CN115132861A - Solar cell grid line structure and manufacturing method thereof, and solar cell - Google Patents
Solar cell grid line structure and manufacturing method thereof, and solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115132861A CN115132861A CN202210854787.2A CN202210854787A CN115132861A CN 115132861 A CN115132861 A CN 115132861A CN 202210854787 A CN202210854787 A CN 202210854787A CN 115132861 A CN115132861 A CN 115132861A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 17
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- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a solar cell, and relates to the field of photovoltaics, wherein the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure comprises the following steps: providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite; preparing a first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment; preparing a second grid line on the second surface; wherein, utilizing same equipment to prepare first grid line on first face includes: performing laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate; filling slurry into the groove according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate; transferring the slurry to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by using laser; the position relation between the adjacent light spots of the laser is tangent, separated or intersected, and when the adjacent light spots are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots is 0.5-50 mu m. The manufacturing process of the solar cell grid line structure is simplified, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a solar cell.
Background
With the optimization of national energy structure, new energy industry is more and more concerned by the market, especially photovoltaic industry, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell needs to be improved as soon as possible, and the cost is reduced, so as to realize the further utilization of solar energy.
The grid lines of the solar cell are used for collecting carriers in the cell and transmitting the carriers to the outside of the cell. The design structure of the grid line can directly influence the series resistance, and further influences the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof, and a solar cell, which are used for simplifying a manufacturing process of the solar cell grid line structure and reducing production cost.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure, including:
providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite;
preparing a first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment;
preparing a second grid line on the second surface;
wherein, utilizing same equipment to prepare first grid line on first face includes:
performing laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate;
filling slurry into the groove according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate;
transferring the slurry to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by using laser;
the position relation between the adjacent light spots of the laser is tangent, separated or intersected, and when the adjacent light spots are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots is 0.5-50 mu m.
Optionally, wherein:
after the step of providing a solar cell substrate and before the step of preparing the first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment, the method for manufacturing the solar cell grid line structure further comprises the following steps:
printing an electrode on the first surface of the solar cell substrate and drying for the first time, wherein the temperature range of the first drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the first drying is 20-200 s.
Optionally, wherein:
and in laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate, the width range of a laser spot is 5-50 mu m.
Optionally, wherein:
after transferring the paste to the surface of the first side of the solar cell using the laser, preparing a first grid line on the first side using the same apparatus further comprises:
and drying the slurry on the surface of the first surface for the second time. The temperature range of the second drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the second drying is 20-200 s.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a solar cell grid line structure, which is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure described in the first aspect, wherein the solar cell substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the solar cell grid line structure includes a first grid line located on the first surface and a second grid line located on the second surface.
Optionally, wherein:
the first grid line comprises at least one main grid line and a plurality of thin grid lines, and the main grid line comprises at least one first area; in the first area, at least five thin grid lines penetrate through the main grid line, the solar cell grid line structure further comprises a plurality of anti-breaking grid lines, and each anti-breaking grid line is connected with two adjacent thin grid lines.
Optionally, wherein:
when the main grid line comprises at least two first areas, the distance between two adjacent first areas ranges from 13mm to 15 mm.
Optionally, wherein:
the thin grid lines form a geometric pattern or a special-shaped pattern;
in the first region, each thin gate line penetrates through the main gate line along the extending direction of the corresponding thin gate line.
Optionally, wherein:
in the first region, each thin gate line penetrating through the main gate line is perpendicular to the main gate line.
Optionally, wherein:
each thin grid line is perpendicular to the main grid line.
