WO2021243794A1 - Solar cell having decorative function, and preparation method and cell assembly - Google Patents

Solar cell having decorative function, and preparation method and cell assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021243794A1
WO2021243794A1 PCT/CN2020/100332 CN2020100332W WO2021243794A1 WO 2021243794 A1 WO2021243794 A1 WO 2021243794A1 CN 2020100332 W CN2020100332 W CN 2020100332W WO 2021243794 A1 WO2021243794 A1 WO 2021243794A1
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Prior art keywords
solar cell
metal
conductive
decorative
paste
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PCT/CN2020/100332
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄强
刘双超
闻乐
刘非
陆志强
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东方日升新能源股份有限公司
东方日升(义乌)新能源有限公司
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Publication of WO2021243794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021243794A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a production process of solar cells, in particular to a decorative solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell module.
  • photovoltaic power generation is a power generation technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to convert solar energy into electrical energy.
  • common solar cells usually form a positive and negative charge separation layer on the surface of a silicon wafer of 156mm-210mm by doping; when the sun shines on the surface of the silicon wafer, a positive or negative charge is formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer, respectively.
  • the negative two single forms of charge can be collected by the metal electrode on the surface to achieve external power supply.
  • the metal electrode on the front surface of the battery is divided into a thin grid line and a main grid line, and the current is collected and transmitted to the outside through the thin grid line and the main grid line.
  • a layer of blue-black film is set on the surface of the battery unit as a protective film, and then multiple battery units are connected by soldering tape and encapsulated in EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate). Copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer), the back sheet and the transparent glass cover form a photovoltaic module that can resist normal operation in the harsh environment of nature.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate).
  • Copolymer)/POE Polyolefin elastomer
  • the transparent glass cover, the metal electrodes on the battery surface, the welding ribbon, the blue-black film, etc. will be observed from all angles from the bottom of the photovoltaic module; especially, due to interference extinction According to physical principles, the blue-black film will also produce different colors with different viewing angles, which will affect the beauty of the photovoltaic module.
  • the second is to add a camouflage covering layer on the glass cover or under the glass cover.
  • the common way is to add colored polymer shutters or belts between the glass cover and the EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer) packaging film.
  • the existing solar cell module generally includes an upper glass cover 101, a decorative and beautifying film layer 102, a first encapsulation layer 103, a solar cell 105, and a second encapsulation layer 107 arranged in order from top to bottom. And the lower glass cover 108.
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a decorative solar cell, which can solve the problem caused by adding a decorative beautification film or shielding when the solar cell module is packaged in the prior art. Poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells and other issues.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing decorative solar cells, which can solve the problem of photoelectric conversion of solar cells by adding decorative beautification films or barriers during solar cell module packaging in the prior art. Problems such as poor efficiency.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a decorative solar cell module, which can solve the problem of poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells caused by adding decorative beautification films or barriers during solar cell module packaging in the prior art And other issues.
  • a decorative solar cell the solar cell includes a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes set and the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet The distribution position makes the multiple metal electrodes have different reflections and interferences to light, so that the metal conductive pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.
  • the shape of the metal electrode includes the height, width, length, and angle of the top section of the metal electrode and the surface of the solar cell sheet.
  • the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60 nm to 150 nm.
  • top surface of one or more metal electrodes is provided with a color coating.
  • the solar cell includes any one of the following cells: heterojunction cells, black silicon cells, PERC cells, TOPCON cells, and laminated cells composed of the above cells and other thin film cells.
  • the metal electrode is composed of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper, and metallic aluminum.
  • a method for preparing a decorative solar cell as one of the objectives of the present invention comprising:
  • the different metal electrodes are electroplated correspondingly by the method of register plating, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell.
  • the preparation method includes:
  • Step S11 forming multiple grooves of various shapes on the laser transfer film
  • Step S12 Fill each groove with conductive metal paste to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scrape off the excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film;
  • Step S13 Transfer the metal electrode in each groove to the surface of the solar cell sheet through a laser heating process.
  • the step S12 includes: firstly, the conductive metal paste is printed and filled in each trench by a printing process, and after all the trenches are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a squeegee. The material is removed, and then a conductor is formed in each trench; then each conductor is electroplated with a conductive metal paste through an electroplating process so that each conductor extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
  • the conductive metal paste includes one or a combination of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste, and metal aluminum paste.
  • a method for preparing a decorative solar cell as one of the objectives of the present invention comprising:
  • Step S21 forming a plurality of grooves of various shapes on the electrode carrier film
  • Step S22 Fill each trench with a conductive metal material to form a corresponding metal electrode
  • Step S23 Paste each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell sheet, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell sheet, so that the electrode carrier film is located on the solar cell sheet.
  • the step S22 includes: printing and filling conductive metal paste in each trench through a printing process, and after all trenches are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a squeegee. , And then forming a conductor in each trench; then electroplating conductive metal paste on each conductor through an electroplating process, so that each conductor extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode;
  • the step S22 includes: first depositing a conductive metal film layer in each trench through a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film through a polishing process when all trenches are deposited; Then, a conductive metal paste is deposited on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process, so that each conductive metal film layer extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
  • the step S23 includes: combining each metal electrode with the conductive material on the surface of the solar cell through a metal conductive adhesive, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell; wherein, the The conductive metal adhesive is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape; the conductive material on the surface of the solar cell is a conductive film or a conductive metal paste.
  • the conductive metal paste includes one or a combination of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste, and metal aluminum paste.
  • a decorative solar cell module includes a front cover, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a back cover; wherein the solar cells are arranged on the first adhesive layer And the second adhesive layer; the front cover is arranged on the first adhesive layer, and the rear cover is arranged below the second adhesive layer; each solar cell is decorated as one of the purposes of the present invention Of solar cells.
  • adjacent solar cells are connected in series by tin-coated solder tapes between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.
  • each solar cell includes a plurality of cell slices, and the edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each cell slice is divided into an overlapping part and a non-overlapping part;
  • the adjacent cell slices are connected in series through the metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapping parts of the cell slices.
  • the thickness of the metal electrode in the overlapping part of the battery slice is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrode in the non-overlapping part of the battery slice.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention improves the shape of the metal electrode on the solar cell and the distribution position on the cell, so that a plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern; the plurality of metal electrodes on the cell have different shapes under light irradiation.
  • the reflection and interference characteristics make the metal conductive pattern formed by multiple metal electrodes present a decorative pattern, which makes the solar cell aesthetic, and solves the problem of adding a decorative beautification film layer in the solar cell module packaging in the prior art.
  • beautification is achieved by other shields, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is reduced, and the packaging difficulty and packaging cost are reduced at the same time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of a solar cell module in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of metal electrodes with height differences on the solar cell provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metal electrode with an angle difference on the top section of the solar cell provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of providing multiple grooves on the surface of the laser transfer film provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of filling a conductive metal paste in the trench in FIG. 4 to form a metal conductor
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of transferring the metal conductor in FIG. 5 to the battery sheet to form a metal electrode
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a color coating provided on the top surface of the metal electrode of the solar cell provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of providing grooves on the surface of the electrode carrier film provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a conductor formed after the trench in FIG. 8 is filled with conductive metal paste
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of forming a metal electrode after electroplating a conductive metal paste on the conductor in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of forming a metal electrode after electroplating a conductive metal paste on the conductor in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of pasting the metal electrode formed in the groove of the electrode carrier film on the battery sheet;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of filling a conductive metal film layer in the trench in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of depositing a conductive metal paste on the conductive metal film layer in FIG. 12 to form a metal electrode;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 14;
  • 16 is the second schematic diagram of the packaging structure of the solar cell module provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 16.
  • the present invention provides a preferred embodiment, which takes into account the aesthetic requirements of the solar cell and the battery during the manufacturing process of the solar cell, so that the solar cell assembly formed after the solar cell is encapsulated has aesthetics.
  • the solar cell when the solar cell is working, when sunlight hits the surface of the silicon wafer of the solar cell, two single forms of charge, positive or negative, are formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer, and the metal deposited on the surface of the silicon wafer.
  • the electrodes collect electric charges to realize external power supply. Therefore, the power generation capacity and thermal conductivity of the solar cell are all related to the metal electrode on the solar cell sheet.
  • the decorative solar cell provided by the present invention not only enhances the aesthetics of the solar cell and solar cell module, but also improves the solar cell by differently designing the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode deposited on the solar cell sheet.
  • the power generation capacity and thermal conductivity of the battery components are not only enhances the aesthetics of the solar cell and solar cell module, but also improves the solar cell by differently designing the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode deposited on the solar cell sheet.
  • Decorative solar cells include solar cells and multiple metal electrodes deposited on the solar cells. Among them, for the convenience of description in this article, solar cells are referred to as cells for short, that is, the cells described in this article all refer to solar cells.
  • a plurality of metal electrodes are deposited on the battery sheet, and the plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern.
  • the multiple metal electrodes According to the shape of the multiple metal electrodes and the distribution position on the cell, the multiple metal electrodes have different reflection and interference characteristics to light, so that the metal conductivity pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes can be viewed at a preset distance.
  • the preset distance referred to in this article can be set according to the actual situation.
  • the solar cell module when it needs to be installed on a device or device at a corresponding height from the ground to realize power generation by receiving sunlight; different Under the occasion of use, the height from the ground is different.
  • the shape of the metal electrode includes, but is not limited to: the height, width, length, and angle between the top section of the metal electrode and the surface of the battery sheet.
  • the distribution position of the metal electrode refers to the distribution position of the metal electrode on the battery sheet. That is, by setting the different shapes of the metal electrodes and the different distribution positions of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet, multiple metal electrodes can form different metal conductive patterns, so that different metal conductive patterns appear when viewed from a preset distance. Different decorative patterns realize the aesthetics of solar cells and battery components.
  • the solar cell provided by the present invention has a certain aesthetics, when the solar cell is packaged into a battery module, there is no need to add a decorative encapsulation layer or other decorative film to realize the battery as in the prior art.
  • the aesthetics of the components reduces the difficulty and cost of packaging.
  • the metal electrode on the silicon wafer of the solar cell in the prior art only has a conductive function
  • the metal electrode is generally printed with metallic silver (Ag) paste.
  • Au metallic silver
  • Its height is controlled within 15um-25um, and each metal electrode will minimize the amount of metal silver paste.
  • the total consumption of metal silver paste per cell is between 100mg and 200mg. Therefore, since the amount of the metal paste of the metal electrode of each cell is small, the power generation of the solar cell is reduced.
  • these metal electrodes since these metal electrodes only perform the function of conducting electricity, they are generally arranged on the silicon wafer in a grid shape, and the metal electrodes do not have the function of shielding the color of the silicon wafer.
  • the metal electrodes on the battery sheet of the present invention not only have a conductive function, each metal electrode has a typical meaning, and the shape of multiple metal electrodes and the distribution position on the battery sheet are all related to the decorative pattern presented by the metal conductive pattern. United. When sunlight is irradiated on the cell, the multiple metal electrodes have different reflection and interference characteristics due to their corresponding shapes and different distribution positions, which makes the corresponding metal conductive patterns appear decorative. The pattern realizes the beautification function of solar cells and solar cell modules.
  • the present invention has certain provisions for the shape of the metal electrode, such as the height, width, length, the angle between the top section and the surface of the cell sheet, etc. Therefore, the present invention does not limit the amount of the metal electrode, and it is designed according to specific design requirements. Set it. Since the present invention does not limit the amount of the metal electrode, the present invention provides the possibility to use other base metals with poor conductivity in the selection of the material of the metal electrode. That is, unlike the prior art, only metal silver paste can be used to prepare metal electrodes. At the same time, metal copper (Cu) paste, metal aluminum (Al) paste, metal silver and metal can also be used. Copper mixed paste or other conductive metal pastes, etc., make the battery metal electrode material type restrictions have expandability.
  • Cu copper
  • Al metal aluminum
  • Copper mixed paste or other conductive metal pastes, etc. make the battery metal electrode material type restrictions have expandability.
  • the present invention not only realizes the beautification function of the solar cell, but also expands the material of the metal electrode correspondingly, which provides the possibility to use other metals with poor conductivity, and also provides the possibility to reduce the manufacturing cost of the solar cell. , Which greatly reduces the conductivity requirements for the material of the metal electrode, and provides the possibility to reduce the cost of the metal electrode.
  • the amount and material of the metal electrode are not limited in the present invention, it also provides the possibility to improve the power generation capacity of the solar cell.
  • the metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the battery sheet is different from the image of the network shape formed by the metal electrode on the battery sheet in the prior art.
