WO2021175171A1

WO2021175171A1 - Flexible optical fiber, preparation method, and drivable laser scalpel based on optical fiber

Info

Publication number: WO2021175171A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/078376
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陶光明; 杨广中; 高安柱; 任志禾
Original assignee: 华中科技大学; 上海交通大学
Priority date: 2020-03-02
Filing date: 2021-03-01
Publication date: 2021-09-10
Also published as: CN111580230A

Abstract

A flexible optical fiber (300) and a drivable laser scalpel. The flexible optical fiber (300) comprise an optical fiber structure located on the inner side and a flexible enhancement layer wrapping the optical fiber structure. The optical fiber structure has an energy transfer function and an information transfer function. The flexible enhancement layer comprises at least two layers, comprising, for example, an innermost layer (32), an intermediate layer (33), and an outermost layer (31), and the outermost layer (31) of the flexible enhancement layer has low rigidity. The design of the flexible enhancement layer can improve the bending capability of the optical fiber without significantly affecting the function of the optical fiber, and can also enable a selectable range of the outermost layer material of the optical fiber to be wider. The drivable laser scalpel comprises a plurality of disc-shaped bodies (100) arranged at intervals in an axial direction, driving wires (200) connected to the disc-shaped bodies (100), and the flexible optical fiber (300) sequentially penetrating through the disc-shaped bodies (100). The flexible optical fiber (300) has a laser transmission function, and the driving wires (200) are used for controlling relative movement between the disc-shaped bodies (100). The drivable laser scalpel has the functions of transmitting high-power laser, morphological sensing, visual servo-based attitude control, etc.

Description

柔性光纤、制备方法及基于该光纤的可驱动激光手术刀Flexible optical fiber, preparation method and driveable laser scalpel based on the optical fiber

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及一种光纤及其制备方法以及其应用领域，特别是涉及一种柔性光纤及其制备方法、以及基于该光纤的可驱动激光手术刀。The invention relates to an optical fiber and a preparation method thereof and its application field, in particular to a flexible optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, and a driveable laser scalpel based on the optical fiber.

背景技术Background technique

随着医学技术的发展，对手术过程中操作的精准性、灵活性提出了更高的要求。例如以前切口大小在10cm-20cm的脊柱手术，基于微创手术概念的发展，手术的切口已经可以缩小到3cm-5cm。通过缩小创口，可以降低病人的损伤、加快病人愈合的速度，但同时对手术操作器械的精准度、灵活度提出了更高的要求。With the development of medical technology, higher requirements are put forward for the accuracy and flexibility of operations during surgery. For example, the previous spine surgery with an incision size of 10cm-20cm, based on the development of the concept of minimally invasive surgery, the surgical incision can be reduced to 3cm-5cm. By reducing the wound, the patient's injury can be reduced and the speed of the patient's healing can be accelerated, but at the same time, higher requirements are put forward for the accuracy and flexibility of surgical instruments.

激光技术的发展使得激光医疗近年来愈发火热。基于激光的消融方案相比传统的机械切割方案，具有感染风险低、创口小、疼痛小的优势，广泛应用于牙科、耳鼻喉科等领域。但目前医学上常用的消融性激光，例如用于牙科手术的Er:YAG激光(2.94μm)、用于耳鼻喉手术的CO2激光(10.6μm)，波长都处于红外波段，主要的传输方式是采用空心内部镀银的导光臂进行传输，其只能在关节处弯曲，弯曲角度也有一定限制，无法进入体内狭窄曲折的腔道。因此也有采用光纤来传输激光的方案，而常用的石英光纤由于石英在红外波段存在较高的损耗而无法使用，目前主要使用的中红外传能光纤均存在材料刚度高且柔韧性不足的问题，无法实现在狭窄通道内的有效弯曲，极大程度地限制了激光在外科手术中的应用。The development of laser technology has made laser medicine more and more popular in recent years. Compared with traditional mechanical cutting solutions, laser-based ablation schemes have the advantages of lower infection risk, less wounds, and less pain, and are widely used in dentistry, ENT and other fields. However, the currently commonly used ablative lasers in medicine, such as Er:YAG laser (2.94μm) for dental surgery and CO2 laser (10.6μm) for ear, nose and throat surgery, have wavelengths in the infrared band, and the main transmission method is to use The silver-plated light guide arm inside the hollow transmits, and it can only be bent at the joints, and the bending angle is also limited to a certain extent, and it cannot enter the narrow and tortuous cavity of the body. Therefore, there are also solutions to use optical fibers to transmit lasers. The commonly used quartz fibers cannot be used due to the high loss of quartz in the infrared band. Currently, the mid-infrared energy transmission fibers mainly used have the problems of high material rigidity and insufficient flexibility. The inability to achieve effective bending in narrow channels greatly limits the application of lasers in surgery.

