WO2021192278A1 - 固体電池 - Google Patents
固体電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021192278A1 WO2021192278A1 PCT/JP2020/014242 JP2020014242W WO2021192278A1 WO 2021192278 A1 WO2021192278 A1 WO 2021192278A1 JP 2020014242 W JP2020014242 W JP 2020014242W WO 2021192278 A1 WO2021192278 A1 WO 2021192278A1
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid state battery.
- a secondary battery that charges and discharges by moving metal ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is known to exhibit a high voltage and a high energy density, and is typically a lithium ion secondary battery. It has been known.
- an active material capable of holding lithium is introduced into the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and charging / discharging is performed by exchanging lithium ions between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material.
- a lithium metal secondary battery that retains lithium by depositing lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode has been developed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a high energy density, high power lithium metal anode having a volumetric energy density of greater than 1000 Wh / L and / or a mass energy density of greater than 350 Wh / kg when discharged at room temperature at a rate of at least 1 C. Secondary batteries are disclosed. Patent Document 1 discloses that an ultrathin lithium metal anode is used in order to realize such a lithium metal anode secondary battery.
- Patent Document 2 in a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separation film interposed between them, and an electrolyte, the negative electrode has metal particles formed on a negative electrode current collector and is charged.
- a lithium secondary battery that is moved from the positive electrode and forms a lithium metal on the negative electrode current collector in the negative electrode is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 provides a lithium secondary battery in which such a lithium secondary battery solves a problem caused by the reactivity of a lithium metal and a problem generated in the assembly process, and has improved performance and life. It discloses that it can be done.
- a typical secondary battery that charges and discharges by exchanging metal ions between a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material does not have sufficient energy density.
- a lithium metal secondary battery that holds lithium by depositing lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode as described in the above patent document dendrites are likely to be formed on the surface of the negative electrode by repeating charging and discharging. , Short circuit and capacity reduction are likely to occur. As a result, the cycle characteristics are not sufficient.
- a method has been developed in which a large physical pressure is applied to the battery to keep the interface between the negative electrode and the separator at a high pressure in order to suppress discrete growth during lithium metal precipitation.
- a large mechanical mechanism is required to apply such a high voltage, the weight and volume of the battery as a whole become large, and the energy density decreases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state battery having a high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the solid-state battery according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte, and a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, and the solid electrolyte has a solid polymer electrolyte layer and at least a surface facing the negative electrode. It has a functional layer that suppresses the formation of dendrite on the surface of the negative electrode.
- a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode, and the deposited metal is dissolved to perform charging and discharging, so that the energy density is high.
- a solid electrolyte having a functional layer as described above it is possible to suppress metal from being deposited on the surface of the negative electrode and dendrites being formed on the surface of the negative electrode when the precipitated metal is dissolved. Can be done. As a result, problems such as short circuit and capacity reduction due to dendrites formed on the surface of the negative electrode can be suppressed, so that the cycle characteristics are excellent.
- the functional layer may be arranged on only one side of the solid polymer electrolyte layer, or may be arranged on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte layer.
- the functional layer is arranged on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte layer, the growth of dendrite can be further suppressed, so that the dendrite formed on the surface of the negative electrode reaches the positive electrode and is short-circuited inside the battery. It can be further suppressed.
- the functional layer may have a portion arranged so as to penetrate the solid polymer electrolyte layer. According to such an embodiment, since uniform lithium ion conduction occurs at least in the penetrating portion, more uniform lithium ion supply occurs in the plane direction on the negative electrode surface, and dendrites are further formed on the negative electrode surface. It can be suppressed.
- the solid-state battery is preferably a lithium secondary battery in which lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode and charging / discharging is performed by dissolving the precipitated lithium. According to such an embodiment, the energy density is further increased.
- the negative electrode is preferably a lithium-free electrode. According to such an aspect, since it is not necessary to use a highly flammable lithium metal in the production, the safety and productivity are further improved.
- the solid-state battery preferably does not have a lithium foil formed between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode before the initial charge. According to such an aspect, since it is not necessary to use a highly flammable lithium metal in the production, the safety and productivity are further improved.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer preferably has ionic conductivity, no electron conductivity, and a conductivity of 0.10 mS / cm or more, and the functional layer preferably has ionic conductivity and It has at least one of electron conductivity.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer has ionic conductivity and no electron conductivity, the internal resistance of the solid-state battery is further reduced, and short-circuiting inside the solid-state battery can be further suppressed. As a result, the solid-state battery has a higher energy density and more excellent cycle characteristics.
- the functional layer has at least one of ionic conductivity and electron conductivity
- the voltage applied to the interface between the functional layer and the negative electrode becomes more uniform in the surface direction of the negative electrode, so that lithium ions more uniform in the surface direction. It is possible to further suppress the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode due to the supply.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer contains a first resin and a lithium salt
- the first resin is a resin having an ethylene oxide unit in the main chain and / or the side chain, an acrylic resin, a vinyl resin, an ester resin, and nylon. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of resins
- the functional layer contains a second resin, a lithium salt, and a filler
- the second resin is a fluororesin having fluorine in the main chain.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic resins having an aromatic ring in the main chain, imide resins, amide resins, and aramid resins may be used.
- the filler is preferably an inorganic salt. According to such an embodiment, the interaction with the carrier metal can be further improved, and dendrite formation can be further suppressed.
- the content of the lithium salt in the functional layer is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the second resin. According to such an embodiment, lithium ions are supplied more uniformly in the surface direction to the surface of the negative electrode, and a more uniform lithium metal foil is deposited in the surface direction.
