WO2022101068A1 - Stahlflachprodukt mit verbesserter zinkbeschichtung - Google Patents
Stahlflachprodukt mit verbesserter zinkbeschichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022101068A1 WO2022101068A1 PCT/EP2021/080485 EP2021080485W WO2022101068A1 WO 2022101068 A1 WO2022101068 A1 WO 2022101068A1 EP 2021080485 W EP2021080485 W EP 2021080485W WO 2022101068 A1 WO2022101068 A1 WO 2022101068A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- coating
- corrosion coating
- steel substrate
- flat
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010972 statistical evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003496 welding fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/28—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
- C23C14/30—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation by electron bombardment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/54—Controlling or regulating the coating process
- C23C14/541—Heating or cooling of the substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a flat steel product comprising a steel substrate with an anti-corrosion coating of zinc and unavoidable impurities present on at least one side of the steel substrate.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing such a flat steel product.
- flat steel products are understood to mean rolled products whose length and width are significantly greater than their thickness. These include, in particular, steel strips and steel sheets or blanks.
- unavoidable impurities in a steel, zinc or other alloy are technically unavoidable impurities in the steel that get into the steel during production or cannot be completely removed from it, but whose contents are in any case so low that that they have no influence on the properties of the steel or the coating.
- Highly stressed passenger and truck components such as crash structures and chassis of car bodies, require a galvanized steel sheet with a thickness of more than 1.5 mm and a tensile strength of more than 590 MPa (high-strength steel), in particular more than 780 MPa (high-strength steel ).
- the tensile strength is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6892, specimen form 1, for the purposes of this application.
- KR20190077200A describes a zinc hot-dip coating that influences hydrogen permeation. Particles with a size of 100nm to 1000nm are built into the layer to reduce hydrogen permeation. This measure can at most reduce the hydrogen absorption of the steel. Hydrogen that has already been absorbed during pre-treatment (strip cleaning, annealing) can no longer escape.
- US8048285B2 describes an electrolytically deposited ZnNi layer which has low hydrogen embrittlement.
- the low hydrogen embrittlement results from the coating's permeability to hydrogen.
- the permeability realized by adding Ni to the Zn electrolytic layer.
- Ni due to the harmful effects on health, the use of Ni should be avoided.
- Ni-containing welding fumes are produced, which are known for their carcinogenic effects.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a flat steel product with an anti-corrosion coating made of zinc and unavoidable impurities, in which hydrogen embrittlement is reduced.
- the object according to the invention is achieved by a flat steel product comprising a steel substrate with an anti-corrosion coating of zinc and unavoidable impurities present on at least one side of the steel substrate.
- the anti-corrosion coating has continuous micro-channels that connect the steel substrate with an ambient atmosphere.
- the micro-channels ensure that diffusible hydrogen, which has diffused into the steel substrate during pre-treatment prior to zinc coating, for example, can escape again through the anti-corrosion coating and does not remain trapped in the steel substrate.
- pre-treatment is necessary.
- the pretreatment is in particular a deoiling (for example an alkaline degreasing in combination with an electrolytic degreasing) and a surface preparation or activation step (for example a desmutting).
- diffusible hydrogen can be absorbed by the steel substrate. Ordinary zinc coating would prevent this hydrogen from outgassing, leaving it bound in the steel substrate and leading to hydrogen embrittlement.
- the microchannels according to the invention allow degassing of the absorbed hydrogen.
- the microchannels have a density that is greater than 1 mm -1 (ie 1 channel per 1 mm), 10 mm -1 (ie 1 channel per 100 ⁇ m), preferably greater than 50 mm -1 (ie 1 channel per 20 ⁇ m ), especially larger than 100 mm -1 (i.e. 1 channel per 10 ⁇ m).
- the density of the microchannels is determined in the vertical, metallographic section of the steel flat product.
- the number of continuous microchannels on a representative section of the polished section is determined by means of image recognition. The density results from the number per length of the polished section (in the direction of extension of the steel flat product).
- the hydrogen can move relatively freely in the steel substrate, a low density of microchannels is already sufficient to enable the hydrogen to be degassed. As the density of the microchannels increases, the barrier effect of the anti-corrosion coating against hydrogen diffusion decreases. This is advantageous because it speeds up the degassing process.
- the microchannels run essentially perpendicularly to the surface of the steel substrate.
- the microchannels have an angular distribution with a half-width of more than 30°, in particular more than 35°, preferably more than 40°.
- the width at half maximum of the angular distribution of the microchannels is determined by first determining an inclination angle for at least 100 adjacent microchannels in a polished section using image recognition. For this purpose, the midpoint of the end of each microchannel that is close to the substrate is determined and connected to the midpoint of the end of the respective microchannel that is remote from the substrate.