In a third aspect, the present application also provides a solar cell, including the solar cell grid line structure described in the second aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell provided by the application at least realize the following beneficial effects:
in the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell, when the grid line structure is formed on the solar cell substrate, and the solar cell substrate is provided with the first surface and the second surface which are opposite, the first grid line can be prepared on the first surface of the solar cell substrate by using the same equipment, so that the process flow of manufacturing the solar cell grid line is simplified. Specifically, a groove can be formed on the first surface by using laser according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate, the grid line pattern is scribed on the first surface, then the grid line pattern scribing groove formed on the first surface is filled with slurry according to the grid line carrier plate, then laser equipment is used again, the slurry in the groove is transferred to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using a laser transfer printing technology, and then a first grid line is formed on the surface of the first surface of the solar cell. Compared with the screen printing technology adopted in the prior art, the grid line is prepared on the surface of the solar cell by utilizing the laser transfer printing technology, so that the steps of etching and grooving the solar cell and transferring the slurry can be carried out on the same equipment in sequence, the process flow of preparing the grid line of the solar cell is simplified, and meanwhile, compared with the screen printing technology, the laser transfer printing technology selected by the application can reduce the consumption of the slurry, reduce the cost of manufacturing the grid line and further reduce the production cost of the solar cell. In addition, when the laser is used for grooving or slurry filling, the position relation between adjacent laser spots can be tangent, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relation between the adjacent laser spots is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent laser spots can be 0.5-50 μm, so that the formed grid line is ensured to have good contact, and the damage to the solar cell substrate is reduced; if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too small, the solar cell substrate is damaged by the laser greatly, and if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too large, the formed grid line is poor in contact with the solar cell substrate, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is influenced.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Further features of the present application and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a gate line structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship of laser spots provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a laser transfer process according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a gate line structure in the prior art;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a grid line structure of a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell grid line structure at a position of a main grid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a box diagram showing tensile force characterization before and after aging of a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be discussed further in subsequent figures.
With the optimization of national energy structure, new energy industry is more and more concerned by the market, especially photovoltaic industry, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell needs to be improved as soon as possible, and the cost is reduced, so as to realize the further utilization of solar energy.
The grid lines of the solar cell are used for collecting carriers in the cell and transmitting the carriers to the outside of the cell. The design structure of the grid line can directly influence the series resistance, and further influences the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.
The method comprises the steps of printing a back electrode and a back grid line, printing a main grid and a fine grid on the front side, drying after each printing is finished, and sintering the printed solar cell to obtain a finished product of the solar cell. The screen printing process is complex to operate, and the consumption of the paste is large during printing, so that the production cost of the solar cell is high.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a solar cell, and the solar cell grid line structure is used for simplifying the manufacturing process of the solar cell grid line structure and reducing the production cost.
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a grid line structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship of laser spots provided in an embodiment of the present application; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a laser transfer process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, a method for manufacturing a gate line structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
s10, providing a solar cell substrate having a first side and a second side opposite to each other.
It can be understood that the first surface of the solar cell substrate provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a light-facing surface of a solar cell, in which case the second surface is a backlight surface of the solar cell, and the first surface may also be a backlight surface of the solar cell, in which case the second surface is a light-facing surface of the solar cell. The first surface is taken as a backlight surface of the solar cell and will be described in detail below.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
after the step of providing a solar cell substrate and before the step of preparing the first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment, the method for manufacturing the solar cell grid line structure may further include:
providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite;
and printing an electrode on the first surface of the solar cell substrate and drying for the first time. The temperature range of the first drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the first drying is 20-200 s.
Based on this, referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, when the grid lines are manufactured, the grid lines on the backlight surface may be manufactured first, and then the grid lines on the light-facing surface may be manufactured, that is, when the first surface of the solar cell is the backlight surface of the solar cell, the first grid lines on the first surface of the solar cell may be manufactured first, and then the second grid lines on the second surface may be manufactured. Before the first grid line of the solar cell is manufactured, the electrode on the backlight surface can be manufactured firstly to form good ohmic contact with the backlight surface of the solar cell, and good weldability is provided, so that the solar cell and the solder strip can be conveniently welded, and the transmission of current carriers to the outside of the cell is facilitated. When the electrode on the first surface is manufactured, the electrode paste can be printed on the first surface of the solar cell by utilizing the template of the electrode pattern through a screen printing process, and the printed electrode paste needs to be dried for the first time so as to dry the printed electrode and prevent the electrode on the first surface from being damaged in the subsequent steps.