  • the present invention is designed for the shape of the metal electrode and the distribution position on the cell during the manufacturing process, so that a plurality of metal electrodes form different metal conductive patterns. Under the irradiation of light, different metal electrodes reflect and reflect light. The dryness characteristics enable the corresponding metal conductive patterns to present different textures and decorative patterns, which greatly improves the aesthetics.
  • the decorative pattern may be wood grain, marble, granite, etc., and may be different according to the shapes and distribution positions of the multiple metal electrodes on the battery sheet.
  • the metal conductive pattern presents a decorative pattern
  • different light and dark effects of the pattern are formed under the irradiation of light.
  • the metal conductive pattern will form a decorative pattern of light and dark effects under the irradiation of light; when there is an angle difference between the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes, the metal conducts electricity.
  • the graphics will form decorative patterns such as light and dark effects under the irradiation of light. That is to say, the decorative pattern formed by the metal conductive pattern under the irradiation of light is related to the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode on the cell.
  • the present invention specifically provides the following specific examples to illustrate the preparation process of the metal electrode on the cell. details as follows:
  • the present invention provides the following various preparation methods to prepare the metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401, so as to make the height difference between different metal electrodes.
  • Preparation method 1 The height difference of multiple metal electrodes is realized by a screen printing process.
  • this embodiment uses the height difference between the two metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401 to illustrate:
  • the number of times of printing of the second metal electrode 403 is different from the number of times of printing of the first metal electrode 402, so that the second metal electrode 403 and the first metal electrode 402 have a height difference.
  • the number of printing times of the multiple metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401 is different through the method of multiple register printing, so as to realize the height difference of the multiple metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401.
  • Preparation method two realize the height difference of different metal electrodes through an electroplating process.
  • the two metal electrodes 403 have different heights; at this time, there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403.
  • the electroplating times of different metal electrodes are different through the way of multiple sets of electroplating, and the height difference of different metal electrodes is realized.
  • the present invention can also control the deposition speed of each metal electrode by controlling the current density of electroplating of different metal electrodes during the electroplating process, so as to realize the height difference of different metal electrodes.
  • the present invention can also control the deposition speed of each metal electrode by controlling the current density of electroplating of different metal electrodes during the electroplating process, so as to realize the height difference of different metal electrodes.
  • the electroplating process by applying different current densities to the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403, it is possible to realize that the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 have different growth rates; therefore, after the electroplating is completed After that, the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 have different heights; at this time, there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403.
  • the height difference of different metal electrodes is greater than or equal to 60 nm.
  • the height difference between the different metal electrodes is 60 nm to 150 nm.
  • the decorative pattern in the present invention means that when sunlight is irradiated on the cell 401, due to the difference in the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode of the cell 401, the sunlight will be interfered and modulated to form a decorative pattern.
  • Light and dark texture The light waves of sunlight are white light waves, including a variety of visible light waves, and different visible light waves have different wavelengths. When the height difference between different metal electrodes is different, the light and dark textures formed by the light are also different.
  • d is the thickness of the thin film material (such as the packaging material of the solar cell, etc.).
  • the wavelength of visible light is 380nm ⁇ 760nm; among them, the wavelength range of red light is 760nm ⁇ 622nm; the wavelength range of orange light: 622nm ⁇ 597nm; the wavelength range of yellow light: 597nm ⁇ 577nm; the wavelength range of green light: 577nm ⁇ 492nm; the wavelength range of cyan light : 492nm ⁇ 450nm; blue light wavelength range: 450nm ⁇ 435nm; violet light wavelength range: 435nm ⁇ 390nm.
  • the visible light is red light
  • the red light is extinct (that is, absorbed), and the height difference between the metal electrodes needs to be 146nm.
  • the visible light is violet light
  • the violet light is extinct (that is, absorbed)
  • the height difference between the metal electrodes needs to be 61 nm.
  • the height difference of the different metal electrodes in the present invention is preferably 60 nm to 150 nm.
  • the solar cells and solar cell modules can be viewed at different angles due to the height difference of the metal electrodes on the cell 401.
  • Different light reflection and interference characteristics make the metal conductive pattern on the cell 401 show different light and dark effects, and realize the aesthetic function of the solar cell and the solar cell module.
  • the top cross-sections of a plurality of metal electrodes When there is an angular difference between the top cross-sections of a plurality of metal electrodes: due to the angular difference between the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes, when sunlight is irradiated on the cell 401, the pattern of the metal conductive pattern is different. Shading. As shown in FIG. 3, the top section A of the first metal electrode 402 and the top section B of the second metal electrode 403 have an angle difference.
  • the top cross section of the metal electrode in the prior art is parallel to the surface of the cell 401.
  • the top cross section of different metal electrodes and the surface of the cell 401 have a certain angle, so that when light is irradiated on the cell 401, the top section of the metal electrode has a certain angle relative to the surface of the cell 401.
  • the angle of inclination will make the metal conductive pattern show a corresponding light and dark effect.
  • the present invention provides the following multiple preparation methods to prepare the metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401, so that there is an angle difference between the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes:
  • Preparation method 3 The angle difference of the top cross-sections of the multiple metal electrodes is realized through a laser transfer process.
  • the third preparation method includes the following steps:
  • Step S11 providing a plurality of grooves 505 of various shapes on the surface of the laser transfer film 504.
  • the angle is greater than zero; that is, there is an angle difference between the bottom sections of different grooves 505.
  • a plurality of grooves 505 are provided on the laser transfer film 504 through a metal tool notching process or a mold lamination process.
  • Step S12 Fill each trench 505 with conductive metal paste.
  • Step S13 scrape off the excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film 504, thereby forming a molded first metal conductor 503 in each groove 505.
  • Step S14 the first metal conductor 503 formed in each groove 505 is transferred to the surface of the battery sheet 401 by a laser heating process, and then a plurality of metal electrodes 400 are formed on the battery sheet 401.
  • each trench is heated by a laser heating process.
  • the top section of the metal electrode 400 formed when the first metal conductor 503 in the groove 505 is transferred to the surface of the battery sheet 401 also has an angle difference.
  • each metal electrode 400 corresponds to the shape of the first metal conductor 503 formed in the groove 505 and the shape of the groove 505. Same shape.
  • the preparation method is also applicable to the height differences of different metal electrodes 400. Therefore, the third preparation method is also suitable for preparing the metal electrode 400, so that the height difference between the different metal electrodes 400 on the battery sheet 401 is formed.
  • the present invention can also realize the angle difference of the top cross section of different metal electrodes 400 through multiple register printing.
  • this embodiment also provides another preparation method.
  • the electrode carrier film 602 can not only realize the height difference of different metal electrodes 400, but also realize different metal electrodes 400.
  • Preparation method four includes the following:
  • Step S21 forming grooves 505 of various shapes on the electrode carrier film 602.
  • grooves 505 of various shapes can be carved on the electrode carrier film 602 through a metal tool groove process or a mold pressing process.
  • the shape of the trench 505 includes the depth of the trench 505, the angle between the bottom section of the trench 505 and the surface of the electrode carrier film 602, and the size of the trench 505.
  • Step S22 Fill each trench 505 with a conductive metal paste and form a corresponding metal electrode 400.
  • Step S23 Paste each metal electrode 400 on the battery sheet 401 to form a solar cell.
  • the metal electrode 400 is combined with the conductive material on the surface of the cell 401 through the metal conductive adhesive 406, so that the metal electrode 400 is fixed on the surface of the cell 401 to form a solar cell.
  • the metal conductive adhesive 406 is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape.
  • the conductive material on the surface of the cell 401 may be a conductive film or a conductive metal paste.
  • the conductive metal paste is one or more combinations of metal silver paste, metal copper paste, metal aluminum paste, and other metal pastes. Due to the expansion of the material types of the metal electrode 400, the conductive metal paste used in the preparation process can also be expanded accordingly.
  • step S22 also includes the following two solutions:
  • step S22 includes:
  • step S31 the conductive metal paste is printed and filled in each trench 505 through a printing process, and after all trenches 505 are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film 602 is removed by a squeegee, and then the A second metal conductor 600 is formed in each trench 505.
  • Step S32 electroplating a conductive metal paste on each second metal conductor 600 through an electroplating process, so that each second metal conductor 600 extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film 602, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode 400.
  • step S22 includes:
  • Step S41 deposit a conductive metal paste in each trench 505 through a sputtering process, and form a conductive metal film layer 700 in the trench 505, and when all trenches 505 are deposited, the electrode carrier film is polished The excess conductive metal paste on the surface of 602 is removed.
  • Step S42 depositing a conductive metal paste on the conductive metal film layer 700 in each trench 505 through an electroplating process, so that the conductive metal film layer 700 extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film 602, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode 400 .
  • the top surface of the one or more metal electrodes 400 is further provided with a coloring layer.
  • a coloring layer By coating the surfaces of the tops of different metal electrodes 400 with corresponding colored layers, the surfaces of the tops of different metal electrodes 400 have different colors, and the aesthetic function of the battery sheet 401 is realized.
  • the top surface of the first metal electrode 402 is colored to form a first colored layer 404.
  • the top surface of the second metal electrode 403 is colored to form a second colored layer 405.
  • the colors of the first colored layer 405 and the second colored layer 404 may be the same or different.
  • the method for coloring the surface of the top of the metal electrode 400 is realized by the rubbing technology.
  • the rubbing technique is preferably the rubbing technique of the inscriptions in the Xi'an Forest of Steles.
  • the present invention forms a metal conductive pattern by depositing a plurality of metal electrodes 400 on the battery sheet 401; and by arranging the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes 400, the metal conductive pattern exhibits patterns with different textures under the irradiation of light, thereby realizing the battery sheet 401
  • the aesthetic function of the solar cell solves the need to increase the cover or add a beautifying film layer in the prior art to make the solar cell and solar cell module decorative and beautiful, which causes the decline in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, increases the packaging cost of the cell, and the difficulty of packaging, etc. problem.
  • each metal electrode 400 in the present invention not only has a conductive function
  • each metal electrode 400 has a typical meaning, and the present invention does not limit the amount of slurry of the metal electrode 400, so that the slurry of the metal electrode 400 is not only limited
  • the metal silver paste used in the prior art can also be other base metals with poor electrical conductivity, which reduces the electrical conductivity requirements for the material of the metal electrode 400 and provides the possibility to reduce the cost of the metal electrode 400.
  • the present invention uses other metal copper, metal aluminum, etc. with poor conductivity to make the metal electrode 400, the series resistance of the solar cell can be greatly reduced, and the low-amplitude power generation performance can be improved; at the same time, due to the addition of the metal electrode 400
  • the amount of slurry greatly improves the power generation capacity of the solar cell and also helps to improve the heat dissipation performance of the solar cell.
  • the battery provided by the present invention can be aimed at any one of the following types of batteries: heterojunction battery, black silicon battery, PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, emitter and back passivated battery) battery, TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact, passivated contact battery) battery and the above battery and other thin film battery composed of laminated battery, the above battery can adopt the structure of the decorative solar cell provided by the present invention and the preparation method to achieve the solar cell beautify.
  • the thin film battery is preferably a perovskite thin film battery, a sulfide thin film battery, and the like.
  • the present invention also provides another embodiment, a solar cell module, as shown in FIGS. 14-17, including a front cover 201, a first adhesive layer 203, and a solar cell , The second adhesive layer 207 and the back cover 208.
  • the solar cell is arranged between the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207, the front cover 201 is arranged above the first adhesive layer 203, and the rear cover 208 is arranged on the second adhesive layer 207.
  • the solar cell is arranged between the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207, the front cover 201 is arranged above the first adhesive layer 203, and the rear cover 208 is arranged on the second adhesive layer 207.
  • the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207 are made of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (Polyolefin elastomer) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral). Vinyl butyral) material composition, which can bond different parts together in the process of battery assembly packaging.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • POE Polyolefin elastomer
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • Vinyl butyral material composition which can bond different parts together in the process of battery assembly packaging.
  • the front cover 201 and the rear cover 208 are both glass cover plates.
  • the solar cell is the decorative solar cell provided in the first embodiment. It can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 14 that in the prior art, in order to increase the aesthetics of the solar cell module, a decorative and beautifying film layer 102 is added between the upper glass cover 101 and the first encapsulation layer 103.
  • the solar cell used in the solar cell module of the present invention is the decorative solar cell provided in this embodiment. Therefore, the solar cell module provided by the present invention does not need to be between the front cover 201 and the first adhesive layer 203.