- the content of the filler is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the second resin. According to such an embodiment, the growth of dendrites can be further suppressed.
- the average thickness of the surface of the functional layer facing the negative electrode is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the growth of dendrites can be further suppressed.
- the positive electrode may have a positive electrode active material.
- the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as necessary.
- the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.
- the positional relationship such as up, down, left, and right shall be based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified.
- the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the ratios shown.
- the solid-state battery 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a positive electrode 110, a solid electrolyte 120, and a negative electrode 130 having no negative electrode active material.
- the solid electrolyte 120 has a solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 and a functional layer 122a that has a surface facing the negative electrode 130 and suppresses the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130.
- the positive electrode 110 is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for a solid-state battery, but a known material can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the solid-state battery and the type of carrier metal. From the viewpoint of increasing the stability and output voltage of the solid-state battery 100, the positive electrode 110 preferably has a positive electrode active material.
- the "positive electrode active material” means a substance for holding a metal ion that becomes a charge carrier in a battery or a metal corresponding to the metal ion (hereinafter, referred to as "carrier metal”) on the positive electrode. , May be paraphrased as the host material of the carrier metal.
- Such positive electrode active materials are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metal oxides and metal phosphates.
- the metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cobalt oxide-based compounds, manganese oxide-based compounds, and nickel oxide-based compounds.
- the metal phosphate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include iron phosphate compounds and cobalt phosphate compounds.
- the metal carrier is a lithium ion
- Examples thereof include LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , FeF 3 , LiFeOF, LiNiOF, and TiS 2 .
- the positive electrode active material as described above one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode is 110, and may contain components other than the above-mentioned positive electrode active material.
- Such components include, but are not limited to, known conductive aids, binders, solid polymer electrolytes, and inorganic solid electrolytes.
- the negative electrode 130 does not have a negative electrode active material. It is difficult to increase the energy density of a solid-state battery including a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material due to the presence of the negative electrode active material. On the other hand, since the solid-state battery 100 of the present embodiment includes the negative electrode 130 having no negative electrode active material, such a problem does not occur. That is, the solid-state battery 100 of the present embodiment has a high energy density because metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode 130 and charging / discharging is performed by melting the deposited metal.
- the "negative electrode active material” means a substance for holding the carrier metal on the negative electrode, and may be paraphrased as a host material of the carrier metal.
- the mechanism of such holding is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include intercalation, alloying, and occlusion of metal clusters.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbon-based substances, metal oxides, metals, alloys, and the like.
- the carbon-based material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphene, graphite, hard carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns.
- the metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium oxide-based compounds, tin oxide-based compounds, and cobalt oxide-based compounds.
- the metal or alloy is not particularly limited as long as it can be alloyed with the carrier metal, and examples thereof include silicon, germanium, tin, lead, aluminum, gallium, and alloys containing these.
- the negative electrode 130 is not particularly limited as long as it does not have a negative electrode active material and can be used as a current collector.
- a negative electrode active material for example, Cu, Al, Li, Ni, Mg, Ti, Au, Ag, Pt, Metals such as Pd and In, alloys containing them, stainless steel, and metal oxides such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO).
- FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
- ATO antimony-doped tin oxide
- ITO tin-doped indium oxide
- the negative electrode 130 is preferably a lithium-free electrode. According to such an aspect, since it is not necessary to use a highly flammable lithium metal in the production, the solid-state battery 100 is further excellent in safety and productivity. From the same viewpoint, among them, the negative electrode 130 is preferably Cu or an alloy containing Cu.
- the solid-state battery 100 includes a solid electrolyte 120.
- the solid electrolyte 120 has a solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 and a functional layer 122a having a surface facing the negative electrode 130 and suppressing the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130.
- the physical pressure applied from the electrolyte to the surface of the negative electrode varies from place to place due to fluctuations in the liquid.
- the solid-state battery 100 includes the solid electrolyte 120, the pressure applied from the solid electrolyte 120 to the surface of the negative electrode 130 becomes more uniform, and the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130 can be further suppressed.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is not particularly limited as long as it is a solid polymer electrolyte layer used as a solid electrolyte in a general solid-state battery, but preferably has ionic conductivity and no electron conductivity. It is a thing. Since the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 has ionic conductivity and no electron conductivity, the internal resistance of the solid-state battery 100 is further reduced, and short-circuiting inside the solid-state battery can be further suppressed. .. As a result, the solid-state battery 100 has a higher energy density and more excellent cycle characteristics.
- the conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is preferably 0.01 mS / cm or more, more preferably 0.10 mS / cm or more, and even more preferably 1.00 mS / cm or more.
- the conductivity of the solid-state polymer electrolyte layer 121 is in the above range, the internal resistance of the solid-state battery 100 is further reduced, so that the energy density of the solid-state battery 100 is further increased.
- the conductivity can be measured by a conventionally known method. Further, in order to control the conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 within the above preferable range, the content of the salt contained in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 may be appropriately adjusted. Increasing the content of the salt contained in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 increases the conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121.
- the average thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more and 90 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 80 ⁇ m or less.
- the average thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is in the above range, it is possible to further suppress short circuits inside the battery and further reduce the internal resistance of the battery. As a result, the solid-state battery 100 has a higher energy density and more excellent cycle characteristics.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 preferably contains a first resin and a lithium salt.
- the first resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of resins having an ethylene oxide unit in the main chain and / or side chains, acrylic resins, vinyl resins, ester resins, and nylon resins.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 contains the above resin and lithium salt, the ionic conductivity in the solid electrolyte 120 becomes more uniform, so that the formation of dendrite on the surface of the negative electrode 130 is further suppressed. can do. As a result, the solid-state battery 100 has a higher energy density and more excellent cycle characteristics.
