WO2022082395A1 - 电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022082395A1
WO2022082395A1 PCT/CN2020/121998 CN2020121998W WO2022082395A1 WO 2022082395 A1 WO2022082395 A1 WO 2022082395A1 CN 2020121998 W CN2020121998 W CN 2020121998W WO 2022082395 A1 WO2022082395 A1 WO 2022082395A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
fire
pressure relief
chamber
relief mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/121998
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾毓群
胡浪超
黄小腾
洪家荣
杨海奇
汪文礼
Original Assignee
江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Priority to EP20957978.8A priority Critical patent/EP4064438A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/121998 priority patent/WO2022082395A1/zh
Priority to JP2023504840A priority patent/JP2023542605A/ja
Priority to KR1020237002166A priority patent/KR20230025892A/ko
Publication of WO2022082395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022082395A1/zh
Priority to US17/842,778 priority patent/US20220328927A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing a battery.
  • the battery In a device that uses electric energy as a driving energy, the battery is the core component, and ensuring the safety of the battery is very important to ensure the safety of the device as a whole, and the thermal runaway of the battery is an important factor that threatens the safety of the battery.
  • the present application provides a battery, an electrical device, and a method and equipment for preparing the battery.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a battery, comprising:
  • the battery cell including a pressure relief mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold;
  • a fire-fighting chamber for containing a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting chamber is configured to release the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the fire-fighting medium enters the interior of the battery cell;
  • a collection chamber for collecting emissions from the battery cells when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and the collection chamber is located on a side of the fire protection chamber away from the battery cells;
  • the isolation member is configured to be penetrated by the exhaust when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the exhaust enters the collection chamber via the fire protection chamber.
  • the isolation member is configured to be destroyed by the discharge when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to allow the discharge to enter the collection chamber via the fire protection chamber.
  • the isolation member is provided with a weakened portion configured to be broken by the discharge upon actuation of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the weakened portion is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the isolation member is provided with a through hole configured to allow the discharge to pass through the isolation member.
  • the through hole is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the isolation member is configured as a cavity wall common to the fire fighting cavity and the collection cavity.
  • the battery further includes:
  • a cover for connecting with the case to encapsulate the battery cells
  • the fire protection chamber, the collection chamber and the isolation member are configured as at least part of the cover body.
  • the cover body is provided with a discharge channel for guiding the discharge through the isolation member into the collection cavity.
  • the exhaust passage is positioned opposite the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the fire fighting cavity is configured to be breached by the discharge as the discharge passes through the discharge passage to discharge the fire fighting medium.
  • the discharge passage is configured as a groove, an opening of the groove is disposed toward the pressure relief mechanism, and the discharge enters the discharge passage through the opening.
  • the groove has a bottom wall and a side wall connected to the bottom wall, the bottom wall is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, and the side wall is extended toward the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the bottom wall is configured as at least a portion of the isolation member and the side wall is configured as at least a portion of the cavity wall of the fire protection cavity.
  • the fire fighting chamber is configured to be breached by the discharge upon actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to vent the fire fighting medium.
  • the fire protection chamber is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the fire protection cavity includes a receiving recess disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, and the receiving recess is formed by the fire protection cavity being recessed toward the cavity wall of the pressure relief mechanism, so as to release the pressure during the pressure relief. Actuation of the mechanism causes the fire fighting medium to flow towards the receiving recess.
  • the battery further includes a thermal management component for regulating the temperature of the battery cells, and the thermal management component is configured to communicate with the fire compartment to deliver all the temperature to the fire compartment. fire-fighting medium.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a battery, comprising:
  • a battery cell including a pressure relief mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold;
  • a fire fighting chamber is provided for containing a fire fighting medium, and the fire fighting chamber is configured to discharge the fire fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to allow the fire fighting medium to enter the battery cells internal;
  • the isolation member is configured to be penetrated by the exhaust when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the exhaust enters the collection chamber via the fire protection chamber.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a device for preparing a battery, comprising:
  • a first apparatus for providing a battery cell including a pressure relief mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold pressure;
  • a second device for providing a fire fighting chamber for containing a fire fighting medium, and the fire fighting chamber is configured to discharge the fire fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to allow the fire fighting medium into the interior of the battery cell;
  • a third device for providing a collection chamber for collecting emissions from the battery cells when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and the collection chamber is located in the fire chamber away from the battery one side of the monomer;
  • a fourth device for providing an isolation part for isolating the fire fighting chamber and the collection chamber
  • the isolation member provided by the fourth device is configured to be passed through by the exhaust when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the exhaust enters the collection chamber via the fire protection chamber.
  • the battery provided by the present application is provided with adjacent fire-fighting chambers and collection chambers in the cover body, and the collection chamber can release the pressure of the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting chamber, so as to prevent the bulging or even explosion of the fire-fighting chamber caused by the continuous thermal runaway of the battery cell.
  • the battery in the embodiment of the present application can not only control the thermal runaway condition of the battery cell in time to prevent it from further generating heat and high-temperature emissions, but also decompress the heat and emissions already generated by the battery cell, Prevent the heat and emissions in the box from continuously accumulating and exploding, causing further safety incidents.
  • FIG. 1-A is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 1-B is a schematic structural diagram of a battery in the related art.
  • 1-C is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in the related art.
  • 1-D is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell in the related art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the cover body.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a cover body and a battery cell in an assembled state.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of part A in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram when a plurality of accommodating recesses are provided and are not communicated with each other, and a reinforcing plate is not provided.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the section B-B in FIG. 6 , in order to clearly show the accommodating recess, the collecting cavity and the isolation member are not shown in the figure.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged view of part C in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram when a plurality of accommodating recesses are provided and connected to each other, and a reinforcing plate is provided.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the D-D section in Fig. 9, in order to clearly show the accommodating recess, the collecting cavity and the isolation member are not shown in the figure.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of part E in FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an isolation member in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an isolation member in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an isolation member in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an isolation member in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a device for preparing a battery in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 300 battery module; 201, first case; 202, second case; 30, electrode assembly; 301, tab; 10, end cap assembly; 10', end cap; 20, connecting member; 40, note liquid components;
  • 401 a first device; 402, a second device; 403, a third device; 404, a fourth device.
  • connection can refer to a physical connection
  • the physical connection can be a fixed connection, such as a fixed connection through a fixed piece, such as a fixed connection with screws, bolts or other fixed pieces; a physical connection can also be a detachable connection, such as mutual clamping
  • the physical connection can also be an integral connection, for example, welding, bonding or integrally forming a connection for connection.
  • connection or connection of a circuit structure may refer not only to physical connection, but also to electrical connection or signal connection.
  • the circuit may be directly connected, that is, physically connected, or indirectly connected through at least one intermediate element.
  • the circuit can also be the internal connection of the two components; the signal connection can also refer to the signal connection through a media medium, such as radio waves, in addition to the signal connection through the circuit.
  • the coordinate system in FIG. 1-D defines various orientation directions of the battery 200
  • the X direction represents the length of the battery cell 3
  • the Y direction is perpendicular to the X direction in the horizontal plane, indicating the width direction of the battery cell 3
  • the Z direction is perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction, indicating the height direction of the battery 200 .
  • a rechargeable battery may be called a secondary battery or a power battery.
  • a widely used rechargeable battery is a lithium battery, such as a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the rechargeable batteries may be collectively referred to as batteries 200 herein.
  • the safety feature of the battery 200 is an important feature to measure the battery 200 , and it is necessary to ensure the safety of the battery 200 as much as possible during use or charging.
  • the battery 200 is generally formed by connecting and combining a plurality of battery cells 3.
  • the battery cell 3 is subject to external short circuit, overcharge, needle stick, plate impact, etc.
  • the battery cell 3 is prone to thermal runaway, and the battery cell 3 is prone to thermal runaway.
  • Emissions will be generated inside, which contain high-temperature flue gas (in severe cases, open fire) and volatile high-temperature electrolyte and other substances. These emissions will thermally diffuse during the discharge process, resulting in other battery cells. 3 Thermal runaway can even lead to accidents such as explosions.
  • an effective solution is to set up a fire protection system.
  • the fire protection system conducts fire protection to prevent or delay the explosion or fire of the battery cells 3 .
  • the fire protection system is generally arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 33 of the battery cell 3.
  • the fire protection system can be arranged in the cover body 2 on the top of the box 1 containing the battery 200.
  • the cover body 2 is provided with a fire protection medium containing fire protection medium.
  • the fire-fighting medium flows out and enters the battery cell 3 , and the discharge of the battery cell 3 can also enter the fire-fighting cavity 25 .
  • the cover body 2 is prone to bulge or even explode. This problem is mainly due to the fact that the cover body 2 is generally Made of non-metal or metal sheet, the strength is small, and the volume of the fire chamber 25 is small. During the process of fire fighting, the emissions and temperature in the box are still increasing, and sometimes the amount of emissions generated by thermal runaway The rapid rise will cause the volume of the fire-fighting chamber 25 to be difficult to meet the requirements for containing the discharge.
  • fire extinguishing agents are used in the related art to fire the battery cells 3 that have thermal runaway, the fire-fighting chamber 25 cannot discharge the emissions that have been generated during the thermal runaway process.
  • the amount of emissions reaches a certain level, the In light cases, the box will be deformed, and in heavy cases, explosions will occur, resulting in serious safety accidents.
  • the present application provides a battery.
