WO2022078261A1 - 一种新型含糖含磷肥料 - Google Patents

一种新型含糖含磷肥料 Download PDF

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WO2022078261A1
WO2022078261A1 PCT/CN2021/122827 CN2021122827W WO2022078261A1 WO 2022078261 A1 WO2022078261 A1 WO 2022078261A1 CN 2021122827 W CN2021122827 W CN 2021122827W WO 2022078261 A1 WO2022078261 A1 WO 2022078261A1
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phosphorus
fertilizer
sugar
carbon
water
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French (fr)
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冯固
彭懿
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中国农业大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/50—Cotton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and chemical fertilizer, and in particular relates to a novel sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer.
  • Soil microorganisms play an important role in the activation and utilization of soil phosphorus. Microorganisms can quickly fix the phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil in the body to form microbial biomass phosphorus; in the process of microbial biomass phosphorus turnover, this part of phosphorus can be released into the soil (Gyaneshwar et al. 2002) and become the source of soil available phosphorus. Important source (Richardson et al. 2009).
  • Phosphatase secreted by phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms can hydrolyze organic phosphorus into orthophosphate for plant absorption and utilization; organic acid anions secreted by microorganisms can chelate phosphates precipitated by metal cations; microorganisms secrete protons and CO 2 released through respiration, also It can reduce the pH of the rhizosphere soil, thereby promoting the dissolution of insoluble phosphates (Meyer et al. 2019).
  • the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio is a key factor regulating the bioactivation and turnover of phosphorus by soil microorganisms.
  • increasing the soil carbon-to-phosphorus ratio can increase alkaline phosphatase activity and the abundance and diversity of bacterial functional groups containing phoD (Luo et al. 2017), promoting Activation of organic phosphorus by soil microorganisms (Spohn et al. 2013; Zhnag et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2016).
  • carbon-containing compounds such as glucose, sucrose, and molasses are used as additives in the process of bio-organic fertilizer fermentation and microbial fertilizer production. Their role is to provide carbon sources for the expansion and reproduction of microbial strains, and fertilizers are not considered and involved.
  • the stoichiometric ratio of carbon to phosphorus It can be seen that as far as the technology of how to stimulate and promote the activity and function of indigenous phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms in farmland soil, the predecessors did not form specific and clear technical parameters for how to control the carbon-phosphorus mass ratio of carbon-containing compounds and phosphates in fertilizers. ; There is no relevant technology and product for the preparation method and ratio of carbon-containing compounds and phosphates.
  • the present invention provides a novel sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer that regulates the activity of indigenous microorganisms and improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.
  • the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer provided by the present invention is composed of a water-soluble carbon-containing compound and a phosphorus-containing compound;
  • the mass ratio of the carbon element in the water-soluble carbon-containing compound to the phosphorus element in the phosphorus-containing compound is 1-15:1.
  • the water-soluble carbon-containing compound is selected from at least one of glucose, sucrose, cane molasses and beet molasses;
  • the sugar content of the cane molasses and the sugar beet molasses is 40-100%; specifically 85%;
  • the phosphorus-containing compound is selected from at least one of phosphoric acid and phosphate;
  • the phosphate is specifically selected from at least one of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate;
  • the degree of polymerization of the ammonium polyphosphate is 2-10, which can be purchased from Yunnan Tianyao Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • the mass ratio of the carbon element in the water-soluble carbon-containing compound to the phosphorus element in the phosphorus-containing compound is 1-4:1 (low-carbon type) or 4-15:1 (high-carbon type).
  • the mass ratio of the carbon element in the water-soluble carbon-containing compound to the phosphorus element in the phosphorus-containing compound may be (1.44-5.71): 1, (1.44-3.66): 1, (4.58-5.71) ): 1, (6.58 ⁇ 13.16): 1;
  • the mass ratio of the carbon element in the water-soluble carbon-containing compound to the phosphorus element in the phosphorus-containing compound is (1.44-3.66): 1, it is the low-carbon sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer; more specifically, it can be is 2.45:1;
  • the sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer may be composed of the water-soluble carbon-containing compound, phosphorus-containing compound and water;
  • the mass ratio of the water to the water-soluble carbon-containing compound is 1-3:10.
  • the method for preparing the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the components are mixed uniformly according to the proportion to obtain the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer.
  • the method for preparing the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • water-soluble carbon-containing compound when the water-soluble carbon-containing compound is cane molasses in liquid state (or beet molasses in liquid state), a specific amount of cane molasses in liquid state (or beet molasses in liquid state) can be diluted with water, and then the water-soluble carbon-containing compound can be diluted with water.
  • the phosphorus compound is dissolved and added to the above-mentioned molasses solution.
  • the application amount of the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer is 90-525 kg per hectare of farmland; specifically, 195.0, 415 or 425;
  • the fertilization object is corn, cotton or alfalfa
  • the number of fertilization is 1 to 3 times;
  • Fertilization methods are drip, strip or hole application.
