WO2022123855A1 - Dispositif de filtration - Google Patents

Dispositif de filtration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022123855A1
WO2022123855A1 PCT/JP2021/034407 JP2021034407W WO2022123855A1 WO 2022123855 A1 WO2022123855 A1 WO 2022123855A1 JP 2021034407 W JP2021034407 W JP 2021034407W WO 2022123855 A1 WO2022123855 A1 WO 2022123855A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microbial culture
filter body
tank
lignocellulosic
filtration device
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PCT/JP2021/034407
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
昭 赤司
俊輔 井土
周一 榎本
潤 竹▲崎▼
千佳 多田
雅也 遠藤
Original Assignee
株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション
国立大学法人東北大学
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Publication of WO2022123855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022123855A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • C12M1/10—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology rotatably mounted
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • C12M1/12—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with sterilisation, filtration or dialysis means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filtration device used for filtering a microbial culture solution.
  • Lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an energy resource to replace chemical fuels such as petroleum because it is the cell wall of plant cells, that is, the main component of plant fibers and is an organic carbon source that is abundant on the earth.
  • ligno using the microbial culture solution of rumen microorganisms (lignocellulosic degrading bacteria) present in the rumen solution of cattle. It is known to decompose cellulose to produce volatile fatty acid (VFA: Volatile Fatty Acid) which is a substrate for methane fermentation.
  • VFA Volatile Fatty Acid
  • Solid retention time Solids Retition Time
  • HRT Hydrolic Retention Time
  • the control of SRT and HRT can be performed by separating the filtrate from the microbial culture solution and individually adjusting the amount of the filtrate discharged and the amount of the suspension discharged.
  • a separation membrane used in a membrane separation activated sludge method MRR: Membrane Bioreactor
  • MLR Membrane Bioreactor
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 when activated sludge is solid-liquid separated by membrane separation, pollutants adhering to and accumulating on the membrane surface of the separation membrane are removed by aeration to suppress clogging (fouling). Activated sludge equipment is disclosed.
  • the power of the pump used for discharging the filtered solution of the microbial culture solution to the outside of the microbial culture tank is reduced, and the suspended substance contained in the microbial culture solution is firmly attached to the surface of the filter body. It is an object of the present invention to provide a filtration device capable of suppressing adhesion and reducing the burden and frequency of cleaning.
  • the filtration device of the present invention is a filtration device installed in a microbial culture tank containing a microbial culture solution, and the average pore size for filtering the microbial culture solution is 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
  • the filter is provided with a discharge portion, and the filter body is characterized in that it is immersed in the microbial culture solution so that the upper end portion thereof is located above the liquid level of the microbial culture solution.
  • the inside of the filter body is open to the outside, and the inside and outside of the filter body are equal pressure. ing.
  • the filter solution discharge part when the filtered solution of the microbial culture solution contained inside the filter is discharged to the outside of the microbial culture tank by the filter solution discharge part, the height position of the liquid level of the filtrate contained in the filter body is changed to the microbial culture. It becomes lower than the height position of the liquid level of the microbial culture solution in the tank, and due to the pressure difference caused by the height difference of the liquid level, the microbial culture solution passes through the filter and is filtered to become a filter solution. It is housed inside.
  • the filtrate is not filtered at a higher pressure than the inside of the filter is depressurized.
  • the power of the pump for discharging to the outside of the microbial culture tank can be reduced.
  • the suspended solids contained in the microbial culture solution are difficult to adhere firmly to the filter body, and even if they adhere, they are easily removed, so that clogging can be prevented.
  • it is possible to reduce the burden and frequency of large-scale cleaning such as taking the filtration device out of the microbial culture tank and cleaning it, and even when the filtration device is applied to a large-scale microbial culture tank.
  • the running cost can be reduced.
  • the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned filtration device, the above-mentioned filter body rotates about the vertical direction as an axis.
  • the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the filter body can suppress the suspended substance contained in the microbial culture solution from firmly adhering to the filter body, and even if it adheres, it is easily removed. It is possible to prevent clogging. Further, since the microbial culture solution can be agitated by rotating the filter body, the culturing efficiency of the microorganism can be improved, and the decomposition reaction of the object to be treated contained in the microbial culture solution can be further promoted.
  • the filter body in the filtration device, is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape having an opening at the upper end portion, and the filtrate discharge portion is inserted into the opening portion in a non-contact manner. It is characterized by having a filter liquid discharge pipe.
