WO2022056990A1 - 一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法 - Google Patents

一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022056990A1
WO2022056990A1 PCT/CN2020/121826 CN2020121826W WO2022056990A1 WO 2022056990 A1 WO2022056990 A1 WO 2022056990A1 CN 2020121826 W CN2020121826 W CN 2020121826W WO 2022056990 A1 WO2022056990 A1 WO 2022056990A1
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heat
heat exchanger
outlet
flue gas
inlet
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PCT/CN2020/121826
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姬海民
徐党旗
周飞
徐梦茜
李文锋
申冀康
董方奇
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西安热工研究院有限公司
西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022056990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022056990A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/04—Controlling superheat temperature by regulating flue gas flow, e.g. by proportioning or diverting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of deep peak regulation of thermal power plants, and relates to a thermal power plant coupled high-efficiency compression heat pump energy storage peak regulation system and method.
  • thermal power plants have also changed at the same time, from the main power supply to participating in the deep peak regulation of the power grid.
  • the state has introduced a subsidy policy for in-depth peak-shaving electricity prices, which has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of thermal power plants to carry out in-depth peak-shaving transformation of units.
  • thermal power is facing the risk of structural overcapacity, and new energy is facing great pressure to accommodate.
  • Thermal power is bound to make way for the development of new energy.
  • Thermal power units face deep peak regulation. For the "Three North" regions, the conflict between wind and fire during the heating period is particularly prominent. The best period of wind resources is during the winter heating period.
  • thermal power units in some provinces is too high, and other types of peak-shaving power sources are relatively scarce.
  • the growing demand for heating and the continuous increase in clean energy installations have resulted in very limited space for peak shaving.
  • most of the thermal power is cogeneration units, and the peak shaving capacity is only 10%, which affects the consumption of new energy and the incremental development of new energy. , so that the thermal power unit can only achieve deep peak regulation through transformation.
  • the units participating in the deep peak shaving operation deviate from the design value for a long time, resulting in a decrease in the safety and economy of the units.
  • the transformed units Judging from the technologies adopted and the practice of transformation, the transformed units have to varying degrees the safety problems of low-load stable combustion of boilers and hydrodynamic circulation, full-load denitrification devices and low-load cooling of steam turbines, long-term low-load and rapid.
  • the flexibility of the control system when the load is variable, the problem of equipment operating cycle and life attenuation, and the thermo-decoupling of the heating unit need to be further tackled and optimized.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a thermal power plant coupled high-efficiency compression heat pump energy storage peak regulation system and method, which can meet the requirements of flexible and deep peak regulation of thermal power plants, and has Features of high safety and economy.
  • the thermal power plant coupled high-efficiency compression heat pump energy storage peak regulation system of the present invention includes a boiler, a turbine, a generator, a power switch, a compressor, a freon-flue gas heat exchanger, a condensing heat exchanger, Air compressor, throttle valve, evaporative heat exchanger, output pipeline, mixing header, heat network return water storage tank and heat network water supply water storage tank;
  • the high temperature superheater, low temperature superheater, economizer and SCR denitrification device are arranged in sequence in the flue gas flow direction in the tail flue of the boiler.
  • the outlet of the high temperature superheater is connected with the inlet of the turbine, and the output shaft of the turbine is connected to the The drive shaft is connected, and the output end of the generator is connected with the compressor through the power switch;
  • the tail flue is provided with a smoke outlet and a smoke inlet, wherein the smoke outlet is located between the high temperature superheater and the low temperature superheater, and the outlet of the smoke outlet is communicated with the exothermic side inlet of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger.
  • the discharge side outlet of the gas heat exchanger is communicated with the flue gas inlet, wherein the flue gas inlet is located between the economizer and the SCR denitration device;
  • the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the air compressor through the heat absorption side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger and the heat release side of the condensing heat exchanger, and the outlet of the air compressor is connected to the suction side of the evaporative heat exchanger through the throttle valve.
