WO2021261523A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021261523A1 WO2021261523A1 PCT/JP2021/023796 JP2021023796W WO2021261523A1 WO 2021261523 A1 WO2021261523 A1 WO 2021261523A1 JP 2021023796 W JP2021023796 W JP 2021023796W WO 2021261523 A1 WO2021261523 A1 WO 2021261523A1
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- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- interlayer film
- pigment
- less
- layer
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
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- B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
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- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass used for obtaining laminated glass.
- the present invention also relates to a laminated glass using the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glass.
- Laminated glass has excellent safety because the amount of glass fragments scattered is small even if it is damaged by an external impact. For this reason, laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railroad vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, and the like. Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer film between a pair of glass plates.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an infrared shield in which the wavelength showing the maximum reflectance is in the range of 850 nm to 1500 nm in the reflection spectrum having a wavelength of 400 nm to 2500 nm.
- the first reflective film, the light non-interfering layer, and the second reflective film are laminated in this order, and the first reflective film and the second reflective film are a polymer and the second reflective film. Contains metal-containing particles.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the infrared shield can be used as an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- An interlayer film containing a pigment may be used to improve the heat-shielding property of the interlayer film or to give a color tone to the interlayer film.
- blue haze also called blue haze
- a conventional interlayer film containing a pigment may cause blue cloudiness when irradiated with sunlight, vehicle light, light from a luminaire, or the like.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass containing a pigment
- the value YId obtained by subtracting the yellow index YIp calculated from the parallel line transmittance from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance is provided.
- the average aspect ratio of the pigment is 4.0 or less.
- the pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the pigment is an inorganic pigment.
- the inorganic pigment is tin-doped indium oxide particles or cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles.
- the pigment is a colored pigment.
- the colored pigment is an azo compound, a condensed polycyclic compound, carbon black, or graphene.
- the interlayer film contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the interlayer film contains a dispersant.
- the dispersant comprises a phosphate ester or a diketone compound.
- the interlayer film contains an adhesive force adjusting agent.
- the adhesive force adjusting agent is an alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid or an alkaline earth metal salt of carboxylic acid.
- the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glass are provided, and the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass are provided.
- a laminated glass is provided in which the laminated glass interlayer is arranged between the member and the member.
- the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, the laminated glass interlayer film, and the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are provided.
- the laminated glass interlayer is arranged between the two, and the laminated glass interlayer contains a pigment, and in the laminated glass, from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance, from the parallel line transmittance.
- Laminated glass is provided in which the value YId after subtracting the calculated yellow index YIp is ⁇ 1.0 or higher.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention contains a pigment.
- the value YId obtained by subtracting the yellow index YIp calculated from the parallel line transmittance from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance is ⁇ 1.0 or more. Since the interlayer film according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, it is possible to prevent blue cloudiness from occurring.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is arranged between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- the laminated glass interlayer film contains a pigment.
- the value YId obtained by subtracting the yellow index YIp calculated from the parallel line transmittance from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance is ⁇ 1.0 or more. Since the laminated glass according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, it is possible to prevent blue cloudiness from occurring.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated glass using the laminated glass interlayer film shown in FIG. 2.
- the laminated glass interlayer film according to the present invention (sometimes abbreviated as “intermediate film” in the present specification) is used for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention has a one-layer structure or a two-layer or more structure.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may have a structure of one layer or may have a structure of two or more layers.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may have a two-layer structure, may have a two-layer or more structure, or may have a three-layer structure, or may have a three-layer structure or more. May have.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may include only the first layer.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may include a first layer and a second layer arranged on the first surface side of the first layer.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention is opposite to the first layer, the second layer arranged on the first surface side of the first layer, and the first surface of the first layer. It may be provided with a third layer arranged on the second surface side.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may be a single-layer intermediate film or a multi-layered intermediate film.
- the structure of the interlayer film according to the present invention may be partially different.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may have a portion having a one-layer structure and a portion having a multi-layer structure.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention contains a pigment.
- the value YId obtained by subtracting the yellow index YIp calculated from the parallel line transmittance from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance is ⁇ 1.0 or more.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention satisfies the formula: YId ⁇ ⁇ 1.0.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, it is possible to prevent blue cloudiness from occurring.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention contains a pigment, it is possible to prevent blue cloudiness from occurring.
- the yellow index YIt and the yellow index YIp in the interlayer film according to the present invention are obtained by arranging the interlayer film between two laminated glass members to obtain a laminated glass X, and then the total light transmittance and the total light transmittance of the laminated glass X. It is calculated by measuring the parallel line transmittance. Laminated glass X is made for calculating the yellow index YIt and the yellow index YIp. Total light transmittance and parallel line transmittance are measured using the same laminated glass X.
- the yellow index YIt and the yellow index YIp in the interlayer film according to the present invention can be measured using laminated glass X.
- the yellow index YIt and the yellow index YIp in the laminated glass X are defined as the yellow index YIt and the yellow index YIp in the interlayer film according to the present invention.
- the method for producing the laminated glass X is not particularly limited. An example of the method for producing the laminated glass X is shown below.
- An interlayer film is sandwiched between two laminated glass members to obtain a laminated body.
- the obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes, then transferred into an oven with the degassed, held at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes, and vacuum pressed. Is pre-crimped.
- the pre-crimped laminate is crimped for 20 minutes in an autoclave under the conditions of 135 ° C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa to obtain a laminated glass X.
- clear glass having a thickness of 2.5 mm in accordance with JIS R3202: 1996 is used as the laminated glass member.
- clear glass having a thickness of 2.5 mm according to JIS R3202: 1996 may be used, or a clear glass having a thickness of 2.5 mm conforming to JIS R3202: 1996 may be used.
- a clear glass other than the clear glass may be used, or a laminated glass member other than the clear glass may be used.
- the yellow index YIp calculated from the parallel line transmittance is obtained from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance.
- the subtracted value YId is preferably ⁇ 1.0 or higher.
- the total light transmittance and the parallel line transmittance of the obtained laminated glass product are measured by using the laminated glass product instead of the laminated glass X in the measurement of the total light transmittance and the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass X. ..
- the total light transmittance of the laminated glass X is measured as follows.
- the total light transmittance means the visible light transmittance calculated from the spectral transmittance measured in this state.
- the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass X is measured as follows.
- the parallel line transmittance means the visible light transmittance calculated from the spectral transmittance measured in this state.
- Examples of the spectrophotometer used for measuring the total light transmittance and the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass X include "U-4100" manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech.
- the total light transmittance and the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass X are preferably measured at the central position of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the yellow index YIt and the yellow index YIp are calculated according to JIS K7373 from the total light transmittance and the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass X.
- the value YId is calculated by subtracting the yellow index YIp from the yellow index YIt.
- the value YId in the interlayer film according to the present invention is -1.0 or more, preferably -0.9 or more, more preferably -0.8 or more, still more preferably -0.7 or more, still more preferably-. It is 0.6 or more, more preferably ⁇ 0.5 or more, and particularly preferably ⁇ 0.4 or more.
- the value YId may be 10.0 or less, 9.0 or less, or 8.0 or less.
- the YId in the laminated glass product using the interlayer film according to the present invention preferably satisfies the above lower limit, and may satisfy the above upper limit.
- the value YId can be controlled, for example, by controlling the particle size of the pigment, controlling the aspect ratio of the pigment, or controlling the dispersity of the pigment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the interlayer film 11 in the thickness direction.
- the interlayer film 11 shown in FIG. 1 is a multilayer interlayer film having a structure of two or more layers.
- the interlayer film 11 is used to obtain a laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 11 is an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 11 includes a first layer 1, a second layer 2, and a third layer 3.
- the second layer 2 is arranged and laminated on the first surface 1a of the first layer 1.
- the third layer 3 is arranged and laminated on the second surface 1b opposite to the first surface 1a of the first layer 1.
- the first layer 1 is an intermediate layer.
- the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 are protective layers, respectively, and are surface layers in the present embodiment.
- the first layer 1 is arranged between the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 and is sandwiched between the first layer 1. Therefore, the interlayer film 11 has a multilayer structure in which the second layer 2, the first layer 1, and the third layer 3 are laminated in this order (second layer 2 / first layer 1 / third). It has
- other layers may be arranged between the second layer 2 and the first layer 1 and between the first layer 1 and the third layer 3, respectively.
