WO2022069292A1 - Heat exchanger having thermoelectric generator - Google Patents
Heat exchanger having thermoelectric generator Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022069292A1 WO2022069292A1 PCT/EP2021/075908 EP2021075908W WO2022069292A1 WO 2022069292 A1 WO2022069292 A1 WO 2022069292A1 EP 2021075908 W EP2021075908 W EP 2021075908W WO 2022069292 A1 WO2022069292 A1 WO 2022069292A1
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- heat exchanger
- outer tube
- inner tube
- tube
- medium
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
- F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger with at least one thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage based on a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap between the inner tube and the outer tube arises.
- the invention also relates to a firing device with a heat exchanger according to the invention.
- thermoelectric generators can be used at firing points, such as fireplaces. By using the waste heat from the exhaust line, electricity is generated using the Seebeck effect. This can be used to operate the system itself or fed to another power consumer.
- the heat generated by the combustion and transported in the exhaust gas is used to apply heat to one side of a thermocouple, for example a Peltier element.
- the thermocouple is acted upon on an opposite side by a medium that is less warm than the exhaust gas, for example water. The temperature difference at the thermocouple ultimately generates electrical energy, which can then be used.
- thermocouples can be integrated directly into the walls of the combustion chamber and/or into or onto the walls of the exhaust-gas-carrying elements.
- thermoelectric generators directly installed in the combustion chamber because in this case the cycle of the less warm medium must also be routed into the combustion chamber.
- thermoelectric element enables improved use of the heat generated by the combustion to generate electrical energy.
- firing device with a heat exchanger according to the invention.
- thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage due to a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap is formed between between the inner tube and the outer tube, the at least one thermoelectric element being arranged in the annular gap and the first interface of the thermoelectric module being in thermally conductive contact with the outer wall of the inner tube and the second interface being in thermally conductive contact with the inner wall of the outer tube.
- the inner tube and the outer tube can be both straight and curved or, for example, spiral-shaped, as long as both tubes have the same shape and essentially only differ from one another by a different diameter.
- An annular gap is thus formed between the two tubes, which can be filled with at least one or with a plurality of thermoelectric elements.
- thermoelectric element is formed, for example, by a plurality of semiconductor elements that are electrically connected to one another. So-called n-doped and so-called p-doped semiconductors are preferably used. These are each arranged alternately, with one of the outer surfaces of the Semiconductors, a first interface, faces a region of higher heat and the respectively opposite outer surface of the semiconductors, the second interface, faces a region of lower heat. In each case two semiconductor elements that are adjacent to one another are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via so-called bridge elements. In this case, the bridge elements are each seated alternately on the first boundary surfaces and the second boundary surfaces. In this way, a thermoelectric element is formed. The voltage generated can be fed to a load via electrical contacting of the respective first semiconductor element and the respective last semiconductor element of the thermoelectric element.
- a first medium can flow through the inner tube, while a second medium flows around the outer tube.
- the two media preferably have the greatest possible temperature difference from one another, so that one of the media is always warmer relative to the other medium.
- a temperature difference is generated on the walls of the tubes via the two media, which consequently also occurs at the interfaces of the thermoelectric element, as a result of which electrical energy can be obtained using the Seebeck effect.
- the warmer medium is preferably formed by the exhaust gas from a firing device.
- the less warm medium is preferably formed by air or water.
- the less warm medium is supplied from the outside. Sufficiently temperature-resistant feed and discharge lines are preferably provided for this purpose.
- the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged concentrically with one another.
- the concentric arrangement with respect to one another results in the annular gap already described, which is used to accommodate the thermoelectric element or the thermoelectric elements.
- the inner tube and the outer tube are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner at the free ends. This is particularly advantageous in order to keep the annular gap free from the two media flowing through or around the tubes.
- the fluid-tight seal itself or an area directly adjacent thereto has a feedthrough for at least one electrical conductor in each case, so that the at least one thermoelectric element can be electrically contacted.
- a preferred exemplary embodiment is characterized in that the heat exchanger formed from the inner tube and the outer tube is formed in a spiral shape.
- a spiral design is particularly advantageous in order to be able to integrate a heat exchanger with the greatest possible length within a limited volume of space, such as a combustion chamber or an exhaust pipe.
- thermoelectric element is formed by n-type (n-doped semiconductor) and p-type (p-doped semiconductor) materials, which are arranged alternately inside the heat exchanger and in series and/or parallel to each other electrically are interconnected. It is also possible for a plurality of semiconductor elements to be connected together in series to form semiconductor groups, with these semiconductor groups preferably in turn being connected in parallel with one another.
