WO2022053073A1 - 一种基于双互感等值电压的地下三维位移测量***与方法 - Google Patents

一种基于双互感等值电压的地下三维位移测量***与方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022053073A1
WO2022053073A1 PCT/CN2021/124505 CN2021124505W WO2022053073A1 WO 2022053073 A1 WO2022053073 A1 WO 2022053073A1 CN 2021124505 W CN2021124505 W CN 2021124505W WO 2022053073 A1 WO2022053073 A1 WO 2022053073A1
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measurement
displacement
unit
mutual inductance
underground
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PCT/CN2021/124505
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English (en)
French (fr)
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申屠南瑛
李青
施阁
王丰
王胜
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中国计量大学
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Priority to US18/024,979 priority Critical patent/US20230288180A1/en
Publication of WO2022053073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022053073A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B2210/00—Aspects not specifically covered by any group under G01B, e.g. of wheel alignment, caliper-like sensors
    • G01B2210/58—Wireless transmission of information between a sensor or probe and a control or evaluation unit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
    • G01V3/28—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device using induction coils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an underground displacement measuring system and method, in particular to a three-dimensional underground displacement measuring system and method based on the double mutual inductance equivalent voltage detection principle.
  • Underground displacement monitoring is an important part of geological disasters and geotechnical engineering deformation monitoring. It is to accurately detect the underground displacement information of disaster bodies and the changing dynamics of geological structure parameters, determine potential slip planes, and then study disaster status, development trends and disaster prevention forecasts. key technical methods.
  • inclinometers At present, inclinometers, extensometers, subsidence meters, BOTDR and other measurement technologies are mainly used at home and abroad to monitor the deformation of underground rock and soil in one direction.
  • the inclinometer is widely used in the measurement of the underground horizontal displacement of the sliding body due to its simple structure and high reliability.
  • the subsidence meter and extensometer mainly detect the vertical displacement of the underground, and it is difficult to eliminate the error caused by the horizontal displacement.
  • the main problem is that the stretching amount is insufficient, and the optical fiber is easily broken for the deformation of the rock and soil with a large deformation amount or a rapid deformation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional measurement system and method for underground displacement measurement based on double mutual inductance voltage, which can realize three-dimensional distributed remote measurement of deformation.
  • the system includes an on-site measuring device and a remote monitoring system, and the on-site measuring device and the remote monitoring system are connected through a wireless communication network, wherein: the on-site measuring device is mainly composed of N integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units and an underground displacement information
  • the summary unit is formed by connecting the power line and the communication line in series; N integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units are connected in series between the underground immovable layer and the ground; each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit is mainly composed of
  • the outer PVC sleeve, the hollow cylindrical coil, the magnetic core cylindrical coil and the PCB board are composed of the hollow cylindrical coil and the magnetic core cylindrical coil are installed inside the PVC sleeve, the hollow cylindrical coil is located around the inner surface of the PVC sleeve, and the magnetic core cylindrical coil is located.
  • the PCB board is arranged in the middle of the axial direction of the PVC sleeve.
  • the PCB board is integrated with modules such as MCU, sine wave generation circuit, double mutual inductance voltage measurement circuit, attitude measurement circuit and 485 communication circuit; It is connected to the power supply.
  • the hollow cylindrical coil is connected to the first sine wave generating circuit and the double mutual inductance voltage measurement circuit respectively after the first analog switch.
  • the double mutual inductance voltage measuring circuit is connected to the MCU through the A/D conversion circuit.
  • the second analog switch is connected to the second sine wave generating circuit, the first sine wave generating circuit, the second sine wave generating circuit and the attitude measuring circuit are all directly connected to the MCU, the attitude measuring circuit and the MCU are both connected to the power supply, the MCU and the underground displacement information
  • the hosts of the summarizing units are connected through 485 communication lines.
  • the underground displacement information summarizing unit includes a host, and the host includes an MCU main control circuit, a 485 bus driving module, a GPS measurement module and a remote communication module; the MCU main control circuit is connected to the 485 bus driving module, the GPS measurement module and the remote communication module, and the MCU The main control circuit connects and monitors the three modules of the 485 bus drive module, the GPS measurement module and the remote communication module.
  • the MCU main control circuit sends control signals to each integrated sensing unit of underground displacement measurement through the 485 communication bus, and the remote communication module Send the measurement information of underground deformation to the host computer of the remote monitoring system.
  • the on-site measuring device and the remote monitoring system are connected by wireless communication through a wireless network, and the measurement results of the on-site measuring device are transmitted to the remote monitoring system through the wireless network.
  • the remote monitoring system is mainly composed of a remote receiving device and a host computer.
  • One end of the remote receiving device is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is connected to the host computer.
  • the host computer obtains the geotechnical deformation from the surface to the deep underground in the measurement area through conversion and drawing. and specific coordinate values to realize the three-dimensional distributed remote measurement of rock and soil deformation from the surface to the deep underground.
  • Two adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units form one measurement unit, the lower integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit is the relative reference unit, and the upper integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit is the relative displacement unit;
  • the relative horizontal displacement between two adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units is obtained through the cooperation of the hollow cylindrical coil and the magnetic core cylindrical coil of the relative reference unit and the hollow cylindrical coil of the relative displacement unit. Relative vertical displacement, as a result of relative displacement and orientation measurement of the measurement unit.
  • each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit is controlled by the underground displacement information summary unit, and each adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit is controlled one by one from bottom to top.
  • Each measurement unit is measured in turn, and the relative displacement and direction measurement results of each measurement unit are obtained through the equivalent modeling of double mutual inductance voltage, least squares curve fitting, and sensing attitude analysis, and then the relative displacement and direction of each measurement unit are calculated.
  • the measurement results are comprehensively accumulated and processed to realize the three-dimensional distributed flexible measurement of the deformation of rock and soil from the surface to the deep underground.
  • the on-site measurement device is buried between the immovable layer and the ground of the rock and soil mass to be measured through the borehole, and two adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units form a measurement unit, and the integrated underground displacement below the measurement unit is
  • the measurement sensing unit is used as the relative reference unit, and the integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit above is used as the relative displacement unit; according to the following steps, measure the I-type mutual inductance voltage U I and II-type mutual inductance voltage U II and the relative inclination angle ⁇ and azimuth Angle ⁇ :
  • electricity send a measurement signal to the relative displacement unit, collect the mutual inductance voltage in the hollow cylindrical coil of the relative displacement unit as the I -type mutual inductance voltage UI; send an excitation signal to the relative reference unit through the sine wave generating circuit, and convert the sine wave by switching the analog switch.
  • the MCU controls the attitude measurement circuit to measure the relative inclination angle (axis angle) ⁇ and the azimuth angle between the relative displacement unit and the relative reference unit
  • each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit that drives the measuring device has a relative displacement, and both the I-type mutual inductance voltage U I and the II-type mutual inductance voltage U II change in real time; the I-type mutual inductance voltage is collected and recorded.