- the other layer include a layer containing polyethylene terephthalate and the like. It is preferable that the second layer 2 and the first layer 1 and the first layer 1 and the third layer 3 are directly laminated, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the interlayer film 11A in the thickness direction.
- the interlayer film 11A shown in FIG. 2 is a single-layer interlayer film having a one-layer structure.
- the interlayer film 11A is the first layer.
- the interlayer film 11A is used to obtain a laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 11A is an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film contains a pigment.
- the first layer may or may not contain a pigment.
- the second layer may or may not contain a pigment.
- the third layer may or may not contain a pigment. Only one kind of the above pigment may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- pigment is defined as follows.
- a polyvinyl butyral resin (polyvinyl alcohol polymerization degree 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, butyralization degree 69 mol%). 100 parts by weight of this polyvinyl butyral resin, 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), 0.015 weight in 100% by weight of the total amount of the polyvinyl butyral resin, 3GO and the object to be measured. % Is kneaded with the object to be measured and extruded to obtain a resin film (single layer, evaluation resin film) having a thickness of 760 ⁇ m. When the obtained resin film is observed with an electron microscope such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the object to be measured detected as particles is defined as a pigment.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the pigment may be an organic pigment, an inorganic pigment, or a mixture of an organic pigment and an inorganic pigment.
- the organic pigment may be an organic pigment having a metal atom or an organic pigment having no metal atom.
- the pigment preferably contains a heat-shielding pigment, and is preferably a heat-shielding pigment.
- the heat-shielding pigment is a pigment having a heat-shielding property.
- the pigment may be heat-shielding particles.
- the pigment preferably contains a coloring pigment, and is preferably a coloring pigment.
- the pigment may be a heat-shielding pigment and a coloring pigment.
- the organic pigment examples include an azo compound (azo pigment) and a condensed polycyclic compound (condensed polycyclic pigment).
- the condensed polycyclic compound examples include a phthalocyanine compound, a quinacridone compound, a pentaphen compound, a dioxazine compound, a perylene compound, an indole compound and the like.
- the organic pigment is preferably an azo compound, a phthalocyanine compound, a quinacridone compound, a pentaphen compound, a dioxazine compound, a perylene compound, or an indole compound, and is preferably a quinacridone compound or a perylene compound. It is more preferable to have.
- phthalocyanine compound examples include phthalocyanine and phthalocyanine derivatives.
- the phthalocyanine compound has a phthalocyanine skeleton.
- the phthalocyanine compound preferably contains a vanadium atom or a copper atom.
- the phthalocyanine compound preferably contains a vanadium atom, and preferably contains a copper atom.
- the phthalocyanine compound is more preferably at least one of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom and a derivative of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom.
- the phthalocyanine compound preferably has a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a vanadium atom.
- Examples of the quinacridone compound include quinacridone and quinacridone derivatives.
- the quinacridone compound has a quinacridone skeleton.
- Examples of the pentaphen compound include pentaphen and a derivative of pentaphen.
- the pentaphen compound has a pentaphen skeleton.
- dioxazine compound examples include dioxazine and dioxazine derivatives.
- the dioxazine compound has a dioxazine skeleton.
- Examples of the perylene compound include perylene and a derivative of perylene.
- the perylene compound has a perylene skeleton.
- Examples of the indole compound include indole and indole derivatives.
- the indole compound has an indole skeleton.
- the inorganic pigment examples include carbon black, graphene, iron oxide particles, zinc oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), and gallium-doped zinc oxide particles.
- GZO particles indium-doped zinc oxide particles
- AZO particles aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles
- niob-doped titanium oxide particles sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), tallium-doped tungsten oxide particles.
- Examples thereof include particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, hexaborated lanthanum (LaB 6 ) particles, and the like.
- the inorganic pigment may be ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO particles, ITO particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, CWO particles, tallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, or rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles. It is more preferably ITO particles or CWO particles.
- the CWO particles are preferably tungsten oxide particles represented by the formula: Cs 0.33 WO 3.
- the coloring pigment is preferably an azo compound, a condensed polycyclic compound, carbon black, or graphene, and is preferably an azo compound, a phthalocyanine compound, carbon black, or graphene. It is more preferable to have.
- the pigment contains carbon black or graphene (in the present specification, "carbon black or graphene” may be referred to as “inorganic pigment (X)”). Is preferable. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, it is more preferable that the pigment contains carbon black.
- the inorganic pigment (X) preferably contains carbon black.
- the pigment is an inorganic pigment other than the two types of carbon black and graphene (in the present specification, the "inorganic pigment other than the two types of carbon black and graphene” may be referred to as “inorganic pigment (Y)"). It may be included. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, when the pigment contains an inorganic pigment (Y), the pigment preferably contains ITO particles or CWO particles.
- the inorganic pigment (Y) preferably contains ITO particles or CWO particles.
- the pigment preferably contains a quinacridone compound, a perylene compound, carbon black, ITO particles or CWO particles.
- the average particle size of the pigment is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less, still more preferably 40 nm or less, particularly. It is preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the pigment is at least the above lower limit, when the pigment is a heat-shielding pigment, the heat-shielding property can be further improved.
- the average particle size of the pigment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- two or more kinds of pigments are used in combination as the above pigments, it is preferable that the average particle size of each pigment satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average particle size of the pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm. Below, it is more preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the pigment as a whole is not more than the lower limit, the heat ray shielding property can be further improved when the pigment is a heat shield pigment.
- the average particle size of the pigment as a whole is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the pigment is 70 nm or less when there is only one type of pigment, and 2 when there are two or more types of pigment. It is preferable that the average particle size of each of the above pigments of seeds or more is 70 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the pigment is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferable. Is 50 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the two or more pigments is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, and more preferably 60 nm, respectively. Below, it is even more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the pigment is at least the above lower limit, when the pigment is a heat-shielding pigment, the heat-shielding property can be further improved.
- the average particle size of the pigment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, when the pigment contains an organic pigment, the average particle size of the organic pigment is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less, and further. It is preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the shielding property of heat rays can be further improved when the organic pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of each organic pigment satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 0.1 nm or more. It is 1.0 nm or more. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, when the pigment contains an organic pigment, the average particle size of the organic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less. It is even more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the shielding property of heat rays can be further improved when the organic pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment as a whole is not more than the above upper limit, blue cloudiness can be made more difficult to occur.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment is preferably 70 nm or less, and when the organic pigment is two or more kinds. In addition, it is preferable that the average particle size of each of the two or more organic pigments is 70 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, and more. It is more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the two or more organic pigments is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, respectively.
- the average particle size of the two or more kinds of organic pigments is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less, still more preferably 40 nm or less, respectively. It is particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment is at least the above lower limit, the shielding property of heat rays can be further improved when the organic pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the organic pigment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, when the pigment contains an inorganic pigment, the average particle size of the inorganic pigment is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less, and further. It is preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the shielding property of heat rays can be further improved when the inorganic pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of each inorganic pigment satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 0.1 nm or more. It is 1.0 nm or more.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less. It is even more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the shielding property of heat rays can be further improved when the inorganic pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment as a whole is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment is 70 nm or less when there is only one kind of the inorganic pigment, and when there are two or more kinds of the inorganic pigment.
- the average particle size of each of the two or more kinds of the above-mentioned inorganic pigments is 70 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, and more.
- the average particle size of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, respectively.
- the average particle size of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less, still more preferably 40 nm or less, respectively.
- the shielding property of heat rays can be further improved when the inorganic pigment is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) is preferably 0. It is 1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, when the pigment contains the inorganic pigment (X), the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, and more. It is more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the heat ray shielding property can be further enhanced when the inorganic pigment (X) is a heat shield pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- two or more kinds of inorganic pigments (X) are used in combination as the inorganic pigment (X), it is preferable that the average particle size of each inorganic pigment (X) satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 0. It is 1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more.
- the overall average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) contained in the interlayer film is preferably 70 nm or less. , More preferably 60 nm or less, even more preferably 50 nm or less, still more preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the shielding property of heat rays can be further enhanced when the inorganic pigment (X) is a heat-shielding pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) as a whole is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) is preferably 70 nm or less, and the inorganic pigment (X).
- the average particle size of each of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments (X) is 70 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or less, and more.
