WO2022007523A1 - 一种电池保护电路 - Google Patents
一种电池保护电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022007523A1 WO2022007523A1 PCT/CN2021/095640 CN2021095640W WO2022007523A1 WO 2022007523 A1 WO2022007523 A1 WO 2022007523A1 CN 2021095640 W CN2021095640 W CN 2021095640W WO 2022007523 A1 WO2022007523 A1 WO 2022007523A1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular, to a battery protection circuit.
- the existing battery protection chip includes an overdischarge protection circuit and an overcharge protection circuit for detecting the battery voltage, and a discharge overcurrent protection circuit, a charging overcurrent protection and a short circuit protection circuit for detecting the loop current.
- the above-mentioned over-discharge protection circuit, over-charge protection circuit, discharge over-current protection circuit, charging over-current protection and short-circuit protection circuit are all continuously enabled, resulting in a higher operating current of the battery protection chip. It increases the power consumption of the battery protection chip and is not conducive to prolonging the standby time of the battery.
- the present application provides a battery protection circuit to solve the problems of large current and high power consumption in the normal operation of the existing battery protection circuit.
- a battery protection circuit comprising:
- the first output end of the oscillator is connected with the enabling generating circuit, and the second output end is connected with the delay circuit;
- the first output terminal of the enable generation circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage protection circuit, and the second output terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the current protection circuit;
- the second input end of the voltage protection circuit is connected to the battery voltage sampling point, and the output end is connected to the delay circuit;
- the second input end of the current protection circuit is connected to the loop current sampling point, and the output end is connected to the delay circuit;
- the output end of the delay circuit is connected with the power tube control circuit
- the reference and bias circuits are connected to the battery voltage sampling point
- the reference and bias circuit is used to generate the bias voltage required by the voltage protection circuit and the bias current required by the current protection circuit;
- the oscillator is used to generate a clock signal;
- the clock signal generates an enable signal of the voltage protection circuit and the current protection circuit, wherein the enable signal of the voltage protection circuit and the current protection circuit is an asynchronous signal;
- the voltage protection circuit is used for according to the enable signal Detecting the battery voltage, and generating a detection inversion signal when the battery voltage is abnormal;
- the current protection circuit is used to detect the charging current and the discharging current according to the enabling signal, and generate detection when the charging current and the discharging current are abnormal an inversion signal;
- the delay circuit is used to perform delay processing on the detected inversion signal;
- the power tube control circuit is used to generate a control signal according to the output signal of the delay circuit, and send the control signal to the power tube , to control the startup or shutdown of the power tube; wherein, the power tube is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit between
- the voltage protection circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, an overdischarge protection circuit, and an overcharge protection circuit;
- the first input end of the over-discharge protection circuit is connected to the common contact between the first resistor and the second resistor, the second input end is connected to the first output end of the enable generating circuit, and the output end is connected to the the delay circuit connection;
- the first input end of the overcharge protection circuit is connected to the common contact between the second resistor and the third resistor, the second input end is connected to the first output end of the enable generating circuit, and the output end is connected to the the delay circuit connection;
- the other end of the first resistor is connected to the battery voltage sampling point; the other end of the third resistor is connected to the floating output;
- the over-discharge protection circuit is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit, obtain the battery voltage from the battery voltage sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal to the delay when the battery voltage is less than the first voltage threshold.
- the overcharge protection circuit is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit, obtain the battery voltage from the battery voltage sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal to the said battery voltage when the battery voltage is greater than the second voltage threshold delay circuit.
- the current protection circuit includes a discharge overcurrent protection circuit, a short circuit protection circuit, and a charging overcurrent protection circuit;
- the first input terminals of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit, the short circuit protection circuit and the charging overcurrent protection circuit are respectively connected to the loop current sampling point;
- the second input terminals of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit, the short-circuit protection circuit and the charging overcurrent protection circuit are respectively connected with the enabling generating circuit;
- the output ends of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit, the short circuit protection circuit and the charging overcurrent protection circuit are respectively connected with the delay circuit;
- the discharge overcurrent protection circuit is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit, obtain the discharge current from the loop current sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal to the delay when the discharge current is greater than the first current threshold circuit;
- the charging overcurrent protection circuit is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generating circuit, obtain the charging current from the loop current sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal to the said charging current when the charging current is greater than the second current threshold Delay circuit;
- the short-circuit protection circuit is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generating circuit, obtain the short-circuit voltage from the loop current sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal when the short-circuit voltage is greater than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold the delay circuit.
- the enable generation circuit includes at least one delay circuit
- the delay circuits are connected in series with each other, and the input terminal of the first delay circuit is connected to the first output terminal of the oscillator.
- the enable generation circuit includes four delay circuits, which are a first delay circuit, a second delay circuit, a third delay circuit, and a fourth delay circuit;
- the output terminals of the fourth delay circuit are all used as enable signal output terminals, which are used to connect the second input terminal of the overdischarge protection circuit, the second input terminal of the overcharge protection circuit, and the discharge overcurrent protection circuit.
- the power tube control circuit further includes:
- the input end of the logic circuit is connected with the output end of the delay circuit, and the output end is connected with the first input end of the level shift circuit;
- the input end of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit is connected to the third output end of the oscillator, and the output end is connected to the second input end of the level shift circuit;
- the first output end of the level shift circuit is connected to the discharge switch, and the second output end is connected to the charge switch;
- the charge pump voltage regulator circuit is used to generate a constant voltage signal according to the clock signal of the oscillator, and provide the voltage signal to the level shift circuit;
- the logic circuit is used to logically process the output signal of the delay circuit , output the control signal;
- the level shift circuit is used to level shift the control signal, so that the level-shifted control signal satisfies the output voltage domain of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit, and the level-shifted control signal It is sent to the power tube to control the startup or shutdown of the power tube.
- the power tube control circuit includes:
- the input end of the logic circuit is connected with the output end of the delay circuit, the first output end is connected with the input end of the substrate switching circuit, and the second output end is connected with the gate control circuit;
- the output end of the substrate switching circuit is connected to the substrate of the power transistor
- the output end of the gate control circuit is connected to the gate of the power tube
- the source and drain of the power tube are connected in series in the charging and discharging loop between the battery and the charging power source or the load;
- the logic circuit is used to perform logic processing on the output signal of the delay circuit, generate a substrate switching signal, send the substrate switching signal to the substrate switching circuit, generate a control signal, and send the control signal to the substrate switching circuit.
- a signal is sent to the gate control circuit; the substrate switching circuit is used for switching the substrate polarity of the power transistor according to the substrate switching signal; the gate control circuit is used for outputting according to the control signal
- the gate control signal is sent to the power tube to control the startup or shutdown of the gate of the power tube.
- the power tube control circuit further includes a charge pump voltage regulator circuit and a level shift circuit;
- the output terminal of the gate control circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the level shift circuit
- the input end of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit is connected to the third output end of the oscillator, and the output end is connected to the second input end of the level shift circuit;
- the output end of the level shift circuit is connected to the grid of the power tube;
- the charge pump voltage regulator circuit is used for generating a constant voltage signal according to the clock signal of the oscillator, and the voltage signal is provided to the level shift circuit;
- the gate control circuit is used for generating a gate according to the control signal control signal, and send the gate control signal to the level shift circuit, where the level shift circuit is used for level shifting the gate control signal, so that the level-shifted gate control signal To satisfy the output voltage domain of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit, the level-shifted gate control signal is sent to the power tube to control the start-up or shutdown of the power tube.