  • the respective time changes of U I and type II mutual inductance voltage U II the time change curve takes time as the abscissa and the mutual inductance voltage as the ordinate, to obtain two different mutual inductance voltage contour lines, between the two mutual inductance voltage contour lines
  • the coordinate of the intersection point is the relative displacement between two adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ and geomagnetic azimuth angle of each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit are obtained by real-time detection of the attitude measurement circuit Geomagnetic azimuth It is used to judge the direction of underground displacement.
  • the least squares curve fitting method is used to establish the relationship model between the I-type mutual inductance voltage U I and the II-type mutual inductance voltage U II and the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement under different inclination angles ⁇ .
  • Type I mutual inductance voltage U I and type II mutual inductance voltage U II are input into the relationship model to obtain two different mutual inductance voltage contour lines, and the coordinates of the intersection between the two mutual inductance voltage contour lines are the adjacent two integrated
  • the relative displacement between the two integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units in the measurement unit can be obtained by accurately obtaining the coordinates of the intersection point, and the relative displacement measurement between the two integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units in the measurement unit is completed.
  • each measurement unit composed of two adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units one by one from bottom to top to measure in sequence, and comprehensively accumulate the relative displacement and direction measurement results of N-1 measurement units, and unified the underground three-dimensional coordinates to obtain Geotechnical deformation and specific coordinate values from the surface to the deep underground.
  • each sensing unit can measure the underground deformation three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the spatial coordinates one by one from the bottom to the top, and the on-site measurement results can be sent to the remote monitoring center through the wireless network.
  • the host computer in the center further describes the geotechnical deformation and specific coordinate values from the surface to the deep underground in the measurement area, thereby completing the three-dimensional distributed remote measurement of the deformation of the geotechnical from the surface to the deep underground.
  • one measurement unit is turned on each time from bottom to top for measurement, and only one measurement unit is turned on for measurement each time.
  • the invention can obtain the double mutual inductance voltage U I , U II inclination angle ⁇ and azimuth angle of each measuring unit by bottom-up measurement according to the underground displacement information summarizing unit Search to find the corresponding ⁇ -RZU I and ⁇ -RZU II models, and use the least squares method to fit two voltage contours and solve them to obtain the relative displacement between adjacent sensing units.
  • the three-dimensional distributed measurement of the deformation of the rock and soil mass from the surface to the deep underground can be realized.
  • the invention is a new method and device for three-dimensional distributed measurement of underground displacement of rock and soil mass based on the flexible integrated sensing array structure, which integrates electromagnetic, mutual inductance, magnetoresistance and other magnetoelectric effects, and establishes dual mutual inductance voltage, magnetoresistance voltage, etc. Characterize the mapping transfer relationship between physical quantities and changes in three-dimensional coordinates of underground deformation of rock and soil mass, build three-dimensional measurement model and solution method of underground displacement, and realize accurate measurement of three-dimensional displacement and displacement direction of rock and soil mass at different depths from the surface to the ground.
  • the invention can complete the three-dimensional distributed measurement of the deformation state of the entire rock and soil body in the measurement area from the surface to the underground depth, realize the simultaneous measurement of the three-dimensional displacement amount and the displacement direction, and realize the real-time, automatic and remote measurement process.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional measurement system for underground displacement.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit.
  • Figure 3 is a circuit block diagram of the PCB board.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement unit when no relative displacement occurs.
  • FIG. 5 is happening towards Schematic diagram of the measuring unit moving in the direction of the deflection angle.
  • FIG. 6 is a surface diagram of a three-dimensional relationship model between UI and axis angle ⁇ and displacement.
  • FIG. 7 is a surface diagram of a three-dimensional model of the relationship between U II and the included angle ⁇ of the axis and displacement.
  • FIG. 8 is a voltage contour diagram of U I and U II of adjacent sensing units at relative displacements of (30mm, 0mm, 30mm).
  • the implemented system includes an on-site measurement device and a remote monitoring system, and the on-site measurement device and the remote monitoring system are connected through a wireless communication network, wherein: the on-site measurement device is mainly composed of N integrated underground displacement measurement sensors.
  • Unit 1 and an underground displacement information summary unit are connected in series through power lines and communication lines;
  • N integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units 1 are connected in series between the underground immovable layer 7 and the ground; each integrated The structure of the underground displacement measurement sensing unit is exactly the same.
  • the power line and the 485 bus are connected in series to form a sensing array.
  • each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 is mainly composed of an external PVC sleeve 12, a hollow cylindrical coil 13, a magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 and a PCB board 15.
  • the coils 14 are installed inside the PVC sleeve 12, the hollow cylindrical coil 13 is located around the inner surface of the PVC sleeve 12, the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 is located in the middle of the hollow cylindrical coil 13, and the hollow cylindrical coil 13, the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 and the PVC sleeve
  • the three cylinders 12 have the same central axis; the PCB board 15 is arranged in the middle of the PVC sleeve 12 in the axial direction.
  • the PCB board 15 and the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 are put into the mounting bracket and then inserted into the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical coil 13 to be fixed.
  • the mounting bracket is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the hollow cylindrical coil 13 and the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 constitute a double mutual inductance voltage measurement structure, which are respectively connected to the double mutual inductance voltage type I and type II measurement circuits.
  • each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 is exactly the same, and it is a cylindrical axisymmetric structure.
  • the outside is a thick-walled PVC sleeve, and the inside of the PVC sleeve is a hollow cylindrical coil, a magnetic core cylindrical coil and a PCB board.
  • the upper and lower ends of the PVC sleeve are sealed with glue; each integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 is connected in series through the power line and the 485 bus.
  • the PCB board 15 is integrated with modules such as MCU, sine wave generating circuit, dual mutual inductance voltage measurement circuit, attitude measurement circuit and 485 communication circuit;
  • the analog switch, the second analog switch and the power supply are connected, and the hollow cylindrical coil 13 is respectively connected to the first sine wave generating circuit and the double mutual inductance voltage measuring circuit after passing through the first analog switch, and the double mutual inductance voltage measuring circuit is connected to the A/D conversion circuit.
  • the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 is connected to the second sine wave generating circuit through the second analog switch, the first sine wave generating circuit, the second sine wave generating circuit and the attitude measuring circuit are all directly connected to the MCU, and the attitude measuring circuit is used for measuring Geomagnetic azimuth and tilt angle, attitude measurement circuit and MCU are all connected to the power supply, and the power supply is respectively connected to the first analog switch, the second analog switch, the attitude measurement circuit, the MCU, the MCU and the host 8 of the underground displacement information summary unit through the power line. 485 communication line 4 communication connection between them.