- the average particle diameters of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments (X) are preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 60 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less, respectively. It is more preferably 40 nm or less, particularly preferably 30 nm or less, and most preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the heat ray shielding property can be further enhanced when the inorganic pigment (X) is a heat shield pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (X) is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the pigment contains the inorganic pigment (Y) (that is, an inorganic pigment other than the two types of carbon black and graphene), the average particles of the inorganic pigment (Y).
- the diameter is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less, and further. It is preferably 30 nm or less, and particularly preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the heat ray shielding property can be further enhanced when the inorganic pigment (Y) is a heat shield pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- two or more kinds of inorganic pigments (Y) are used in combination as the inorganic pigment (Y), it is preferable that the average particle size of each inorganic pigment (Y) satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 0. It is 1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, when the pigment contains the inorganic pigment (Y), the overall average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) contained in the interlayer film is preferably 50 nm or less. , More preferably 40 nm or less, still more preferably 30 nm or less, and particularly preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the heat ray shielding property can be further enhanced when the inorganic pigment (Y) is a heat insulating pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) as a whole is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) is preferably 50 nm or less, and the inorganic pigment (Y).
- the average particle size of each of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments (Y) is 50 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1.0 nm or more, preferably 50 nm or less, and more.
- the average particle diameters of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments (Y) are preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less, still more preferably 30 nm or less, particularly. It is preferably 26.5 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) is at least the above lower limit, the heat ray shielding property can be further enhanced when the inorganic pigment (Y) is a heat shield pigment.
- the average particle size of the inorganic pigment (Y) is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average particle size of the pigment means the diameter equivalent to the average circle.
- the average particle size of the pigment can be measured as follows.
- a polyvinyl butyral resin (polyvinyl alcohol polymerization degree 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, butyralization degree 69 mol%). 0.015% by weight of 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl butyral resin, 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and 100% by weight of the total amount of the polyvinyl butyral resin, 3GO and the pigment.
- the pigment to be the content is kneaded and extruded to obtain a resin film (single layer, evaluation resin film) having a thickness of 760 ⁇ m.
- the obtained resin film is observed with an electron microscope such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the microscope image is analyzed and the equivalent circle diameter of each pigment is calculated.
- the average value of the circle-equivalent diameters of any 50 pigments is defined as the average particle diameter (average circle-equivalent diameter
- the average aspect ratio of the pigment is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the average aspect ratio of the pigment should be closer to 1. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding property, the average aspect ratio of the pigment is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more. When two or more kinds of pigments are used in combination as the above pigments, it is preferable that the average aspect ratio of each pigment satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average aspect ratio of the pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0. It is as follows. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the average aspect ratio of the pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole should be closer to 1. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding property, the average aspect ratio of the pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the pigment is 4.0 or less when there is only one type of the pigment, and when there are two or more types of the pigment. It is preferable that the average aspect ratios of the two or more pigments are 4.0 or less, respectively. When there is only one kind of the pigment, the average aspect ratio of the pigment is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, it is preferable that the average aspect ratio of the pigment is closer to 1 when there is only one type of the pigment.
- the average aspect ratio of the pigment is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more kinds of the pigments is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less, respectively.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more pigments is better to be closer to 1.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more pigments is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more, respectively.
- the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3. It is less than or equal to 0.0. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment should be closer to 1. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding property, the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more. When two or more kinds of organic pigments are used in combination as the organic pigment, it is preferable that the average aspect ratio of each organic pigment satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment contained in the interlayer film is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 4.0 or less. It is 3.5 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the average aspect ratio of the organic pigments contained in the interlayer film as a whole should be closer to 1. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding property, the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment is 4.0 or less.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more organic pigments is 4.0 or less, respectively.
- the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, it is preferable that the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment is closer to 1 when there is only one kind of the organic pigment.
- the average aspect ratio of the organic pigment is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more kinds of organic pigments is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less, respectively. ..
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more organic pigments should be closer to one.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more organic pigments is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more, respectively.
- the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3. It is less than or equal to 0.0. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment should be closer to 1. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding property, the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more. When two or more kinds of inorganic pigments are used in combination as the inorganic pigment, it is preferable that the average aspect ratio of each inorganic pigment satisfies the above-mentioned lower limit or upper limit.
- the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 4.0 or less. It is 3.5 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less. From the viewpoint of making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigments contained in the interlayer film as a whole should be closer to 1. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat-shielding property, the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment contained in the interlayer film as a whole is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment is 4.0 or less.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments is 4.0 or less, respectively.
- the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less.
- the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment is closer to 1 when there is only one kind of the inorganic pigment.
- the average aspect ratio of the inorganic pigment is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments is preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3.0 or less, respectively. ..
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more kinds of the above-mentioned inorganic pigments should be closer to 1, respectively.
- the average aspect ratio of the two or more kinds of the inorganic pigments is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.2 or more, respectively.
- the aspect ratio of the above pigment indicates a major axis / minor axis.
- the average aspect ratio of the pigment can be measured as follows.
- a resin film (single layer, evaluation resin film) having a thickness of 760 ⁇ m is obtained in the same manner as in the method for measuring the average particle size of the pigment.
- the obtained resin film is observed with an electron microscope such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the microscopic image is analyzed and the aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of each pigment is calculated.
- the average value of the aspect ratios of any 50 pigments is defined as the average aspect ratio of the pigments.
- the number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 4.0 or less is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 90% or more.
- the number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 4.0 or less is not more than the above lower limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 3.5 or less is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 90% or more.
- the number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 3.5 or less is not more than the above lower limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 3.0 or less is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 90% or more.
- the number of pigments having an aspect ratio of 3.0 or less is not more than the above lower limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average distance between adjacent pigments is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m.
- the above is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average distance between adjacent organic pigments in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the organic pigment is It is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average distance is at least the above lower limit and at least the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average distance between adjacent inorganic pigments in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the inorganic pigment is It is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average distance is at least the above lower limit and at least the above upper limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the average distance between adjacent pigments is the average distance between the surfaces of two adjacent pigments. Further, the distance between adjacent pigments is the distance between the surfaces of any one pigment and the pigment closest to the pigment.
- the content of the pigment is preferably 0.0001% by weight in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer). As mentioned above, it is more preferably 0.001% by weight or more.
- the content of the pigment is preferably 2% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer). It is more preferably 1% by weight or less, further preferably 0.1% by weight or less, still more preferably 0.012% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.010% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.008% by weight or less. ..
- the content of the pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur. Further, when the content of the pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the heat shielding property can be further enhanced and the color tone can be satisfactorily imparted to the interlayer film.
- the above intermediate film is contained in 100% by weight, or in 100% by weight of the layer containing the organic pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer).
- the content of the organic pigment is preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.001% by weight or more.
- the above intermediate film is contained in 100% by weight, or in 100% by weight of the layer containing the organic pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer).
- the content of the organic pigment is preferably 2% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the above intermediate film is contained in 100% by weight, or in 100% by weight of the layer containing the organic pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer).
- the content of the organic pigment is further preferably 0.1% by weight or less, further preferably 0.012% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.010% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.008% by weight or less.
- the content of the organic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to further reduce the occurrence of blue cloudiness. Further, when the content of the organic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the heat shielding property can be further enhanced and the color tone can be satisfactorily imparted to the interlayer film.
- the above intermediate film is contained in 100% by weight, or in 100% by weight of the layer (first layer, second layer or third layer) containing the inorganic pigment.
- the content of the inorganic pigment is preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.001% by weight or more.
- the above intermediate film is contained in 100% by weight, or in 100% by weight of the layer (first layer, second layer or third layer) containing the inorganic pigment.
- the content of the inorganic pigment is preferably 2% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the above intermediate film is contained in 100% by weight, or in 100% by weight of the layer (first layer, second layer or third layer) containing the inorganic pigment.
- the content of the inorganic pigment is even more preferably 0.1% by weight or less, further preferably 0.012% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.010% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.008% by weight or less.
- the content of the inorganic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur. Further, when the content of the inorganic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the heat shielding property can be further enhanced and the color tone can be satisfactorily imparted to the interlayer film.
- the density of the pigment is preferably 0.0001 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 0. .001 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the pigment is preferably 2 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 g / cm. It is 3 or less.
- the density of the pigment is more preferably 0.1 g / cm 3 or less, still more preferably.
- the density of the pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur. Further, when the density of the pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the heat shielding property can be further enhanced and the color tone can be satisfactorily imparted to the interlayer film.