  • the hot side inlet is communicated, and the heat absorption side outlet of the evaporative heat exchanger is communicated with the compressor inlet;
  • the circulating cooling water outlet of the condenser is connected with the heat release side inlet of the evaporative heat exchanger, and the heat absorption side outlet of the evaporative heat exchanger is divided into two paths, one of which is connected with the output pipe, and the other is connected with the inlet of the mixing header
  • the outlet of the heat network return water storage tank is connected with the inlet of the mixing header
  • the outlet of the mixing header is connected with the heat-absorbing side inlet of the condensing heat exchanger
  • the heat-absorbing side outlet of the condensing heat exchanger is connected with the heat sink.
  • the inlets of the network water supply storage tanks are connected.
  • the outlet of the exhaust gas port is connected with the inlet of the exothermic side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger through the #1 electric gate valve and the high temperature and high pressure fan.
  • the outlet of the exothermic side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the flue gas inlet through the #2 electric gate valve.
  • the air compressor is a piston air compressor.
  • the heat-absorbing side outlet of the evaporative heat exchanger is divided into two paths after passing through the #1 electric regulating valve, one of which is connected with the output pipeline, and the other is connected with the inlet of the mixing header through the #2 electric regulating valve and the circulating water pump.
  • It also includes a heat network return water circulation pump and a heat network water supply circulation pump.
  • the outlet of the heat network return water circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the heat network return water storage tank; the outlet of the heat network water supply storage tank is connected to the heat network water supply circulation pump. .
  • the circulating cooling water outlet of the condenser is communicated with the heat releasing side inlet of the evaporative heat exchanger through the condenser circulating water pump.
  • a thermal power plant coupled high-efficiency compression heat pump energy storage peak regulation method includes the following steps:
  • the thermal power unit needs deep peak shaving, close the power switch to make the compressor energize and work, extract high-temperature flue gas through the exhaust port, and send it into the freon-flue gas heat exchanger for heat release, and the freon output by the compressor enters into the freon -Isobaric reheating is carried out in the flue gas heat exchanger, and the exothermic flue gas enters the tail flue, and then enters the SCR denitrification device for denitration treatment to reduce the heat absorption of the low temperature superheater and the economizer, thereby reducing the
  • the evaporation and power generation of the boiler can realize the peak regulation of the boiler, and at the same time increase the power consumption of the plant through the operation of the compressor, reduce the electricity provided to the outside world, and realize the peak regulation of the boiler;
  • the high temperature and high pressure medium output from the freon-flue gas heat exchanger enters the condensing heat exchanger for heat release, and the return water of the heat network and the cooling water output from the heat release side of the evaporative heat exchanger are mixed in the mixing header and then enter the condensing heat exchange
  • the heat is absorbed in the heat exchanger, and then stored in the water supply storage tank of the heat network;
  • the freon output from the heat release side of the condensing heat exchanger enters the air compressor, and the high pressure is used to push the piston to convert the high-pressure air for energy storage, and then throttling After the valve is depressurized, it enters the evaporative heat exchanger to exchange heat with the circulating cooling water to absorb the low-grade heat source in the circulating cooling water;
  • the power switch When the demand for power generation and power supply of the thermal power unit increases, the power switch is turned off, and the boiler runs alone to generate electricity. Increase power generation.
  • the power switch is closed, and the compressor starts to work. All the way to high temperature flue gas, and then the heat of high temperature flue gas is stored in the water supply water storage tank of the heating network through the freon-flue gas heat exchanger, condensing heat exchanger and evaporative heat exchanger to reduce the amount of steam entering the steam turbine, Then, the power generation of the generator is reduced, and at the same time, the generator provides power for the compressor, reducing the external power supply.