Meanwhile, the temperature range during the first drying is limited to 50-300 ℃, the time range is limited to 20-200 s, if the temperature during the drying is too low or the time is too short, the printed electrode slurry cannot be completely dried and cured, and the electrode can be damaged in the subsequent printing and overturning processes; if the temperature during drying is too high or the drying time is too long, the adhesion between the electrode and the solar cell substrate is affected, so that the electrode is easily peeled off or falls off, and the quality of the solar cell is affected.
For example, the drying temperature of the first drying may be 50 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃ and the like, and the drying time of the first drying may be 20s, 50s, 100s, 150s, 200s and the like, which are only examples and are not particularly limited.
In some examples, the material forming the electrode on the first surface may be silver, the electrode paste is silver paste at this time, and the apparatus for performing the first drying may be an oven, which is only an example and is not particularly limited herein.
S20, a first gate line is fabricated on the first side using the same apparatus.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the preparing the first gate line on the first surface using the same apparatus includes:
performing laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate 20;
filling slurry into the grooves according to the pattern of the gate line carrier plate 20;
transferring the slurry to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by using a laser 10;
the position relation between the adjacent light spots 101 of the laser 10 is tangent, separated or intersected, and when the adjacent light spots 101 are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots 101 is 0.5-50 μm.
Based on this, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, when the first gate line is fabricated on the first surface of the solar cell, the same device may be used for etching, grooving and slurry filling, specifically, the laser device may be used for performing laser grooving on the first surface of the solar cell according to the pattern of the gate line carrier plate 20, so as to scribe the gate line pattern on the surface of the solar cell, thereby providing accurate positioning for the gate line formed later; filling slurry into the grid line scribing groove on the first surface according to the grid line carrier plate 20 to form a grid line material; and then, transferring the slurry in the scribing groove on the first surface to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using laser equipment again and utilizing a laser transfer printing technology, and further forming a first grid line on the first surface of the solar cell. Compared with the screen printing technology adopted in the prior art, the embodiment of the application selects the laser transfer printing technology to print the slurry on the surface of the solar cell, and the equipment is the same as the equipment used for slotting on the surface of the solar cell, so that the slotting step and the printing step can be performed on the same equipment in sequence when the grid line is manufactured, the process flow of manufacturing the grid line is simplified, the formed grid line can have better height-width ratio and quality through the laser transfer printing technology, and the efficiency of the solar cell is further improved; in addition, the consumption of the slurry can be reduced by utilizing a laser transfer printing technology, and the production cost of the solar cell is further reduced.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, when the laser 10 is used for grooving or slurry filling, the position relationship between the adjacent spots 101 of the used laser 10 may be tangent, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relationship between the adjacent spots 101 of the used laser 10 is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent spots 101 may be 0.5 μm to 50 μm, so as to ensure that the formed grid line has good contact and reduce damage to the solar cell substrate 30. The distance between adjacent spots 101 herein refers to the distance between the edges of adjacent spots 101 in the direction extending along the line connecting the centers of the spots 101. If the distance between the adjacent light spots 101 is too small, the number of the light spots 101 formed on the surface of the solar cell by the laser equipment is too large, and the opening rate of the laser 10 is too large, so that the damage of the laser 10 to the solar cell substrate 30 is large, and further the mechanical load capacity of the solar cell is small; if the distance between the adjacent light spots 101 is too large, the area of ohmic contact between the formed grid line and the solar cell substrate is reduced, so that the series resistance is increased, and the efficiency of the solar cell is further influenced.
Illustratively, when adjacent light spots are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots may be 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, and the like, which are only given as examples and are not particularly limited.
In some examples, in the laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate, the spot width of the laser is in a range of 5 μm to 50 μm. Based on this, the width range of the light spot of the laser is between 5 μm and 50 μm, and in the process steps of grid line pattern design, slurry filling, subsequent sintering and the like, the width range of the light spot is more matched with the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure provided by the embodiment of the application. It will be appreciated that the spot width of the laser is the diameter of the laser spot.
Illustratively, the width of the laser spot may be 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, and the like, which is only exemplary and not particularly limited.