- the density of the organic pigment in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the organic pigment is determined. It is preferably 0.0001 g / cm 3 or more, and more preferably 0.001 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the organic pigment in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the organic pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer) is determined. It is preferably 2 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of the organic pigment in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the organic pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer) is determined.
- the density of the organic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur. Further, when the density of the organic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the heat shielding property can be further enhanced and the color tone can be satisfactorily imparted to the interlayer film.
- the density of the inorganic pigment in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the inorganic pigment is determined. It is preferably 0.0001 g / cm 3 or more, and more preferably 0.001 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the inorganic pigment in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the inorganic pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer) is determined. It is preferably 2 g / cm 3 or less, and more preferably 1 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of the inorganic pigment in the interlayer film or in the layer containing the inorganic pigment is determined. even more preferably 0.1 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.012 g / cm 3 or less, particularly preferably 0.010 g / cm 3 or less, most preferably 0.008 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of the inorganic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to make it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur. Further, when the density of the inorganic pigment is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the heat shielding property can be further enhanced and the color tone can be satisfactorily imparted to the interlayer film.
- the interlayer film preferably contains a resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as resin (0)).
- the interlayer film preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (0)).
- the interlayer film preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (0)) as the thermoplastic resin (0).
- the first layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as resin (1)).
- the first layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (1)).
- the first layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (1)) as the thermoplastic resin (1).
- the second layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as resin (2)).
- the second layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (2)).
- the second layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) as the thermoplastic resin (2).
- the third layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as resin (3)).
- the third layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (3)).
- the third layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (3)) as the thermoplastic resin (3).
- the resin (1), the resin (2), and the resin (3) may be the same or different. It is preferable that the resin (1) is different from the resin (2) and the resin (3) because the sound insulation is further improved.
- the thermoplastic resin (1), the thermoplastic resin (2), and the thermoplastic resin (3) may be the same or different. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin (1) is different from the thermoplastic resin (2) and the thermoplastic resin (3) because the sound insulation is further improved.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin (1), the polyvinyl acetal resin (2), and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may be the same or different. It is preferable that the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is different from the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) because the sound insulation property is further improved. Only one type of the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin (0), the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin (1), the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin (2), and the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin (3) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. You may.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin (0), the polyvinyl acetal resin (1), the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You may.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, ionomer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin and the like. Thermoplastic resins other than these may be used.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced, for example, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably an acetal product of polyvinyl alcohol.
- the polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is generally in the range of 70 mol% to 99.9 mol%.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, still more preferably 1500 or more, still more preferably 1600 or more, particularly preferably 2600 or more, and most preferably 2700 or more. It is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, and even more preferably 3500 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization is at least the above lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further increased.
- the average degree of polymerization is not more than the above upper limit, molding of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the average degree of polymerization of the above polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method based on JIS K6726 "polyvinyl alcohol test method".
- the carbon number of the acetal group contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the aldehyde used in producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 or 4 carbon atoms. When the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin has 3 or more carbon atoms, the glass transition temperature of the interlayer film becomes sufficiently low.
- the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin may have 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- the above aldehyde is not particularly limited. Generally, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used. Examples of the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde, isobutylaldehyde, n-barrel aldehyde, 2-ethylbutylaldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, and n-nonylaldehyde. , N-decylaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and the like.
- the aldehyde is preferably propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde, isobutylaldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde or n-barrel aldehyde, more preferably propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde or isobutylaldehyde, and n-butyl.
- Aldehydes are even more preferred. Only one kind of the above aldehyde may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (0) is preferably 15 mol% or more, more preferably 18 mol% or more, preferably 40 mol% or less, and more preferably 35 mol% or less. be.
- the content of the hydroxyl group is at least the above lower limit, the adhesive strength of the interlayer film becomes even higher. Further, when the content of the hydroxyl group is not more than the above upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film is increased and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 17 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, still more preferably 22 mol% or more.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 28 mol% or less, still more preferably 27 mol% or less, still more preferably 25 mol% or less. It is particularly preferably less than 25 mol%, most preferably 24 mol% or less.
- the content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 20 mol% or more, the reaction efficiency is high and the productivity is excellent, and when it is 28 mol% or less, the sound insulation of the laminated glass is further improved. .. Further, when the content of the hydroxyl group is not more than the above upper limit or less than the above upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film is increased and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the content of each hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 28 mol% or more, still more preferably 30 mol% or more, still more preferably. It exceeds 31 mol%, more preferably 31.5 mol% or more, particularly preferably 32 mol% or more, and most preferably 33 mol% or more.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 37 mol% or less, still more preferably 36.5 mol% or less, and particularly preferably. Is 36 mol% or less.
- the adhesive strength of the interlayer film becomes even higher. Further, when the content of the hydroxyl group is not more than the above upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film is increased and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is lower than the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2). From the viewpoint of further enhancing the sound insulation property, it is preferable that the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is lower than the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (3). From the viewpoint of further enhancing the sound insulation property, the absolute value of the difference between the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) is preferably 1 mol% or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 1 mol% or more. , More preferably 5 mol% or more, still more preferably 9 mol% or more, particularly preferably 10 mol% or more, and most preferably 12 mol% or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) is preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the absolute value of the difference between the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, and the mole fraction is shown as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl groups are bonded can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Polyvinyl butyral test method".
- the degree of acetylation (acetyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (0) is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 0.3 mol% or more, still more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, and is preferable. Is 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, still more preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetylation is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation is not more than the above upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation (acetyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more, still more preferably 7 mol% or more, still more preferably 9. It is mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, still more preferably 24 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetylation is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation is not more than the above upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 0.1 mol% or more and 25 mol% or less, the penetration resistance is excellent.
- the degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, and preferably 10 mol% or less. More preferably, it is 2 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetylation is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation is not more than the above upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain and showing the mole fraction as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene group to which the acetyl group is bonded can be measured according to, for example, JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method".
- the degree of acetalization (in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin, the degree of butyralization) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (0) is preferably 60 mol% or more, more preferably 63 mol% or more, preferably 85 mol% or less, and more. It is preferably 75 mol% or less, more preferably 70 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetalization is not more than the above upper limit, the reaction time required for producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
- the degree of acetalization (in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin, the degree of butyralization) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 47 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 85 mol% or less, and more. It is preferably 80 mol% or less, more preferably 75 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetalization is not more than the above upper limit, the reaction time required for producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
- the degree of acetalization (in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin, the degree of butyralization) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 55 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more. It is preferably 75 mol% or less, more preferably 71 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetalization is not more than the above upper limit, the reaction time required for producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
- the above acetalization degree is obtained as follows. First, the value obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group is bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which the acetyl group is bonded is obtained from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The obtained value is divided by the total ethylene group content of the main chain to obtain the mole fraction. The value obtained by expressing this mole fraction as a percentage is the degree of acetalization.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount), acetalization degree (butyralization degree) and acetylation degree are preferably calculated from the results measured by a method based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method". However, the measurement by ASTM D1396-92 may be used.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount), the acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and the acetylation degree are based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method”. Can be calculated from the results measured by.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably. It is 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin may be 100% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin of the interlayer film is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the first layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and further. It is preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin may be 100% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the first layer.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the first layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the second layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and further. It is preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the second layer may be 100% by weight or less.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the second layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the third layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and further. It is preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin may be 100% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the third layer.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the third layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the interlayer film preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a plasticizer (0)).
- the first layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a plasticizer (1)).
- the second layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a plasticizer (2)).
- the third layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a plasticizer (3)).
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is a polyvinyl acetal resin
- the layer containing the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the above plasticizer is not particularly limited. Conventionally known plasticizers can be used as the plasticizers. Only one kind of the above-mentioned plasticizer may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- plasticizer examples include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic subphosphoric acid plasticizers.
- the plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.
- Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include glycol esters obtained by reacting glycol with a monobasic organic acid.
- Examples of the glycol include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and the like.
- Examples of the monobasic organic acid include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptyl acid, n-octyl acid, 2-ethylhexic acid, n-nonyl acid, decyl acid and benzoic acid.
- polybasic organic acid ester examples include an ester compound of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- polybasic organic acid examples include adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid and the like.
- organic ester plasticizer examples include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanol, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, and triethylene glycol dicaprylate.
- Triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-Propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol Di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dihexyl adipate,
- Examples include a mixture with and.
- the organic ester plasticizer other organic ester plasticizers may be used.
- the adipate ester an adipate ester other than the above-mentioned adipate ester may be used.
- organophosphorus plasticizer examples include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate and the like.
- the plasticizer is preferably a diester plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).
- R1 and R2 each represent an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R3 represents an ethylene group, an isopropylene group or an n-propylene group
- p represents an integer of 3 to 10.
- Each of R1 and R2 in the above formula (1) is preferably an organic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an organic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the plasticizer preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate. ..
- the plasticizer preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), more preferably triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate. It is more preferred to include ate (3GO).
- the content of the plasticizer (0) in 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (0) in the interlayer film is defined as the content (0).
- the content (0) is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, further preferably 30 parts by weight or more, preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 60 parts by weight or less, still more preferably. Is 50 parts by weight or less.
- the content (0) is at least the above lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further increased.
- the transparency of the interlayer film becomes even higher.
- the content of the plasticizer (1) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (1) is defined as the content (1).
- the content (1) is preferably 50 parts by weight or more, more preferably 55 parts by weight or more, and further preferably 60 parts by weight or more.
- the content (1) is preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 90 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 85 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 80 parts by weight or less.
- the content (1) is at least the above lower limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film becomes high and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the content (1) is not more than the upper limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further increased.
- the content of the plasticizer (2) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (2) is defined as the content (2).
- the content of the plasticizer (3) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (3) is defined as the content (3).
- the content (2) and the content (3) are preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 20 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably. Is 24 parts by weight or more, most preferably 25 parts by weight or more.
- the content (2) and the content (3) are preferably 45 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 35 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 32 parts by weight or less, most preferably.
- the content (1) is preferably higher than the content (2), and the content (1) is preferably higher than the content (3).
- the absolute value of the difference between the above-mentioned content (2) and the above-mentioned content (1), and the difference between the above-mentioned content (3) and the above-mentioned content (1) is preferably 10 parts by weight or more, more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 20 parts by weight or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the content (2) and the content (1) and the absolute value of the difference between the content (3) and the content (1) are preferably 80 parts by weight or less, respectively. It is more preferably 75 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 70 parts by weight or less.
- the interlayer film preferably contains a dispersant.
- the first layer may or may not contain a dispersant.
- the second layer may or may not contain a dispersant.
- the third layer may or may not contain a dispersant.
- the layer containing the pigment preferably contains a dispersant. By using the dispersant, the dispersibility of the pigment can be further enhanced, and as a result, blue cloudiness can be further reduced.
- the dispersant only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- dispersant examples include a phosphate ester (phosphate ester dispersant), a diketone compound (diketone dispersant), a polyurethane compound (polyurethane dispersant), a carboxylic acid (carboxylic acid dispersant), and an amine compound (amine).
- phosphate ester phosphate ester dispersant
- diketone compound diketone dispersant
- polyurethane compound polyurethane dispersant
- carboxylic acid carboxylic acid
- amine compound amine compound
- System dispersant ricinoleic acid ester compound (ricinol acid ester system dispersant) and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid ester include polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphoric acid esters such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether phosphoric acid ester, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether phosphoric acid ester, and polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether phosphoric acid ester; poly.
- the phosphoric acid ester is preferably a phosphoric acid ester type surfactant, and more preferably a phosphoric acid ester type anionic surfactant.
- Examples of the diketone compound include acetylacetone, diacetyl, benzoyltrifluoroacetone and dipivaloylmethane.
- polyurethane compound examples include basic polyurethane, polyurethane-acrylic, polyurethane-polyurea, polyester-polyurethane, polyether-polyurethane, and silicone polyurethane.
- carboxylic acid examples include polycarboxylic acids and the like.
- Examples of the amine compound include tetradecylamine acetate, laurylamine, oleylamine, distearylamine, dimethyllaurylamine and the like.
- ricinoleic acid ester compound examples include glycerin ricinoleic acid monoester, polyglycerin ricinoleic acid monoester, and acetylricinoleic acid ester.
- the dispersant preferably contains a phosphoric acid ester or a diketone compound, and preferably contains at least a phosphoric acid ester. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the dispersibility of the pigment and making it more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur, the dispersant preferably contains a dispersant other than the nonionic surfactant, and more preferably contains an anionic surfactant. preferable.
- the interlayer film may not contain a nonionic surfactant.
- the content of the dispersant is preferably 0.000001% by weight in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer). % Or more, more preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, preferably 1% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.1% by weight or less.
- the content of the dispersant is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the dispersibility of the pigment can be further enhanced, and as a result, blue cloudiness can be further less likely to occur.
- the layer containing the pigment With respect to 100 parts by weight of the pigment in the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer), the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer or third layer).
- the content of the dispersant in the layer) is preferably 0.000001 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.00001 parts by weight or more, preferably 1 part by weight or less, and more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or less. ..
- the content of the dispersant is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the dispersibility of the pigment can be further enhanced, and as a result, blue cloudiness can be further less likely to occur.
- the interlayer film preferably contains an adhesive force adjusting agent.
- the first layer preferably contains an adhesive force adjusting agent.
- the second layer preferably contains an adhesive force adjusting agent.
- the third layer preferably contains an adhesive force adjusting agent.
- Examples of the adhesive strength adjusting agent include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- the alkaline earth metal means six kinds of metals, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.
- the adhesive strength adjusting agent is preferably a metal salt containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.
- the metal salt contained in the interlayer film preferably contains at least one of K and Mg.
- the adhesive strength adjusting agent is preferably an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the adhesive strength adjusting agent is more preferably an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid, and is an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or an alkali metal salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid.
- the adhesive strength adjusting agent is particularly preferably a magnesium carboxylic acid salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a potassium carboxylic acid salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms. In this case, the adhesiveness between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member or the adhesiveness between the layers of the interlayer film can be controlled more satisfactorily, and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass can be further enhanced.
- magnesium carboxylic acid salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and the potassium carboxylic acid salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms include magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate, magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, and 2-ethylbutanoic acid. Examples thereof include potassium, magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
- the total content of Mg and K is preferably 5 ppm or more, more preferably. Is 10 ppm or more, more preferably 20 ppm or more, preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 250 ppm or less, still more preferably 200 ppm or less.
- the adhesiveness between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member or the adhesiveness between each layer of the interlayer film can be controlled more well, and the laminated glass can be controlled. Penetration resistance can be further improved.
- the interlayer film preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the first layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the second layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the third layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent may be a pigment or may not be a pigment. Due to the use of the ultraviolet shielding agent, the visible light transmittance is less likely to decrease even if the interlayer film and the laminated glass are used for a long period of time. Only one kind of the above-mentioned ultraviolet shielding agent may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- the above UV shielding agent contains a UV absorber.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet absorber.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent examples include an ultraviolet shielding agent containing a metal atom, an ultraviolet shielding agent containing a metal oxide, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure (benzotriazole compound), and an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure (benzophenone compound). ), An ultraviolet shielding agent having a triazine structure (triazine compound), an ultraviolet shielding agent having a malonic acid ester structure (malonic acid ester compound), an ultraviolet shielding agent having a oxalic acid anilide structure (a oxalic acid anilide compound), and a benzoate structure. Examples thereof include an ultraviolet shielding agent (benzoate compound).
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal atom include platinum particles, particles in which the surface of platinum particles is coated with silica, palladium particles, particles in which the surface of palladium particles is coated with silica, and the like.
- the UV shielding agent is preferably not heat-shielding particles.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a triazine structure, or an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzoate structure.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is more preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure or an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, and further preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide and the like. Further, the surface of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide may be coated. Examples of the coating material on the surface of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide include insulating metal oxides, hydrolyzable organosilicon compounds, silicone compounds and the like.
- the insulating metal oxide examples include silica, alumina and zirconia.
- the insulating metal oxide has a bandgap energy of, for example, 5.0 eV or more.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure include 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole ("TinuvinP” manufactured by BASF), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole (BASF "Tinuvin320"), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole (BASF) "Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-amylphenyl) benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328" manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is excellent in the ability to shield ultraviolet rays
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a halogen atom, and may be an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a chlorine atom. More preferred.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure include octabenzone (“Chimassorb81” manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- UV shielding agent having the above triazine structure
- examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having the above triazine structure include "LA-F70” manufactured by ADEKA and 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl) -5-[(hexyl).