  • the filter body and the filter liquid discharge pipe it is not necessary to connect the filter body and the filter liquid discharge pipe by inserting the filter liquid discharge pipe into the opening of the filter body in a non-contact manner, so that the filter liquid discharge pipe is fixed. , Only the filter body can be rotated. Further, by forming the filter body into a bottomed cylindrical shape, the filter body can be easily rotated and the pressure applied to the side surface of the filter body becomes uniform, so that damage or deterioration of the filter body can be reduced.
  • the present invention is characterized in that, in the filtration device, scrapers arranged along the side surface and / or the bottom surface of the filter body are provided at the outer position and / or the inner position of the filter body.
  • the solid matter adhering to the filter body can be scraped off by the scraper and removed, so that clogging of the filter body can be prevented.
  • it is possible to further reduce the burden and frequency of large-scale cleaning such as taking the filtration device out of the microbial culture tank and cleaning it, and even when the filtration device is applied to a large-scale microbial culture tank. , Running costs can be reduced.
  • FIG. 3A shows a lignocellulosic decomposition system composed of a three-phase process
  • FIG. 3B shows a lignocellulosic decomposition system composed of a two-phase process. It is a figure which shows the example of the filtration apparatus which concerns on this embodiment installed in the microorganism culture tank.
  • FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram showing a filtration device installed in a microbial culture tank constituting the three-phase type lignocellulosic decomposition system shown in FIG. 3 (a).
  • FIG. 4 (b) is a diagram showing a filtration device installed in a microbial culture tank and a decomposition tank constituting the two-phase lignocellulosic decomposition system shown in FIG. 3 (b).
  • the filtration device 1 (Structure of filtration device)
  • the filtration device 1 installed in the microorganism culture tank 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the filtration device 1 is installed in a microbial culture tank 10 containing a microbial culture solution 11.
  • the microorganism culture tank 10 may be a microorganism culture tank / decomposition tank 110 in which the microorganisms are cultured and the microorganisms are cultured and the object to be treated is decomposed in one tank.
  • the filtration device 1 includes a filter body 2 that houses the filter solution of the microbial culture solution 11, and a filter solution discharge unit 3 that discharges the filter solution contained in the filter body 2 to the outside of the tank.
  • the filter body 2 is a filter body having a plurality of pores having an average pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
  • the filter body 2 is immersed in the microbial culture solution 11 so that the upper end portion 2a thereof is located above the liquid level of the microbial culture solution 11. Even if the upper end portion 2a of the filter body 2 rotates the filter body 2 or the microbial culture solution 11 is stirred by the stirring blade 60, the microbial culture solution 11 enters the inside of the filter body 2 from the upper surface of the filter body 2. It suffices if it is located above the liquid level of the microbial culture liquid 11 so as not to flow in.
  • the filter body 2 When the filter body 2 is rotated about its vertical direction as an axis, it is preferable that the filter body 2 is rotated at a slow speed of 1 to 60 rpm by a motor M. Further, when the stirring blade 60 is used, the filter body 2 and the stirring blade 60 may rotate in synchronization with each other, or each may rotate in the opposite direction, but convection is generated in the microbial culture solution 11. In order to further suppress the adhesion of solid matter to the filter body 2, it is preferable that each of them rotates in the opposite direction.
  • the microbial culture solution 11 contains a suspended solid (SS: Suspended Solid), and many microorganisms having a slow growth rate are attached to the suspended solid.
  • SS Suspended Solid
  • the amount of the filtrate discharged from the microbial culture tank 10 by the filtrate discharge unit 3 and the amount of the suspension discharged from the suspension discharge unit 5 are appropriately adjusted, and the solids residence time (SRT: Hydraulics Retition) is adjusted as appropriate.
  • SRT Hydraulics Retition
  • HRT Liquid Retention Time
  • the microbial culture solution 11 contains a decomposition product produced by the reaction between the object to be treated and the microorganism, and when the decomposition reaction proceeds and the concentration of the decomposition product increases, the pH of the microbial culture solution 11 changes. There is a risk that the abundance and function of microorganisms will change due to the increase in osmotic pressure. Therefore, the pH and osmotic pressure of the microbial culture solution 11 can be adjusted by discharging the filtered solution of the microbial culture solution 11 out of the tank and adding an artificial medium as a buffer to the microbial culture solution 11.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the filter body shown in FIG. 1 and an example in which a scraper is arranged on the filter body.
