WO2021238860A1 - 电池包、车辆以及储能装置 - Google Patents

电池包、车辆以及储能装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021238860A1
WO2021238860A1 PCT/CN2021/095500 CN2021095500W WO2021238860A1 WO 2021238860 A1 WO2021238860 A1 WO 2021238860A1 CN 2021095500 W CN2021095500 W CN 2021095500W WO 2021238860 A1 WO2021238860 A1 WO 2021238860A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
thickness
gap
battery pack
batteries
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/095500
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙华军
朱燕
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to JP2022572730A priority Critical patent/JP2023528367A/ja
Priority to KR1020227045041A priority patent/KR20230015421A/ko
Publication of WO2021238860A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238860A1/zh
Priority to US17/991,693 priority patent/US20230079318A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H01M50/26—Assemblies sealed to each other in a non-detachable manner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/251—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for stationary devices, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/512—Connection only in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of batteries, and in particular relates to a battery pack, a vehicle, and an energy storage device.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery pack, which can alleviate the expansion of the battery and prolong the cycle life of the battery, as well as make full use of the arrangement space of the battery pack.
  • a battery pack in the first aspect of the present application, includes at least one battery sequence, the battery sequence includes a plurality of batteries; the thickness of the battery extends in a first direction, A plurality of the batteries are arranged in sequence along the first direction to form the battery sequence; at least one of the batteries includes a casing and a pole core encapsulated in the casing, and there is a gap between at least two adjacent batteries, The ratio of the gap to the thickness of the battery is c, and c satisfies the following relationship:
  • c/a 0.01-0.5, where a represents the expansion rate of the battery.
  • the gap between two adjacent batteries refers to the distance between two adjacent batteries in the same battery sequence.
  • a represents the expansion rate of the battery in the first direction.
  • a (thickness after battery expansion-thickness before battery expansion)/thickness before battery expansion ⁇ 100%.
  • the thickness of the battery before expansion is the initial thickness of the battery before use, and the thickness of the battery after expansion is measured when the capacity of the battery decays to less than 80% of the initial capacity thickness.
  • the housing includes a housing body having an opening and a cover plate, the cover plate and the opening of the housing body are hermetically connected to form a sealed containing chamber together, and the pole core Located in the containing chamber;
  • the thickness of the battery before expansion is the size of the cover plate along the first direction
  • the expanded thickness of the battery is the minimum value of the distance between two parallel planes that virtually clamp the battery in the first direction.
  • the gap between two adjacent batteries is the gap between two adjacent batteries during operation or after operation or before use; the thickness of the battery is the initial value of the battery before use. thickness.
  • the housing includes a housing body having an opening and a cover plate, the cover plate and the opening of the housing body are hermetically connected to form a sealed containing chamber together, and the pole core Located in the containing chamber;
  • the gap between the two adjacent batteries includes a first gap, the first gap being the smallest distance between the two cover plates on the same side of the two adjacent batteries, and the thickness of the battery is The size of the cover plate along the first direction.
  • the housing includes a housing body having an opening and a cover plate, the cover plate and the opening of the housing body are hermetically connected to form a sealed containing chamber together, and the pole core Located in the containing chamber;
  • the housing has two opposite first surfaces along the first direction;
  • the gap between the two adjacent batteries includes a second gap, and the second gap is the smallest distance between two first surfaces of the two adjacent batteries facing each other;
  • the thickness of the battery is the size of the cover plate along the first direction.
  • the second gap of the battery before use is greater than the second gap after use of the battery.
  • the value of a ranges from 5.8% to 17.5%.
  • the length of the battery extends in a second direction, and the length of the battery is 400-2500 mm; the second direction is different from the first direction.
  • the pole cores packaged in the housing include a plurality of pole cores, and the plurality of pole cores are divided into a plurality of pole core groups, and the pole core groups are connected in series.
  • multiple pole cores in the same pole core group are connected in parallel.
  • each of the pole core groups is sheathed with an encapsulation film, and a plurality of the pole core groups are connected in series.
  • an encapsulation film is further provided between the housing and the pole core, and the pole core is encapsulated in the encapsulation film.
  • n when testing the expanded thickness of the battery, calculate the average thickness of the battery, randomly select n points on the shell body of the battery at a certain interval, and measure n points respectively.
  • a vehicle including the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • an energy storage device including the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the beneficial effect obtained in this application is: in order to reserve a buffer space for battery expansion, this application takes into account the influence of factors such as the expansion rate of the battery when a certain gap is reserved between adjacent batteries. , And make a reasonable and specific design for the influence of the above-mentioned multiple factors, thus, the design of the gap between the batteries will be more scientific and reasonable.
  • the gap between the batteries will not be set too large, wasting the space of the battery pack, and the gap between the batteries will not be set too small, which will not play a buffering effect, so as to improve the life of the battery pack while taking into account the battery.
  • the space utilization of the package in order to reserve a buffer space for battery expansion, this application takes into account the influence of factors such as the expansion rate of the battery when a certain gap is reserved between adjacent batteries.
  • FIG 1 is the battery pack provided by this application.
  • FIG. 2 is the battery sequence provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is the battery provided by this application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery provided by the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the vehicle and battery pack provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in the present application arranged in the energy storage device.
  • the present application provides a battery pack 200, the battery pack 200 includes at least one battery sequence 201, the battery sequence 201 includes a plurality of batteries 100; the thickness of the battery 100 extends along the first direction A, and the plurality of batteries 100 extend along the first direction A are arranged in sequence to form a battery sequence 201; at least one battery pack 200 includes a casing 101 and a pole core 102 encapsulated in the casing 101, and there is a gap between at least two adjacent batteries 100, which is the same as the thickness of the battery 100
  • the battery pack 200 may include one or more battery sequences 201.
  • the battery packs 200 are formed in series between the multiple battery sequences 201, and each battery sequence 201 includes two Or two or more batteries 100.
  • the number of batteries 100 and the number of battery sequences 201 can be set according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application.
  • the thickness of the battery 100 extends along the first direction A, and several batteries 100 are arranged in sequence along the first direction A. It can be understood that in at least one battery sequence 201, a plurality of batteries 100 are arranged along the thickness direction, and the batteries 100 face each other in the thickness direction.
  • the two surfaces of the battery 100 have the largest area, and the batteries 100 are arranged in the thickness direction. In other words, the batteries 100 are arranged in a large-to-large-surface manner. Since the surface with a larger area is more prone to swelling, there is a reserve between the batteries 100 A certain gap can reserve a buffer space for the expansion of the battery 100.
  • the gap can also serve as a heat dissipation channel, such as an air duct. Or the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery module, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery pack 200.
  • the reserved gap between two adjacent batteries 100 can be understood as no structure is provided between the batteries 100, and a certain space is simply reserved. It can also be understood that other structures are provided between two adjacent batteries 100. The structure separates the battery 100 from the battery 100 by the structure.
  • the gap between the batteries 100 should be understood as the distance between the batteries 100 on both sides of the structural member, and the difference between the structural member and the battery 100 cannot be understood. The spacing between.
  • a certain gap can be reserved between the structural member and the battery 100 on both sides of the structural member and it can be directly contacted.
  • the structural member should have a certain degree of flexibility. , Which can buffer the expansion of the battery 100.
  • the structural member includes but is not limited to aerogel, thermally conductive structural glue or thermal insulation cotton, etc.
  • the gap between two adjacent batteries 100 should refer to the distance between two adjacent batteries 100 in the same battery sequence 201, rather than different The distance between two adjacent batteries 100 in two battery sequences 201.
  • the gap between two adjacent batteries 100 in different battery sequences 201 can also be set with reference to the above-mentioned relational expression, which is not limited in this application.