  • the decorative beautification film 102 is added in between, but the metal conductive pattern formed by a plurality of metal electrodes presents a pattern with different textures and decorations, which realizes the beautiful function of the solar cell and greatly reduces the packaging cost of the solar cell module And the difficulty of packaging.
  • n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • This embodiment uses two solar cells to specifically describe the connection between the solar cells. Specifically, suppose there are two solar cells, which are set as the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206, and the first solar cell 204 It is electrically connected to the second solar cell 206.
  • the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 are connected in series by a tin-coated solder tape 205 between the metal electrodes on the corresponding solar cell.
  • the adjacent solar cells are connected in series through the tin-coated soldering tape 205 between the metal electrodes on the corresponding solar cells, so that multiple solar cells are connected in series, and then pass through the first adhesive layer 203,
  • the second adhesive layer 207 bonds a plurality of solar cells together, and finally encapsulates the front cover 201 and the rear cover 208 to form a solar cell module.
  • the tin-coated solder tape 205 between the metal electrodes is in a zigzag shape, so that the metal electrodes on adjacent solar cells are connected in series.
  • both the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 are divided into a plurality of cell slices 300.
  • a plurality of battery slices 300 are connected in series in a laminated manner. That is, the edge portions of adjacent battery slices 300 are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each battery slice 300 is divided into an overlapping part and a non-overlapping part; and the adjacent battery slices 300 pass the corresponding
  • the metal electrodes of the overlapped portion of the cell slice 300 are electrically connected.
  • conductive glue can be applied to the metal electrodes of the overlapping parts of the battery slices 300, so that the metal electrodes of the two battery slices 300 are electrically connected.
  • the thickness of the metal electrode in the overlapping portion of the battery slice 300 in the present invention is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrode in the non-overlapping portion of the battery slice 300.
  • the thickness of the metal electrode can be completed by the aforementioned electroplating process, screen printing process and so on. That is, by designing the different positions of each metal electrode on the battery and the shape of each metal electrode during the manufacturing process of the solar cell, the solar cell is encapsulated into a solar cell module.
  • the components have a certain decorative and beautifying effect.

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Abstract

A solar cell having a decorative function, comprising a solar cell piece and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell piece. On the basis of the shape in which the plurality of metal electrodes are arranged and the distribution positions of the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell piece, the plurality of metal electrodes are caused to reflect and interfere with light differently, thereby causing a metal, electrically conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes to exhibit a decorative pattern when viewed from a pre-set distance, thereby causing the solar cell and a packaged solar cell assembly to have an aesthetic appearance, solving the problem in the prior art that when addressing the aesthetics of solar cells and cell assemblies, additional aesthetic film layers or screens must be added during cell assembly packaging, leading to difficult packaging and poor aesthetics. Further disclosed in the present invention are a preparation method for a solar cell having a decorative function, and a solar cell assembly.

Description

具有装饰性的太阳能电池及制备方法、电池组件Decorative solar cell and preparation method and battery assembly 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及太阳能电池的生产工艺，尤其涉及具有装饰性的太阳能电池及其制备方法、太阳能电池组件。The invention relates to a production process of solar cells, in particular to a decorative solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell module.
背景技术Background technique
目前，光伏发电是一种利用半导体的光生伏特效应将太阳能转换为电能的一种发电技术。一般来说，常见的太阳能电池通常是在156mm-210mm的硅片表面通过掺杂的形式形成正负电荷的分离层；当太阳照射到硅片表面后在硅片的两个表面分别形成正或负的两种单一形式的电荷，通过表面的金属电极收集可实现向外供电。其中，电池的正表面的金属电极分为细栅线和主栅线，通过细栅线和主栅线实现电流汇集并传送到外部。在使用过程中，通过在电池单元表面设置一层蓝黑色薄膜，作为保护膜，然后再将多个电池单元通过焊带连接，并将其封装在EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)/POE(Polyolefin elastomer，聚烯烃弹性体)、背板和透明玻璃盖板内，形成能够抵抗自然界恶劣环境下正常工作的光伏组件。Currently, photovoltaic power generation is a power generation technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Generally speaking, common solar cells usually form a positive and negative charge separation layer on the surface of a silicon wafer of 156mm-210mm by doping; when the sun shines on the surface of the silicon wafer, a positive or negative charge is formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer, respectively. The negative two single forms of charge can be collected by the metal electrode on the surface to achieve external power supply. Among them, the metal electrode on the front surface of the battery is divided into a thin grid line and a main grid line, and the current is collected and transmitted to the outside through the thin grid line and the main grid line. During use, a layer of blue-black film is set on the surface of the battery unit as a protective film, and then multiple battery units are connected by soldering tape and encapsulated in EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate). Copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer), the back sheet and the transparent glass cover form a photovoltaic module that can resist normal operation in the harsh environment of nature.
而在光伏组件实际的使用过程中，由于透明玻璃盖板、电池表面的金属电极、焊带、蓝黑色薄膜等会从光伏组件的底部被人从各个角度观察得到；特别是，由于干涉消光的物理原理，蓝黑色薄膜还会随着观察角度的不同，产生不同的颜色，影响光伏组件的美观。In the actual use of photovoltaic modules, because the transparent glass cover, the metal electrodes on the battery surface, the welding ribbon, the blue-black film, etc. will be observed from all angles from the bottom of the photovoltaic module; especially, due to interference extinction According to physical principles, the blue-black film will also produce different colors with different viewing angles, which will affect the beauty of the photovoltaic module.
目前，现有技术中主要有两种方式来实现太阳能电池组件的美观：At present, there are mainly two ways to achieve the beautiful appearance of solar cell modules in the prior art:
其一是采用黑色背板与黑色的聚合物胶带来遮挡太阳能电池上表面的主栅线。这种方式尽管可以改变太阳能电池的外观一致性，但是无法消除蓝黑色薄 膜随着观察角度不同而产生的不同颜色变化。One is to use a black backplane and black polymer tape to cover the bus bars on the upper surface of the solar cell. Although this method can change the uniformity of the solar cell's appearance, it cannot eliminate the different color changes caused by the blue-black film with different viewing angles.
其二是采用通过在玻璃盖板上或玻璃盖板下加入伪装遮盖层。常见的方式时在玻璃盖板和EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)/POE(Polyolefin elastomer，聚烯烃弹性体)封装胶膜之间加入彩色聚合物形成的百叶窗或带有金属离子沉积表面的伪装膜。如图1所示，现有的太阳能电池组件，一般包括依次从上到下设置的上层玻璃盖板101、装饰性美化膜层102、第一封装层103、太阳能电池105、第二封装层107和下层玻璃盖板108。为了保证太阳能电池组件的美观性，通过在上层玻璃盖板101与第一封装层103之间通过增加装饰性美化膜层102来实现。这种方法虽然可大大提高光伏组件的美观性，但是往往伴随着光电转换效率的大幅度下降，使得太阳能电池板的单瓦成本也相应提高，使得该产品的经济性和发电能力下降。The second is to add a camouflage covering layer on the glass cover or under the glass cover. The common way is to add colored polymer shutters or belts between the glass cover and the EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)/POE (Polyolefin elastomer) packaging film. Camouflage film on metal ion deposition surface. As shown in Figure 1, the existing solar cell module generally includes an upper glass cover 101, a decorative and beautifying film layer 102, a first encapsulation layer 103, a solar cell 105, and a second encapsulation layer 107 arranged in order from top to bottom. And the lower glass cover 108. In order to ensure the aesthetics of the solar cell module, it is achieved by adding a decorative and beautifying film layer 102 between the upper glass cover 101 and the first encapsulation layer 103. Although this method can greatly improve the aesthetics of photovoltaic modules, it is often accompanied by a significant drop in photoelectric conversion efficiency, which increases the cost per watt of solar panels, which reduces the economic efficiency and power generation capacity of the product.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其能够解决现有技术中通过在太阳能电池组件封装时增加装饰性美化膜层或遮挡物而导致太阳能电池的光电转换效率差等问题。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a decorative solar cell, which can solve the problem caused by adding a decorative beautification film or shielding when the solar cell module is packaged in the prior art. Poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells and other issues.
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其能够解决现有技术中通过在太阳能电池组件封装时增加装饰性美化膜层或遮挡物而导致太阳能电池的光电转换效率差等问题。The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing decorative solar cells, which can solve the problem of photoelectric conversion of solar cells by adding decorative beautification films or barriers during solar cell module packaging in the prior art. Problems such as poor efficiency.
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种具有装饰性的太阳能电池组件，其能够解决现有技术中通过在太阳能电池组件封装时增加装饰性美化膜层或遮挡物而导致太阳能电池的光电转换效率差等问题。The third object of the present invention is to provide a decorative solar cell module, which can solve the problem of poor photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells caused by adding decorative beautification films or barriers during solar cell module packaging in the prior art And other issues.
本发明的目的之一采用如下技术方案实现：One of the objectives of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
具有装饰性的太阳能电池，所述太阳能电池包括太阳能电池片以及沉积于 所述太阳能电池片上的多个金属电极；根据设置的多个金属电极的形状以及多个金属电极在所述太阳能电池片上的分布位置，使得多个金属电极对光具有不同的反射和干涉，从而使得多个金属电极形成的金属导电图形在预设距离观看时呈现具有装饰性的图案。A decorative solar cell, the solar cell includes a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; according to the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes set and the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell sheet The distribution position makes the multiple metal electrodes have different reflections and interferences to light, so that the metal conductive pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.
进一步地，金属电极的形状包括金属电极的高度、宽度、长度、顶部截面与太阳能电池片表面的角度。Further, the shape of the metal electrode includes the height, width, length, and angle of the top section of the metal electrode and the surface of the solar cell sheet.
进一步地，多个金属电极之间的高度差的范围为60nm～150nm。Further, the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60 nm to 150 nm.
进一步地，一个或多个金属电极的顶部的表面上设有颜色涂层。Further, the top surface of one or more metal electrodes is provided with a color coating.
进一步地，所述太阳能电池包括以下电池中的任意一种：异质结电池、黑硅电池、PERC电池、TOPCON电池以及以上电池与其他薄膜电池组成的叠层电池。Further, the solar cell includes any one of the following cells: heterojunction cells, black silicon cells, PERC cells, TOPCON cells, and laminated cells composed of the above cells and other thin film cells.
进一步地，所述金属电极为以下金属中的任意一种或多种组成：金属银、金属铜和金属铝。Further, the metal electrode is composed of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper, and metallic aluminum.
本发明的目的之二采用如下技术方案实现：The second objective of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
方案一：Option One:
一种如本发明目的之一采用的具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：A method for preparing a decorative solar cell as one of the objectives of the present invention, the preparation method comprising:
在对太阳能电池片的丝网印刷过程中，通过套版印刷的方式对不同金属电极进行对应次数的印刷，使得所述太阳能电池片上的所述多个金属电极之间具有高度差；During the screen printing process of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are printed for corresponding times by register printing, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell;
或者，在对太阳能电池片的电镀过程中，通过控制电镀的电流密度进而控制不同金属电极的沉积速度，使得所述太阳能电池片上的所述多个金属电极之间具有高度差；Or, during the electroplating process of the solar cell, by controlling the current density of electroplating to control the deposition speed of different metal electrodes, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell;
或者，对太阳能电池片的电镀过程中，通过套版电镀的方式对不同金属电极进行对应次数的电镀，使得所述太阳能电池片上的所述多个金属电极之间具有高度差。Alternatively, during the electroplating process of the solar cell, the different metal electrodes are electroplated correspondingly by the method of register plating, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell.
进一步地，所述制备方法包括：Further, the preparation method includes:
步骤S11：在激光转印膜上形成各种形状的多个沟槽；Step S11: forming multiple grooves of various shapes on the laser transfer film;
步骤S12：在每个沟槽内填充导电金属浆料形成对应金属电极，并刮去激光转印膜表面多余的导电金属浆料；Step S12: Fill each groove with conductive metal paste to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scrape off the excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film;
步骤S13：通过激光加热工艺将每个沟槽内的金属电极转印到所述太阳能电池片的表面上。Step S13: Transfer the metal electrode in each groove to the surface of the solar cell sheet through a laser heating process.
进一步地，所述步骤S12包括：首先通过印刷工艺在每个沟槽内印刷填充导电金属浆料，并当所有的沟槽填充完毕后通过刮刀将所述电极载体膜表面残留的多余导电金属浆料去除，进而在每个沟槽内形成导电体；然后通过电镀工艺对每个导电体进行电镀导电金属浆料使得每个导电体向所述电极载体膜外的区域延伸形成对应金属电极。Further, the step S12 includes: firstly, the conductive metal paste is printed and filled in each trench by a printing process, and after all the trenches are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a squeegee. The material is removed, and then a conductor is formed in each trench; then each conductor is electroplated with a conductive metal paste through an electroplating process so that each conductor extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
进一步地，所述导电金属浆料包括以下浆料的一种或多种的组合：金属银浆料、金属铜浆料以及金属铝浆料。Further, the conductive metal paste includes one or a combination of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste, and metal aluminum paste.