公开号为CN102976607B的中国发明专利提供了一种硫系玻璃光纤。这种光纤通过内层硫系玻璃的芯包结构引导红外激光沿轴向传输。但由于硫系玻璃材料的刚度高，此类光纤难以弯曲，并且容易被折断。The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN102976607B provides a chalcogenide glass optical fiber. This kind of optical fiber guides the infrared laser to transmit in the axial direction through the core-wrap structure of the inner chalcogenide glass. However, due to the high rigidity of chalcogenide glass materials, such optical fibers are difficult to bend and are easily broken.

公开号为CN1726414A的中国发明专利申请提供了一种空芯传能光纤，通过聚合物与硫系玻璃周期***替形成的光子带隙结构将红外激光束缚在光纤中。但此类光纤为了保持内层约束光的光子带隙结构不因为外侧弯曲破坏，必须采用刚度较强的聚合物材料。一旦采用刚度较强的聚合物材料，光纤整体的弯曲难度又会提高。目前用于制备这种纤维的聚合物材料为PEI和PES，这两种聚合物材料的杨氏模量分别为13445MPa和2689MPa，聚合物材料里面刚度较低的PVDF的杨氏模量仅有380Mpa。The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN1726414A provides a hollow-core energy-transmitting optical fiber, which confines the infrared laser in the optical fiber through a photonic band gap structure formed periodically alternately formed by polymer and chalcogenide glass. However, in order to keep the photonic bandgap structure of the inner layer confining light from being damaged by the outer side of this type of optical fiber, a polymer material with stronger rigidity must be used. Once a polymer material with strong rigidity is used, the overall bending difficulty of the optical fiber will increase. The polymer materials currently used to prepare this fiber are PEI and PES. The Young's modulus of these two polymer materials are 13445MPa and 2689MPa, respectively. The Young's modulus of PVDF, which has a lower stiffness in the polymer material, is only 380Mpa. .

公开号为CN102360096A的中国发明专利申请提供了一种双层涂覆方案，通过在光纤表面涂覆柔性材料，达到降低光纤弯曲半径的效果。但是涂覆方案存在两个问题：1，涂覆是对拉制光纤的二次加工，涂覆的厚度取决于光纤经过涂覆杯的速度和涂覆物质粘度，如果涂覆装置和拉丝装置放在一条生产线上，那么会对整体的拉丝速度产生一定的限制。2，涂覆对涂覆物质的粘度有较高的要求，而涂覆层的厚度的可控性不强。因此必须在制备光纤预制棒阶段将柔性物质混杂入光纤预制棒，达到一次性加工制备出具有高柔性光纤的目标。The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN102360096A provides a double-layer coating scheme, which reduces the bending radius of the optical fiber by coating a flexible material on the surface of the optical fiber. However, there are two problems with the coating scheme: 1. Coating is the secondary processing of the drawn optical fiber. The thickness of the coating depends on the speed at which the optical fiber passes through the coating cup and the viscosity of the coating material. In a production line, there will be a certain limit on the overall drawing speed. 2. Coating has higher requirements on the viscosity of the coating material, but the controllability of the thickness of the coating layer is not strong. Therefore, it is necessary to mix flexible substances into the optical fiber preform in the stage of preparing the optical fiber preform to achieve the goal of preparing a highly flexible optical fiber by one-time processing.

