WO2022082889A1 - 新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化*** - Google Patents

新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化*** Download PDF

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WO2022082889A1
WO2022082889A1 PCT/CN2020/127807 CN2020127807W WO2022082889A1 WO 2022082889 A1 WO2022082889 A1 WO 2022082889A1 CN 2020127807 W CN2020127807 W CN 2020127807W WO 2022082889 A1 WO2022082889 A1 WO 2022082889A1
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melting
outlet
inlet
rotary kiln
integrated system
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PCT/CN2020/127807
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李要建
杨燕玲
李伟
曹德标
严圣军
茅洪菊
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江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司
江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2022082889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022082889A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1545—Equipment for removing or retaining slag

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an integrated system for burning hazardous wastes, in particular to a novel integrated system for burning hazardous wastes on-line coupled with plasma melting, and belongs to the technical field of harmless waste and recycling of hazardous wastes.
  • the "National Hazardous Waste List” divides hazardous waste into 479 types of waste, with a total of 46 categories. Hazardous waste is inflammable, explosive, corrosive, infectious and other hazards, so the proper disposal of hazardous waste is particularly important.
  • Patent Publication No. CN207831365U discloses a device for treating waste, and the waste is gasified through a rotary kiln and then enters the melting furnace on-line for further melting treatment.
  • the patent adopts a series process of first gasification and then melting, so that more materials enter the melting section, and at the same time, the exhaust gas of the rotary kiln also enters the melting furnace system for heating.
  • Patent CN107152684A (published on 2017.09.12) discloses a waste incineration method.
  • the patent provides a waste incineration method. The focus is to solve the problems of incomplete decomposition, insufficient combustion and substandard discharge of hazardous waste in the prior art.
  • the prior art adopts the high energy consumption process of bottom slag cooling and remelting, and the high temperature melting flow channel of bottom slag is long, the temperature drop is large, and a separate exhaust gas purification system is required, resulting in high cost and complicated process.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel integrated system for combusting hazardous waste on-line coupled with plasma melting, which realizes high-temperature on-line melting of the bottom slag of hazardous waste incineration, greatly improves energy utilization efficiency, and effectively reduces overall operating costs.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
  • a new type of integrated system for combusting on-line plasma melting of hazardous wastes is characterized in that it includes an integrated incineration and melting device, a waste heat recovery device, a quenching tower, a dry reactor, a catalytic bag filter, a wet deacidification tower, a Fan and chimney, the flue gas outlet of the integrated incineration and melting device is connected to the inlet of the waste heat recovery device, the outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the inlet of the quenching tower, the outlet of the quenching tower is connected to the inlet of the dry reactor, and the outlet of the dry reactor is connected The inlet of the catalytic bag filter, the outlet of the catalytic bag filter is connected to the inlet of the wet deacidification tower, the outlet of the wet deacidification tower is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan, and the outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney.
  • the slag outlet of the integrated incineration and melting device is arranged above the water quenching water tank and is connected with the water quenching water tank.
  • the water quenching water tank is provided with a slag scavenger, and the slag scavenger is inclined and arranged in the water quenching water tank.
  • the lower end of the slag machine is arranged at the bottom of the water quenching water tank, and the higher end of the slag removal machine extends out of the water quenching water tank and is connected to the slag pit.
  • the integrated incineration and melting device includes a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion chamber and a melting process section.
  • the rotary kiln is inclined to the horizontal direction and one end of the rotary kiln is fixedly connected to the lower end side of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the secondary combustion chamber is vertically arranged. The direction is set and the lower end of the second combustion chamber is fixed on the upper end of the melting process section, and a plasma generator is arranged in the melting process section.
  • the inclination angle between the rotary kiln and the horizontal direction is 2°, and the rotation speed of the rotary kiln is 0.5-2rpm.
  • the lower end of the rotary kiln is fixedly connected to the lower end side of the secondary combustion chamber and communicated with the inner cavity of the secondary combustion chamber, and the other end of the rotary kiln is provided with a burner, an atomizing spray gun and a feeding system.
  • the upper end of the melting process section is provided with an additive feeding system, the basicity in the melting process section is maintained between 0.4-0.8, and the melting temperature is 1400°C.