- the first resin is preferably a resin having an ethylene oxide unit in the main chain and / or side chain, and more preferably a copolymer of ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol ether.
- the lithium salt in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is not particularly limited, but LiI, LiCl, LiBr, LiF, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiN (SO 2). CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 CF 3 ) 2 , LiB (O 2 C 2 H 4 ) 2 , LiB (O 2 C 2 H 4 ) F 2 , LiB (OCOCF 3 ) 4 , LiNO 3 , and Li 2 SO 4 can be mentioned.
- the lithium salts include LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 CF 3 ) 2 , and LiF. Is preferable.
- the above lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the first resin in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 may be 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, or 30% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less with respect to the entire solid polymer electrolyte layer. It may be 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less.
- the content ratio of the resin and the lithium salt in the solid polymer electrolyte layer is determined by the ratio of the oxygen atom of the resin to the lithium atom of the lithium salt ([Li] / [O]).
- the content ratio of the first resin to the lithium salt is such that the above ratio ([Li] / [O]) is preferably 0.02 or more and 0.20 or less. It is preferably adjusted to be 0.03 or more and 0.15 or less, and more preferably 0.04 or more and 0.12 or less.
- the conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 can be set in the above preferable range.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 may contain a first resin and a lithium salt component.
- a component include, but are not limited to, a resin other than the first resin, a salt other than the lithium salt, a metal complex, an ionic liquid, and a solvent.
- the resin other than the first resin is not particularly limited, but for example, polysiloxane, polyphosphazene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polylactic acid, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polypropylene, and the like. Examples include polybutylene, polyacetal, polysulfone, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the salt other than the lithium salt is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include salts of Na, K, Ca, and Mg. As the resin other than the first resin and the salt other than the lithium salt as described above, one kind may be used alone or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- the metal complex is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metal complexes such as V, Fe, and Cr.
- the cation of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, tetraalkylammonium, dialkylimidazolium, trialkylimidazolium, tetraalkylimidazolium, alkylpyridinium, dialkylpyrrolidinium, dialkylpiperidinium, tetraalkylphosphonium, and Examples thereof include trialkylsulfonium.
- the anion of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, for example, BF 4 -, B (CN ) 4 -, CH 3 BF 3 -, CH 2 CHBF 3 -, CF 3 BF 3 -, C 2 F 5 BF 3 -, n-C 3 F 7 BF 3 -, n-C 4 F 9 BF 3 -, PF 6 -, CF 3 CO 2 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, n (SO 2 CF 3) 2 -, n (COCF 3) (SO 2 CF 3) -, N (SO 2 F) 2 -, N (CN) 2 -, C (CN) 3 -, SCN -, and SeCN - and the like.
- Such ionic liquid cations and anions may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene.
- the above-mentioned solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the functional layer 122a has a surface facing the negative electrode 130 and suppresses the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130. Since the solid-state battery 100 includes the functional layer 122a, it is possible to prevent metal from being deposited on the surface of the negative electrode 130 and dendrites from being formed on the surface of the negative electrode 130 when the precipitated metal is dissolved. .. As a result, problems such as short circuit and capacity reduction caused by the formation of dendrites on the negative electrode 130 can be suppressed, so that the solid-state battery 100 is excellent in cycle characteristics.
- “suppressing the formation of dendrite on the surface of the negative electrode” means that the precipitate of the carrier metal formed on the surface of the negative electrode by charging / discharging or repeating the charging / discharging of the solid-state battery becomes dendrite-like. It means to suppress that. In other words, it means that the precipitate of the carrier metal formed on the surface of the negative electrode by charging / discharging or repeating the charging / discharging of the solid-state battery is induced to grow in a non-dendritic state.
- the “non-dendritic shape” is not particularly limited, but is typically a plate shape, a valley shape, or a hill shape.
- the "layer having a surface facing the negative electrode” means a layer to which an area of at least 50% or more of the surface facing the negative electrode belongs among the surfaces of the solid electrolyte. Therefore, the functional layer 122a may be formed with holes within a range satisfying the above conditions. Further, when pores are formed in the functional layer 122a, the pores may be filled with the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121, may be filled with other components, or may be a gas, typically a gas. It may be filled with air.
- the surface of the solid electrolyte facing the negative electrode does not necessarily have to be in contact with the negative electrode. For example, a solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) described later exists between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode. May be.
- SEI layer solid electrolyte interface layer
- the surface of the solid electrolyte 120 facing the negative electrode 130 is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more. More preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 100% belong to the functional layer 122a.
- the average thickness of the functional layer 122a is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 9.0 ⁇ m or less. It is more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 8.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the functional layer 122a is not particularly limited as long as it suppresses the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130, but preferably has at least one of ionic conductivity and electron conductivity, and more preferably ionic conductivity. It has sex. Since the functional layer 122a has such an embodiment, the voltage applied to the interface between the functional layer 122a and the negative electrode 130 becomes more uniform in the surface direction of the negative electrode 130, so that dendrites are formed on the surface of the negative electrode 130. Can be further suppressed.
- the functional layer 122a preferably contains a second resin, a lithium salt, and a filler, and the second resin is a fluororesin having fluorine in the main chain, an aromatic resin having an aromatic ring in the main chain, and an imide resin. , At least one selected from the group consisting of amide-based resins and aramid-based resins. According to such an aspect, it is possible to further suppress the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130, which is considered to be due to the following factors. However, the factors are not limited to the following.