- an enable generation circuit is added to the existing battery protection circuit, and the enable generation circuit generates an asynchronous enable signal according to the preset timing according to the clock signal of the oscillator, so that the The voltage protection circuit and the current protection circuit enter the enabling state asynchronously according to the enabling signal, and work alternately in turn, thereby effectively reducing the operating current of the battery protection chip and reducing the power consumption of the battery protection chip, It is beneficial to prolong the standby time of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enable generation circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application of a battery protection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is an application schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 7 is an application schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 8 is an application schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
- the application provides a battery protection circuit.
- the enable generation circuit By adding an enable generation circuit to the existing battery protection circuit, the enable generation circuit generates an asynchronous enable signal according to the clock signal of the oscillator according to the preset timing, and the voltage
- the protection circuit detects the battery voltage according to the enable signal and the current protection circuit detects the loop current according to the enable signal, so that the voltage protection circuit and the current protection circuit enter the enable signal asynchronously according to the enable signal. It can work alternately in turn, thereby effectively reducing the working current of the battery protection chip, reducing the power consumption of the battery protection chip, and helping to prolong the standby time of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the battery protection circuit 1 includes a reference and bias circuit 10 , a voltage protection circuit 20 , a current protection circuit 30 , an enable generation circuit 40 , a delay circuit 50 , an oscillator 60 , and a power tube control circuit 70 ;
- the first output terminal of the oscillator 60 is connected to the enable generating circuit 40, and the second output terminal is connected to the delay circuit 50;
- the first output terminal of the enable generation circuit 40 is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage protection circuit 20 , and the second output terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the current protection circuit 30 ;
- the second input terminal of the voltage protection circuit 20 is connected to the battery voltage sampling point, and the output terminal is connected to the delay circuit 50;
- the second input end of the current protection circuit 30 is connected to the loop current sampling point, and the output end is connected to the delay circuit 50;
- the output end of the delay circuit 50 is connected to the power tube control circuit 70;
- the reference and bias circuit 10 is connected to the battery voltage sampling point
- the reference and bias circuit 10 is used to generate the bias voltage required by the voltage protection circuit 20 and the bias current required by the current protection circuit 30; the oscillator 60 is used to generate a clock signal; the enable generation circuit 40 is used to generate enable signals of the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 according to the clock signal, wherein the enable signals of the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 are asynchronous signals; the voltage protection The circuit 20 is used to detect the battery voltage according to the enable signal, and generate a detection reversal signal when the battery voltage is abnormal; the current protection circuit 30 is used to detect the charging current and the discharge current according to the enable signal, and The detection inversion signal is generated when the charging current and the discharge current are abnormal; the delay circuit 50 is used for delaying the detection inversion signal; the power tube control circuit 70 is used for according to the output signal of the delay circuit 50 A control signal is generated, and the control signal is sent to the power tube to control the startup or shutdown of the power tube; wherein, the power tube is connected in series in a charge-discharge
- the reference and bias circuit 10 is connected to the battery voltage sampling point.
- the battery voltage sampling point is the voltage sampling point of the positive electrode of the battery, such as VDD as shown in Figure 1
- the loop current sampling point is the charging and discharging loop between the battery and the charging power supply or load.
- Current sampling point VM shown in Figure 1.
- the reference and bias circuit 10 obtains a voltage sample value of the positive electrode of the battery from the battery voltage sample point, and then generates a bias voltage and a bias current according to the voltage sample value.
- the bias voltage is the detection threshold of the voltage protection circuit
- the bias current is the detection threshold of the current protection current.
- the oscillator 60 When the battery protection circuit works normally, the oscillator 60 generates a clock signal and provides the clock signal to the delay circuit 50 and the enable generating circuit 40 .
- the enable generation circuit 40 sequentially generates enable signals for enabling the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 to operate in an asynchronous manner according to the clock signal.
- the voltage protection circuit 20 receives the enable signal, it detects the battery voltage according to the enable signal, and compares the battery voltage with the bias voltage to determine whether the battery is over-discharged or over-charged
- a detection inversion signal is generated.
- the current protection circuit 30 When the current protection circuit 30 receives the enable signal, it detects the charging current and the discharging current according to the enabling signal, and compares the charging current and the discharging current with the corresponding bias current to judge whether the circuit is overheated or not. Discharge, overcharge or short-circuit abnormality, and generate a detection inversion signal when the charging current and discharging current are abnormal.
- the delay circuit 50 performs delay processing on the detection inversion signal sent by the voltage protection circuit 20 or the current protection circuit 30 , and outputs the delayed detection inversion signal to the power tube control circuit 70 .
- the power tube control circuit 70 performs logical processing on the output signal of the delay circuit 50 to generate a control signal for the power tube. Wherein, the control signal is a switch signal of the power tube, so as to control the power tube to be turned on or off.
- the power tube is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit between the battery and the charging power source or the load, and by controlling the startup or shutdown of the power tube, the overcharge or overdischarge of the voltage, and the overdischarge or overdischarge of the circuit are realized.
- Charging or short-circuit protection and since the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 work in an asynchronous manner, for example, the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 work alternately in sequence, compared to the prior art
- the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 are always in the enabled state, which effectively reduces the working current of the battery protection chip, reduces the power consumption of the battery protection chip, and is beneficial to prolong the standby time of the battery.
- the voltage protection circuit 20 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, an overdischarge protection circuit 21, and an overcharge protection circuit 22;
- the first input terminal of the over-discharge protection circuit 21 is connected to the common contact between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the second input terminal is connected to the first output terminal of the enable generating circuit 40, The output end is connected to the delay circuit 50;
- the first input terminal of the overcharge protection circuit 22 is connected to the common point between the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3, and the second input terminal is connected to the first output terminal of the enable generating circuit 40, The output end is connected to the delay circuit 50;
- the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the battery voltage sampling point; the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the floating output;
- the over-discharge protection circuit 21 is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit 40, obtain the battery voltage from the battery voltage sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal to the The delay circuit 50;
- the overcharge protection circuit 22 is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit 40, obtain the battery voltage from the battery voltage sampling point, and send out detection when the battery voltage is greater than the second voltage threshold Invert the signal to the delay circuit 50 .
- the first voltage threshold is a discharge protection voltage threshold, which is a criterion for judging whether the battery is over-discharged.
- the second voltage threshold is a charging protection voltage threshold, which is a criterion for judging whether the battery is overcharged.
- the overdischarge protection circuit 21 and the overcharge protection circuit 22 are respectively connected to the enable generation circuit 40 .
- the enable generation circuit 40 generates enable signals corresponding to the overdischarge protection circuit 21 and the overcharge protection circuit 22 in an asynchronous manner according to a preset timing sequence.
- the over-discharge protection circuit 21 When the over-discharge protection circuit 21 receives the enable signal, it detects the battery voltage according to the enable signal, and compares the battery voltage with the first voltage threshold to determine whether the battery is over-discharged. When the battery voltage is lower than the first voltage threshold, it is considered that the battery is over-discharged, and a detection inversion signal is generated and sent to the delay circuit 50 .
- the overcharge protection circuit 22 When the overcharge protection circuit 22 receives the enable signal, it detects the battery voltage according to the enable signal, and compares the battery voltage with the second voltage threshold to determine whether the battery is overcharged. When the battery voltage is greater than the second voltage threshold, it is considered that the battery is over-discharged, and a detection inversion signal is generated and sent to the delay circuit 50 .
- the current protection circuit 30 includes a discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 , a short circuit protection circuit 32 , and a charge overcurrent protection circuit 33 ;
- the first input terminals of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31, the short circuit protection circuit 32, and the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 are respectively connected to the loop current sampling point;
- the second input terminals of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31, the short circuit protection circuit 32, and the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 are respectively connected to the enable generation circuit 40;
- the output ends of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 , the short circuit protection circuit 32 and the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 are respectively connected to the delay circuit 50 ;
- the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit 40, obtain the discharge current from the loop current sampling point, and send a detection inversion signal to the said discharge current when the discharge current is greater than the first current threshold.