  • the whole of the melting process section is cylindrical, and the ratio between the height of the melting process section and the diameter of the cross section is 2-2.5:1.
  • the waste heat recovery device cools the flue gas temperature from 1100-1200°C to 500-550°C.
  • the quench tower uses compressed air to atomize the desuperheating water, and uses the atomized desuperheating water with a particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m to reduce the temperature of the flue gas to below 200° C. in 1 second.
  • outlet of the ash collecting hopper of the catalytic bag filter is connected with the additive feeding system.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the invention can realize the high-temperature online melting of the bottom slag of hazardous waste incineration, make the bottom slag of the incineration section of the rotary kiln directly enter the melting section for high-temperature treatment, and greatly improve the energy utilization efficiency.
  • the joint purification after entering the post-processing system effectively reduces the overall operating cost and avoids the shortcomings of existing technologies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the novel integrated system of the present invention for combusting hazardous wastes with online coupled plasma melting.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the integrated incineration and melting device of the present invention.
  • a novel integrated system of the present invention for combusting hazardous waste on-line coupled with plasma melting includes an integrated incineration and melting device 1, a waste heat recovery device 2, a quench tower 3, a dry reactor 4, a catalytic cloth bag Dust collector 5, wet deacidification tower 6, induced draft fan 7 and chimney 8, the flue gas outlet of the integrated incineration and melting device 1 is connected to the inlet of the waste heat recovery device 2, the outlet of the waste heat recovery device 2 is connected to the inlet of the quench tower 3, and the quench tower
  • the outlet of 3 is connected to the inlet of the dry reactor 4, the outlet of the dry reactor 4 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic bag filter 5, the outlet of the catalytic bag filter 5 is connected to the inlet of the wet deacidification tower 6, and the outlet of the wet deacidification tower 6 is connected.
  • Hazardous waste enters the incineration section of the integrated incineration and melting device 1 for sufficient oxidation reaction, releasing chemical energy, and the high-temperature bottom slag after incineration enters the melting device at the end, and then enters the water quenching and cooling device after further melting and vitrification. It is used as a resource for building materials; at the same time, the incineration and molten exhaust gas enters the secondary combustion chamber and is burned through the waste heat utilization system to recover the waste heat in the flue gas, and then discharge it after the multi-stage flue gas purification reaches the standard.
  • the slag outlet of the integrated incineration and melting device 1 is arranged above the water quenching water tank 9 and connected to the water quenching water tank 9.
  • the water quenching water tank 9 is provided with a slag fishing machine 10, and the slag fishing machine 10 is inclined and arranged in the water quenching water tank 9.
  • the lower end of the slag scraper 10 is arranged at the bottom of the water quenching tank 9 , and the higher end of the slag scraper 10 extends out of the water quenching tank 9 and is connected to the slag pit 11 .
  • After the bottom slag is melted, it is discharged into the water quenching tank 9 through the slag discharge port for rapid cooling and cooling to form a stable glass body.
  • the vitreous body is used as a building material after completing the leaching toxicity test with reference to the "GB 5085.7-2019 General Principles of Hazardous Waste Identification Standards" standard.
  • the integrated incineration and melting device 1 includes a rotary kiln 12, a secondary combustion chamber 13 and a melting process section 14.
  • the rotary kiln 12 is arranged inclined to the horizontal direction and one end of the rotary kiln 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end side of the secondary combustion chamber 13.
  • the secondary combustion chamber 13 It is arranged in the vertical direction and the lower end of the secondary combustion chamber 13 is fixed on the upper end of the melting process section 14.
  • the melting process section 14 is provided with a plasma generator 15.
  • the plasma generator can adopt various forms such as arc or plasma torch.
  • the specific arrangement The method can determine the optimal power type selection according to the temperature flow field inside the furnace body to ensure the uniform temperature distribution of the molten bottom slag, and a plasma arc system is used in the drawings of this embodiment.
  • the inclination angle of the rotary kiln 12 to the horizontal direction is 2°, and the rotation speed of the rotary kiln 12 is 0.5-2 rpm.
  • the tail gas of the incineration and melting process section 14 of the rotary kiln 12 both enters the secondary combustion chamber 13 for further incineration to release heat and then enters the waste heat utilization device 2 .