方案二：Option II:
一种如本发明目的之一采用的具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：A method for preparing a decorative solar cell as one of the objectives of the present invention, the preparation method comprising:
步骤S21：在电极载体膜上设置形成各种形状的多个沟槽；Step S21: forming a plurality of grooves of various shapes on the electrode carrier film;
步骤S22：在每个沟槽内填充导电金属材料形成对应金属电极；Step S22: Fill each trench with a conductive metal material to form a corresponding metal electrode;
步骤S23：将每个金属电极粘贴于所述太阳能电池片的表面上，使得每个金属电极与太阳能电池片电性连接，进而使得电极载体膜位于所述太阳能电池片 上。Step S23: Paste each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell sheet, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell sheet, so that the electrode carrier film is located on the solar cell sheet.
进一步地，所述步骤S22包括：通过印刷工艺在每个沟槽内印刷填充导电金属浆料，并当所有的沟槽填充完毕后，通过刮刀将电极载体膜表面残留的多余导电金属浆料去除，进而在每个沟槽内形成导电体；然后通过电镀工艺在每个导电体上电镀导电金属浆料，使得每个导电体向电极载体膜外的区域延伸，进而形成突出的金属电极；Further, the step S22 includes: printing and filling conductive metal paste in each trench through a printing process, and after all trenches are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a squeegee. , And then forming a conductor in each trench; then electroplating conductive metal paste on each conductor through an electroplating process, so that each conductor extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode;
或者，所述步骤S22包括：首先通过溅射工艺在每个沟槽内沉积导电金属膜层，并当所有的沟槽沉积完成后通过打磨工艺去除所述电极载体膜表面的导电金属膜层；然后通过电镀工艺在每个导电金属膜层上沉积导电金属浆料导电金属浆料使得每个导电金属膜层向所述电极载体膜外的区域延伸形成对应金属电极。Alternatively, the step S22 includes: first depositing a conductive metal film layer in each trench through a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film through a polishing process when all trenches are deposited; Then, a conductive metal paste is deposited on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process, so that each conductive metal film layer extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
进一步地，所述步骤S23包括：将每个金属电极通过金属导电粘合剂与所述太阳能电池片表面上的导电物质结合，使得每个金属电极与太阳能电池片电性连接；其中，所述金属导电粘合剂为导电金属浆料或导电胶带；所述太阳能电池片表面上的导电物质为导电薄膜或导电金属浆料。Further, the step S23 includes: combining each metal electrode with the conductive material on the surface of the solar cell through a metal conductive adhesive, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell; wherein, the The conductive metal adhesive is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape; the conductive material on the surface of the solar cell is a conductive film or a conductive metal paste.
进一步地，所述导电金属浆料包括以下浆料的一种或多种的组合：金属银浆料、金属铜浆料以及金属铝浆料。Further, the conductive metal paste includes one or a combination of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste, and metal aluminum paste.
本发明的目的之三采用如下技术方案实现：The third objective of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
具有装饰性的太阳能电池组件，所述太阳能电池组件包括前盖板、第一粘合层、多个太阳能电池、第二粘合层和后盖板；其中，太阳能电池设于第一粘合层与第二粘合层之间；前盖板设于第一粘合层上，后盖板设于第二粘合层的下方；每个太阳能电池为如本发明目的之一采用的具有装饰性的太阳能电池。A decorative solar cell module, the solar cell module includes a front cover, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a back cover; wherein the solar cells are arranged on the first adhesive layer And the second adhesive layer; the front cover is arranged on the first adhesive layer, and the rear cover is arranged below the second adhesive layer; each solar cell is decorated as one of the purposes of the present invention Of solar cells.
进一步地，相邻太阳能电池通过对应太阳能电池的金属电极之间的涂锡焊 带串联连接。Further, adjacent solar cells are connected in series by tin-coated solder tapes between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.
进一步地，每个太阳能电池包括多个电池片切片，并且相邻电池片切片的边缘部分以叠放的方式串联在一起，使得每个电池片切片分为交叠部分和非交叠部分；相邻电池片切片通过对应电池片切片的交叠部分的金属电极串联连接。Further, each solar cell includes a plurality of cell slices, and the edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each cell slice is divided into an overlapping part and a non-overlapping part; The adjacent cell slices are connected in series through the metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapping parts of the cell slices.
进一步地，电池片切片的交叠部分的金属电极的厚度比电池片切片的非交叠部分的金属电极的厚度薄。Further, the thickness of the metal electrode in the overlapping part of the battery slice is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrode in the non-overlapping part of the battery slice.
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过针对太阳能电池的电池片上的金属电极的形状以及在电池片上的分布位置进行改进，从而使得多个金属电极形成金属导电图形；电池片上的多个金属电极在光的照射下具有不同的反射和干涉特性，使得多个金属电极所形成的金属导电图形呈现出具有装饰性的图案，使得太阳能电池具有美观性，解决了现有技术中通过在太阳能电池组件封装时增加装饰性美化膜层或其他遮挡物实现美化时导致太阳能电池的光电转换效率下降等问题，同时降低了封装难度和封装成本。The present invention improves the shape of the metal electrode on the solar cell and the distribution position on the cell, so that a plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern; the plurality of metal electrodes on the cell have different shapes under light irradiation. The reflection and interference characteristics make the metal conductive pattern formed by multiple metal electrodes present a decorative pattern, which makes the solar cell aesthetic, and solves the problem of adding a decorative beautification film layer in the solar cell module packaging in the prior art. When beautification is achieved by other shields, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is reduced, and the packaging difficulty and packaging cost are reduced at the same time.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为现有技术中的太阳能电池组件的封装结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of a solar cell module in the prior art;
图2为本发明提供的太阳能电池上具有高度差的金属电极示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of metal electrodes with height differences on the solar cell provided by the present invention;
图3为本发明提供的太阳能电池上顶部截面具有角度差的金属电极示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a metal electrode with an angle difference on the top section of the solar cell provided by the present invention;
图4为本发明提供的在激光转印膜的表面设置多个沟槽的示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of providing multiple grooves on the surface of the laser transfer film provided by the present invention;
图5为在图4中沟槽内填充导电金属浆料形成金属导电体的示意图；FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of filling a conductive metal paste in the trench in FIG. 4 to form a metal conductor; FIG.
图6为将图5中金属导电体转印到电池片上形成金属电极的示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of transferring the metal conductor in FIG. 5 to the battery sheet to form a metal electrode;
图7为本发明提供的太阳能电池的金属电极的顶部的表面上设有颜色涂层的示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a color coating provided on the top surface of the metal electrode of the solar cell provided by the present invention;
图8为本发明提供的在电极载体膜的表面设置沟槽的示意图；8 is a schematic diagram of providing grooves on the surface of the electrode carrier film provided by the present invention;
图9为在图8中沟槽内填充导电金属浆料后形成的导电体的示意图；FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a conductor formed after the trench in FIG. 8 is filled with conductive metal paste;
图10为在图9中的导电体上电镀导电金属浆料后形成金属电极的示意图；FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of forming a metal electrode after electroplating a conductive metal paste on the conductor in FIG. 9; FIG.
图11为将电极载体膜的沟槽内形成的金属电极粘贴于电池片上的示意图；FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of pasting the metal electrode formed in the groove of the electrode carrier film on the battery sheet;
图12为在图8中的沟槽内填充导电金属膜层的示意图；FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of filling a conductive metal film layer in the trench in FIG. 8; FIG.
图13为在图12中的导电金属膜层上沉积导电金属浆料形成金属电极示意图；FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of depositing a conductive metal paste on the conductive metal film layer in FIG. 12 to form a metal electrode;
图14为本发明提供的太阳能电池组件的封装结构示意图之一；14 is one of the schematic diagrams of the packaging structure of the solar cell module provided by the present invention;
图15为图14的竖向截面示意图；Fig. 15 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 14;
图16为本发明提供的太阳能电池组件的封装结构示意图之二；16 is the second schematic diagram of the packaging structure of the solar cell module provided by the present invention;
图17为图16的竖向截面示意图。Fig. 17 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 16.
图中：101、上玻璃盖板；102、装饰性美化膜层；103、第一封装层；105、太阳能电池；107、第二封装层；108、下层玻璃盖板；400、金属电极；401、电池片；402、第一金属电极；403、第二金属电极；404、第一上色层；405、第二上色层；406、导电粘合剂；505、沟槽；504、激光转印膜；503、第一金属导电体；600、第二金属导电体；602、电极载体膜；700、导电金属膜层；201、前盖板；203、第一粘合层；204、第一太阳能电池；205、涂锡焊带；206、第二太阳能电池；207、第二粘合层；208、后盖板；300、电池片切片。In the picture: 101, upper glass cover; 102, decorative beautification film layer; 103, first encapsulation layer; 105, solar cell; 107, second encapsulation layer; 108, lower glass cover; 400, metal electrode; 401 , Cell; 402, first metal electrode; 403, second metal electrode; 404, first colored layer; 405, second colored layer; 406, conductive adhesive; 505, groove; 504, laser transfer Printing film; 503, first metal conductor; 600, second metal conductor; 602, electrode carrier film; 700, conductive metal film layer; 201, front cover; 203, first adhesive layer; 204, first Solar cell; 205, tinned solder tape; 206, second solar cell; 207, second adhesive layer; 208, back cover plate; 300, cell slice.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述，需要说明的是，在不相冲突的前提下，以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。In the following, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementations. It should be noted that, provided that there is no conflict, the following embodiments or technical features can be combined to form new embodiments. .
实施例一Example one
本发明提供了一种优选地实施例，通过在对太阳能电池的制造过程中考虑到电池片以及电池的美观性要求，从而使得太阳能电池封装后形成的电池组件具有美观性。The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, which takes into account the aesthetic requirements of the solar cell and the battery during the manufacturing process of the solar cell, so that the solar cell assembly formed after the solar cell is encapsulated has aesthetics.
也即是：通过对太阳能电池片上的多个金属电极的不同设计实现太阳能电池片的美观性，同时还可以降低太阳能电池片的串联电阻，不仅保证了太阳能电池片的美观性，还提高太阳能电池组件的发电量和导热性能，以及提高了太阳能电池以及电池组件的弱光发电能力和高温发电能力。That is to say: through the different designs of the multiple metal electrodes on the solar cells to achieve the beauty of the solar cells, and at the same time, it can also reduce the series resistance of the solar cells, which not only ensures the beauty of the solar cells, but also improves the solar cells. The power generation and thermal conductivity of the components, as well as the low-light power generation capacity and high-temperature power generation capacity of solar cells and battery modules are improved.
一般来说，太阳能电池工作时，当太阳光照射到太阳能电池的硅片表面上时，在硅片的两个表面分别形成正或负的两种单一形式的电荷，通过硅片表面沉积的金属电极收集电荷，实现向外供电。因此，对于太阳能电池的发电能力、导热性等均与太阳能电池片上的金属电极相关联。Generally speaking, when the solar cell is working, when sunlight hits the surface of the silicon wafer of the solar cell, two single forms of charge, positive or negative, are formed on the two surfaces of the silicon wafer, and the metal deposited on the surface of the silicon wafer The electrodes collect electric charges to realize external power supply. Therefore, the power generation capacity and thermal conductivity of the solar cell are all related to the metal electrode on the solar cell sheet.
本发明所提供的具有装饰性的太阳能电池，通过对太阳能电池的电池片上沉积的金属电极的形状以及分布位置进行不同设计，不仅增强了太阳能电池以及太阳能电池组件的美观性，同时还可以提高太阳能电池组件的发电能力以及导热性能等。The decorative solar cell provided by the present invention not only enhances the aesthetics of the solar cell and solar cell module, but also improves the solar cell by differently designing the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode deposited on the solar cell sheet. The power generation capacity and thermal conductivity of the battery components.
具有装饰性的太阳能电池，包括太阳能电池片以及沉积于太阳能电池片上的多个金属电极。其中，本文为了方便描述，将太阳能电池片简称电池片，即本文中所述的电池片均指太阳能电池片。Decorative solar cells include solar cells and multiple metal electrodes deposited on the solar cells. Among them, for the convenience of description in this article, solar cells are referred to as cells for short, that is, the cells described in this article all refer to solar cells.