- Delay circuit 50 the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generating circuit 40, obtain the charging current from the loop current sampling point, and send out detection when the charging current is greater than the second current threshold Invert the signal to the delay circuit 50;
- the short-circuit protection circuit 32 is used to start according to the enable signal of the enable generation circuit 40, obtain the short-circuit voltage from the loop current sampling point, and when the short-circuit voltage is greater than the short-circuit protection When the voltage threshold is reached, a detection inversion signal is sent to the delay circuit 50 .
- the first current threshold is the discharge protection current threshold, which is a criterion for judging whether the loop current is too large during the battery discharge process.
- the second current threshold is the charging protection current threshold, which is a criterion for judging whether the loop current is too large during the discharging process of the battery.
- the short-circuit protection voltage threshold is a criterion for judging whether a short-circuit occurs during the charging and discharging process of the battery.
- the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 , the short circuit protection circuit 32 , and the charge overcurrent protection circuit 33 are respectively connected to the enable generation circuit 40 .
- the enable generation circuit 40 generates enable signals corresponding to the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 , the short circuit protection circuit 32 , and the charge overcurrent protection circuit 33 in an asynchronous manner according to a preset timing sequence.
- the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 When the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 receives the enable signal, the loop current is detected according to the enable signal.
- the first current threshold value can be converted into the first protection voltage, and then the voltage value of the loop current sampling point VM can be obtained through the current detection resistor, and the voltage value can be compared with the first protection voltage.
- the value is greater than the first protection voltage, it is considered that the loop current is greater than the first current threshold, and the loop current is too large during battery discharge, and a detection inversion signal is generated and sent to the delay circuit 50 .
- the loop current is detected according to the enable signal.
- the second current threshold value can be converted into the second protection voltage, and then the voltage value of the loop current sampling point VM can be obtained through the current detection resistor, and the voltage value can be compared with the second protection voltage.
- the value is less than the second protection voltage, it is considered that the loop current is greater than the second current threshold, and the loop current is too large during battery charging, and a detection inversion signal is generated and sent to the delay circuit 50 .
- the short-circuit protection circuit 32 When the short-circuit protection circuit 32 receives the enable signal, it detects whether the battery is short-circuited according to the enable signal. In practical applications, the short-circuit protection voltage threshold is preset, the voltage value of the loop current sampling point VM is obtained, and the voltage value is compared with the short-circuit protection voltage threshold. If the voltage value is smaller than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold, Then, it is considered that the battery is short-circuited, and a detection inversion signal is generated and sent to the delay circuit 50 .
- the enable generation circuit 40 is configured to generate the enable signals of the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 according to the clock signal, wherein the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 enable the The energy signal is an asynchronous signal. Since the enable signals of the voltage protection circuit 20 and the current protection circuit 30 are both high-level signals, in this embodiment, a delay circuit is used to output an asynchronous enable signal.
- the enable generation circuit 40 includes at least one delay circuit; when there are multiple delay circuits, the delay circuits are connected in series, and the input end of the first delay circuit is connected to the oscillator The first output end of the 60 is connected to receive the clock signal output by the oscillator 60, and each subsequent delay circuit delays the output of the preceding delay circuit, thereby generating an asynchronous enable signal.
- the enable generation circuit 40 includes four delay circuits, which are a first delay circuit 41 , a second delay circuit 42 , a The third delay circuit 43, the fourth delay circuit 44;
- the common contact between the input terminals and the output terminal of the fourth delay circuit 44 are used as the output terminal of the enable signal, which are used to connect the second input terminal of the overdischarge protection circuit 21 and the output terminal of the overcharge protection circuit 22 .
- the common point between the input end of the first delay circuit 41 and the first output end of the oscillator 60 is connected to the second input of the overdischarge protection circuit 21 . end;
- the common contact between the output end of the first delay circuit 41 and the input end of the second delay circuit 42 is connected to the second input end of the overcharge protection circuit 22;
- the common contact between the output end of the second delay circuit 42 and the input end of the third delay circuit 43 is connected to the second input end of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31;
- the common contact between the output end of the third delay circuit 43 and the input end of the fourth delay circuit 44 is connected to the second input end of the short circuit protection circuit 32;
- the output terminal of the fourth delay circuit 44 is connected to the second input terminal of the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33;
- the oscillator 60 is used to generate a clock signal according to a preset duty cycle, and send the clock signal to the enable generation circuit 40; the enable generation circuit 40 is used to use the clock signal as an over-discharge
- the enable signal of the protection circuit is provided to the over-discharge protection circuit 21 , and then the clock signal is delayed once by the first delay circuit 41 , and the clock signal after one delay is provided as the enable signal of the over-charge protection circuit 22 to the overcharge protection circuit 22 ;
- the second delay circuit 42 performs a second delay on the clock signal after the first delay, and provides the clock signal after the second delay as an enable signal of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 to The discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31; the clock signal after the second delay is delayed three times by the third delay circuit 43, and the clock signal after the third delay is used as the enable signal of the short circuit protection circuit 32 to provide the short circuit
- the protection circuit 32 delays the clock signal after the three delays four times through the fourth delay circuit 44 , and provides the clock signal after the four delays as the enable
- the clock signal output by the oscillator 60 is used as the input signal of the enable generating circuit 40 , such as a pulse signal with a duty cycle of 20%.
- the enable generation circuit 40 outputs five pulse signals en_od, en_oc, en_di, en_si, en_ci according to the clock signal, and controls the overdischarge protection circuit 21 , the overcharge protection circuit 22 , the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 , and the short circuit protection circuit 32 respectively. and enable the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33.
- FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of each enable signal of the enable generation circuit 40 provided based on the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
- the over-discharge protection circuit 21 is enabled when en_od is at a high level
- the over-charge protection circuit 22 is enabled when en_oc is at a high level
- the discharge over-current protection circuit 31 is enabled when en_di is at a high level
- the short circuit protection circuit 32 is enabled, and the charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 is enabled when en_ci is at a high level. Therefore, it can be seen from the output waveform of FIG. 4 that after the battery protection circuit of the present application is adopted, the overdischarge protection circuit 21 , the overcharge protection circuit 22 , the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 , the short circuit protection circuit 32 and the charge overcurrent protection circuit 33 are used in turn in turn.
- the power consumption of the battery protection circuit is 5Iq, and the power consumption of the battery protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application is only Iq, which significantly reduces the power consumption of the protection chip during normal operation and prolongs the standby time of the battery.
- the structure of the enable generation circuit 40 shown in FIG. 3 above is only a preferred example of the present application, and in some other embodiments, flexible adjustments can also be made according to actual needs, such as setting one or several protection circuits to be constantly enabled. , the remaining protection circuits are time-sharing cycle enabled. In order to facilitate understanding, specific examples are given below.
- the short-circuit protection circuit 32 can be set to be enabled all the time or the enable signal of the discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31 can be used as the enable of the short-circuit protection circuit 32 Signal, over-discharge protection circuit 21, over-charge protection circuit 22, discharge over-current protection circuit 31 and charge over-current protection circuit 33 are enabled in turn in turn, which can also significantly reduce the power consumption of the protection chip during normal operation and prolong the battery life. Standby time.
- the battery protection circuit may use two external power tubes, which are used as a discharge switch and a charge switch, respectively, and the power tube control circuit 70 is connected to the control terminals of the discharge switch DO and the charge switch CO, respectively, such as shown in Figure 5.