  • the filter body 2 houses the filtrate separated from the microbial culture solution 11 containing a large amount of suspended solids.
  • the filter body 2 is No. 2 in FIG. As shown in 1, 3 to 6, only the side surface of the filter body 2 may have a plurality of pores, and the No. 1 in FIG. As shown in 2, 7 to 14, the side surface and the bottom surface of the filter body 2, that is, the whole may have a plurality of pores.
  • the inside of the filter body 2 has a hollow structure in order to accommodate the filtrate.
  • the shape of the filter body 2 may be bottomed, and the scraper 4 is not arranged in the filter body 2.
  • a fixed shape such as a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, a square prism, a triangular prism, a conical shape, a triangular pyramid shape, or a spherical shape may be used, or an irregular shape such as a bag shape may be used. good.
  • the shape of the filter body 2 is a cylindrical shape.
  • the upper surface of the filter body 2 is provided with an opening 2b so that the filter liquid discharge pipe 3a is inserted into the filter body 2 in a non-contact manner.
  • the average pore diameter of the plurality of pores of the filter body 2 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
  • a material formed by weaving a thread-like material such as a net may be used as the base material of the filter body 2.
  • a mesh having a mesh of 16 mesh or more may be used. It is preferable to use the one that has.
  • the average pore diameter of the plurality of pores of the filter body 2 is less than 1 ⁇ m, it takes time for the filter solution to be contained in the inside of the filter body 2 in a certain amount, or the filter solution is sucked by applying high pressure. Not only is the power of the pump P large and costly, but there is a risk of clogging.
  • the average pore diameter of the plurality of pores of the filter body 2 exceeds 1 mm, the suspended solids contained in the microbial culture solution 11 flow into the inside of the filter body 2, resulting in insufficient solid-liquid separation. There is a risk that SRT and HRT cannot be controlled.
  • the suspended solid to which a large amount of microorganisms are attached may be discharged to the outside of the tank, and it may be difficult to promote the growth of microorganisms that decompose the object to be treated in the microorganism culture tank 10.
  • the material of the filter body 2 having a plurality of pores organic materials such as PVDF, chlorinated polyethylene, PP and PTFE, ceramics such as aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide, and inorganic materials such as stainless steel are used. It may be used, and is not limited to the above materials as long as it is a material having excellent durability.
  • the filter body may be configured to have a single-layer structure, or may be configured to have a multi-layer structure of two layers or three or more layers. Further, when the filter body 2 has a two-layer structure, the average pore diameters of the plurality of pores of the outer filter body 2 and the average pore diameters of the plurality of pores of the inner filter body 2 may have different sizes. ..
  • the filter liquid discharge unit 3 discharges the filter liquid contained in the filter body 2 to the outside of the tank, and also recirculates a part of the filter liquid to mix with the artificial medium. It is preferable that the filtrate discharge pipe 3a is inserted into the opening 2b of the filter body 2 in a non-contact manner. If the filter liquid discharge pipe 3a is not in contact with the filter body 2, the filter body 2 can be rotated while the filter liquid discharge pipe 3a is fixed.
  • the scraper 4 is arranged to scrape off the solid matter adhering to the filter body 2 and prevent clogging of the filter body 2.
  • the placement position of the scraper 4 is not particularly limited, but is No. 2 in FIG. As shown in 3 to 14, they may be arranged at an outer position or an inner position along the side surface or the bottom surface of the filter body 2.
  • Table 1 and FIG. 1 show an example of the structure of the filter body 2 and the arrangement position of the scraper 4. No. in Table 1 Nos. 1 to 14 are No. 1 in FIG. Corresponds to 1-14.
  • one I-shaped scraper 4 along the vertical direction on the outer side surface of one end of the filter body 2 may be arranged at one place.
  • two I-shaped scrapers 4 may be arranged along the vertical direction of the outer side surfaces of the left and right ends of the filter body 2.
  • two I-shaped scrapers 4 along the vertical direction of the outer side surface of one end and the inner side surface of the other end of the filter body 2 may be arranged at two locations.
  • Two I-shaped scrapers 4 may be arranged along the vertical direction of the outer side surface and the inner side surface of one end of the side surface of the filter body 2 as in 6 and 10. No. As shown in No.
  • an L-shaped scraper 4 may be arranged along the vertical direction of the outer side surface of one end of the filter body 2 and the horizontal direction of the outer bottom surface.