公开号为US20140090506A1的美国发明专利申请提供了一种蛇形驱动机械臂，实现了机器人末端的柔性驱动。这种驱动方式对比传统的刚度机械臂驱动方式，存在可重复定位精度和高额定载荷的下降。因此如果希望运用这种方式驱动激光手术刀，需要降低激光手术刀本身的刚度并辅以传感器弥补可重复定位精度的下降。而现有的激光手术刀，其手术刀自身的柔性和活动范围，很难达到高精细手术的要求。The US invention patent application with publication number US20140090506A1 provides a serpentine drive manipulator, which realizes the flexible drive of the end of the robot. Compared with the traditional rigid manipulator drive method, this driving method has a decrease in repeatable positioning accuracy and high rated load. Therefore, if it is desired to drive the laser scalpel in this way, it is necessary to reduce the rigidity of the laser scalpel itself and supplement the sensor to compensate for the decrease in repeatable positioning accuracy. However, with the existing laser scalpels, the flexibility and range of motion of the scalpel itself are difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision surgery.

因此如果能从结构上在光纤外层引入更多的高柔性聚合物材料，就能显著降低光纤的弯曲难度，进而拓展光纤的应用范围，并且使得目前的激光手术刀的驱动方案可以适用于此类光纤，为激光手术术式的进一步拓展打下了基础。Therefore, if more highly flexible polymer materials can be introduced into the outer layer of the optical fiber structurally, the bending difficulty of the optical fiber can be significantly reduced, and the application range of the optical fiber can be expanded, and the current driving scheme of laser scalpel can be applied to this Fiber-like, lay the foundation for the further expansion of laser surgery.

发明内容Summary of the invention

有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种能够选取更多可用材料，并且能够同时降低光纤机械刚度的柔性光纤，其制备方法及其在可驱动激光手术刀上的应用，具有该柔性光纤的可驱动激光手术刀，可同时具有组织激光消融、照明或传感等多种功能。In view of this, the present invention provides a flexible optical fiber that can select more available materials and can reduce the mechanical stiffness of the optical fiber at the same time, its preparation method and its application on a driveable laser scalpel, and the driveable flexible optical fiber The laser scalpel can have multiple functions such as tissue laser ablation, illumination or sensing at the same time.

为了解决上述问题，本发明实施例主要提供如下技术方案：In order to solve the foregoing problems, the embodiments of the present invention mainly provide the following technical solutions:

一种柔性光纤，其特征在于：包括A flexible optical fiber, which is characterized in that it comprises

位于中心的光纤结构，所述光纤结构具有高功率激光传输功能；The optical fiber structure located in the center, the optical fiber structure has a high-power laser transmission function;

包裹所述光纤结构的柔性增强层，所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，并且所述柔性增强层中的最外层具有低刚度；A flexible reinforced layer wrapping the optical fiber structure, the flexible reinforced layer includes at least two layers, and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer has low rigidity;

所述柔性增强层与所述光纤结构的最外层中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能。Among the flexible reinforcement layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, adjacent layers have similar rheological properties.

作为本申请的另一实施方式，一种柔性光纤，其特征在于：包括As another embodiment of the present application, a flexible optical fiber is characterized in that:

位于内侧的至少两个光纤结构，所述至少两个光纤结构的其中之一具有高功率激光传输功能；At least two optical fiber structures located on the inner side, one of the at least two optical fiber structures having a high-power laser transmission function;

包裹所述至少两个光纤结构的柔性增强层，所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，并且柔性增强层中的最外层具有低刚度；A flexible reinforced layer wrapping the at least two optical fiber structures, the flexible reinforced layer includes at least two layers, and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer has low rigidity;

优选的，所述光纤结构为阶跃折射率光纤结构、渐变折射率光纤结构、或者微结构光纤结构。Preferably, the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, a graded-index optical fiber structure, or a micro-structure optical fiber structure.

优选的，所述柔性增强层的最外层材料在常温下的杨氏模量低于1000Mpa，并且所述柔性增强层中的各层与所述光纤结构的最外层中，每相邻的两层材料之间，在光纤拉制温度时的粘度差在两个数量级之内。Preferably, the outermost material of the flexible reinforcement layer has a Young's modulus at room temperature lower than 1000Mpa, and each layer in the flexible reinforcement layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure are adjacent to each other. The difference in viscosity between the two layers of materials at the fiber drawing temperature is within two orders of magnitude.

优选的，光纤中所有材料在光纤拉制温度时的粘度均在10 ²泊-10 ⁷泊范围内，所述光纤拉制温度为60℃-600℃。 Preferably, all of the fiber material viscosity at fiber draw temperatures are in the ¹⁰² ^-107 poises poises, the fiber drawing temperature of 60 ℃ -600 ℃.