  • the number of fertilization times is 3;
  • the time and amount of fertilization from the first to the third fertilization are as follows:
  • the second fertilization is applied when the first water is dropped after the corn has emerged, and the application amount accounts for 40% of the total amount of the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer;
  • Fertilizer is applied for the third time when the third water is dripped after the corn emerges, and the application amount accounts for 20% of the total amount of the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer.
  • the number of fertilization times is 2;
  • the time and amount of fertilization from the first to the second fertilization are as follows:
  • the fertilization method is drip fertilization, and the fertilization frequency is 2 times;
  • the time and amount of fertilization from the first to the second fertilization are as follows:
  • the high-carbon type sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer is applied at one time in the first water after emergence.
  • the amount of phosphorus-containing elements in the low-carbon type sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer is 60% of the total amount of phosphorus-containing elements in the low-carbon type and high-carbon type sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizers.
  • Figure 1 shows the effects of applying new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizers on corn yield, water-soluble phosphorus concentration and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizers;
  • Figure 1A is the yield of corn in different treatments,
  • Figure 1B is the concentration of water-soluble phosphorus in different treatments, and
  • Figure 1C is different
  • the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer treatment, different lowercase letters indicate that the difference between treatments reached a significant level (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • Figure 2 shows the effects of applying new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizers on corn yield, soil acid phosphatase activity and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer;
  • Figure 2A shows the yield of corn in different treatments, B shows acid phosphatase activity in different treatments, and
  • Figure 2C shows different treatments The partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer, different lowercase letters indicate that the difference between treatments reached a significant level (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • Figure 3 shows the effects of application of new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizers on lint yield (Figure 3A), partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer (Figure 3B), phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate (Figure 3C), soil water-soluble phosphorus concentration (Figure 3D), soil acid phosphatase activity (Figure 3D).
  • Figure 3E and soil respiration (Figure 3F), different lowercase letters indicate that the difference between different treatments reached a significant level (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • FIG. 4 is an application effect diagram of Example 4.
  • Example 1 drip application of new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizers for spring corn
  • composition of the novel sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer of the present embodiment and its carbon-phosphorus ratio are as follows:
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 1 (low carbon type): carbon to phosphorus ratio is 2.45:1, 120 parts of glucose (40% carbon content, equivalent to 48 parts of carbon), 75 parts of monoammonium phosphate (60% P 2 O 5 content) , equivalent to 19.6 parts of phosphorus).
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 2 (high carbon type): carbon to phosphorus ratio of 5.71:1, 280 parts of glucose (40% carbon content, equivalent to 112 parts of carbon elements), 75 parts of monoammonium phosphate (containing P 2 O 5 60%) , equivalent to 19.6 parts of phosphorus).
  • the application methods of new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizers include the types of new fertilizers, the total amount of fertilizers in the whole growth period and the amount of different growth periods.
  • Fertilize for the first time when corn is dripping with germination water and the application amount accounts for 40% of the total amount of fertilizer (the amount of the new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer is 78.0kg ha -1 , and the total amount of carbon and phosphorus elements is 27.1kg ha -1 );
  • Fertilize for the third time when dripping the third water after the corn emerges and the application amount accounts for 20% of the total fertilizer consumption (the amount of the new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizer is 39.0kg ha -1 , and the total amount of carbon and phosphorus elements is 13.5kg ha -1 . 1 ).
  • the new fertilizer dosage is 71.0kg ha -1
  • the total amount of carbon and phosphorus elements is 26.3kg ha -1 ).
  • Treatment 1 Control, no phosphate fertilizer, other fertilizers are supplied in sufficient quantities according to the production routine;
  • Treatment 2 low phosphorus, applying phosphorus 19.6kg P ha -1 (45kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 );
  • the application of the new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizers increased the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizers by an average of 1.7 times compared with the high-phosphorus treatments at comparable yields (Fig. 1C).
  • the application of the new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizers significantly increased soil phosphorus bioavailability and improved crop phosphorus use efficiency. It is indicated that the application of the novel sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer of the present invention can maintain high crop yield under the condition of appropriate phosphorus reduction, which is of great significance for reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer and increasing the efficiency in production.
  • Embodiment 2 Spring corn strips are applied with new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizers
  • composition of the novel sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer of the present embodiment and its carbon-phosphorus ratio are as follows:
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 1 (glucose): the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio is 3.66:1, 300 parts of glucose (40% carbon content, equivalent to 120 parts of carbon), 125 parts of monoammonium phosphate (60% of P 2 O 5 , equivalent to 120 parts) Phosphorus element 32.7 parts).
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 2 sucgar cane molasses: carbon to phosphorus ratio of 3.66:1, sugar cane molasses powder (purchased from Jinan Xinkang New Materials Co., Ltd., molasses powder, sugar content is 85%) 353 parts (carbon 34 %, equivalent to 120 parts of carbon element), 125 parts of monoammonium phosphate (containing 60% of P 2 O 5 , equivalent to 32.7 parts of phosphorus element).