In some examples, after transferring the paste to the surface of the first side of the solar cell with the laser, preparing the first grid line on the first side with the same apparatus further comprises:
and drying the slurry on the surface of the first surface for the second time. The temperature range of the second drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the second drying is 20-200 s.
Based on this, after the slurry is transferred to the first surface of the solar cell by using the laser transfer printing technology, the slurry on the surface of the first surface can be dried for the second time, so that the slurry on the surface of the first surface can be cured and molded, and the grid line of the second surface is prevented from being damaged in the subsequent manufacturing process or the overturning process of the solar cell. The thin grid lines included in the dried first grid lines can collect carriers transmitted to the surface of the solar cell and transmit the carriers to the main grid, and ohmic contact can be formed between the thin grid lines and the surface of the first surface of the solar cell, so that series resistance is reduced, and efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
Meanwhile, the temperature range during the second drying is limited to 50-300 ℃, the time range is limited to 20-200 s, if the temperature during the drying is too low or the time is too short, the transferred paste cannot be completely dried and cured, and the first grid line can be damaged in the subsequent printing and overturning processes; if the temperature during drying is too high or the drying time is too long, ohmic contact between the first grid line and the first surface of the solar cell is affected, and the efficiency of the solar cell is further affected.
For example, the drying temperature of the second drying may be 50 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃ and the like, and the drying time of the second drying may be 20s, 50s, 100s, 150s, 200s and the like, which are only examples and are not particularly limited.
For example, the material forming the first grid line on the first surface may be aluminum, the paste at this time is aluminum paste, and the apparatus for performing the second drying may be an oven, which is only used as an example and is not limited in particular.
And S30, preparing a second grid line on the second surface.
Based on this, when the first surface of the solar cell is the backlight surface and the second surface is the surface facing the light, since the second surface of the solar cell is to perform photoelectric conversion, which directly relates to the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, the shading area can be reduced by changing the design of the second grid line on the second surface, the area of the second surface of the solar cell which can be irradiated by sunlight is increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is further increased. When the second grid line on the second surface is prepared, the laser transfer printing technology can be adopted as the first grid line, and the conventional screen printing process can also be adopted. When the second grid line is prepared by adopting a screen printing process, the main grid in the second grid line can be prepared firstly, then the fine grid is prepared, drying and shaping are carried out after printing is finished each time, and finally, a sintering step is carried out, so that the grid line structure of the solar cell is manufactured.
For example, the material of the second grid line may be silver, and the device used when performing the drying operation after each printing operation may be an oven, which is only an example and is not particularly limited herein.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a gate line structure in the prior art; fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a grid line structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a grid line structure of a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application at a position of a main grid; fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 6.
Based on the same inventive concept, please refer to fig. 5, the present application further provides a solar cell grid line structure, which is manufactured by the method for manufacturing the solar cell grid line structure described in the above embodiment, wherein the solar cell substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the solar cell grid line structure includes a first grid line on the first surface and a second grid line on the second surface.
Based on this, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 5, in the solar cell grid line structure manufactured by the method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure described in the above embodiment, the formed first grid line is manufactured by performing laser grooving and laser transfer printing on the same device, so that the process flow is simplified, consumption of grid line paste is reduced, and further, the production cost of the solar cell is reduced. The position relation between the adjacent light spots 101 of the laser 10 used in forming the first grid line can be tangent, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relation between the adjacent light spots 101 of the laser 10 used in forming the first grid line is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots 101 can be 0.5-50 μm, so that the formed first grid line can be ensured to have good contact, and the damage to the solar cell substrate can be reduced.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, the first gate line includes at least one main gate line 32 and a plurality of thin gate lines 31, the main gate line 32 includes at least one first region 321; in the first region 321, at least five thin gate lines 31 penetrate through the main gate line 32, and the solar cell gate line structure further includes a plurality of anti-breaking gate lines 33, where each anti-breaking gate line 33 connects two adjacent thin gate lines 31.