  • the power switch When the demand for power generation and power supply of the thermal power unit increases, the power switch is turned off, the compressor stops working, and the boiler runs alone to generate electricity. It can increase the power generation to meet the heating demand and meet the requirements of flexible and deep peak shaving of thermal power plants. It has the characteristics of simple system, high energy utilization efficiency and great potential for deep peak shaving. It is safer and more economical. high.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • 1 boiler
  • 2 high temperature superheater
  • 3 low temperature superheater
  • 4 economizer
  • 5 turbine
  • 6 generator
  • 7 power switch
  • 8 compressor
  • 9 freon-flue gas Heat exchanger
  • 10 condensation heat exchanger
  • 11 piston air compressor
  • 12 throttle valve
  • 13 evaporative heat exchanger
  • 14 is #1 electric gate valve
  • 15 is high temperature and high pressure fan
  • 16 is #2 electric Gate valve
  • 17 is the heating network water supply storage tank
  • 18 is the heating network water supply circulating pump
  • 19 is the heating network return water storage tank
  • 20 is the heating network return water circulating pump
  • 21 is the #1 electric regulating valve
  • 22 is the #2 electric Regulating valve
  • 23 is a circulating water pump
  • 24 is a mixing header
  • 25 is a condenser circulating water pump.
  • the thermal power plant coupled high-efficiency compression heat pump energy storage peak regulation system includes a boiler 1, a turbine 5, a generator 6, a power switch 7, a compressor 8, a freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9, Condensing heat exchanger 10, air compressor 11, throttle valve 12, evaporative heat exchanger 13, output pipeline, mixing header 24, heat network return water storage tank 19 and heat network water supply water storage tank 17;
  • the flue gas flow direction in the tail flue is sequentially provided with a high temperature superheater 2, a low temperature superheater 3, an economizer 4 and an SCR denitration device.
  • the outlet of the high temperature superheater 2 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 5, and the output shaft of the turbine 5 It is connected with the drive shaft of the generator 6, and the output end of the generator 6 is connected with the compressor 8 through the power switch 7; Between the superheaters 3, the outlet of the smoke port is communicated with the inlet of the exothermic side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9, and the outlet of the exothermic side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the inlet of the flue gas.
  • the gas inlet is located between the economizer 4 and the SCR denitration device; the outlet of the compressor 8 is connected to the inlet of the air compressor 11 through the heat absorption side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 and the heat release side of the condensing heat exchanger 10
  • the outlet of the air compressor 11 is communicated with the heat-absorbing side inlet of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 through the throttle valve 12, and the heat-absorbing side outlet of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 is communicated with the inlet of the compressor 8; the circulation of the condenser
  • the cooling water outlet is communicated with the heat release side inlet of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 , and the heat absorption side outlet of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 is divided into two paths, one of which is connected with the output pipe, and the other is connected with the inlet of the mixing header 24
  • the outlet of the heat network return water storage tank 19 is communicated with the inlet of the mixing header 24, and the outlet of the mixing header 24 is
  • the outlet of the smoke outlet is connected with the inlet of the exothermic side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 through the #1 electric gate valve 14 and the high temperature and high pressure fan 15; the outlet of the exothermic side of the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 is connected with the #2 electric gate valve 16 is communicated with the flue gas inlet.
  • the outlet of the heat-absorbing side of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 is divided into two paths after passing through the #1 electric regulating valve 21, one of which is connected to the output pipeline, and the other is the connection between the #2 electric regulating valve 22 and the circulating water pump 23 and the mixing header 24.
  • the entrance is connected.
  • the present invention also includes a heat network return water circulation pump 20 and a heat network water supply circulation pump 18.
  • the outlet of the heat network return water circulation pump 20 is communicated with the inlet of the heat network return water storage tank 19; the outlet of the heat network water supply storage tank 17 is connected to the The heating network water supply circulating pump 18 is connected.
  • the circulating cooling water outlet of the condenser and the heat releasing side inlet of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 are communicated through the condenser circulating water pump 25, and the air compressor 11 is a piston air compressor.