  • a certain gap may be reserved between every two adjacent batteries 100, or a certain gap may be reserved between part of two adjacent batteries 100.
  • the gap between two adjacent batteries 100 will change as the working time of the battery 100 increases, but whether it is in operation or after operation or before the battery 100 leaves the factory, the two adjacent batteries 100 As long as the gaps satisfy the above-mentioned relationship, the technical solutions fall within the protection scope of this application.
  • the battery 100 may be an all-solid battery or a gel polymer battery, or a liquid battery, a soft pack battery, or a square battery.
  • the electrode core 102 includes a positive electrode sheet, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode in turn.
  • the swelling of the battery 100 is related to the thickness of the battery 100.
  • the swelling performance of the battery 100 of different electrochemical systems is different.
  • the expansion rate a of the battery 100 characterizes the expansion performance of the battery 100. The larger the parameter a, the poorer the expansion performance of the battery 100 (prone to expansion), the smaller the parameter a, the better the expansion performance of the battery 100 (not easy to expand).
  • the swelling performance a of the battery 100 directly affects the life of the battery 100. Therefore, the swelling performance of the battery 100 should be fully considered when setting the gap between two adjacent batteries 100.
  • the moderate squeezing between two adjacent batteries 100 has a shaping effect on the interface within the battery 100, which can ensure that the positive electrode sheet, the separator and the negative electrode sheet are closely attached to each other and reduce the mass transfer resistance of lithium ions.
  • Improve the transfer rate of lithium ions promote the internal dynamics of the battery 100, and extend the life of the battery 100.
  • the parameter t characterizes the promotion of the expansion stress of the battery 100 on the life of the battery 100.
  • the inventors of the present application have found through many experiments that when c/a is less than 0.01, the gap reserved between the battery cells cannot meet the need for free expansion of the battery 100, which is likely to cause excessive squeezing of the battery 100, making the battery 100 casing 101 Uneven force, resulting in analysis, battery 100 diving and other phenomena.
  • the gap reserved between the cells is too large, which not only wastes the space inside the battery pack 200/module, reduces the grouping rate, but also causes the battery 100 to expand due to swelling during long-term use. It is easy to produce gaps between the pole pieces within 100. If there is no squeezing force from adjacent batteries 100, the performance of the battery 100 will also be affected.
  • the inventor of the present application comprehensively considered the above factors and found through many experiments that when the gap between two adjacent batteries 100 and the thickness ratio c of the battery 100 are limited to the above range, the space reserved between the batteries 100
  • the gap can meet the need for free expansion of the battery 100, avoid excessive squeezing of adjacent batteries 100, resulting in uneven force on the outer casing 101 of the battery 100, causing phenomena such as lithium precipitation and battery diving, and improving the cycle life of the battery 100. Avoid excessively large gaps between the batteries 100, waste the layout space of the batteries 100, and reduce the volume utilization of the battery pack 200.
  • the setting of the gap can also provide a moderate squeeze between adjacent batteries 100
  • the space ensures that the internal interface of the pole core 102 fits more closely, improves the lithium ion mass transfer capacity of the battery 100, and improves the overall performance of the battery 100.
  • the volume of the battery 100 will simultaneously expand in various directions such as the length, width, and thickness of the battery 100.
  • the expansion rate and compression rate of the battery 100 and the electrode core 102 in each direction are different, but for the battery 100 and pole core 102, whether it is the expansion rate or compression rate in the length direction, or the expansion rate or compression rate in the thickness direction, or the expansion rate or compression rate in the width direction, as long as they satisfy the relational expression provided in this application, both It falls within the scope of protection of this application.
  • a represents the expansion rate of the battery 100 in the thickness direction; correspondingly, b represents Is the expansion rate of the pole core 102 in the thickness direction.
  • the calculation formula for the expansion rate of the battery 100 in the thickness direction :
  • a (the thickness of the battery after expansion-the thickness of the battery before expansion)/the thickness of the battery before expansion ⁇ 100%;
  • c the gap between two adjacent batteries/the initial thickness of the battery before use.
  • the thickness of the battery 100 before expansion can be understood as the initial thickness of the battery 100 before use, and the thickness of the battery 100 after expansion can be understood as the thickness of the battery 100 after use.
  • Before use can be understood as the battery 100 is ready to leave the factory after the assembly is completed or before it has been delivered but has not yet begun to provide power to the outside”; “after use” can be understood as the battery 100 provides power to the outside.
  • the battery pack 200 is assembled In an electric vehicle, the state before use can be understood as the state of a new car; the state after use should be the state after the car has traveled for a certain mileage.
  • the thickness of the battery 100 after expansion is the thickness at which the capacity of the battery 100 decays to less than 80% of the initial capacity of the battery 100.
  • the battery 100 is in the battery 100.
  • the charging capacity is the weakest at this time, especially the expansion force has the greatest influence on it.
  • the expanded thickness of the battery 100 of the present application is preferably the measured thickness at which the capacity of the battery 100 decays to less than 80% of the initial capacity.
  • the housing 101 includes a housing body 1012 having an opening and a cover plate 1011, and the cover plate 1011 is respectively sealed and connected with the opening of the housing body 1012 to jointly enclose a sealed containing chamber, and the pole core 102 is located In the containment chamber.
  • the shell body 1012 may only have one opening at one end, and there is only one corresponding cover plate 1011, and the shell body 1012 may also be opened at both ends, and there are two corresponding cover plates 1011.
  • the cover plate 1011 due to the higher strength of the cover plate 1011, it is less prone to swelling than the case body 1012. Even if the battery 100 has been operated for a period of time, a chemical reaction occurs inside, and the cover plate 1011 can expand. Negligible, so the initial thickness of the battery 100 before expansion or the initial thickness of the battery 100 before use can be calculated approximately equal to the size of the cover plate 1011 along the first direction A, that is, the size of the cover plate 1011 along the thickness direction of the battery 100 is approximately Equal to the thickness of the battery 100.
  • the two opposite surfaces in the thickness direction of the battery 100 swell more obviously, and the closer to the center of the surface, the more the battery 100 swells. At this time, the thickness of each point of the battery 100 is different. Too consistent.
  • the following two test methods can be used:
  • n the smaller the error of the calculated result, preferably, n ⁇ 5.
  • the expanded thickness of the battery 100 can be understood as the minimum value of the distance between the two parallel planes that virtually clamp the battery 100 along the first direction A. In other words, measure the two opposite surfaces of the battery 100 in the thickness direction. The maximum distance, or the thickness of a point where the battery 100 expands most obviously, is approximately equal to the thickness of the battery 100 after expansion.
  • the two flat surfaces can be used to clamp the two surfaces of the battery 100 in the first direction A respectively, keeping the two plates parallel to each other, and the distance between the two plates is recorded as the battery 100 Thickness after expansion.
  • “Clamping” should be understood that the plate body has just been attached to the surface of the battery 100 shell body 1012, and the plate body does not exert a force on the shell body 1012, that is, the plate body and the shell body 1012 are not mutually squeezed. Pressure.
  • the active material layer on the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet expands and contracts during charging and discharging. Therefore, the active material from the active material layer may peel off and fall off, which may cause internal short circuits.
  • the expansion and contraction of the above-mentioned active material layer will also cause the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to be not closely attached to the separator, which affects the mass transfer of lithium ions, increases the internal resistance of the battery 100, and causes the cycle characteristics of the battery 100 to deteriorate. .
  • a certain degree of squeezing of the battery 100 can prevent further expansion of the active material layer, so that the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the separator are still tightly attached under the condition of expansion, and will not affect The mass transfer capability of lithium ions is beneficial to the improvement of the cycle performance of the battery 100.