  • the MCU calculates the underground displacement of the integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 alone.
  • the MCU sends a sine excitation signal to the first sine wave generating circuit, controls the hollow cylindrical coil 13 to energize the sine wave current and then emits a sinusoidally varying electromagnetic field, and measures the mutual inductance voltage passing through the hollow cylindrical coil 13 through the double mutual inductance voltage measuring circuit; the MCU sends the second sine wave to the second sine wave
  • the generating circuit sends a sinusoidal excitation signal, controls the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 to energize a sinusoidal wave current and emits a sinusoidally varying electromagnetic field, and measures the mutual inductance voltage passing through the hollow cylindrical coil 13 through the dual mutual inductance voltage measurement circuit; at the same time, the attitude measurement circuit measures the integrated underground displacement measurement transmitter.
  • the geomagnetic azimuth and inclination angle of the sensing unit 1 itself are sent to the MCU; calculate.
  • the underground displacement information summary unit includes a host 8, which includes a MCU main control circuit, a 485 bus driver module, a GPS measurement module and a remote communication module; the MCU main control circuit is connected to the 485 bus driver module, the GPS measurement module and the remote communication module.
  • the control circuit connects and monitors the three modules of the 485 bus drive module, the GPS measurement module and the remote communication module.
  • the MCU main control circuit sends a control signal to each underground displacement measurement integrated sensing unit 1 through the 485 communication bus 4, and through the remote communication
  • the module sends measurement information of underground deformation to the upper computer 9 of the remote monitoring system.
  • the on-site measuring device and the remote monitoring system are connected by wireless communication through the wireless network 10 , and the measurement results of the on-site measuring device are transmitted to the remote monitoring system through the wireless network 10 .
  • the remote monitoring system is mainly composed of a remote receiving device and a host computer 9. One end of the remote receiving device is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is connected to the host computer 9.
  • the host computer 9 includes a PC and a portable terminal equipment. The measurement area is obtained by conversion and drawing on the host computer 9. It can realize the three-dimensional distributed remote measurement of the deformation of the rock and soil from the surface to the deep underground.
  • N sensing units constitute N-1 measuring units in total, such as the first measuring unit 5 at the bottom and the N-1th measuring unit at the top. measurement unit 6.
  • the integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 below is the relative reference unit
  • the integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 above is the relative displacement unit;
  • the cylindrical coil 13, the magnetic core cylindrical coil 14 and the hollow cylindrical coil 13 of the relative displacement unit work together to measure the relative horizontal displacement and relative vertical displacement between two adjacent integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units 1, which are used as measurement units. relative displacement and orientation measurements.
  • the lower sensing unit serves as a relative reference unit (sensing unit A), and the upper one serves as a relative displacement unit (sensing unit B).
  • the MCU when it works as a relative reference unit, the MCU is mainly used to excite the hollow cylindrical coil and the magnetic core cylindrical coil, and generate a sine wave with a fixed frequency and amplitude through the sine wave generating circuit, and control the analog switch.
  • the sine wave is sequentially connected to the hollow cylindrical coil and the magnetic core cylindrical coil as the excitation signal; when it works as a relative displacement unit (sensing unit B), the MCU is mainly used to collect mutual inductance voltage and attitude information.
  • the mutual inductance voltage measurement circuit is used to measure the double mutual inductance voltages U I , U II (U I is the mutual inductance voltage between the hollow cylindrical coil of the sensing unit A and the hollow cylindrical coil of the sensing unit B; U II is the sensing unit
  • the mutual inductance voltage between the magnetic core cylindrical coil of A and the hollow cylindrical coil of sensing unit B) is amplified, filtered and rectified into a DC signal, which is then collected and processed by the MCU through the A/D conversion circuit.
  • the attitude measurement circuit can measure the axis angle ⁇ (tilt angle) between adjacent sensing units and the deflection angle of the relative measuring unit to the z-axis (azimuth).
  • each sensing unit in the sensing array is driven to undergo relative displacements in different directions and angles.
  • the schematic diagrams before and after the underground displacement are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
  • the mutual inductance voltage between the hollow cylindrical coil and the hollow cylindrical coil of any two adjacent sensing units type I mutual inductance voltage, U I
  • the mutual inductance voltage between the magnetic core cylindrical coil and the hollow cylindrical coil type II
  • the mutual inductance voltage, U II changes simultaneously, and the axis angle ⁇ and the azimuth angle ⁇ between adjacent sensing units also change synchronously.
  • the integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 below is used as the relative reference unit, and the integrated underground displacement measurement sensing unit 1 above is used as the relative displacement unit.
  • Send excitation and measurement signals to the MCU in each measurement unit in turn:
  • the MCU controls the attitude measurement circuit to measure the relative inclination angle (axis angle) ⁇ and azimuth angle between the relative displacement unit and the relative reference unit
  • both the hollow and magnetic core cylindrical coils of the relative reference unit are powered off, so as to prevent the magnetic field generated when the above-mentioned mutual inductance coils are energized from affecting the accuracy of attitude detection.
  • the subsurface displacement information summarizing unit receives the double mutual inductance voltages U I and U II , the inclination angle ⁇ and the azimuth angle output by each measuring unit in turn from bottom to top after a measurement is completed. and other data, and substituted into the three-dimensional measurement model of underground displacement described in the present invention, to obtain the relative horizontal and vertical displacement (x k , y k , z k ) and azimuth angle of the measurement unit
  • X, Y, Z, and ⁇ respectively represent the horizontal direction, the horizontal direction, the vertical direction of gravity and the azimuth direction, and the horizontal direction and the horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • each measurement unit from bottom to top can measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the underground deformation corresponding to the spatial coordinates one by one, and the on-site measurement results can be sent to the remote monitoring system through the wireless network.
  • any measurement unit k is composed of two sensing units adjacent up and down, which are called relative displacement unit (A) and relative reference unit (B) respectively.
  • A relative displacement unit
  • B relative reference unit
  • the relative horizontal displacements x k , y k , z k , vertical displacements z k , inclination angle ⁇ k , azimuth angle between two adjacent sensing units A and B will change.
  • a sinusoidal voltage signal with a fixed frequency and amplitude (effective value is set as U i ) is passed into the hollow or magnetic-core cylindrical coil of the relative measuring unit A, and the same will be generated in the hollow cylindrical coil of the relative measuring unit B.
  • U i Frequency but different amplitude sinusoidal mutual inductance voltage
  • L is the self-inductance of the hollow cylindrical coil, which is only determined by the size, geometry and number of turns of the coil, and can be regarded as a constant
  • M is the hollow or magnetic core cylindrical coil of sensing unit A and the hollow cylindrical coil of sensing unit B
  • the mutual inductance between the two coils is determined by the geometry, number of turns, and relative positions of the two coils.