- the functional layer 122a contains the relatively rigid resin as described above, a rigid resin net is formed.
- the functional layer 122a further contains a lithium salt, the lithium salt is uniformly arranged on the rigid resin net, so that a uniform supply of lithium ions is generated in the surface direction on the surface of the negative electrode 130, and the lithium ions are uniformly supplied in the surface direction. Lithium metal foil precipitates.
- the functional layer 122a contains a filler, when non-uniform carrier metal precipitation occurs on the surface of the negative electrode 130 and dendrites are formed, the dendrites are directed from the functional layer 122a toward the negative electrode 130. Physical pressure works to suppress the growth of dendrites.
- lithium salt in the functional layer 122a are the same as those of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121.
- the filler in the functional layer 122a but are not limited to, for example, silica, metal oxides such as potassium titanate, and Al 2 O 3, metal fluorides such as FeF 3 and AlF 3, such as CaCO 3
- metal carbonates metal hydroxides such as Ca (OH) 2 and Mg (OH) 2 , nitrides such as AlN and BN, and fiber materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon fibers.
- the filler is preferably an inorganic salt from the viewpoint of further improving the interaction with the carrier metal and further suppressing the formation of dendrites.
- the filler is more preferably a metal hydroxide such as Ca (OH) 2 and Mg (OH) 2.
- the above fillers are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the second resin in the functional layer 122a may be 10% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, and 30% by mass with respect to the entire functional layer. It may be% or more and 70% by mass or less.
- the content of the lithium salt in the functional layer 122a is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 50.0 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the second resin. It is 0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less.
- the content of the lithium salt is in the above range, more uniform lithium ions are supplied to the surface of the negative electrode 130 in the surface direction, and a more uniform lithium metal foil is deposited in the surface direction.
- the content of the filler in the functional layer 122a is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 30.0 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more and 20.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the second resin. It is not more than parts by mass, and more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less.
- the filler content is in the above range, the growth of dendrite can be further suppressed.
- the functional layer 122a may contain components other than the second resin, the lithium salt, and the filler.
- a component include, but are not limited to, a resin other than the second resin, a salt other than the lithium salt, and a solvent.
- the resin other than the second resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those exemplified as the first resin.
- the salt and solvent other than the lithium salt are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those exemplified as the salt and solvent other than the lithium salt that can be contained in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121.
- the solid-state battery 100 of the present embodiment has the above-mentioned configuration, and therefore has a high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics as described below.
- the solid-state battery 100 of the present embodiment includes the solid electrolyte 120 having the functional layer 122a that suppresses the formation of dendrites, the metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode 130, and the deposited metal is deposited. It is possible to suppress the formation of dendrite on the surface of the negative electrode 130 when it is melted. As a result, problems such as short circuit and capacity reduction due to the formation of dendrites on the negative electrode 130 can be suppressed, so that the cycle characteristics are excellent.
- the factors of high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics are not limited to the above-mentioned reasons.
- the method for manufacturing the solid-state battery 100 is not particularly limited as long as it can manufacture a solid-state battery having the above configuration, and examples thereof include the following methods.
- the positive electrode 110 is manufactured as follows, for example.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, a known conductive auxiliary agent, and a known binder are mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- the compounding ratio is, for example, 50% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less of the positive electrode active material, 0.5% by mass or less of the conductive additive, and 0.5% by mass or less of the binder with respect to the entire positive electrode mixture. It may be mass% or less.
- the obtained positive electrode mixture is applied to one side of a metal foil (for example, Al foil) of, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less, and press-molded.
- the obtained molded body is punched to a predetermined size by punching to obtain a positive electrode 110.
- the conductive auxiliary agent for example, carbon black, single-wall carbon nanotube (SW-CNT), multi-wall carbon nanotube (MW-CNT), carbon nanofiber, acetylene black, or the like may be used.
- the binder for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylic resin, polyimide resin and the like may be used.
- a metal foil of 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less (for example, an electrolytic Cu foil) is washed with a solvent containing sulfamic acid, punched to a predetermined size, ultrasonically washed with ethanol, and then dried. Obtain a negative electrode.
- the solid electrolyte 120 is produced, for example, as follows.
- a resin conventionally used for the solid polymer electrolyte layer (for example, the first resin described above) and a lithium salt as described above are dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is obtained by casting the obtained solution onto a molding substrate so as to have a predetermined thickness.
- the blending ratio of the resin and the lithium salt may be determined by the ratio ([Li] / [O]) of the oxygen atom contained in the resin and the lithium atom contained in the lithium salt, as described above.
- the above ratio ([Li] / [O]) is, for example, 0.02 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but acetonitrile may be used, for example.
- the molding substrate is not particularly limited, but for example, a PET film or a glass substrate may be used.
- the thickness of the obtained solid polymer electrolyte layer is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the functional layer 122a is formed on one side of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as it can produce a functional layer that suppresses the formation of dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode 130, but the functional layer 122a can be formed as follows, for example.
- a mixture of the above-mentioned second resin, the above-mentioned lithium salt, and the above-mentioned filler is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the solid electrolyte 120 in which the functional layer 122a is arranged on the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 is obtained.
- the mixing ratio of the second resin, the lithium salt, and the filler is, for example, 1 part by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less of the lithium salt and 1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass of the filler with respect to 100 parts by mass of the second resin. It may be less than or equal to a mass part.
- the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121, the functional layer 122a, and the solid electrolyte 120 may be appropriately drilled.
- the solid-state battery 100 can be obtained by laminating the positive electrode 110, the solid electrolyte 120, and the negative electrode 130 obtained as described above so that the functional layer 122a faces the negative electrode 130 in this order.