  • the gap between adjacent batteries 100 is not as large as possible. Larger gaps are not only not conducive to the increase of the energy density of the battery pack 200, but also cause the cycle performance of the battery 100 to further deteriorate. When setting the gap between adjacent batteries 100, proper consideration of the mutual compression of adjacent batteries 100 is obviously beneficial to the battery 100's cycle performance.
  • the housing 101 includes a housing body 1012 with an opening and a cover plate 1011.
  • the cover plates 1011 are respectively connected to the two end openings of the housing body 1012 in a sealed manner to jointly enclose a sealed receiving chamber.
  • 102 is located in the containing chamber.
  • the gap between two batteries 100 includes a first gap.
  • the first gap is the smallest distance between two cover plates 1011 on the same side of two adjacent batteries 100.
  • the thickness of the battery 100 is such that the cover plate 1011 extends along the first gap. A dimension in one direction.
  • the cover plate 1011 due to the higher strength of the cover plate 1011, it is less prone to swelling than the case body 1012. Even if the battery 100 has been working for a period of time, a chemical reaction occurs internally, and the battery 100 swells and may squeeze. For adjacent batteries 100, the first gap will change (such as gradually increasing), but the change is small and can be ignored, or even if it changes, the ratio of the first gap to the thickness of the battery 100 still satisfies the above relational expression.
  • the two ends of the casing body 1012 are respectively provided with cover plates 1011, and when the batteries 100 are arranged in the battery sequence 201 along the thickness direction, the gap between the two batteries 100 refers to the two cover plates located at the same end of the battery sequence 201 The minimum distance between 1011, rather than the distance between two cover plates 1011 at different ends of the battery 100.
  • the housing 101 has two opposite first surfaces along the first direction A, the gap between two adjacent batteries 100 includes a second gap, and the second gap is two adjacent batteries.
  • the minimum distance between the two first surfaces of the housing 101 facing each other; the thickness of the battery 100 is the size of the cover plate 1011 along the first direction A.
  • the second gap of the battery 100 before use is greater than the second gap of the battery 100 after use.
  • Before use can be understood as the battery 100 is ready to leave the factory after the assembly is completed or before it has been shipped but before it starts to provide power to the outside”; “after use” can be understood as the battery 100 after the battery 100 provides power to the outside.
  • the battery is assembled into a battery
  • the package 200 is assembled in an electric vehicle, and the state before use can be understood as the state of a new car; the state after use should be the state after the car has traveled for a certain mileage.
  • the second gap should refer to the smallest distance between the two first surfaces of two adjacent batteries 100 opposite to each other.
  • the distance will gradually decrease with the increase in the use time of the battery 100, mainly This is because after the battery 100 expands, the distance between two adjacent large surfaces will gradually decrease.
  • the value range is 5.8%-17.5%, and it is difficult for a ⁇ 5.8% to happen. This is determined by the continuous thickening of the negative SEI film of the lithium battery, and the case a>17.5% is based on Existing test data is also rare.
  • the length of the battery extends along the second direction B, the length of the battery 100 is 400-2500 mm, further, the length of the battery 100 is 600-1000 mm, and further, the length of the battery 100 is 1000 mm -2000mm. Furthermore, the length of the battery 100 is 1300mm-2200mm.
  • the battery 100 it is more suitable for the battery 100 with a length greater than 400mm.
  • the battery 100 swells, resulting in contact between the casings 101 of two adjacent batteries 100, the contacted part will exert pressure on the inside of the battery 100 towards the electrode core 102.
  • the pressure distribution is not uniform, and the uneven pressure distribution can easily cause the battery 100 to release lithium, thereby causing safety problems or diving in the battery 100.
  • the pole core 102 encapsulated in the housing 101 includes a plurality of pole cores 102, and the plurality of pole cores 102 are divided into a plurality of pole core 102 groups, and the pole cores 102 are connected in series.
  • a plurality of pole cores 102 groups are connected in series in the casing 101, and each pole core 102 group includes at least one pole core 102.
  • each pole core 102 group includes at least one pole core 102.
  • a plurality of pole cores 102 groups are arranged inside the casing 101.
  • This embodiment can also greatly reduce the internal resistance of the battery 100 to avoid overheating of the battery 100 under high power output, fast charging, etc. And so on. At the same time, the capacity of the battery 100 can be increased, and the manufacturing cost of the battery 100 can be saved.
  • an encapsulation film is further provided between the housing 101 and the pole core 102, and the pole core 102 is encapsulated in the encapsulation film.
  • the pole core 102 is encapsulated in the packaging film first, and then the casing 101 is provided on the packaging film, thereby realizing the secondary packaging of the pole core 102 and improving the sealing performance of the battery 100. It is understandable that electrolyte is also injected into the packaging film. Therefore, through the above method, contact between the electrolyte and the housing 101 can also be avoided, and the corrosion of the housing 101 or the decomposition of the electrolyte can be avoided.
  • the packaging film can be integrated, multiple pole cores 102 are packaged in the same packaging film, the pole cores 102 are divided into several pole core 102 groups, and each pole core 102 group includes at least one pole core 102.
  • a plurality of pole cores 102 in a pole core 102 group are connected in parallel, and the pole cores 102 are connected in series, thereby increasing the capacity of the battery 100 and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the encapsulation film may also contain multiple encapsulation films.
  • the pole core 102 group contains at least one pole core 102, and each encapsulation film is packaged with a pole core 102 group to form a pole core 102 assembly, and the pole core 102 assemblies are connected in series.
  • the packaging films of multiple pole cores 102 groups are independent of each other, and the number of packaging films corresponds to the number of pole cores 102 groups one-to-one.
  • Each pole core 102 group is individually packaged in a packaging film.
  • an encapsulation film can be separately sleeved outside each pole core 102 group, and then the pole core 102 components are connected in series.
  • the material of the packaging film may include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or a multilayer composite film.
  • the packaging film when the packaging film is a multilayer composite film, the packaging film may include a laminated non-metallic outer layer film and a non-metallic inner layer film.
  • the inner layer film is wrapped around the outer periphery of the pole core 102, and the outer layer film is wrapped on the non-metal inner layer film, that is, the inner layer film is located between the outer layer film and the pole core 102.
  • the inner film has good chemical stability.
  • materials with anti-corrosion properties of the electrolyte can be used, such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene PE or polyethylene terephthalate PET, or it can be among the above materials A variety of combinations.
  • the outer film is a protective layer.
  • the outer film can prevent the penetration of air, especially water vapor, oxygen, etc., and its material can be polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide or polypropylene, or multiple of the above materials. combination.
  • the melting point of the outer film is greater than the melting point of the inner film, so that the outer film will not be melted during hot-melt sealing, and the inner film can be melted in time to ensure excellent sealing performance.
  • the melting point difference between the outer layer film and the inner layer film can be between 30-80°, for example, the melting point difference between the two can be 50° or 70°, etc. The specific material selection can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the non-metallic outer layer film and the non-metallic inner layer film are bonded and compounded with an adhesive.
  • the specific adhesive can be selected according to the properties of the non-metallic outer layer film and the non-metallic inner layer film. For example, a composite of PP and PET film is used. Due to the poor compatibility of the two, it is easy to delaminate. Polyolefin adhesives are preferred. The adhesive is bonded to form a composite film.
  • the packaging film may be an aluminum-plastic composite film.
  • the battery 100 can be a soft-pack battery.
  • the casing 101 can be an aluminum-plastic film, and the battery 100 can also be a hard-shell battery.
  • the casing 101 is a metal casing, which includes but is not limited to Aluminum shell or steel shell.