  • Glucose and sugarcane molasses powder of above-mentioned specific amount are mixed with monoammonium phosphate respectively to make novel sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer powder.
  • a ditch with a depth of 7-15cm is opened near the root system of the crop, and the new sugar- and phosphorus-containing fertilizer powder is evenly spread in the ditch, covered with soil and irrigated in time.
  • the application methods of new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizers include the types of new fertilizers, the total amount of fertilizers in the whole growth period and the amount of different growth periods.
  • the amount of the new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer is 170.0kg ha -1 , and the total amount of carbon and phosphorus elements is 61.1kg ha -1 );
  • the amount of the new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer is 191.3kg ha -1 , and the total amount of carbon and phosphorus elements is 61.1kg ha -1 );
  • Treatment 1 control, no phosphate fertilizer, other fertilizers are supplied in sufficient quantities according to production routines; treatment 2: phosphate fertilizer, 52.4kg P ha -1 (120kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) of phosphorus; treatment 3: new type fertilizer 1, application 425.0kg ha -1 of "new-type sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 1 (glucose)"; treatment four: new-type fertilizer 2, applying the above-mentioned "new-type sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 2 (sugar cane molasses)" 478.1kg ha -1 .
  • Example 3 drip application of new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizers to cotton
  • composition of the novel sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer of the present embodiment and its carbon-phosphorus ratio are as follows:
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 1 (low carbon type): carbon to phosphorus ratio is 1.44:1, 85 parts of glucose (40% carbon content, equivalent to 34 parts of carbon elements), 90 parts of monoammonium phosphate (60% P 2 O 5 content) , equivalent to 23.6 parts of phosphorus).
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 2 (high-carbon type): carbon-to-phosphorus ratio of 4.58:1, 180 parts of glucose (40% carbon content, equivalent to 72 parts of carbon), 60 parts of monoammonium phosphate (including 60% of P 2 O 5 ) , equivalent to 15.7 parts of phosphorus).
  • the application methods of new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizers include the types of new fertilizers, the total amount of fertilizers in the whole growth period and the amount of different growth periods.
  • Treatment 1 control, no phosphate fertilizer was applied, other fertilizers were supplied in sufficient quantities according to the production routine; treatment 2: phosphate fertilizer, 52.4kg P ha -1 (120kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) of phosphorus application; treatment 3: new fertilizer, seedling water
  • the new sugar-containing phosphorus fertilizer 1 (low carbon type) 175.1kg ha -1 was applied at the time of emergence, and the new sugar and phosphorus fertilizer 2 (high carbon type) 240.0kg ha -1 was applied in the first water after emergence.
  • composition of the novel sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer of the present embodiment and its carbon-phosphorus ratio are as follows:
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 1 the ratio of carbon to phosphorus is 6.58:1, 375 parts of glucose (containing 40% carbon, equivalent to 150 parts of carbon element), 100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing 22.79% of P, equivalent to 22.79 parts of phosphorus element) .
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 2 the ratio of carbon to phosphorus is 13.16:1, 750 parts of glucose (containing 40% carbon, equivalent to 300 parts of carbon element), 100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing 22.79% of P, equivalent to 22.79 parts of phosphorus element) .
  • New sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 3 the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio is 21.94:1, 1250 parts of glucose (containing 40% carbon, equivalent to 500 parts of carbon), 100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing 22.79% of P, equivalent to 22.79 parts of phosphorus) .
  • Treatment 1 control, no phosphate fertilizer
  • treatment 2 phosphate fertilizer, 0.228g P kg -1 of phosphorus
  • treatment 3 sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 1, and 4.75g kg -1 new-type sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer
  • treatment four For the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 2, 8.50 g kg -1 of the new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer was applied; for treatment 5: the sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer 3 was applied with 13.50 g kg -1 of the new sugar-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer.
  • the inventors have found through extensive research that mixing carbon-containing compounds and phosphorus-containing chemical fertilizers according to the mass ratio of carbon and phosphorus elements (ie, carbon-phosphorus ratio) of 1 to 15:1 and then applying them to the soil can significantly improve the native solution in the soil.
  • the activity of phosphorus functional microorganisms can improve the availability of phosphorus in the soil, thereby promoting crop growth and improving the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer utilization.
  • a mixture of chemical phosphorus fertilizers and carbon-containing compounds the ratio of carbon and phosphorus elements is 1-13.3:1
  • soil microbial activity and phosphatase activity are significantly increased, and crop growth and phosphorus absorption efficiency are significantly improved. .
