WO2021258704A1 - 一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法 - Google Patents

一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2021258704A1
WO2021258704A1 PCT/CN2020/141496 CN2020141496W WO2021258704A1 WO 2021258704 A1 WO2021258704 A1 WO 2021258704A1 CN 2020141496 W CN2020141496 W CN 2020141496W WO 2021258704 A1 WO2021258704 A1 WO 2021258704A1
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opening
different
current
opening time
valve
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PCT/CN2020/141496
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马秋玉
赵洪辉
鲍金成
都京
丁天威
黄兴
曲禄成
王宇鹏
秦晓津
芦岩
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中国第一汽车股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828Humidity; Water content
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04791Concentration; Density
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the opening frequency of a hydrogen exhaust valve and a drain valve, in particular to a method for controlling the opening frequency of a hydrogen exhaust valve and a drain valve based on electric current.
  • the fuel cell system may have excessive humidity under certain circumstances and is extremely prone to flooding. Therefore, a drain solenoid valve must be integrated in the general stack or system.
  • a water separator is integrated to separate hydrogen and water in advance, and then the water and hydrogen are discharged from the system through different channels.
  • the existing schemes mostly use a fixed hydrogen discharge frequency, and it is impossible to flexibly adjust the hydrogen discharge frequency according to different efficiencies.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel cell anode intermittent hydrogen discharge system and a control method thereof.
  • the control method includes: real-time monitoring of the voltage of the fuel cell stack and the nitrogen concentration at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack; When the voltage drop of the fuel cell stack during the period when the anode hydrogen discharge is off is greater than the preset pressure drop threshold, the hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is controlled to start to discharge; when it is determined that the fuel cell stack anode outlet When the nitrogen concentration of is less than the preset nitrogen concentration threshold, the hydrogen discharge from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is controlled to stop.
  • the hydrogen exhaust system and the control method thereof can improve the hydrogen utilization efficiency of the fuel cell system on the basis of maintaining the stability of the fuel cell stack voltage.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a hydrogen exhaust system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that can be quickly opened at low temperatures, including: a hydrogen exhaust pipe, a hydrogen exhaust valve, a coolant branch, and a liquid injection valve.
  • the hydrogen exhaust pipe includes an inlet pipe. The two are connected by a hydrogen exhaust valve, and the air inlet of the inlet pipe is connected with the fuel cell stack; the inlet pipe of the hydrogen exhaust pipe and the coolant branch are connected by a liquid injection valve, and the coolant Coolant can be injected into the other end of the branch.
  • the invention takes advantage of the low freezing point of the fuel cell system coolant, covers and protects the hydrogen discharge pipeline and the hydrogen discharge valve, avoids pipeline blockage and valve body freezing caused by low-temperature solidification of gas and liquid water, and significantly improves hydrogen discharge
  • the opening speed of the system also shortens the cold start-up time of the fuel cell system at low temperatures, improves the efficiency of the fuel cell system, and the overall design is simple and easy to implement.
  • the present invention provides a current-based method for controlling the opening frequency of a hydrogen discharge valve and a discharge valve.
  • the hydrogen discharge frequency is adjusted according to different efficiencies.
  • the discharge frequency is high in the high-efficiency zone and low in the low-efficiency zone. .
  • the efficiency of a fuel cell is determined by the current. The greater the current, the lower the efficiency. Therefore, when supplying hydrogen, the amount of hydrogen supplied can be controlled according to the efficiency of the battery under different currents, as well as the control of the hydrogen circulation loop.
  • An electric current-based method for controlling the opening frequency of a drain valve and a drain valve controls the opening period and opening time of the drain valve and the drain valve according to different current intervals, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen.
  • the opening period of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different at different intervals of the current; the opening time of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different at different intervals of the current; the opening period of the drain valve is the same at different current intervals; the opening time of the drain valve is different at different currents The interval, the opening time is different.
  • the opening period of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different in different current intervals; when the opening period is 0 ⁇ 1/4I, the opening period is T1, when the opening period is between 1/4I and 1/2I, the opening period is T2, which is at 1/ At 2I to 3/4I, the turn-on period is T3, and at 3/4I to I, the turn-on period is T4;
  • the opening time of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different in the interval of the current.
  • the opening time is t1, at 1/4I ⁇ 1/2I, the opening time is t2, and at 1/2I ⁇ 3/4I, the opening time is t3, at 3
  • /4I amount ⁇ I amount the opening time is t4;
  • the opening period of the drain valve is the same in different sections of the current, and both are T0.