- FIG. 2 shows one usage mode of the solid-state battery of the present embodiment.
- the solid-state battery 200 includes a positive electrode 110, a solid electrolyte 120 including a solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 and a functional layer 122a, and a negative electrode 130 having no negative electrode active material, and a positive electrode current collector 210 is bonded to the positive electrode 110. There is. A positive electrode terminal 230 and a negative electrode terminal 240 for connecting to an external circuit are joined to the positive electrode current collector 210 and the negative electrode 130.
- a solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) 220 is formed by initial charging.
- the SEI layer 220 formed is not particularly limited, but may contain, for example, an inorganic substance of the carrier metal and an organic substance of the carrier metal.
- the typical average thickness of the SEI layer is 1 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the solid-state battery 200 is charged by applying a voltage between the positive electrode terminal 230 and the negative electrode terminal 240 so that a current flows from the negative electrode terminal 240 to the positive electrode terminal 230 through an external circuit.
- carrier metal is deposited at the interface between the negative electrode 130 and the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) 220 and / or at the interface between the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) 220 and the functional layer 122a. Occurs.
- the precipitated carrier metal is suppressed from growing in a dendrite shape due to the influence of the functional layer 122a, and typically grows on the thin film.
- the solid-state battery 200 after charging, when the positive electrode terminal 230 and the negative electrode terminal 240 are connected, the solid-state battery 200 is discharged.
- the precipitation of the carrier metal generated at the interface between the negative electrode 130 and the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) 220 and / or the interface between the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) 220 and the functional layer 122a is dissolved.
- the functional layer 122a and the functional layer 122b are arranged on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121. That is, the functional layer 122a is formed on one surface (lower surface) of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121, and the functional layer 122b is formed on the other surface (upper surface) of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121. As a result, the functional layer 122a has a surface facing the negative electrode 130, and the functional layer 122b has a surface facing the positive electrode 110.
- the dendrite is directed toward the negative electrode 130 from the functional layer 122b with respect to the dendrite.
- the physical pressure and / or electrostatic interaction of the dendrites can work to suppress the growth of dendrites.
- the functional layer 122b is the same as the functional layer 122a, but only the arrangement is different.
- Such a solid-state battery 200 can be manufactured by forming the functional layers 122a and 122b on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 in the method for manufacturing the solid-state battery 100.
- the functional layer 122b does not have to be the same as the functional layer 122a, and for example, the material and the component ratio may be different from those of the functional layer 122a.
- the solid-state battery 400 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4A has a penetrating portion 122c, which is a portion in which the functional layer 122a is arranged so as to penetrate the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 in the stacking direction of the solid-state battery 400.
- a penetrating portion 122c which is a portion in which the functional layer 122a is arranged so as to penetrate the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 in the stacking direction of the solid-state battery 400.
- the penetrating portion 122c is the same as the functional layer 122a, but differs only in arrangement.
- the cross-sectional shape of the penetrating portion 122c is not particularly limited, but may be polygonal, circular, or elliptical.
- the cross-sectional area of the penetrating portion 122c is not particularly limited, but may be 1 ⁇ m 2 or more and 10 cm 2 or less, 10 ⁇ m 2 or more and 5 cm 2 or less, or 100 ⁇ m 2 or more and 1 cm 2 or less. ..
- the penetrating portion 122c does not have to be the same as the functional layer 122a, and for example, the material and the component ratio may be different from those of the functional layer 122a.
- the functional layer 122a is formed and the holes provided in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121.
- a hole is formed so as to penetrate the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 and the functional layer 122a, and the hole is further filled with the same material as the functional layer 122a. It may be manufactured by forming the penetrating portion 122c.
- the functional layer 122a and the functional layer 122b are connected by a penetrating portion 122c. According to such an aspect, the effect of combining the effects of the second embodiment and the third embodiment is produced. That is, it is possible to further suppress the dendrite formed on the surface of the negative electrode 130 from reaching the positive electrode 110 and short-circuiting inside the battery, and further suppress the formation of dendrite on the surface of the negative electrode 130. Can be done.
- the functional layer 122a and the functional layer 122b are formed on both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121. At the same time, it can be manufactured by filling the holes provided in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121 with the same material as the functional layer 122a and the functional layer 122b to form the penetrating portion 122c.
- the solid-state battery 410 may be manufactured by filling the layer 122a with the same material to form the penetration portion 122c.
- the present embodiment is an example for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the present embodiment, and the present invention can be modified in various ways as long as it does not deviate from the gist thereof. ..
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment may be a solid-state secondary battery.
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment may be a lithium secondary battery in which lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode on which the SEI layer is formed and charging / discharging is performed by dissolving the precipitated lithium. good.
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment is preferably a solid-state secondary battery, and more preferably, lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode on which the SEI layer is formed. , And a lithium secondary battery in which charging and discharging are performed by dissolving the precipitated lithium.
- a lithium foil may not be formed between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode before the initial charging.
- a lithium foil is not formed between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode before the initial charging, it is not necessary to use a highly flammable lithium metal during production. It is a solid-state battery with excellent safety and productivity.
- the solid-state battery of this embodiment may have a solvent.
- the solvent include, but are not limited to, the same as the examples of the solvent that can be contained in the solid polymer electrolyte layer 121.
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment may have a current collector arranged so as to be in contact with the negative electrode or the positive electrode.
- a current collector is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a current collector that can be used as a negative electrode material.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode themselves act as current collectors.
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment may have a closed container for sealing the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte, and the negative electrode.