  • the outside of the sensing unit is a thick-walled PVC sleeve, which is not easy to deform and is resistant to corrosion.
  • the shape of the coil is generally not destroyed when the surrounding rock and soil mass is deformed. Therefore, the change of M in the above formula is only related to the relative displacement between the two coils. It can be seen that in the measuring device of the present invention, the magnitudes of the mutual inductance voltages U I and U II generated between adjacent sensing units and their changes can directly represent the relative position and relative displacement information between adjacent sensing units.
  • the on-site measurement device of the present invention is mainly composed of a lumped unit placed on the ground and N integrated underground displacement measurement sensing units vertically embedded in the rock and soil body through a borehole. form a measurement unit.
  • each sensing unit in the sensing array is driven to move in the inclination, horizontal and vertical directions.
  • the mutual inductance voltage type I mutual inductance voltage, U I
  • the mutual inductance voltage between the magnetic core cylindrical coil and the hollow cylindrical coil type II mutual inductance voltage, U II
  • All change, and the relative inclination between adjacent sensing units Angle ⁇ , Azimuth also changes synchronously.
  • I-type and II-type mutual inductance voltage values (U I , U II ) can obtain two mutual inductance voltage contour lines, the two voltage contour lines must have an intersection, and the coordinates of the intersection point are the relative transmission of sensing unit B. The displacement of sensor unit A.
  • ⁇ -RZU I and ⁇ -RZU II are three-dimensional surface graphs showing the relationship between relative horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and mutual inductance voltages U I and U II under different tilt angles, respectively.
  • the inclination angles corresponding to the three curved surfaces are 15°, 30° and 45° from top to bottom.
  • the mutual inductance voltages U I and U II decrease with the increase of relative displacement and inclination angle, and at the same The same mutual inductance voltage value at the inclination angle may correspond to different horizontal and vertical displacements.
  • the curve fitted by the points of the same voltage is called the voltage contour.
  • each mutual inductance voltage U I and U II corresponds to a voltage contour line, and these two contour lines intersect at a point in space, and the coordinates of the intersection point can be determined by determining the coordinates of the intersection point. Act as the relative horizontal displacement r k and vertical displacement z k between two adjacent sensing units.
  • y 1 -0.0000001757x 5 +0.00002057x 4 -0.0009243x 3 +0.009424x 2 -0.1169x+37.55
  • Table 1 shows the displacement and error calculated by the least square method when the inclination angle is 0 degrees:
  • the relative horizontal and vertical displacements (r k , z k ) can be calculated by the method of contour line and least square fitting, but in the actual underground rock and soil movement, it is impossible to judge in advance whether the underground displacement direction is consistent with the experimental calibration.
  • the direction is the same, and the azimuth angle of the displacement direction is measured in real time. With the change of the inclination angle ⁇ k , the azimuth of the inclination can be obtained, and the real three-dimensional measurement of the underground displacement can be realized.
  • the present invention adopts a high-precision attitude measurement circuit in the sensing unit, and the attitude measurement circuit integrates a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, and a three-axis magnetometer.
  • the attitude measurement circuit measures the inclination angle of the X axis, the pitch angle of the Y axis, and the deflection angle of the Z axis in real time, and sends them to the MCU through serial communication, and the MCU further sends the underground displacement information through the RS485 communication line. Summarize the units, and obtain the relative axial tilt angle and geomagnetic azimuth angle between any two adjacent sensing units.
  • the upper sensing unit is deflected around the z-axis, and the direction of the horizontal displacement r is no longer horizontal to the right, but a deflection angle occurs along the z-axis. i.e. r towards the deflection angle Move in the direction of , and combine the horizontal displacement r and vertical displacement z obtained by using the double mutual inductance voltage equivalent model before, and decompose the components of the horizontal displacement in the x and y directions.