  • an adjacent collection cavity 24 is added to collect the discharge in the fire protection cavity 25 to achieve a pressure relief effect. Therefore, the battery 200 provided by the present application can not only control the thermal runaway of the battery cells 3 in time to prevent them from further generating heat and high-temperature emissions, but also discharge the heat and emissions already generated by the battery cells 3 . pressure to prevent the heat and emissions in the box from continuously accumulating and exploding, causing further safety incidents.
  • the battery 200 in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to various electrical devices that can provide a power source with electrical energy.
  • the electrical devices here can be, but are not limited to, electric vehicles, electric trains, electric bicycles, golf carts, ships, and the like.
  • the electric device may be a device powered only by the battery 200, or may be a hybrid device.
  • the battery 200 provides electrical energy for the electric device, and drives the electric device to travel through the motor.
  • the electrical device can be a car
  • the car can be a fuel car, a gas car or a new energy car
  • the new energy car can be It is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the car includes a battery 200 , a controller 210 and a motor 220 .
  • the battery 200 is used for supplying power to the controller 210 and the motor 220 as the operating power and driving power of the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 is used for starting, navigating and running the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 supplies power to the controller 210, the controller 210 controls the battery 200 to supply power to the motor 220, and the motor 220 receives and uses the power of the battery 200 as a driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 may include a plurality of battery modules 300 that are electrically connected to each other.
  • the battery 200 includes a first case 201 and a second case 202 and a plurality of battery modules 300 , wherein the first box body 201 and the second box body 202 are engaged with each other, and the plurality of battery modules 300 are arranged in the space enclosed by the first box body 201 and the second box body 202 .
  • the first case 201 and the second case 202 are hermetically connected.
  • the battery module 300 includes a plurality of battery cells 3, and the plurality of battery cells 3 can be electrically connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed manner to achieve a larger current or voltage, wherein the Hybrid refers to a combination of series and parallel.
  • the Hybrid refers to a combination of series and parallel.
  • the battery cells 3 can be placed upright, the height direction of the battery cells 3 is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of battery cells 3 are arranged side by side along the width direction; or, the battery cells 3 can be When laying flat, the width direction of the battery cells 3 is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of battery cells 3 can be stacked in at least one layer along the width direction, and each layer includes a plurality of battery cells 3 arranged along the length direction.
  • the battery cell 3 includes a casing 31, an electrode assembly 30, and an end cap assembly 10.
  • the end cap assembly 10 includes an end cap plate 10', and the end cap plate 10' is connected to the casing 31 (eg, welding) to form the outer shell of the battery cell 3, the electrode assembly 30 is arranged in the casing 31, and the casing 31 is filled with electrolyte.
  • the battery cells 3 may be in the shape of a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder.
  • the electrode assembly 30 can be provided in single or multiple. As shown in FIGS. 1-D , at least two independently wound electrode assemblies 30 may also be provided in the battery 200 .
  • the electrode assembly 30 may be formed by winding or stacking the first pole piece, the second pole piece, and the isolation film between the adjacent first pole pieces and the second pole piece, wherein the isolation film is between the first pole pieces and the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is exemplified as a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a negative pole piece for description.
  • the positive active material is coated on the coated area of the positive electrode sheet, and the negative active material is coated on the coated area of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 30 includes two tabs 301 , a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the positive tabs extend from the coated area of the positive pole piece, and the negative pole tabs extend from the coated area of the negative pole piece.
  • the end cap assembly 10 is provided on the top of the electrode assembly 30. As shown in FIG. 1-D, the end cap assembly 10 includes an end cap plate 10' and two electrode terminals 32, and the two electrode terminals 32 are respectively a positive terminal and a negative terminal. Each electrode terminal 32 is provided with a corresponding connecting member 20 , and the connecting member 20 is located between the end cap plate 10 ′ and the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the tab 301 of the electrode assembly 30 in FIG. 1-D is at the top, the positive tab is connected to the positive terminal through one connecting member 20 , and the negative tab is connected to the negative terminal through another connecting member 20 .
  • the battery cell 3 may include two end cap assemblies 10 , which are respectively disposed at both ends of the casing 31 , and each end cap assembly 10 is provided with an electrode terminal 32 .
  • An explosion-proof member can also be provided on the end cover plate 10', when there is too much gas in the battery cell 3, the gas in the battery cell 3 is released in time to avoid explosion.
  • the end cover plate 10' is provided with an exhaust hole, and the exhaust hole can be arranged in the middle position of the end cover plate 10' along the length direction.
  • the explosion-proof component includes a pressure relief mechanism 33.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 33 is arranged on the exhaust hole. Under normal conditions, the pressure relief mechanism 33 is sealed and installed in the exhaust hole. When the battery cell 3 expands, the air pressure in the outer casing rises to When the preset value is exceeded, the pressure relief mechanism 33 is opened, and the gas is released outward through the pressure relief mechanism 33 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 33 refers to an element or component that can be actuated to release the inner pressure and/or the inner substance when the inner pressure or inner temperature of the battery cell 3 reaches a predetermined threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 33 can specifically take the form of an explosion-proof valve, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 3 When the predetermined threshold is reached, the pressure relief mechanism 33 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 33 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or a channel for releasing the internal pressure.
  • the threshold referred to in this application can be a pressure threshold or a temperature threshold, and the design of the threshold varies according to different design requirements, for example, it can be based on the internal pressure or internal temperature of the battery cell 3 that is considered to be dangerous or at risk of runaway design or determine the threshold. And, the threshold value may depend on, for example, the materials used for one or more of the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell 3 .
  • the “actuation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure of the battery cell 3 can be released.
  • the action produced by the pressure relief mechanism 33 may include, but is not limited to, at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 33 is ruptured, broken, torn or opened, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cells 3 will be discharged from the actuated part as a discharge. In this way, the battery cells 3 can be depressurized under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding a potentially more serious accident.
  • the emissions from the battery cells 3 mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode sheets, fragments of separators, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, etc. .
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure discharge is discharged toward the direction in which the pressure relief mechanism 33 of the battery cell 3 is provided, and may be discharged more specifically in the direction of the area where the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, and the power and destructive power of such discharge may be very high. large, and may even be enough to break through one or more structures in that direction.
  • the end cap plate 10' is provided with through holes for injecting electrolyte into the battery cells 3, and the through holes can be circular holes, elliptical holes, polygonal holes or other shape of the hole, and can extend along the height direction of the end cap plate 10'.
  • the end cover plate 10' is provided with a liquid injection member 40 for closing the through hole.
  • the specific structure of the battery 200 provided by the present application is as follows.
  • the battery 200 includes: a case 1 , a cover 2 and at least one battery module 300 .
  • the case 1 has a hollow structure and has an opening.
  • the case 1 and the cover 2 are combined with each other at the opening to form a case.
  • the case has an accommodating cavity for accommodating at least one battery module 300 .
  • the case 1 and the cover 2 can be connected by welding, bolting, screwing, bonding, etc. to form a case for accommodating one or more battery modules 300, and the opening above the case 1 is used for installation Or pick and place the battery module 300 during the replacement process.
  • the casing 1 and the cover 2 can be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or other metal materials.
  • the cover body 2 is sealingly connected with the case 1 to close the opening on the case 1 , thereby encapsulating the battery module 300 in the case.
  • the battery module 300 may include one or more battery cells 3 , and when the battery module 300 includes a plurality of battery cells 3 , the plurality of battery cells 3 may be arranged according to a predetermined rule, for example, a plurality of battery cells 3
  • the bodies 3 are arranged in a line in a straight line.
  • the cover body 2 in the embodiment of the present application includes an upper layer board 21 , a lower layer board 23 and an isolation member 22 .
  • the cover body 2 is close to the panel of the casing 1, for example, the upper layer plate 21 and the lower layer plate 23 are substantially parallel, the upper layer plate 21 and the lower layer plate 23 form a cavity through their peripheral side plates 212, and the partition member 22 is used to divide the cavity into The collecting cavity 24 and the fire fighting cavity 25, wherein the isolation member 22 can be in the shape of a plate, the collecting cavity 24 and the fire fighting cavity 25 are distributed along the direction perpendicular to the lower board 23, and along the direction perpendicular to the lower board 23, the fire fighting cavity 25 is located in the collecting cavity 24 and the fire fighting cavity 25. Below the cavity 24 , the fire-fighting cavity 25 is close to the battery cell 3 , and the collection cavity 24 is far away from the battery cell 3 .
  • the edge of the upper board 21 extends to the side of the casing 1 to form a side board 212, and the side board 212 is combined with the lower board 23 to form a cavity.
  • a fire-fighting cavity 25 is formed between 23
  • a collection cavity 24 is formed between the isolation part 22 and the upper plate 21, and the isolation part 22 is the cavity wall shared by the fire-fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24, and is used to isolate the fire-fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24, wherein
  • the isolation member 22 isolates the fire-fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24 to separate the two cavities, and does not limit whether the fire-fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24 communicate with each other.
  • the holes communicate with each other, and the fire-fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24 may not communicate with each other.
  • the isolation member 22 does not have a through hole.
  • the edge of the isolation part 22 and the lower layer board 23 can be connected to the side board 212 by gluing or welding.
  • the interior of the fire-fighting chamber 25 contains fire-fighting medium.
  • the fire-fighting medium can be liquid fire extinguishing agent, such as water, liquid nitrogen, etc., or solid powder fire extinguishing agent, such as dry powder fire extinguishing agent, fluoroprotein foam fire extinguishing agent, aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent, etc.