- the power tube control circuit 70 further includes:
- Logic circuit 71 charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72, level shift circuit 73;
- the input end of the logic circuit 71 is connected to the output end of the delay circuit 50, and the output end is connected to the first input end of the level shift circuit 73;
- the input terminal of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 is connected to the third output terminal of the oscillator 60, and the output terminal is connected to the second input terminal of the level shift circuit 73;
- the first output end of the level shift circuit 73 is connected to the discharge switch, and the second output end is connected to the charge switch;
- the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 is used to generate a constant voltage signal according to the clock signal of the oscillator 60, and provide the voltage signal to the level shift circuit 73; the logic circuit 71 is used to The output signal is logically processed, and a control signal is output; the level shift circuit 73 is used to level shift the control signal, so that the level-shifted control signal satisfies the output voltage domain of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72, and the The level-shifted control signal is sent to the power tube to control the power tube to be turned on or off.
- the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 generates a constant voltage signal, such as a 5V voltage signal, as the power supply of the level shift circuit 73 ; then the level shift circuit 73 controls the output of the logic circuit 71 The signal level is shifted to the output voltage domain of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72, and then the power tube is controlled to be turned on or off through the level-shifted control signal, so that the impedance of the power tube is constant and will not change with the battery voltage. changes, the thresholds of the above-mentioned discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31, short-circuit protection circuit 32, and charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 will not change with the change of the battery, which improves the consistency of the current protection thresholds, which is conducive to improving the use of the battery. safety.
- the impedance of the power tube is reduced to a minimum under the same area, which is also beneficial to reduce the heating of the battery protection circuit during charging and discharging, and improve the efficiency of charging and discharging of the battery.
- the power tube control circuit 70 includes:
- Logic circuit 71 power transistor 74, substrate switching circuit 75, gate control circuit 76;
- the input terminal of the logic circuit 71 is connected to the output terminal of the delay circuit 50 , the first output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the substrate switching circuit 75 , and the second output terminal is connected to the gate control circuit 76 . ;
- the output end of the substrate switching circuit 75 is connected to the substrate of the power transistor 74;
- the output end of the gate control circuit 76 is connected to the gate of the power tube 74;
- the source and drain of the power tube 74 are connected in series in the charging and discharging loop between the battery and the charging power source or load;
- the logic circuit 71 is used to perform logic processing on the output signal of the delay circuit 50, generate a substrate switching signal, send the substrate switching signal to the substrate switching circuit 75, and generate a control signal, and send the substrate switching signal to the substrate switching circuit 75.
- the control signal is sent to the gate control circuit 76;
- the substrate switching circuit 75 is used to switch the substrate polarity of the power transistor 74 according to the substrate switching signal;
- the gate control circuit 76 uses The gate control signal is output to the power tube 74 according to the control signal, so as to control the activation or shutdown of the gate of the power tube 74 .
- the logic circuit 71 after receiving the output signal of the delay circuit 50, the logic circuit 71 performs logic processing on the output signal, generates a substrate switching signal and sends it to the substrate switching circuit 75, and generates a control signal and sends it to the substrate switching circuit 75. Sent to the gate control circuit 76 .
- the substrate switching circuit 75 switches the substrate polarity of the power transistor 74 according to the substrate switching signal, so as to select the power transistor 75 as an N-type substrate or a P-type substrate.
- the gate control circuit 76 controls the activation or deactivation of the gate of the power tube 74 according to the control signal, so as to realize the protection of battery charging and discharging.
- the power tube control circuit 70 further includes a charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 and a level shift circuit 73 ;
- the output terminal of the gate control circuit 76 is connected to the first input terminal of the level shift circuit 73;