Based on this, as can be seen from comparing fig. 4 with fig. 5 to 7, the first gate line includes at least one main gate line 32 and a plurality of thin gate lines 31, where the thin gate lines 31 are used to collect carriers transmitted to the surface of the solar cell and transmit the carriers to the main gate lines 32, and then output externally through the main gate. In the prior art, if one side of the fine grids 42 on both sides of the main grid 41 has the problems of poor aspect ratio or damage of the fine grids 42 due to poor printing quality, the resistance of the fine grids 42 on the side is increased, and further the series resistance is increased, and the efficiency of the solar cell is reduced. In the solar cell grid line structure provided by the embodiment of the application, at least one first region 321 is arranged on the main grid line 32, at least five thin grid lines 31 are included in the first region 321 to penetrate through the main grid line 32, and the thin grid lines 31 on two sides of the main grid line 32 are electrically connected, if any thin grid line 31 on any one of two sides of the main grid line 32 has the problem of larger resistance at the thin grid position due to poor height-width ratio of the thin grid or damage and the like caused by poor printing quality, carriers can be output to the outside from the thin grid position with better printing quality or smaller resistance without damage through the thin grid lines 31 penetrating through the main grid in the first region 321, so that the current loss output by the solar cell is smaller, and the efficiency of the solar cell is improved. The solar cell grid line structure in the first region 321 further comprises a plurality of anti-breaking grid lines 33, each anti-breaking grid line 33 connects two adjacent thin grid lines 31, so that breakage of the thin grid lines 31 penetrating through the main grid lines 32 in the first region 321 can be prevented, stability is guaranteed, the thin grid lines 31 can still collect carriers to be transmitted to the main grid under the condition that the thin grid lines 31 penetrate through the main grid lines 32 in the first region 321, and the effect of improving the efficiency of the solar cell by the thin grid lines 31 penetrating through the main grid lines 32 in the first region 321 is guaranteed.
In some examples, the first surface further has an electrode thereon to form a good ohmic contact with a backlight surface of the solar cell, and provide good solderability, facilitate soldering of the solar cell to the solder strip, and facilitate transport of carriers out of the cell.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, the bus bar 32 on the first surface of the solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application may be an interrupted bus bar, and the electrode on the first surface is partially overlapped with the bus bar 32, so that the amount of the bus bar paste used may be reduced, and the production cost of the solar cell is reduced.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, when the bus bar 32 includes at least two first regions 321, a distance between two adjacent first regions 321 ranges from 13mm to 15 mm.
Based on this, referring to fig. 5 to fig. 7, when the main gate line 32 is an interrupted main gate line, the electrodes exposed at the position of the main gate line 32 are welded to the solder strip, and if the main gate line 32 includes at least two first regions 321, the distance between two adjacent first regions 321 may be in a range of 13mm to 15mm, so as to ensure good welding effect and carrier collection capability. If the distance between two adjacent first regions 321 is too small, on one hand, the height difference between the thin grid line 31 and the electrode is too large, and further, the welding effect of the electrode and the welding strip is poor; on the other hand, the distance between the thin grid line 31 and the electrode is too short, and the solder strip is in contact with the thin grid line 31 when the solder strip expands with heat and contracts with cold, so that the solar cell is subjected to phenomena such as subfissure and the like, and the quality of the solar cell is further influenced. If the distance between two adjacent first regions 321 is too large, the carrier collection capability of the solar cell is also weak.
In some examples, the plurality of thin gate lines 31 constitute a geometric pattern or a shaped pattern; in the first region 321, each thin gate line 31 penetrates the main gate line 32 along the extending direction of the corresponding thin gate line 31. Based on this, on the first surface of the solar cell, the plurality of thin gate lines 31 may form a regular geometric pattern, or may form an irregular or more complex shaped pattern, and the thin gate lines 31 penetrating through the main gates in the first regions 321 on the main gate lines 32 may penetrate through the main gate lines 32 along the respective extending directions of the thin gate lines 31 when penetrating, so that the finally formed gate line pattern of the first gate lines is more ornamental.