  • the same is true for other measurement units, so as to realize the distributed measurement of the three-dimensional displacement size and direction of the entire rock and soil mass from the surface to the deep underground.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，包括现场测量装置和远程监控***，现场测量装置主要由N个传感单元（1）和地下位移信息汇总单元通过电源线和通信总线（4）串接而成；N个传感单元（1）串接后连接在地下的不动层（7）和地面之间；每一个传感单元（1）包括PVC套筒（12）、空心圆柱线圈（13）、磁芯圆柱线圈（14）和PCB板（15）组成；相邻两个传感单元（1）组成一个测量单元（5,6），经相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈（13）和磁芯圆柱线圈（14）与相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈（13）相配合测量得到相对水平位移、相对垂直位移。能获得从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值，完成测量区域内从地表至地下深部的岩土体变形的三维分布式测量及远程监控。还公开了一种基于双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量方法。

Description

[根据细则26改正17.11.2021]　一种基于双互感等值电压的地下三维位移测量***与方法 技术领域
本发明涉及了一种地下位移测量***与方法，尤其是涉及一种基于双互感等值电压检测原理的地下位移三维测量***与方法。
背景技术
我国是地质灾害发生最为频繁的国家之一，地质灾害种类繁多、分布广泛、活动频繁、危害严重。据统计，各类地质灾害在我国平均每年造成1000多人死亡，经济损失上百亿元，防灾减灾费用极其庞大，严重制约着灾害多发地区的社会经济的可持续发展，威胁着广大人民的生命财产安全。地下位移监测是地质灾害和岩土工程变形监测的重要内容，是准确检测灾害体的地下位移信息及地质结构参数的变化动态、确定潜在滑移面进而研究成灾现状、发展趋势及防灾预报的关键性技术方法。
目前国内外主要运用测斜仪、引伸计、沉降仪、BOTDR等测量技术对地下岩土体单一方向的变形进行监测。其中，测斜仪由于结构简单、可靠性较高，广泛应用于滑体的地下水平位移测量，但该监测方法效率较低，每次测量均需人工读数，易造成险情漏报；且周围岩土体变形过大时，易造成测斜管过度弯曲、管体不畅，导致测斜探头无法正常在测斜管内正常滑动而终止测量。沉降仪和引伸计主要对地下垂直位移进行检测，难以消除水平位移导致的误差。BOTDR测量法除了无法确定岩体形变方向，最主要的问题在于拉伸量不足，对于形变量较大或变形较快的岩土形变等光纤易被拉断。
以上方法虽各有利弊，但一个共有的局限就是无法监测地下位移的三维变化情况，而只有监测到地下位移的三维变化，才能够准确对滑坡等地质灾害进行有效预测预报。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于双互感电压进行地下变形量测量的地下位移三维测量***与方法，能实现变形量的三维分布式远程测量。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一、一种基于双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***：
***包括现场测量装置和远程监控***，现场测量装置和远程监控***之 间通过无线通讯网络连接，其中：所述的现场测量装置主要由N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元和一个地下位移信息汇总单元通过电源线和通信线串接而成；N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元串接后连接在地下的不动层和地面之间；每一个集成式地下位移测量传感单元主要由外部的PVC套筒、空心圆柱线圈、磁芯圆柱线圈和PCB板组成，空心圆柱线圈和磁芯圆柱线圈均安装在PVC套筒内部，空心圆柱线圈位于PVC套筒内表面周围，磁芯圆柱线圈位于空心圆柱线圈中间，且空心圆柱线圈、磁芯圆柱线圈和PVC套筒三者同一中心轴；PCB板设置在PVC套筒轴向的中部。
所述PCB板上集成设有MCU、正弦波发生电路、双互感电压测量电路、姿态测量电路和485通信电路等模块；空心圆柱线圈和磁芯圆柱线圈分别经第一模拟开关、第二模拟开关和电源连接，空心圆柱线圈经第一模拟开关后分别与第一正弦波发生电路、双互感电压测量电路连接，双互感电压测量电路经A/D转换电路连接到MCU，磁芯圆柱线圈经第二模拟开关和第二正弦波发生电路连接，第一正弦波发生电路、第二正弦波发生电路和姿态测量电路均直接连接到MCU，姿态测量电路和MCU均连接到电源，MCU和地下位移信息汇总单元的主机之间通过485通信线通信连接。
所述的地下位移信息汇总单元包括主机，主机包括MCU主控电路、485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块；MCU主控电路连接485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块，MCU主控电路对485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块的三个模块进行连接和监控，MCU主控电路通过485通信总线向各个地下位移测量集成传感单元发出控制信号，通过远程通讯模块向远程监控***的上位机发送地下变形的测量信息。
现场测量装置和远程监控***之间通过无线网络无线通信连接，现场测量装置的测量结果通过无线网络传输至远程监控***。
所述的远程监控***主要由远程接收装置和上位机组成，远程接收装置一端连接接收天线，另一端连接上位机，在上位机通过换算绘制得到测量区域内从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值，实现从地表至地下深部的岩土体变形的三维分布式远程测量。
相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元组成一个测量单元，以下方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元为相对基准单元，以上方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元为相对位移单元；每一个测量单元中，经相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈和磁芯圆柱线圈与相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈相互配合工作测量得到相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元之间的相对水平位移、相对垂直位移，作为测量 单元的相对位移和方向测量结果。
二、一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量方法：
在地下位移信息汇总单元的控制下，通过地下位移信息汇总单元对各个集成式地下位移测量传感单元进行控制，从下往上逐一控制每相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元组成的各个测量单元依次进行测量，通过双互感电压等值建模、最小二乘曲线拟合、传感姿态解析，获得各个测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果，然后将各个测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果综合累加处理，实现对岩土体从地表至地下深部变形情况的三维分布式柔性测量。
将现场测量装置通过钻孔埋入待测岩土体的不动层和地面之间，相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元组成一个测量单元，测量单元中以下方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元作为相对基准单元，以上方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元作为相对位移单元；按照以下步骤测量，I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II以及相对倾斜角θ及方位角φ：
先通过正弦波发生电路向相对基准单元发送激励信号，通过控制模拟开关将频率、幅值固定的正弦波接入相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈，相对基准单元和相对位移单元的磁芯圆柱线圈断电；向相对位移单元发送测量信号，采集相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈中的互感电压作为I型互感电压U I；通过正弦波发生电路给相对基准单元发送激励信号，通过切换模拟开关将正弦波接入相对基准单元的磁芯圆柱线圈，相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈和相对位移单元的磁芯圆柱线圈断电；向相对位移单元发送测量信号，采集相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈中的互感电压作为II型互感电压U II；同时MCU控制姿态测量电路测出相对位移单元与相对基准单元之间的相对倾斜角(轴线夹角)θ及方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000001