- the input terminal of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 is connected to the third output terminal of the oscillator 60, and the output terminal is connected to the second input terminal of the level shift circuit 73;
- the output end of the level shift circuit 73 is connected to the gate of the power tube 74;
- the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 is used to generate a constant voltage signal according to the clock signal of the oscillator 60, and provide the voltage signal to the level shift circuit 73; the gate control circuit 76 is used to control the The signal generates a gate control signal, and sends the gate control signal to the level shift circuit 73, and the level shift circuit 73 is used to level shift the gate control signal, so that the level shift The latter gate control signal satisfies the output voltage domain of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72, and the level shifted gate control signal is sent to the power transistor to control the power transistor on or off.
- the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72 generates a constant voltage signal, such as a 5V voltage signal, as the power supply of the level shift circuit;
- the gate control signal is level-shifted to the output voltage domain of the charge pump voltage regulator circuit 72, and then the level-shifted gate control signal is output to the power tube to enable or disable the power tube, thereby making the impedance of the power tube It is constant and will not change with the change of the battery voltage, so that the thresholds of the above-mentioned discharge overcurrent protection circuit 31, short circuit protection circuit 32, and charging overcurrent protection circuit 33 will not change with the change of the battery, which improves the current protection threshold. Consistency is conducive to improving the safety of battery use.
- the impedance of the power tube is reduced to a minimum under the same area, which is also beneficial to reduce the heating of the battery protection circuit during charging and discharging, and improve the efficiency of charging and discharging of the battery.
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本申请提供了一种电池保护电路,包括连接电池电压采样点的基准和偏置电路、电压保护电路、电流保护电路、使能产生电路、延时电路、振荡器、功率管控制电路;所述振荡器的第一输出端与所述使能产生电路连接,第二输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述使能产生电路的第一输出端与所述电压保护电路的第一输入端连接,第二输出端与所述电流保护电路的第一输入端连接;所述电压保护电路的第二输入端与电池电压采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述电流保护电路的第二输入端与回路电流采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述延时电路的输出端与所述功率管控制电路连接。本申请解决了现有电池保护电路在正常工作时存在的电流大、功耗大的问题。
Description
本申请要求于2020年07月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010655845.X,发明名称为“一种电池保护电路”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及电子技术领域,尤其涉及一种电池保护电路。
现有的电池保护芯片内部包括检测电池电压的过放保护电路和过充保护电路,以及检测回路电流的放电过流保护电路、充电过流保护以及短路保护电路。在电池保护芯片正常工作时,上述的过放保护电路、过充保护电路、放电过流保护电路、充电过流保护以及短路保护电路均处于持续使能状态,从而导致电池保护芯片的工作电流较大,增大了电池保护芯片的功耗,不利于延长电池的待机时间。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池保护电路,以解决现有电池保护电路在正常工作时存在的电流大、功耗大的问题。
本申请的是这样实现的,一种电池保护电路,包括:
基准和偏置电路、电压保护电路、电流保护电路、使能产生电路、延时电路、振荡器、功率管控制电路;
所述振荡器的第一输出端与所述使能产生电路连接,第二输出端与所述延时电路连接;
所述使能产生电路的第一输出端与所述电压保护电路的第一输入端连接,第二输出端与所述电流保护电路的第一输入端连接;
所述电压保护电路的第二输入端与电池电压采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;
所述电流保护电路的第二输入端与回路电流采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;
所述延时电路的输出端与所述功率管控制电路连接;
所述基准和偏置电路与所述电池电压采样点连接;
所述基准和偏置电路用于产生电压保护电路所需的偏置电压和电流保护电路所需的偏置电流;所述振荡器用于产生时钟信号;所述使能产生电路用于根据所述时钟信号产生所述 电压保护电路和电流保护电路的使能信号,其中所述电压保护电路和电流保护电路的使能信号为非同步信号;所述电压保护电路用于按照所述使能信号检测电池电压,并在所述电池电压发生异常时产生检测翻转信号;所述电流保护电路用于按照所述使能信号检测充电电流、放电电流,并在充电电流、放电电流发生异常时产生检测翻转信号;所述延时电路用于对所述检测翻转信号进行延时处理;所述功率管控制电路用于根据延时电路的输出信号产生控制信号,并将所述控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭;其中,所述功率管串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中。
可选地,所述电压保护电路包括第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、过放保护电路、过充保护电路;
所述过放保护电路的第一输入端与所述第一电阻和第二电阻之间的共接点连接,第二输入端与所述使能产生电路的第一输出端连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;
所述过充保护电路的第一输入端与所述第二电阻与第三电阻之间的共接点连接,第二输入端与所述使能产生电路的第一输出端连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;
所述第一电阻的另一端连接电池电压采样点;所述第三电阻的另一端连接浮地输出;
其中,所述过放保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从电池电压采样点获取电池电压,并在所述电池电压小于第一电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路;所述过充保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从电池电压采样点获取电池电压,并在所述电池电压大于第二电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路。
可选地,所述电流保护电路包括放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路;
所述放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路的第一输入端分别与回路电流采样点连接;
所述放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路的第二输入端分别与使能产生电路连接;
所述放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路的输出端分别与所述延时电路连接;
所述放电过流保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从回路电流采样点获取放电电流,并在所述放电电流大于第一电流阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路;所述充电过流保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从回路电流采样点获取充电电流,并在所述充电电流大于第二电流阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路;所述短路保 护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从所述回路电流采样点获取短路电压,并在所述短路电压大于短路保护电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路。
可选地,所述使能产生电路包括至少一个延迟电路;