  • a battery module includes at least one battery sequence 201, the battery sequence 201 includes a plurality of batteries 100; the thickness of the battery 100 along the first direction A Extending, a number of the batteries 100 are arranged in sequence along the first direction A to form the battery sequence 201; at least one of the battery packs 200 includes a casing 101 and a pole core 102 enclosed in the casing 101, at least two There is a gap between two adjacent batteries 100, and the ratio of the gap to the thickness of the battery 100 is c, and c satisfies the following relationship:
  • c/a 0.01-0.5, where a represents the expansion rate of the battery 100.
  • a represents the expansion rate of the battery 100 in the first direction A.
  • a (the thickness of the battery 100 after expansion-the thickness of the battery 100 before expansion)/the thickness of the battery 100 before expansion ⁇ 100%.
  • the thickness of the battery 100 before expansion is the initial thickness of the battery 100 before use, and the thickness of the battery 100 after expansion is such that the capacity of the battery 100 is reduced to 80% of the initial capacity The thickness measured below.
  • the housing 101 includes a housing body 1012 having an opening and a cover plate 1011, and the cover plate 1011 and the opening of the housing body 1012 are hermetically connected to jointly enclose a sealed accommodating chamber ,
  • the pole core 102 is located in the containing chamber;
  • the thickness of the battery 100 before expansion is the size of the cover plate 1011 along the first direction A;
  • the expanded thickness of the battery 100 is the minimum value of the distance between two parallel planes that virtually clamp the battery 100 along the first direction A.
  • the gap between the two adjacent batteries 100 is the gap between the two adjacent batteries 100 before use; the thickness of the battery 100 is the initial thickness of the battery 100 before use.
  • the housing 101 includes a housing body 1012 having an opening and a cover plate 1011, and the cover plate 1011 and the opening of the housing body 1012 are hermetically connected to jointly enclose a sealed accommodating chamber ,
  • the pole core 102 is located in the containing chamber;
  • the gap between the two adjacent batteries 100 includes a first gap, and the first gap is the smallest distance between the two cover plates 1011 on the same side of the two adjacent batteries 100.
  • the battery 100 The thickness of is the size of the cover plate 1011 along the first direction A.
  • the housing 101 has two opposite first surfaces along the first direction A;
  • the gap between the two adjacent batteries 100 includes a second gap, and the second gap is the minimum distance between the two first surfaces of the housing 101 of the two adjacent batteries 100 facing each other.
  • the thickness of the battery 100 is the size of the cover plate 1011 along the first direction A.
  • the second gap of the battery 100 before use is larger than the second gap of the battery 100 after use.
  • the value of a ranges from 5.8% to 17.5%.
  • the length of the battery 100 extends along the second direction B, and the length of the battery 100 is 400-2500 mm; the second direction B is different from the first direction A.
  • the pole core 102 packaged in the casing 101 includes a plurality of pole cores 102, and the plurality of pole cores 102 are divided into a plurality of pole core 102 groups, and the pole cores 102 are connected in series.
  • an encapsulation film is further provided between the casing 101 and the pole core 102, and the pole core 102 is encapsulated in the encapsulation film.
  • the battery module provided in this application has a long life and high safety performance.
  • a battery pack 200 is provided, including the above-mentioned battery module.
  • the battery pack 200 provided in the present application has a long life, high safety performance, and high volume utilization rate.
  • an energy storage device 400 is provided, including the above-mentioned battery pack 200.
  • a vehicle 300 including the above-mentioned battery pack 200.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • a battery pack 200 includes a tray 201 and a battery sequence 201 located in the tray.
  • the battery sequence 201 includes a plurality of batteries 100.
  • the thickness of the plurality of batteries 100 extends along a first direction A.
  • the length of the battery 100 extends along the second direction B, and a plurality of batteries 100 are arranged in sequence along the first direction A to form a battery sequence 201; two adjacent batteries are provided with a gap S
  • Each battery 100 includes an aluminum shell 101.
  • the aluminum shell 101 includes a shell body 1012 with openings at both ends and two cover plates 1011.
  • 102 is located in the containing cavity; there are multiple pole cores 102, each pole core is encapsulated in a packaging film (not shown in the figure), each pole core includes a positive electrode ear 1021 and a negative electrode ear 1022 for drawing current, The positive electrode ear 1021 and the negative electrode ear 1022 are respectively arranged at opposite ends of the electrode core along the length direction of the electrode core.
  • a plurality of electrode cores 102 are arranged in sequence along the length of the battery to form a electrode core string.
  • One of the two adjacent electrode cores 102 The positive lug 1021 of the core 102 is electrically connected to the negative lug of the other pole core 102, so that a plurality of pole cores 102 are connected in series with each other.
  • the battery pack works for a period of time, measure the size of the cover plate 1011 of the battery 100 along the first direction A (the thickness direction of the battery), and record it as the initial thickness D before the battery expands, and measure the battery to virtually clamp two parallel batteries in the thickness direction
  • the batteries of the examples and comparative examples were charged at a rate of 0.75C and discharged at a rate of 0.75C, and a full charge and discharge cycle test was performed.
  • the capacity decay of each battery in the battery pack was recorded until the capacity of a certain battery was reduced. Is 80%. Output the number of cycles.
  • the voltage range of the cathode material is lithium iron phosphate is 2.5-3.8V
  • the voltage range of the Ni65-type nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material is 3-4.2V.
  • Table 1 shows the parameters and performance test results of the examples and comparative examples.