优选的，所述柔性增强层材料均为聚合物材料或者改性聚合物材料。Preferably, the materials of the flexible reinforcement layer are all polymer materials or modified polymer materials.

优选的，所述改性聚合物材料通过在聚合物材料中复合辅助材料得到，所述辅助材料包括弹性橡胶体、无机物、碳酸脂类、砜类、醚酰亚胺类、丙烯酸脂类，或者含氟聚合物中的任一种。Preferably, the modified polymer material is obtained by compounding auxiliary materials in a polymer material, and the auxiliary materials include elastic rubber bodies, inorganic substances, carbonates, sulfones, ether imides, and acrylics, Or any of fluoropolymers.

所述聚合物材料包括碳酸脂类、砜类、醚酰亚胺类、丙烯酸脂类，或者含氟聚合物中的任一种，并且辅助材料与聚合物材料不同。The polymer material includes any one of carbonates, sulfones, etherimides, acrylics, or fluoropolymers, and the auxiliary material is different from the polymer material.

优选的，所述光纤结构的最外层以及柔性增强层中，各层的杨氏模量从内向外依次降低。Preferably, in the outermost layer and the flexible reinforcing layer of the optical fiber structure, the Young's modulus of each layer decreases sequentially from the inside to the outside.

优选的，所述光纤结构为光子带隙光纤结构，所述光纤结构包括位于中心的空气纤芯以及包围所述空气纤芯的包层，所述包层为高折射率材料和低折射率材料依次多层交替层叠的结构。Preferably, the optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap optical fiber structure, and the optical fiber structure includes an air core located at the center and a cladding layer surrounding the air core, and the cladding layer is made of a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material A structure in which multiple layers are alternately stacked in sequence.

优选的，所述柔性增强层中的最外层为一层，并且同时包裹所述至少两个光纤结构，所述柔性增强层中的最内层分别包裹所述至少两个光纤结构。Preferably, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer is one layer, and simultaneously wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, and the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer respectively wraps the at least two optical fiber structures.

优选的，所述柔性增强层还包括中间层时，所述中间层单独包裹所述至少两个光纤结构，或者所述中间层同时包裹部分所述至少两个光纤结构，或者所述中间层同时包裹所有光纤结构。Preferably, when the flexible reinforcement layer further includes an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer individually wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps part of the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously Wrap all optical fiber structures.

优选的，所述柔性增强层的最外层中设有纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器用于传感纤维的弯曲状态，所述纤维态形态传感器材料的软化温度在600℃以上，且不会因为600℃以下的温度变化导致功能失效。Preferably, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer is provided with a fiber state morphology sensor, the fiber state morphology sensor is used to sense the bending state of the fiber, and the softening temperature of the fiber state morphology sensor material is above 600°C, And it will not cause function failure due to temperature changes below 600°C.

一种柔性光纤的制备方法，包括：A method for preparing a flexible optical fiber, including:

S1，制备光纤结构的预制棒结构；S1, preparing the preform structure of the optical fiber structure;

S2，在所述预制棒结构的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到内层预制棒；S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the preform structure to obtain an inner preform;

S3，制备至少一个空心套管，该空心套管为柔性增强层中的其他层，并将空心套管嵌套于内层预制棒外侧得到最终的光纤预制棒；该至少一个空心套管中的最外层材料具有较低的刚度，并且该光纤结构中最外层、柔性增强层中的最内层与至少一个空心套管中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能；S3, preparing at least one hollow sleeve, which is another layer in the flexible reinforcement layer, and nesting the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain the final optical fiber preform; The outermost material has lower rigidity, and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer and the at least one hollow sleeve, the adjacent layers have similar rheological properties;

S4，拉制所述光纤预制棒，所述光纤预制棒的拉制温度为60℃-600℃。S4, drawing the optical fiber preform, and the drawing temperature of the optical fiber preform is 60°C-600°C.