  • the novel fertilizer provided by the present invention contains a carbon source that stimulates the growth and activity of microorganisms. After application, it can regulate the phosphorus-resolving activity of soil microorganisms, improve phosphorus utilization efficiency, and increase crop yield.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型含糖含磷肥料。所述新型含糖含磷肥料的成分组成及其碳磷比特征如下：按碳、磷元素的质量计，新型含糖含磷肥料的碳磷比为1～15:1，分为低碳型(碳磷比为1～4:1)和高碳型(碳磷比为4～15:1)两种；所述碳源含有葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘蔗糖蜜、甜菜糖蜜的任意一种或几种。本发明的新型含糖含磷肥料通过滴施或条施的方式施入土壤，通过调控土壤中固有的解磷微生物活性提高作物的磷利用效率。在多个试验地点，使用本发明的新型含糖含磷肥料后，土壤呼吸增强、磷酸酶活性显著提高，土壤水溶性磷浓度显著增加，作物显著增产。

Description

一种新型含糖含磷肥料 技术领域
本发明属于农业种植和化肥技术领域，具体涉及一种新型含糖含磷肥料。
背景技术
土壤微生物在土壤磷素活化、利用过程中发挥着重要作用。微生物可以迅速将施入土壤中的磷肥固定在体内形成微生物生物量磷；在微生物生物量磷周转过程中，这部分磷又可以被释放到土壤中(Gyaneshwar et al.2002)成为土壤有效磷的重要来源(Richardson et al.2009)。解磷微生物分泌的磷酸酶可将有机磷水解成正磷酸盐供植物吸收利用；微生物分泌的有机酸阴离子可以螯合被金属阳离子沉淀的磷酸根；微生物分泌质子以及通过呼吸作用释放的CO 2，也能降低根际土壤pH值，从而促进难溶性磷酸盐的溶解(Meyer et al.2019)。然而，对土壤微生物生长来说，农田土壤是一个碳限制的环境，绝大多数微生物处于“碳饥饿”状态(Demoling et al.,2007；Groffman and Fisk,2011)，土壤微生物往往只有5％左右处于活性状态。因此，通过添加适宜的碳源促进微生物代谢活性，强化微生物对磷的转化与周转，降低磷肥施入土壤后的有效性损失、提高磷肥利用效率就成了土壤肥料领域的理论研究的热点和难点问题。
碳磷比是调节土壤微生物对磷的生物活化与周转的关键因素。从原理上，人们认识到在碳源相对匮乏的环境中，提高土壤碳磷比能够增加碱性磷酸酶活性以及含有phoD的细菌功能群的丰度和多样性(Luo et al.2017)，促进土壤微生物对有机磷的活化(Spohn et al.2013；Zhnag et al.2014；Zhang et al.2016)。同时，提高碳磷比还可以增加土壤呼吸速率、促进土壤局部微域的酸化，进而增加难溶性无机磷的生物有效性(Meyer et al.2019)。然而，过量的碳输入也会导致施入土壤中的磷肥被大量固定在微生物体内(Zhang et al.2018)，造成土壤有效磷含量降低，抑制作物生长。因此，适宜的碳、磷投入比例是发挥微生物解磷功能、提高磷利用效率的关键。但是，迄今为止，还没有一个关于肥料产品中有机 碳与磷酸盐碳磷元素化学计量比的具体技术参数。
目前，葡萄糖、蔗糖、糖蜜等含碳化合物都是作为生物有机肥发酵、微生物菌肥生产的过程中的一种添加剂，其作用是为微生物菌种扩大繁殖提供碳源，并没有考虑和涉及肥料的碳元素与磷元素化学计量比的问题。可见，就如何激发和促进农田土壤土著解磷功能微生物活性和功能的技术而言，前人对于如何控制肥料中的含碳化合物和磷酸盐的碳磷元素质量比没有形成具体和明确的技术参数；对于含碳化合物和磷酸盐的配制方式和比例也没有形成相关的技术和产品。
发明内容
本发明为了解决生产中磷肥利用率低的问题，提供了一种调控土著微生物活性、提高磷肥利用率的新型含糖含磷肥料。
本发明提供的含糖含磷肥料，由水溶性含碳化合物与含磷化合物组成；
所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比为1～15：1。
上述含糖含磷肥料中，所述水溶性含碳化合物选自葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘蔗糖蜜和甜菜糖蜜中至少一种；
所述甘蔗糖蜜和所述甜菜糖蜜的含糖量为40～100％；具体为85％；
所述含磷化合物选自磷酸和磷酸盐中至少一种；
所述磷酸盐具体选自磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸脲和聚磷酸铵中至少一种；
所述聚磷酸铵的聚合度为2～10，可购自云南天耀化工有限公司。
具体的，所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比为1～4：1(低碳型)或4～15：1(高碳型)。
更具体的，所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比可为(1.44～5.71)：1、(1.44～3.66):1、(4.58～5.71)：1、(6.58～13.16)：1；
其中，所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比为(1.44～3.66)：1时为低碳型所述含糖含磷肥料；更具体可 为2.45：1；
所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比为(4.58～5.71)：1时为高碳型所述含糖含磷肥料；