- Oxy] -phenol (“Tinuvin1577FF” manufactured by BASF) and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a malonic acid ester structure include dimethyl 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene) malonate, tetraethyl-2,2- (1,4-phenylenedimethylidene) bismaronate, and 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene). ) -Bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl4-piperidinyl) malonate and the like.
- Examples of commercially available products of the ultraviolet shielding agent having the malonic acid ester structure include Hostavin B-CAP, Hostavin PR-25, and Hostavin PR-31 (all manufactured by Clariant).
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having an oxalic acid anilides structure include N- (2-ethylphenyl) -N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl) oxalic acid diamide and N- (2-ethylphenyl)-.
- a oxalic acid having an aryl group substituted on a nitrogen atom such as N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl) oxalic acid diamide and 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxalanilide ("SanduvorVSU" manufactured by Clariant). Examples include diamides.
- ultraviolet shielding agent having the benzoate structure examples include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (“Tinuvin 120” manufactured by BASF) and the like. ..
- the content is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more, still more preferably 0.3% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or more. In this case, even if the interlayer film and the laminated glass are used for a long period of time, the visible light transmittance is less likely to decrease.
- the content is preferably 2.5% by weight or less, more preferably 2% by weight or less, still more preferably 1% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.8% by weight or less.
- the content of the ultraviolet shielding agent is 0.2% by weight or more in 100% by weight of the layer containing the ultraviolet shielding agent, the visible light transmittance even if the interlayer film and the laminated glass are used for a long period of time. Is less likely to decrease.
- the interlayer film preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the first layer preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the second layer preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the third layer preferably contains an antioxidant.
- antioxidants examples include phenol-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants and the like.
- the above-mentioned phenolic antioxidant is an antioxidant having a phenol skeleton.
- the sulfur-based antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a sulfur atom.
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a phosphorus atom.
- the above-mentioned antioxidant is preferably a phenol-based antioxidant or a phosphorus-based antioxidant, and more preferably a phenol-based antioxidant.
- phenolic antioxidant examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, and stearyl-.
- Examples of the phosphorus-based antioxidant include tridecylphosphite, tris (tridecyl) phosphite, triphenylphosphite, trinonylphenylphosphite, bis (tridecyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and bis (decyl) pentaerythritol diphos.
- antioxidants are preferably used.
- antioxidants Commercially available products of the above-mentioned antioxidant include, for example, "IRGANOX 245" manufactured by BASF, "IRGAFOS 168" manufactured by BASF, “IRGAFOS 38" manufactured by BASF, “Smilizer BHT” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and “Smilizer BHT” manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Examples thereof include “H-BHT” and "IRGANOX 1010" manufactured by BASF.
- a layer (first layer, second layer or third layer) containing an antioxidant or in 100% by weight of the interlayer film In order to maintain the high visible light transmittance of the interlayer film and laminated glass for a long period of time, a layer (first layer, second layer or third layer) containing an antioxidant or in 100% by weight of the interlayer film.
- the content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.1% by weight or more in 100% by weight. Further, since the effect of adding the antioxidant is saturated, the content of the antioxidant is preferably 2% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the antioxidant. ..
- the interlayer film, the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer may each contain other components, if necessary.
- the other components include additives such as a light stabilizer, a coupling agent, a surfactant, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a moisture resistant agent, a fluorescent whitening agent, and an infrared absorber. Only one of these additives may be used, or two or more of these additives may be used in combination.
- the interlayer film has one end and the other end on the opposite side of the one end.
- the one end and the other end are both end portions facing each other in the interlayer film.
- the interlayer film may be an interlayer film in which the thickness of the one end and the thickness of the other end are the same, or the thickness of the other end may be larger than the thickness of the one end.
- the maximum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more, still more preferably 0.5 mm or more, particularly preferably 0.8 mm or more, and preferably 3.8 mm or less, more preferably. Is 2.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or less.
- the maximum thickness of the surface layer is preferably 0.001 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more, still more preferably 0.3 mm or more. Yes, preferably 1.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.8 mm or less.
- the maximum thickness of the layer (intermediate layer) arranged between the two surface layers is preferably 0.001 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm. As mentioned above, it is more preferably 0.2 mm or more, preferably 0.8 mm or less, more preferably 0.6 mm or less, still more preferably 0.3 mm or less.
- the distance between one end and the other end of the interlayer film is preferably 3.0 m or less, more preferably 2.0 m or less, particularly preferably 1.5 m or less, preferably 0.5 m or more, and more preferably 0. It is 8 m or more, particularly preferably 1.0 m or more.
- the interlayer film may be rolled into a roll of the interlayer film.
- the roll body may include a winding core and an interlayer film wound around the outer circumference of the winding core.
- the method for producing the interlayer film is not particularly limited.
- the same polyvinyl acetal resin is contained in the second layer and the third layer. Since the production efficiency of the interlayer film is excellent, it is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer. It is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed of the same resin composition because the intermediate film production efficiency is excellent.
- the interlayer film has an uneven shape on at least one of the surfaces on both sides. It is more preferable that the interlayer film has an uneven shape on both surfaces.
- the method for forming the uneven shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a lip embossing method (melt fracture method), an embossing roll method, a calendar roll method, and a deformed extrusion method.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is arranged between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in FIG.
- the laminated glass 31 shown in FIG. 3 includes a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and an interlayer film 11.
- the interlayer film 11 is arranged between the first laminated glass member 21 and the second laminated glass member 22 and is sandwiched therein.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the first surface of the interlayer film 11.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the interlayer film 11.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the outer surface of the second layer 2.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the outer surface of the third layer 3.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass shown in FIG. 2.
- the laminated glass 31A shown in FIG. 4 includes a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and an interlayer film 11A.
- the interlayer film 11A is arranged between the first laminated glass member 21 and the second laminated glass member 22 and is sandwiched therein.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the first surface of the interlayer film 11A.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the interlayer film 11.
- the laminated glass interlayer film contains a pigment.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention may be used.
- the value YId obtained by subtracting the yellow index YIp calculated from the parallel line transmittance from the yellow index YIt calculated from the total light transmittance is ⁇ 1.0 or more.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention preferably satisfies the formula: YId ⁇ ⁇ 1.0.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, it is possible to prevent blue cloudiness from occurring.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention even though the interlayer film contains a pigment, it is possible to prevent blue cloudiness from occurring.
- the total light transmittance of the laminated glass according to the present invention is measured in the same manner as the total light transmittance of the laminated glass X.
- the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass according to the present invention is measured in the same manner as the parallel line transmittance of the laminated glass X.
- the value YId in the laminated glass according to the present invention is preferably -1.0 or more, more preferably -0.9 or more, still more preferably -0.8 or more, still more preferably -0.7 or more, and further. It is more preferably ⁇ 0.6 or higher, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.5 or higher, and most preferably ⁇ 0.4 or higher. When the above value YId is at least the above lower limit, it is possible to make it even more difficult for blue cloudiness to occur.
- the value YId may be 10.0 or less, 9.0 or less, or 8.0 or less.
- the laminated glass may be a head-up display.
- the laminated glass When the laminated glass is a head-up display, the laminated glass has a display area of the head-up display.
- the display area is an area where information can be displayed satisfactorily.
- a head-up display system can be obtained by using the above-mentioned head-up display.
- the head-up display system includes the laminated glass and a light source device for irradiating the laminated glass with light for displaying an image.
- the light source device can be attached to a dashboard, for example, in a vehicle.
- An image can be displayed by irradiating the display area of the laminated glass with light from the light source device.
- the first laminated glass member is preferably a first glass plate.
- the second laminated glass member is preferably a second glass plate.
- first and second laminated glass members include a glass plate and a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film.
- the laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like.
- the laminated glass is a laminated body provided with a glass plate, and it is preferable that at least one glass plate is used.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are glass plates or PET films, respectively, and the laminated glass is the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. It is preferable to provide a glass plate as at least one of them. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.
- the glass plate examples include inorganic glass and organic glass.
- the inorganic glass examples include float plate glass, heat ray absorbing plate glass, heat ray reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, lined plate glass, green glass and the like.
- the organic glass is a synthetic resin glass that replaces the inorganic glass.