  • the thermally runaway battery cells 3 use liquid water with rapid cooling, lower cost and lower storage requirements as a fire-fighting medium.
  • the lower plate 23 is in a closed state between the battery 200 and the side plate 212 of the upper plate 21 in a normal state to store water.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 33 on the battery cell 3 is arranged opposite to the fire fighting chamber 25 .
  • the fire-fighting medium is a liquid fire extinguishing agent
  • the electrode terminals 32 and the pressure relief mechanism 33 of the battery cell 3 in the embodiment of the present application are located on different sides of the battery cell 3 respectively.
  • the pressure mechanism 33 is respectively located on two mutually perpendicular surfaces of the battery cell 3.
  • the surface of the battery cell 3 with the pressure relief mechanism 33 can be referred to as the upper surface of the battery cell 3, and the battery cell 3 is provided with electrode terminals.
  • the surface of 32 can be called the side of the battery cell 3, the upper surface and the side are perpendicular to each other, and the confluence components connected to the battery cell 3 are also located on the side of the battery cell 3, which ensures that the fire fighting medium will not be sprayed to a certain extent.
  • the lower plate 23 in order to extinguish and reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cells 3 as soon as possible when the pressure relief mechanism 33 sprays the discharge, the lower plate 23 as a whole, or at least the lower plate 23 is directly opposite the pressure relief mechanism 33 .
  • the structure is arranged to be easily damaged by the discharge, and the form of "damage” here includes, but is not limited to, one of penetration, cracking, breaking, and being torn.
  • the position facing the lower plate 23 and the pressure relief mechanism 33 is configured as a weak structure or a low melting point structure that is easily melted through by the high temperature and high pressure discharges generated inside the battery cells 3, so that the high temperature and high pressure discharges When discharged from the actuated pressure relief mechanism 33, the discharge quickly melts through the lower board 23, and the wall of the fire chamber 25 opposite the pressure relief mechanism 33 is destroyed to discharge the fire medium in the fire chamber 25, and the fire medium
  • the pressure relief mechanism 33 enters the interior of the battery cells 3 , so that the battery cells 3 that are thermally out of control are extinguished and cooled.
  • the position where the lower plate 23 is directly opposite the pressure relief mechanism 33 is constructed as a weak structure, and the strength of the opposite position may be smaller than that of the rest of the lower plate 23 , for example, the thickness of the opposite position is smaller than that of the rest of the lower plate 23 thickness; alternatively, the opposite position is a through hole.
  • the position opposite the lower layer plate 23 and the pressure relief mechanism 33 is configured to have a low melting point structure, and the melting point of the opposite position may be lower than the melting point of the rest of the lower layer plate 23 .
  • the lower layer board 23 and the pressure relief mechanism 33 can also be constructed into a sheet-like structure connected with the rest of the lower layer board 23 by easy tearing lines, so as to facilitate the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the discharged material 33 breaks through to release the fire fighting medium, and the fire fighting medium enters the interior of the battery cell 3 through the pressure relief mechanism 33 , so as to perform fire extinguishing and cooling treatment on the thermally runaway battery cell 3 .
  • the "easy-tear line” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to an intermittent scribe line formed by intermittently destroying the part that needs to be torn and the part that does not need to be torn by external force, and the position of the damaged material is light and thin. However, if it does not penetrate, it can be ruptured under a slight external force, and the part of the material that is not damaged retains the thickness of the original material, so the connection formed by intermittent damage is called an easy tearing line.
  • the easy tear line can be formed by laser punching machine, laser marking machine, laser scribing machine or laser cutting machine.
  • the lower plate 23 is provided with a accommodating recess 231, the accommodating recess 231 is formed by the lower plate 23 concave toward the battery cell 3 side, the surface of the lower plate 23 away from the battery cell 3 is recessed to form an accommodating recess 231, and the opening of the accommodating recess 231 faces the isolation
  • the thickness of the accommodating recesses 231 is smaller than that of other parts of the lower plate 23, so that the accommodating recesses 231 are easily damaged by the discharge of the battery cells 3, one or more accommodating recesses 231 are provided, and each accommodating recess 231 is connected to At least one pressure relief mechanism 33 is disposed opposite to each other.
  • the structure of the above-mentioned fire-fighting chamber 25 makes the distance between the accommodating recess 231 and the pressure relief mechanism 33 relatively close, and the thickness is relatively thin, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, the discharges generated by the battery cells 3 can be quickly discharged. Melt-through failure to release fire-fighting medium for fire-extinguishing and cooling, preventing the occurrence of heat diffusion.
  • the accommodating concave portion 231 can also act as a flow guide for guiding the fire-fighting medium in the fire fighting chamber 25 to flow into the accommodating concave portion 231, and continue to flow toward the damaged portion of the accommodating concave portion 231, Enter the battery cell 3 as soon as possible to achieve the effect of quickly suppressing thermal runaway.
  • two adjacent accommodating recesses 231 may be independent and separated from each other, and the fire-fighting medium in each accommodating recess 231 is located inside the accommodating recess 231 circulation, so that a certain amount of fire-fighting medium can be kept in each accommodating recess 231 .
  • two adjacent accommodating recesses 231 may communicate with each other.
  • the opening direction of the diversion groove is the same as the opening direction of the accommodating recesses 231 , so that the fire-fighting media in different accommodating recesses 231 can communicate with each other.
  • the fire-fighting medium inside can all flow to the pressure relief mechanism 33 to ensure sufficient supply of fire-fighting medium.
  • the thermally runaway battery cells 3 generate heat and emissions and are discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 33 , and the heat and emissions are flooded in the fire fighting cavity 25 .
  • the collection cavity 24 is set in the fire-fighting cavity 25 away from the battery cells 3 .
  • One side, and the isolation member 22 is configured to be a structure that can be passed through by the discharge when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, so that the discharge enters the collection chamber 24 through the fire-fighting chamber 25 and relieves the high air pressure in the fire-fighting chamber 25. , to avoid serious safety accidents.
  • the isolation member 22 is configured to be destroyed by the discharge when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, so that the discharge enters the collection chamber 24 through the fire-fighting chamber 25 .
  • breaking here includes, but is not limited to, one of penetrating, breaking, breaking, and being torn.
  • the isolation member 22 includes at least one weak portion 221 , and the weak portion 221 is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 33 .
  • the weak portion 221 is easily melted or broken by the high-temperature and high-pressure discharge generated inside the battery cell 3 .
  • the weak structure or low melting point structure for example, the weak part 221 is a part of the isolation part 22, and the strength of the weak part 221 is lower than other parts of the isolation part 22, for example, the thickness of the weak part 221 is smaller than other parts of the isolation part 22; or
  • the weak part 221 and the rest of the isolation member 22 are connected by easy tearing lines, so that after the high temperature and high pressure discharge destroys the lower layer board 23, the discharge quickly passes the weak part 221 through the weak part 221 while the fire fighting medium is discharged from the fire chamber 25. It is destroyed by melting through or high-pressure breaking, and enters the collection cavity 24.
  • the collection cavity 24 can release the pressure of the discharge in the fire protection cavity 25, so as to prevent the battery 200 from bulging and exploding, and improve the use safety of the battery 200. .
  • the battery 200 disclosed in another embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the battery in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the difference lies in that the structure of the isolation member 22 is different.
  • the isolation member 22 in the present embodiment is provided with a through hole 222, which communicates with the fire fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24, so as to allow the discharge to pass through the through hole 222 after destroying the cavity wall of the fire fighting cavity 25.
  • the isolation member 22 enters the collection chamber 24 .
  • the through hole 222 is disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 33 , so that the discharge can quickly and directly enter the collection chamber 24 through the fire fighting chamber 25 , thereby reducing the pressure of the fire fighting chamber 25 .
  • FIG. 14 another embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the other embodiments, the difference is that a discharge channel 26 is further provided between the isolation member 22 and the lower plate 23, and the discharge channel 26 is used to quickly guide the discharge into the In the collection chamber 24 , the discharge passages 26 are disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanisms 33 , and each discharge passage 26 corresponds to one or more pressure relief mechanisms 33 , for example, one discharge passage 26 corresponds to the pressure relief mechanism 33 on one battery cell 3 or Pressure relief mechanisms 33 on a plurality of battery cells 3 .
  • the discharge passage 26 in this embodiment is configured as a groove, and the opening of the groove is disposed toward the pressure relief mechanism 33 .
  • the specific structure of the groove is as follows: the groove has a bottom wall 261 and a side wall 262 connected to the bottom wall 261 , the bottom wall 261 is configured as at least a part of the isolation part 22 , and the side wall 262 is configured as at least part of the cavity of the fire fighting cavity 25
  • the bottom wall 261 is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 33, and the bottom wall 261 here is constructed with the same structure as the weak part 221 in the previous embodiment; the side wall 262 faces the pressure relief
  • the mechanism 33 is extended, and in this embodiment, the side wall 262 and the bottom wall 261 are directly connected, and the end of the side wall 262 away from the bottom wall 261 abuts on the lower board 23 .
  • the fire fighting chamber 25 is destroyed by the discharge when the discharge passes through the discharge channel 26 and discharges the fire fighting medium.
  • the discharge enters the discharge channel 26 through the opening of the discharge channel 26, and destroys the bottom wall 261 of the groove.
  • the discharge channel 26 is used to guide the discharge through the partition member 22 into the collection cavity 24, so as to collect the discharge. .