当岩土体发生地下位移时，带动测量装置的各个集成式地下位移测量传感单元发生相对位移，I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II均实时发生变化；采集记录I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II各自的时间变化，时间变化曲线以时间为横坐标，以互感电压为纵坐标，得到两条不同的互感电压等值线，两条互感电压等值线之间的交点的坐标则为相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元之间的相对位移量。
利用姿态测量电路实时检测得到各集成式地下位移测量传感单元的倾斜角θ与地磁方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000002
地磁方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000003
用于判断地下位移方向，在不同倾斜角θ下通过I型互感电压U I、II型互感电压U II各自分别与水平位移量和垂直位移量间采用最小二乘曲线拟合法建立关系模型，将I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II输入到关系模型中，获得两条不同的互感电压等值线，两条互感电压等值线之 间的交点的坐标则为相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元之间的相对位移量，从而精确求出交点坐标，完成测量单元中两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元之间的相对位移量测量。
从下往上逐一控制每相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元组成的各个测量单元依次进行测量，综合通过累加N-1个测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果，统一地下三维坐标获得从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值。
具体结合地面GPS空间坐标测量实现从下往上各传感单元逐对测出与空间坐标统一对应的地下变形三维坐标，且现场测量结果可通过无线网络发送至所述远程监控中心，在远程监控中心的上位机进一步描绘出测量区域内从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值，由此完成从地表至地下深部的岩土体变形的三维分布式远程测量。
测量时自下而上依次每次开启一个测量单元进行测量，每次测量仅开启一个测量单元进行测量，当一个测量单元在测量时，其他的测量单元均不工作，避免相互串扰。
本发明能根据地下位移信息汇总单元自下而上测量得到每一个测量单元的双互感电压U I、U II倾斜角θ与方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000004
搜索找到相应的θ-R-Z-U I和θ-R-Z-U II模型，利用最小二乘法拟合得到两条电压等值线并求解，即可得出相邻传感单元间的相对位移量。通过累加N-1个相邻传感单元间的相对位移量，就能实现岩土体从地表至地下深部变形情况的三维分布式测量。
本发明是一种融合电磁、互感、磁阻等多种磁电效应、基于柔性集成传感阵列结构的岩土体地下位移三维分布式测量新方法及装置，建立双互感电压、磁阻电压等表征物理量与岩土体地下变形三维坐标变化的映射传递关系，构建地下位移三维测量模型及求解方法，实现对岩土体从地表至地下不同深度各处三维位移量和位移方向的精确测量。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明能完成对测量区域内整个岩土体从地表至地下深处的变形状态的三维分布式测量，实现对三维位移量和位移方向的同时测量，测量过程实现实时化、自动化及远程化。
附图说明
图1是地下位移三维测量***结构示意图。
图2是集成式地下位移测量传感单元结构示意图。
图3是PCB板的电路工作框图。
图4是未发生相对位移时测量单元示意图。
图5是发生朝
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000005
偏转角方向移动的测量单元示意图。
图6是U I与轴线夹角θ和位移的三维关系模型曲面图。
图7是U II与轴线夹角θ和位移的三维关系模型曲面图。
图8为相邻传感单元在相对位移为(30mm，0mm，30mm)处的U I、U II电压等值线图。
图中：1、4、485通信总线，5、第一个测量单元，6、第N-1个测量单元，7、不动层，8、主机，9、上位机，10、无线网络，11、PVC软塑管，12、PVC套筒，13空心圆柱线圈，14、磁芯圆柱线圈，15、PCB板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，具体实施的***包括现场测量装置和远程监控***，现场测量装置和远程监控***之间通过无线通讯网络连接，其中：现场测量装置主要由N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1和一个地下位移信息汇总单元通过电源线和通信线串接而成；N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1串接后连接在地下的不动层7和地面之间；每个集成式地下位移测量传感单元的结构完全相同，通过电源线和485总线串联形成传感阵列，套装在PVC软塑管11中并通过钻孔垂直埋入待测岩土体中。
如图2所示，每一个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1主要由外部的PVC套筒12、空心圆柱线圈13、磁芯圆柱线圈14和PCB板15组成，空心圆柱线圈13和磁芯圆柱线圈14均安装在PVC套筒12内部，空心圆柱线圈13位于PVC套筒12内表面周围，磁芯圆柱线圈14位于空心圆柱线圈13中间，且空心圆柱线圈13、磁芯圆柱线圈14和PVC套筒12三者同一中心轴；PCB板15设置在PVC套筒12轴向的中部。PCB板15与磁芯圆柱线圈14放入安装支架后嵌入空心圆柱线圈13内壁卡槽固定，安装支架如图2所示。空心圆柱线圈13、磁芯圆柱线圈14构成了双互感电压测量结构，分别连接双互感电压I型、II型测量电路。
每一个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1的结构完全相同，呈柱状轴对称结构。外部是厚壁PVC套筒，PVC套筒内部有空心圆柱线圈、磁芯圆柱线圈和PCB板。PVC套筒上、下两端均灌胶密封；每个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1通过电源线和485总线串联成一串。
如图3所示，PCB板15上集成设有MCU、正弦波发生电路、双互感电压测量电路、姿态测量电路和485通信电路等模块；空心圆柱线圈13和磁芯圆柱线圈14分别经第一模拟开关、第二模拟开关和电源连接，空心圆柱线圈13经 第一模拟开关后分别与第一正弦波发生电路、双互感电压测量电路连接，双互感电压测量电路经A/D转换电路连接到MCU，磁芯圆柱线圈14经第二模拟开关和第二正弦波发生电路连接，第一正弦波发生电路、第二正弦波发生电路和姿态测量电路均直接连接到MCU，姿态测量电路用于测量地磁方位角与倾斜角，姿态测量电路和MCU均连接到电源，电源经电源线分别连接第一模拟开关、第二模拟开关、姿态测量电路、MCU，MCU和地下位移信息汇总单元的主机8之间通过485通信线4通信连接。MCU解算集成式地下位移测量传感单元1单独自身的地下位移情况。
MCU向第一正弦波发生电路发送正弦激励信号，控制空心圆柱线圈13通电正弦波电流进而发出正弦变化电磁场，通过双互感电压测量电路测量经过空心圆柱线圈13的互感电压；MCU向第二正弦波发生电路发送正弦激励信号，控制磁芯圆柱线圈14通电正弦波电流进而发出正弦变化电磁场，通过双互感电压测量电路测量经过空心圆柱线圈13的互感电压；同时姿态测量电路测量集成式地下位移测量传感单元1自身的地磁方位角与倾斜角，并发送到MCU；MCU将地磁方位角与倾斜角进行采集并发送到地下位移信息汇总单元的主机8，由主机8根据地磁方位角与倾斜角进行计算。
地下位移信息汇总单元包括主机8，主机8包括MCU主控电路、485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块；MCU主控电路连接485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块，MCU主控电路对485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块的三个模块进行连接和监控，MCU主控电路通过485通信总线4向各个地下位移测量集成传感单元1发出控制信号，通过远程通讯模块向远程监控***的上位机9发送地下变形的测量信息。
现场测量装置和远程监控***之间通过无线网络10无线通信连接，现场测量装置的测量结果通过无线网络10传输至远程监控***。
远程监控***主要由远程接收装置和上位机9组成，远程接收装置一端连接接收天线，另一端连接上位机9，上位机9包括PC机及便携终端设备，在上位机9通过换算绘制得到测量区域内从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值，实现从地表至地下深部的岩土体变形的三维分布式远程测量。
相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1组成一个测量单元，N个传感单元共构成N-1个测量单元，如最下方的第一个测量单元5和最上方的第N-1个测量单元6。测量单元中，以下方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元1为相对基准单元，以上方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元1为相对位移单元；每一个测量单元中，经相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈13和磁芯圆柱线圈14与相对位移单 元的空心圆柱线圈13相互配合工作测量得到相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元1之间的相对水平位移、相对垂直位移，作为测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果。