- the solid-state battery preferably has a closed container.
- a closed container is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an exterior body such as a laminated film.
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment may be provided with terminals for connecting to an external circuit on the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- metal terminals of 10 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less (for example, Al, Ni, etc.) may be bonded to one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively.
- the bonding method a conventionally known method may be used, and for example, ultrasonic welding may be used.
- the solid-state battery of the present embodiment may be a two-layer solid-state battery in which solid electrolytes are provided on both sides of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is arranged on the surface of each solid electrolyte opposite to the surface facing the negative electrode.
- the usage mode of the solid-state battery of the present embodiment described above is also an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the SEI layer may not be formed when the solid-state battery of the present embodiment is used.
- high energy density or “high energy density” means that the capacity per total volume or total mass of a battery is high, but is preferably 900 Wh / L or more or 400 Wh. It is / kg or more, more preferably 1000 Wh / L or more or 430 Wh / kg or more.
- excellent in cycle characteristics means that the rate of decrease in battery capacity is low before and after the number of charge / discharge cycles that can be expected in normal use. That is, when comparing the initial capacity with the capacity after the number of charge / discharge cycles that can be expected in normal use, it means that the capacity after the charge / discharge cycle is hardly reduced with respect to the initial capacity. ..
- the "number of times that can be assumed in normal use” is, for example, 50 times, 100 times, 500 times, 1000 times, 5000 times, or 10000 times, depending on the application in which the solid-state battery is used.
- the capacity after the charge / discharge cycle is hardly reduced with respect to the initial capacity depends on the application in which the solid-state battery is used, but for example, the capacity after the charge / discharge cycle is relative to the initial capacity. It means that it is 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more.
- Example 1 96 parts by mass of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 as a positive electrode active material, 2 parts by mass of carbon black as a conductive auxiliary agent, and 2 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder were mixed. The product was applied to one side of a 12 ⁇ m Al foil and press-molded. The obtained molded body was punched to a size of 4.0 cm ⁇ 4.0 cm by punching to obtain a positive electrode.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- an ethylene oxide / ethylene glycol ether copolymer (hereinafter, also referred to as “P (EO / MEEGE)”) (average molecular weight of 1.5 million) and LiN (SO 2 F) 2 (hereinafter, also referred to as “LFSI”). ) was dissolved in ethylene oxide at a blending ratio such that the ratio ([Li] / [O]) of the oxygen atom contained in the resin to the lithium atom contained in the lithium salt was 0.07.
- the obtained solution was cast onto a molding substrate to a predetermined thickness to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte layer.
- a laminate was obtained by laminating the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte, and the negative electrode obtained as described above so that the functional layer faces the negative electrode in this order. Further, 100 ⁇ m Al terminals and 100 ⁇ m Ni terminals were bonded to the positive electrode and the negative electrode by ultrasonic welding, respectively, and then inserted into the outer body of the laminate. Next, a dimethoxyethane (DME) solution of 4M LFSI was injected into the above exterior body as an electrolytic solution. A solid state battery was obtained by sealing the exterior body.
- DME dimethoxyethane
- Example 2 At the time of forming the functional layer, Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to the aramid instead of the mixture in which Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so that the respective contents were 5% by mass.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a solid-state battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture added so that the content of each was 5% by mass was used.
- Example 3 At the time of forming the functional layer , instead of the mixture in which Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so that the respective contents were 5% by mass, Mg (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) was added. A solid cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture in which OH) 2 and LFSI were added so as to have a content of 5% by mass was used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 4 At the time of forming the functional layer , Mg (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to the aramid instead of the mixture in which Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so that the respective contents were 5% by mass.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 5 At the time of forming the functional layer , instead of the mixture in which Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so that the respective contents were 5% by mass, Mg (OH) 2 and LiSO 3 were added to aramid.
- Example 1 except that a mixture of CF 3 (hereinafter, also referred to as “LiTA”) and LFSI added so as to have contents of 2% by mass, 3% by mass, and 5% by mass, respectively, was used.
- LiTA CF 3
- a solid-state battery was obtained in the same manner as above.
- Example 6 At the time of forming the functional layer, Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so as to have a content of 5% by mass instead of the mixture, and Ca (PVDF) was added to Ca (PVDF).
- a solid battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture in which OH) 2 and LiF were added so as to have a content of 5% by mass was used.
- Example 7 At the time of forming the functional layer, Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so as to have a content of 5% by mass instead of the mixture, and Ca (PVDF) was added to Ca (PVDF).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- OH A solid cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture containing 2 , LiF, and LFSI was added so as to have contents of 2% by mass, 3% by mass, and 5% by mass, respectively. Obtained.
- LFSI liquid polyvinylidene fluoride
- Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so that the respective contents were 5% by mass, instead of the mixture, and Ca was added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 9 At the time of forming the functional layer, Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so as to have a content of 5% by mass instead of the mixture, and Ca (PVDF) was added to Ca (PVDF).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a solid battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture in which OH) 2 and LiTA were added so as to have a content of 5% by mass was used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- Example 2 Same as in Example 1 except that a mixture in which Mg (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so as to have a content of 3% by mass was used instead of the mixture added to. And obtained a solid-state battery.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 11 At the time of forming the solid polymer electrolyte layer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used instead of the mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and LFSI and LiN (SO 2) were used instead of LFSI.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- SO 2 LiN
- Example 12 At the time of forming the functional layer, Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to the polyimide instead of the mixture in which Ca (OH) 2 and LFSI were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) so that the respective contents were 5% by mass.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a solid-state battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture added so that the content of each was 3% by mass was used.