  • the opening time of the drain valve is different in the interval of the current.
  • the opening time is t5
  • the opening time is t6
  • 1/2I ⁇ 3/4I the opening time is t7, at 3
  • the opening time is t8;
  • the present invention provides a current-based method for controlling the opening frequency of a hydrogen discharge valve and a discharge valve, which adjusts the hydrogen discharge frequency according to different efficiencies, and has a high hydrogen discharge frequency in a high-efficiency interval and a low hydrogen discharge frequency in a low-efficiency interval.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between fuel cell efficiency and current
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell anode drainage hydrogen exhaust system
  • Figure 3 shows the change curve of fuel cell hydrogen discharge cycle and open time with current
  • Figure 4 is a curve of the opening frequency and opening time of the fuel cell drain valve as a function of current
  • Figure 5 shows an example of how the opening frequency and opening time of the fuel cell hydrogen exhaust valve vary with current
  • Figure 6 shows an example of how the opening frequency and opening time of the fuel cell drain valve vary with current.
  • An electric current-based method for controlling the opening frequency of a drain valve and a drain valve controls the opening period and opening time of the drain valve and the drain valve according to different current intervals, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen.
  • the opening period of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different at different intervals of the current; the opening time of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different at different intervals of the current; the opening period of the drain valve is the same at different intervals of the current; the opening time of the drain valve is different at different currents The interval, the opening time is different.
  • the opening period of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different in different current intervals; when the opening period is 0 ⁇ 1/4I, the opening period is T1, when the opening period is between 1/4I and 1/2I, the opening period is T2, which is at 1/ At 2I to 3/4I, the turn-on period is T3, and at 3/4I to I, the turn-on period is T4;
  • the opening time of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different in the interval of the current.
  • the opening time is t1, at 1/4I ⁇ 1/2I, the opening time is t2, and at 1/2I ⁇ 3/4I, the opening time is t3, at 3
  • /4I amount ⁇ I amount the opening time is t4;
  • the opening period of the drain valve is the same in different sections of the current, and both are T0;
  • the opening time of the drain valve is different in the interval of the current.
  • the opening time is t5
  • the opening time is t6
  • 1/2I ⁇ 3/4I the opening time is t7, at 3
  • the opening time is t8;
  • the opening period of the hydrogen exhaust valve is different in different areas of the current; when it is 0 ⁇ 1/4I, the opening period is 20s, when it is 1/4I ⁇ 1/2I, the opening period is 17.5s, and it is at 1/2I. At ⁇ 3/4I rating, the turn-on period is 15s, and at 3/4I ⁇ I rating, the turn-on period is 12.5s;
  • the turn-on time is different.
  • the opening time is 4s, at 1/4I ⁇ 1/2I, the opening time is 3s, at 1/2I ⁇ 3/4I, the opening time is 2s, at 3
  • /4I amount ⁇ I amount the opening time is 1s;
  • the opening period of the drain valve is the same in different areas of current, both are 20s;
  • the opening time of the drain valve is different in the interval of the current. At 0 ⁇ 1/4I, the opening time is 1s, at 1/4I ⁇ 1/2I, the opening time is 2s, at 1/2I ⁇ 3/4I, the opening time is 3s, at 3 When /4I ⁇ I, the opening time is 4s.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,根据不同电流区间,分别控制排水、排氢阀的开启周期和开启时间,提高氢气利用率。其中,排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同;排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同;排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。

Description

一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,具体涉及一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法。
背景技术
燃料电池***在一定情况下可能存在湿度过大情况,且极容易产生水淹,故一般电堆或***中需集成排水电磁阀。
由于阴极长期有大量氮气存在,且在阴阳极具备一定浓度差,故一定时间,氮气将由阴极扩散至阳极,导致阳极氢气浓度下降,故需要定期排氢,保证阳极氢气浓度,从而保证电压稳定。
要同时从阳极排水、排氢比较困难,故再排水排氢之前集成分水器,提前将氢气与水分离,在分别将水与氢气通过不同的通道排出***。
关于排氢频率,现有方案多采用固定排氢频率,无法根据不同效率灵活调节排氢频率。
专利文献1公开了一种燃料电池阳极间歇排氢***及其控制方法,所述控制方法包括:实时监测燃料电池电堆的电压及所述燃料电池电堆阳极出口处的氮气浓度;当确定所述燃料电池电堆在阳极排氢关闭期间的电压压降值大于预设的压降阈值时,控制所述燃料电池电堆阳极出口的氢气开始排放;当确定所述燃料电池电堆阳极出口处的氮气浓度小于预设的氮气浓度阈值时,控制所述燃料电池电堆阳极出口的氢气排放停止。所述排氢***及其控制方法可以在维持燃料电池电堆电压的稳定性的基础上提高燃料电池***的氢气利用效率。