每个测量单元中，下方的传感单元作为相对基准单元(传感单元A)，上方的作为相对位移单元(传感单元B)。对任一传感单元，当其作为相对基准单元工作时，MCU主要用来激励空心圆柱线圈与磁芯圆柱线圈，通过正弦波发生电路产生一个频率、幅值固定的正弦波，通过控制模拟开关将正弦波依次接入空心圆柱线圈与磁芯圆柱线圈作为激励信号；当其作为相对位移单元(传感单元B)工作时，MCU主要用来采集互感电压与姿态信息。其中，互感电压测量电路用于将双互感电压U I、U II(U I为传感单元A的空心圆柱线圈和传感单元B的空心圆柱线圈之间的互感电压；U II为传感单元A的磁芯圆柱线圈与传感单元B的空心圆柱线圈之间的互感电压)进行放大、滤波、整流等处理后变成直流信号，再通过A/D转换电路供MCU采集、处理。姿态测量电路能够测量出相邻传感单元间轴线夹角θ(倾斜角)与相对测量单元对z轴的偏转角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000006
(方位角)。
当岩土体发生地下位移时，带动传感阵列中的各个传感单元发生不同方向、角度的相对位移，以一个测量单元为例，发生地下位移前后的示意图如图4、图5所示。位移发生后，任两相邻传感单元的空心圆柱线圈与空心圆柱线圈之间的互感电压(I型互感电压，U I)、磁芯圆柱线圈与空心圆柱线圈之间的互感电压(II型互感电压，U II)同时发生变化，相邻传感单元之间的轴线夹角θ、方位角φ也同步发生变化。
测量单元中，以下方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元1作为相对基准单元，以上方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元1作为相对位移单元，此时测量集总单元通过485总线自下而上依次给各个测量单元中的MCU发送激励与测量信号：
(1)给相对基准单元发送激励信号，通过控制模拟开关将频率、幅值固定的正弦波接入相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈13；
(2)给相对位移单元发送测量信号，采集相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈13中的互感电压作为I型互感电压U I；
(3)给相对基准单元发送激励信号，通过切换模拟开关将正弦波接入相对基准单元的磁芯圆柱线圈14，空心圆柱线圈13断电；
(4)给给相对位移单元发送测量信号，采集相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈13中的互感电压作为II型互感电压U II；
(5)同时MCU控制姿态测量电路测出相对位移单元与相对基准单元之间的相对倾斜角(轴线夹角)θ及方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000007
与此同时，相对基准单元的空心和磁芯圆柱线圈均断电，以免上述互感线圈通电时产生的磁场影响姿态检测的精确性。
如此完成对某测量单元的测量，其他测量单元同理。地下位移信息汇总单元在一次测量结束后自下而上依次接收各个测量单元输出的双互感电压U I与U II、倾斜角θ与方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000008
等数据，代入到本发明所述的地下位移三维测量模型，求出该测量单元的相对水平和垂直位移(x k、y k、z k)以及方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000009
对N-1个测量单元的测量结果进行累加，测出岩土体从地表至地下深部的整***移和方向(X，Y，Z，Φ)，
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000010
其中X、Y、Z、Φ分别表示水平一方向、水平另一方向、重力竖直方向和方位角方向，水平一方向和水平另一方向相正交垂直。
结合地面GPS空间坐标测量，实现从下往上各测量单元逐一测出与空间坐标统一对应的地下变形三维坐标，现场测量结果可通过无线网络发送至远程监控***。
本发明测量方法采用不同于现有多互感原理的双电磁互感原理。如图4、图5所示，任一测量单元k由上下相邻的两个传感单元组成，分别称为相对位移单元(A)和相对基准单元(B)。随着测量单元周围岩土发生滑移，两相邻传感单元A、B之间的相对水平位移x k、y k、垂直位移z k以及倾斜角θ k、方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000011
会发生变化。
根据磁电感应理论，将固定频率和幅值的正弦电压信号(有效值设为U i)通入相对测量单元A的空心或磁芯圆柱线圈，相对测量单元B的空心圆柱线圈中会产生同频但不同幅值的正弦互感电压U o：
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000012
其中L为空心圆柱线圈的自感，仅由线圈的大小、几何形状以及匝数决定，可视为常数；M为传感单元A的空心或磁芯圆柱线圈与传感单元B的空心圆柱线圈之间的互感系数，由两个线圈的几何形状、匝数、相对位置决定。
传感单元外部为厚壁PVC套筒，不易形变且耐腐蚀，周围岩土体发生形变时一般不会破坏线圈的形状，因此上述公式中M的变化只与两线圈之间的相对位移有关。可见本发明所述测量装置中，相邻传感单元之间产生的互感电压U I、U II的大小及其变化能直接表征相邻传感单元之间的相对位置和相对位移信息。
本发明的现场测量装置主要由置于地面的集总单元和通过钻孔垂直埋入岩土体内部的N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元上下串连而成，任两相邻传感单元构成一个测量单元。当岩土体发生地下位移时，带动传感阵列中的各个传感 单元发生倾斜、水平和垂直方向的位移，任两相邻传感单元(A、B)的空心圆柱线圈与空心圆柱线圈之间的互感电压(I型互感电压，U I)、磁芯圆柱线圈与空心圆柱线圈之间的互感电压(II型互感电压，U II)均发生变化，相邻传感单元之间的相对倾斜角θ、方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000013
也同步发生变化。获取上述I型和II型互感电压值(U I、U II)可以得到两条互感电压等值线，两条电压等值线必有一个交点，该交点的坐标则为传感单元B相对传感单元A的位移量。
经理论证明和实验验证得出双互感电压U I、U II在不同倾斜角θ和方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000014
下与待测相对水平位移x、y、z之间的关系模型，再结合双互感等值电压理论和最小二乘法曲线拟合法，反向计算出相邻传感单元之间的相对位移大小和方向
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000015
首先，通过实验标定和理论建模得到相邻传感单元A、B之间在不同倾斜角θ下，双互感电压U I、U II随水平位移和垂直位移变化的关系模型，即θ-R-Z-U I和θ-R-Z-U II。图6、图7分别为不同倾斜角下的相对水平位移、垂直位移与互感电压U I、U II之间关系的三维曲面图。图中，三张曲面所对应的倾斜角从上至下依次是15°、30°和45°，互感电压U I、U II随着相对位移、倾斜角的增大而减小，且在同一倾斜角下相同的互感电压值可能会对应不同的水平位移与垂直位移，把相同电压的点拟合的曲线称为电压等值线。如图8所示，同一倾斜角下，每一个互感电压U I和U II分别对应着一条电压等值线，这两条等值线在空间中交于一点，确定该交点所在坐标即能求出任两相邻两传感单元间的相对水平位移r k和垂直位移z k。
根据传感单元测出的倾斜角θ，搜索找到相应的θ-R-Z-U I和θ-R-Z-U II
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000016
模型，遍历得到双互感电压U I、U II的等值电压离散点，再通过最小二乘曲线拟合法，拟合得到两条电压等值线，最后通过计算机编程精确求解出双等值电压曲线的交点，换算成相邻传感单元的相对位移。图8所示为根据倾斜角θ k＝0°，水平位移r k＝30mm，垂直位移z k＝30mm处的互感电压值U I、U II得到的双互感电压等值线，可以看出两条等值线仅有一个交点。
用最小二乘拟合方法来求解出这两条拟合曲线的表达式：
y 1＝-0.0000001757x 5+0.00002057x 4-0.0009243x 3+0.009424x 2-0.1169x+37.55
y 2＝-0.0000007319x 5+0.00008027x 4-0.003225x 3+0.04449x 2-0.3253x+39.39
对这两条曲线求解即可到交点坐标。表1为倾斜角为0度时，利用最小二乘法解算出的位移与误差：
实际位移/mm 水平位移/mm 垂直位移/mm 误差/mm
(15，15) 14.751 15.045 (-0.249，+0.045)
(20，20) 19.889 20.032 (-0.111，+0.032)
(25，25) 23.836 25.495 (-1.164，+0.495)
(30，30) 28.530 30.520 (-1.470，+0.520)
(35，35) 34.960 35.076 (+0.040，+0.076)
(40，40) 40.120 39.781 (+0.120，-0.219)
(45，45) 45.326 44.744 (+0.326，-0.256)
经实验验证，水平位移和垂直位移误差在2mm以内。
通过等值线及最小二乘拟合的方法可以解算出相对水平、垂直位移量(r k、z k)的大小，但实际地下岩土体运动中，无法事先判断地下位移方向是否与实验标定方向一致，在结合实时测量出位移方向的方位角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000017
与倾斜角θ k的变化获得倾斜的方位，才能实现真正的地下位移三维测量。
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000019
为此，本发明在传感单元中采用了高精度的姿态测量电路，姿态测量电路集成有三轴陀螺仪、三轴加速度计、三轴磁力计。当某传感单元的姿态发生变化时，姿态测量电路实时测出X轴倾斜角、Y轴俯仰角、Z轴偏转角，通过串口通信发送至MCU，MCU通过RS485通信线进一步发送至地下位移信息汇总单元，解算得到任两相邻传感单元之间的相对轴向倾斜角和地磁方位角。