- the angle of this connecting line to the substrate surface is called the inclination angle of this microchannel.
- a full width at half maximum (FWHM—Full Width Half Maximum) is determined from the frequency distribution of the inclination angles for at least 100 adjacent microchannels by statistical evaluation.
- a FWHM greater than 30° means that the microchannels are not all parallel to each other, but are essentially distributed over the interval 75°-105°.
- the flat steel product is developed in such a way that the anti-corrosion coating has a thickness d of 1-20 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more. Irrespective of this, the thickness is in particular a maximum of 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is particularly preferably 5-10 ⁇ m.
- Layers below 1 ⁇ m typically do not provide sufficient protection against corrosion.
- a layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more will provide adequate corrosion protection until the end of the product's service life. Improved corrosion protection results up to a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. From this thickness there is no more significant improvement.
- excessively thick layers are not preferred due to the correspondingly longer coating time and the higher material costs.
- the anti-corrosion coating has a blocking effect S for hydrogen permeation which is at most 90%, preferably at most 80%.
- the barrier effect for hydrogen permeation is measured with the aid of a Devanathan/Stachursky permeation cell using the DIN EN ISO 17081 standard.
- a sample coated on one side with zinc is clamped between two half-cells, with one cell serving as the H loading cell and the other as the measuring cell.
- the uncoated sample side is coated with palladium.
- the samples are then installed in the permeation cell in such a way that the galvanized side faces the H loading cell.
- a 0.2m NaCl solution is used as the electrolyte.
- the measured value for the blocking effect is independent of the sample geometry (size and thickness of the sample) and the thickness of the palladium coating.
- a lower blocking effect has the advantage that the hydrogen absorbed by the substrate can easily escape through the anti-corrosion coating into the surrounding atmosphere.
- the anti-corrosion coating has a hydrogen permeation time that is less than 500 s, preferably less than 150 s.
- the hydrogen permeation time means the additional time that a zinc-coated steel flat product elapses compared to an uncoated one before the hydrogen produced in the Devanathan / Stachursky permeation cell is detected.
- the steel substrate of the flat steel product is, in particular, a high-strength, preferably an extremely high-strength steel. That means the tensile strength is more than 590 MPa, especially more than 780 MPa. The tensile strength is particularly preferably more than 1000 MPa, in particular more than 1200 MPa.
- the coating according to the invention is all the more relevant the higher the tensile strength of the substrate, since the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement and thus to brittle fractures increases with the tensile strength.
- the steel substrate is formed from a multi-phase steel, in particular from a complex-phase steel (CP) or a dual-phase steel (DP) or a martensite-phase steel (MS).
- Complex-phase steels have a structure that consists largely of bainite.
- CP steels have high tensile strength, but suffer from relatively low deformability, which prevents the design of geometrically complex components.
- Dual-phase steels have a structure consisting of a combination of hard components (e.g. martensite or bainite) and soft components (e.g. ferrite).
- DP steels are suitable for complex components due to their combination of high strength and good formability.
- the steel substrate is made of a multi-phase steel with the following analysis (data in % by weight):
- AI up to 1.00% by weight
- the steel substrate is a cold rolled multiphase steel with the following analysis (reported in wt%):
- AI up to 1.00% by weight
- the steel substrate is, in particular, a hot-rolled multi-phase steel with the following analysis (data in % by weight):
- Mn 1.00 - 3.00 wt%
- Mn 1.00 - 3.00 wt%
- AI up to 1.00% by weight
- the anti-corrosion coating is applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD).
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- a coating material which is initially in solid or liquid form, is usually vaporized by physical processes. This can be done, for example, thermally by directly heating the coating material (for example via an electric arc), by irradiating it with an electron or ion beam, or by illuminating it with a laser beam.
- the process for PVD coating is carried out in a coating chamber under reduced pressure.
- This coating process has several advantages. On the one hand, such methods are known for the fact that, due to the process, they introduce little or no hydrogen into the starting substrate. On the other hand, it is not necessary to heat the steel substrate too much. In the case of hot-dip galvanizing, for example, the steel substrate is inevitably subjected to temperatures of more than 460 °C (the zinc bath temperature). At these temperatures, however, a hard component of the substrate structure, in particular martensite, is tempered, as a result of which the characteristics of the steel substrate are lost. This is particularly relevant for DP steels as the steel substrate. Overall, tests have shown that all the steel substrates described above with a correspondingly high tensile strength can be coated without errors by means of gas phase deposition.
- the object according to the invention is also achieved by a method for producing a flat steel product as described above.
- the procedure includes the following steps:
- the anti-corrosion coating made of zinc and unavoidable impurities to the steel substrate by means of physical vapor deposition, the anti-corrosion coating having a thickness d and the ratio of the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating d to the coating rate r when applying the anti-corrosion coating is less than 1000s , preferably less than 800s.