  • another embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the above-mentioned embodiment, except that the discharge channel 26 in this embodiment is configured to be connected only to the side of the lower plate 23 away from the battery cells 3 .
  • the wall 262, the side wall 262 extends in the direction away from the battery cell 3; the isolation member 22 adopts the same structure with the through hole 222 as in the previous embodiment, and the side wall 262 abuts against the edge of the through hole 222 or is inserted into the through hole 222 , to seal the fire chamber 25 .
  • the fire fighting chamber 25 is destroyed by the discharge when the discharge passes through the discharge channel 26 and discharges the fire fighting medium. At the same time, the discharge enters the discharge channel 26 through the area enclosed by the side wall 262, and enters the collection cavity 24 through the through hole 222 on the isolation member 22, so as to collect the discharge.
  • the collection chamber 24 may also be saturated with air pressure. Therefore, pressure such as an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve can be set on the cover body 2
  • the actuated valve 27 is used to discharge to the outside of the battery 200 the exhaust collected by the collection chamber 24 when the battery cells 3 are thermally out of control, so as to improve the use safety of the battery 200 .
  • the upper layer plate 21 is provided with a reinforcing plate 211 , and the reinforcing plate 211 may be configured to be connected with the upper layer plate.
  • the reinforcing plate 211 is an integrated and thickened structure; it can also be constructed as a reinforcing structure welded, adhered or screwed on the upper plate 21;
  • the reinforcing plate 211 can be a metal plate, or a mica plate, rock wool plate, floating bead plate , vermiculite board and other light-weight refractory boards;
  • the reinforcing plate 211 can be arranged inside the cover body 2 or outside the cover body 2; the reinforcing plate 211 can cover the upper layer plate 21 as a whole, or can only be arranged on the upper layer plate 21 relative to the upper layer plate 21.
  • the position of the receiving recess 231 on the lower board 23 is an integrated and thickened structure; it can also be constructed as a reinforcing structure welded, adhered or screwed on the upper plate 21;
  • the reinforcing plate 211 can be a metal plate, or a mica plate, rock wool plate, floating bead plate , vermiculite board and other
  • the figure only shows the schematic diagram when the reinforcing plate 211 is disposed at the position of the upper plate 21 relative to the receiving recess 231 on the lower plate 23 and is disposed outside the cover body 2, and the rest of the arrangement of the reinforcing plate 211 is not shown in the figure. , but those skilled in the art can reasonably infer from this, and are not shown in the accompanying drawings.
  • the upper layer plate 21 of the cover body 2 is reinforced, it is not easy to be sprayed through by the discharge, which ensures the safety of the battery 200 in use.
  • the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting cavity 25 may be pre-installed in the fire-fighting cavity 25 .
  • the battery 200 further includes a thermal management component (not shown) for adjusting the temperature of the battery cells 3, and the thermal management component is configured to communicate with the fire-fighting cavity 25 so as to communicate with the fire-fighting cavity 25 Conveying fire-fighting media.
  • the fire-fighting medium can not only control the temperature of the battery cell 3 through the thermal management component, but also can deliver the fire-fighting medium to the fire-fighting cavity 25 when the battery cell 3 is thermally out of control, so as to ensure sufficient supply of the fire-fighting medium. Effect.
  • the thermal management component is generally disposed at the bottom of the battery cell 3 to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 3 .
  • the thermal management component is used to cool down the battery cell 3 or raise the temperature to a preset temperature.
  • the thermal management component is used for containing a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 3.
  • the thermal management component may also be referred to as a cooling component, a cooling system or a cooling system. Plates, etc., the fluid contained in it can also be called cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, it can be called cooling liquid or cooling gas, and the fluid contained in it can also be directly fire fighting medium, and the fluid here can be set to circulate and flow.
  • the thermal management component may also be used for heating to raise the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 3 , which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management component includes a connection pipe, which extends through the case body to the outside of the case 1, and is connected to a liquid storage container (not shown in the figure) disposed outside the battery 200, and the liquid storage container is filled with a fire-fighting medium, Wherein, the thermal management component and the liquid storage container form a circulation loop through a connecting pipe.
  • the thermal management component is configured to communicate with the fire fighting chamber 25, for example, the thermal management component communicates with the fire fighting chamber 25 through a pipe, or the thermal management component, the fire fighting chamber 25 and the connecting pipe communicate through a tee.
  • the fire-fighting medium with a lower temperature circulates between the liquid storage container and the thermal management component through the connecting pipe, so as to reduce the temperature of the battery cells 3 .
  • the liquid storage container can also contain a fire-fighting medium with a higher temperature.
  • the temperature of the battery cells 3 can be adjusted by increasing the temperature of the body 3 to ensure that the battery cells 3 work at a predetermined temperature, so as to ensure the performance of the battery 200 .
  • adjacent fire-fighting chambers 25 and collection chambers 24 are arranged in the cover body 2 , and the collection chamber 24 can release the pressure of the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting chamber 25 to prevent the battery cells 3.
  • the bulge of the fire fighting cavity 25 even explodes during thermal runaway, so that the battery 200 in the embodiment of the present application can not only control the thermal runaway of the battery cell 3 in time to prevent it from further generating heat and high-temperature emissions, but also The heat and emissions generated by the battery cells 3 are depressurized to prevent the heat and emissions in the box from continuing to accumulate and explode, causing further safety accidents.
  • the electric device using the battery 200 provided in the present application to provide electric energy is less likely to cause a safety accident caused by the battery explosion, and the use safety is high.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing a battery, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned battery 200 in the present application.
  • the preparation method of the battery 200 includes:
  • Step a Provide battery cells 3, the number of battery cells 3 can be one or more, the battery cells 3 include a pressure relief mechanism 6, and the pressure relief mechanism 6 is used for when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells 3 reaches a threshold value Activate to relieve internal pressure.
  • Step b providing a fire fighting chamber 25 for containing a fire fighting medium, in some embodiments, the fire fighting chamber 25 is configured to discharge the fire fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated to allow the fire fighting medium to enter the battery cells 3 inside.
  • Step c Provide a collection cavity 24 for collecting the discharge from the battery cells 3 when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, and the collection cavity 24 is located on the side of the fire protection cavity 25 away from the battery cells 3 .
  • Step d providing an isolation part 22, the isolation part 22 is used to isolate the fire fighting cavity 25 and the collection cavity 24;
  • the isolation member 22 is configured to be passed through by the exhaust when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, so that the exhaust enters the collection chamber 24 via the fire-fighting chamber 25 .
  • the order of the above steps is not completely carried out in the above-mentioned order.
  • the order of the above steps may be adjusted according to the actual situation, or performed simultaneously, or other steps may be added to manufacture other components of the battery 200.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a battery preparation device.
  • the battery preparation device includes:
  • the first device 401 is used to provide a battery cell 3, the battery cell 3 includes a pressure relief mechanism 33, and the pressure relief mechanism 33 is used to actuate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 3 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure;
  • the third device 403 is used to provide the collection chamber 24 for collecting the discharge from the battery cells 3 when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, and the collection chamber 24 is located at a part of the fire protection chamber 25 away from the battery cells 3 . side;
  • the fourth device 404 is used to provide the isolation part 22, and the isolation part 22 is used to isolate the fire fighting chamber 25 and the collection chamber 24;
  • the isolation member 22 provided by the fourth device 404 is configured to be passed through by the discharge when the pressure relief mechanism 33 is actuated, so that the discharge enters the collection chamber 24 via the fire-fighting chamber 25 .