以一个测量单元为例，如图5所示，此时上方传感单元绕z轴发生了偏转，水平位移r的方向不再是水平向右而是沿z轴发生一个偏转角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000020
即r朝着偏转角
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000021
的方向进行移动，结合前面利用双互感电压等值模型求解出的水平位移r和垂直位移z，分解得到水平位移在x和y方向的分量
Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-000022
其他测量单元同理，从而实现对整个岩土体从地表至地下深部三维位移大小和方向的分布式测量。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，包括现场测量装置和远程监控***，现场测量装置和远程监控***之间通过无线通讯网络连接，其中：所述的现场测量装置主要由N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)和一个地下位移信息汇总单元通过电源线和通信线串接而成；N个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)串接后连接在地下的不动层(7)和地面之间；其特征在于：
    每一个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)主要由外部的PVC套筒(12)、空心圆柱线圈(13)、磁芯圆柱线圈(14)和PCB板(15)组成，空心圆柱线圈(13)和磁芯圆柱线圈(14)均安装在PVC套筒(12)内部，空心圆柱线圈(13)位于PVC套筒(12)内表面周围，磁芯圆柱线圈(14)位于空心圆柱线圈(13)中间，且空心圆柱线圈(13)、磁芯圆柱线圈(14)和PVC套筒(12)三者同一中心轴；PCB板(15)设置在PVC套筒(12)轴向的中部；
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，其特征在于：所述PCB板(15)上集成设有MCU、正弦波发生电路、双互感电压测量电路、姿态测量电路和485通信电路等模块；空心圆柱线圈(13)和磁芯圆柱线圈(14)分别经第一模拟开关、第二模拟开关和电源连接，空心圆柱线圈(13)经第一模拟开关后分别与第一正弦波发生电路、双互感电压测量电路连接，双互感电压测量电路经A/D转换电路连接到MCU，磁芯圆柱线圈(14)经第二模拟开关和第二正弦波发生电路连接，第一正弦波发生电路、第二正弦波发生电路和姿态测量电路均直接连接到MCU，姿态测量电路和MCU均连接到电源，MCU和地下位移信息汇总单元的主机(8)之间通过485通信总线(4)通信连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，其特征在于：所述的地下位移信息汇总单元包括主机(8)，主机(8)包括MCU主控电路、485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块；MCU主控电路连接485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块，MCU主控电路对485总线驱动模块、GPS测量模块和远程通讯模块的三个模块进行连接和监控，MCU主控电路通过485通信总线(4)向各个地下位移测量集成传感单元(1)发出控制信号，通过远程通讯模块向远程监控***的上位机(9)发送地下变形的测量信息。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，其特征在于：现场测量装置和远程监控***之间通过无线网络(10)无线通信 连接，现场测量装置的测量结果通过无线网络(10)传输至远程监控***。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，其特征在于：所述的远程监控***主要由远程接收装置和上位机(9)组成，远程接收装置一端连接接收天线，另一端连接上位机(9)，在上位机(9)通过换算绘制得到测量区域内从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值，实现从地表至地下深部的岩土体变形的三维分布式远程测量。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量***，其特征在于：相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)组成一个测量单元，以下方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)为相对基准单元，以上方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)为相对位移单元；每一个测量单元中，经相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈(13)和磁芯圆柱线圈(14)与相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈(13)相互配合工作测量得到相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)之间的相对水平位移、相对垂直位移，作为测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果。
  7. 应用于权利要求1-6任一所述地下位移三维测量***的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量方法，其特征在于：
    通过地下位移信息汇总单元对各个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)进行控制，从下往上逐一控制每相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)组成的各个测量单元依次进行测量，通过双互感电压等值建模、最小二乘曲线拟合、传感姿态解析，获得各个测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果，然后将各个测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果综合累加处理，实现对岩土体从地表至地下深部变形情况的三维分布式柔性测量。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量方法，其特征在于：将现场测量装置通过钻孔埋入待测岩土体的不动层(7)和地面之间，相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)组成一个测量单元，测量单元中以下方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)作为相对基准单元，以上方的集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)作为相对位移单元；按照以下步骤测量，I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II以及相对倾斜角θ及方位角
    Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-100001
    (1)先通过正弦波发生电路向相对基准单元的发送激励信号，通过控制模拟开关将频率、幅值固定的正弦波接入相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈(13)，相对基准单元和相对位移单元的磁芯圆柱线圈(14)断电；向相对位移单元发送测量信号，采集相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈(13)中的互感电压作为I型互感电压U I；
    (2)通过正弦波发生电路给相对基准单元发送激励信号，通过切换模拟开关将正弦波接入相对基准单元的磁芯圆柱线圈(14)，相对基准单元的空心圆柱线圈(13)和相对位移单元的磁芯圆柱线圈(14)断电；向相对位移单元发送测量信号，采集相对位移单元的空心圆柱线圈(13)中的互感电压作为II型互感电压U II；
    (3)同时MCU控制姿态测量电路测出相对位移单元与相对基准单元之间的相对倾斜角θ及方位角
    Figure PCTCN2021124505-appb-100002
    当岩土体发生地下位移时，带动测量装置的各个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)发生相对位移，I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II均实时发生变化；采集记录I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II各自的时间变化，得到两条不同的互感电压等值线，两条互感电压等值线之间的交点的坐标则为相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)之间的相对位移量；在不同倾斜角θ下通过I型互感电压U I、II型互感电压U II各自分别与水平位移量和垂直位移量间建立关系模型，将I型互感电压U I和II型互感电压U II输入到关系模型中，获得各自两条不同的互感电压等值线，两条互感电压等值线之间的交点的坐标则为相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)之间的相对位移量，从而精确求出交点坐标，完成测量单元中两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)之间的相对位移量测量；
    从下往上逐一控制每相邻两个集成式地下位移测量传感单元(1)组成的各个测量单元依次进行测量，综合通过累加N-1个测量单元的相对位移和方向测量结果，统一地下三维坐标获得从地表至地下深部的岩土变形情况和具体坐标值。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种双互感等值电压的地下位移三维测量方法，其特征在于：测量时自下而上依次每次开启一个测量单元进行测量，当一个测量单元在测量时，其他的测量单元均不工作。
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