当所述延迟电路有多个时,所述延迟电路相互串联,首个延迟电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第一输出端连接。
可选地,所述使能产生电路包括4个延迟电路,分别为第一延迟电路、第二延迟电路、第三延迟电路、第四延迟电路;
所述第一延迟电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第一输出端之间的共接点、所述第一延迟电路的输出端与所述第二延迟电路的输入端之间的共接点、所述第二延迟电路的输出端与所述第三延迟电路的输入端之间的共接点、所述第三延迟电路的输出端与所述第四延迟电路的输入端之间的共接点、所述第四延迟电路的输出端均作为使能信号输出端,用于连接所述过放保护电路的第二输入端、所述过充保护电路的第二输入端、所述放电过流保护电路的第二输入端、所述短路保护电路的第二输入端、所述充电过流保护电路的第二输入端中的一个或者其任意组合。
可选地,所述功率管控制电路还包括:
逻辑电路、电荷泵稳压电路、电平移位电路;
所述逻辑电路的输入端与所述延时电路的输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路的第一输入端连接;
所述电荷泵稳压电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第三输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路的第二输入端连接;
所述电平移位电路的第一输出端连接放电开关、第二输出端连接充电开关;
所述电荷泵稳压电路用于根据振荡器的时钟信号产生恒定的电压信号,并将所述电压信号提供给电平移位电路;所述逻辑电路用于将延时电路的输出信号进行逻辑处理,输出控制信号;所述电平移位电路用于将所述控制信号进行电平移位,使得电平移位后的控制信号满足电荷泵稳压电路的输出电压域,将电平移位后的控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
可选地,所述功率管控制电路包括:
逻辑电路、功率管、衬底切换电路、栅极控制电路;
所述逻辑电路的输入端与所述延时电路的输出端连接,第一输出端与所述衬底切换电路的输入端连接,第二输出端与所述栅极控制电路连接;
所述衬底切换电路的输出端与所述功率管的衬底连接;
所述栅极控制电路的输出端与所述功率管的栅极连接;
所述功率管的源极和漏极串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中;
所述逻辑电路用于将延时电路的输出信号进行逻辑处理,生成衬底切换信号,并将所述衬底切换信号发送至所述衬底切换电路,以及生成控制信号,并将所述控制信号发送至所述栅极控制电路;所述衬底切换电路用于根据所述衬底切换信号切换所述功率管的衬底极性;所述栅极控制电路用于根据所述控制信号输出栅极控制信号到功率管,以控制功率管栅极的启动或关闭。
可选地,所述功率管控制电路还包括电荷泵稳压电路、电平移位电路;
所述栅极控制电路的输出端与所述电平移位电路的第一输入端连接;
所述电荷泵稳压电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第三输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路的第二输入端连接;
所述电平移位电路的输出端与所述功率管的栅极连接;
所述电荷泵稳压电路用于根据振荡器的时钟信号产生恒定的电压信号,并将所述电压信号提供给电平移位电路;所述栅极控制电路用于根据所述控制信号生成栅极控制信号,并将所述栅极控制信号发送至所述电平移位电路,所述电平移位电路用于将所述栅极控制信号进行电平移位,使得电平移位后的栅极控制信号满足电荷泵稳压电路的输出电压域,将电平移位后的栅极控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
本申请提供的电池保护电路,在现有的电池保护电路上加入使能产生电路,通过所述使能产生电路根据所述振荡器的时钟信号按照预设时序产生非同步的使能信号,使得所述电压保护电路和所述电流保护电路按照所述使能信号不同步地进入使能状态,依次交替工作,从而有效地减少了电池保护芯片的工作电流,降低了电池保护芯片的功耗,有利于延长电池的待机时间。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的电池保护电路的示意图;
图2是本申请另一实施例提供的电池保护电路的示意图;
图3是本申请一实施例提供的使能产生电路的示意图;
图4是本申请一实施例提供的使能产生电路的各使能信号时序图;
图5是本申请一实施例提供的电池保护电路的应用示意图;
图6是本申请另一实施例提供的电池保护电路的应用示意图;
图7是本申请另一实施例提供的电池保护电路的应用示意图;
图8是本申请另一实施例提供的电池保护电路的应用示意图。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
本申请提供一种电池保护电路,通过在现有的电池保护电路上加入使能产生电路,由所述使能产生电路根据振荡器的时钟信号按照预设时序产生非同步的使能信号,电压保护电路按照所述使能信号检测电池电压以及所述电流保护电路按照所述使能信号检测回路电流,使得所述电压保护电路和所述电流保护电路按照所述使能信号不同步地进入使能状态,依次交替工作,从而有效地减少了电池保护芯片的工作电流,降低了电池保护芯片的功耗,有利于延长电池的待机时间。
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池保护电路的示意图。如图1所示,所述电池保护电路1包括基准和偏置电路10、电压保护电路20、电流保护电路30、使能产生电路40、延时电路50、振荡器60、功率管控制电路70;
所述振荡器60的第一输出端与所述使能产生电路40连接,第二输出端与所述延时电路50连接;
所述使能产生电路40的第一输出端与所述电压保护电路20的第一输入端连接,第二输出端与所述电流保护电路30的第一输入端连接;
所述电压保护电路20的第二输入端与电池电压采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路50连接;
所述电流保护电路30的第二输入端与回路电流采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路50连接;
所述延时电路50的输出端与所述功率管控制电路70连接;
所述基准和偏置电路10与所述电池电压采样点连接;
所述基准和偏置电路10用于产生电压保护电路20所需的偏置电压和电流保护电路30所需的偏置电流;所述振荡器60用于产生时钟信号;所述使能产生电路40用于根据所述时钟信号产生所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30的使能信号,其中所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30的使能信号为非同步信号;所述电压保护电路20用于按照所述使能信号检测电池电压,并在所述电池电压发生异常时产生检测翻转信号;所述电流保护电路30用于按照所述使能信号检测充电电流、放电电流,并在充电电流、放电电流发生异常时产生检测翻转信号;所述延时电路50用于对所述检测翻转信号进行延时处理;所述功率管控制电路70用于根据延时电路50的输出信号产生控制信号,并将所述控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭;其中,所述功率管串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中。
在这里,所述基准和偏置电路10与电池电压采样点连接。应用到电池保护芯片上,所述电池电压采样点为电池正极的电压采样点,如图1中所示的VDD,所述回路电流采样点为电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路的电流采样点,如图1中所示的VM。所述基准和偏置电路10从电池电压采样点获取电池正极的电压采样值,然后根据所述电压采样值产生偏置电压和偏置电流。其中所述偏置电压为电压保护电路的检测阈值,所述偏置电流为电流保护电流的检测阈值。
在所述电池保护电路正常工作时,所述振荡器60产生时钟信号,并提供给所述延时电路50和所述使能产生电路40。所述使能产生电路40根据所述时钟信号依次产生使所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30以非同步方式工作的使能信号。其中,当所述电压保护电路20接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测电池电压,将所述电池电压与所述偏置电压进行比较以判断所述电池是否过放或过充的异常情况,当所述电池电压发生异常时产生检测翻转信号。当所述电流保护电路30接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测充电电流、放电电流,将所述充电电流、放电电流分别与对应的偏置电流比较以判断所述回路是否过放或者过充或者短路的异常情况,并在所述充电电流、放电电流发生异常时产生检测翻转信号。所述延时电路50对所述电压保护电路20或电流保护电路30发出的检测翻转信号进行延时处理,并向所述功率管控制电路70输出所述延时处理后的检测翻转信号。所述功率管控制电路70对延时电路50的输出信号进行逻辑处理,生成对功率管的控制信号。其中,所述控制信号为功率管的开关信号,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
在本实施例中,所述功率管串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中,通过控制功率管的启动或关闭,实现对电压过充或过放、回路过放电或过充电或者短路的保护,且由于所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30是以非同步的方式工作的,比如所述电压保护 电路20和电流保护电路30依次交替工作,相比于现有技术中的所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30一直保持使能状态,有效地减少了电池保护芯片的工作电流,降低了电池保护芯片的功耗,有利于延长电池的待机时间。
具体地,作为一种实施方式,如图2所示,所述电压保护电路20包括第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、过放保护电路21、过充保护电路22;
所述过放保护电路21的第一输入端与所述第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2之间的共接点连接,第二输入端与所述使能产生电路40的第一输出端连接,输出端与所述延时电路50连接;
所述过充保护电路22的第一输入端与所述第二电阻R2与第三电阻R3之间的共接点连接,第二输入端与所述使能产生电路40的第一输出端连接,输出端与所述延时电路50连接;
所述第一电阻R1的另一端连接电池电压采样点;所述第三电阻R3的另一端连接浮地输出;
其中,所述过放保护电路21用于根据使能产生电路40的使能信号启动,从电池电压采样点获取电池电压,并在所述电池电压小于第一电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路50;所述过充保护电路22用于根据使能产生电路40的使能信号启动,从电池电压采样点获取电池电压,并在所述电池电压大于第二电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路50。