  • the high integration of combustion and high-temperature melting equipment, the high-temperature bottom slag produced by incineration is directly discharged into the melting section at the outlet of the rotary kiln for further high-temperature treatment, which effectively avoids the blockage of connected equipment and heat loss caused by split equipment. Waste of energy brought about by off-line melting.
  • the flue gas from rotary kiln incineration and bottom slag melting is collected into the back-end flue gas purification system for centralized treatment, and finally the flue gas is discharged up to the standard after multi-stage purification, which effectively solves the problems caused by the new flue gas purification system for offline melting. Waste of investment and operating costs. Both the rotary kiln and the molten flue gas enter the secondary combustion chamber for incineration, avoiding the need to prepare a flue gas purification device for the melting process, which can effectively reduce investment and operating costs.
  • the lower end of the rotary kiln 12 is fixedly connected with the lower end side of the secondary combustion chamber 13 and communicated with the inner cavity of the secondary combustion chamber 13 .
  • the solid hazardous waste enters the integrated incineration and melting device 1 from the feeding system 18 and the liquid hazardous waste from the atomizing spray gun 17 respectively. After the hazardous waste is ignited by the combustion flame of the burner 16 in the kiln, it begins to burn and oxidize to release chemical energy, and with the rotation of the rotary kiln 12, the bottom slag is fully burned and discharged into the melting process section 14, and the coke content of the bottom slag is controlled at 5-10%. , there is no need to add coke auxiliary materials in the melting stage.
  • the upper end of the melting process section 14 is provided with an additive feeding system 19.
  • the additive feeding system 19 can simultaneously input additives and bottom slag into the furnace, that is, the melting furnace can not only melt and dispose of the high-temperature slag produced by the rotary kiln 12, but also simultaneously dispose of the external plant. Input cooling bottoms.
  • the additive feeding system 19 adopts the screw feeding method, and the additive can be made of materials with high content of silicon dioxide such as river sand and glass, so that the basic degree of the mixture of the molten bottom slag and the additive is between 0.24 and 1.24, so as to improve the vitrification Effect.
  • the basicity in the melting process section 14 is maintained between 0.4-0.8, and the melting temperature is 1400°C.
  • the bottom slag is further heated by the plasma generator 15, and is mixed with the additives and the bottom slag input by the additive feeding system 19, which can effectively improve the solidification rate of heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
  • the whole of the melting process section 14 is cylindrical, and the ratio between the height of the melting process section 14 and the diameter of the cross section is 2-2.5:1.
  • the high-temperature slag directly enters the melting process section 14 and is further heated to 1300-1600 °C. At such a high temperature, harmful organic substances such as dioxins are fully destroyed, and the inorganic components in the waste will be melted into a liquid state. After a sufficient melting reaction A homogeneous melt is formed, which is then rapidly cooled to form a glass body.
  • the glass body has very good chemical stability, that is, during the melting process, the heavy metals are oriented to migrate into the glass body.
  • the glass body can effectively immobilize and stabilize heavy metals, and the leaching rate is very low. It is a stable substance and can be used as a raw material for building materials, roadbeds or microcrystalline ceramics.
  • the waste heat recovery device 2 cools the flue gas temperature from 1100-1200 °C to 500-550 °C, and the steam parameter of the waste heat boiler is 1.0Mpa, which can be used for heating inside the plant and surrounding residents.
  • the quench tower 3 uses compressed air to atomize the desuperheated water, and uses the atomized desuperheated water with a particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 200° C. in 1 second.
  • the flue gas enters the quenching tower 3 after heat exchange by the waste heat return device 2.
  • the nozzle of the quenching tower adopts water fluid atomization, and compressed air is used for desuperheating water atomization. , make the particle size of the desuperheating water after atomization less than 100 ⁇ m, and ensure that the flue gas is cooled to below 200 °C in 1s.
  • the outlet of the ash hopper of the catalytic bag filter 4 is connected with the additive feeding system. The flue gas enters the dry reactor 4 after being quenched to remove the condensed metal chloride salt, particulate matter and NOx gas in the flue gas.
  • the particulate matter and metal chlorides captured by the catalytic bag filter 5 are returned to the additive feeding system 19, and then enter the melting process section 14 for solidification, and are regularly outsourced for disposal to avoid the accumulation of metal chlorides.