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Abstract

一种电池包(200)、车辆(300)以及储能装置(400)。所述电池包(200)至少包括一个电池序列(201)，所述电池序列(201)包括若干个电池(100)；所述电池(100)的厚度沿第一方向延伸，若干个所述电池(100)沿所述第一方向依次排列以形成所述电池序列(201)；至少一个所述电池(100)包括外壳(101)和封装于所述外壳(101)内的极芯(102)，至少两个相邻的电池(100)之间具有间隙，该间隙与所述电池(100)的厚度的比例为c，c满足如下关系式:c/a＝0.01～0.5，其中，a表示为所述电池(100)的膨胀率。

Description

电池包、车辆以及储能装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求“比亚迪股份有限公司”于2020年05月25日提交的、名称为“电池包、电池模组、车辆以及储能装置”的、中国专利申请号“202010447953.8”的优先权。
技术领域
本申请属于电池领域，尤其涉及一种电池包、车辆以及储能装置。
背景技术
在电动汽车电池包能量密度日益升高的环境下，长寿命是必须攻克的难关之一，这也是影响用户体验十分重要的一个指标，也是各家电池企业以及新能源车企一直追求优化的方向。在一个电池包内，电化学体系会影响电池的寿命，除此之外，外部环境对电池寿命的也起到至关重要的影响，其中影响较为严重的电池在循环过程中会发生膨胀，相邻电池膨胀后互相挤压，从而造成电池性能的恶化，严重时还会引发安全问题。
相关技术中，为了缓解电池的膨胀，目前最多的研究集中在电池包/电池模组中相邻电池之间预留一定的间隙，但间隙会占用电池包内部空间，如果电池包内电池数量较大，间隙预留过大，每两个相邻电池之间均预留间隙，由此势必会严重降低电池包的空间利用率；但如果间隙预留过小，又无法有效的缓解电池的膨胀。因此，如何合理设计相邻电池之间的间隙，使得既可以缓解电池的膨胀，又不会过多占用电池包内部空间，进而使得电池包的综合性能得到最大化，是目前急需解决的问题。
发明内容
为了至少解决上述一种问题，本申请的目的在于提供一种电池包，其既能缓解电池的膨胀，延长电池的循环使用寿命，又能够充分利用电池包的排布空间。
为了实现上述目的，在本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池包，所述电池包至少包括一个电池序列，所述电池序列包括若干个电池；所述电池的厚度沿第一方向延伸，若干个所述电池沿所述第一方向依次排列以形成所述电池序列；至少一个所述电池包括外壳和封装于所述外壳内的极芯，至少两个相邻的电池之间具有间隙，该间隙与所述电池的厚度的比例为c，c满足如下关系式:
c/a＝0.01～0.5，其中，a表示为所述电池的膨胀率。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，任意相邻两个所述电池之间具有间隙。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，相邻两个所述电池之间的间隙是指同一个所述电池序列中相邻两个所述电池之间的间距。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，a表示为电池在第一方向上的膨胀率。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，a＝(电池膨胀后的厚度-电池膨胀前的厚度)/电池膨胀前的厚度×100％。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池膨胀前的厚度为所述电池在使用前的初始厚度，所述电池膨胀后的厚度为所述电池的容量衰减至初始容量80％以下测得的厚度。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述外壳包括具有开口的壳本体和盖板，所述盖板与所述壳本体的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯位于所述容纳腔室内；
所述电池膨胀前的厚度为所述盖板沿所述第一方向的尺寸；
所述电池膨胀后的厚度为沿第一方向虚拟夹持所述电池的两平行平面的间距的最小值。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述相邻两个电池之间的间隙为相邻两个电池在工作中或工作后或使用前的间隙；所述电池的厚度为电池在使用前的初始厚度。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述外壳包括具有开口的壳本体和盖板，所述盖板与所述壳本体的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯位于所述容纳腔室内；
所述两个相邻电池之间的间隙包括第一间隙，所述第一间隙为所述两个相邻电池位于同一侧的两个盖板之间的最小距离，所述电池的厚度为所述盖板沿所述第一方向的尺寸。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述外壳包括具有开口的壳本体和盖板，所述盖板与所述壳本体的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯位于所述容纳腔室内；
所述外壳沿所述第一方向具有两个相对的第一表面；
所述两个相邻电池之间的间隙包括第二间隙，所述第二间隙为所述两个相邻的电池的外壳相彼此面对的两个第一表面之间的最小间距；所述电池的厚度为所述盖板沿所述第一方向的尺寸。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池在使用前的第二间隙大于所述电池在使用后的第二间隙。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，a的取值范围5.8％-17.5％。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池的长度沿第二方向延伸，所述电池的长度为400-2500mm；所述第二方向与第一方向不同。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，封装于所述外壳内的极芯包括多个，多个所述极芯分成若干个极芯组，所述极芯组间串联。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，同一个所述极芯组中的多个所述极芯并联。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，每个所述极芯组外均套设有封装膜，多个所述极芯组串联。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述外壳与所述极芯之间还设有封装膜，所述极芯封装在封装膜内。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，测试所述电池膨胀后的厚度时，计算所述电池的平均厚度，在所述电池的所述壳本体上按照一定的间距任意选取n个点，分别测定n个点的厚度，分别记为d1、d2、d3……dn，所述电池膨胀后的厚度为d＝(d1+d2+d3+……dn)/n。
在本申请的第二方面，提供了一种车辆，包括上述电池包。
在本申请的第三方面，提供了一种储能装置，包括上述电池包。
通过上述技术方案，在本申请取得的有益效果为：为了缓解给电池的膨胀预留缓冲空间，本申请在相邻电池间预留的一定的间隙时，考量了电池的膨胀率等因素的影响，并将上述多因素的影响进行合理的特定设计，由此，电池间的间隙设计的会更加科学、合理。既不会使电池间的间隙设置过大，浪费电池包的空间，也不会使电池之间的间隙设置过小，起不到缓冲作用，从而在提高电池包寿命的同时又能兼顾到电池包的空间利用率。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的电池包；
图2是本申请提供的电池序列；
图3是本申请提供的电池；
图4是本申请提供的电池的剖面图；
图5是本申请提供的车辆和电池包的装配示意图；
图6是本申请提供的电池包设置在储能装置内的示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请提供了一种电池包200，所述电池包200至少包括一个电池序列201，电池序列201包括若干个电池100；电池100的厚度沿第一方向A延伸，若干个电池100沿第一方向A依次排列以形成电池序列201；至少一个电池包200括外壳101和封装于所述外壳101内 的极芯102，至少两个相邻的电池100之间具有间隙，该间隙与电池100的厚度的比例为c，c满足如下关系式：c/a＝0.01～0.5，其中，a表示为所述电池100的膨胀率。
在该申请中，电池包200中可以包括1个或多个电池序列201，含有多个电池序列201时，多个电池序列201之间串联形成电池包200，每个电池序列201中包括两个或两个以上的电池100，在实际生产中，电池100的数量以及电池序列201的数量可以根据实际需要来设定，本申请不作限定。
电池100的厚度沿第一方向A延伸，若干电池100沿第一方向A依次排列，可以理解为，至少一个电池序列201中，多个电池100沿其厚度方向排列，电池100在厚度方向上相对的两个表面的面积最大，电池100沿厚度方向排列，换句话说，电池100以大面对大面的方式依次排列，由于面积较大的表面更加容易发生膨胀，在电池100之间预留的一定的间隙，可以给电池100的膨胀预留缓冲空间。