- examples of the organic glass include a polycarbonate plate and a poly (meth) acrylic resin plate.
- examples of the poly (meth) acrylic resin plate include a polymethyl (meth) acrylate plate.
- each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 1 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less.
- the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. ..
- the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more, preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the manufacturing method of the above laminated glass is not particularly limited. First, an interlayer film is sandwiched between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminated body. Next, for example, by passing the obtained laminated body through a pressing roll or putting it in a rubber bag and sucking it under reduced pressure, the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film are subjected to each other. Degas the air remaining in between. Then, it is pre-bonded at about 70 ° C. to 110 ° C. to obtain a pre-bonded laminate. Next, the pre-crimped laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed, and crimped at a pressure of about 120 ° C. to 150 ° C. and 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. In this way, laminated glass can be obtained.
- the interlayer film and laminated glass can be used for automobiles, railroad vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc.
- the interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used for other purposes.
- the interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably an interlayer film and a laminated glass for a vehicle or a building, and more preferably an interlayer film and a laminated glass for a vehicle.
- the interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used for windshields, side glasses, rear glasses, roof glasses, backlight glasses and the like of automobiles.
- the interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably used for automobiles.
- the interlayer film is suitably used for obtaining laminated glass for automobiles.
- n-butyraldehyde having 4 carbon atoms is used for acetalization.
- degree of acetalization degree of butyralization
- degree of acetylation degree of acetylation
- content of hydroxyl groups were measured by a method based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method”.
- ASTM D1396-92 the same numerical value as the method based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method” was shown.
- ITO particle 1 (average particle diameter 26 nm, average aspect ratio 1.8) ITO particles 2 (average particle diameter 42 nm, average aspect ratio 2.2) ITO particles 3 (average particle diameter 26 nm, average aspect ratio 4.1) CWO particle 1 (average particle diameter 28 nm, average aspect ratio 2.9, Cs 0.33 WO 3 ) Carbon black (average particle diameter 59 nm, average aspect ratio 1.9) Perylene (average particle size 37 nm, average aspect ratio 1.7) Quinacridone (average particle size 49 nm, average aspect ratio 2.4)
- the average particle size and average aspect ratio of each pigment were obtained as follows.
- a polyvinyl butyral resin (polyvinyl alcohol polymerization degree 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, butyralization degree 69 mol%) was prepared. 0.015% by weight of 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl butyral resin, 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and 100% by weight of the total amount of the polyvinyl butyral resin, 3GO and the pigment. The pigment to be the content was kneaded and extruded to obtain a resin film (single layer, evaluation resin film) having a thickness of 760 ⁇ m.
- the obtained resin film was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (“HT7700 type” manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) at a magnification of 5000 times.
- the micrograph was analyzed by image analysis software (“Win ROOF” manufactured by Mitani Shoji), and the equivalent circle diameter and aspect ratio of the pigment were calculated.
- the average particle size and average aspect ratio of each pigment were obtained by calculating the circle-equivalent diameter and aspect ratio of each of the 50 pigments extracted from the micrograph and calculating the average value.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 1 polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB1), average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 69 mol%)
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 2 polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB2), average degree of polymerization 3300, hydroxyl group content 25.0 mol%, acetylation degree 12.5 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 62.5 mol%)
- composition for forming an interlayer Preparation of composition for forming an interlayer: The following components were mixed and sufficiently kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a composition for forming an interlayer film.
- Polyvinyl butyral resin 100 parts by weight Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) 40 parts by weight ITO particles 1 in an amount of 0.00170 g / cm 3 in the obtained interlayer film
- a phosphate ester-type anionic surfactant in an amount of 0.015% by weight in the obtained interlayer film
- Acetylacetone in an amount of 0.066% by weight in the obtained intermediate film
- the magnesium content in the obtained intermediate film is Adhesive strength adjuster (Mg mixture) in an amount of 65 ppm Antioxidant (BHT) in an amount of 0.2% by weight in the obtained interlayer film.
- UV shielding agent Tinuvin 326) in an amount of 0.2% by weight in the obtained interlayer film.
- Preparation of interlayer film The composition for forming the interlayer film was extruded using an extruder to prepare a single-layer interlayer film (thickness 760 ⁇ m) having only the first layer.
- Laminated glass production The obtained interlayer film was sandwiched between two pieces of clear glass (length 300 mm ⁇ width 300 mm) having a thickness of 2.5 mm in accordance with JIS R3202: 1996 to obtain a laminated body.
- the obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes, then transferred into an oven with the degassed, held at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes, and vacuum pressed.
- the pre-crimped laminate was crimped for 20 minutes in an autoclave under the conditions of 135 ° C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa to obtain a laminated glass.
- the obtained laminated glass corresponds to the above-mentioned laminated glass X.
- Examples 2 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 A single-layer interlayer film (thickness 760 ⁇ m) and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and contents of the compounding components were changed as shown in Tables 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. did.
- the antioxidant and the ultraviolet shielding agent were used in the same type and blending amount as in Example 1.
- composition for forming the first layer Preparation of composition for forming the first layer: The following components were mixed and sufficiently kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a composition for forming the first layer.
- PVB2 polyvinyl butyral resin
- BHT triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate
- composition for forming the second layer and the third layer The following components were mixed and sufficiently kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a composition for forming a second layer and a third layer.
- Polyvinyl butyral resin 100 parts by weight Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) 37.5 parts by weight Amount of 0.00170 g / cm 3 in the obtained second layer and third layer ITO particles 1 Phosphate ester type anionic surfactant in an amount of 0.015% by weight in the obtained second layer and the third layer 0.066% by weight in the obtained second layer and the third layer. Amount of acetylacetone Adhesive strength adjuster (Mg mixture) in an amount such that the magnesium content in the obtained second layer and third layer is 65 ppm. An amount of the antioxidant (BHT) that is 0.2% by weight in the obtained second layer and the third layer. An amount of UV shielding agent (Tinuvin 326) of 0.2% by weight in the obtained second layer and the third layer.
- PVB170 g / cm 3 in the obtained second layer and third layer ITO particles 1 Phosphate ester type anionic surfactant in an amount of 0.015% by weight in the obtained second
- interlayer film The composition for forming the first layer and the composition for forming the second and third layers are coextruded using a coextruder to form a three-layer structure (second).
- a multi-layered interlayer film (thickness 800 ⁇ m) including a layer (thickness 350 ⁇ m) / first layer (thickness 100 ⁇ m) / third layer (thickness 350 ⁇ m)) was prepared.
- Laminated glass production Laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained interlayer film was used.
- the obtained laminated glass (length 300 mm x width 300 mm) was installed on the front surface of a light-shielding box (length 300 mm x width 300 mm x depth 400 mm, inner wall surface: black).
- S-Light (manufactured by Nippon Gijutsu Center Co., Ltd.) was installed at a position facing the front of the light-shielding box, and the laminated glass was irradiated with light.
- the laminated glass was visually observed from a position at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the main surface of the laminated glass, and it was evaluated whether or not the black background was confirmed.
- the black background when the black background is confirmed, it is described as " ⁇ ", and when the black background is not confirmed, it is described as "x".