- the ratio is less than 10s, in particular less than 5s, preferably less than 2.0s, in particular less than 1.5s, particularly preferably less than 1.0s.
- An anti-corrosion coating can therefore be applied in a short time has a significant thickness (preferably a thickness of 5 -10 ⁇ m), which nevertheless has a very low blocking effect on hydrogen permeation. Therefore, this process is very well suited for continuous coating of long steel strips.
- the method is further developed in such a way that the temperature of the steel substrate when the anti-corrosion coating is applied is greater than 50.degree. C., preferably greater than 100.degree. C., particularly preferably greater than 150.degree. C., in particular greater than 200.degree. It has been shown that this pre-heating is advantageous in order to achieve adequate layer adhesion.
- the ball impact test according to SEP1931 was used to determine whether there was sufficient adhesion of the layer. If the layer flaked off during the ball impact test, the layer adhesion was classified as "not OK”. In the cases without flaking off, the layer adhesion was classified as “okay (OK)”.
- the anti-corrosion coating made of zinc and unavoidable impurities is applied to the steel substrate by means of physical vapor deposition by providing the steel substrate in a coating chamber, with the pressure in the coating chamber being regulated.
- Zinc as a coating material is flowed into the coating chamber at an inflow point, with the zinc being tempered to a certain temperature.
- pressure and temperature are set in such a way that the temperature is above the dew point of the coating material. At a temperature above the dew point of the coating material, the coating material is in its gaseous phase. If the pressure is adjusted, for example increased, the dew point shifts, in the example towards higher temperatures. Appropriate readjustment of the temperature ensures that the coating material is in gaseous form.
- the pressure is set to between 1 mbar and 100 mbar, preferably to between 10 mbar and 100 mbar. This ensures that little coating material is lost for coating due to scattering on particles in the coating chamber. At the same time, the pressure is in a range that can be realized in commercial applications in industrial systems, for example when coating steel strips.
- an inert gas is flowed into the coating chamber at a further inflow point and the total pressure consisting of the partial pressure of the coating material and the partial pressure of the inert gas is selected as the pressure, with the adjustment being made of the pressure, the partial pressure of the coating material and the partial pressure of the inert gas can be adjusted. If the partial pressure of the coating material is not sufficient for a gliding or continuum flow, the total pressure can be increased by the inert gas to such an extent that a gliding or continuum flow is present. It is conceivable that the further inflow point is arranged at a distance from the inflow point. However, it is also conceivable that the coating material is mixed with the inert gas and flows into the coating chamber.
- the following table is intended to show some examples of combinations of pressure and temperature.
- the table shows the calculated dew point for zinc as a coating material
- nitrogen and/or argon is used as the inert gas.
- Nitrogen and argon are ideal as inert gases. Both gases do not adversely affect the PVD coating and are also suitable for rinsing the coating chamber.
- the inert gas is preheated, in particular upstream of the point of inflow, in order to prevent the coating material from cooling down.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a flat steel product with an anti-corrosion coating
- FIG. 2 shows a micrograph of a flat steel product with an anti-corrosion coating
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a microchannel
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a microchannel
- Figure 5 shows an angular distribution of the microchannels
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a flat steel product 13.
- the flat steel product 13 comprises a steel substrate 15 and an anti-corrosion coating 17 on one side of the steel substrate 15.
- the anti-corrosion coating 17 consists of zinc and unavoidable impurities.
- the anti-corrosion coating 17 has continuous micro-channels 19 which connect the steel substrate 15 to an ambient atmosphere 21 . (For better clarity, of the 18 microchannels shown, only the microchannel on the far right is provided with a reference number).
- FIG. 2 shows a vertical polished section of the flat steel product 13. This is exemplary embodiment no. 10 of Table 1 explained below is:
- Ni 0.05% by weight
- the flat steel product 13 comprises an anti-corrosion coating 17 present on one side of the steel substrate 15.
- the anti-corrosion coating 17 has a thickness d of 9 ⁇ m and consists of zinc and unavoidable impurities.
- the anti-corrosion coating 17 has continuous micro-channels 19 which connect the steel substrate 15 to an ambient atmosphere 21 . (For the sake of clarity, only one of the microchannels is provided with a reference number here as well). There are about 27 micro-channels in the image section shown, which corresponds to a density of 29 channels per 100 ⁇ m or 290 mm ⁇ -1 .
- the table below shows a number of exemplary embodiments and the process parameters for their production.
- the layer adhesion was also determined for all samples using the ball impact test according to SEP1931. If the layer flaked off during the ball impact test, the layer adhesion was classified as "not OK”. In the cases without flaking off, the layer adhesion was classified as "okay (OK)".