- Semiconductor elements that are directly adjacent to one another are either spaced far enough apart from one another that an electrical short circuit is avoided, or alternatively an electrical insulator, for example in the form of an insulating material, can be arranged between the semiconductor elements that are directly adjacent to one another.
- the inner tube and/or the outer tube are electrically insulated from the thermoelectric elements arranged in the annular gap.
- a coating can be provided on the walls of the tubes if they are made of a fundamentally electrically conductive material.
- the tubes can also be produced from an electrically non-conductive material, for example a ceramic.
- the axial end regions of the annular gap are formed by potential elements which run at least partially in the circumferential direction and serve to discharge the voltage.
- the potential elements are used for electrical contacting of the interconnected thermoelectric elements. These potential elements can be formed, for example, by ring-shaped metallic elements, which are connected to the last semiconductor element electrically conductive contact. In addition to the task of electrical contacting, the fluid-tight closure of the annular gap can also be ensured via the potential elements.
- the potential elements can thus also form a type of housing cover or be part of one that covers the annular gap and closes it to the outside.
- thermoelectric elements are arranged and connected in parallel to one another in the circumferential direction of the annular gap, the respective last semiconductor elements adjacent to the potential element are preferably also electrically connected to it here.
- thermoelectric element is formed by ring-shaped semiconductor elements which are stacked on top of one another in the axial direction of the tubes.
- a further preferred design provides for semiconductor elements which only extend along a partial section in the circumferential direction of the annular gap.
- the semiconductor elements may be in the form of thin rectangular discs arranged side by side along the axial extent of the tubes. These preferably have a thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
- the insulator arranged between the mutually adjacent semiconductor materials can preferably have an identical design as the semiconductor elements used in each case.
- the object with regard to the firing device is solved by a firing device having the features of claim 9 .
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a firing device with at least one combustion chamber and with at least one exhaust gas-carrying line, with a heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims being integrated into the combustion chamber or the exhaust gas-carrying line, the inner wall of the inner tube being acted upon by a first medium and the outer wall of the outer tube is acted upon by a second medium, there being a temperature difference between the first medium and the second medium.
- a firing device can be formed, for example, by an oven or a heater, in which a substance is burned for the purpose of generating heat.
- the exhaust gas produced during combustion which has a high temperature level relative to the environment, is preferred as the warmer one both media used.
- the second medium which has a lower temperature level, can be formed by ambient air or water, for example. Active cooling of the less warm medium can also be provided in order to further increase the temperature difference at the thermoelectric elements.
- a media supply device through which a medium can be supplied to the outer surface of the outer tube or the inner surface of the inner tube.
- the less warm medium must be fed to the heat exchanger via suitable feeds.
- the warmer medium which is usually formed by the exhaust gas itself, is already present on site during operation.
- the heat exchanger itself forms the exhaust pipe of the firing device.
- the inner tube here forms the flow path for the warmer medium, with the outer wall of the outer tube being surrounded by the less warm medium.
- the outer tube can also be surrounded by a jacket, a flow space for the less warm medium being formed between the outer wall of the outer tube and the jacket.
- a fluid line for example a hose or a flexible tube, to be provided on the outer wall of the outer tube, through which the less warm medium is conducted. It is important here that the best possible heat transport is achieved between this fluid line and the outer wall of the heat exchanger.
- thermoelectric elements in the heat exchanger is advantageous because this allows the heat transfer surfaces in particular to be significantly enlarged.
- space available for accommodating the thermoelectric elements can be significantly increased, as a result of which the overall electrical efficiency is improved compared to a thermoelectric generator of the same structural volume of conventional design.
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat exchanger having at least one thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage owing to a temperature difference across two boundary surfaces of the thermoelectric element, having an inner tube and an outer tube, wherein the inner tube is arranged inside the outer tube such that an annular gap is produced between the inner tube and the outer tube, wherein the at least one thermoelectric element is arranged in the annular gap, and the first boundary surface of the thermoelectric module is in heat-conducting contact with the outer wall of the inner tube, and the second boundary surface is in heat-conducting contact with the inner wall of the outer tube. The invention also relates to a combustion device having a heat exchanger.