更具体的，所述含糖含磷肥料可由所述水溶性含碳化合物、含磷化合物和水组成；
所述水与所述水溶性含碳化合物的质量比为1～3：10。
本发明提供的制备所述含糖含磷肥料的方法，包括如下步骤：
按照配比将各组分混匀，得到所述含糖含磷肥料。
具体的，本发明提供的制备所述含糖含磷肥料的方法，包括如下步骤：
将特定份量的水溶性含碳化合物与含磷化合物混合均匀，制成粉剂的所述含糖含磷肥料；
或者将特定份量的水溶性含碳化合物溶于水，再将含磷化合物溶解加入上述水溶性含碳化合物溶液中配成液体状的所述含糖含磷肥料；
更具体的，如所述水溶性含碳化合物为液体状态的甘蔗糖蜜(或液体状态的甜菜糖蜜时，可将特定份量液体状态的甘蔗糖蜜(或液体状态的甜菜糖蜜)加水稀释，再将含磷化合物溶解加入到上述糖蜜溶液中而得。
另外，上述本发明提供的含糖含磷肥料在施肥中的应用，也属于本发明的保护范围。
具体的，所述施肥中，所述含糖含磷肥料的施用量为每公顷农田中施用90～525kg；具体为195.0、415或425；
施肥对象为玉米、棉花或苜蓿；
施肥次数为1～3次；
施肥方式为滴施、条施或穴施。
具体的，由于滴施施肥中肥料是随水滴入的，并不仅仅是将肥料溶液滴入土壤，同时也要兼顾作物灌溉，因此滴施条件下，肥料与水的比例并不固定，需要根据具体情况确定灌水定额。
更具体的，所述施肥对象为玉米如春玉米时，施肥方式为滴施时，施肥次数为3次；
第一次至第三次施肥的时间及施肥量如下所示：
在玉米滴出苗水时第一次施肥，施用量占所述含糖含磷肥料总用量的40％；
在玉米出苗后滴第一水时第二次施肥，施用量占所述含糖含磷肥料总用量的40％；
在玉米出苗后滴第三水时第三次施肥，施用量占所述含糖含磷肥料总用量的20％。
所述施肥对象为玉米如春玉米时，施肥方式为条施时，施肥次数为2次；
第一次至第二次施肥的时间及施肥量如下所示：
在玉米播种时，与种肥一起施入所述含糖含磷肥料总用量的40％；
在玉米的拔节期追肥时施入所述含糖含磷肥料总用量的60％。
所述施肥对象为棉花时，施肥方式为滴施，施肥次数为2次；
第一次至第二次施肥的时间及施肥量如下所示：
在出苗水时，一次性施用低碳型所述含糖含磷肥料；
在出苗后第一水一次性施用高碳型所述含糖含磷肥料。
所述低碳型所述含糖含磷肥料中折合含磷元素用量为所述低碳型和高碳型所述含糖含磷肥料中磷元素总量的60％。
另外，上述本发明提供的含糖含磷肥料在如下任意一种中的应用，也属于本发明的保护范围：
a、提高土壤中的土著解磷功能微生物的活性；
b、提高磷素在土壤中的有效性；
c、促进作物生长；
d、提高磷肥利用效率。
附图说明
图1为施用新型含糖含磷肥料对玉米产量、水溶性磷浓度和磷肥偏生产力的影响；图1A为不同处理中玉米的产量，图1B为不同处理水溶性磷的浓度，图1C为不同处理磷肥的偏生产力，不同的小写字母表示处理之间差异达到显著水平(P≤0.05)。
图2为施用新型含糖含磷肥料对玉米产量、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和磷 肥偏生产力的影响；图2A为不同处理中玉米的产量，B为不同处理酸性磷酸酶活性，图2C为不同处理磷肥的偏生产力，不同的小写字母表示处理之间差异达到显著水平(P≤0.05)。
图3为施用新型含糖含磷肥料对皮棉产量(图3A)、磷肥偏生产力(图3B)、磷肥利用率(图3C)、土壤水溶性磷浓度(图3D)、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(图3E)和土壤呼吸(图3F)的影响，不同的小写字母表示不同处理之间的差异达到显著水平(P≤0.05)。
图4为实施例4的施用效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步清楚、完整地描述。显然，本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围，任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品，但不论是在含碳化合物、化学磷肥原料种类或成分比例上作任何变化，凡是具有与本申请相同的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
实施例1、春玉米滴施新型含糖含磷肥料
1、本实施例的新型含糖含磷肥料的成分组成及其碳磷比如下：
新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)：碳磷比为2.45:1，葡萄糖120份(含碳40％，折合碳元素48份)，磷酸一铵75份(含P 2O 5 60％，折合磷元素19.6份)。
新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)：碳磷比为5.71:1，葡萄糖280份(含碳40％，折合碳元素112份)，磷酸一铵75份(含P 2O 5 60％，折合磷元素19.6份)。
2、制备和施用方法为：
采用滴施，在滴水时，称取上述份量的葡萄糖和磷酸一铵，按比例充分混匀，配制成高、低两种碳磷比的新型含糖含磷肥料粉剂。将新型含碳含磷肥料粉剂加入施肥罐中搅拌混匀，随水滴施。
3、以目标产量为12t ha -1的膜下滴灌春玉米种植模式为例。
新型含糖含磷肥料的施用方法包括新型肥料的类型、肥料全生育期的总用量和不同生育时期的用量。
(1)施用上述“新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)”。每公顷农田的新型含糖含磷肥料用量为195.0kg ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为67.7kg ha - 1，含磷元素19.6kg P ha -1)分三次施入土壤。