在这里,所述第一电压阈值为放电保护电压阈值,是判断电池是否发生过放电的标准。所述第二电压阈值为充电保护电压阈值,是判断电池是否发生过充电的标准。所述过放保护电路21和所述过充保护电路22分别与所述使能产生电路40连接。所述使能产生电路40根据预设时序以非同步的方式产生所述过放保护电路21和所述过充保护电路22对应的使能信号。
当所述过放保护电路21接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测电池电压,将所述电池电压与所述第一电压阈值进行比较以判断所述电池是否过放,当所述电池电压小于所述第一电压阈值时,认为所述电池发生过放,则产生检测翻转信号并发送至所述延时电路50。
当所述过充保护电路22接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测电池电压,将所述电池电压与所述第二电压阈值进行比较以判断所述电池是否过充,当所述电池电压大于所述第二电压阈值时,认为所述电池发生过放,则产生检测翻转信号并发送至所述延时电路50。
具体地,作为一种实施方式,如图2所示,所述电流保护电路30包括放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33;
所述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33的第一输入端分别与回路电流采样点连接;
所述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33的第二输入端分别与使能产生电路40连接;
所述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33的输出端分别与所述延时电路50连接;
所述放电过流保护电路31用于根据使能产生电路40的使能信号启动,从回路电流采样点获取放电电流,并在所述放电电流大于第一电流阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路50;所述充电过流保护电路33用于根据使能产生电路40的使能信号启动,从回路电流采样点获取充电电流,并在所述充电电流大于第二电流阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路50;所述短路保护电路32用于根据使能产生电路40的使能信号启动,从所述回路电流采样点获取短路电压,并在所述短路电压大于短路保护电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路50。
在这里,所述第一电流阈值为放电保护电流阈值,是判断电池放电过程中回路电流是否过大的标准。所述第二电流阈值为充电保护电流阈值,是判断电池放电过程中回路电流是否过大的标准。所述短路保护电压阈值是判断电池充放电过程中是否发生短路的标准。所述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33分别与所述使能产生电路40连接。所述使能产生电路40根据预设时序以非同步的方式产生所述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33对应的使能信号。
当所述放电过流保护电路31接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测回路电流。在实际应用中可以将第一电流阈值转换为第一保护电压,然后通过电流检测电阻获取回路电流采样点VM的电压值,将所述电压值与所述第一保护电压比较,若所述电压值大于所述第一保护电压时,则认为回路电流大于与所述第一电流阈值,电池放电过程中回路电流过大,则产生检测翻转信号并发送至所述延时电路50。
当所述充电过流保护电路33接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测回路电流。在实际应用中可以将第二电流阈值转换为第二保护电压,然后通过电流检测电阻获取回路电流采样点VM的电压值,将所述电压值与所述第二保护电压比较,若所述电压值小于所述第二保护电压时,则认为回路电流大于与所述第二电流阈值,电池充电过程中回路电流过大,则产生检测翻转信号并发送至所述延时电路50。
当所述短路保护电路32接收到使能信号时,按照所述使能信号检测电池是否发生短路。在实际应用中是预设短路保护电压阈值,获取回路电流采样点VM的电压值,将所述电压值 与所述短路保护电压阈值比较,若所述电压值小于所述短路保护电压阈值时,则认为电池发生短路,则产生检测翻转信号并发送至所述延时电路50。
如前所述,所述使能产生电路40用于根据所述时钟信号产生所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30的使能信号,其中所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30的使能信号为非同步信号。由于所述电压保护电路20和电流保护电路30的使能信号均为高电平信号,因此,本实施例通过采用延迟电路来输出非同步的使能信号。作为本申请的一个优选示例,所述使能产生电路40包括至少一个延迟电路;当所述延迟电路有多个时,所述延迟电路相互串联,首个延迟电路的输入端与所述振荡器60的第一输出端连接,以接收振荡器60输出的时钟信号,每一个在后的延迟电路将在前的延迟电路的输出进行延迟输出,从而产生非同步的使能信号。
可选地,基于图2实施例提出本申请的一个优选示例,如图3所示,所述使能产生电路40包括4个延迟电路,分别为第一延迟电路41、第二延迟电路42、第三延迟电路43、第四延迟电路44;
所述第一延迟电路41的输入端与所述振荡器60的第一输出端之间的共接点、所述第一延迟电路41的输出端与所述第二延迟电路42的输入端之间的共接点、所述第二延迟电路42的输出端与所述第三延迟电路43的输入端之间的共接点、所述第三延迟电路43的输出端与所述第四延迟电路44的输入端之间的共接点、所述第四延迟电路44的输出端均作为使能信号输出端,用于连接所述过放保护电路21的第二输入端、所述过充保护电路22的第二输入端、所述放电过流保护电路31的第二输入端、所述短路保护电路32的第二输入端、所述充电过流保护电路33的第二输入端中的一个或者其任意组合。
可选地,作为本申请的一个优选示例,所述第一延迟电路41的输入端与所述振荡器60的第一输出端之间的共接点连接所述过放保护电路21的第二输入端;
所述第一延迟电路41的输出端与所述第二延迟电路42的输入端之间的共接点连接所述过充保护电路22的第二输入端;
所述第二延迟电路42的输出端与所述第三延迟电路43的输入端之间的共接点连接所述放电过流保护电路31的第二输入端;
所述第三延迟电路43的输出端与所述第四延迟电路44的输入端之间的共接点连接所述短路保护电路32的第二输入端;
所述第四延迟电路44的输出端连接所述充电过流保护电路33的第二输入端;
所述振荡器60用于按照预设占空比产生时钟信号,并将所述时钟信号发送至所述使能产生电路40;所述使能产生电路40用于将所述时钟信号作为过放保护电路的使能信号提供给所述过放保护电路21,然后通过第一延迟电路41对所述时钟信号进行一次延迟,将一次延迟后的时钟信号作为过充保护电路22的使能信号提供给所述过充保护电路22;通过第二延迟电路42对所述一次延迟后的时钟信号进行二次延迟,将二次延迟后的时钟信号作为放电过流保护电路31的使能信号提供给所述放电过流保护电路31;通过第三延迟电路43对所述二次延迟后的时钟信号进行三次延迟,将三次延迟后的时钟信号作为短路保护电路32的使能信号提供给所述短路保护电路32;通过第四延迟电路44对所述三次延迟后的时钟信号进行四次延迟,将四次延迟后的时钟信号作为充电过流保护电路33的使能信号提供给所述充电过流保护电路33。
电池保护电路正常工作时,振荡器60输出的时钟信号作为所述使能产生电路40的输入信号,比如占空比为20%的脉冲信号。使能产生电路40依据所述时钟信号输出5路脉冲信号en_od、en_oc、en_di、en_si、en_ci,分别控制过放保护电路21、过充保护电路22、放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32和充电过流保护电路33的使能。图4为基于图3实施例提供的使能产生电路40的各使能信号时序图。当en_od为高电平时过放保护电路21使能,同样当en_oc为高电平时过充保护电路22使能,当en_di为高电平时放电过流保护电路31使能,当en_si为高电平时短路保护电路32使能,当en_ci为高电平时充电过流保护电路33使能。因此从图4的输出波形可知采用本申请的电池保护电路之后,过放保护电路21、过充保护电路22、放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32和充电过流保护电路33依次轮流使能,任何时刻都只有一路保护电路在使能,而现有的电池保护电路的上述保护电路是同时持续使能工作的,假如平均一路保护电路持续使能的功耗为Iq,采用现有的电池保护电路的功耗为5Iq,采用本申请实施例提供的电池保护电路的功耗仅仅为Iq,显著降低了保护芯片在正常工作的功耗,延长了电池的待机时间。
上述图3所示的使能产生电路40的结构仅为本申请的一个优选示例,在其他一些实施例中也可以根据实际需求做出灵活调整,比如设置某一路或几路保护电路恒定使能,剩下的保护电路分时循环使能。为了便于理解,以下举出具体示例,由于短路保护的安全级别较高,可以设置短路保护电路32一直使能或者以放电过流保护电路31的使能信号作为所述短路保护电路32的使能信号,过放保护电路21、过充保护电路22、放电过流保护电路31和充电过流保护电路33依次轮流使能,同样也可以显著降低保护芯片在正常工作的功耗,延长了电池的待机时间。
在一些实施例中,所述电池保护电路可以采用两个外置功率管,分别作为放电开关和充电开关,功率管控制电路70分别与所述放电开关DO和充电开关CO的控制端连接,如图5所示。
可选地,基于图5实施例提出本申请的一个优选示例,如图6所示,所述功率管控制电路70还包括:
逻辑电路71、电荷泵稳压电路72、电平移位电路73;
所述逻辑电路71的输入端与所述延时电路50的输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路73的第一输入端连接;
所述电荷泵稳压电路72的输入端与所述振荡器60的第三输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路73的第二输入端连接;
所述电平移位电路73的第一输出端连接放电开关、第二输出端连接充电开关;
所述电荷泵稳压电路72用于根据振荡器60的时钟信号产生恒定的电压信号,并将所述电压信号提供给电平移位电路73;所述逻辑电路71用于将延时电路50的输出信号进行逻辑处理,输出控制信号;所述电平移位电路73用于将所述控制信号进行电平移位,使得电平移位后的控制信号满足电荷泵稳压电路72的输出电压域,将电平移位后的控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
在这里,本实施例通过所述电荷泵稳压电路72产生恒定电压信号,比如5V电压信号,作为电平移位电路73的电源;然后通过所述电平移位电路73将逻辑电路71输出的控制信号电平移位到所述电荷泵稳压电路72的输出电压域,再通过电平移位后的控制信号控制功率管的启动或关闭,从而使得功率管的阻抗恒定,不会随电池电压变化而变化,也使上述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33的阈值也不会随着电池变化而变化,提高了电流保护阈值的一致性,有利于提高电池使用的安全性。且相同面积下功率管的阻抗降低到最小,也有利于降低充放电时电池保护电路的发热,提高电池充放电的效率。
在另一些实施例中,也可以将两个外置功率管集成在所述电池保护电路的内部,变成一个功率管,通过衬底切换路实现衬底切换,通过栅极控制电路实现对电池充放电的保护。可选地,如图7所示,所述功率管控制电路70包括:
逻辑电路71、功率管74、衬底切换电路75、栅极控制电路76;