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Abstract

本申请涉及电池技术的领域，尤其是涉及一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备。旨在解决电池热失控时由于排放物难以泄压而容易引发事故的问题。一种电池，包括：电池单体，电池单体包括泄压机构，泄压机构用于在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力；还包括消防腔、收集腔、隔离部件，隔离部件用于隔离消防腔和收集腔，并能够在泄压机构致动时被排放物穿过，以使排放物经由消防腔进入收集腔。还公开了一种使用上述电池的用电装置。本申请实施例中的电池具有在灭火的同时对热失控的电池单体产生的排放物进行收集，减少安全事故的发生的有益效果。

Description

电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其是涉及一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备。
背景技术
在采用电能作为驱动能源的装置中，电池作为其核心部件，保证电池的使用安全性对于确保装置整体的使用安全来说至关重要，而电池的热失控是威胁电池使用安全的一个重要因素。
在目前的电池中，当一个电池单体发生热失控时，该电池单体内部会产生排放物，该排放物包含高温烟气(严重者产生明火)和挥发的高温电解液等物质，这些排放物在排放的过程中会发生热扩散，从而导致其他电池单体发生热失控，甚至还会引发***等事故。
发明内容
为了对热失控的电池单体进行及时控制，减少安全事故的发生，本申请提供一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备。
本申请的第一方面提供一种电池，包括：
电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
消防腔，用于容纳消防介质，且所述消防腔被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时泄放所述消防介质，以使所述消防介质进入所述电池单体的内部；
收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述电池单体的排放 物，且所述收集腔位于所述消防腔远离所述电池单体的一侧；
隔离部件，用于隔离所述消防腔和所述收集腔；
其中，所述隔离部件被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时被所述排放物穿过，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔进入所述收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述隔离部件被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时被所述排放物破坏，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔进入所述收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述隔离部件设置有薄弱部，所述薄弱部被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时被所述排放物破坏。
在一些实施例中，所述薄弱部与所述泄压机构相对设置。
在一些实施例中，所述隔离部件设置有通孔，所述通孔被构造为允许所述排放物穿过所述隔离部件。
在一些实施例中，所述通孔与所述泄压机构相对设置。
在一些实施例中，所述隔离部件被构造为所述消防腔和所述收集腔共用的腔壁。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括：
箱壳，用于容纳所述电池单体；
盖体，用于与所述箱壳连接以封装所述电池单体；
其中，所述消防腔、所述收集腔和所述隔离部件被构造为所述盖体的至少部分。
在一些实施例中，所述盖体设置有排放通道，所述排放通道用于引导所述排放物穿过所述隔离部件进入所述收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述排放通道与所述泄压机构相对设置。
在一些实施例中，所述消防腔被构造为在所述排放物通过所述排放通道时被所述排放物破坏，以泄放所述消防介质。
在一些实施例中，所述排放通道被构造为凹槽，所述凹槽的开口朝向所述泄压机构设置，所述排放物经由所述开口进入所述排放通道。
在一些实施例中，所述凹槽具有底壁和连接于所述底壁的侧壁，所述底壁与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述侧壁朝向所述泄压机构延伸设置。
在一些实施例中，所述底壁被构造为所述隔离部件的至少部分，所述侧壁被构造为所述消防腔的至少部分腔壁。
在一些实施例中，所述消防腔被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时被所述排放物破坏，以泄放所述消防介质。
在一些实施例中，所述消防腔与所述泄压机构相对设置。
在一些实施例中，所述消防腔包括与所述泄压机构相对设置的容纳凹部，所述容纳凹部由所述消防腔朝向所述泄压机构的腔壁凹陷形成，以在所述泄压机构致动时使所述消防介质朝向所述容纳凹部流动。
在一些实施例中，所述容纳凹部设置为至少两个，相邻两个所述容纳凹部之间相互连通。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括热管理部件，用于调节所述电池单体的温度，且所述热管理部件被构造为与所述消防腔连通，以向所述消防腔输送所述消防介质。
本申请的第二方面提供一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
本申请的第三方面提供一种电池的制备方法，包括：
提供电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
提供消防腔，所述消防腔用于容纳消防介质，且所述消防腔被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时泄放所述消防介质，以使所述消防介质进入所述电池单体的内部；
提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述电池单体的排放物，且所述收集腔位于所述消防腔远离所述电池单体的一侧；
提供隔离部件，所述隔离部件用于隔离所述消防腔和所述收集腔；
其中，所述隔离部件被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时被所述排放物穿过，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔进入所述收集腔。
本申请的第四方面提供一种电池的制备设备，包括：
第一设备，用于提供电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
第二设备，用于提供消防腔，所述消防腔用于容纳消防介质，且所述消防腔被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时泄放所述消防介质，以使所述消防介质进入所述电池单体的内部；
第三设备，用于提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述电池单体的排放物，且所述收集腔位于所述消防腔远离所述电池单体的一侧；
第四设备，用于提供隔离部件，所述隔离部件用于隔离所述消防腔和所述收集腔；
其中，第四设备提供的所述隔离部件被构造为在所述泄压机构致动时被所述排放物穿过，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔进入所述收集腔。
本申请提供的电池在盖体里设置相邻的消防腔和收集腔，收集腔能够对消防腔内的消防介质进行泄压，以阻止电池单体持续热失控导致的消防腔的鼓包甚至***，使得本申请实施例中的电池，不仅能够及时对电池单体的热失控情况进行控制，防止其进一步产生热量和高温排放物，还能对电池单体已经产生的热量和排放物进行泄压，防止箱体中的热量和排放物持续累积而***，引发进一步的安全事故。
附图说明
图1-A是本申请一实施例中的一种用电装置的结构示意图。
图1-B相关技术中电池的结构示意图。
图1-C相关技术中电池模块的结构示意图。
图1-D是相关技术中电池单体的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的***结构示意图。
图3是盖体的***结构示意图。
图4是盖体和电池单体在装配状态下的剖视结构示意图。
图5是图4中A部分的局部放大图。
图6是容纳凹部设有多个且彼此不连通，并且未设置加强板时的结构示意图。
图7是图6中B-B剖面的剖视图，为清楚地显示容纳凹部，图中未示出收集腔和隔离部件。
图8是图7中C部分的局部放大图。
图9是容纳凹部设有多个且彼此连，并且设置有加强板时的示意图。
图10是图9中D-D剖面的剖视图，为清楚地显示容纳凹部，图中未示出收集腔和隔离部件。
图11是图10中E部分的局部放大图。
图12是本申请一实施例中隔离部件的示意图。
图13是本申请另一实施例中隔离部件的示意图。
图14是本申请另一实施例中隔离部件的示意图。
图15是本申请另一实施例中隔离部件的示意图。
图16是本申请一实施例中的一种电池的制备方法的工艺流程图。
图17是本申请一实施例中的一种电池的制备设备的示意图。
附图标记说明：200、电池；210、控制器；220、马达；
300、电池模块；201、第一箱体；202、第二箱体；30、电极组件；301、极耳；10、端盖组件；10’、端盖板；20、连接构件；40、注液 构件；
1、箱壳；2、盖体；21、上层板；211、加强板；212、侧板；22、隔离部件；221、薄弱部；222、通孔；23、下层板；231、容纳凹部；24、收集腔；25、消防腔；26、排放通道；261、底壁；262、侧壁；27、阀门；3、电池单体；31、壳体；32、电极端子；33、泄压机构；
401、第一设备；402、第二设备；403、第三设备；404、第四设备。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，为本申请的较佳实施例，并非依此限制本申请的保护范围，故：凡依本申请的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化，均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语“实施例”并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B， 单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
此外，本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序，可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，机械结构的“相连”或“连接”可以是指物理上的连接，物理上的连接可以是固定连接，例如通过固定件固定连接，例如通过螺丝、螺栓或其它固定件固定连接；物理上的连接也可以是可拆卸连接，例如相互卡接或卡合连接；物理上的连接还可以是一体地连接，例如，焊接、粘接或一体成型形成连接进行连接。电路结构的“相连”或“连接”除了可以是指物理上的连接，还可以是指电连接或信号连接，例如，可以是直接相连，即物理连接，也可以通过中间至少一个元件间接相连，只要达到电路相通即可，还可以是两个元件内部的连通；信号连接除了可以通过电路进行信号连接外，也可以是指通过媒体介质进行信号连接，例如，无线电波。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