In some examples, referring to fig. 7, in the first region 321, each thin gate line 31 penetrating through the main gate line 32 is perpendicular to the main gate line 32. Based on this, when the plurality of thin gate lines 31 form a regular geometric pattern or an irregular or more complex shaped pattern on the first surface of the solar cell, each thin gate line 31 penetrating through the main gate line 32 in the first region 321 may be perpendicular to the main gate line 32, which not only can connect more thin gate lines 31, but also reduces the resistance at the gate line because the length of the thin gate line 31 at the penetrating position is shortest when being perpendicular to the main gate line 32, thereby reducing the series resistance and improving the efficiency of the solar cell.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, each thin gate line 31 is perpendicular to the main gate line 32. Based on this, each thin grid line 31 on the first surface of the solar cell is perpendicular to the main grid line 32, so that the consumption of grid line slurry is minimum, and the normal collection of carriers can be ensured.
In some examples, the width of the thin gate line may range from 30 μm to 200 μm, and if the thin gate line is too narrow, the gate is easily broken, and the increase of the series resistance may be caused, thereby affecting the efficiency of the solar cell; if the thin grid line is too wide, the composition of the solar cell and the metal electrode is affected, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is reduced, the shading degree on the first surface is increased, and the double-sided rate of the solar cell is reduced.
In some examples, please refer to fig. 5 to 7, the solar cell grid line structure provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include positioning points 34 disposed at four corners of the grid line, for positioning with a printing device when the grid line is printed, so as to ensure the accuracy of printing.
In some examples, please refer to fig. 5, the solar cell grid line structure provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include a blank at the middle position of the first surface, and the grid line paste is not filled, so that the cutting of the whole solar cell sheet is convenient, if the grid line paste is filled at the cutting position, the cutting effect is not good when the laser 10 is used for cutting, the chip rate is high when the laser 10 has a large power, and the cutting is not thorough when the laser 10 has a small power. And the cut half solar cells are connected, so that the power of the module is higher.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a solar cell, which comprises the solar cell grid line structure described in the above embodiment.
In the grid line structure of the solar cell, the formed first grid line is manufactured by carrying out laser grooving and laser transfer printing on the same equipment, so that the process flow is simplified, the consumption of grid line slurry is reduced, and the production cost of the solar cell is further reduced. The position relation between the adjacent laser spots used in the formation of the first grid line can be tangent, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relation between the adjacent laser spots used in the formation of the first grid line is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent laser spots can be 0.5-50 μm, so that the formed first grid line is ensured to have good contact, and the damage to the solar cell substrate is reduced.
In order to verify the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the performance of the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the solar cell is manufactured on a conventional PERC (passivated emitter and reactor cell) cell by respectively adopting the conventional grid line structure and the manufacturing method thereof as a comparative example, the solar cell is compared with the solar cell manufactured by adopting the solar cell grid line structure and the manufacturing method thereof provided by the embodiment of the application as an embodiment, and the performance parameters obtained by performing related performance tests on the solar cell of the embodiment and the solar cell of the comparative example are as shown in the following table 1. The number is the number of solar cells tested in the examples and the comparative examples, and the difference is obtained by subtracting the value of the comparative example from the value of the example.
TABLE 1 comparison table of solar cell performance parameters
As can be seen from table 1, in the performance test, after a large number of tests are performed, compared with the solar cell manufactured by using the conventional grid line structure and the manufacturing method in the prior art, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell manufactured by using the solar cell grid line structure and the manufacturing method thereof provided in the embodiment of the present application is improved by 0.066%, the open-circuit voltage is reduced by 0.0009V, the short-circuit current is reduced by 0.003A, and the fill factor is increased by 0.36%, which indicates that the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof, and the solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the efficiency of the solar cell.
Fig. 8 is a box diagram representing tensile force before and after aging of the solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the solar cell of the embodiment and the solar cell of the comparative example are respectively subjected to tensile force tests before and after aging on an assembly end welding machine to obtain the box diagram shown in fig. 8, wherein the values above the box diagram are average tensile force values obtained by the tests. As shown in fig. 8, after the test results of the examples and the comparative example are plotted into a box line graph, it can be seen that the solar cell provided by the example of the present application has a larger average tensile force value and a smaller fraction defective before and after aging, which indicates that the solar cell provided by the present application has better soldering performance.