在玉米滴出苗水时第一次施肥，施用量占肥料总用量的40％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为78.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为27.1kg ha -1)；
在玉米出苗后滴第一水时第二次施肥，施用量占肥料总用量的40％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为78.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为27.1kg ha -1)；
在玉米出苗后滴第三水时第三次施肥，施用量占肥料总用量的20％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为39.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为13.5kg ha -1)。
(2)施用上述“新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)”。每公顷农田的新型含糖含磷肥料用量为355.0kg ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为131.6kg ha - 1，含磷元素19.6kg P ha -1)，分三次施入土壤。
在玉米滴出苗水时第一次施肥，施用量占肥料总用量的40％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为142.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为52.6kg ha - 1)；
在玉米出苗后滴第一水时第二次施肥，施用量占肥料总用量的40％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为142.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为52.6kg ha -1)；
在玉米出苗后滴第三水时第三次施肥，施用量占肥料总用量的20％(新型肥料用量为71.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为26.3kg ha -1)。
4、其余的施肥和田间管理与实际生产一致。
施用效果：
按照上述方法，2018年在新疆石河子进行田间试验，共设置5个处理。
处理一：对照，不施磷肥，其他肥料按生产常规足量供应；
处理二：低磷，施磷19.6kg P ha -1(45kg P 2O 5ha -1)；
处理三：低碳新型肥料，施用上述新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)195.0kg ha -1；
处理四：高碳新型肥料，施用上述新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)355.0kg ha -1；
处理五：高磷，施磷52.4kg P ha -1(120kg P 2O 5ha -1)。
试验结果如图1所示。施用新型肥料处理的玉米产量显著高于不施磷和低磷处理，达到了与高磷处理相同的产量水平(图1中A)。低碳新型肥料和高碳新型肥料处理磷肥的总投入量与低磷处理相等，但产量显著增加。在相同施磷量条件下，施用低碳和高碳新型肥料分别使土壤水溶性磷提高了39％和51％(图1B)，使磷肥偏生产力提高了9.1％和8.3％(图1C)。整体来看，与高磷处理相比，在产量相当的情况下，施用新型含糖含磷肥料平均使磷肥偏生产力提高了1.7倍(图1C)。整体来看，施用新型含糖含磷肥料显著增加了土壤磷的生物有效性，提高了作物的磷利用效率。说明应用本发明的新型含糖含磷肥料在适当减磷的条件下可以维持作物高产，对生产上磷肥减施增效具有重要意义。
实施例2、春玉米条施新型含糖含磷肥料
1、本实施例的新型含糖含磷肥料的成分组成及其碳磷比如下：
新型含糖含磷肥料1(葡萄糖)：碳磷比为3.66:1，葡萄糖300份(含碳40％，折合碳元素120份)，磷酸一铵125份(含P 2O 5 60％，折合磷元素32.7份)。
新型含糖含磷肥料2(甘蔗糖蜜)：碳磷比为3.66:1，甘蔗糖蜜粉(购自济南鑫康新材料有限公司，糖蜜粉，含糖量为85％)353份(含碳34％，折合碳元素120份)，磷酸一铵125份(含P 2O 5 60％，折合磷元素32.7份)。
2、制备和施用方法为：
将上述特定份量的葡萄糖和甘蔗糖蜜粉分别与磷酸一铵混合均匀，制 成新型含糖含磷肥料粉剂。在作物根系附近开7～15cm深的沟，沟内均匀撒施新型含糖含磷肥料粉剂，覆土并及时灌溉。
3、以目标产量10.5t ha -1的春玉米为例。
新型含糖含磷肥料的施用方法包括新型肥料的类型、肥料全生育期的总用量和不同生育时期的用量。
(1)施用上述“新型含糖含磷肥料1(葡萄糖)”。每公顷农田的新型含糖含磷肥料用量为425.0kg ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为152.7kg ha -1，含磷元素32.7kg P ha -1)分两次施入土壤。
在玉米播种时，与种肥一起施入肥料总用量的40％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为170.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为61.1kg ha -1)；
在玉米的拔节期追肥时施入肥料总用量的60％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为255.0kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为91.6kg ha -1)。