其中，电池片上沉积的多个金属电极，并且多个金属电极形成金属导电图形。根据设置的多个金属电极的形状以及在电池片上的分布位置，使得多个金属电极对光具有不同的反射和干涉特性，从而使得多个金属电极所形成的金属电导图形在预设距离观看时呈现出具有装饰性的图案。本文所指的预设距离是可根据实际的情况进行设定，一般来说，太阳能电池组件在使用时，需要安装 于离地面对应高度的设备或装置上，通过接收太阳光线来实现发电；不同的使用场合下，其离地面高度不同。Among them, a plurality of metal electrodes are deposited on the battery sheet, and the plurality of metal electrodes form a metal conductive pattern. According to the shape of the multiple metal electrodes and the distribution position on the cell, the multiple metal electrodes have different reflection and interference characteristics to light, so that the metal conductivity pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes can be viewed at a preset distance. Presents a decorative pattern. The preset distance referred to in this article can be set according to the actual situation. Generally speaking, when the solar cell module is in use, it needs to be installed on a device or device at a corresponding height from the ground to realize power generation by receiving sunlight; different Under the occasion of use, the height from the ground is different.
优选地，金属电极的形状包括但不限于：金属电极的高度、宽度、长度、顶部截面与电池片表面的角度等。金属电极的分布位置是指金属电极在电池片上的分布位置。也即是，通过设置金属电极的不同形状、设置金属电极在电池片上的不同分布位置可使得多个金属电极形成不同的金属导电图形，从而使得不同的金属导电图形在预设距离观看时呈现出不同装饰性的图案，实现太阳能电池以及电池组件的美观性。由于本发明所提供的太阳能电池本身所具有一定的美观性，因此在对太阳能电池进行封装成电池组件时，就不需要像现有技术中一样增加装饰性封装层或其他装饰膜等来实现电池组件的美观性，降低了封装难度以及封装成本。Preferably, the shape of the metal electrode includes, but is not limited to: the height, width, length, and angle between the top section of the metal electrode and the surface of the battery sheet. The distribution position of the metal electrode refers to the distribution position of the metal electrode on the battery sheet. That is, by setting the different shapes of the metal electrodes and the different distribution positions of the metal electrodes on the battery sheet, multiple metal electrodes can form different metal conductive patterns, so that different metal conductive patterns appear when viewed from a preset distance. Different decorative patterns realize the aesthetics of solar cells and battery components. Because the solar cell provided by the present invention has a certain aesthetics, when the solar cell is packaged into a battery module, there is no need to add a decorative encapsulation layer or other decorative film to realize the battery as in the prior art. The aesthetics of the components reduces the difficulty and cost of packaging.
另外，由于现有技术中太阳能电池的硅片上的金属电极仅仅具有导电功能，因此，在保证导电功能的同时为了降低成本费用，金属电极一般是由金属银(Ag)浆料印制而成，其高度控制在15um～25um以内，并且每个金属电极会尽量降低金属银浆料的用量，比如，每片电池片的金属银浆料的总耗量在100mg～200mg之间。因此，由于每片电池片的金属电极的金属浆料的用量较少，则导致太阳能电池的发电量降低。另外，由于这些金属电极只是承担导电的功能，一般是以网格形状排列于硅片上，并且金属电极也不具备遮蔽硅片颜色的作用。In addition, since the metal electrode on the silicon wafer of the solar cell in the prior art only has a conductive function, in order to reduce the cost while ensuring the conductive function, the metal electrode is generally printed with metallic silver (Ag) paste. , Its height is controlled within 15um-25um, and each metal electrode will minimize the amount of metal silver paste. For example, the total consumption of metal silver paste per cell is between 100mg and 200mg. Therefore, since the amount of the metal paste of the metal electrode of each cell is small, the power generation of the solar cell is reduced. In addition, since these metal electrodes only perform the function of conducting electricity, they are generally arranged on the silicon wafer in a grid shape, and the metal electrodes do not have the function of shielding the color of the silicon wafer.
而本发明的电池片上的金属电极不仅仅只具有导电功能，每个金属电极均具有典型意义，多个金属电极的形状以及在电池片上的分布位置均与金属导电图形所呈现的装饰性图案相关联。当太阳光照射到电池片上时，由多个金属电极由于其对应的形状以及分布位置的不同，导致对光产生不同的反射和干涉特性，使得形成的对应的金属导电图形呈现出具有装饰性的图案，实现了太阳能 电池以及太阳能电池组件的美化功能。The metal electrodes on the battery sheet of the present invention not only have a conductive function, each metal electrode has a typical meaning, and the shape of multiple metal electrodes and the distribution position on the battery sheet are all related to the decorative pattern presented by the metal conductive pattern. United. When sunlight is irradiated on the cell, the multiple metal electrodes have different reflection and interference characteristics due to their corresponding shapes and different distribution positions, which makes the corresponding metal conductive patterns appear decorative. The pattern realizes the beautification function of solar cells and solar cell modules.
因此，本发明对于金属电极的形状，诸如高度、宽度、长度、顶部截面与电池片表面的角度等均具有一定的规定，因此本发明对于金属电极的用量不作限制，根据具体的设计需求进行设定即可。由于本发明不对金属电极的用量做限制，因此本发明在对金属电极的材料选择上为使用其他导电性能较差的贱金属提供了可能。也即是并不像现有技术中一样只能采用金属银浆料来对金属电极进行制备，同时还可以采用诸如金属铜(Cu)浆料、金属铝(Al)浆料、金属银与金属铜混合的浆料或其他导电金属浆料等，使得电池的金属电极的用料类型的限制具有了扩展性。Therefore, the present invention has certain provisions for the shape of the metal electrode, such as the height, width, length, the angle between the top section and the surface of the cell sheet, etc. Therefore, the present invention does not limit the amount of the metal electrode, and it is designed according to specific design requirements. Set it. Since the present invention does not limit the amount of the metal electrode, the present invention provides the possibility to use other base metals with poor conductivity in the selection of the material of the metal electrode. That is, unlike the prior art, only metal silver paste can be used to prepare metal electrodes. At the same time, metal copper (Cu) paste, metal aluminum (Al) paste, metal silver and metal can also be used. Copper mixed paste or other conductive metal pastes, etc., make the battery metal electrode material type restrictions have expandability.
因此，本发明不仅实现了太阳能电池的美化功能，同时还对金属电极的材料进行了相应扩展，为使用其他导电性能较差的其他金属提供了可能，也为降低太阳能电池的制备成本提供了可能，大大降低了对金属电极的材料的导电性要求，为降低金属电极的成本提供了可能。另外，由于本发明中对于金属电极的用量以及材料上不作限制，也为提高太阳能电池的发电能力提供可能。Therefore, the present invention not only realizes the beautification function of the solar cell, but also expands the material of the metal electrode correspondingly, which provides the possibility to use other metals with poor conductivity, and also provides the possibility to reduce the manufacturing cost of the solar cell. , Which greatly reduces the conductivity requirements for the material of the metal electrode, and provides the possibility to reduce the cost of the metal electrode. In addition, since the amount and material of the metal electrode are not limited in the present invention, it also provides the possibility to improve the power generation capacity of the solar cell.
另外，本发明所提供的实施例中由沉积于电池片上的多个金属电极所形成金属导电图形，与现有技术中电池片上的金属电极所形成的网络形状的图像并不同。本发明是在制造过程中，针对金属电极的形状以及在电池片上的分布位置进行设计，进而使得多个金属电极形成不同的金属导电图形，在光的照射下由于不同金属电极对于光的反射和干涩特性，使得对应的金属导电图形可呈现出不同纹理的、具有装饰性的图案，大大提高美观性。In addition, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the metal conductive pattern formed by the plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the battery sheet is different from the image of the network shape formed by the metal electrode on the battery sheet in the prior art. The present invention is designed for the shape of the metal electrode and the distribution position on the cell during the manufacturing process, so that a plurality of metal electrodes form different metal conductive patterns. Under the irradiation of light, different metal electrodes reflect and reflect light. The dryness characteristics enable the corresponding metal conductive patterns to present different textures and decorative patterns, which greatly improves the aesthetics.
优选地，装饰性图案可为木纹状、大理石状、花岗岩状等等，具体根据电池片上的多个金属电极的形状以及分布位置的不同而不同。Preferably, the decorative pattern may be wood grain, marble, granite, etc., and may be different according to the shapes and distribution positions of the multiple metal electrodes on the battery sheet.
优选地，金属导电图形在呈现装饰性图案时，由于不同的金属电极的形状 以及分布位置的不同在光的照射下形成图案的不同的明暗效果。具体地，诸如当不同的金属电极之间具有高度差时，金属导电图形在光的照射下会形成装饰性图案的明暗效果；当不同的金属电极的顶部截面之间具有角度差时，金属导电图形在光的照射下会形成装饰性图案的明暗效果等。也即是说金属导电图形在光的照射下所形成的装饰性图案与电池片上金属电极的形状以及分布位置有关，本发明具体给出以下具体的实施例来说明电池片上金属电极的制备过程，具体如下：Preferably, when the metal conductive pattern presents a decorative pattern, due to the different shapes and distribution positions of different metal electrodes, different light and dark effects of the pattern are formed under the irradiation of light. Specifically, such as when there is a height difference between different metal electrodes, the metal conductive pattern will form a decorative pattern of light and dark effects under the irradiation of light; when there is an angle difference between the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes, the metal conducts electricity. The graphics will form decorative patterns such as light and dark effects under the irradiation of light. That is to say, the decorative pattern formed by the metal conductive pattern under the irradiation of light is related to the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode on the cell. The present invention specifically provides the following specific examples to illustrate the preparation process of the metal electrode on the cell. details as follows:
当多个金属电极之间具有高度差时：由于不同高度的金属电极对于光的反射和干涉特性的不同，当太阳光照射到电池片上时，使得金属导电图形呈现出的装饰性图案具有不同的明暗度。When there is a height difference between multiple metal electrodes: due to the difference in light reflection and interference characteristics of metal electrodes of different heights, when sunlight is irradiated on the cell, the decorative patterns presented by the metal conductive patterns have different Shading.
优选地，如图2所示，在电池片401上形成第一金属电极402与第二金属电极403之间具有高度差。根据金属电极的制备工艺的不同，本发明提供了以下多种制备方法对电池片401上的金属电极的制备，从而使得不同金属电极之间的高度差。Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 formed on the battery sheet 401. According to the different preparation processes of the metal electrodes, the present invention provides the following various preparation methods to prepare the metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401, so as to make the height difference between different metal electrodes.
制备方法一：通过丝网印刷工艺实现多个金属电极的高度差。Preparation method 1: The height difference of multiple metal electrodes is realized by a screen printing process.
优选地，本实施例以电池片401上的两个金属电极的高度差来说明：Preferably, this embodiment uses the height difference between the two metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401 to illustrate:
如图2所示，在电池片的制备过程中：首先在电池片401上印刷导电金属浆料形成第一金属电极402、第二金属电极403；然后再对第二金属电极403套版印刷一次，使得第一金属电极402的高度与第二金属电极403的高度不同；此时，第一金属电极402与第二金属电极403之间产生高度差。As shown in Figure 2, during the preparation process of the battery sheet: firstly, a conductive metal paste is printed on the battery sheet 401 to form the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403; then the second metal electrode 403 is overprinted once , So that the height of the first metal electrode 402 is different from the height of the second metal electrode 403; at this time, there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403.
也即是，对于第二金属电极403的印刷次数与第一金属电极402的印刷次数不同，使得第二金属电极403与第一金属电极402具备高度差。That is, the number of times of printing of the second metal electrode 403 is different from the number of times of printing of the first metal electrode 402, so that the second metal electrode 403 and the first metal electrode 402 have a height difference.
也即是，本发明通过多次套版印刷的方式使得电池片401上多个金属电极 的印刷次数不同，实现电池片401上多个金属电极的高度差。That is, in the present invention, the number of printing times of the multiple metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401 is different through the method of multiple register printing, so as to realize the height difference of the multiple metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401.
制备方法二：通过电镀工艺实现不同金属电极的高度差。Preparation method two: realize the height difference of different metal electrodes through an electroplating process.
如图2所示，首先在电池片401上电镀导电金属浆料并生成第一金属电极402和第二金属电极403；然后再对第二金属电极403电镀一次，使得第一金属电极402与第二金属电极403具有不同的高度；此时，第一金属电极402与第二金属电极403之间产生高度差。As shown in Figure 2, first electroplating a conductive metal paste on the cell 401 to generate a first metal electrode 402 and a second metal electrode 403; then electroplating the second metal electrode 403 once, so that the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 are electroplated again. The two metal electrodes 403 have different heights; at this time, there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403.