Description
Beschreibung description
Wärmetauscher mit thermoelektrischem Generator Heat exchanger with thermoelectric generator
Technisches Gebiet technical field
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher mit zumindest einem thermoelektrischen Element zur Erzeugung einer elektrischen Spannung aufgrund einer Temperaturdifferenz über zwei Grenzflächen des thermoelektrischen Elementes hinweg, mit einem Innenrohr und einem Außenrohr, wobei das Innenrohr derart in dem Außenrohr angeordnet ist, dass ein ringförmiger Spalt zwischen dem Innenrohr und dem Außenrohr entsteht. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung einer Feuerungsvorrichtung mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher. The invention relates to a heat exchanger with at least one thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage based on a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap between the inner tube and the outer tube arises. The invention also relates to a firing device with a heat exchanger according to the invention.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie können thermoelektrische Generatoren an Feuerungsstellen, wie beispielsweise Kaminöfen, eingesetzt werden. Durch die Nutzung der Abwärme aus dem Abgasstrang wird unter Nutzung des See- beck-Effekts Strom erzeugt. Dieser kann zum Betrieb der Anlage selbst verwendet werden oder einem anderen Stromverbraucher zugeführt werden. Die durch die Verbrennung erzeugte und im Abgas transportierte Wärme wird genutzt, um ein Thermoelement, beispielsweise ein Peltier-Element, einseitig mit Wärme zu beaufschlagen. Das Thermoelement wird auf einer gegenüberliegenden Seite mit einem relativ zum Abgas weniger warmen Medium, beispielsweise Wasser, beaufschlagt. Durch die Temperaturdifferenz am Thermoelement wird schließlich elektrische Energie erzeugt, welche dann genutzt werden kann. To generate electrical energy, thermoelectric generators can be used at firing points, such as fireplaces. By using the waste heat from the exhaust line, electricity is generated using the Seebeck effect. This can be used to operate the system itself or fed to another power consumer. The heat generated by the combustion and transported in the exhaust gas is used to apply heat to one side of a thermocouple, for example a Peltier element. The thermocouple is acted upon on an opposite side by a medium that is less warm than the exhaust gas, for example water. The temperature difference at the thermocouple ultimately generates electrical energy, which can then be used.
Thermoelemente können einerseits direkt in die Wandungen der Brennkammer integriert werden und/oder in beziehungsweise an die Wandungen der abgasführenden Elemente. On the one hand, thermocouples can be integrated directly into the walls of the combustion chamber and/or into or onto the walls of the exhaust-gas-carrying elements.
Nachteilig an dem im Stand der Technik bekannten Vorrichtungen ist insbesondere, dass die verwendete Bauart keine optimale Nutzung der Wärmeenergie aus dem Verbrennungsprozess ermöglicht, da der Übertrag der Wärmeenergie aus der Brennkammer über die Thermoelemente auf das weniger warme Medium nicht optimal ist. Auch ist es nachteilig, wenn die thermoelektrischen Generatoren direkt
in die Brennkammer eingebaut werden, denn in diesem Fall muss der Kreislauf des weniger warmen Mediums ebenfalls in die Brennkammer hinein geführt werden. A particular disadvantage of the devices known from the prior art is that the design used does not allow optimal use of the thermal energy from the combustion process, since the transfer of thermal energy from the combustion chamber via the thermocouples to the less warm medium is not optimal. Also it is disadvantageous if the thermoelectric generators directly installed in the combustion chamber, because in this case the cycle of the less warm medium must also be routed into the combustion chamber.
Darstellung der Erfindung, Aufgabe, Lösung, Vorteile Presentation of the invention, task, solution, advantages
Daher ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung einen Wärmetauscher mit zumindest einem integrierten thermoelektrischen Element zu schaffen, welcher eine verbesserte Nutzung der von der Verbrennung erzeugten Wärme zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie ermöglicht. Außerdem ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Feuerungsvorrichtung mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher zu schaffen. It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a heat exchanger with at least one integrated thermoelectric element, which enables improved use of the heat generated by the combustion to generate electrical energy. In addition, it is the object of the invention to create a firing device with a heat exchanger according to the invention.
Die Aufgabe hinsichtlich des Wärmetauschers wird durch einen Wärmetauscher mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. The object with regard to the heat exchanger is solved by a heat exchanger having the features of claim 1 .
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher mit zumindest einem thermoelektrischen Element zur Erzeugung einer elektrischen Spannung aufgrund einer Temperaturdifferenz über zwei Grenzflächen des thermoelektrischen Elementes hinweg, mit einem Innenrohr und einem Außenrohr, wobei das Innenrohr derart in dem Außenrohr angeordnet ist, dass ein ringförmiger Spalt zwischen dem Innenrohr und dem Außenrohr entsteht, wobei in dem ringförmigen Spalt das zumindest eine thermoelektrische Element angeordnet ist und die erste Grenzfläche des thermoelektrischen Moduls mit der Außenwandung des Innenrohrs in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht und die zweite Grenzfläche mit der Innenwandung des Außenrohrs in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht. One embodiment of the invention relates to a heat exchanger with at least one thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage due to a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap is formed between between the inner tube and the outer tube, the at least one thermoelectric element being arranged in the annular gap and the first interface of the thermoelectric module being in thermally conductive contact with the outer wall of the inner tube and the second interface being in thermally conductive contact with the inner wall of the outer tube.