  • the thermal power plant coupling high-efficiency compression heat pump energy storage peak regulation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the boiler 4 absorbs heat, then reduces the evaporation and power generation of the boiler 1, realizes the peak regulation of the boiler 1, and at the same time increases the power consumption of the plant through the operation of the compressor 8, reduces the electricity provided to the outside world, and realizes the peak regulation of the boiler 1;
  • the high temperature and high pressure medium output from the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 enters the condensing heat exchanger 10 for heat release, and the return water of the heat network and the cooling water output from the heat release side of the evaporative heat exchanger 13 are mixed in the mixing header 24 and then enter the The heat is absorbed in the condensing heat exchanger 10, and then stored in the water supply water storage tank 17 of the heat network; the freon output from the heat release side of the condensing heat exchanger 10 enters the air compressor 11, and the high pressure is used to push the piston to convert the high-pressure air. Store energy, and then enter the evaporative heat exchanger 13 to exchange heat with the circulating cooling water after depressurizing the throttle valve 12, so as to absorb the low-grade heat source in the circulating cooling water;
  • the power switch 7 When the demand for power generation and power supply of the thermal power unit increases, the power switch 7 is turned off, and the boiler 1 operates alone to generate electricity. Pump air to increase power generation.
  • the operating load of the boiler 1 can reach 40%, and the excess 10% heat and power generation are stored and efficiently utilized through the high-efficiency compression pump system, that is, the high-temperature and high-pressure fan 15 extracts 5 ⁇ 10% of the high-temperature flue gas at 600°C is sent to the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 for heat release, and the 2MPa, 150°C freon output by the compressor 8 enters the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 for isobaric regeneration.
  • the exothermic flue gas enters the tail flue, and then enters the SCR denitrification device for denitration treatment, so as to reduce the heat absorption of the low temperature superheater 3 and the economizer 4, thereby reducing the evaporation of the boiler 1 and power generation, and achieve peak shaving of boiler 1.
  • the compressor 8 through the operation of the compressor 8, the power consumption of the plant is increased, the power supplied to the outside world is reduced, and the peak regulation of the boiler 1 is realized;
  • the 250°C, 2MPa high-temperature and high-pressure medium output from the freon-flue gas heat exchanger 9 enters the condensing heat exchanger 10 for heat release, and the 45°C heat network return water and the 10°C water output from the circulating water pump 23 are placed in the mixing header 24 After mixing, it enters the condensing heat exchanger 10 to absorb heat, heats the water to 95°C and stores it in the water supply water storage tank 17 of the heat network; the 60°C, 2MPa freon output from the heat release side of the condensing heat exchanger 10 enters the air pressure In the machine 11, the high pressure is used to push the piston, and the high-pressure air is converted to store energy, and then the working fluid is adjusted to 0.1 MPa, 0 °C through the throttle valve 12, and then sent to the evaporative heat exchanger 13 for exchange with circulating cooling water. Heat to absorb the low-grade heat source in the circulating cooling water, so that the temperature of the cooling water is reduced from 25 °C to 10
  • the power switch 7 When the demand for power generation and power supply of the thermal power unit increases, the power switch 7 is turned off, and the boiler 1 operates alone to generate electricity.
  • the heat supply required at this stage is supplied by the heat stored in the water supply storage tank 17 of the heating network to provide heat, reducing air extraction. Increase power generation.
  • the present invention improves the parameters of freon in the heat pump system, reduces the inlet water temperature of the condenser heat exchanger, and sets up a piston air compressor, so that the heat pump energy efficiency coefficient COP is greatly improved.