优选的，如果所述光纤结构为阶跃折射率光纤结构时，步骤S1具体包括制作内侧为纤芯材料，外侧为包层材料的预制棒结构；Preferably, if the optical fiber structure is a step index optical fiber structure, step S1 specifically includes making a preform structure with a core material on the inner side and a cladding material on the outer side;

如果所述内侧的光纤结构为光子带隙结构，步骤S1具体包括If the inner fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, step S1 specifically includes

S11：制备分别为高折射率材料和低折射率材料的双层薄膜；S11: Preparation of double-layer films made of high refractive index materials and low refractive index materials;

S12：将双层薄膜沿圆棒连续卷绕，形成高折射率材料和低折射率材料交替层叠的螺旋状包层结构，并且需要在步骤S4拉制前，去掉所述中心圆棒。S12: The double-layer film is continuously wound along a round rod to form a spiral cladding structure in which high refractive index materials and low refractive index materials are alternately laminated, and the central round rod needs to be removed before drawing in step S4.

优选的，所述步骤S2具体为，S21：在预制棒结构外卷绕最内层材料，形成所述柔性增强层的最内层；S22：将卷绕好最内层材料的预制棒结构进行加热，使各层之间熔融，冷却后即得到所述内层预制棒。Preferably, the step S2 is specifically, S21: winding the innermost layer of material outside the preform structure to form the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer; S22: performing the structure of the preform with the innermost layer of material wound Heating to melt the layers, and cooling to obtain the inner layer preform.

优选的，所述步骤S3具体为，S31：选取与最内层流变性能类似但刚度较弱的至少一种材料；S32：将所述至少一种材料制得至少一个空心套管，该至少一个空心套管具有空孔；S33：将至少一个空心套管与内侧的内层预制棒依次嵌套并且熔合在一起。Preferably, the step S3 is specifically, S31: selecting at least one material with rheological properties similar to the innermost layer but weaker rigidity; S32: making at least one hollow casing from the at least one material, which is at least One hollow sleeve has a hole; S33: at least one hollow sleeve and the inner inner preform are nested in sequence and fused together.

优选的，光纤结构最外层材料的杨氏模量、所述步骤S2中选取的最内层材料的杨氏模量、以及步骤S3中选取的至少一种材料的杨氏模量，从内向外依次降低。Preferably, the Young's modulus of the outermost material of the optical fiber structure, the Young's modulus of the innermost material selected in step S2, and the Young's modulus of at least one material selected in step S3 are from the inner The outside is lowered in turn.

优选的，当所述光纤结构为至少两个时，所述步骤S1中制备的预制棒结构也为相应的至少两个；步骤S3中制备的所述至少一个空心套管，包括制备其内具有空孔的最外层套管，所述最外层套管的空孔与光纤结构个数对应；Preferably, when there are at least two optical fiber structures, the preform structures prepared in step S1 are also at least two correspondingly; the at least one hollow sleeve prepared in step S3 includes preparing The outermost sleeve of the hollow hole, and the number of the hollow holes of the outermost sleeve corresponds to the number of the optical fiber structure;

并且当所述柔性增强层具有至少一层中间层时，所述将空心套管嵌套于内层预制棒外侧包括将所述柔性增强层中的至少一层中间层对应的套管，分别对应设于最外层套管的空孔内。And when the flexible reinforced layer has at least one intermediate layer, the nesting of the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform includes arranging at least one intermediate layer in the flexible reinforced layer to correspond to the sleeves respectively Set in the hollow hole of the outermost casing.

优选的，还包括在步骤S3中，在最外层套管中制作至少一个单独的空孔用于放置纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器在所述步骤S4中放入，并且在拉制时不产生结构变化。Preferably, it further includes that in step S3, at least one single hole is made in the outermost sleeve for placing the fiber state morphology sensor, and the fiber state morphology sensor is placed in the step S4, and the fiber state sensor is placed in the step S4. There is no structural change during the system.

一种可驱动激光手术刀，包括沿一轴向间隔设置的多个盘状体，以及连接多个盘状体的驱动丝，所述盘状体上设有多个孔，其特征在于：上述所述的柔性光纤依次穿过所述盘状体上相应的孔设置，所述驱动丝连接驱动装置和控制装置，用于控制多个盘状体之间的相互运动，以使得该多个盘状体形成能够弯曲转动的柔性体，所述柔性体的外侧还设有外壳。A driveable laser scalpel, comprising a plurality of disc-shaped bodies arranged at intervals along an axial direction, and a drive wire connecting the plurality of disc-shaped bodies, the disc-shaped bodies are provided with a plurality of holes, and are characterized in that: The flexible optical fiber is arranged through the corresponding holes on the disc-shaped body in turn, and the drive wire is connected to the driving device and the control device, and is used to control the mutual movement between the plurality of disc-shaped bodies, so that the plurality of discs The shaped body forms a flexible body capable of bending and rotating, and an outer shell is also provided on the outer side of the flexible body.