  • an L-shaped scraper may be arranged along the vertical direction of the inner side surface of one end of the filter body 2 and the horizontal direction of the inner bottom surface.
  • a U-shaped scraper 4 may be arranged along the vertical direction of the outer side surfaces of the left and right ends of the filter and the horizontal direction of the outer bottom surface.
  • a U-shaped scraper 4 may be arranged along the vertical direction of the inner side surface of the left and right ends of the filter body 2 and the horizontal direction of the inner bottom surface.
  • the material of the scraper 4 in addition to alloys such as iron, brass, and stainless steel, reinforced plastic, ceramic, or the like may be used, which inhibits the function of scraping and removing the solid matter adhering to the filter body 2 by the scraper 4. If it is not a thing, it is not limited to the above materials. Further, as the shape of the scraper 4, for example, a flat plate, a cylinder, a triangular prism, or a polygonal prism having a square prism or more can be adopted.
  • the filter body 2 can be a rotating body, and No. In 3 to 14, any or both of the filter body 2 and the scraper 4 can be used as a rotating body.
  • the directions of rotation are opposite to each other in order to generate convection in the microbial culture solution 11 and further suppress the adhesion of solid matter to the filter body 2. It is preferable to rotate it so as to become.
  • the scraper 4 may be rotated so as to move around the outer periphery of the side surface of the filter body 2, or may be rotated about the vertical direction of the scraper 4. Further, the rotation direction of the filter body 2 or the scraper 4 may be changed during operation, for example, the rotation direction may be reversed at regular intervals.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example in which the microbial culture tank 10 in which the filtration device 1 according to the present embodiment is installed is used for the lignocellulosic decomposition system.
  • FIG. 3A shows a lignocellulosic decomposition system 100 composed of a three-phase process
  • FIG. 3B shows a lignocellulosic decomposition system 101 composed of a two-phase process.
  • the solid matter residence time (SRT: Solids Retention Time) and the hydraulic residence time (HRT: Hydraulic Retention Time) in the tank are arbitrarily controlled. can do. That is, in the microbial culture tank 10, the promotion of growth of lignocellulosic-degrading bacteria that decompose lignocellulosic biomass can be controlled by the filtration device 1. Lignocellulosic decomposition is performed as a pretreatment for methane fermentation using lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material.
  • Lignocellulosic biomass is decomposed into cellulose and hemicellulose by rumen microorganisms (lignocellulosic degrading bacteria) present in the rumen fluid of cattle, and converted into hexoses (hexamonosaccharides) such as glucose. Further, pyruvic acid and the like are produced from hexose (hexamonosaccharide) such as glucose, and when the reaction proceeds further, volatile fatty acids (VFA) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, fatty acid and formic acid are produced.
  • VFA volatile fatty acids
  • acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are the base materials (raw materials) for methane fermentation, as the production of acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide increases with the promotion of decomposition of lignocellulosic, the amount of methane produced also increases.
  • the lignocellulosic decomposition system 100 uses a microbial culture tank 10 in which the filtration device 1 according to the present invention is installed will be described.
  • the lignocellulosic decomposition system 100 has a microbial culture tank 10 for culturing rumen microorganisms, and a form in which lignocellulosic biomass is easily used in a methane fermentation tank 30 in the subsequent stage using the cultured rumen microorganisms. It is composed of a decomposition tank 20 that converts (decomposes) into a methane fermentation tank 30 and a methane fermentation tank 30.
  • the microbial culture tank 10 was crushed and crushed by a cellulose solution collected from a cow or the like, an artificial medium (artificial solution) imitating a lignocellulosic solution as a buffer, and a crusher 40 or the like as needed.
  • lignocellulosic biomass is supplied, lignocellulosic degrading bacteria existing in the rumen solution proliferate by decomposing and metabolizing lignocellulosic, and lignocellulosic decomposition products (partial decomposition products of lignocellulosic and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid (volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid). VFA: Volatile Fatty Acid)) is produced. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the suspension containing the solid-liquid separated filtrate and the undecomposed or partially decomposed lignocellulose-based biomass by the filtration device 1 is filtered, respectively. It is sent to the downstream decomposition tank 20 (also referred to as a pretreatment tank) by the liquid discharge unit 3 and the suspension discharge unit 5. Further, the filtered liquid is sent to the decomposition tank 20, and a part of the filtered liquid is mixed with an artificial medium (artificial liquid).