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Abstract

一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法，包括锅炉（1）、透平（5）、发电机（6）、电源开关（7）、压缩机（8）、氟利昂-烟气换热器（9）、冷凝换热器（10）、空压机（11）、节流阀（12）、蒸发换热器（13）、输出管道、混合集箱（24）、热网回水储水罐（19）及热网供水储水罐（17），该***及方法能够满足火电厂机组灵活深度调峰的要求，且具有安全性、经济性较高的特点。

Description

一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法 技术领域
本发明属于火电厂深度调峰领域，涉及一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法。
背景技术
随着近几年国家电力政策的变化，火电厂主要职能也同时发生转变，由供电主力转变为参与配合电网进行深度调峰。同时国家出台深度调峰电价补贴政策，大大刺激火电厂进行机组深度调峰改造的积极性。当前火电面临产能结构性过剩的风险，新能源面临极大的消纳压力。火电势必为了给新能源发展让路。火电机组面临着深度调峰。对于“三北”地区来说，供暖期的风火矛盾尤为突出，风力资源最好的时期正值冬季供暖期，加之部分省区热电机组占比过高、其他类别调峰电源相对匮乏，不断增长的供热需求和持续增加的清洁能源装机，造成调峰空间非常有限。特别是东北地区，火电绝大部分为热电联产机组，调峰能力仅为10％，影响新能源存量消纳和新能源增量发展，调峰容量的硬缺口造成部分区域新能源限电严重，致使热电机组唯有通过改造实现深度调峰。
目前，参与深度调峰的机组长时间偏离设计值运行，造成机组安全性经济性下降。从采取的技术和改造的实践来看，改造后的机组不同程度地存在锅炉低负荷稳燃和水动力循环的安全性问题、脱硝装置全负荷投入和汽轮机低负荷冷却问题、长期低负荷和快速变负荷时控制***的灵活性问题、设备运行周期和寿命衰减的问题以及供热机组热电解耦等 问题，都需要进一步攻关、优化解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法，该***及方法能够满足火电厂机组灵活深度调峰的要求，且具有安全性、经济性较高的特点。
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***包括锅炉、透平、发电机、电源开关、压缩机、氟利昂-烟气换热器、冷凝换热器、空压机、节流阀、蒸发换热器、输出管道、混合集箱、热网回水储水罐及热网供水储水罐；
锅炉的尾部烟道内烟气流动方向依次设置有高温过热器、低温过热器、省煤器及SCR脱硝装置，高温过热器的出口与透平的入口相连通，透平的输出轴与发电机的驱动轴相连接，发电机的输出端经电源开关与压缩机相连接；
尾部烟道上设置有抽烟气口及烟气入口，其中，抽烟气口位于高温过热器与低温过热器之间，抽烟气口的出口与氟利昂-烟气换热器的放热侧入口相连通，氟利昂-烟气换热器的放热侧出口与烟气入口相连通，其中，烟气入口位于省煤器与SCR脱硝装置之间；
压缩机的出口经氟利昂-烟气换热器的吸热侧及冷凝换热器的放热侧与空压机的入口相连通，空压机的出口经节流阀与蒸发换热器的吸热侧入口相连通，蒸发换热器的吸热侧出口与压缩机的入口相连通；
冷凝器的循环冷却水出口与蒸发换热器的放热侧入口相连通，蒸发换热器的吸热侧出口分为两路，其中一路与输出管道相连通，另一路与 混合集箱的入口相连通，热网回水储水罐的出口与混合集箱的入口相连通，混合集箱的出口与冷凝换热器的吸热侧入口相连通，冷凝换热器的吸热侧出口与热网供水储水罐的入口相连通。
抽烟气口的出口经#1电动闸阀及高温高压风机与氟利昂-烟气换热器的放热侧入口相连通。
氟利昂-烟气换热器的放热侧出口经#2电动闸阀与烟气入口相连通。
空压机为活塞式空压机。
蒸发换热器的吸热侧出口经#1电动调节阀后分为两路，其中一路与输出管道相连通，另一路经#2电动调节阀及循环水泵与混合集箱的入口相连通。
还包括热网回水循环泵及热网供水循环泵，热网回水循环泵的出口与热网回水储水罐的入口相连通；热网供水储水罐的出口与热网供水循环泵相连通。
冷凝器的循环冷却水出口与蒸发换热器的放热侧入口之间通过凝集器循环水泵相连通。
一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰方法包括以下步骤：