(2)施用上述“新型含糖含磷肥料2(甘蔗糖蜜)”。每公顷农田的新型含糖含磷肥料用量为478.1kg ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为152.7kg ha -1，含磷元素32.7kg P ha -1)分两次施入土壤。
在玉米播种时，与种肥一起施入肥料总用量的40％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为191.3kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为61.1kg ha -1)；
在玉米的拔节期追肥时施入肥料总用量的60％(新型含糖含磷肥料用量为286.8kg ha -1，折合碳、磷元素总用量为91.6kg ha -1)。
4、其余的施肥和田间管理与实际生产一致。
施用效果：
按照上述方法，在中国农业大学上庄试验站进行了田间试验，共设置了4个处理。处理一：对照，不施磷肥，其他肥料按生产常规足量供应；处理二：磷肥，施磷52.4kg P ha -1(120kg P 2O 5ha -1)；处理三：新型肥料1，施用“新型含糖含磷肥料1(葡萄糖)”425.0kg ha -1；处理四：新型肥料2，施用上述“新型含糖含磷肥料2(甘蔗糖蜜)”478.1kg ha -1。
试验结果如图2所示。施用新型含糖含磷肥料平均比对照处理增产22％(图2A)。与施磷肥处理相比，施用新型含糖含磷肥料在减少磷肥用量37.5％的情况下，玉米并未减产(图2A)。施用新型含糖含磷肥料后， 土壤酸性磷酸酶活性平均比对照不施磷处理提高14.5％，比施磷肥处理提高45.5％(图2B)，同时，施用新型含糖含磷肥料处理的磷肥偏生产力比施用磷肥处理提高了59％(图2C)。说明在农业生产中，应用本发明的肥料可以有效调控解磷(矿化有机磷)微生物活性、提高作物磷利用效率。
实施例3、棉花滴施新型含糖含磷肥料
1、本实施例的新型含糖含磷肥料的成分组成及其碳磷比如下：
新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)：碳磷比为1.44:1，葡萄糖85份(含碳40％，折合碳元素34份)，磷酸一铵90份(含P 2O 5 60％，折合磷元素23.6份)。
新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)：碳磷比为4.58:1，葡萄糖180份(含碳40％，折合碳元素72份)，磷酸一铵60份(含P 2O 5 60％，折合磷元素15.7份)。
2、制备和施用方法为：
采用滴施，在滴水时，称取上述份量的葡萄糖和磷酸一铵，按比例充分混匀，分别配制成低碳和高碳两种新型含糖含磷肥料粉剂。将新型含糖含磷肥料粉剂随其他肥料一起加入施肥罐中搅拌混匀，随水滴施。在出苗水时施入新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)，在出苗后第一水施入新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)。
3、以皮棉目标产量2.25t ha -1的膜下滴灌棉花种植模式为例。
新型含糖含磷肥料的施用方法包括新型肥料的类型、肥料全生育期的总用量和不同生育时期的用量。
棉花整个生育期施用上述新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)和新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)共415.1kg ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为145.3kg ha -1，含磷元素39.3kg P ha -1)。
在出苗水时，一次性施用上述新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)175.1kg ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为57.6kg ha -1，含磷元素23.6kg P ha -1)；
在出苗后第一水一次性施用新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)240.0kg  ha -1(折合碳、磷元素总用量为87.7kg ha -1，含磷元素15.7kg P ha -1)。
4、其余的施肥和田间管理与实际生产一致。
施用效果：
按照上述方法，在新疆石河子开展田间试验，共设置3个处理。处理一：对照，不施磷肥，其他肥料按生产常规足量供应；处理二：磷肥，施磷52.4kg P ha -1(120kg P 2O 5ha -1)；处理三：新型肥料，出苗水时施入新型含糖含磷肥料1(低碳型)175.1kg ha -1，在出苗后第一水施入新型含糖含磷肥料2(高碳型)240.0kg ha -1。
试验结果如图3所示。施用新型含糖含磷肥料处理皮棉产量比对照增加23.8％；在减磷25％的条件下，施用新型肥料处理皮棉产量比施磷肥处理增加7.7％(图3A)。在产量水平一致的条件下，施用新型含糖含磷肥料处理磷肥偏生产力比施用磷肥提高43.6％(图3B)，磷肥利用率提高3.6个百分点(图3C)。与对照相比，施用新型含糖含磷肥料后水溶性磷浓度、酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤呼吸分别增加了14.8％，5.0％和55.7％。与施磷肥处理相比，施用新型肥料后土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤呼吸分别增加了16.2％和46.3％(图3D、图3E、图3F)。上述结果说明，施用新型肥料，提高了土壤微生物的活性，使磷酸酶活性显著提高，土壤水溶性磷浓度显著增加，土壤供磷能力增强，提高了作物产量和磷利用效率。