- DME 4M LFSI dimethoxyethane
- TTFE tetrafluoroethylene tetrafluoropropyl ether
- DME 4M LFSI dimethoxyethane
- TTFE tetrafluoroethylene tetrafluoropropyl ether
- DME 4M LFSI dimethoxyethane
- TTFE tetrafluoroethylene tetrafluoropropyl ether
- Example 1 A solid-state battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 25 ⁇ m polyethylene microporous film was used instead of the solid electrolyte.
- Example 2 A solid-state battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the functional layer was not formed on the solid polymer electrolyte layer.
- the produced solid-state battery was charged at 7 mA until the voltage reached 4.2 V, and then discharged at 7 mA until the voltage reached 3.0 V (hereinafter referred to as “initial discharge”). Then, the cycle of charging at 35 mA until the voltage reached 4.2 V and then discharging at 35 mA until the voltage reached 3.0 V was repeated 100 cycles in an environment at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the capacity obtained from the initial discharge (hereinafter referred to as “initial capacity”) and the capacity obtained from the discharge after 100 cycles (hereinafter referred to as “capacity retention rate”). ..
- a value is shown with the initial capacity of Comparative Example 1 as 100.
- the initial capacity of Comparative Example 1 was 70 mWh.
- the solid-state battery of the present invention Since the solid-state battery of the present invention has a high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics, it has industrial applicability as a power storage device used for various purposes.
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Abstract
Description
(固体電池)
図1に示す第1の本実施形態の固体電池100は、正極110と、固体電解質120と、負極活物質を有しない負極130とを備える。固体電解質120は、固体ポリマー電解質層121と、負極130に対向する面を有し、負極130の表面にデンドライトが形成されることを抑制する機能層122aとを有する。
正極110としては、一般的に固体電池に用いられるものであれば、特に限定されないが、固体電池の用途及びキャリア金属の種類によって、公知の材料を適宜選択することができる。固体電池100の安定性及び出力電圧を高める観点から、正極110は、好ましくは正極活物質を有する。
負極130は、負極活物質を有しないものである。負極活物質を有する負極を備える固体電池は、その負極活物質の存在に起因して、エネルギー密度を高めることが困難である。一方、本実施形態の固体電池100は負極活物質を有しない負極130を備えるため、そのような問題が生じない。すなわち、本実施形態の固体電池100は、金属が負極130の表面に析出し、及び、その析出した金属が溶解することによって充放電が行われるため、エネルギー密度が高い。
固体電池100は、固体電解質120を備える。固体電解質120は、固体ポリマー電解質層121と、負極130に対向する面を有し、負極130の表面にデンドライトが形成されることを抑制する機能層122aとを有するものである。一般に、液体電解質を備える電池は、液体の揺らぎに起因して、電解質から負極表面に対してかかる物理的圧力が場所によって異なる。一方、固体電池100は、固体電解質120を備えるため、固体電解質120から負極130表面にかかる圧力が一層均一なものとなり、負極130の表面にデンドライトが形成されることを一層抑制することができる。
固体電池100の製造方法としては、上述の構成を備える固体電池を製造することができる方法であれば特に限定されないが、例えば以下のような方法が挙げられる。
図2に本実施形態の固体電池の1つの使用態様を示す。固体電池200は、正極110と、固体ポリマー電解質層121及び機能層122aを含む固体電解質120と、負極活物質を有しない負極130とを備え、正極110には正極集電体210が接合されている。正極集電体210及び負極130には外部回路に接続するための正極端子230及び負極端子240が接合されている。固体電池200は、初期充電により固体電解質界面層(SEI層)220が形成されている。形成されるSEI層220は、特に限定されないが、例えば、キャリア金属の無機物及びキャリア金属の有機物を含んでいてもよい。SEI層の典型的な平均厚さとしては、1nm以上10μm以下である。
図3に示す第2の本実施形態の固体電池300は、機能層122a及び機能層122bが固体ポリマー電解質層121の両面に配置されている。すなわち、固体ポリマー電解質層121の一方の面(下面)に機能層122aが形成され、固体ポリマー電解質層121の他方の面(上面)に機能層122bが形成されている。これにより、機能層122aは、負極130に対向する面を有し、機能層122bは、正極110に対向する面を有する。そのような態様によれば、負極130の表面にデンドライトが形成された場合であっても、デンドライトが機能層122bに到達した際に、そのデンドライトに対して機能層122bから負極130に向かう方向への物理的圧力及び/又は静電的相互作用が働き、デンドライトの成長を抑制することができる。その結果、負極130の表面に形成されたデンドライトが、正極110に到達し、電池内部で短絡することを一層抑制することができる。
図4Aに示す第3の本実施形態の固体電池400は、機能層122aが固体ポリマー電解質層121を固体電池400の積層方向に貫通するように配置された部分である貫通部122cを有する。そのような態様によれば、少なくとも貫通部122cにおいて均一なリチウムイオン伝導が生じるため、負極130の表面において、面方向に一層均一なリチウムイオンの供給が生じ、デンドライトの形成を一層抑制することができる。
図4Bに示す第4の本実施形態の固体電池410は、貫通部122cにより機能層122aと機能層122bとが接続されている。そのような態様によれば、第2の本実施形態及び第3の本実施形態の効果を組み合わせた効果を奏する。すなわち、負極130の表面に形成されたデンドライトが正極110に到達して電池内部で短絡することを一層抑制することができ、かつ、負極130の表面にデンドライトが形成されることを一層抑制することができる。
正極活物質としてLiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2を96質量部、導電助剤としてカーボンブラックを2質量部、及びバインダーとしてポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)を2質量部混合したものを、12μmのAl箔の片面に塗布し、プレス成型した。得られた成型体を、打ち抜き加工により、4.0cm×4.0cmの大きさに打ち抜き、正極を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、アラミドにCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にMg(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、アラミドにMg(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、アラミドにMg(OH)2、LiSO3CF3(以下、「LiTA」ともいう。)、及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が2質量%、3質量%、及び5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLiFをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2、LiF、及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が2質量%、3質量%、及び5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