  • the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the microbial culture tank 10 is appropriately adjusted by appropriately adjusting the amount of the filtrate and suspension of the microbial culture liquid 11 drawn from the microbial culture tank 10 and sent to the decomposition tank 20.
  • the lignocellulose decomposition product is used as a substrate (raw material) in the methane fermentation liquid contained in the methane fermentation tank 30.
  • Methane fermentation progresses and methane is produced.
  • the methane fermentation residue in the methane fermentation tank 30 is sent to the dehydrator 50. Since the dehydration withdrawal liquid discharged from the dehydrator 50 contains a substance that becomes a nitrogen source or a phosphorus source, it may be added reflux to the microbial culture tank 10.
  • the concentrated sludge discharged from the dehydrator 50 may be used as fertilizer, building materials, or the like.
  • the lignocellulosic decomposition system 100 configured by the three-phase type process shown in FIG. 3A includes (1) culture of rumen microorganisms, (2) decomposition (pretreatment) of lignocellulosic, and (3) methane fermentation. Since the roles of each process are separated, there is an advantage that operation control is easy to perform.
  • the lignocellulosic decomposition system 101 using the microorganism culture tank and decomposition tank 110 in which the filtration device 1 according to the present invention is installed will be described.
  • the lignocellulosic decomposition system 101 is composed of a microbial culture tank / decomposition tank 110 and a methane fermentation tank 30 that combine cultivation of rumen microorganisms and decomposition (pretreatment) of lignocellulosic biomass. It is composed.
  • the lignocellulosic degrading bacteria present in the rumen solution proliferate by decomposing and metabolizing lignocellulosic, and the lignocellulosic degrading bacteria promote the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction, such as acetic acid.
  • a reaction solution containing a volatile fatty acid (VFA) and a partially decomposed product of lignocellulosic is produced. Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), in the microorganism culture tank and decomposition tank 110, a suspension containing a solid-liquid separated filtrate and undecomposed or partially decomposed lignocellulosic biomass in the filtration device 1 is provided. , Each of which is sent to the downstream methane fermenter 30 by the filtrate discharge unit 3 and the suspension discharge unit 5. Further, the filtered liquid is sent to the methane fermentation tank 30, and a part of the filtered liquid is mixed with an artificial medium (artificial liquid).
  • Hydraulics in the microbial culture tank / decomposition tank 110 by appropriately adjusting the amount of the filtrate and suspension of the decomposition reaction liquid 111 drawn from the microbial culture tank / decomposition tank 110 and sent to the methane fermentation tank 30.
  • the residence time (HRT) and solid matter residence time (SRT) can be controlled.
  • the methane fermentation residue in the methane fermentation tank 30 is sent to the dehydrator 50. Since the dehydration withdrawal liquid discharged from the dehydrator 50 contains a substance that becomes a nitrogen source or a phosphorus source, it may be added by refluxing to the microbial culture tank / decomposition tank 110. Further, the concentrated sludge discharged from the dehydrator 50 may be used as fertilizer, building materials, or the like.
  • 3 (b) is a process in which culture of rumen microorganisms and decomposition of lignocellulose (pretreatment) can be performed in one tank (microorganism culture tank and decomposition tank 110), and RUDAD ( It is known as a process (Rumen Delivered Anaerobic Digestion) (Non-Patent Document Hub J. Gijzen et al., Biotechnology and Biotechnology, Vol. 31, pp. 418-425 (1988)). Since this process has fewer tanks than the three-phase process, it can be constructed at a lower cost and the equipment can be made more compact.
  • Lignocellulose-based biomass used as a raw material includes unused agricultural and forestry waste such as forest thinning wood, rice straw, rice husks, bagasse, and chili, as well as vegetable waste, tea husks, coffee slag, okara, shochu slag, and construction waste. Examples include waste paper / waste paper, lignocellulosic industrial waste such as municipal waste, and biomass resource crops such as Erianthus and Giant Miskansas. Further, the paper shredded by the shredder is incinerated because the fibers are broken and it is difficult to recycle, and such the cut paper can also be used as a raw material.
  • lignocellulosic decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass progresses and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid are produced, it can be used as a substrate (raw material) for methane fermentation, so that methane can be efficiently produced. ..
  • lignocellulosic can be used as a substrate (raw material) for methane fermentation when it is decomposed to a shape with a small molecular weight such as cellobiose or to constituent sugars such as glucose. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently produce methane.