Das Innenrohr und das Außenrohr können sowohl gerade als auch gebogen oder beispielsweise spiralförmig ausgeführt sein, solange beide Rohre entsprechen gleich ausgeformt sind und sich im Wesentlichen nur durch einen unterschiedlichen Durchmesser voneinander unterscheiden. Zwischen den beiden Rohren wird somit ein ringförmiger Spalt ausgebildet, welcher mit zumindest einem oder mit mehreren thermoelektrischen Elementen gefüllt werden kann. The inner tube and the outer tube can be both straight and curved or, for example, spiral-shaped, as long as both tubes have the same shape and essentially only differ from one another by a different diameter. An annular gap is thus formed between the two tubes, which can be filled with at least one or with a plurality of thermoelectric elements.
Ein thermoelektrisches Element ist beispielsweise durch eine Mehrzahl von Halbleiterelementen gebildet, die elektrisch miteinander verschaltet sind. Bevorzugt kommen sogenannten n-dotierte und sogenannte p-dotierte Halbleiter zum Einsatz. Diese werden jeweils abwechselnd angeordnet, wobei eine der Außenflächen der
Halbleiter, eine erste Grenzfläche, einem Bereich höherer Wärme zugewandt ist und die jeweils gegenüberliegende Außenfläche der Halbleiter, die zweite Grenzfläche, einem Bereich geringerer Wärme zugewandt ist. Jeweils zwei zueinander benachbarte Halbleiterelemente werden über sogenannte Brückenelemente miteinander elektrisch leitend verbunden. Die Brückenelemente sitzen hierbei jeweils abwechselnd auf den ersten Grenzflächen und den zweiten Grenzflächen. Auf diese Weise wird ein thermoelektrisches Element ausgebildet. Über eine elektrische Kontaktierung des jeweils ersten Halbleiterelementes und des jeweils letzten Halbleiterelementes des thermoelektrischen Elements kann die erzeugte Spannung einem Verbraucher zugeführt werden. A thermoelectric element is formed, for example, by a plurality of semiconductor elements that are electrically connected to one another. So-called n-doped and so-called p-doped semiconductors are preferably used. These are each arranged alternately, with one of the outer surfaces of the Semiconductors, a first interface, faces a region of higher heat and the respectively opposite outer surface of the semiconductors, the second interface, faces a region of lower heat. In each case two semiconductor elements that are adjacent to one another are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via so-called bridge elements. In this case, the bridge elements are each seated alternately on the first boundary surfaces and the second boundary surfaces. In this way, a thermoelectric element is formed. The voltage generated can be fed to a load via electrical contacting of the respective first semiconductor element and the respective last semiconductor element of the thermoelectric element.
Das Innenrohr kann von einem ersten Medium durchströmt werden, während das Außenrohr von einem zweiten Medium umströmt wird. Die beiden Medien haben bevorzugt eine möglichst große Temperaturdifferenz zueinander, so dass immer eines der Medien relativ zu dem anderen Medium wärmer ist. Über die beiden Medien wird an den Wandungen der Rohre ein Temperaturunterschied erzeugt, welcher sich in Folge dessen auch an den Grenzflächen des thermoelektrischen Elementes einstellt, wodurch unter Ausnutzung des Seebeck-Effektes elektrische Energie gewonnen werden kann. A first medium can flow through the inner tube, while a second medium flows around the outer tube. The two media preferably have the greatest possible temperature difference from one another, so that one of the media is always warmer relative to the other medium. A temperature difference is generated on the walls of the tubes via the two media, which consequently also occurs at the interfaces of the thermoelectric element, as a result of which electrical energy can be obtained using the Seebeck effect.
Für das Funktionieren des Wärmetauschers ist es dabei unerheblich, ob das wärmere Medium im Innenrohr oder um das Außenrohr strömt. For the functioning of the heat exchanger, it is irrelevant whether the warmer medium flows in the inner tube or around the outer tube.
