采集电流参量，所述数据比较单元(42)可比较前后两次测量的电流参量变化是否在预设范围(C)，并且所述数据比较单元(42)可比较电流参量变化方向为升高还是下降；异常判定为前后两次测量的电流参量变化在预设范围(C)内，或者前后两次测量的电流参量超出预设范围(C)且电流参量变化方向为升高，所述计数单元(43)对该异常判定进行计数。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的短路保护***，其特征在于，所述短路检测模块(4)还包括充电状态排除单元(45)，用于记录出现正常判定时的正常电参量，若连续异常判定的计数达到预设次数(B)，比较当前电参量与最近一次记录的正常电参量之间的差异，若该差异在第一预设值(D)之内，则重新回到所述短路检测；若该差异在第一预设值(D)之外，则判断应急启动电源发生短路并断开电路。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的短路保护***，其特征在于，还包括应急启动运行判断模块(2)，用于根据持续检测连接端口(13)的电参量是否达到启动要求，或者检测应急启动电源的启动开关是否处于打开状态，以判断应急启动电源是否处于应急启动运行条件下；
    还包括负载有无判断模块(3)，用于测试并记录满足应急启动运行条件下的首次电参量，并持续检测该电参量，直至实时的该电参量与首次电参量件差异超过第二预设值(E)，判断为负载存在并且进入短路测量，否则判断为负载不存在，继续负载有无的监测直至超出预设时长(F)。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的短路保护***，其特征在于，所述短路检测模块(4)还包括超时关断单元(46)，所述超时关断单元(46)在短路检测超出预设时长(F)，驱使控制装置(12)关断蓄电池(11)和连接端口(13)间的连通。
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