  • Lumen fluid is a digestive fluid present in the ruminant rumen.
  • ruminants include cows, sheep, goats, deer, camels, llamas and the like.
  • the rumen of an adult cow has a capacity of 150 to 200 L, and the rumen solution contains many lignocellulosic-degrading bacteria, hemicellulose-degrading bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria, starch-degrading bacteria, methane-producing bacteria, etc., which are called rumen microorganisms. Inhabits.
  • Lignocellulosic-degrading bacteria can produce enzymes such as cellulase that degrade lignocellulosic (fiber).
  • lignocellulose-degrading bacteria decompose lignocellulose, and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, fatty acid, and valeric acid, which are energy sources for anti-corrosive animals.
  • VFA Volatile Fatty Acid
  • the methane-producing bacteria contained in the rumen solution can produce methane using acetic acid produced by lignocellulosic-degrading bacteria as a substrate, or hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substrates.
  • the rumen solution one collected from the ruminant stomach using a tube such as a catheter may be used, or one generated from a meat processing factory or the like may be used.
  • a rumen solution obtained from a ruminant animal is charged into a microbial culture tank 10 or a microbial culture tank / decomposition tank 110 and used.
  • Cultured lumen microorganisms are used.
  • the cultured rumen microorganisms may be those obtained by adding a concentrated solution of a medium to a rumen solution and culturing, or those obtained by adding a liquid medium to a precipitate (bacteria) obtained by centrifuging the rumen solution and culturing. May be.
  • Fibrobacter succinogenes which is a rumen microorganism having a particularly high lignocellulose degrading activity, Ruminococcus albus, and at least 3 types of Prevotella lumin. Adjusting the temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), hydraulic residence time (HRT) or solid matter residence time (SRT), and ammonium nitrogen concentration in the medium using the abundance of bacteria as an index. Can be done.
  • ORP oxidation-reduction potential
  • HRT hydraulic residence time
  • SRT solid matter residence time
  • ammonium nitrogen concentration in the medium using the abundance of bacteria as an index.
  • the quantification of the number of these bacteria is not particularly limited, but it is preferably performed by a quantitative PCR method capable of rapidly and accurately measuring the number of specific bacteria.
  • genomic DNA extracted from the microbial culture solution 11 or the decomposition reaction solution 111 and purified is used. Since the rumen microorganism can be cultured in a large amount or subcultured, a culture solution of the rumen microorganism adjusted for the number of bacteria can be used for lignocellulosic decomposition as needed.
  • a natural medium in which the base material of the medium is derived from a natural product may be used, and a synthetic medium in which all the various nutrients necessary for the growth of the rumen microorganism are composed of chemicals. May be used.
  • a nitrogen source such as an ammonium salt, a phosphorus source such as a phosphate, and a carbon source such as cellulose and hemicellulose, which are useful nutrient sources for rumen microorganisms.
  • the dehydration desorption liquid discharged from the dehydrator 50 as a nutrient source contains a substance that becomes a nitrogen source or a phosphorus source, and thus dehydration desorption.
  • the dewatering solution may be refluxed and added.
  • VFA volatile fatty acid
  • the pH in the reaction solution decreases or the osmotic pressure increases, so that the presence of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria. Since the quantity and function change, it is preferable to add a buffer to the medium in order to mitigate the change in pH and the increase in osmotic pressure.
  • ruminant fluid has a high buffering capacity, so it is preferable to use an artificial fluid that imitates it.
  • the buffer include sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, phosphate, potassium chloride and the like.
  • a part of the filtered solution of the microbial culture solution 11 or the decomposition reaction solution 111 may be mixed with the artificial medium.
  • the pH of the medium is adjusted by adding an acid / alkali to 6.0 to 7.5, preferably 6.5 to 7.0, if necessary.
  • tap water or groundwater as the water used for the medium.
  • the ammonium nitrogen concentration in the medium is controlled by supplying a water-hydrated or dehydrated desorbed solution so as to be 50 to 2,000 mg / L, more preferably 60 to 500 mg / L.
  • the redox potential of the culture solution of the rumen microorganism is -100 mv or less, more preferably ⁇ 200 mv or less, in order to make the environment anaerobic like the environment in the lumen. More preferably, it is adjusted to about -250 mv.
  • Lumen microorganisms lignocellulose-degrading bacteria
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas may be injected.