也即是，通过多次套版电镀的方式使得不同金属电极的电镀次数不同，实现不同金属电极的高度差。That is to say, the electroplating times of different metal electrodes are different through the way of multiple sets of electroplating, and the height difference of different metal electrodes is realized.
优选地，由于电镀工艺的特性，本发明还可在电镀工艺过程中，通过控制不同金属电极的电镀的电流密度来控制每个金属电极的沉积速度，实现不同金属电极的高度差。比如：在电镀过程中，通过对第一金属电极402、第二金属电极403加以不同的电流密度，可实现第一金属电极402、第二金属电极403具有不同的生长速率；因此，在电镀完成后，第一金属电极402、第二金属电极403具有不同的高度；此时第一金属电极402与第二金属电极403之间产生高度差。Preferably, due to the characteristics of the electroplating process, the present invention can also control the deposition speed of each metal electrode by controlling the current density of electroplating of different metal electrodes during the electroplating process, so as to realize the height difference of different metal electrodes. For example, in the electroplating process, by applying different current densities to the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403, it is possible to realize that the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 have different growth rates; therefore, after the electroplating is completed After that, the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403 have different heights; at this time, there is a height difference between the first metal electrode 402 and the second metal electrode 403.
优选地，不同金属电极的高度差大于或等于60nm。优选地，不同金属电极的高度差为60nm～150nm。Preferably, the height difference of different metal electrodes is greater than or equal to 60 nm. Preferably, the height difference between the different metal electrodes is 60 nm to 150 nm.
另外，本发明中的装饰性图案是当太阳光照射到电池片401上时，由于电池片401的金属电极的形状以及分布位置的不同会对太阳光进行光的干涉调制，从而形成装饰性图案的明暗纹理。而太阳光的光波为白光光波，包括多种可见光光波，不同的可见光光波的波长不同。当不同金属电极之间的高度差不同时，其光线所形成的明暗纹理也不同。In addition, the decorative pattern in the present invention means that when sunlight is irradiated on the cell 401, due to the difference in the shape and distribution position of the metal electrode of the cell 401, the sunlight will be interfered and modulated to form a decorative pattern. Light and dark texture. The light waves of sunlight are white light waves, including a variety of visible light waves, and different visible light waves have different wavelengths. When the height difference between different metal electrodes is different, the light and dark textures formed by the light are also different.
其中，根据光的干涉的消光公式可得出特定波长为λ的光线射入折射率为n的薄膜内部，要满足nd＝λ/4就可以达成消光效应，使特定波长的光线不会再 反射回去。理想情况下，光线会全部被完美吸收。其中，d为薄膜材料(比如太阳能电池的封装材料等)的厚度。Among them, according to the extinction formula of light interference, it can be concluded that light with a specific wavelength of λ enters the film with a refractive index of n, and the extinction effect can be achieved if nd = λ/4, so that the light of a specific wavelength will not be reflected again. go back. Ideally, all light will be perfectly absorbed. Among them, d is the thickness of the thin film material (such as the packaging material of the solar cell, etc.).
假设考虑可见光波长为380nm～760nm；其中，红光波长范围760nm～622nm；橙光波长范围：622nm～597nm；黄光波长范围：597nm～577nm；绿光波长范围：577nm～492nm；青光波长范围：492nm～450nm；蓝光波长范围：450nm～435nm；紫光波长范围：435nm～390nm。Assuming that the wavelength of visible light is 380nm～760nm; among them, the wavelength range of red light is 760nm～622nm; the wavelength range of orange light: 622nm～597nm; the wavelength range of yellow light: 597nm～577nm; the wavelength range of green light: 577nm～492nm; the wavelength range of cyan light : 492nm～450nm; blue light wavelength range: 450nm～435nm; violet light wavelength range: 435nm～390nm.
设定常用的光伏电池组件的封装材料EVA、POE、PVB，其折射率为n＝1.3～1.6之间。Set the commonly used packaging materials of photovoltaic cell modules EVA, POE, PVB, and their refractive index is between n=1.3 to 1.6.
当可见光为红光时，假设封装材料的折射率取最小值n＝1.3，波长取最大值λ＝760，此时红光消光(也即是被吸收)，金属电极之间的高度差需要为146nm。When the visible light is red light, suppose that the refractive index of the packaging material takes the minimum value n=1.3, and the wavelength takes the maximum value λ=760. At this time, the red light is extinct (that is, absorbed), and the height difference between the metal electrodes needs to be 146nm.
当可见光为紫光时，假设封装材料的折射率取最大值n＝1.6，波长取最大值λ＝760，此时紫光消光(也即是被吸收)，金属电极之间的高度差需要为61nm。When the visible light is violet light, assuming that the refractive index of the packaging material takes the maximum value n=1.6 and the wavelength takes the maximum value λ=760, the violet light is extinct (that is, absorbed), and the height difference between the metal electrodes needs to be 61 nm.
因此，基于上述计算，本发明对于不同金属电极的高度差优选为60nm～150nm。Therefore, based on the above calculation, the height difference of the different metal electrodes in the present invention is preferably 60 nm to 150 nm.
也即是说，只要电池片401上的不同金属电极的高度差在60nm～150nm之内就可以使得太阳能电池以及太阳能电池组件在不同观察角度下，由于电池片401上的金属电极的高度差造成不同的光线的反射和干涉特性，使得电池片401上的金属导电图形呈现出不同的明暗效果，实现太阳能电池以及太阳能电池组件的美观功能。In other words, as long as the height difference between the different metal electrodes on the cell 401 is within 60nm～150nm, the solar cells and solar cell modules can be viewed at different angles due to the height difference of the metal electrodes on the cell 401. Different light reflection and interference characteristics make the metal conductive pattern on the cell 401 show different light and dark effects, and realize the aesthetic function of the solar cell and the solar cell module.
当多个金属电极的顶部截面之间具有角度差时：由于不同金属电极的顶部截面之间具有角度差，当太阳光照射到电池片401上时，使得金属导电图形呈现出的图案具有不同的明暗度。如图3所示，第一金属电极402的顶部截面A与第二金属电极403的顶部截面B的具有角度差。When there is an angular difference between the top cross-sections of a plurality of metal electrodes: due to the angular difference between the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes, when sunlight is irradiated on the cell 401, the pattern of the metal conductive pattern is different. Shading. As shown in FIG. 3, the top section A of the first metal electrode 402 and the top section B of the second metal electrode 403 have an angle difference.
一般来说，现有技术中的金属电极的顶部截面均与电池片401表面平行。本发明通过将不同金属电极的顶部截面与电池片401表面之间具有一定的角度，这样，当光照射到电池片401上时，由于金属电极的顶部截面相对于电池片401表面时具有一定的倾斜角度，会使得金属导电图形呈现出相应的明暗效果。Generally speaking, the top cross section of the metal electrode in the prior art is parallel to the surface of the cell 401. In the present invention, the top cross section of different metal electrodes and the surface of the cell 401 have a certain angle, so that when light is irradiated on the cell 401, the top section of the metal electrode has a certain angle relative to the surface of the cell 401. The angle of inclination will make the metal conductive pattern show a corresponding light and dark effect.
优选地，根据金属电极的制备工艺的不同，本发明提供了以下多种制备方法对电池片401上的金属电极的制备，从而使得不同金属电极的顶部截面之间具有角度差：Preferably, according to the different preparation processes of the metal electrodes, the present invention provides the following multiple preparation methods to prepare the metal electrodes on the battery sheet 401, so that there is an angle difference between the top cross-sections of different metal electrodes:
制备方法三：通过激光转印工艺实现多个金属电极的顶部截面的角度差。Preparation method 3: The angle difference of the top cross-sections of the multiple metal electrodes is realized through a laser transfer process.
如图4-6所示，该制备方法三包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 4-6, the third preparation method includes the following steps:
步骤S11、在激光转印膜504的表面设置各种形状的多个沟槽505。其中，沟槽505的底部截面与激光转印膜504的表面之间具有一定的角度(该角度大于零)；也即是不同沟槽505的底部截面之间具有角度差。其中，本实施例通过金属刀具刻槽工艺或模具压膜工艺在激光转印膜504上设置多个沟槽505。Step S11, providing a plurality of grooves 505 of various shapes on the surface of the laser transfer film 504. Wherein, there is a certain angle between the bottom section of the groove 505 and the surface of the laser transfer film 504 (the angle is greater than zero); that is, there is an angle difference between the bottom sections of different grooves 505. Wherein, in this embodiment, a plurality of grooves 505 are provided on the laser transfer film 504 through a metal tool notching process or a mold lamination process.
步骤S12、在每个沟槽505内填充导电金属浆料。Step S12: Fill each trench 505 with conductive metal paste.
步骤S13、刮去激光转印膜504的表面的多余的导电金属浆料，从而在每个沟槽505内形成成型的第一金属导电体503。Step S13, scrape off the excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film 504, thereby forming a molded first metal conductor 503 in each groove 505.
步骤S14、通过激光加热工艺将每个沟槽505内成型的第一金属导电体503转印到电池片401的表面上，进而在电池片401上形成多个金属电极400。Step S14, the first metal conductor 503 formed in each groove 505 is transferred to the surface of the battery sheet 401 by a laser heating process, and then a plurality of metal electrodes 400 are formed on the battery sheet 401.
由于不同沟槽505的底部截面之间具有角度差，在沟槽505内所形成的成型的第一金属导电体503的顶部截面之间也具有角度差，因此，通过激光加热工艺将每个沟槽505内的第一金属导电体503转印到电池片401的表面时所形成的金属电极400的顶部截面之间也具有角度差。Since there is an angle difference between the bottom cross-sections of different trenches 505, there is also an angle difference between the top cross-sections of the first metal conductor 503 formed in the trenches 505. Therefore, each trench is heated by a laser heating process. The top section of the metal electrode 400 formed when the first metal conductor 503 in the groove 505 is transferred to the surface of the battery sheet 401 also has an angle difference.
从上可知，通过激光转印工艺在电池片401上制备金属电极400时，每个 金属电极400的形状均与对应沟槽505内成型的第一金属导电体503的形状、对应沟槽505的形状相同。It can be seen from the above that when the metal electrodes 400 are prepared on the cell 401 by the laser transfer process, the shape of each metal electrode 400 corresponds to the shape of the first metal conductor 503 formed in the groove 505 and the shape of the groove 505. Same shape.
当激光转印膜504上的多个沟槽505的深度不同时，对应形成的金属电极400的高度也不同，因此，该制备方法同时适用于不同金属电极400的高度差。因此，制备方法三同样适用于制备金属电极400，使得电池片401上的不同金属电极400之间形成高度差。When the depths of the plurality of grooves 505 on the laser transfer film 504 are different, the correspondingly formed metal electrodes 400 have different heights. Therefore, the preparation method is also applicable to the height differences of different metal electrodes 400. Therefore, the third preparation method is also suitable for preparing the metal electrode 400, so that the height difference between the different metal electrodes 400 on the battery sheet 401 is formed.
与制备方法一或制备方法二同理，本发明也可以通过多次套版印刷的方式实现不同金属电极400的顶部截面的角度差。Similar to the preparation method 1 or the preparation method 2, the present invention can also realize the angle difference of the top cross section of different metal electrodes 400 through multiple register printing.
与制备方法三同理，本实施例还提供了另外一种制备方法，如图8-13所示，通过电极载体膜602不仅可以实现不同金属电极400的高度差，还可以实现不同金属电极400的顶部截面的角度差。制备方法四包括以下：Similar to the three preparation methods, this embodiment also provides another preparation method. As shown in FIGS. 8-13, the electrode carrier film 602 can not only realize the height difference of different metal electrodes 400, but also realize different metal electrodes 400. The angle difference of the top section. Preparation method four includes the following:
步骤S21、在电极载体膜602上制造出各种形状的沟槽505。同理，与激光转印工艺类似，可通过金属刀具刻槽工艺或模具压膜工艺在电极载体膜602上进行刻出各种形状的沟槽505。其中，沟槽505的形状包括沟槽505的深度、沟槽505的底部截面与电极载体膜602表面的角度、沟槽505的尺寸大小。Step S21, forming grooves 505 of various shapes on the electrode carrier film 602. In the same way, similar to the laser transfer process, grooves 505 of various shapes can be carved on the electrode carrier film 602 through a metal tool groove process or a mold pressing process. The shape of the trench 505 includes the depth of the trench 505, the angle between the bottom section of the trench 505 and the surface of the electrode carrier film 602, and the size of the trench 505.