当火电机组需要深度调峰时，闭合电源开关，使压缩机通电工作,通过抽烟气口抽取高温烟气，并送入氟利昂-烟气换热器中进行放热，压缩机输出的氟利昂进入到氟利昂-烟气换热器中进行等压再加热，放热后的烟气进入到尾部烟道中，然后进入到SCR脱硝装置中进行脱硝处理，以减少低温过热器及省煤器吸热，继而减少锅炉的蒸发量及发电量，实 现锅炉调峰，同时通过压缩机运行增加厂用电，减少向外界提供的电量，实现锅炉调峰；
氟利昂-烟气换热器输出的高温高压介质进入冷凝换热器中进行放热，热网回水与蒸发换热器放热侧输出的冷却水在混合集箱中混合后进入到冷凝换热器中吸热，然后储存于热网供水储水罐内；冷凝换热器放热侧输出的氟利昂进入到空压机中，利用高压推动活塞，转化高压空气进行储能，然后再经节流阀降压后进入到蒸发换热器中与循环冷却水进行换热，以吸收循环冷却水中的低品位热源；
当火电机组发电供电需求增加时，则断开电源开关，锅炉单独运行发电运行，此时，所需的供热量通过热网供水储水罐内储存的热量进行供热，以减少抽气，提高发电量。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***及方法在具体操作时，当机组需要进行深度调峰时，则闭合电源开关，压缩机开始工作，从锅炉的尾部烟道中引出一路高温烟气，然后将高温烟气的热量通过氟利昂-烟气换热器、冷凝换热器及蒸发换热器存储于热网供水储水罐中，以减少进入到汽轮机中的蒸汽量，继而减少发电机的发电量，同时通过发电机为压缩机提供电源，减少对外供电量。当火电机组发电供电需求增加时，断开电源开关，压缩机停止工作，锅炉单独运行发电运行，该阶段所需的供热量通过热网供水储水罐内储存的热量进行供热，减少抽气，提高发电量，以满足供热需要求，同时满足火电厂机组灵活深度调峰的要求，且具有***简单、能量利用效率高及深度调峰潜力大 的特点，同时安全性及经济性较高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中，1为锅炉、2为高温过热器、3为低温过热器、4为省煤器、5为透平、6为发电机、7为电源开关、8为压缩机、9为氟利昂-烟气换热器、10为冷凝换热器、11为活塞式空压机、12为节流阀、13为蒸发换热器、14为#1电动闸阀、15为高温高压风机、16为#2电动闸阀、17为热网供水储水罐、18为热网供水循环泵、19为热网回水储水罐、20为热网回水循环泵、21为#1电动调节阀、22为#2电动调节阀、23为循环水泵、24为混合集箱、25为凝集器循环水泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
参考图1，本发明所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***包括锅炉1、透平5、发电机6、电源开关7、压缩机8、氟利昂-烟气换热器9、冷凝换热器10、空压机11、节流阀12、蒸发换热器13、输出管道、混合集箱24、热网回水储水罐19及热网供水储水罐17；锅炉1的尾部烟道内烟气流动方向依次设置有高温过热器2、低温过热器3、省煤器4及SCR脱硝装置，高温过热器2的出口与透平5的入口相连通，透平5的输出轴与发电机6的驱动轴相连接，发电机6的输出端经电源开关7与压缩机8相连接；尾部烟道上设置有抽烟气口及烟气入口，其中，抽烟气口位于高温过热器2与低温过热器3之间，抽烟气口的出口与氟利昂-烟气换热器9的放热侧入口相连通，氟利昂-烟气换热器9的 放热侧出口与烟气入口相连通，其中，烟气入口位于省煤器4与SCR脱硝装置之间；压缩机8的出口经氟利昂-烟气换热器9的吸热侧及冷凝换热器10的放热侧与空压机11的入口相连通，空压机11的出口经节流阀12与蒸发换热器13的吸热侧入口相连通，蒸发换热器13的吸热侧出口与压缩机8的入口相连通；冷凝器的循环冷却水出口与蒸发换热器13的放热侧入口相连通，蒸发换热器13的吸热侧出口分为两路，其中一路与输出管道相连通，另一路与混合集箱24的入口相连通，热网回水储水罐19的出口与混合集箱24的入口相连通，混合集箱24的出口与冷凝换热器10的吸热侧入口相连通，冷凝换热器10的吸热侧出口与热网供水储水罐17的入口相连通。
抽烟气口的出口经#1电动闸阀14及高温高压风机15与氟利昂-烟气换热器9的放热侧入口相连通；氟利昂-烟气换热器9的放热侧出口经#2电动闸阀16与烟气入口相连通。
蒸发换热器13的吸热侧出口经#1电动调节阀21后分为两路，其中一路与输出管道相连通，另一路经#2电动调节阀22及循环水泵23与混合集箱24的入口相连通。
本发明还包括热网回水循环泵20及热网供水循环泵18，热网回水循环泵20的出口与热网回水储水罐19的入口相连通；热网供水储水罐17的出口与热网供水循环泵18相连通。