专利文献2公开了一种可在低温下快速开启的质子交换膜燃料电池排氢***,包括:排氢管、排氢阀、冷却液支路和注液阀,所述排氢管包括进口管路和出口管路,两者通过排氢阀相连接,进口管路的进气口与燃料电池电堆连接;排氢管的进口管路和冷却液支路通过注液阀相连接,冷却液支路的另一端可注 入冷却液。本发明利用燃料电池***冷却液凝固点低的特性,对排氢管路和排氢阀覆盖保护,避免了因气、液态水因低温凝固导致的管路堵塞和阀体冻结,显著提高了排氢***的开启速度,同时缩短了燃料电池***在低温下冷起启动的时间,提高了燃料电池***的效率,整体设计简单易于实现。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,根据不同效率调节排氢频率,高效区间排氢频率高,低效区间排氢频率低。燃料电池的效率由电流决定,电流越大、效率越低。因此在供氢时可以根据不同电流下的电池效率控制供氢量,以及氢气循环回路的控制。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,根据不同电流区间,分别控制排水、排氢阀的开启周期和开启时间,提高氢气利用率。其中,排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同;排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同;排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。
进一步地,排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;在0~1/4I额时,开启周期为T1,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启周期为T2,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启周期为T3,在3/4I额~I额时,开启周期为T4;
其中,T1>T2>T3>T4。
更进一步地,排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为t1,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为t2,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为t3,在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为t4;
其中,T1>T2>T3>T4>t1>t2>t3>t4。
进一步地,排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同,均为T0。
更进一步地,排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为t5,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为t6,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为t7,在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为t8;
其中,T0>t8>t7>t6>t5。
本发明提供一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,根据不同效率调节排氢频率,高效区间排氢频率高,低效区间排氢频率低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例描述中所要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据本发明实施例的内容和这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为燃料电池效率与电流关系示意图;
图2为燃料电池阳极排水排氢***原理图;
图3为燃料电池排氢周期及开启时间随电流变化曲线;
图4为燃料电池排水阀开启频率及开启时间随电流变化曲线;
图5为燃料电池排氢阀开启频率及开启时间随电流变化实例示意;
图6为燃料电池排水阀开启频率及开启时间随电流变化实例示意。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,根据不同电流区间,分别控制排水、排氢阀的开启周期和开启时间,提高氢气利用率。其中,排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间, 开启时间不同;排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同;排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。
进一步地,排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;在0~1/4I额时,开启周期为T1,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启周期为T2,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启周期为T3,在3/4I额~I额时,开启周期为T4;
进一步地,排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为t1,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为t2,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为t3,在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为t4;
其中:T1>T2>T3>T4>t1>t2>t3>t4。
进一步地,排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同,均为T0;
进一步地,排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为t5,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为t6,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为t7,在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为t8;
其中T0>t8>t7>t6>t5。
实施例
排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;在0~1/4I额时,开启周期为20s,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启周期为17.5s,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启周期为15s,在3/4I额~I额时,开启周期为12.5s;
在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为4s,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为3s,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为2s,在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为1s;
排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同,均为20s;
排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为1s,在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为2s,在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为3s,在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为4s。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变 化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,其特征在于,根据不同电流区间,分别控制排水、排氢阀的开启周期和开启时间:
    排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同;
    排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同;
    排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同;
    排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,其特征在于,所述排氢阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期不同,具体为:
    在0~1/4I额时,开启周期为T1;在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启周期为T2;在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启周期为T3;在3/4I额~I额时,开启周期为T4;其中,T1>T2>T3>T4。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,其特征在于,所述排氢阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同,具体为:
    在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为t1;在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为t2;在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为t3;在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为t4;其中,T1>T2>T3>T4>t1>t2>t3>t4。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,其特征在于,所述排水阀开启周期在电流不同区间开启周期相同,均为T0。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种基于电流的排氢阀和排水阀开启频率控制方法,其特征在于,所述排水阀开启时间,在电流不同区间,开启时间不同,具体为:
    在0~1/4I额时,开启时间为t5;在1/4I额~1/2I额时,开启时间为t6;在1/2I额~3/4I额时,开启时间为t7;在3/4I额~I额时,开启时间为t8;其中,T0>t8>t7>t6>t5。
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