  • Treatments such as adding reducing substances such as cysteine, L-ascorbic acid, sodium sulfide, ascorbic acid, methionine, thioglycol, and DTT, or adding organic substances to consume oxygen by the action of anaerobic bacteria. May be given.
  • the cultivation of microorganisms may be carried out in a closed system in a nitrogen or carbon dioxide atmosphere.
  • the solid matter residence time (SRT) is longer than the hydraulic residence time (HRT). That is, since lignocellulosic degrading bacteria adhere to the surface of solid matter (lignocellulosic biomass) and proliferate, if the SRT is short, they are discharged to the outside of the system together with the solid matter. On the other hand, if the HRT is longer than necessary, it becomes a negative factor such as a decrease in pH due to the produced volatile fatty acid (VFA) and inhibition of the growth of microorganisms.
  • VFA volatile fatty acid
  • the HRT is controlled to 8 to 36 hours, preferably 10 to 24 hours
  • the SRT is controlled to 24 hours or more, preferably 48 to 72 hours.
  • the control of HRT and SRT is performed by individually adjusting the discharge amount of the filtrate and the discharge amount of the suspension.
  • the temperature of the reaction system in the culture of the rumen microorganism and the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction is controlled by using a temperature sensor or the like so as to be 35 to 42 ° C, more preferably 37 to 40 ° C.
  • the solid concentration of the lignocellulosic biomass charged into the microbial culture tank 10 is 0.05 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
  • the lignocellulosic biomass has a strong structure in which a part of lignocellulosic is decomposed by a lignocellulosic enzyme produced by lignocellulosic-degrading bacteria. After loosening, it is decomposed into cellulose and hemicellulose by endoglucanase, exoglucanase, xylanase and the like, and converted into hex sauce (hexamonosaccharide) such as glucose.
  • hex sauce hexamonosaccharide
  • pyruvic acid and the like are produced from hexose (hexamonosaccharide) such as glucose, and when the reaction proceeds further, volatile fatty acids (VFA) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, fatty acid and formic acid are produced.
  • VFA volatile fatty acids
  • Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are also produced during the metabolic process. Since acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are the base materials (raw materials) for methane fermentation, as the production of acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide increases with the promotion of decomposition of lignocellulosic, the amount of methane produced also increases.
  • lignocellulosic decomposition reaction pretreatment
  • lignocellulosic does not need to be decomposed and metabolized to hexose (hexamonosaccharide) and volatile fatty acid (VFA), and the difficult-to-decompose lignocellulosic is easily used in methane fermentation. For example, it is sufficient if it is decomposed to the extent of oligosaccharide.
  • the lignocellulosic biomass contained in the reaction solution is 0.5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight.
  • HRT and SRT are individually controlled in the microorganism culture tank 10 upstream of the decomposition tank 20, so that it is necessary to individually control HRT and SRT in the decomposition tank 20. Instead, it may be a completely mixed system in which the reaction solution is stirred. In this case, the reaction liquid in the decomposition tank 20 is not separated into the filtrate and the suspension, so that the HRT and the SRT are the same. It is preferable that the HRT and SRT of the decomposition tank 20 are both 4 to 36 hours. Further, the temperature of the reaction system in the decomposition tank 20 is controlled by using a temperature sensor or the like so as to be 35 to 42 ° C, more preferably 37 to 40 ° C. The reaction in the decomposition tank 20 may be carried out by standing still or by stirring, and it is preferable to carry out the reaction by stirring in order to accelerate the progress of the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction.
  • the redox potential of the culture solution of the rumen microorganism is -100 mv or less, more preferably-in order to make the environment anaerobic like the environment in the lumen. Adjust to 200 mv or less, more preferably about -250 mv.
  • Lumen microorganisms lignocellulose-degrading bacteria
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas may be injected.
  • Treatments such as adding reducing substances such as cysteine, L-ascorbic acid, sodium sulfide, ascorbic acid, methionine, thioglycol, and DTT, or adding organic substances to consume oxygen by the action of anaerobic bacteria. May be given. Further, the culturing of microorganisms and the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction may be carried out in a closed system in a nitrogen or carbon dioxide atmosphere.