  • the flue gas adopts a wet purification process to avoid a large amount of secondary fly ash produced by the dry method. After dust removal, the flue gas is discharged up to the standard after being washed by an alkaline wet scrubber, and the flue gas discharge meets the discharge requirements of GB18484 "Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard".
  • the invention can realize the high-temperature online melting of the bottom slag of hazardous waste incineration, make the bottom slag of the incineration section of the rotary kiln directly enter the melting section for high-temperature treatment, and greatly improve the energy utilization efficiency.
  • the joint purification after entering the post-processing system effectively reduces the overall operating cost and avoids the shortcomings of existing technologies.
  • the present invention is a novel integrated system for incineration of hazardous wastes that is coupled with plasma melting on-line, which effectively integrates the rotary kiln, the melting process section and the secondary combustion chamber into an integrated device, so that the high-temperature molten slag directly enters the melting process section, which effectively reduces the installation cost.
  • making full use of the heat energy of the molten slag can effectively reduce the demand for external energy, improve the energy utilization efficiency, and effectively avoid the waste of energy from reheating from normal temperature to molten state.
  • the bottom slag produced by the invention the glass body formed by high temperature melting, has very good chemical stability, and can be used as a raw material for building materials, roadbeds or microcrystalline ceramics, thereby solving the problem of shortage of land resources and nowhere to fill the bottom slag. At the same time, it also reduces the high cost of landfill.
  • the invention enables the exhaust gas generated by the rotary kiln and the melting process to enter the secondary combustion chamber for full combustion, reduces the need for additional exhaust gas purification systems for separately setting up the melting furnace, and effectively saves equipment investment and operating costs.

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Abstract