优选的，还包括纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器依次穿过所述盘状体相应的孔中，与所述柔性光纤同向延伸，用于传感该可驱动激光手术刀的弯曲状态；Preferably, it further comprises a fiber state shape sensor, which sequentially passes through the corresponding holes of the disc-shaped body, extends in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber, and is used for sensing the bending of the driveable laser scalpel. state;

还包括照明元件和成像元件，所述照明元件具有对目标区域照明的功能，所述成像元件具有获取目标区域图像的功能。It also includes a lighting element and an imaging element, the lighting element having a function of illuminating a target area, and the imaging element having a function of acquiring an image of the target area.

优选的，所述纤维态形态传感器包括光纤光栅形态传感器。借由上述技术方案，本发明实施例提供的技术方案至少具有下列优点：该光纤对柔性增强层结构进行了改造，在保证高强度激光的传输的前提下，使得光纤更容易弯曲，使得光纤在保持内侧区域材料刚度的情况下降低纤维整体的弯曲难度，进而拓展了材料的选取范围，以及光纤的应用领域。并且，基于该柔性光纤设计的可驱动激光手术刀，可以实现远程操控的激光手术，拓宽了激光手术的范围。Preferably, the fiber state morphology sensor includes a fiber grating morphology sensor. With the above technical solutions, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages: The optical fiber has modified the structure of the flexible reinforcement layer, and under the premise of ensuring the transmission of high-intensity laser, the optical fiber is easier to bend, and the optical fiber is While maintaining the rigidity of the material in the inner region, the overall bending difficulty of the fiber is reduced, thereby expanding the selection range of materials and the application field of optical fibers. In addition, the driveable laser scalpel designed based on the flexible optical fiber can realize remote-controlled laser surgery, which broadens the scope of laser surgery.

附图说明Description of the drawings

图1为本发明实施例2的柔性光纤的截面示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible optical fiber according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

图2为本发明实施例2提供的柔性光纤的损耗谱，横坐标为传输光的波长，纵坐标为该光纤传输该波长时的损耗。Fig. 2 is the loss spectrum of the flexible optical fiber provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the abscissa is the wavelength of the transmitted light, and the ordinate is the loss when the optical fiber transmits the wavelength.

图3为本发明实施例7提供的柔性光纤的截面示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible optical fiber provided by Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

图4为本发明实施例8提供的柔性光纤的截面示意图。4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible optical fiber provided by Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

图5为本发明实施例9提供的可驱动激光手术刀的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a driveable laser scalpel provided by Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

图6为本发明实施例9提供的可驱动激光手术刀除去外壳后的示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the driveable laser scalpel provided by Embodiment 9 of the present invention after the outer shell is removed.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本发明的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明，并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the drawings show exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

本发明提供了一种柔性光纤，包括为与内侧的至少一个光纤结构，以及包围所述光纤结构的柔性增强层。该光纤，如图1所示，包括位于中心的光纤结构，该光纤结构具有高功率激光传输功能，包围所述光纤结构的柔性增强层，所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，并且柔性增强层与所述光纤结构中的最外层中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能，用于增加整个光纤的柔性。The present invention provides a flexible optical fiber, including at least one optical fiber structure inside and inside, and a flexible reinforcing layer surrounding the optical fiber structure. The optical fiber, as shown in Figure 1, includes an optical fiber structure located in the center, the optical fiber structure has a high-power laser transmission function, a flexible reinforced layer surrounding the optical fiber structure, the flexible reinforced layer includes at least two layers, and the flexible reinforced layer In the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, adjacent layers have similar rheological properties, which are used to increase the flexibility of the entire optical fiber.