实施例4、盆栽棉花施用新型含糖含磷肥料
1、本实施例的新型含糖含磷肥料的成分组成及其碳磷比如下：
新型含糖含磷肥料1：碳磷比为6.58:1，葡萄糖375份(含碳40％，折合碳元素150份)，磷酸二氢钾100份(含P 22.79％，折合磷元素22.79份)。
新型含糖含磷肥料2：碳磷比为13.16:1，葡萄糖750份(含碳40％，折合碳元素300份)，磷酸二氢钾100份(含P 22.79％，折合磷元素22.79份)。
新型含糖含磷肥料3：碳磷比为21.94:1，葡萄糖1250份(含碳40％，折合碳元素500份)，磷酸二氢钾100份(含P 22.79％，折合磷元 素22.79份)。
2、制备和施用方法为：
播种前将上述份量的葡萄糖和磷酸二氢钾按比例与土壤充分混匀，然后播种。
3、以盆栽棉花为例。
在播种前，将4.75g kg -1新型含糖含磷肥料1，8.50g kg -1新型含糖含磷肥料2，13.50g kg -1新型含糖含磷肥料3与土壤混合均匀，浇透水后播种。每盆定苗两株，棉花生长80天后收获。
施用效果：
按照上述方法，在中国农业大学温室开展盆栽实验，共设置5个处理。处理一：对照，不施磷肥；处理二：磷肥，施磷0.228g P kg -1；处理三：含糖含磷肥料1，施入4.75g kg -1新型含糖含磷肥料；处理四：含糖含磷肥料2，施入8.50g kg -1新型含糖含磷肥料；处理五：含糖含磷肥料3，施入13.50g kg -1新型含糖含磷肥料。
试验结果如图4所示。与对照相比，施用磷肥处理，棉花生物量显著提高。当施入的新型糖含磷肥料碳磷比为6.58:1和13.16:1时，棉花生物量显著高于对照处理。然而，当施入的新型含糖含磷肥料碳磷比达到21.94:1时，棉花生长受到了极大抑制，地上生物量显著低于对照和施磷处理。上述结果说明，新型含糖含磷肥料的碳磷比不宜超过21.94:1。
工业应用
本发明人通过大量的研究发现，将含碳化合物与含磷的化学肥料按照碳磷元素质量比例(即碳磷比)1～15:1混合后施入土壤，可以显著提高土壤中的土著解磷功能微生物的活性，提高磷素在土壤中的有效性，进而促进作物生长、提高磷肥利用效率。例如，我们通过模拟实验发现，施用化学磷肥和含碳化合物的混合物(碳磷元素比例为1～13.3:1)时，土壤微生物活性和磷酸酶活性显著增加，作物生长和磷吸收效率得到显著提高。在田间试验中，我们发现每公顷农田混合施用含有磷元素32.67kg的化学磷肥和含有48～180kg碳元素的含碳化合物(对应的碳磷比范围为1.5～5.5:1) 时，土壤呼吸加强、土壤磷酸酶活性和水溶性磷含量增加，作物产量显著提高。本发明人研究还发现，在碳磷投入比例达到21.9:1时，棉花生长显著受到抑制。
综上所述，本发明提供的新型肥料含有刺激微生物生长和活性的碳源，施用后，可以调控土壤微生物的解磷活性、提高磷利用效率，增加作物产量。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含糖含磷肥料，包括水溶性含碳化合物与含磷化合物；
    所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比为1～15：1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含糖含磷肥料，其特征在于：所述水溶性含碳化合物中的碳元素与所述含磷化合物中的磷元素的质量比为1～4：1或4～15：1。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的含糖含磷肥料，其特征在于：所述水溶性含碳化合物选自葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘蔗糖蜜和甜菜糖蜜中至少一种；
    所述甘蔗糖蜜和所述甜菜糖蜜的含糖量为40～100％；具体为85％。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的含糖含磷肥料，其特征在于：所述含磷化合物选自磷酸和磷酸盐中至少一种；
    所述磷酸盐具体选自磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸脲和聚磷酸铵中至少一种；
    所述聚磷酸铵的聚合度为2～10。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的含糖含磷肥料，其特征在于：所述含糖含磷肥料由所述水溶性含碳化合物、所述含磷化合物和水组成；
    所述水与所述水溶性含碳化合物的质量比为1～3:10。
  6. 权利要求1-5任一所述含糖含磷肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
    按照配比将各组分混匀，得到所述含糖含磷肥料。
  7. 权利要求1-5任一所述含糖含磷肥料在施肥中的应用。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于：所述施肥中，所述含糖含磷肥料的施用量为每公顷农田中施用90～525kg。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的应用，其特征在于：施肥对象为玉米、棉花或苜蓿；
    施肥次数为1～3次；
    施肥方式为滴施、条施或穴施。
  10. 权利要求1-5任一所述含糖含磷肥料在如下任意一种中的应用：
    a、提高土壤中的土著解磷功能微生物的活性；
    b、提高磷素在土壤中的有效性；
    c、促进作物生长；
    d、提高磷肥利用效率。
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