一种危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，一体化焚烧熔融装置（1）的烟气出口连接余热回收装置（2）的进口，余热回收装置（2）的出口连接急冷塔（3）的进口，急冷塔（3）的出口连接干式反应器（4）的进口，干式反应器（4）的出口连接催化布袋除尘器（5）的进口，催化布袋除尘器（5）的出口连接湿式脱酸塔（6）的进口，湿式脱酸塔（6）的出口连接引风机（7）的进口，引风机（7）的出口连接烟囱（8）。能够实现危险废物焚烧底渣的高温在线熔融，使回转窑（12）焚烧段底渣直接进入熔融段进行高温处理，大幅提高能源利用效率，同时回转窑（12）烟气与熔融烟气汇集经二次燃烧后进入后处理***联合净化，有效降低整体运营成本，避免了现有各项技术的不足。

Description

新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化*** 技术领域
本发明涉及一种危废燃烧一体化***，特别是一种新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，属于危险废弃物无害化及资源化技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，随着我国化工、冶金、医药等行业的飞速发展，使得生产过程中产生的危险废物急剧增多，导致产生的危险废物处理矛盾日益突出。《国家危险废物名录》将危废分为479种废物，共46大类，危废具有易燃易爆、腐蚀、传染等危害性，因此危废的妥善处置显得尤为重要。
对于危废处理***，中国专利公开号CN207831365U公开了处理废物的装置，废物通过回转窑气化后在线进入熔融炉进一步熔融处理。该专利采用先气化再熔融的串联工艺，使得进入熔融段的物料较多，且同时回转窑尾气也进入熔融炉***加热，整体气量较大，整体工艺能耗较高，无实际工程推广意义。专利CN107152684A(公布日2017.09.12)公开了废物焚烧方法，该专利提供一种废物焚烧方法，重点为解决现有技术中危险废物分解不彻底、燃烧不充分，排放不达标问题，提出采用两步焚烧的工艺，分步送入理论需氧量81％～89％和150％～180％的助燃气体确保危废的充分燃烧；针对危废底渣的处理虽提及采用熔融装置进行处理但具体底渣进料形式及尾气净化工艺未做详细阐述。
现有技术采用底渣冷却再熔融的高耗能工艺和底渣高温熔融流道长、温降大及需要设置单独的尾气净化***造成成本高、工艺复杂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，实现危险废物焚烧底渣的高温在线熔融，大幅提高能源利用效率，有效降低整体运营成本。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：包含一体化焚烧熔融装置、余热回收装置、急冷塔、干式反应器、催化布袋除尘器、湿式脱酸塔、引风机和烟囱，一体化焚烧熔融装置的烟气出口连接余热回收装置的进口，余热回收装置的出口连接急冷塔的进口，急冷塔的出口连接干式反应器的进口，干式反应器的出口连接催化布袋除尘器的进口，催化布袋除尘器的出口连接湿式脱酸塔的进口，湿式脱酸塔的出口连接引风 机的进口，引风机的出口连接烟囱。
进一步地，所述一体化焚烧熔融装置的熔渣出口设置在水淬水箱的上方并且与水淬水箱连接，水淬水箱内设置有捞渣机，捞渣机倾斜设置在水淬水箱内并且捞渣机的较低的一端设置在水淬水箱底部，捞渣机较高的一端伸出水淬水箱并且与渣坑连接。
进一步地，所述一体化焚烧熔融装置包含回转窑、二燃室和熔融工艺段，回转窑倾斜于水平方向设置并且回转窑的一端与二燃室的下端侧面固定连接，二燃室沿竖直方向设置并且二燃室下端固定在熔融工艺段上端，熔融工艺段内设置有等离子体发生器。
进一步地，所述回转窑与水平方向的倾斜角度为2°，回转窑的旋转速度为0.5-2rpm。
进一步地，所述回转窑较低的一端与二燃室的下端侧面固定连接并且与二燃室内腔连通，回转窑的另一端设置有燃烧器、雾化喷枪和进料***。
进一步地，所述熔融工艺段上端设置有添加剂进料***，熔融工艺段内碱基度维持在0.4-0.8之间，熔融温度在1400℃。
进一步地，所述熔融工艺段的整体为圆柱形，熔融工艺段的高度与横截面直径之间的比例为2-2.5∶1。
进一步地，所述余热回收装置将烟气温度由1100-1200℃降温至500-550℃。
进一步地，所述急冷塔采用压缩空气进行减温水雾化，并使用雾化后的减温水粒径小于100μm，使烟气温度1秒降至200℃以下。
进一步地，所述催化布袋除尘器的收灰斗出口与添加剂进料***连接。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果：
本发明能实现危险废物焚烧底渣的高温在线熔融，使回转窑焚烧段底渣直接进入熔融段进行高温处理，大幅提高能源利用效率，同时回转窑烟气与熔融烟气汇集经二次燃烧后进入后处理***联合净化，有效降低整体运营成本，避免了现有各项技术的不足。
附图说明
图1是本发明的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***的示意图。