步骤S22、在每个沟槽505内填充导电金属浆料并形成对应的金属电极400。Step S22: Fill each trench 505 with a conductive metal paste and form a corresponding metal electrode 400.
步骤S23、将每个金属电极400粘贴于电池片401上，形成太阳能电池。Step S23: Paste each metal electrode 400 on the battery sheet 401 to form a solar cell.
优选地，本实施例将金属电极400通过金属导电粘合剂406与电池片401表面上的导电物质结合，使得金属电极400固定于电池片401的表面上，形成太阳能电池。Preferably, in this embodiment, the metal electrode 400 is combined with the conductive material on the surface of the cell 401 through the metal conductive adhesive 406, so that the metal electrode 400 is fixed on the surface of the cell 401 to form a solar cell.
其中，金属导电粘合剂406为导电金属浆料或导电胶带。电池片401表面的导电物质可以是导电薄膜或导电金属浆料等。其中，导电金属浆料为金属银浆料、金属铜浆料、金属铝浆料以及其他金属浆料的一种或多种的组合。由于 金属电极400的用料类型的扩展，因此对于制备过程中所用到的导电金属浆料也可以相应扩展。Wherein, the metal conductive adhesive 406 is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape. The conductive material on the surface of the cell 401 may be a conductive film or a conductive metal paste. Wherein, the conductive metal paste is one or more combinations of metal silver paste, metal copper paste, metal aluminum paste, and other metal pastes. Due to the expansion of the material types of the metal electrode 400, the conductive metal paste used in the preparation process can also be expanded accordingly.
进一步地，根据在电极载体膜602的沟槽505内填充导电金属浆料的工艺不同，步骤S22还包括以下两种方案实现：Further, according to the process of filling the conductive metal paste in the trench 505 of the electrode carrier film 602, step S22 also includes the following two solutions:
方案一：如图9-10，步骤S22包括：Solution 1: As shown in Figure 9-10, step S22 includes:
步骤S31、通过印刷工艺在每个沟槽505内印刷填充导电金属浆料，并当所有的沟槽505填充完毕后，通过刮刀将电极载体膜602表面残留的多余导电金属浆料去除，进而在每个沟槽505内形成第二金属导电体600。In step S31, the conductive metal paste is printed and filled in each trench 505 through a printing process, and after all trenches 505 are filled, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film 602 is removed by a squeegee, and then the A second metal conductor 600 is formed in each trench 505.
步骤S32、通过电镀工艺在每个第二金属导电体600上电镀导电金属浆料，使得每个第二金属导电体600向电极载体膜602外的区域延伸，进而形成突出的金属电极400。Step S32, electroplating a conductive metal paste on each second metal conductor 600 through an electroplating process, so that each second metal conductor 600 extends to an area outside the electrode carrier film 602, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode 400.
方案二：如图12-13所示，步骤S22包括：Solution 2: As shown in Figure 12-13, step S22 includes:
步骤S41、通过溅射工艺在每个沟槽505内沉积导电金属浆料，并在沟槽505内形成导电金属膜层700，并当所有的沟槽505沉积完毕后，通过打磨将电极载体膜602表面的多余的导电金属浆料去除。Step S41, deposit a conductive metal paste in each trench 505 through a sputtering process, and form a conductive metal film layer 700 in the trench 505, and when all trenches 505 are deposited, the electrode carrier film is polished The excess conductive metal paste on the surface of 602 is removed.
步骤S42、通过电镀工艺在每个沟槽505内的导电金属膜层700上沉积导电金属浆料，从而使得导电金属膜层700向电极载体膜602外的区域延伸，进而形成突出的金属电极400。Step S42, depositing a conductive metal paste on the conductive metal film layer 700 in each trench 505 through an electroplating process, so that the conductive metal film layer 700 extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film 602, thereby forming a protruding metal electrode 400 .
优选地，一个或多个金属电极400的顶部的表面上还设有上色层。通过对不同金属电极400的顶部的表面涂覆相应的上色层，使得不同金属电极400的顶部的表面具有不同颜色，实现电池片401的美观功能。Preferably, the top surface of the one or more metal electrodes 400 is further provided with a coloring layer. By coating the surfaces of the tops of different metal electrodes 400 with corresponding colored layers, the surfaces of the tops of different metal electrodes 400 have different colors, and the aesthetic function of the battery sheet 401 is realized.
如图7所示，对第一金属电极402的顶部的表面上色，形成第一上色层404。对第二金属电极403的顶部的表面上色，形成第二上色层405。第一上色层405 与第二上色层404的颜色可以相同也可以不同。其中，对于金属电极400的顶部的表面的上色方法采用拓印技术实现。拓印技术优选为西安碑林的碑文的拓印技术。As shown in FIG. 7, the top surface of the first metal electrode 402 is colored to form a first colored layer 404. The top surface of the second metal electrode 403 is colored to form a second colored layer 405. The colors of the first colored layer 405 and the second colored layer 404 may be the same or different. Wherein, the method for coloring the surface of the top of the metal electrode 400 is realized by the rubbing technology. The rubbing technique is preferably the rubbing technique of the inscriptions in the Xi'an Forest of Steles.
本发明通过对电池片401上沉积多个金属电极400形成金属导电图形；并通过设置多个金属电极400的形状，使得金属导电图形在光的照射下呈现出不同纹理的图案，实现电池片401的美观功能，解决了现有技术中需要增加遮挡物或增加美化膜层使得太阳能电池以及太阳能电池组件具有装饰性美观时导致太阳能电池的光电转换效率的下降、增加电池的封装成本、封装难度等问题。The present invention forms a metal conductive pattern by depositing a plurality of metal electrodes 400 on the battery sheet 401; and by arranging the shape of the plurality of metal electrodes 400, the metal conductive pattern exhibits patterns with different textures under the irradiation of light, thereby realizing the battery sheet 401 The aesthetic function of the solar cell solves the need to increase the cover or add a beautifying film layer in the prior art to make the solar cell and solar cell module decorative and beautiful, which causes the decline in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, increases the packaging cost of the cell, and the difficulty of packaging, etc. problem.
同时，由于本发明中的金属电极400不仅仅只有导电功能，每个金属电极400均具有典型意义，同时本发明不对金属电极400的浆料用量作限制，因而使得金属电极400的浆料不仅局限于现有技术采用的金属银浆料，也可以为其他导电性能较差的贱金属，降低了对金属电极400的材料的导电性要求，为降低金属电极400的成本提供了可能。At the same time, since the metal electrode 400 in the present invention not only has a conductive function, each metal electrode 400 has a typical meaning, and the present invention does not limit the amount of slurry of the metal electrode 400, so that the slurry of the metal electrode 400 is not only limited The metal silver paste used in the prior art can also be other base metals with poor electrical conductivity, which reduces the electrical conductivity requirements for the material of the metal electrode 400 and provides the possibility to reduce the cost of the metal electrode 400.
另外，本发明通过采用其他导电性能较差的金属铜、金属铝等来制作金属电极400时，可大幅度降低太阳能电池的串联电阻，提升低幅度的发电性能；同时，由于增加了金属电极400的浆料用量，大大提高了太阳能电池的发电能力，也有利于提升太阳能电池的散热性能。In addition, when the present invention uses other metal copper, metal aluminum, etc. with poor conductivity to make the metal electrode 400, the series resistance of the solar cell can be greatly reduced, and the low-amplitude power generation performance can be improved; at the same time, due to the addition of the metal electrode 400 The amount of slurry greatly improves the power generation capacity of the solar cell and also helps to improve the heat dissipation performance of the solar cell.
优选地，本发明所提供的电池可针对以下电池中的任意中一种类型的电池：异质结电池、黑硅电池、PERC(Passivated Emitterand Rear Cell，发射极及背面钝化电池)电池、TOPCON(Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact，钝化接触电池)电池以及以上电池与其他薄膜电池组成的叠层电池等，以上电池均可采用本发明提供的具有装饰性太阳能电池的结构以及制备方法来实现太阳能电池的美化。其中，薄膜电池优选为钙钛矿薄膜电池、硫化物薄膜电池等。Preferably, the battery provided by the present invention can be aimed at any one of the following types of batteries: heterojunction battery, black silicon battery, PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, emitter and back passivated battery) battery, TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact, passivated contact battery) battery and the above battery and other thin film battery composed of laminated battery, the above battery can adopt the structure of the decorative solar cell provided by the present invention and the preparation method to achieve the solar cell beautify. Among them, the thin film battery is preferably a perovskite thin film battery, a sulfide thin film battery, and the like.
实施例二Example two
基于实施例一提供的一种太阳能电池，本发明还提供了另外一实施例，一种太阳能电池组件，如图14-17所示，包括前盖板201、第一粘合层203、太阳能电池、第二粘合层207和后盖板208。Based on the solar cell provided in the first embodiment, the present invention also provides another embodiment, a solar cell module, as shown in FIGS. 14-17, including a front cover 201, a first adhesive layer 203, and a solar cell , The second adhesive layer 207 and the back cover 208.
其中，太阳能电池设于第一粘合层203与第二粘合层207之间，前盖板201设于第一粘合层203的上方，后盖板208设于第二粘合层207的下方。Among them, the solar cell is arranged between the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207, the front cover 201 is arranged above the first adhesive layer 203, and the rear cover 208 is arranged on the second adhesive layer 207. Below.
优选地，第一粘合层203、第二粘合层207由EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)、POE(Polyolefin elastomer，聚烯烃弹性体)或PVB(polyvinyl butyral，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)材料组成，其在电池组件封装的过程中，可将不同的部件粘合在一起。Preferably, the first adhesive layer 203 and the second adhesive layer 207 are made of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (Polyolefin elastomer) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral). Vinyl butyral) material composition, which can bond different parts together in the process of battery assembly packaging.
优选地，前盖板201、后盖板208均为玻璃盖板。Preferably, the front cover 201 and the rear cover 208 are both glass cover plates.
优选地，太阳能电池为实施例一提供的具有装饰性的太阳能电池。从图1、图14中可知，现有技术中为了增加太阳能电池组件具有一定的美观性，通过上玻璃盖板101与第一封装层103之间增加装饰性美化膜层102。Preferably, the solar cell is the decorative solar cell provided in the first embodiment. It can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 14 that in the prior art, in order to increase the aesthetics of the solar cell module, a decorative and beautifying film layer 102 is added between the upper glass cover 101 and the first encapsulation layer 103.
本发明中的太阳能电池组件中采用的太阳能电池为本实施例所提供的具有装饰性的太阳能电池，因此，本发明提供的太阳能电池组件不需要在前盖板201与第一粘合层203之间增加装饰性美化膜层102，而是通过由多个金属电极所形成金属导电图形呈现出具有不同纹理、具有装饰性的图案，实现太阳能电池的美观功能，大大降低了太阳能电池组件的封装成本以及封装难度。The solar cell used in the solar cell module of the present invention is the decorative solar cell provided in this embodiment. Therefore, the solar cell module provided by the present invention does not need to be between the front cover 201 and the first adhesive layer 203. The decorative beautification film 102 is added in between, but the metal conductive pattern formed by a plurality of metal electrodes presents a pattern with different textures and decorations, which realizes the beautiful function of the solar cell and greatly reduces the packaging cost of the solar cell module And the difficulty of packaging.
优选地，太阳能电池有多个，并且相邻太阳能电池之间电性连接。太阳能电池的数量为2n个。其中，n为大于或等于1的自然数。Preferably, there are multiple solar cells, and adjacent solar cells are electrically connected. The number of solar cells is 2n. Among them, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
本实施例以两个太阳能电池来具体说明太阳能电池之间的连接方式，具体为，假设太阳能电池有两个，分别设为第一太阳能电池204、第二太阳能电池 206，并且第一太阳能电池204与第二太阳能电池206电性连接。This embodiment uses two solar cells to specifically describe the connection between the solar cells. Specifically, suppose there are two solar cells, which are set as the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206, and the first solar cell 204 It is electrically connected to the second solar cell 206.
如图14-15所示：第一太阳能电池204与第二太阳能电池206通过对应太阳能电池上的金属电极之间的涂锡焊带205串联在一起。As shown in Figs. 14-15, the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 are connected in series by a tin-coated solder tape 205 between the metal electrodes on the corresponding solar cell.
也即是说，相邻太阳能电池之间通过对应太阳能电池上的金属电极之间的涂锡焊带205串联在一起，从而使得多个太阳能电池串联连接，然后再通过第一粘合层203、第二粘合层207将多个太阳能电池粘合在一起，最后封装前盖板201和后盖板208，形成太阳能电池组件。In other words, the adjacent solar cells are connected in series through the tin-coated soldering tape 205 between the metal electrodes on the corresponding solar cells, so that multiple solar cells are connected in series, and then pass through the first adhesive layer 203, The second adhesive layer 207 bonds a plurality of solar cells together, and finally encapsulates the front cover 201 and the rear cover 208 to form a solar cell module.