固体ポリマー電解質層形成時において、LFSIに代えて、LFSI及びLiN(SO2CF3)2(以下、「LTFSI」ともいう。)の混合物(LFSI:LTFSI=50:50(質量%))を用い、機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2、LiF、及びLiNO3をそれぞれの含有量が2質量%、3質量%、及び5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLiTAをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
固体ポリマー電解質層形成時において、エチレンオキサイド/エチレングリコールエーテル共重合体(P(EO/MEEGE))(平均分子量150万)に代えて、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)及びヘキサフロロプロピレン(HFP)の混合物(PVDF:HFP=80:20(体積%))を用い、機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にMg(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が3質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
固体ポリマー電解質層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)及びヘキサフロロプロピレン(HFP)の混合物に代えて、ポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)を用い、更にLFSIに代えて、LFSI及びLiN(SO2CF3)2(LTFSI)の混合物(LFSI:LTFSI=50:50(質量%))を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様にして固体電池を得た。
機能層形成時において、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)にCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が5質量%になるように添加した混合物に代え、ポリイミドにCa(OH)2及びLFSIをそれぞれの含有量が3質量%になるように添加した混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
外装体に注入する電解液として、4M LFSIのジメトキシエタン(DME)溶液に代えて、4M LFSIのジメトキシエタン(DME)-テトラフルオロエチレンテトラフルオロプロピルエーテル(TTFE)溶液(DME:TTFE=90:10(体積%))を用いたこと以外は、実施例8と同様にして固体電池を得た。
外装体に注入する電解液として、4M LFSIのジメトキシエタン(DME)溶液に代えて、4M LFSIのジメトキシエタン(DME)-テトラフルオロエチレンテトラフルオロプロピルエーテル(TTFE)溶液(DME:TTFE=90:10(体積%))を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様にして固体電池を得た。
外装体に注入する電解液として、4M LFSIのジメトキシエタン(DME)溶液に代えて、4M LFSIのジメトキシエタン(DME)-テトラフルオロエチレンテトラフルオロプロピルエーテル(TTFE)溶液(DME:TTFE=90:10(体積%))を用いたこと以外は、実施例12と同様にして固体電池を得た。
固体電解質に代え、25μmのポリエチレン製微多孔質フィルムを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
固体ポリマー電解質層上に機能層を形成しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして固体電池を得た。
以下のようにして、各実施例及び比較例で作製した固体電池のエネルギー密度及びサイクル特性を評価した。
Claims (14)
- 正極と、固体電解質と、負極活物質を有しない負極と、を備え、
前記固体電解質は、固体ポリマー電解質層と、少なくとも前記負極に対向する面を有し、当該負極の表面にデンドライトが形成されることを抑制する機能層とを有する、
固体電池。 - 前記機能層が、前記固体ポリマー電解質層の片面のみに配置されている、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記機能層が、前記固体ポリマー電解質層の両面に配置されている、請求項1記載の固体電池。
- 前記機能層が、前記固体ポリマー電解質層を貫通するように配置された部分を有する、請求項2又は3のいずれかに記載の固体電池。
- 前記固体電池は、リチウム金属が前記負極の表面に析出し、及び、その析出したリチウムが溶解することによって充放電が行われるリチウム2次電池である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。
- 前記負極は、リチウムを含有しない電極である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。
- 初期充電の前に、前記固体電解質と、前記負極との間にリチウム箔が形成されていない、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。
- 前記固体ポリマー電解質層は、イオン伝導性を有し、電子伝導性を有さず、かつ導電率が0.10mS/cm以上であり、
前記機能層は、イオン伝導性及び電子伝導性の少なくとも一方を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。 - 前記固体ポリマー電解質層は、第1の樹脂、及びリチウム塩を含み、前記第1の樹脂は、主鎖及び/又は側鎖にエチレンオキサイドユニットを有する樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ビニル樹脂、エステル樹脂、及びナイロン樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種以上であり、
前記機能層は、第2の樹脂、リチウム塩、及びフィラーを含み、前記第2の樹脂は、主鎖にフッ素を有するフッ素樹脂、主鎖に芳香環を有する芳香族系樹脂、イミド系樹脂、アミド系樹脂、及びアラミド系樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。 - 前記フィラーは、無機塩である、請求項9記載の固体電池。
- 前記機能層のリチウム塩の含有量が、前記第2の樹脂100質量部に対して、0.5質量部以上50.0質量部以下である、請求項9又は10のいずれかに記載の固体電池。
- 前記フィラーの含有量が、前記第2の樹脂100質量部に対して、0.5質量部以上30.0質量部以下である、請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。
- 前記機能層の負極に対向する面の平均厚さが、0.5μm以上10.0μm以下である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。
- 前記正極は、正極活物質を有する、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の固体電池。
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US20170222244A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Solid electrolyte and lithium battery comprising the solid electrolyte |
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JPH08329983A (ja) * | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | リチウム電池 |
KR20030042288A (ko) * | 2001-11-22 | 2003-05-28 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 가교 고분자 보호박막을 갖춘 리튬 고분자 이차 전지 및그 제조 방법 |
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