- a steel plate with a thickness of 1.8 mm was used as the substrate.
- the steel blank consisted of a steel with the analysis that is given with reference to FIG.
- Example 1 is the reference sample used to determine the barrier effect S.
- Samples 1-10 were coated by chemical vapor deposition (PVD).
- PVD chemical vapor deposition
- an electron beam evaporator was used to melt and evaporate the zinc coating material.
- the zinc coating material was melted and vaporized by means of an electric arc.
- Examples 2-5 were coated at a substrate temperature of room temperature (ie less than 50° C.).
- anti-corrosion coatings with a different thickness between 0.5 ⁇ m and 12 ⁇ m were applied generated. In all four cases, the layer adhesion was insufficient.
- the substrate was preheated to a temperature of 200°C.
- Layer thicknesses between 1 and 8 ⁇ m were produced with a coating rate of 8 nm/s.
- Samples 6 and 7 show both good layer adhesion and good hydrogen permeability.
- the substrate was pre-tempered to a temperature of 240°C. With a significantly higher coating rate of 7000 nm/s or 10000 nm/s, layer thicknesses of 6.5 ⁇ m or 9 ⁇ m were produced.
- Samples 9 and 10 show both good layer adhesion and good hydrogen permeability.
- samples 11 and 12 were electrolytically galvanized.
- the sample 12 was also thermally post-treated by holding it at a temperature of 200° for 60 minutes in an inert gas atmosphere. In both cases there is an extremely high blocking effect S, so that the introduced hydrogen remains in the substrate. Thus, these samples are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a microchannel 19 within an anti-corrosion coating 17.
- the microchannel 19 connects the steel substrate 15 to the ambient atmosphere.
- the microchannel 19 runs essentially perpendicularly to the surface 23 of the steel substrate 15.
- the lower third of the illustrated microchannel 19 runs at an angle of 110° to the surface 23 of the steel substrate 15. This is shown by the angle 25 between the surface 23 of the steel substrate 15 and the tangent 27.
- the tangent 27 is adapted to the course of the micro-channel 19 in the lower third.
- the microchannel makes a right curve and initially runs almost vertically and then at an angle of about 70° to the surface 23 of the steel substrate 15 before the microchannel 19 widens like a funnel to the surface of the anti-corrosion coating.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a microchannel 19 within an anti-corrosion coating 17.
- the microchannel 19 connects the steel substrate 15 to the ambient atmosphere.
- the microchannel 19 has an angle of inclination 31.
- the angle of inclination 31 is determined by determining the center point of the end of the microchannel 19 near the substrate and connecting it to the center point of the end of the microchannel 19 remote from the substrate.
- the angle of this connecting line 19 to the substrate surface 23 is referred to as the angle of inclination 31 of the microchannel 19 .
- FIG. 5 shows an angular distribution of the microchannels in the form of a histogram of the angles of inclination. The number of angles of inclination determined in the respective interval is plotted. A step width of 5° was chosen. A total of 930 microchannels were evaluated. The half-width is 42°.
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Abstract
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JP2023528272A JP2023552071A (ja) | 2020-11-13 | 2021-11-03 | 改善された亜鉛コーティングを有する平鋼製品 |
EP21807004.3A EP4214349A1 (de) | 2020-11-13 | 2021-11-03 | Stahlflachprodukt mit verbesserter zinkbeschichtung |
CN202180076463.4A CN116507755A (zh) | 2020-11-13 | 2021-11-03 | 具有改善的锌涂层的扁钢产品 |
US18/035,378 US20230407455A1 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2021-11-03 | Flat steel product having an improved zinc coating |
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EP3020842B1 (de) | 2013-07-12 | 2019-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Hochfestes plattiertes stahlblech mit hervorragenden plattierungseigenschaften, bearbeitbarkeit und verzögerter bruchfestigkeit und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
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IT1291883B1 (it) | 1997-04-18 | 1999-01-21 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Procedimento per la produzione in continuo, tramite deposizione fisica da fase vapore, di nastri metallici rivestiti con elevata |
DE102009045076A1 (de) | 2009-09-28 | 2011-04-07 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Korrosionsschutz auf Zink-Legierungsbasis |
DE102009053367A1 (de) | 2009-11-14 | 2011-05-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung auf einem höherfesten Stahlblechmaterial |
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- 2021-11-03 CN CN202180076463.4A patent/CN116507755A/zh active Pending
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DE102020214293B4 (de) | 2022-09-15 |
EP4214349A1 (de) | 2023-07-26 |
CN116507755A (zh) | 2023-07-28 |
US20230407455A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
JP2023552071A (ja) | 2023-12-14 |
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