作为本发明的另一实施方式，包括位于内侧的至少两个光纤结构，以及包裹所述至少两个光纤结构的柔性增强层，所述至少两个光纤结构中的一个用于传输高功率激光，所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，柔性增强层中的最外层具有低刚度，并且柔性增强层与所述光纤结构中的最外层中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能。该具体的实施例中，光纤结构为至少两个，分别设于柔性增强层内，该至少两个光纤结构，可以提供不同的功能，例如一根光纤结构用于传输可操作性的激光，另一根光纤用于传输可见光，等等。以使得该柔性光纤具有更大的适用范围。As another embodiment of the present invention, it includes at least two fiber structures located on the inner side, and a flexible reinforcement layer wrapping the at least two fiber structures, one of the at least two fiber structures is used to transmit high-power laser, The flexible reinforced layer includes at least two layers, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer has low rigidity, and the flexible reinforced layer and the outermost layer in the optical fiber structure have similar rheological properties between adjacent layers . In this specific embodiment, there are at least two optical fiber structures, which are respectively provided in the flexible reinforcement layer. The at least two optical fiber structures can provide different functions. For example, one optical fiber structure is used to transmit operable laser light. An optical fiber is used to transmit visible light, and so on. So that the flexible optical fiber has a larger scope of application.

所述光纤结构，可以为阶跃折射率光纤结构、渐变折射率光纤结构、或者微结构光纤结构，微结构光纤结构包含光子晶体光纤，光子带隙光纤以及悬芯光纤。The fiber structure may be a step index fiber structure, a graded index fiber structure, or a microstructure fiber structure. The microstructure fiber structure includes a photonic crystal fiber, a photonic band gap fiber, and a suspended core fiber.

优选地，当该光纤结构为光子带隙光纤时，该光纤结构包括位于中心的空气纤芯，以及包围所述空气纤芯的包层。所述中心的空气纤芯即为光纤的纤芯，该区域由包层确定。所述包层为对特定波长的光波的反射结构。所述包层结构为环绕纤芯的交替层叠结构。交替层叠结构包括折射率高低不同的至少两种材料，例如，高折射率材料优选为硫系玻璃材料，低折射率材料优选为聚合物材料。并且高折射率材料位于最内侧用于限定纤芯的范围，具体而言，可以先将两种折射率高低不同的材料制成双层膜，整个包层由双层膜螺旋卷绕纤芯而成，如此，包层就可以形成如图1所示的螺旋交替层叠结构。Preferably, when the optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap optical fiber, the optical fiber structure includes an air core at the center and a cladding surrounding the air core. The central air core is the core of the optical fiber, and the area is determined by the cladding. The cladding layer is a reflection structure for light waves of a specific wavelength. The cladding structure is an alternately stacked structure surrounding the core. The alternately laminated structure includes at least two materials with different refractive indexes. For example, the high refractive index material is preferably a chalcogenide glass material, and the low refractive index material is preferably a polymer material. And the high refractive index material is located on the innermost side to limit the range of the core. Specifically, two materials with different refractive indexes can be made into a double-layer film first, and the entire cladding layer is made of the double-layer film spirally wound around the core. In this way, the cladding layer can be formed into a spiral alternately stacked structure as shown in FIG. 1.

包层中高低折射率材料的交替次数为各5层-20层，即双层膜卷绕5层-20层，优选为9-15层。该包层材料可选取的范围较广，任何热塑性强，红外吸收率低，折射率低，例如折射率小于1.6的聚合物材料，与软化温度低，沸点低，折射率高，例如折射率大于1.8的硫系玻璃材料均可用于设计并构建光子带隙结构，制作所述的内层包层结构。The number of alternations of the high and low refractive index materials in the cladding is 5-20 layers each, that is, the double-layer film is wound with 5-20 layers, preferably 9-15 layers. The cladding material can be selected in a wide range, any thermoplasticity is strong, infrared absorption rate is low, low refractive index, such as polymer materials with refractive index less than 1.6, and low softening temperature, low boiling point, high refractive index, such as refractive index greater than The chalcogenide glass material of 1.8 can be used to design and construct the photonic band gap structure, and make the inner cladding structure.

优选地，所述纤芯的半径为5λ-200λ，λ代表传输光的波长。该包层的厚度为纤芯直径的0.2-5倍。Preferably, the radius of the core is 5λ-200λ, and λ represents the wavelength of the transmitted light. The thickness of the cladding is 0.2-5 times the diameter of the core.