为了在以下实施例中清楚地描述各个方位，可以使用一些方位用词，例如，如图1-D中的坐标***对电池200的各个方位方向进行了定义，X方向表示电池单体3的长度方向，Y方向在水平面内与X方向垂直，表示电池单体3的宽度方向，Z方向垂直于X方向和Y方向，表示电池200的高度方向。此外，上述描述的X方向、Y方向以及Z方向等用于说明本实施例的电池200的各构件的操作和构造的指示方向的表述不是绝对的而是相对的，且尽管当电池200的各构件处于图中所示的位置时这些指示是恰当的，但是当 这些位置改变时，这些方向应有不同的解释，以对应所述改变。
基于相同的方位理解，在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
可充电电池可以称为二次电池或动力电池，目前，使用比较广泛的可充电电池为锂电池，例如，锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。为描述方便，本文中可以将可充电电池统称为电池200。
电池200的安全特性是衡量电池200的一个重要特性，在使用或充电时需要尽可能保证电池200的安全性。
电池200一般由多个电池单体3连接组合而成，当电池单体3发生外部短路、过充、针刺、平板冲击等等情况时，电池单体3容易发生热失控，该电池单体3内部会产生排放物，该排放物包含高温烟气(严重者产生明火)和挥发的高温电解液等物质，这些排放物在排放的过程中会发生热扩散，从而导致其他电池单体3发生热失控，甚至还会引发***等事故。
针对电池单体3的热失控，目前一种有效的方案是设置消防***，在电池单体3发生热失控时，消防***进行消防，以阻止或延缓电池单体3发生***或失火。
消防***一般与电池单体3的泄压机构33相对设置，例如，消防***可以设置在容纳电池200的箱体1顶部的盖体2内，例如，盖体2内设置有容纳消防介质的消防腔25，当电池单体3的排放物破坏消防腔25的腔壁时，消防介质流出并进入电池单体3内，而电池单体3的排放物也可以进入消防腔25。
但是，发明人经过长期的研究发现，当较多的排放物进入盖体2的消 防腔25内时，盖体2容易发生鼓包甚至***等安全问题，这一问题主要是由于盖体2一般是采用非金属或金属薄板制成，强度较小，且消防腔25容积较小，而在消防的过程中，箱体内的排放物和温度依然在持续增加，有时候热失控产生的排放物的量会急剧上升导致消防腔25的容积难以满足对排放物的容纳要求。
虽然相关技术中有采用灭火剂对发生热失控的电池单体3进行消防，但是，消防腔25对热失控过程中已经产生的排放物却无法进行排放，当排放物的量达到一定程度之后，轻则导致箱体变形，重则发生***，发生严重的安全事故。
有鉴于此，本申请提供一种电池，对于盖体2中的容纳消防介质的消防腔25，增加相邻的收集腔24，用于收集消防腔25内的排放物，达到泄压效果。因此，本申请提供的电池200，不仅能够及时对电池单体3的热失控情况进行控制，防止其进一步产生热量和高温排放物，还能对电池单体3已经产生的热量和排放物进行泄压，防止箱体中的热量和排放物持续累积而***，引发进一步的安全事故。
本申请实施例中的电池200可应用于各种能够以电能提供动力来源的用电装置。此处的用电装置可以但并非仅限于电动汽车、电动列车、电动自行车、高尔夫球车和轮船等。并且，用电装置可为仅使用电池200提供动力的装置，也可为混合动力型装置。电池200为用电装置提供电能，并通过电机带动电动装置行进。
例如，如图1-A所示，为本申请一实施例的一种用电装置的结构示意图，用电装置可以为汽车，汽车可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。汽车包括电池200、控制器210和马达220。电池200用于向控制器210和马达220供电，作为汽车的操作电源和驱动电源，例如，电池200用于汽车的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。例如，电池200向控制器210供电，控制器210控 制电池200向马达220供电，马达220接收并使用电池200的电力作为汽车的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为汽车提供驱动动力。
为了使得电池200达到较高的功能以满足使用需求，电池200可以包括相互电连接的多个电池模块300，如图1-B所示，电池200包括第一箱体201、第二箱体202和多个电池模块300，其中，第一箱体201和第二箱体202相互扣合，多个电池模块300排布在第一箱体201和第二箱体202围合形成的空间内。在一些实施例中，第一箱体201和第二箱体202密封连接。
如图1-C所示，电池模块300包括多个电池单体3，多个电池单体3可以通过串联、并联或混联的方式电连接以实现较大的电流或电压，其中，所述混联是指串联和并联的组合。例如，如图1-C所示，电池单体3可立放，电池单体3的高度方向与竖直方向一致，多个电池单体3沿宽度方向并排设置；或者，电池单体3可以平放，电池单体3的宽度方向与竖直方向一致，多个电池单体3沿宽度方向可以堆叠至少一层，每一层包括沿长度方向排列的多个电池单体3。
为了使本领域技术人员清楚地了解本申请的改进点，首先对电池单体3的整体结构进行说明。
如图1-D所示，电池单体3包括壳体31、电极组件30和端盖组件10，端盖组件10包括端盖板10’，端盖板10’与壳体31连接(例如，焊接)形成电池单体3的外壳，电极组件30设置在壳体31内，且壳体31内填充电解液。电池单体3可为立方体形、长方体形或圆柱体形。
根据实际使用需求，电极组件30可设置为单个或多个。如图1-D所示，也可在电池200内设置至少两个独立卷绕的电极组件30。电极组件30可通过将第一极片、第二极片以及位于相邻第一极片和第二极片之间的隔离膜一同卷绕或堆叠而形成主体部，其中，隔离膜是介于相邻第一极片和第二极片之间的绝缘体。在本实施例中，示例性地以第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片进行说明。正极活性物质被涂覆在正极极片的涂覆区上，而 负极活性物质被涂覆到负极极片的涂覆区上。由主体部的涂覆区延伸出的多个未涂覆区层叠作为极耳301。电极组件30包括两个极耳301，即正极极耳和负极极耳。正极极耳从正极极片的涂覆区延伸出，而负极极耳从负极极片的涂覆区延伸出。
端盖组件10设在电极组件30顶部，如图1-D所示，端盖组件10包括端盖板10’和两个电极端子32，两个电极端子32分别为正极端子和负极端子，每个电极端子32对应设置一个连接构件20，连接构件20位于端盖板10’与电极组件30之间。
例如，图1-D中电极组件30的极耳301位于顶部，正极极耳通过一个连接构件20与正极端子连接，负极极耳通过另一个连接构件20与负极端子连接。例如，电池单体3可以包括两个端盖组件10，分别设置于壳体31的两端，每个端盖组件10上设置一个电极端子32。
端盖板10’上还可设置防爆构件，当电池单体3内气体太多时及时释放电池单体3内的气体，避免发生***。
端盖板10’上设有排气孔，排气孔可设在端盖板10’沿长度方向的中间位置。防爆构件包括泄压机构33，泄压机构33设在排气孔上，在正常状态下，泄压机构33密封安装于排气孔，在电池单体3发生膨胀使外壳内的气压升高至超出预设值时，泄压机构33开启，气体通过泄压机构33向外释放。
泄压机构33是指在电池单体3的内部压力或内部温度达到预定阈值时能够致动以泄放内部压力和/或内部物质的元件或部件。泄压机构33具体可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体3的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构33执行动作或者泄压机构33中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力泄放的开口或通道。本申请中所称的阈值可以是压力阈值或温度阈值，该阈值的设计根据设计需求的不同而不同，例如可根据被认为是存在危险或失控风险的电池单体3的内部压力或内部温度值而设计或确定 该阈值。并且，该阈值例如可能取决于电池单体3中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中的一种或几种所用的材料。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构33产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体3的内部压力得以被泄放。泄压机构33产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构33中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构33在致动时，电池单体3的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体3发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。本申请中所提到的来自电池单体3的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或***的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。高温高压的排放物朝向电池单体3的设置泄压机构33的方向排放，并且可更具体地沿朝向泄压机构33致动的区域的方向排放，这种排放物的威力和破坏力可能很大，甚至可能足以冲破在该方向上的一个或多个结构。
在一些实施例中，如图1-D所示，端盖板10’上设有用于向电池单体3内注入电解液的通孔，通孔可采用圆孔、椭圆孔、多边形孔或其它形状的孔，并可沿端盖板10’的高度方向延伸。端盖板10’上设有用于将通孔封闭的注液构件40。
为解决电池200在使用过程中的上述问题，本申请提供的电池200的具体结构如下。
参照图2，电池200包括：箱壳1、盖体2和至少一个电池模块300。箱壳1为中空结构且具有开口，箱壳1和盖体2于开口处相互结合以形成箱体，该箱体具有容纳腔，用于收容至少一个电池模块300。
例如，箱壳1和盖体2可采用焊接、螺栓连接、螺钉连接、粘接等方式连接形成箱体，用于容纳一个或多个电池模块300，箱壳1上方的开口，用于在安装或更换过程中对电池模块300进行取放。箱壳1和盖体2可由铝、铝合金或其它金属材料制成。
盖体2与箱壳1密封连接以封闭箱壳1上的开口，从而将电池模块300封装在箱体内。
参照图2，电池模块300可以包括一个或多个电池单体3，当电池模块300包括多个电池单体3时，该多个电池单体3可以按照预定规则排列，例如，多个电池单体3按直线排成一列。
参照图3、图4、图5，本申请实施例中的盖体2包括上层板21、下层板23和隔离部件22，上层板21为盖体2远离箱壳1的面板，下层板23为盖体2靠近箱壳1的面板，例如，上层板21和下层板23大致平行，上层板21和下层板23通过它们周边的侧板212形成空腔，隔离部件22用于将空腔分割成收集腔24和消防腔25，其中，隔离部件22可以成板状，收集腔24和消防腔25沿垂直于下层板23的方向分布，且沿垂直于下层板23的方向，消防腔25位于收集腔24之下，使得消防腔25靠近电池单体3，收集腔24远离电池单体3。
例如，上层板21的边缘向箱壳1所在侧延伸形成侧板212，侧板212再与下层板23结合形成空腔，例如，侧板212与下层板23焊接结合，隔离部件22与下层板23之间形成消防腔25，隔离部件22与上层板21之间形成收集腔24，隔离部件22为消防腔25和收集腔24共用的腔壁，用于隔离消防腔25和收集腔24，其中，隔离部件22隔离消防腔25和收集腔24是指将两个腔分开，并不限制消防腔25和收集腔24是否相通，例如，消防腔25和收集腔24既可以通过隔离部件22的贯穿孔相通，消防腔25和收集腔24也可以不相通，例如，隔离部件22不具有贯穿孔。隔离部件22和下层板23的边缘均可以采用胶粘或焊接的方式连接于侧板212上。