电池100膨胀时会产生热量，电池100之间预留一定的间隙，该间隙还可以充当散热通道，例如风道，电池100面积较大的面散热效果更好，从而可以还可以提高电池包200或电池模组的散热效率，进而提电池包200的安全性能。
在上述方案中，相邻两个电池100之间预留间隙可以理解为电池100之间不设置任何结构件，单纯预留一定的空间，也可以理解相邻两个电池100之间设置其他结构件使电池100与电池100之间通过该结构件隔开。
需要说明的是，当相邻两个电池100之间设置结构件，电池100之间的间隙应该理解为该结构件两侧的电池100之间的距离，而不能理解该结构件与电池100之间的间距。
应当说明的是，结构件可以与该结构件两侧的电池100之间预留一定的间隙又可以直接接触，当结构件与位于两侧的电池100直接接触时，结构件应当具有一定的柔性，可以为电池100的膨胀起到缓冲作用。
作为结构件包括但不限于气凝胶，导热结构胶或者是隔热棉等。
本申请中，当电池包200包括多个电池序列201时，相邻两个电池100之间的间隙应该是指同一个电池序列201中相邻两个电池100之间的间距，而不是指不同两个电池序列201中相邻两个电池100之间的间距。当然，不同电池序列201中相邻两个电池100的间隙也可以参照上述的关系式来设定，本申请对此不作限定。
同一个电池序列201中，可以每相邻两个电池100之间均预留一定的间隙，也可以部分相邻两个电池100之间预留一定的间隙。
需要说明的是，相邻两个电池100的间隙会随着电池100的工作时间的增加而有所变化，但无论是处于工作中还是工作后或者是电池100出厂前，相邻两个电池100的间隙只要满足上述关系时的技术方案则均落在本申请的保护范围内。
本申请中，电池100可以为全固态电池或凝胶聚合物电池，也可以为液态电池，可以为软包电池，也可以为方形电池，极芯102包括正极片、固态电解质层和负极依次卷绕或堆叠形成的电极组件，或者极芯102包括正极片、隔膜、负极依次卷绕或堆叠形成的电池组件(极芯102中还包括电解液)。
电池100的膨胀与电池100的厚度相关，电池100的厚度越大，电池100越容易发生膨胀，因而在设定相邻两个电池100之间的间隙时需考虑电池100的厚度的因素。
在电池100老化过程中，随着电池100容量的衰减，电池100外壳101内部的极芯102的厚度会逐渐增大，电池100会发生膨胀，不同电化学体系的电池100的膨胀性能各有不同，电池100的膨胀率a表征了电池100的膨胀性能，参数a越大，电池100膨胀性能较差时(容易发生膨胀)，参数a越小电池100膨胀性能较好(不容易发生膨胀)。电池100的膨胀性能a直接影响电池100的寿命，因而在设定相邻两个电池100之间的间隙是需充分考虑电池100的膨胀性能。
电池100一旦发生膨胀，电池100内部的正极片、负极片和隔膜之间会产生间隙，彼此之间贴合的不紧密，增大锂离子的传质阻力，不利于锂离子的传播。因此，相邻两个电池100之间的适度的挤压对电池100内的界面有整形作用，可以保证，正极片、隔膜和负极片之间的紧密贴合，减小锂离子的传质阻力，提高锂离子的传递速率，促进电池100内部动力学，延长电池100寿命，参数t则表征了电池100的膨胀应力对电池100寿命的促进作用。
本申请的发明人经过多次实验发现，当c/a小于0.01时，电芯之间预留的间隙无法满足电池100自由膨胀的需要，容易对电池100造成过度挤压，使得电池100外壳101受力不均，产生析理，电池100跳水等现象。
当c/a大于0.5时，电芯之间预留的间隙过大，不仅浪费电池包200/模组内部的空间，降低成组率，而且电池100在长时间使用中，由于膨胀，使得电池100内部极片之间极易 产生空隙，如果没有相邻电池100施加挤压力，也会影响电池100性能。
本申请的发明人综合考虑以上因素，经过多次实验发现，当将相邻两个电池100之间的间隙与电池100的厚度比c的大小限定在上述范围时，电池100之间预留的间隙即可满足电池100自由膨胀的需求，避免相邻电池100过度挤压，造成电池100外壳101受力不均匀，产生析锂和电池跳水等现象的发生，提高电池100的循环寿命，又可以避免电池100之间预留的间隙过大，浪费电池100的排布空间，降低电池包200的体积利用率，同时，该间隙的设定还可以给相邻电池100之间提供适度的挤压空间，保证极芯102内部界面贴合的更加紧密，提高电池100的锂离子传质能力，提高电池100的综合性能。
电池100一旦发生膨胀，电池100的体积会同时向电池100的长度、宽度和厚度等各个方向发生膨胀，电池100以及极芯102在各个方向上的膨胀率不同，压缩率也不同，但对于电池100和极芯102，无论是长度方向的膨胀率或压缩率、还是厚度方向上的膨胀率或压缩率、又或者是宽度方向的膨胀率或压缩率，只要满足本申请提供的关系式，均落在本申请的保护范围。
电池100在厚度方向相对的两个表面由于面积较大，膨胀或者收缩的更加明显，因此，在本申请的一个实施方式中，a表示为电池100在厚度方向的膨胀率；相应的，b表示为极芯102在厚度方向上的膨胀率。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，电池100在厚度方向上的膨胀率的计算公式：
a＝(电池膨胀后的厚度-电池膨胀前的厚度)/电池膨胀前的厚度×100％；
相邻两个电池100之间的间隙与电池100膨胀前的厚度的计算公式：
c＝相邻两个电池之间的间隙/电池使用前的初始厚度。
在上述方案中，电池100膨胀前的厚度可以理解为电池100在使用前的初始厚度，电池100膨胀后的厚度可以理解为电池100在使用后的厚度。
“使用前”可以理解为电池100在装配完成后待出厂或者已出厂但还未开始给外部提供电能之前”；“使用后”可以理解为电池100给外部提供电能之后。例如，电池包200装配在电动车，使用前的状态可以理解为新车的状态；使用后的状态应该为，车行驶一段里程后的状态。
在一些实施方式中，电池100在膨胀后的厚度为电池100的容量衰减至电池100初始容量80％以下的厚度，当电池100的容量衰减至初始容量的80％以下时，电池100处于电池100生命周期的末期，此时的充电能力最弱，尤其是膨胀力对其影响最大，在电池100的容量衰减至初始容量的80％以下时测得的厚度满足上述关系时，可以保证电池100在全生命周 期内的正常运行。所以本申请电池100膨胀后的厚度优选为电池100的容量衰减至初始容量的80％以下的测得厚度。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，外壳101包括具有开口的壳本体1012和盖板1011，盖板1011分别与壳本体1012的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，极芯102位于容纳腔室内。
壳本体1012可以只有一端开口，对应的盖板1011只有1个，壳本体1012也可以两端开口，对应的盖板1011有两个。
在上述实施方式中，由于盖板1011的强度较高，相对比壳本体1012而言，不容易发生膨胀，即使，电池100在工作一段时间后，内部产生化学反应，盖板1011的膨胀也可忽略不计，因而电池100膨胀前的初始厚度或者说电池100使用前的初始厚度可以近似等于盖板1011沿第一方向A的尺寸来计算，也就是，盖板1011沿电池100厚度方向的尺寸近似等于电池100的厚度。
电池100使用一段时间后，在电池100厚度方向上相对的两个表面，膨胀的比较明显，且越靠近该表面的中心，电池100膨胀的越明显，此时，电池100每个点的厚度不太一致，在实际测试电池100膨胀后的厚度时，可采用如下两种测试方法：
方法一、计算电池100的平均厚度，在电池100的壳本体1012上按照一定的间距任意选取n个点，分别测定n个点的厚度，分别记为d1、d2、d3……dn，电池100膨胀后的厚度为d＝(d1+d2+d3+……dn)/n。在该种方法中，n越大，计算的结果误差越小，优选的，n≥5。
方法二、电池100膨胀后的厚度可以理解为沿第一方向A虚拟夹持所述电池100的两平行平面的间距的最小值，换句话说，测量电池100在厚度方向上相对的两个表面之间的最大距离，或者说是，电池100膨胀最为明显的某个点的厚度来近似等于电池100膨胀后的厚度。在实际测试中，可先用两个表面平整的板体沿第一方向A分别夹持电池100的两个表面，保持两个板体互相平行，两个板体之间的距离记为电池100膨胀后的厚度。
“夹持”应该理解，板体刚刚贴合在电池100壳本体1012的表面，板体并未对壳本体1012施加作用力，也就是说，板体和壳本体1012相互之间未有相互挤压。
以上两种方法仅供参考，本申请并不限定电池100膨胀后的厚度的测试方法，在实际应用中，采用其他方法测试的电池100膨胀后的厚度只要满足上述关系式，均落在本申请的保护范围。
在极芯102中，正极片或负极片上的活性材料层在充放电时发生膨胀收缩，因而有时 会发生来自活性材料层的活性材料的剥离、脱落，成为内部短路的原因。另外，上述活性材料层的膨胀收缩还会导致正极片与负极片与隔膜之间贴合的不紧密，影响了锂离子的传质，电池100的内阻增加，导致电池100的循环特性变差。因此，为了防止活性材料层的膨胀收缩，对电池100一定程度上的挤压可以防止活性材料层的进一步膨胀，使得正极片、负极片和隔膜在膨胀的情况下仍然紧密贴合，不会影响锂离子的传质能力，有利于电池100的循环性能的提高。
因而，相邻电池100之间的间隙不是越大越好，越大不仅不利于电池包200能量密度的提高，还会导致电池100的循环性能进一步恶化。在设置相邻电池100的间隙时，适度的考虑相邻电池100的相互挤压显然是有利于电池100循环性能的发挥的。
根据本申请提供的电池包200，外壳101包括具有开口的壳本体1012和盖板1011，盖板1011分别与壳本体1012的两端开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，极芯102位于所述容纳腔室内。