Bevorzugt wird das wärmere Medium durch das Abgas einer Feuerungsvorrichtung gebildet. Das weniger warme Medium ist bevorzugt durch Luft oder Wasser gebildet. Das weniger warme Medium wird von außen zugeführt. Hierfür sind bevorzugt ausreichend temperaturresistente Zu- und Ableitungen vorgesehen. The warmer medium is preferably formed by the exhaust gas from a firing device. The less warm medium is preferably formed by air or water. The less warm medium is supplied from the outside. Sufficiently temperature-resistant feed and discharge lines are preferably provided for this purpose.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Innenrohr und das Außenrohr konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind. Durch die konzentrische Anordnung zueinander, entsteht der bereits beschriebene ringförmige Spalt, welcher zur Aufnahme des thermoelektrischen Elementes beziehungsweise der thermoelektrischen Elemente dient. It is particularly advantageous if the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged concentrically with one another. The concentric arrangement with respect to one another results in the annular gap already described, which is used to accommodate the thermoelectric element or the thermoelectric elements.
Auch ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Innenrohr und das Außenrohr an den freien Enden fluiddicht miteinander verbunden sind. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, um den ringförmigen Spalt frei von den beiden die Rohre durchströmenden beziehungsweise umströmenden Medien zu halten. Bevorzugt weist die fluiddichte Abdichtung
selbst oder ein direkt dazu benachbarter Bereich eine Durchführung für jeweils zumindest einen elektrischen Leiter auf, so dass das zumindest ein thermoelektrisches Element elektrisch kontaktiert werden kann. It is also advantageous if the inner tube and the outer tube are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner at the free ends. This is particularly advantageous in order to keep the annular gap free from the two media flowing through or around the tubes. Preferably, the fluid-tight seal itself or an area directly adjacent thereto has a feedthrough for at least one electrical conductor in each case, so that the at least one thermoelectric element can be electrically contacted.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der aus dem Innenrohr und dem Außenrohr ausgebildete Wärmetauscher spiralförmig ausgebildet ist. Eine spiralförmige Bauart ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, um innerhalb eines begrenzten Raumvolumens, wie beispielsweise einer Brennkammer oder einer Abgasleitung, einen Wärmetaucher mit einer möglichst großen Länge integrieren zu können. A preferred exemplary embodiment is characterized in that the heat exchanger formed from the inner tube and the outer tube is formed in a spiral shape. A spiral design is particularly advantageous in order to be able to integrate a heat exchanger with the greatest possible length within a limited volume of space, such as a combustion chamber or an exhaust pipe.
Auch ist es zu bevorzugen, wenn das thermoelektrische Element durch n-typ (n-dotierte Halbleiter) und p-typ (p-dotierte Halbleiter) Materialien gebildet ist, welche abwechselnd innerhalb des Wärmetauschers angeordnet sind und in Reihe und/oder parallel zueinander elektrisch miteinander verschaltet sind. Es können auch mehrere Halbleiterelemente in Reihe miteinander zu Halbleitergruppen zusammengeschaltet werden, wobei dieser Halbleitergruppen bevorzugt wiederum parallel zueinander verschaltet werden. Also, it is preferable if the thermoelectric element is formed by n-type (n-doped semiconductor) and p-type (p-doped semiconductor) materials, which are arranged alternately inside the heat exchanger and in series and/or parallel to each other electrically are interconnected. It is also possible for a plurality of semiconductor elements to be connected together in series to form semiconductor groups, with these semiconductor groups preferably in turn being connected in parallel with one another.
Direkt zueinander benachbarte Halbleiterelemente sind entweder räumlich soweit zueinander beabstandet, dass ein elektrischer Kurzschluss vermieden wird, oder alternativ kann ein elektrischer Isolator, beispielsweise in Form eines Isolationsmaterials, zwischen den direkt zueinander benachbarten Halbleiterelementen angeordnet werden. Semiconductor elements that are directly adjacent to one another are either spaced far enough apart from one another that an electrical short circuit is avoided, or alternatively an electrical insulator, for example in the form of an insulating material, can be arranged between the semiconductor elements that are directly adjacent to one another.
Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Innenrohr und/oder das Außenrohr gegenüber den im Ringspalt angeordneten thermoelektrischen Elementen elektrisch isoliert sind. Hierfür kann beispielsweise eine Beschichtung auf den Wandungen der Rohre vorgesehen sein, sofern diese aus einem grundsätzlich elektrisch leitenden Material gefertigt sind. Alternativ können die Rohre auch aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden Material erzeugt sein, beispielsweise einer Keramik. In addition, it is advantageous if the inner tube and/or the outer tube are electrically insulated from the thermoelectric elements arranged in the annular gap. For this purpose, for example, a coating can be provided on the walls of the tubes if they are made of a fundamentally electrically conductive material. Alternatively, the tubes can also be produced from an electrically non-conductive material, for example a ceramic.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die axialen Endbereiche des ringförmigen Spalts durch in Umfangsrichtung zumindest teilweise umlaufende Potentialelemente gebildet sind, welche der Spannungsableitung dienen. Die Potentialelemente dienen zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der miteinander verschalteten thermoelektrischen Elemente. Diese Potentialelemente können beispielsweise durch ringförmige metallische Elemente gebildet sein, die mit dem jeweils letzten Halbleiterelement
elektrisch leitend in Kontakt stehen. Neben der Aufgabe der elektrischen Kontaktierung, kann über die Potentialelemente auch der fluiddichte Verschluss des Ringspaltes sichergestellt werden. Die Potentialelemente können somit auch eine Art Gehäusedeckel ausbilden oder Teil eines solchen sein, welcher den Ringspalt überdeckt und nach außen hin verschließt. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the axial end regions of the annular gap are formed by potential elements which run at least partially in the circumferential direction and serve to discharge the voltage. The potential elements are used for electrical contacting of the interconnected thermoelectric elements. These potential elements can be formed, for example, by ring-shaped metallic elements, which are connected to the last semiconductor element electrically conductive contact. In addition to the task of electrical contacting, the fluid-tight closure of the annular gap can also be ensured via the potential elements. The potential elements can thus also form a type of housing cover or be part of one that covers the annular gap and closes it to the outside.
Sofern in Umfangsrichtung des Ringspaltes mehrere thermoelektrische Elemente parallel zueinander angeordnet und verschaltet sind, sind bevorzugt auch hier die jeweils letzten zum Potentialelement benachbarten Halbleiterelemente mit diesem elektrisch verbunden. If several thermoelectric elements are arranged and connected in parallel to one another in the circumferential direction of the annular gap, the respective last semiconductor elements adjacent to the potential element are preferably also electrically connected to it here.
Auch ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das thermoelektrische Element durch ringförmige Halbleiterelemente gebildet ist, welche in axialer Richtung der Rohre aufeinandergestapelt sind. Eine weitere bevorzugte Bauform sieht Halbleiterelemente vor, die sich nur entlang eines Teilabschnittes in Umfangsrichtung des Ringspaltes erstrecken. Alternativ können die Halbleiterelemente als dünne rechteckige Scheiben ausgebildet sein, die entlang der axialen Erstreckung der Rohre nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Bevorzugt weisen diese eine Dicke von 1 bis 2 mm auf. It is also expedient if the thermoelectric element is formed by ring-shaped semiconductor elements which are stacked on top of one another in the axial direction of the tubes. A further preferred design provides for semiconductor elements which only extend along a partial section in the circumferential direction of the annular gap. Alternatively, the semiconductor elements may be in the form of thin rectangular discs arranged side by side along the axial extent of the tubes. These preferably have a thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
Der zwischen den jeweils zueinander benachbarten Halbleitermatenalien angeordnete Isolator kann bevorzugt eine identische Bauform wie die jeweils verwendeten Halbleiterelemente selbst aufweisen. The insulator arranged between the mutually adjacent semiconductor materials can preferably have an identical design as the semiconductor elements used in each case.
Die Aufgabe hinsichtlich der Feuerungsvorrichtung wird durch eine Feuerungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 9 gelöst. The object with regard to the firing device is solved by a firing device having the features of claim 9 .
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung betrifft eine Feuerungsvorrichtung mit zumindest einer Brennkammer und mit zumindest einem abgasführenden Strang, wobei in die Brennkammer oder den abgasführenden Strang ein Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche integriert ist, wobei die Innenwand des Innenrohrs mit einem ersten Medium beaufschlagt wird und die Außenwand des Außenrohrs mit einem zweiten Medium beaufschlagt wird, wobei zwischen dem ersten Medium und dem zweiten Medium ein Temperaturunterschied herrscht. An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a firing device with at least one combustion chamber and with at least one exhaust gas-carrying line, with a heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims being integrated into the combustion chamber or the exhaust gas-carrying line, the inner wall of the inner tube being acted upon by a first medium and the outer wall of the outer tube is acted upon by a second medium, there being a temperature difference between the first medium and the second medium.
Eine Feuerungsvorrichtung kann beispielsweise durch einen Ofen oder eine Heizung gebildet sein, in welcher zum Zwecke der Wärmeerzeugung ein Stoff verbrannt wird. Das bei der Verbrennung entstehende Abgas, welches ein relativ zur Umgebung hohes Temperaturniveau aufweist, wird bevorzugt als das wärmere der
beiden Medien genutzt. Das zweite Medium, welches ein niedrigeres Tempera- turniveau aufweist, kann beispielsweise durch Umgebungsluft oder Wasser gebildet sein. Auch das aktive Herabkühlen des weniger warmen Mediums ist vorsehbar, um die Temperaturdifferenz an den thermoelektrischen Elementen weiter zu erhöhen. A firing device can be formed, for example, by an oven or a heater, in which a substance is burned for the purpose of generating heat. The exhaust gas produced during combustion, which has a high temperature level relative to the environment, is preferred as the warmer one both media used. The second medium, which has a lower temperature level, can be formed by ambient air or water, for example. Active cooling of the less warm medium can also be provided in order to further increase the temperature difference at the thermoelectric elements.
Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine Medienzuführvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, durch welche ein Medium auf die Außenfläche des Außenrohres oder die Innenfläche des Innenrohres zuführbar ist. Insbesondere das weniger warme Medium muss über geeignete Zuführungen dem Wärmetauscher zugeführt werden. Das wärmere Medium, welche in der Regel durch das Abgas selbst gebildet ist, ist im Gegensatz dazu während des Betriebes bereits vor Ort vorhanden. In addition, it is advantageous if a media supply device is provided, through which a medium can be supplied to the outer surface of the outer tube or the inner surface of the inner tube. In particular, the less warm medium must be fed to the heat exchanger via suitable feeds. In contrast, the warmer medium, which is usually formed by the exhaust gas itself, is already present on site during operation.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung bildet der Wärmetauscher selbst die Abgasleitung der Feuerungsvorrichtung. Das Innenrohr bildet hier die Strömungsstrecke für das wärmere Medium, wobei die Außenwand der Außenrohrs von dem weniger warmen Medium umströmt wird. Auch kann das Außenrohr mit einem Mantel umgeben sein, wobei zwischen der Außenwand des Außenrohrs und dem Mantel ein Strömungsraum für das weniger warme Medium gebildet wird. Auch ist es vorsehbar, dass an der Außenwand des Außenrohrs eine Fluidleitung, beispielsweise ein Schlauch oder ein flexibles Rohr, vorgesehen ist, durch welche das weniger warme Medium geleitet wird. Wichtig hierbei ist, dass ein möglichst guter Wärmetransport zwischen dieser Fluidleitung und der Außenwand des Wärmetauschers erreicht wird. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger itself forms the exhaust pipe of the firing device. The inner tube here forms the flow path for the warmer medium, with the outer wall of the outer tube being surrounded by the less warm medium. The outer tube can also be surrounded by a jacket, a flow space for the less warm medium being formed between the outer wall of the outer tube and the jacket. It is also possible for a fluid line, for example a hose or a flexible tube, to be provided on the outer wall of the outer tube, through which the less warm medium is conducted. It is important here that the best possible heat transport is achieved between this fluid line and the outer wall of the heat exchanger.
Das Anordnen der thermoelektrischen Elemente in dem Wärmetauscher ist vorteilhaft, weil dadurch insbesondere die Wärmeübergangsflächen deutlich vergrößert werden können. Darüber hinaus kann der für die Aufnahme der thermoelektrischen Elemente zur Verfügung stehende Raum deutlich vergrößert werden, wodurch insgesamt der elektrische Wirkungsgrad gegenüber einem thermoelektrischen Generator gleichen Bauvolumens herkömmlicher Bauweise verbessert wird. Arranging the thermoelectric elements in the heat exchanger is advantageous because this allows the heat transfer surfaces in particular to be significantly enlarged. In addition, the space available for accommodating the thermoelectric elements can be significantly increased, as a result of which the overall electrical efficiency is improved compared to a thermoelectric generator of the same structural volume of conventional design.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.
Advantageous developments of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.
Claims
1. Wärmetauscher mit zumindest einem thermoelektrischen Element zur Erzeugung einer elektrischen Spannung aufgrund einer Temperaturdifferenz über zwei Grenzflächen des thermoelektrischen Elementes hinweg, mit einem Innenrohr und einem Außenrohr, wobei das Innenrohr derart in dem Außenrohr angeordnet ist, dass ein ringförmiger Spalt zwischen dem Innenrohr und dem Außenrohr entsteht, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass in dem ringförmigen Spalt das zumindest eine thermoelektrische Element angeordnet ist und die erste Grenzfläche des thermoelektrischen Moduls mit der Außenwandung des Innenrohrs in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht und die zweite Grenzfläche mit der Innenwandung des Außenrohrs in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht. 1. Heat exchanger with at least one thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage due to a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap between the inner tube and the The outer tube is formed because the at least one thermoelectric element is arranged in the annular gap and the first interface of the thermoelectric module is in thermally conductive contact with the outer wall of the inner tube and the second interface is in thermally conductive contact with the inner wall of the outer tube.