冷凝器的循环冷却水出口与蒸发换热器13的放热侧入口之间通过凝集器循环水泵25相连通，空压机11为活塞式空压机。
本发明所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰方法包括以下步 骤：
当火电机组需要深度调峰时，闭合电源开关7，使压缩机8通电工作,通过抽烟气口抽取高温烟气，并送入氟利昂-烟气换热器9中进行放热，压缩机8输出的氟利昂进入到氟利昂-烟气换热器9中进行等压再加热，放热后的烟气进入到尾部烟道中，然后进入到SCR脱硝装置中进行脱硝处理，以减少低温过热器3及省煤器4吸热，继而减少锅炉1的蒸发量及发电量，实现锅炉1调峰，同时通过压缩机8运行增加厂用电，减少向外界提供的电量，实现锅炉1调峰；
氟利昂-烟气换热器9输出的高温高压介质进入冷凝换热器10中进行放热，热网回水与蒸发换热器13放热侧输出的冷却水在混合集箱24中混合后进入到冷凝换热器10中吸热，然后储存于热网供水储水罐17内；冷凝换热器10放热侧输出的氟利昂进入到空压机11中，利用高压推动活塞，转化高压空气进行储能，然后再经节流阀12降压后进入到蒸发换热器13中与循环冷却水进行换热，以吸收循环冷却水中的低品位热源；
当火电机组发电供电需求增加时，则断开电源开关7，锅炉1单独运行发电运行，此时，所需的供热量通过热网供水储水罐17内储存的热量进行供热，以减少抽气，提高发电量。
实施例一
本实施例的具体操作过程为：
当火电机组需要深度调峰时，打开#1电动闸阀14及#2电动闸阀16，启动高温高压风机15；闭合电源开关7，使压缩机8通电工作；启动热 网回水循环泵20及热网回水循环泵20；启动凝集器循环水泵25，打开#1电动调节阀21。
当电网需要机组调峰负荷为30％时，锅炉1运行负荷能够达到40％，多余的10％热量及发电量通过高效压缩式泵***进行储能及高效利用，即通过高温高压风机15抽取5～10％的600℃高温烟气，送入氟利昂-烟气换热器9中进行放热，压缩机8输出的2MPa、150℃氟利昂进入到氟利昂-烟气换热器9中进行等压再加热至250℃，放热后的烟气进入到尾部烟道中，然后进入到SCR脱硝装置中进行脱硝处理，以减少低温过热器3及省煤器4吸热，从而减少锅炉1的蒸发量及发电量，实现锅炉1调峰。另一方面，通过压缩机8运行增加厂用电，减少向外界提供的电量，实现锅炉1调峰；
氟利昂-烟气换热器9输出的250℃、2MPa高温高压介质进入冷凝换热器10中进行放热，45℃的热网回水与循环水泵23输出的10℃水在混合集箱24中混合后进入到冷凝换热器10中吸热，将水加热至95℃后储存于热网供水储水罐17内；冷凝换热器10放热侧输出的60℃、2MPa氟利昂进入到空压机11中，利用高压推动活塞，转化高压空气进行储能，然后再经节流阀12将工质调节至0.1MPa，0℃，然后送入到蒸发换热器13中与循环冷却水进行换热，以吸收循环冷却水中的低品位热源，使冷却水的温度从25℃降低到10℃。
当火电机组发电供电需求增加时，断开电源开关7，锅炉1单独运行发电运行，该阶段所需的供热量通过热网供水储水罐17内储存的热量进行供热，减少抽气，提高发电量。
另外，需要说明的是，本发明提高了氟利昂在热泵***中的参数，降低了冷凝器换热器进口水温，同时设置了活塞式空压机，使得热泵能效系数COP大大提高。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，包括锅炉(1)、透平(5)、发电机(6)、电源开关(7)、压缩机(8)、氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)、冷凝换热器(10)、空压机(11)、节流阀(12)、蒸发换热器(13)、输出管道、混合集箱(24)、热网回水储水罐(19)及热网供水储水罐(17)；
    锅炉(1)的尾部烟道内烟气流动方向依次设置有高温过热器(2)、低温过热器(3)、省煤器(4)及SCR脱硝装置，高温过热器(2)的出口与透平(5)的入口相连通，透平(5)的输出轴与发电机(6)的驱动轴相连接，发电机(6)的输出端经电源开关(7)与压缩机(8)相连接；
    尾部烟道上设置有抽烟气口及烟气入口，其中，抽烟气口位于高温过热器(2)与低温过热器(3)之间，抽烟气口的出口与氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)的放热侧入口相连通，氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)的放热侧出口与烟气入口相连通，其中，烟气入口位于省煤器(4)与SCR脱硝装置之间；