两个电池100之间的间隙包括第一间隙，第一间隙为两个相邻电池100位于同一侧的两个盖板1011之间的最小距离，电池100的厚度为盖板1011沿所述第一方向A的尺寸。
在上述实施方式中，由于盖板1011的强度较高，相对比壳本体1012而言，不容易发生膨胀，即使，电池100在工作一段时间后，内部产生化学反应，电池100膨胀，会挤压相邻的电池100，第一间隙会发生变化(如逐渐增大)，但该变化较小，可以忽略不计，或者即使变化，第一间隙与电池100的厚度的比例仍然满足上述关系式。
在上述实施方式中，壳本体1012两端分别设有盖板1011，电池100沿厚度方向排列成电池序列201时，两个电池100之间的间隙是指位于电池序列201同一端的两个盖板1011之间的最小间距，而非位于电池100不同端的两个盖板1011之间的间距。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，外壳101沿第一方向A具有两个相对的第一表面，两个相邻电池100之间的间隙包括第二间隙，第二间隙为两个相邻的电池100的外壳101相彼此面对的两个第一表面之间的最小间距；电池100的厚度为盖板1011沿第一方向A的尺寸。
电池100在使用前的第二间隙大于电池100在使用后的第二间隙。
“使用前”可以理解为电池100在装配完成后待出厂或者已出厂但还未开始给外部提供电能之前”；“使用后”可以理解为电池100给外部提供电能之后。例如，电池组装成电池包200并装配在电动车，使用前的状态可以理解为新车的状态；使用后的状态应该为，车行驶一段里程后的状态。
在该实施方式中，第二间隙应该是指两个相邻的电池100相对的两个第一表面之间的 最小间距，该间距会随着电池100的使用时间的增加而逐渐减小，主要是因为，电池100发生膨胀后，相邻两个大面之间的间距会逐渐减小。
根据本申请提供的电池包200a的取值范围5.8％-17.5％，a＜5.8％的情况很难发生，这是由锂电池负极SEI膜不断增厚的特性决定，a>17.5％的情况依据现有测试数据也较少出现。
根据本发明提供的电池包200，电池的长度沿第二方向B延伸，电池100的长度为400～2500mm，进一步地，电池100的长度为600-1000mm，更进一步地，电池100的长度为1000mm-2000mm，再进一步的地，电池100的长度为1300mm-2200mm。
在本申请中，更适用于长度大于400mm的电池100，电池100一旦发生膨胀，导致相邻两个电池100的外壳101接触后，接触的部位会对电池100内部施加朝向极芯102的压力，电池100越长，相比现在市面上的短电池100，相邻电池100之间的接触部位就越长，这就极易引起在长度方向上不同区域电池100所受到的朝向内部极片的挤压力分布不均匀，不均匀的压力分布极易造成电池100析锂，从而使电池100发生安全问题或跳水等现象。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，封装于外壳101内的极芯102包括多个，多个所述极芯102分成若干个极芯102组，极芯102组间串联。
换句话说，外壳101内串联有多个极芯102组，每个极芯102组至少包括一个极芯102，通过在电池100内设置多个极芯102组，与现有只设置一个极芯102的方式相比，可以更方便地制造出长度较长的电池100。常规情况下，一旦电池100较长，内部用作集流体的铜铝薄的长度即会相应增加，大大提高了电池100内部的电阻，无法满足当前越来越高的功率及快充的要求。
在电池100长度相同的情况下，在外壳101内部设置多个极芯102组，本实施例还可以极大的减小电池100内部的电阻，避免高功率输出、快充等情况下电池100过热等带来的问题。同时，可以提高电池100的容量，节约电池100的制造成本。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，外壳101与极芯102之间还设有封装膜，极芯102封装在所述封装膜内。
也就说，将极芯102先封装在封装膜内，再在封装膜外套设外壳101，由此实现对极芯102的二次封装，提高电池100的密封性能。可以理解的是，封装膜内还注入有电解液。因此，通过上述方式，还可以避免电解液与外壳101的接触，避免外壳101的腐蚀或者电解液的分解。
在上述方案中，封装膜可以一体设置，多个极芯102封装在同一个封装膜内，极芯102分成若干个极芯102组，每个极芯102组中至少包括一个极芯102，同一个极芯102组中的 多个极芯102并联，极芯102组间串联，由此可以提高电池100的容量，减少制造成本。
封装膜也可以含有多个，极芯102组含有至少一个极芯102，每个封装膜内封装有一个极芯102组以形成极芯102组件，极芯102组件间串联。
换句话说，多个极芯102组的封装膜为相互独立，封装膜的数量与极芯102组的数量一一对应，每个极芯102组单独封装在一个封装膜，该种实施方式，在多个极芯102组制备完成后，可在每个极芯102组外单独套一个封装膜，然后极芯102组件再串联。
在一些实施例中，封装膜的材料可以包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)或者多层复合膜。
例如，封装膜为多层复合膜时，封装膜可以包括层叠的非金属外层膜和非金属内层膜。其中，内层膜包覆在极芯102的外周，外层膜包覆在非金属内层膜上，即内层膜位于外层膜和极芯102之间。
内层膜具有较好的化学稳定性，例如可以采用具有抗电解液腐蚀特性的材料，比如可以是聚丙烯PP、聚乙烯PE或者聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PET，或者可以是上述材料中的多种组合。
外层膜为防护层，利用外层膜可以阻止空气尤其是水汽、氧等渗透，其材料例如可以采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺或聚丙烯，或者可以是上述材料的多种组合。
本申请的实施例中，外层膜的熔点大于内层膜的熔点，从而可以在热熔密封时，外层膜不会被熔融，而内层膜能够及时熔融以保证密封性能的优良。进一步地，外层膜和内层膜的熔点差可以在30-80°之间，如两者熔点差可以是50°或70度等，具体的材料选择可以根据实际需要而定。
本申请的实施例中，非金属外层膜和非金属内层膜之间采用胶黏剂粘结复合。具体的粘结剂可以根据非金属外层膜和非金属内层膜的性能进行选择，例如，采用PP和PET膜复合，由于两者相容性不佳，容易分层，优选聚烯烃类胶黏剂进行粘结，形成复合膜。
在另一些实施方式中，封装膜可以铝塑复合膜。
在本申请中，电池100可以为软包电池，相应的，外壳101可以为铝塑膜，电池100也可以为硬壳电池，相应的，外壳101为金属壳体，金属壳体包括但不限于铝壳或钢壳。
在本申请的第二方面，提供了一种电池模组，所述电池模组至少包括一个电池序列201，所述电池序列201包括若干个电池100；所述电池100的厚度沿第一方向A延伸，若干个所述电池100沿所述第一方向A依次排列以形成所述电池序列201；至少一个所述电池包200括外壳101和封装于所述外壳101内的极芯102，至少两个相邻的电池100之间具有 间隙，该间隙与所述电池100的厚度的比例为c，c满足如下关系式:
c/a＝0.01～0.5，其中，a表示为所述电池100的膨胀率。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，a表示为电池100在第一方向A上的膨胀率。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，a＝(电池100膨胀后的厚度-电池100膨胀前的厚度)/电池100膨胀前的厚度×100％。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述电池100膨胀前的厚度为所述电池100在使用前的初始厚度，所述电池100膨胀后的厚度为所述电池100的容量衰减至初始容量80％以下测得的厚度。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述外壳101包括具有开口的壳本体1012和盖板1011，所述盖板1011与所述壳本体1012的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯102位于所述容纳腔室内；
所述电池100膨胀前的厚度为所述盖板1011沿所述第一方向A的尺寸；
所述电池100膨胀后的厚度为沿第一方向A虚拟夹持所述电池100的两平行平面的间距的最小值。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述相邻两个电池100之间的间隙为相邻两个电池100在使用前的间隙；所述电池100的厚度为电池100在使用前的初始厚度。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述外壳101包括具有开口的壳本体1012和盖板1011，所述盖板1011与所述壳本体1012的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯102位于所述容纳腔室内；
所述两个相邻电池100之间的间隙包括第一间隙，所述第一间隙为所述两个相邻电池100位于同一侧的两个盖板1011之间的最小距离，所述电池100的厚度为所述盖板1011沿所述第一方向A的尺寸。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述外壳101沿所述第一方向A具有两个相对的第一表面；