优选地，金属电极之间的涂锡焊带205呈Z字形，使得相邻太阳能电池上的金属电极串联在一起。Preferably, the tin-coated solder tape 205 between the metal electrodes is in a zigzag shape, so that the metal electrodes on adjacent solar cells are connected in series.
其二，如图16-17所示：第一太阳能电池204、第二太阳能电池206均被划分为多个电池片切片300。Second, as shown in FIGS. 16-17: both the first solar cell 204 and the second solar cell 206 are divided into a plurality of cell slices 300.
将多个电池片切片300以叠片的方式串联在一起。也即是，将相邻电池片切片300的边缘部分以叠放的方式串联在一起，使得每个电池片切片300分为交叠部分和非交叠部分；并且相邻电池片切片300通过对应电池片切片300的交叠部分的金属电极电性连接。优选地，可通过在电池片切片300的交叠部分的金属电极上涂覆导电胶，从而使得两个电池片切片300的金属电极电性连接。A plurality of battery slices 300 are connected in series in a laminated manner. That is, the edge portions of adjacent battery slices 300 are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each battery slice 300 is divided into an overlapping part and a non-overlapping part; and the adjacent battery slices 300 pass the corresponding The metal electrodes of the overlapped portion of the cell slice 300 are electrically connected. Preferably, conductive glue can be applied to the metal electrodes of the overlapping parts of the battery slices 300, so that the metal electrodes of the two battery slices 300 are electrically connected.
优选地，本发明中电池片切片300的交叠部分的金属电极的厚度比电池片切片300的非交叠部分的金属电极的厚度薄。Preferably, the thickness of the metal electrode in the overlapping portion of the battery slice 300 in the present invention is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrode in the non-overlapping portion of the battery slice 300.
对于金属电极的厚薄可通过前述涉及到的电镀工艺、丝网印刷工艺等来完成。也即是，通过在对电池片制造过程中，对每个金属电极在电池片上的不同位置以及每个金属电极的形状等进行设计，从而在对电池片封装成太阳能电池组件后，使得太阳能电池组件具有一定的装饰性美化效果。The thickness of the metal electrode can be completed by the aforementioned electroplating process, screen printing process and so on. That is, by designing the different positions of each metal electrode on the battery and the shape of each metal electrode during the manufacturing process of the solar cell, the solar cell is encapsulated into a solar cell module. The components have a certain decorative and beautifying effect.
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的 范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。The foregoing embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention belong to the present invention. The scope of protection required.

Claims (18)

  1. 具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池包括太阳能电池片以及沉积于所述太阳能电池片上的多个金属电极；根据设置的多个金属电极的形状以及多个金属电极在所述太阳能电池片上的分布位置，使得多个金属电极对光具有不同的反射和干涉，从而使得多个金属电极形成的金属导电图形在预设距离观看时呈现具有装饰性的图案。A decorative solar cell, characterized in that, the solar cell includes a solar cell sheet and a plurality of metal electrodes deposited on the solar cell sheet; The distribution position on the solar cell makes the multiple metal electrodes have different reflections and interferences to light, so that the metal conductive pattern formed by the multiple metal electrodes presents a decorative pattern when viewed from a preset distance.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其特征在于，金属电极的形状包括金属电极的高度、宽度、长度、顶部截面与太阳能电池片表面的角度。The decorative solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the metal electrode includes the height, width, length, and angle of the top cross section of the metal electrode and the surface of the solar cell sheet.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其特征在于，多个金属电极之间的高度差的范围为60nm～150nm。The decorative solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes ranges from 60 nm to 150 nm.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其特征在于，一个或多个金属电极的顶部的表面上设有颜色涂层。The decorative solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the top surface of the one or more metal electrodes is provided with a color coating.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池包括以下电池中的任意一种：异质结电池、黑硅电池、PERC电池、TOPCON电池以及以上电池与其他薄膜电池组成的叠层电池。The decorative solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell includes any one of the following cells: heterojunction cells, black silicon cells, PERC cells, TOPCON cells, and the above cells and other thin films Laminated battery composed of batteries.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述金属电极为以下金属中的任意一种或多种组成：金属银、金属铜和金属铝。The decorative solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the metal electrode is composed of any one or more of the following metals: metallic silver, metallic copper, and metallic aluminum.
  7. 一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：A method for manufacturing a decorative solar cell according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the manufacturing method comprises:
    在对太阳能电池片的丝网印刷过程中，通过套版印刷的方式对不同金属电极进行对应次数的印刷，使得所述太阳能电池片上的所述多个金属电极之间具 有高度差；In the screen printing process of the solar cell, different metal electrodes are printed for corresponding times by register printing, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell;
    或者，在对太阳能电池片的电镀过程中，通过控制电镀的电流密度进而控制不同金属电极的沉积速度，使得所述太阳能电池片上的所述多个金属电极之间具有高度差；Or, during the electroplating process of the solar cell, by controlling the current density of electroplating to control the deposition speed of different metal electrodes, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell;
    或者，对太阳能电池片的电镀过程中，通过套版电镀的方式对不同金属电极进行对应次数的电镀，使得所述太阳能电池片上的所述多个金属电极之间具有高度差。Alternatively, during the electroplating process of the solar cell, the different metal electrodes are electroplated for the corresponding number of times by means of register plating, so that there is a height difference between the plurality of metal electrodes on the solar cell.
  8. 一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：A method for manufacturing a decorative solar cell according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the manufacturing method comprises:
    步骤S11：在激光转印膜上形成各种形状的多个沟槽；Step S11: forming multiple grooves of various shapes on the laser transfer film;
    步骤S12：在每个沟槽内填充导电金属浆料形成对应金属电极，并刮去激光转印膜表面多余的导电金属浆料；Step S12: Fill each groove with conductive metal paste to form a corresponding metal electrode, and scrape off the excess conductive metal paste on the surface of the laser transfer film;
    步骤S13：通过激光加热工艺将每个沟槽内的金属电极转印到所述太阳能电池片的表面上。Step S13: Transfer the metal electrode in each groove to the surface of the solar cell sheet through a laser heating process.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S12包括：首先通过印刷工艺在每个沟槽内印刷填充导电金属浆料，并当所有的沟槽填充完毕后通过刮刀将所述电极载体膜表面残留的多余导电金属浆料去除，进而在每个沟槽内形成导电体；然后通过电镀工艺对每个导电体进行电镀导电金属浆料使得每个导电体向所述电极载体膜外的区域延伸形成对应金属电极。The method for manufacturing a decorative solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the step S12 comprises: firstly, the conductive metal paste is printed and filled in each trench by a printing process, and when all the trenches are filled After the process is completed, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a squeegee, and then a conductor is formed in each groove; then each conductor is electroplated with the conductive metal paste to make each conductive The body extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电金属浆料包括以下浆料的一种或多种的组合：金属银浆料、金属 铜浆料以及金属铝浆料。The method for preparing a decorative solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the conductive metal paste comprises one or a combination of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste and metal Aluminum paste.
  11. 一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：A method for manufacturing a decorative solar cell according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the manufacturing method comprises:
    步骤S21：在电极载体膜上设置形成各种形状的多个沟槽；Step S21: forming a plurality of grooves of various shapes on the electrode carrier film;
    步骤S22：在每个沟槽内填充导电金属材料形成对应金属电极；Step S22: Fill each trench with a conductive metal material to form a corresponding metal electrode;
    步骤S23：将每个金属电极粘贴于所述太阳能电池片的表面上，使得每个金属电极与太阳能电池片电性连接，进而使得电极载体膜位于所述太阳能电池片上。Step S23: Paste each metal electrode on the surface of the solar cell sheet, so that each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell sheet, so that the electrode carrier film is located on the solar cell sheet.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S22包括：通过印刷工艺在每个沟槽内印刷填充导电金属浆料，并当所有的沟槽填充完毕后，通过刮刀将电极载体膜表面残留的多余导电金属浆料去除，进而在每个沟槽内形成导电体；然后通过电镀工艺在每个导电体上电镀导电金属浆料，使得每个导电体向电极载体膜外的区域延伸，进而形成突出的金属电极；The method for manufacturing a decorative solar cell according to claim 11, wherein the step S22 comprises: printing and filling conductive metal paste in each trench by a printing process, and when all trenches are filled Afterwards, the excess conductive metal paste remaining on the surface of the electrode carrier film is removed by a squeegee, and then a conductor is formed in each trench; then the conductive metal paste is electroplated on each conductor through an electroplating process, so that each conductor Extend to the area outside the electrode carrier film to form a protruding metal electrode;
    或者，所述步骤S22包括：首先通过溅射工艺在每个沟槽内沉积导电金属膜层，并当所有的沟槽沉积完成后通过打磨工艺去除所述电极载体膜表面的导电金属膜层；然后通过电镀工艺在每个导电金属膜层上沉积导电金属浆料使得每个导电金属膜层向所述电极载体膜外的区域延伸形成对应金属电极。Alternatively, the step S22 includes: first depositing a conductive metal film layer in each trench through a sputtering process, and removing the conductive metal film layer on the surface of the electrode carrier film through a polishing process when all trenches are deposited; Then, a conductive metal paste is deposited on each conductive metal film layer through an electroplating process so that each conductive metal film layer extends to the area outside the electrode carrier film to form a corresponding metal electrode.
  13. 根据权利要求11所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S23包括：将每个金属电极通过金属导电粘合剂与所述太阳能电池片表面上的导电物质结合，使得每个金属电极与太阳能电池片电性连接；其中，所述金属导电粘合剂为导电金属浆料或导电胶带；所述太阳能电池片表面 上的导电物质为导电薄膜或导电金属浆料。The method for manufacturing a decorative solar cell according to claim 11, wherein the step S23 comprises: combining each metal electrode with a conductive material on the surface of the solar cell through a metal conductive adhesive, Each metal electrode is electrically connected to the solar cell; wherein the metal conductive adhesive is a conductive metal paste or a conductive tape; the conductive material on the surface of the solar cell is a conductive film or a conductive metal paste.
  14. 根据权利要求11所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电金属浆料包括以下浆料的一种或多种的组合：金属银浆料、金属铜浆料以及金属铝浆料。The method for preparing a decorative solar cell according to claim 11, wherein the conductive metal paste comprises one or a combination of the following pastes: metal silver paste, metal copper paste, and metal Aluminum paste.
  15. 具有装饰性的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池组件包括前盖板、第一粘合层、多个太阳能电池、第二粘合层和后盖板；其中，太阳能电池设于第一粘合层与第二粘合层之间；前盖板设于第一粘合层上，后盖板设于第二粘合层的下方；每个太阳能电池为如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的具有装饰性的太阳能电池。A decorative solar cell module, characterized in that the solar cell module includes a front cover, a first adhesive layer, a plurality of solar cells, a second adhesive layer and a back cover; wherein the solar cells are arranged on the first cover. Between an adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer; the front cover plate is arranged on the first adhesive layer, and the rear cover plate is arranged below the second adhesive layer; each solar cell is as claimed in claims 1-6 Any one of the decorative solar cells.
  16. 根据权利要求15所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，相邻太阳能电池通过对应太阳能电池的金属电极之间的涂锡焊带串联连接。The decorative solar cell module according to claim 15, wherein the adjacent solar cells are connected in series by tin-coated solder tape between the metal electrodes of the corresponding solar cells.
  17. 根据权利要求15所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，每个太阳能电池包括多个电池片切片，并且相邻电池片切片的边缘部分以叠放的方式串联在一起，使得每个电池片切片分为交叠部分和非交叠部分；相邻电池片切片通过对应电池片切片的交叠部分的金属电极串联连接。The decorative solar cell module according to claim 15, wherein each solar cell includes a plurality of cell slices, and the edge portions of adjacent cell slices are connected in series in a stacked manner, so that each The cell slices are divided into overlapping parts and non-overlapping parts; adjacent cell slices are connected in series by metal electrodes corresponding to the overlapping parts of the cell slices.
  18. 根据权利要求17所述具有装饰性的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，电池片切片的交叠部分的金属电极的厚度比电池片切片的非交叠部分的金属电极的厚度薄。The decorative solar cell module according to claim 17, wherein the thickness of the metal electrode in the overlapping part of the cell slice is thinner than the thickness of the metal electrode in the non-overlapping part of the cell slice.
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