In summary, the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell provided by the application at least realize the following beneficial effects:
in the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell, when the grid line structure is formed on the solar cell substrate, and the solar cell substrate is provided with the first surface and the second surface which are opposite, the first grid line can be prepared on the first surface of the solar cell substrate by using the same equipment, so that the process flow of manufacturing the solar cell grid line is simplified. Specifically, a groove can be formed on the first surface by using laser according to the pattern of the gate line carrier plate, the gate line pattern is scribed on the first surface, the gate line pattern scribing groove formed on the first surface is filled with slurry according to the gate line carrier plate, then laser equipment is used again, the slurry in the groove is transferred to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using a laser transfer printing technology, and then the first gate line is formed on the surface of the first surface of the solar cell. Compared with the screen printing technology adopted in the prior art, the grid line is prepared on the surface of the solar cell by utilizing the laser transfer printing technology, so that the steps of etching and grooving the solar cell and transferring the slurry can be carried out on the same equipment in sequence, the process flow of preparing the grid line of the solar cell is simplified, and meanwhile, compared with the screen printing technology, the laser transfer printing technology selected by the application can reduce the consumption of the slurry, reduce the cost of manufacturing the grid line and further reduce the production cost of the solar cell. In addition, when the laser is used for grooving or slurry filling, the position relation between adjacent laser spots can be tangent, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relation between the adjacent laser spots is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent laser spots can be 0.5-50 μm, so that the formed grid line is ensured to have good contact, and the damage to the solar cell substrate is reduced; if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too small, the solar cell substrate is damaged by the laser greatly, and if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too large, the formed grid line is poor in contact with the solar cell substrate, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is influenced.
Although some specific embodiments of the present application have been described in detail by way of example, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A manufacturing method of a solar cell grid line structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite;
preparing a first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment;
preparing a second grid line on the second surface;
wherein the preparing of the first gate line on the first face using the same apparatus includes:
performing laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate;
filling slurry into the groove according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate;
transferring the slurry to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by using laser;
the position relation between the adjacent light spots of the laser is tangent, separated or intersected, and when the adjacent light spots are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots is 0.5-50 mu m.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the step of providing a solar cell substrate and before the step of fabricating a first grid line on the first side using the same device, the method further comprises:
printing an electrode on the first surface of the solar cell substrate and drying for the first time, wherein the temperature range of the first drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the first drying is 20-200 s.
3. The method for manufacturing the grid line structure of the solar cell according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate, the width of a laser spot ranges from 5 μm to 50 μm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein after the transferring the paste to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by the laser, the fabricating a first grid line on the first side by the same device further comprises:
and drying the slurry on the surface of the first surface for the second time, wherein the temperature range of the second drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the second drying is 20-200 s.
5. A solar cell grid line structure, which is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a solar cell substrate has a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other, and the solar cell grid line structure comprises a first grid line on the first surface and a second grid line on the second surface.
6. The solar cell grid line structure of claim 5, wherein the first grid line comprises at least one main grid line and a plurality of thin grid lines, the main grid line comprising at least one first region; in the first area, at least five thin grid lines penetrate through the main grid line, the solar cell grid line structure further comprises a plurality of anti-breaking grid lines, and each anti-breaking grid line is connected with two adjacent thin grid lines.
7. The solar cell grid line structure of claim 6, wherein when the busbar comprises at least two first regions, a spacing between two adjacent first regions ranges from 13mm to 15 mm.
8. The grid line structure of claim 6, wherein a plurality of the thin grid lines form a geometric pattern or a special-shaped pattern;
in the first region, each thin gate line penetrates through the main gate line along the extending direction of the corresponding thin gate line.
9. The solar cell grid line structure of claim 8, wherein each of the thin grid lines running through the main grid line in the first region is perpendicular to the main grid line.
10. The solar cell grid line structure of claim 8, wherein each of the thin grid lines is perpendicular to the main grid line.
11. A solar cell comprising the solar cell grid line structure of any one of claims 5 to 10.
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