所述两个相邻电池100之间的间隙包括第二间隙，所述第二间隙为所述两个相邻的电池100的外壳101相彼此面对的两个第一表面之间的最小间距；所述电池100的厚度为所述盖板1011沿所述第一方向A的尺寸。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述电池100在使用前的第二间隙大于所述电池100在使用后的第二间隙。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，a的取值范围5.8％-17.5％。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述电池100的长度沿第二方向B延伸，所述电池100的长度为400-2500mm；所述第二方向B与第一方向A不同。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，封装于所述外壳101内的极芯102包括多个，多个所述极芯102分成若干个极芯102组，所述极芯102组间串联。
根据本申请提供的电池模组，所述外壳101与所述极芯102之间还设有封装膜，所述极芯102封装在封装膜内。
本申请提供的电池模组寿命长，安全性能高。
在本申请的第三方面，提供了一种电池包200，包括上述电池模组。本申请提供的电池包200寿命长，安全性能高，体积利用率高。
在本申请的第五方面，如图6所示，提供了一种储能装置400，包括上述电池包200。
在本申请的第四方面，如图5所示，提供了一种车辆300，包括上述电池包200。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“实施例”、“具体实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本申请，这些实施例仅用于说明本申请，而不用于限制本申请的使用范围。
实施例1
如图1-4所示，一种电池包200，包括托盘201和位于托盘内的电池序列201，电池序列201包括多个电池100，多个电池100的厚度沿第一方向A延伸，多个电100池的长度沿第二方向B延伸，多个电池100沿第一方向A依次排列形成电池序列201；相邻两个电池设 有间隙S
每个电池100包括铝壳101，铝壳101包括具有两端开口的壳本体1012和两个盖板1011，盖板1011与壳本体1012的开口连接以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，极芯102位于所述容纳腔室内；极芯102有多个，每个极芯封装在封装膜内(图中未画出)，每个极芯包括用于引出电流的正极耳1021和负极耳1022，正极耳1021和负极耳1022沿极芯的长度方向分设在极芯的相对两端，多个极芯102沿电池的长度方向依次排列形成极芯串，相邻两个极芯102中的一个极芯102的正极耳1021和另一个极芯102的负极耳电连接，以使多个极芯102互相串联。
一、电池相关的参数的测量方法
(1)测量电池的膨胀率
电池包工作一段时间，测量电池100的盖板1011沿第一方向A(电池的厚度方向)的尺寸，记为电池膨胀前的初始厚度D，测量电池沿厚度方向上虚拟夹持电池两个平行平面之间的距离(参考说明书中记载的测量电池膨胀后的厚度的方法二测量)，记为电池膨胀后的厚度d1，电池的膨胀率a＝(d1-D)/D。
二、电池包循环性能的测试
在25℃下，将实施例和对比例的电池以0.75C的倍率充电、以0.75C倍率放电，进行满充满放循环测试，记录电池包中每个电池的容量衰减，直到某一个电池容量降低为80％。输出循环圈数。其中，正极材料为磷酸铁锂的电压范围为2.5～3.8V，Ni65型镍钴锰三元材料的电压范围为3～4.2V。
表1给出实施例和对比例的参数及性能测试结果。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021095500-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021095500-appb-000002
从表中实验数据可以看出，当相邻两个电池之间的间隙与电池的厚度的比落在本申请限定的范围内时，电池的寿命大幅提高，过大、过小均会造成电池容量的衰减。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包至少包括一个电池序列，所述电池序列包括若干个电池；所述电池的厚度沿第一方向延伸，若干个所述电池沿所述第一方向依次排列以形成所述电池序列；至少一个所述电池包括外壳和封装于所述外壳内的极芯，至少两个相邻的电池之间具有间隙，该间隙与所述电池的厚度的比例为c，c满足如下关系式:
    c/a＝0.01～0.5，其中，a表示为所述电池的膨胀率。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，任意相邻两个所述电池之间具有间隙。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包，其特征在于，相邻两个所述电池之间的间隙是指同一个所述电池序列中相邻两个所述电池之间的间距。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，a表示为电池在第一方向上的膨胀率。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    a＝(电池膨胀后的厚度-电池膨胀前的厚度)/电池膨胀前的厚度×100％。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池膨胀前的厚度为所述电池在使用前的初始厚度，所述电池膨胀后的厚度为所述电池的容量衰减至初始容量80％以下测得的厚度。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述外壳包括具有开口的壳本体和盖板，所述盖板与所述壳本体的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯位于所述容纳腔室内；
    所述电池膨胀前的厚度为所述盖板沿所述第一方向的尺寸；
    所述电池膨胀后的厚度为沿第一方向虚拟夹持所述电池的两平行平面的间距的最小值。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述相邻两个电池之间的间隙为相邻两个电池在工作中或工作后或使用前的间隙；所述电池的厚度为电池在使用前的初始厚度。
  9. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述外壳包括具有开口的壳本体和盖板，所述盖板与所述壳本体的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯位于所述容纳腔室内；
    所述两个相邻电池之间的间隙包括第一间隙，所述第一间隙为所述两个相邻电池位于同一侧的两个盖板之间的最小距离，所述电池的厚度为所述盖板沿所述第一方向的尺寸。
  10. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述外壳包括具有开口的壳本体和盖板，所述盖板与所述壳本体的开口密封连接，以共同围成密封的容纳腔室，所述极芯位于所述容纳腔室内；
    所述外壳沿所述第一方向具有两个相对的第一表面；
    所述两个相邻电池之间的间隙包括第二间隙，所述第二间隙为所述两个相邻的电池的外壳相彼此面对的两个第一表面之间的最小间距；所述电池的厚度为所述盖板沿所述第一方向的尺寸。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池在使用前的第二间隙大于所述电池在使用后的第二间隙。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，a的取值范围5.8％-17.5％。
  13. 如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在在于，所述电池的长度沿第二方向延伸，所述电池的长度为400-2500mm；所述第二方向与第一方向不同。
  14. 如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，封装于所述外壳内的极芯包括多个，多个所述极芯分成若干个极芯组，所述极芯组间串联。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电池包，其特征在于，同一个所述极芯组中的多个所述极芯并联。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的电池包，其特征在于，每个所述极芯组外均套设有封装膜，多个所述极芯组串联。
  17. 如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述外壳与所述极芯之间还设有封装膜，所述极芯封装在封装膜内。
  18. 如权利要求7所述的电池包，其特征在于，测试所述电池膨胀后的厚度时，计算所述电池的平均厚度，在所述电池的所述壳本体上按照一定的间距任意选取n个点，分别测定n个点的厚度，分别记为d1、d2、d3……dn，所述电池膨胀后的厚度为d＝(d1+d2+d3+……dn)/n。
  19. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电池包。
  20. 一种储能装置，其特征在于，所述储能装置权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2021/095500 2020-05-25 2021-05-24 电池包、车辆以及储能装置 WO2021238860A1 (zh)

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