  • the solid matter residence time (SRT) is longer than the hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the culture of rumen microorganisms and the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction in the microorganism culture tank and decomposition tank 110. That is, since lignocellulosic degrading bacteria adhere to the surface of solid matter (lignocellulosic biomass) and proliferate, if the SRT is short, they are discharged to the outside of the system together with the solid matter. On the other hand, if the HRT is longer than necessary, it becomes a negative factor such as a decrease in pH due to the produced volatile fatty acid (VFA) and inhibition of the growth of microorganisms.
  • VFA volatile fatty acid
  • the HRT is controlled to 8 to 36 hours, preferably 10 to 24 hours
  • the SRT is controlled to 24 hours or more, preferably 48 to 72 hours.
  • the control of HRT and SRT is performed by individually adjusting the discharge amount of the filtrate and the discharge amount of the suspension.
  • the temperature of the reaction system in the culture of the rumen microorganism and the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction is controlled by using a temperature sensor or the like so as to be 35 to 42 ° C, more preferably 37 to 40 ° C.
  • the solid concentration of the lignocellulosic biomass charged into the microbial culture tank / decomposition tank 110 is 0.05 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
  • the microbial culture and the lignocellulosic decomposition reaction may be independently performed in the microbial culture tank 10 and the decomposition tank 20 as shown in FIG. 3 (a), and are shown in FIG. 3 (b). As described above, it may be carried out in one tank in the microorganism culture tank and decomposition tank 110.
  • methane fermentation is performed using the lignocellulosic decomposition product contained in the reaction solution sent from the pretreatment tank (decomposition tank 20, microbial culture tank and decomposition tank 110) as a substrate.
  • the pretreatment tank decomposition tank 20, microbial culture tank and decomposition tank 110
  • lignocellulose which is difficult to decompose, has a shape that is easily used in methane fermentation, for example, lignocellulosic biomass decomposed to the extent of oligosaccharides, or volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid produced in the decomposition reaction (pretreatment).
  • Lignocellulose decomposition products) and hydrogen and carbon dioxide are used as substrates for methane fermentation.
  • Methane fermentation is carried out by methanogenic bacteria and is carried out under anaerobic conditions, which is equivalent to the decomposition reaction by lignocellulosic degrading bacteria. It can be theoretically predicted that when the activity of lignocellulosic-degrading bacteria increases, the activity of methane-producing bacteria also increases.
  • the methane fermentation may be either wet methane fermentation or dry methane fermentation. Further, either medium-temperature methane fermentation or high-temperature methane fermentation may be used. In the case of medium temperature methane fermentation, it is 20 to 30 days, more preferably 23 to 27 days, further preferably about 25 days, and in the case of high temperature methane fermentation, it is 10 to 20 days, more preferably 13 to 17 days, still more preferably 15 days. It is preferably done to some extent.
  • the temperature of methane fermentation is more than 20 ° C. and 40 ° C. or lower, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 37 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 37 ° C. in the case of medium temperature fermentation, and more than 40 ° C. in the case of high temperature fermentation. It is 60 ° C., more preferably 50 to 55 ° C., and even more preferably about 55 ° C.
  • the filtration device of the present invention can be used not only for solid-liquid separation of microbial culture solution, but also for wastewater treatment using microorganisms.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de filtration qui réduit la force d'entraînement d'une pompe utilisée pour décharger le filtrat d'un liquide de culture microbienne hors d'un réservoir de culture microbienne, et peut réduire la charge et la fréquence de lavage en réduisant au minimum l'adhérence forte de substances en suspension comprises dans le liquide de culture microbienne à la surface d'un corps de filtre.　La présente invention concerne un dispositif de filtration 1 qui est installé à l'intérieur d'un réservoir de culture microbienne 10 qui contient un liquide de culture microbienne 11, ledit dispositif de filtration comprenant : un corps de filtre 2 qui a une pluralité de trous fins ayant un diamètre de trou moyen de 1 µm ou plus et 1 mm ou moins qui filtre le liquide de culture microbienne 11 et qui contient le filtrat du liquide de culture microbien 11 qui a été filtré ; et une unité d'évacuation 3 de filtrat qui évacue le filtrat contenu dans le corps de filtre 2 à l'extérieur du réservoir de culture microbienne 10, le corps de filtre 2 étant immergé dans le liquide de culture microbienne 11 de telle sorte qu'une section d'extrémité supérieure 2a est positionnée au-dessus de la surface du liquide de culture microbienne 11.
PCT/JP2021/034407 2020-12-11 2021-09-17 Dispositif de filtration WO2022123855A1 (fr)

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