消防腔25的内部容纳有消防介质。消防介质可以为液态灭火剂，如水、液氮等，也可为固态粉末灭火剂，如干粉灭火剂、氟蛋白泡沫灭火剂、水成膜泡沫灭火剂等，例如，采用比热容较大、能够对热失控的电池单体3进行迅速降温、成本较低、存储要求也较低的液态水作为消防介质。而下层板23在 电池200正常状态下与上层板21的侧板212之间处于封闭状态以对水进行储存。
参照图4、图5，为了使消防介质能够更为精确地进入电池单体3的内部，以更快的速度阻止热失控的电池单体3内的热量和排放物的产生，防止热扩散，电池单体3上的泄压机构33与消防腔25相对设置。
而在消防介质为液态灭火剂时，为了保护电池单体3的电极端子32和连接于电极端子32上的汇流部件(未示出)，避免消防介质喷洒到电极端子32和汇流部件上造成短路甚至更为危险的事故，参照图1、图3，本申请实施例中的电池单体3的电极端子32与泄压机构33分别位于电池单体3的不同面，例如，电极端子32与泄压机构33分别位于电池单体3的两个相互垂直的面，例如，电池单体3设有泄压机构33的面可以称为电池单体3的上表面，电池单体3设有电极端子32的面可以称为电池单体3的侧面，上表面与侧面相互垂直，电池单体3所连接的汇流部件同样位于电池单体3的侧面，在一定程度上保证了消防介质不会喷洒到电极端子32和汇流部件上，从而确保了消防过程中的安全性。
参照图5，为了在泄压机构33喷出排放物的时候，尽快对热失控的电池单体3进行灭火降温，将下层板23整体，或者至少将下层板23与泄压机构33正对处设置成易于被排放物破坏的结构，此处的“破坏”形式包括但不限于穿透、破裂、破碎、被撕裂中的一种。本申请实施例中，将下层板23与泄压机构33的正对处构造成便于被电池单体3内部产生的高温高压排放物熔穿的薄弱结构或低熔点结构，从而在高温高压排放物从致动的泄压机构33中排出时，排放物将下层板23迅速熔穿，消防腔25与泄压机构33相对设置的腔壁被破坏以泄放消防腔25内的消防介质，消防介质通过泄压机构33进入电池单体3的内部，从而对热失控的电池单体3进行灭火降温处理。
下层板23与泄压机构33的正对处被构造成薄弱结构，可以为该正对处的强度小于下层板23的其余部分的强度，例如，正对处的厚度小于下层板 23的其余部分的厚度；或者，该正对处为通孔。
下层板23与泄压机构33的正对处被构造成低熔点结构可以为该正对处的熔点小于下层板23的其余部分的熔点。
在本申请的其他一些实施例中，也可以将下层板23与泄压机构33正对处构造成与下层板23其余部位之间通过易撕线连接的片状结构，从而方便被泄压机构33排出的排放物冲破以泄放消防介质，消防介质通过泄压机构33进入电池单体3的内部，从而对热失控的电池单体3进行灭火降温处理。
本申请实施例中提到的“易撕线”是指通过外力在需要撕开的部位与不需要撕开的部位之间进行间断地破坏而形成的间断式划线，被破坏的材料位置轻薄但不穿透，在受到轻微外力，便能够破裂开，而未被破坏的材料位置部分保留原始材料厚度，这样通过间断式破坏形成的连线称为易撕线。易撕线可以通过激光打孔机、激光打标机、激光划线机或镭射切割机形成。
参照图6至图11，为了使消防腔25更容易在泄压机构33致动时被破坏，并且使得消防腔25内的消防介质更容易流入电池单体3内，作为消防腔25腔壁的下层板23上设置有容纳凹部231，容纳凹部231由下层板23向电池单体3一侧凹陷形成，下层板23远离电池单体3的表面凹陷形成容纳凹部231，容纳凹部231的开口朝向隔离部件22，容纳凹部231的厚度小于下层板23其他部位的厚度，以使得容纳凹部231容易被电池单体3的排放物破坏，容纳凹部231设置有一个或多个，并且每个容纳凹部231与至少一个泄压机构33相对设置。
上述消防腔25的结构使得容纳凹部231与泄压机构33之间的距离较近，且厚度上也较为薄弱，从而能够在泄压机构33致动时，快速被电池单体3产生的排放物熔穿破坏，以释放消防介质进行灭火降温，阻止热扩散的发生。另外，在容纳凹部231被破坏之后，容纳凹部231还能起导流作用，用于将消防腔25内的消防介质引导流入到容纳凹部231中，并朝向容纳凹部231被破坏的部位持续流动，尽快的进入到电池单体3内部，达到快速抑制 热失控的效果。
参照图6至图8，当容纳凹部231设置为两个及以上时，相邻两个容纳凹部231之间可以彼此独立、相互分离，每个容纳凹部231内部的消防介质在该容纳凹部231内部流通，使得每个容纳凹部231内能保持一定的消防介质。
另外，参照图9至图11，当容纳凹部231设置为两个及以上时，相邻两个容纳凹部231之间可以相互连通，例如，相邻两个容纳凹部231通过导流槽相互连通，导流槽的开口方向与容纳凹部231的开口方向相同，从而使得不同的容纳凹部231内部的消防介质可以相互流通，当一个容纳凹部231对应的一个泄压机构33致动时，各个容纳凹部231内部的消防介质可以均向该泄压机构33流动，保证了消防介质的充分供给。
在消防腔25的腔壁被破坏的瞬间和之后的短暂时间内，热失控的电池单体3产生热量和排放物并通过泄压机构33排出，热量和排放物充斥在消防腔25中。
为避免热量和排放物导致消防腔25中的气压增大到一定引起鼓起，严重者引发***等情况，本申请实施例中，将收集腔24设置在位于消防腔25远离电池单体3的一侧，并将隔离部件22构造为在泄压机构33致动时能够被排放物穿过的结构，以使排放物经由消防腔25进入收集腔24，缓解消防腔25内气压过高的情况，避免发生严重的安全事故。
参照图12，在本申请一实施例公开的电池200中，隔离部件22被构造为在泄压机构33致动时被排放物破坏，以使排放物经由消防腔25进入收集腔24。此处的“破坏”形式包括但不限于穿透、破裂、破碎、被撕裂中的一种。
例如，隔离部件22包括至少一处薄弱部221，薄弱部221与泄压机构33相对设置，薄弱部221在本实施例中为易于被电池单体3内部产生的高温高压排放物熔穿或冲破的薄弱结构或低熔点结构，例如，薄弱部221为隔离 部件22的一部分，且薄弱部221的强度低于隔离部件22的其它部分，例如薄弱部221的厚度小于隔离部件22的其它部分；或者使薄弱部221与隔离部件22其余部位之间通过易撕线连接，从而在高温高压排放物破坏掉下层板23之后，在消防腔25泄放消防介质的同时，排放物迅速将薄弱部221通过熔穿或者高压冲破的方式破坏掉，并进入到收集腔24内，收集腔24可以对消防腔25内的排放物进行泄压，避免电池200发生鼓起和***，提升电池200的使用安全性。
参照13，本申请另一实施例公开的电池200与上述实施例中的电池基本相同，其不同之处在于，隔离部件22的结构不同。
例如，在本实施例中的隔离部件22设置有通孔222，通孔222连通消防腔25和收集腔24，从而允许排放物在破坏掉消防腔25的腔壁之后，通过通孔222穿过隔离部件22进入到收集腔24内。
本实施例中的通孔222与泄压机构33相对设置，从而使得排放物经由消防腔25快速直接进入到收集腔24内，减缓消防腔25的压力。
参照图14，本申请另一实施例与其他实施例基本相同，其不同之处在于：隔离部件22和下层板23之间还设置有排放通道26，排放通道26用于将排放物快速导入到收集腔24内，排放通道26与泄压机构33相对设置，每个排放通道26对应一个或多个泄压机构33，例如，一个排放通道26对应一个电池单体3上的泄压机构33或多个电池单体3上的泄压机构33。
本实施例中的排放通道26被构造为凹槽，凹槽的开口朝向泄压机构33设置。凹槽的具体结构为：凹槽具有底壁261和连接于底壁261的侧壁262，底壁261被构造为隔离部件22的至少部分，侧壁262被构造为消防腔25的至少部分腔壁，用于分隔消防腔25与排放通道26；底壁261与泄压机构33相对设置，此处的底壁261构造为与前述实施例中的薄弱部221结构相同；侧壁262朝向泄压机构33延伸设置，本实施例中的侧壁262与底壁261之间直接连接，侧壁262远离底壁261的一端抵在下层板23上。
消防腔25在排放物通过排放通道26时被排放物破坏，并泄放消防介质。与此同时，排放物经由排放通道26的开口进入排放通道26，并破坏凹槽的底壁261，排放通道26用于引导排放物穿过隔离部件22进入收集腔24，从而对排放物进行收集。
参照图15，本申请另一实施例与上述实施例基本相同，其不同之处在于：本实施例中的排放通道26被构造为仅有连接在下层板23远离电池单体3一侧的侧壁262，侧壁262向远离电池单体3的方向上延伸；隔离部件22采用与前述实施例中相同的具有通孔222的结构，侧壁262抵在通孔222边缘或***通孔222内，以对消防腔25进行密封。
消防腔25在排放物通过排放通道26时被排放物破坏，并泄放消防介质。与此同时，排放物经由侧壁262围成区域进入排放通道26，经过隔离部件22上的通孔222进入收集腔24，从而对排放物进行收集。
参照图1、图2，在上述各实施例中，收集腔24可能也存在气压饱和的情况，因此，盖体2上可以设置诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀之类的压力致动的阀门27，用于向电池200外部排出电池单体3热失控时收集腔24收集的排放物，提高电池200的使用安全性。
并且，参照图8、图9和图10，为了防止盖体2的上层板21被高温高压的排放物喷穿，上层板21上设置有加强板211，加强板211可以被构造成与上层板21一体的、加厚的结构；也可以被构造成焊接或者粘连或者螺钉连接在上层板21上的加强结构；加强板211可以为金属板，也可以为云母板、岩棉板、漂珠板、蛭石板等轻质耐火板；加强板211可以设置在盖体2内部，也可以设置在盖体2外部；加强板211可以整块覆盖上层板21，也可以只设置在上层板21相对于下层板23上的容纳凹部231的位置。图中仅示出了加强板211设置在上层板21相对于下层板23上的容纳凹部231的位置，并设置于盖体2外部时的示意图，加强板211的其余设置情况图中未示出，但本领域技术人员能够据此合理推断出，附图中不再示意。
由于盖体2的上层板21加强，因此不易被排放物喷穿，保证了电池200的使用安全性。
在本申请的另一实施例中，消防腔25内的消防介质可以预装在消防腔25内。
在本申请的另一实施例中，电池200还包括热管理部件(未图示)，用于调节电池单体3的温度，且热管理部件被构造为与消防腔25连通，以向消防腔25输送消防介质。消防介质不仅仅可以通过热管理部件对电池单体3进行温度控制，还可以在电池单体3发生热失控时，热管理部件向消防腔25输送消防介质，以达到保证消防介质的充足供给的效果。
热管理部件一般设置于电池单体3的底部，用于调节电池单体3的温度，例如，热管理部件用于电池单体3的降温或升温到预设温度。在给电池单体3冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件用于容纳冷却流体以给多个电池单体3降低温度，此时，热管理部件也可以称为冷却部件、冷却***或冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体，其容纳的流体也可以直接为消防介质，这里的流体可以设置为循环流动。另外，热管理部件也可以用于加热以给多个电池单体3升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
例如，热管理部件包括连接管，连接管穿过箱体延伸到箱壳1外，与设置在电池200外部的储液容器相连(图中未示出)，储液容器中装有消防介质，其中，热管理部件与储液容器通过连接管构成循环回路。热管理部件被构造为与消防腔25连通，例如，热管理部件通过管道与消防腔25相通，或者，热管理部件、消防腔25和连接管通过三通管连通。
当热管理部件需要降低电池单体3的温度时，温度较低的消防介质通过连接管在储液容器和热管理部件之间循环流动，以降低电池单体3的温度。当热管理部件需要提高电池单体3的温度时，储液容器中也可以装温度较高的消防介质，消防介质通过连接管在储液容器和热管理部件之间循环流动， 实现对电池单体3的升温，实现对电池单体3温度的调节，保证电池单体3工作在预定温度下，以保证电池200的使用性能。