图2是本发明的一体化焚烧熔融装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了详细阐述本发明为达到预定技术目的而所采取的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清晰、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，并且，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下， 本发明的实施例中的技术手段或技术特征可以替换，下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如图1所示，本发明的一种新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，包含一体化焚烧熔融装置1、余热回收装置2、急冷塔3、干式反应器4、催化布袋除尘器5、湿式脱酸塔6、引风机7和烟囱8，一体化焚烧熔融装置1的烟气出口连接余热回收装置2的进口，余热回收装置2的出口连接急冷塔3的进口，急冷塔3的出口连接干式反应器4的进口，干式反应器4的出口连接催化布袋除尘器5的进口，催化布袋除尘器5的出口连接湿式脱酸塔6的进口，湿式脱酸塔6的出口连接引风机7的进口，引风机7的出口连接烟囱8。危废进入一体化焚烧熔融装置1的焚烧段进行充分的氧化反应，释放化学能，焚烧后的高温底渣进入末端的熔融装置，进一步熔融玻璃化后进入水淬冷却装置，产出的玻璃体可作为建筑材料资源化利用；同时，焚烧及熔融尾气进入二燃室燃烧后通过余热利用***回收烟气中的余热后经多级烟气净化达标后排放。
一体化焚烧熔融装置1的熔渣出口设置在水淬水箱9的上方并且与水淬水箱9连接，水淬水箱9内设置有捞渣机10，捞渣机10倾斜设置在水淬水箱9内并且捞渣机10的较低的一端设置在水淬水箱9底部，捞渣机10较高的一端伸出水淬水箱9并且与渣坑11连接。底渣熔融后经排渣口排入水淬水箱9中进行急冷降温形成稳定的玻璃体后经捞渣机10捞出后存入渣坑11存储。玻璃体参考《GB 5085.7-2019危险废物鉴别标准通则》标准完成浸出毒性实验达标后资源化用作建材。
一体化焚烧熔融装置1包含回转窑12、二燃室13和熔融工艺段14，回转窑12倾斜于水平方向设置并且回转窑12的一端与二燃室13的下端侧面固定连接，二燃室13沿竖直方向设置并且二燃室13下端固定在熔融工艺段14上端，熔融工艺段14内设置有等离子体发生器15，等离子体发生器可采用电弧或等离子体炬等多种形式，具体布置方式可根据炉体内部温度流场确定最佳的功率选型确保熔融底渣的温度分布均，本实施例的附图中采用的是等离子体弧***。回转窑12与水平方向的倾斜角度为2°，回转窑12的旋转速度为0.5-2rpm。回转窑12焚烧与熔融工艺段14尾气均进入二燃室13进一步焚烧释放热量后进入余热利用装置2。燃烧与高温熔融设备的高度集成，焚烧产生高温底渣在回转窑出口直接排入熔融工段进行进一步高温处理，有效避免了分体式设备带来的连接设备堵塞、热量散失等弊端，同时也避免了离线熔融带来的能源的浪费。因设备高度集成，回转窑焚烧与底渣熔融烟气汇集进入后端烟气净化***集中处理，最终烟气经多级净化后达标排放，有效解决了离线熔融新增烟气净化***带来的投资及运行成本的浪费。回转窑和熔融烟气均进入二燃室进行焚烧，避免单 独为熔融工艺配制烟气净化装置，可有效降低投资及运行成本。
回转窑12较低的一端与二燃室13的下端侧面固定连接并且与二燃室13内腔连通，回转窑12的另一端设置有燃烧器16、雾化喷枪17和进料***18。固体危废从进料***18，液体危废从雾化喷枪17分别进入一体化焚烧熔融装置1。危废经窑内燃烧器16燃烧火焰点燃后开始焚烧氧化释放化学能，并随着回转窑12的旋转充分燃烧后底渣排入熔融工艺段14内，底渣焦炭含量控制在5-10％，熔融阶段无需增加焦炭辅料。
熔融工艺段14上端设置有添加剂进料***19，添加剂进料***19可以同时输入添加剂和底渣入炉，即熔融炉不仅可熔融处置回转窑12产生的高温炉渣，同时还可以同步处置外厂输入的冷却底渣。添加剂进料***19采用螺旋进料方式，添加剂可采用河沙、玻璃等二氧化硅成分含量高的物质，使熔融底渣和添加剂的混合物碱基度在0.24～1.24之间，以提高玻璃化效果。熔融工艺段14内碱基度维持在0.4-0.8之间，熔融温度在1400℃。底渣经过等离子体发生器15进一步加热，并且与添加剂进料***19输入的添加剂和底渣混合，可以有效提高Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn等重金属固化率。熔融工艺段14的整体为圆柱形，熔融工艺段14的高度与横截面直径之间的比例为2-2.5∶1。高温炉渣直接进入熔融工艺段14进一步加热升温至1300～1600℃，在如此高的温度下，二噁英等有害有机物得到充分摧毁，废物中的无机成份将熔化成液态，经过充分的熔融反应后生成性质均匀的熔体，再通过快速冷却后形成玻璃体。玻璃体具有非常好的化学稳定性，即在熔融处理过程中，使重金属定向迁移至玻璃体中。玻璃体能有效固定化稳定化重金属，浸出率很低，为安定物质，可资源化用作建材、路基或微晶陶瓷的原材料。