2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das Innenrohr und das Außenrohr konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind. 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged concentrically to one another.
3. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das Innenrohr und das Außenrohr an den freien Enden fluiddicht miteinander verbunden sind. 3. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the inner tube and the outer tube are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner at the free ends.
4. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der aus dem Innenrohr und dem Außenrohr ausgebildete Wärmetauscher spiralförmig ausgebildet ist.
Die beiden Rohre sind spiralförmig gebildet und somit kann der Wärmetauscher innerhalb der Brennkammer aufgewickelt werden. 4. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger formed from the inner tube and the outer tube is formed spirally. The two tubes are formed spirally and thus the heat exchanger can be coiled inside the combustor.
5. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das thermoelektrische Element durch n-typ und p-typ Materialien gebildet ist, welche abwechselnd innerhalb des Wärmetauschers angeordnet sind und in Reihe und/oder parallel zueinander elektrisch miteinander verschaltet sind. 5. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the thermoelectric element is formed by n-type and p-type materials, which are arranged alternately within the heat exchanger and are electrically connected to one another in series and/or parallel to one another.
6. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das Innenrohr und/oder das Außenrohr gegenüber den im Ringspalt angeordneten thermoelektrischen Elementen elektrisch isoliert sind.
8 Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die axialen Endbereiche des ringförmigen Spalts durch in Umfangsrichtung zumindest teilweise umlaufende Potentialelemente gebildet sind, welche der Spannungsableitung dienen. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das thermoelektrische Element durch ringförmige Halbleiterelemente gebildet ist, welche in axialer Richtung der Rohre aufeinandergestapelt sind. Feuerungsvorrichtung mit zumindest einer Brennkammer und mit zumindest einem abgasführenden Strang, wobei in die Brennkammer oder den abgasführenden Strang ein Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche integriert ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Innenwand des Innenrohrs mit einem ersten Medium beaufschlagt wird und die Außenwand des Außenrohrs mit einem zweiten Medium beaufschlagt wird, wobei zwischen dem ersten Medium und dem zweiten Medium ein Temperaturunterschied herrscht. Feuerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass eine Medienzuführvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, durch welche ein Medium auf die Außenfläche des Außenrohres oder die Innenfläche des Innenrohres zuführbar ist.
6. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner tube and / or the outer tube are electrically insulated from the thermoelectric elements arranged in the annular gap. 8 Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial end regions of the annular gap are formed by at least partially circumferential potential elements in the circumferential direction, which are used for voltage dissipation. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoelectric element is formed by ring-shaped semiconductor elements which are stacked on top of one another in the axial direction of the tubes. Combustion device with at least one combustion chamber and with at least one exhaust gas-carrying line, wherein a heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims is integrated into the combustion chamber or the exhaust gas-carrying line, characterized in that the inner wall of the inner tube is acted upon by a first medium and the outer wall of the outer tube is acted upon by a second medium is applied, there being a temperature difference between the first medium and the second medium. Combustion device according to Claim 9, characterized in that a media supply device is provided, through which a medium can be supplied to the outer surface of the outer tube or the inner surface of the inner tube.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21782902.7A EP4222789A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 | 2021-09-21 | Heat exchanger having thermoelectric generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020212473.6A DE102020212473B3 (en) | 2020-10-01 | 2020-10-01 | Heat exchanger with thermoelectric generator |
| DE102020212473.6 | 2020-10-01 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2022069292A1 true WO2022069292A1 (en) | 2022-04-07 |
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| PCT/EP2021/075908 WO2022069292A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 | 2021-09-21 | Heat exchanger having thermoelectric generator |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4222789A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102020212473B3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022069292A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114943105A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-08-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for optimizing performance of annular thermoelectric generator containing spiral bands |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102022123350A1 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-14 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Heating system with a burner and a recuperator |
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| ITMI20100453A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-20 | Poliedra S R L | FLUE. |
| DE102011081565A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2013-02-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas turbine arrangement, power plant and method for its operation |
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2020
- 2020-10-01 DE DE102020212473.6A patent/DE102020212473B3/en active Active
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- 2021-09-21 EP EP21782902.7A patent/EP4222789A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-09-21 WO PCT/EP2021/075908 patent/WO2022069292A1/en unknown
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| US4095998A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-06-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Thermoelectric voltage generator |
| JPS61254082A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-11 | Suzuki Motor Co Ltd | Power generator utilizing exhaust heat |
| EP1780807A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-05-02 | Aruze Corporation | Thermoelectric conversion module |
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| CN114943105B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-29 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for optimizing performance of annular thermoelectric generator containing spiral bands |
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| DE102020212473B3 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| EP4222789A1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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