综上所述，本申请提供的电池200，在盖体2里设置相邻的消防腔25和收集腔24，收集腔24能够对消防腔25内的消防介质进行泄压，以阻止电池单体3热失控时消防腔25的鼓包甚至***，使得本申请实施例中的电池200，不仅能够及时对电池单体3的热失控情况进行控制，防止其进一步产生热量和高温排放物，还能对电池单体3已经产生的热量和排放物进行泄压，防止箱体中的热量和排放物持续累积而***，引发进一步的安全事故。
而由于本申请中的电池200具有上述特性，因此，使用本申请中提供的电池200提供电能的用电装置，不容易发生因电池***而引发的安全事故，使用安全性较高。
此外，本申请还提供了一种电池的制备方法，用于制备本申请中的上述电池200。
参照图16，在本申请一实施例中，电池200的制备方法包括：
步骤a：提供电池单体3，电池单体3的数量可以为一个或多个，电池单体3包括泄压机构6，泄压机构6用于在电池单体3的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力。
步骤b：提供消防腔25，消防腔25用于容纳消防介质，在一些实施例中，消防腔25被构造为在泄压机构33致动时泄放消防介质，以使消防介质进入电池单体3的内部。
步骤c：提供收集腔24，收集腔24用于在泄压机构33致动时收集来自电池单体3的排放物，且收集腔24位于消防腔25远离电池单体3的一侧。
步骤d：提供隔离部件22，隔离部件22用于隔离消防腔25和收集腔24；
其中，隔离部件22被构造为在泄压机构33致动时被排放物穿过，以使排放物经由消防腔25进入收集腔24。
上述各步骤的顺序并非完全按照上述排列顺序进行，在实际制造电池200的过程中，可以根据实际情况对上述步骤的顺序进行调整，或者同步进行，或者加入其它步骤以制造电池200的其他部件，以最终获得需要的电池200，具体参照电池200部分的实施例。
任何可以制造相关部件和连接相关部件的方法均落入本申请实施例的保护范围内，本申请实施例在此不再冗述。
本申请的第四方面提供一种电池的制备设备，参照图17，电池的制备设备包括：
第一设备401，用于提供电池单体3，电池单体3包括泄压机构33，泄压机构33用于在电池单体3的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力；
第二设备402，用于提供消防腔25，消防腔25用于容纳消防介质，且消防腔25被构造为在泄压机构33致动时泄放消防介质，以使消防介质进入电池单体3的内部；
第三设备403，用于提供收集腔24，收集腔24用于在泄压机构33致动时收集来自电池单体3的排放物，且收集腔24位于消防腔25远离电池单体3的一侧；
第四设备404，用于提供隔离部件22，隔离部件22用于隔离消防腔25和收集腔24；
其中，第四设备404提供的隔离部件22被构造为在泄压机构33致动时被排放物穿过，以使排放物经由消防腔25进入收集腔24。
上述中各制备电池200的设备应该具有的具体功能和细节已经在对应的电池200实施例中进行了详细的描述，因此此处不再赘述。
本申请上述各保护主题以及各实施例中的特征之间可以相互借鉴，在结构允许的情况下，本领域技术人员也可对不同实施例中的技术特征灵活组合，以形成更多的实施例。
以上对本申请所提供的一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和设备进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体的实施例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以对本申请进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本申请权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池单体(3)，所述电池单体(3)包括泄压机构(33)，所述泄压机构(33)用于在所述电池单体(3)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    消防腔(25)，用于容纳消防介质，且所述消防腔(25)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时泄放所述消防介质，以使所述消防介质进入所述电池单体(3)的内部；
    收集腔(24)，用于在所述泄压机构(33)致动时收集来自所述电池单体(3)的排放物，且所述收集腔(24)位于所述消防腔(25)远离所述电池单体(3)的一侧；
    隔离部件(22)，用于隔离所述消防腔(25)和所述收集腔(24)；
    其中，所述隔离部件(22)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时被所述排放物穿过，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔(25)进入所述收集腔(24)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述隔离部件(22)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时被所述排放物破坏，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔(25)进入所述收集腔(24)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其中，所述隔离部件(22)设置有薄弱部(221)，所述薄弱部(221)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时被所述排放物破坏。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述隔离部件(22)设置有通孔(222)，所述通孔(222)被构造为允许所述排放物穿过所述隔离部件(22)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池，其中，所述隔离部件(22)被构造为所述消防腔(25)和所述收集腔(24)共用的腔壁。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括：
    箱壳(1)，用于容纳所述电池单体(3)；
    盖体(2)，用于与所述箱壳(1)连接以封装所述电池单体(3)；
    其中，所述消防腔(25)、所述收集腔(24)和所述隔离部件(22)被构造为所述盖体(2)的至少部分。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，所述盖体(2)设置有排放通道(26)，所述排放通道(26)用于引导所述排放物穿过所述隔离部件(22)进入所述收集腔(24)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述消防腔(25)被构造为在所述排放物通过所述排放通道(26)时被所述排放物破坏，以泄放所述消防介质。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电池，其中，所述排放通道(26)被构造为凹槽，所述凹槽的开口朝向所述泄压机构(33)设置，所述排放物经由所述开口进入所述排放通道(26)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池，其中，所述凹槽具有底壁(261)和连接于所述底壁(261)的侧壁(262)，所述底壁(261)与所述泄压机构(33)相对设置，所述侧壁(262)朝向所述泄压机构(33)延伸设置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池，其中，所述底壁(261)被构造为所述隔离部件(22)的至少部分，所述侧壁(262)被构造为所述消防腔(25)的至少部分腔壁。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池，其中，所述消防腔(25)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时被所述排放物破坏，以泄放所述消防介质。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池，其中，所述消防腔(25)包括与所述泄压机构(33)相对设置的容纳凹部(231)，所述容纳凹部(231)由所述消防腔(25)朝向所述泄压机构(33)的腔壁凹陷形成，以在所述泄压机构(33)致动时使所述消防介质朝向所述容纳凹部(231)流动。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池，其中，所述容纳凹部(231)设置为至少两个，相邻两个所述容纳凹部(231)之间相互连通。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括热管理部件，用于调节所述电池单体(3)的温度，且所述热管理部件被构造为与所述消防腔(25)连通，以向所述消防腔(25)输送所述消防介质。
  16. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  17. 一种制备电池的方法，包括：
    提供电池单体(3)，所述电池单体(3)包括泄压机构(33)，所述泄压机构(33)用于在所述电池单体(3)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供消防腔(25)，所述消防腔(25)用于容纳消防介质，且所述消防腔(25)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时泄放所述消防介质，以使所述消防介质进入所述电池单体(3)的内部；
    提供收集腔(24)，所述收集腔(24)用于在所述泄压机构(33)致动时收集来自所述电池单体(3)的排放物，且所述收集腔(24)位于所述消防腔(25)远离所述电池单体(3)的一侧；
    提供隔离部件(22)，所述隔离部件(22)用于隔离所述消防腔(25)和所述收集腔(24)；
    其中，所述隔离部件(22)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时被所述排放物穿过，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔(25)进入所述收集腔(24)。
  18. 一种制备电池的设备，包括：
    第一设备，用于提供电池单体(3)，所述电池单体(3)包括泄压机构(33)，所述泄压机构(33)用于在所述电池单体(3)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    第二设备，用于提供消防腔(25)，所述消防腔(25)用于容纳消防介 质，且所述消防腔(25)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时泄放所述消防介质，以使所述消防介质进入所述电池单体(3)的内部；
    第三设备，用于提供收集腔(24)，所述收集腔(24)用于在所述泄压机构(33)致动时收集来自所述电池单体(3)的排放物，且所述收集腔(24)位于所述消防腔(25)远离所述电池单体(3)的一侧；
    第四设备，用于提供隔离部件(22)，所述隔离部件(22)用于隔离所述消防腔(25)和所述收集腔(24)；
    其中，第四设备提供的所述隔离部件(22)被构造为在所述泄压机构(33)致动时被所述排放物穿过，以使所述排放物经由所述消防腔(25)进入所述收集腔(24)。
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