    压缩机(8)的出口经氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)的吸热侧及冷凝换热器(10)的放热侧与空压机(11)的入口相连通，空压机(11)的出口经节流阀(12)与蒸发换热器(13)的吸热侧入口相连通，蒸发换热器(13)的吸热侧出口与压缩机(8)的入口相连通；
    冷凝器的循环冷却水出口与蒸发换热器(13)的放热侧入口相连通，蒸发换热器(13)的吸热侧出口分为两路，其中一路与输出管道相连通，另一路与混合集箱(24)的入口相连通，热网回水储水罐(19)的出口与混合集箱(24)的入口相连通，混合集箱(24)的出口与冷凝换热器(10)的吸热侧入口相连通，冷凝换热器(10)的吸热侧出口与热网供水储水罐(17)的入口相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，抽烟气口的出口经#1电动闸阀(14)及高温高压风机(15)与氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)的放热侧入口相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)的放热侧出口经#2电动闸阀(16)与烟气入口相连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，空压机(11)为活塞式空压机。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，蒸发换热器(13)的吸热侧出口经#1电动调节阀(21)后分为两路，其中一路与输出管道相连通，另一路经#2电动调节阀(22)及循环水泵(23)与混合集箱(24)的入口相连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，还包括热网回水循环泵(20)及热网供水循环泵(18)，热网回水循环泵(20)的出口与热网回水储水罐(19)的入口相连通；热网供水储水罐(17)的出口与热网供水循环泵(18)相连通。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，其特征在于，冷凝器的循环冷却水出口与蒸发换热器(13)的放热侧入口之间通过凝集器循环水泵(25)相连通。
  8. 一种火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1所述的火电厂耦合高效压缩式热泵储能调峰***，包括以下步骤：
    当火电机组需要深度调峰时，闭合电源开关(7)，使压缩机(8)通 电工作，通过抽烟气口抽取高温烟气，并送入氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)中进行放热，压缩机(8)输出的氟利昂进入到氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)中进行等压再加热，放热后的烟气进入到尾部烟道中，然后进入到SCR脱硝装置中进行脱硝处理，以减少低温过热器(3)及省煤器(4)吸热，继而减少锅炉(1)的蒸发量及发电量，实现锅炉(1)调峰，同时通过压缩机(8)运行增加厂用电，减少向外界提供的电量，实现锅炉(1)调峰；
    氟利昂-烟气换热器(9)输出的高温高压介质进入冷凝换热器(10)中进行放热，热网回水与蒸发换热器(13)放热侧输出的冷却水在混合集箱(24)中混合后进入到冷凝换热器(10)中吸热，然后储存于热网供水储水罐(17)内；冷凝换热器(10)放热侧输出的氟利昂进入到空压机(11)中，利用高压推动活塞，转化高压空气进行储能，然后再经节流阀(12)降压后进入到蒸发换热器(13)中与循环冷却水进行换热，以吸收循环冷却水中的低品位热源；
    当火电机组发电供电需求增加时，则断开电源开关(7)，锅炉(1)单独运行发电运行，此时，所需的供热量通过热网供水储水罐(17)内储存的热量进行供热，以减少抽气，提高发电量。
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CN114791748A (zh) * 2022-05-20 2022-07-26 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司 一种锅炉的温控***
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