所述逻辑电路71的输入端与所述延时电路50的输出端连接,第一输出端与所述衬底切换电路75的输入端连接,第二输出端与所述栅极控制电路76连接;
所述衬底切换电路75的输出端与所述功率管74的衬底连接;
所述栅极控制电路76的输出端与所述功率管74的栅极连接;
所述功率管74的源极和漏极串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中;
所述逻辑电路71用于将延时电路50的输出信号进行逻辑处理,生成衬底切换信号,并将所述衬底切换信号发送至所述衬底切换电路75,以及生成控制信号,并将所述控制信号发送至所述栅极控制电路76;所述衬底切换电路75用于根据所述衬底切换信号切换所述功率管74的衬底极性;所述栅极控制电路76用于根据所述控制信号输出栅极控制信号到功率管74,以控制功率管74栅极的启动或关闭。
在这里,所述逻辑电路71在接收到延时电路50的输出信号后,对所述输出信号进行逻辑处理,生成衬底切换信号并发送至所述衬底切换电路75,以及生成控制信号并发送至所述栅极控制电路76。所述衬底切换电路75根据所述衬底切换信号切换所述功率管74的衬底极性,以选择功率管75为N型衬底或者P型衬底。所述栅极控制电路76则根据所述控制信号控制功率管74栅极的启动或关闭,实现对电池充放电的保护。
具体地,基于图7实施例提出本申请的一个优选示例,如图8所示,所述功率管控制电路70还包括电荷泵稳压电路72、电平移位电路73;
所述栅极控制电路76的输出端与所述电平移位电路73的第一输入端连接;
所述电荷泵稳压电路72的输入端与所述振荡器60的第三输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路73的第二输入端连接;
所述电平移位电路73的输出端与所述功率管74的栅极连接;
所述电荷泵稳压电路72用于根据振荡器60的时钟信号产生恒定的电压信号,并将所述电压信号提供给电平移位电路73;所述栅极控制电路76用于根据所述控制信号生成栅极控制信号,并将所述栅极控制信号发送至所述电平移位电路73,所述电平移位电路73用于将所述栅极控制信号进行电平移位,使得电平移位后的栅极控制信号满足电荷泵稳压电路72的输出电压域,将电平移位后的栅极控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
同理,本实施例通过所述电荷泵稳压电路72产生恒定电压信号,比如5V电压信号,作为电平移位电路的电源;然后通过所述电平移位电路73将栅极控制电路76输出的栅极控制信号电平移位到所述电荷泵稳压电路72的输出电压域,再将电平移位后的栅极控制信号输出至功率管,以启动或关闭功率管,从而使得功率管的阻抗恒定,不会随电池电压变化而变化,也使上述放电过流保护电路31、短路保护电路32、充电过流保护电路33的阈值也不会随着电池变化而变化,提高了电流保护阈值的一致性,有利于提高电池使用的安全性。且相同面积下功率管的阻抗降低到最小,也有利于降低充放电时电池保护电路的发热,提高电池充放电的效率。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
- 一种电池保护电路,其中,包括:基准和偏置电路、电压保护电路、电流保护电路、使能产生电路、延时电路、振荡器、功率管控制电路;所述振荡器的第一输出端与所述使能产生电路连接,第二输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述使能产生电路的第一输出端与所述电压保护电路的第一输入端连接,第二输出端与所述电流保护电路的第一输入端连接;所述电压保护电路的第二输入端与电池电压采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述电流保护电路的第二输入端与回路电流采样点连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述延时电路的输出端与所述功率管控制电路连接;所述基准和偏置电路与所述电池电压采样点连接;所述基准和偏置电路用于产生电压保护电路所需的偏置电压和电流保护电路所需的偏置电流;所述振荡器用于产生时钟信号;所述使能产生电路用于根据所述时钟信号产生所述电压保护电路和电流保护电路的使能信号,其中所述电压保护电路和电流保护电路的使能信号为非同步信号;所述电压保护电路用于按照所述使能信号检测电池电压,并在所述电池电压发生异常时产生检测翻转信号;所述电流保护电路用于按照所述使能信号检测充电电流、放电电流,并在充电电流、放电电流发生异常时产生检测翻转信号;所述延时电路用于对所述检测翻转信号进行延时处理;所述功率管控制电路用于根据延时电路的输出信号产生控制信号,并将所述控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭;其中,所述功率管串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中;所述使能产生电路包括至少一个延迟电路;当所述延迟电路有多个时,所述延迟电路相互串联,且首个延迟电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第一输出端连接;所述首个延迟电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第一输出端之间的共接点、所述延迟电路的串接点作为使能信号输出端,所述使能信号输出端用于产生使能信号,所述使能信号为非同步信号。
- 如权利要求1所述的电池保护电路,其中,所述电压保护电路包括第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、过放保护电路、过充保护电路;所述过放保护电路的第一输入端与所述第一电阻和第二电阻之间的共接点连接,第二输入端与所述使能产生电路的第一输出端连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述过充保护电路的第一输入端与所述第二电阻与第三电阻之间的共接点连接,第二输入端与所述使能产生电路的第一输出端连接,输出端与所述延时电路连接;所述第一电阻的另一端连接电池电压采样点;所述第三电阻的另一端连接浮地输出;其中,所述过放保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从电池电压采样点获取电池电压,并在所述电池电压小于第一电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路;所述过充保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从电池电压采样点获取电池电压,并在所述电池电压大于第二电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路。
- 如权利要求1所述的电池保护电路,其中,所述电流保护电路包括放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路;所述放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路的第一输入端分别与回路电流采样点连接;所述放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路的第二输入端分别与使能产生电路连接;所述放电过流保护电路、短路保护电路、充电过流保护电路的输出端分别与所述延时电路连接;所述放电过流保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从回路电流采样点获取放电电流,并在所述放电电流大于第一电流阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路;所述充电过流保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从回路电流采样点获取充电电流,并在所述充电电流大于第二电流阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路;所述短路保护电路用于根据使能产生电路的使能信号启动,从所述回路电流采样点获取短路电压,并在所述短路电压大于短路保护电压阈值时发出检测翻转信号到所述延时电路。
- 如权利要求3所述的电池保护电路,其中,所述使能产生电路包括4个延迟电路,分别为第一延迟电路、第二延迟电路、第三延迟电路、第四延迟电路;所述第一延迟电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第一输出端之间的共接点、所述第一延迟电路的输出端与所述第二延迟电路的输入端之间的共接点、所述第二延迟电路的输出端与所述第三延迟电路的输入端之间的共接点、所述第三延迟电路的输出端与所述第四延迟电路的输入端之间的共接点、所述第四延迟电路的输出端均作为使能信号输出端,用于连接过放保护电路的第二输入端、过充保护电路的第二输入端、放电过流保护电路的第二输入端、所述短路保护电路的第二输入端、充电过流保护电路的第二输入端中的一个或者其任意组合。
- 如权利要求1、2、3中任一项所述的电池保护电路,其中,所述功率管控制电路还包括:逻辑电路、电荷泵稳压电路、电平移位电路;所述逻辑电路的输入端与所述延时电路的输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路的第一输入端连接;所述电荷泵稳压电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第三输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路的第二输入端连接;所述电平移位电路的第一输出端连接放电开关、第二输出端连接充电开关;所述电荷泵稳压电路用于根据振荡器的时钟信号产生恒定的电压信号,并将所述电压信号提供给电平移位电路;所述逻辑电路用于将延时电路的输出信号进行逻辑处理,输出控制信号;所述电平移位电路用于将所述控制信号进行电平移位,使得电平移位后的控制信号满足电荷泵稳压电路的输出电压域,将电平移位后的控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
- 如权利要求1、2、3中任一项所述的电池保护电路,其中,所述功率管控制电路包括:逻辑电路、功率管、衬底切换电路、栅极控制电路;所述逻辑电路的输入端与所述延时电路的输出端连接,第一输出端与所述衬底切换电路的输入端连接,第二输出端与所述栅极控制电路连接;所述衬底切换电路的输出端与所述功率管的衬底连接;所述栅极控制电路的输出端与所述功率管的栅极连接;所述功率管的源极和漏极串接在电池和充电电源或负载之间的充放电回路中;所述逻辑电路用于将延时电路的输出信号进行逻辑处理,生成衬底切换信号,并将所述衬底切换信号发送至所述衬底切换电路,以及生成控制信号,并将所述控制信号发送至所述栅极控制电路;所述衬底切换电路用于根据所述衬底切换信号切换所述功率管的衬底极性;所述栅极控制电路用于根据所述控制信号输出栅极控制信号到功率管,以控制功率管栅极的启动或关闭。
- 如权利要求6所述的电池保护电路,其中,所述功率管控制电路还包括电荷泵稳压电路、电平移位电路;所述栅极控制电路的输出端与所述电平移位电路的第一输入端连接;所述电荷泵稳压电路的输入端与所述振荡器的第三输出端连接,输出端与所述电平移位电路的第二输入端连接;所述电平移位电路的输出端与所述功率管的栅极连接;所述电荷泵稳压电路用于根据振荡器的时钟信号产生恒定的电压信号,并将所述电压信号提供给电平移位电路;所述栅极控制电路用于根据所述控制信号生成栅极控制信号,并将所述栅极控制信号发送至所述电平移位电路,所述电平移位电路用于将所述栅极控制信号进行电平移位,使得电平移位后的栅极控制信号满足电荷泵稳压电路的输出电压域,将电平移位后的栅极控制信号发送至功率管,以控制功率管的启动或关闭。
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