余热回收装置2将烟气温度由1100-1200℃降温至500-550℃，余热锅炉蒸汽参数为1.0Mpa，可为厂区内部及周围居民供热使用。急冷塔3采用压缩空气进行减温水雾化，并使用雾化后的减温水粒径小于100μm，使烟气温度1秒降至200℃以下。烟气经余热回水装置2换热后进入急冷塔3，为避免二噁英的再合成温度区间200℃～500℃，急冷塔喷头采用水流体雾化碰头，采用压缩空气进行减温水雾化，使雾化后的减温水粒径小于100μm，确保烟气的1s降温至200℃以下。催化布袋除尘器4的收灰斗出口与添加剂进料***连接。烟气经急冷后进入干式反应器4，脱除凝结后的金属氯盐、颗粒物及烟气中的NOx气体。催化布袋除尘器5捕捉的颗粒物及金属氯盐重新返回添加剂进料***19，进入熔融工艺段14固化，并定期委外处置，避免金属氯盐富集。烟气采用湿式净化工艺，避免采用干法产生大量二次飞灰。烟气经除尘后经碱洗湿式洗涤塔后达标排放，烟气排放满足GB18484《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准》排放要求。
本发明能实现危险废物焚烧底渣的高温在线熔融，使回转窑焚烧段底渣直接进入熔融段进行高温处理，大幅提高能源利用效率，同时回转窑烟气与熔融烟气汇集经二次燃烧后进入后处理***联合净化，有效降低整体运营成本，避免了现有各项技术的不足。
本发明一种新型危险废物焚烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，使回转窑、熔融工艺段、二燃室有效融合为一体化设备，使得高温熔渣直接进入熔融工艺段，有效降低了设置连接管道引起的降温凝固堵塞管路的风险，同时，充分利用熔渣自身热能可有效降低外部能源的需求量，提高了能源利用效率，有效避免了从常温再次加热至熔融态的能源浪费现象。本发明产生的底渣，经高温熔融形成的玻璃体具有非常好的化学稳定性，可资源化用作建材、路基或微晶陶瓷的原材料，从而解决了土地资源紧张、底渣无处可填的现状，同时也降低了因填埋产生的高额费用支出。本发明使回转窑和熔融工艺产生的尾气均进入二燃室充分燃烧，减少了单独设置熔融炉需增设的尾气净化***，有效节约了设备投资及运行成本。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质，在本发明的精神和原则之内，对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：包含一体化焚烧熔融装置、余热回收装置、急冷塔、干式反应器、催化布袋除尘器、湿式脱酸塔、引风机和烟囱，一体化焚烧熔融装置的烟气出口连接余热回收装置的进口，余热回收装置的出口连接急冷塔的进口，急冷塔的出口连接干式反应器的进口，干式反应器的出口连接催化布袋除尘器的进口，催化布袋除尘器的出口连接湿式脱酸塔的进口，湿式脱酸塔的出口连接引风机的进口，引风机的出口连接烟囱。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述一体化焚烧熔融装置的熔渣出口设置在水淬水箱的上方并且与水淬水箱连接，水淬水箱内设置有捞渣机，捞渣机倾斜设置在水淬水箱内并且捞渣机的较低的一端设置在水淬水箱底部，捞渣机较高的一端伸出水淬水箱并且与渣坑连接。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述一体化焚烧熔融装置包含回转窑、二燃室和熔融工艺段，回转窑倾斜于水平方向设置并且回转窑的一端与二燃室的下端侧面固定连接，二燃室沿竖直方向设置并且二燃室下端固定在熔融工艺段上端，熔融工艺段内设置有等离子体发生器。
  4. 按照权利要求3所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述回转窑与水平方向的倾斜角度为2°，回转窑的旋转速度为0.5-2rpm。
  5. 按照权利要求3所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述回转窑较低的一端与二燃室的下端侧面固定连接并且与二燃室内腔连通，回转窑的另一端设置有燃烧器、雾化喷枪和进料***。
  6. 按照权利要求3所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述熔融工艺段上端设置有添加剂进料***，熔融工艺段内碱基度维持在0.4-0.8之间，熔融温度在1400℃。
  7. 按照权利要求3所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述熔融工艺段的整体为圆柱形，熔融工艺段的高度与横截面直径之间的比例为2-2.5∶1。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述余热回收装置将烟气温度由1100-1200℃降温至500-550℃。
  9. 按照权利要求1所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述急冷塔采用压缩空气进行减温水雾化，并使用雾化后的减温水粒径小于100μm，使烟气温度1秒降至200℃以下。
  10. 按照权利要求6所述的新型危险废物燃烧在线耦合等离子体熔融的一体化***，其特征在于：所述催化布袋除尘器的收灰斗出口与添加剂进料***连接。
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