- the black color of the background was not confirmed, the blue cloudiness of the laminated glass was observed.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜(本明細書において、「中間膜」と略記することがある)は、合わせガラスに用いられる。
上記中間膜は、顔料を含む。上記第1の層は、顔料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第2の層は、顔料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第3の層は、顔料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記顔料は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(0)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(0)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂(0)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(0)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(1)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(2)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(3)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂(1)と上記樹脂(2)と上記樹脂(3)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。遮音性がより一層高くなることから、上記樹脂(1)は、上記樹脂(2)及び上記樹脂(3)と異なっていることが好ましい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)と上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)と上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。遮音性がより一層高くなることから、上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)は、上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)及び上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)と異なっていることが好ましい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。遮音性がより一層高くなることから、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)は、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)及び上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)と異なっていることが好ましい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(0)、上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)、上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)及び上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(0)、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)及び上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記中間膜は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(0)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、中間膜(各層)は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。
上記中間膜は、分散剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、分散剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第2の層は、分散剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第3の層は、分散剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記顔料を含む層(第1の層、第2の層又は第3の層)は、分散剤を含むことが好ましい。分散剤を用いることにより、顔料の分散性をより一層高めることができ、その結果、青くもりをより一層生じ難くすることができる。上記分散剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。接着力調整剤を用いることにより、中間膜と合わせガラス部材との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。接着力調整剤を用いることにより、合わせガラスの耐貫通性を高めることができる。上記接着力調整剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は顔料であってもよく、顔料でなくてもよい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤を用いることにより、樹脂の劣化を効果的に抑えることができる。また、上記酸化防止剤を用いることにより、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜、上記第1の層、上記第2の層及び上記第3の層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、他の成分を含んでいてもよい。上記他の成分としては、光安定剤、カップリング剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤が挙げられる。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、一端と、上記一端の反対側に他端とを有する。上記一端と上記他端とは、中間膜において対向し合う両側の端部である。
本発明に係る合わせガラスは、第1の合わせガラス部材と、第2の合わせガラス部材と、合わせガラス用中間膜とを備える。本発明に係る合わせガラスでは、上記第1の合わせガラス部材と上記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、上記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている。
ITO粒子1(平均粒子径26nm、平均アスペクト比1.8)
ITO粒子2(平均粒子径42nm、平均アスペクト比2.2)
ITO粒子3(平均粒子径26nm、平均アスペクト比4.1)
CWO粒子1(平均粒子径28nm、平均アスペクト比2.9、Cs0.33WO3)
カーボンブラック(平均粒子径59nm、平均アスペクト比1.9)
ペリレン(平均粒子径37nm、平均アスペクト比1.7)
キナクリドン(平均粒子径49nm、平均アスペクト比2.4)
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂1(ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)69モル%)
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂2(ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB2)、平均重合度3300、水酸基の含有率25.0モル%、アセチル化度12.5モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)62.5モル%)
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
リン酸エステル型アニオン界面活性剤(第一工業製薬社製「プライサーフ208B」)
アセチルアセトン
非イオン界面活性剤(ミヨシ油脂社製「ペレテックス2020」)
Mg混合物(2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムと酢酸マグネシウムとの50:50(重量比)混合物)
フェノール系酸化防止剤(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT))
2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール(BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
中間膜を形成するための組成物の作製:
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、中間膜を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部
得られる中間膜中で0.00170g/cm3となる量のITO粒子1
得られる中間膜中で0.015重量%となる量のリン酸エステル型アニオン界面活性剤
得られる中間膜中で0.066重量%となる量のアセチルアセトン
得られる中間膜中でマグネシウムの含有量が65ppmとなる量の接着力調整剤(Mg混合物)
得られる中間膜中で0.2重量%となる量の酸化防止剤(BHT)
得られる中間膜中で0.2重量%となる量の紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)
中間膜を形成するための組成物を、押出機を用いて押出しすることにより、第1の層のみを備える単層の中間膜(厚み760μm)を作製した。
得られた中間膜を、JIS R3202:1996に準拠した厚み2.5mmのクリアガラス(縦300mm×横300mm)2枚の間に、得られた中間膜を挟み、積層体を得た。得られた積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラスを得た。得られた合わせガラスは、上述した合わせガラスXに相当する。
配合成分の種類及び含有量を表1,3,5,7,9に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、単層の中間膜(厚み760μm)及び合わせガラスを作製した。なお、酸化防止剤及び紫外線遮蔽剤は、実施例1と同一の種類及び配合量で用いた。
第1の層を形成するための組成物の作製:
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第1の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)60重量部
得られる第1の層中で0.2重量%となる量の酸化防止剤(BHT)
得られる第1の層中で0.2重量%となる量の紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)37.5重量部
得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.00170g/cm3となる量のITO粒子1
得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.015重量%となる量のリン酸エステル型アニオン界面活性剤
得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.066重量%となる量のアセチルアセトン
得られる第2の層及び第3の層中でマグネシウムの含有量が65ppmとなる量の接着力調整剤(Mg混合物)
得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.2重量%となる量の酸化防止剤(BHT)
得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.2重量%となる量の紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)
第1の層を形成するための組成物と、第2,第3の層を形成するための組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出することにより、3層の構造(第2の層(厚み350μm)/第1の層(厚み100μm)/第3の層(厚み350μm))を備える多層の中間膜(厚み800μm)を作製した。
得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
(1)イエローインデックスYIt、イエローインデックスYIp、及び値YId
合わせガラスの全光線透過率の測定:
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、透過した光が積分球へ受光するように、光源と積分球との光路上で光軸の法線に平行に、かつ積分球に接する位置に、得られた合わせガラスを設置して、可視光線透過率を測定した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、透過した平行光のみが積分球へ受光するように、光源と積分球との光路上で光軸の法線に平行に、かつ積分球から13cm離れた位置に、得られた合わせガラスを設置して、可視光線透過率を測定した。
JIS K7373に準拠して、全光線透過率からイエローインデックスYItを算出し、平行線透過率からイエローインデックスYIpを算出した。
得られたイエローインデックスYItから、得られたイエローインデックスYIpを差し引いて、値YId(=YIt-YIp)を算出した。
得られた中間膜を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製「HT7700型」)を用いて観察した。顕微鏡写真を画像解析ソフトにより解析し、隣り合う顔料の表面間の距離を測定し、その距離の平均を求めた。
ヘイズメーター(東京電色社製「TC-HIIIDPK」)を用いて、JIS K6714に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスのヘイズ値を測定した。
得られた合わせガラス(縦300mm×横300mm)を、各6枚用意し、その表面温度が23℃となるように調整した。次いで、JIS R3212に準拠して、4mの高さから、6枚の合わせガラスに対してそれぞれ、質量2260g及び直径82mmの剛球を、合わせガラスの中心部分に落下させた。剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった合わせガラスが6枚であった場合を合格とし、剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった合わせガラスが3枚以下であった場合を不合格とした。剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった合わせガラスが5枚であった場合には、新しく1枚の合わせガラスを追加試験し、剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった場合を合格、5秒以内に剛球が貫通した場合を不合格とした。剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった合わせガラスが4枚であった場合には、新しく6枚の合わせガラスの耐貫通性試験を行い、合格又は不合格となるまで試験を繰り返した。表中では、合格の場合に「○」と記載し、不合格の場合に「×」と記載した。
遮光ボックス(縦300mm×横300mm×奥行400mm、内壁面:黒色)の前面に、得られた合わせガラス(縦300mm×横300mm)を設置した。S-Light(日本技術センター社製)を遮光ボックスの前面とは対面の位置に設置し、合わせガラスに光を照射した。この状態で、合わせガラスの主面に対して斜め45度の位置から合わせガラスを目視にて観察し、背景の黒色が確認されるか否かを評価した。表中では、背景の黒色が確認される場合に「〇」と記載し、背景の黒色が確認されない場合に「×」と記載した。なお、背景の黒色が確認されない場合に、合わせガラスの青くもりが見られた。
1a…第1の表面
1b…第2の表面
2…第2の層
3…第3の層
11,11A…中間膜
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
31,31A…合わせガラス
Claims (14)
- 顔料を含み、
合わせガラス用中間膜において、全光線透過率から算出されるイエローインデックスYItから、平行線透過率から算出されるイエローインデックスYIpを差し引いた値YIdが-1.0以上である、合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記顔料の平均アスペクト比が4.0以下である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記顔料が、遮熱顔料である、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記顔料が、無機顔料である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記無機顔料が、錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子、又はセシウムドープ酸化タングステン粒子である、請求項4に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記顔料が、着色顔料である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記着色顔料が、アゾ化合物、縮合多環化合物、カーボンブラック、又はグラフェンである、請求項6に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 分散剤を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記分散剤が、リン酸エステル、又はジケトン化合物を含む、請求項9に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 接着力調整剤を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記接着力調整剤が、カルボン酸のアルカリ金属塩、又はカルボン酸のアルカリ土類金属塩である、請求項11に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されており、
前記合わせガラス用中間膜が、顔料を含み、
合わせガラスにおいて、全光線透過率から算出されるイエローインデックスYItから、平行線透過率から算出されるイエローインデックスYIpを差し引いた値YIdが-1.0以上である、合わせガラス。
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JP2018199758A (ja) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-20 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 近赤外線遮蔽超微粒子分散体、近赤外線遮蔽中間膜、近赤外線遮蔽合わせ構造体、および近赤外線遮蔽超微粒子分散体の製造方法 |
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KR20230029577A (ko) | 2023-03-03 |
CN115884950A (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
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JPWO2021261523A1 (ja) | 2021-12-30 |
US20230256717A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
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