所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，并且柔性增强层的最外层具有较低的刚度，优选地，该最外层材料在常温下杨氏模量低于1000MPa。并且柔性增强层与所述光纤结构中的最外层中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能。这样设计的目的，是为了使得柔性增强层的最外层在具备较低刚度的同时，还能够逐层之间具有相近的流变性能，因此，柔性增强层与内侧光纤结构的预制棒能够实现共拉，实现该柔性光纤的一步拉制成型。The flexible reinforcement layer includes at least two layers, and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer has lower rigidity. Preferably, the outermost layer material has a Young's modulus lower than 1000 MPa at room temperature. In addition, in the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer and the optical fiber structure, adjacent layers have similar rheological properties. The purpose of this design is to make the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer have lower rigidity, but also have similar rheological properties between layers. Therefore, the preform of the flexible reinforcement layer and the inner fiber structure can achieve Co-pulling realizes the one-step drawing and forming of the flexible optical fiber.

并且优选的，所述柔性增强层中的各层与所述光纤结构的最外层中，每相邻的两层材料之间，在光纤拉制温度时的粘度差在两个数量级之内。And preferably, the viscosity difference between each layer of the flexible reinforcing layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure at the fiber drawing temperature is within two orders of magnitude between every two adjacent layers of materials.

该柔性光纤中所有材料在光纤拉制温度时的粘度均在10 ²泊-10 ⁷泊范围内，所述光纤拉制温度为60℃-600℃。 All the flexible fiber material viscosity at fiber draw temperatures are in the ¹⁰² ^-107 poises poises, the fiber drawing temperature of 60 ℃ -600 ℃.

所述柔性光纤的总直径不超过5mm，并且该柔性光纤的截面中，柔性增强层中的最外层所占的面积，应当大于等于光纤截面总面积的50％。The total diameter of the flexible optical fiber does not exceed 5 mm, and in the cross-section of the flexible optical fiber, the area occupied by the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer should be greater than or equal to 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the optical fiber.

优选的，所述柔性增强层中靠近光纤结构的包层一侧的最内层的材料为聚合物材料，为了实现光纤的共拉，该聚合物材料在工作温度，即光纤拉制温度时的粘度在10 ²泊-10 ⁷泊范围内，所述光纤拉制温度为60℃-600℃。 Preferably, the material of the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer close to the cladding layer of the optical fiber structure is a polymer material. 10 ² poise viscosity in the range of ^-107 poises, the fiber drawing temperature of 60 ℃ -600 ℃.

该柔性增强层中的最内层和最外层，或者该整个柔性增强层都可以为聚合物材料或者改性聚合物材料。该聚合物材料包括碳酸脂类(例如PC)、砜类(例如PES)、醚酰亚胺类(例如PEI)以及丙烯酸脂类(例如PMMA)，或者含氟聚合物中的任一种。The innermost layer and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer, or the entire flexible reinforcing layer may be polymer materials or modified polymer materials. The polymer material includes any one of carbonates (for example, PC), sulfones (for example, PES), etherimides (for example, PEI), and acrylics (for example, PMMA), or fluoropolymers.

该柔性增强层为改性聚合物时，可以是在上述聚合物材料中复合辅助材料来得到，例如通过在聚合物材料中共混其他聚合物材料，或者在聚合物材料中填充无机物材料。该辅助材料可以包括弹性橡胶体、无机物、碳酸脂类(例如PC)、砜类(例如PES)、醚酰亚胺类(例如PEI)以及丙烯酸脂类(例如PMMA)，或者含氟聚合物中的任一种，只要该聚合物材料和辅助材料不同即可。When the flexible reinforcing layer is a modified polymer, it can be obtained by compounding auxiliary materials with the above-mentioned polymer materials, for example, by blending other polymer materials with the polymer materials, or filling the polymer materials with inorganic materials. The auxiliary material may include elastic rubber bodies, inorganic substances, carbonates (such as PC), sulfones (such as PES), ether imides (such as PEI), and acrylics (such as PMMA), or fluoropolymers Either of them, as long as the polymer material and the auxiliary material are different.

其中的无机物可以包括CaCO ₃，SiO ₂或硅灰石；其中的弹性橡胶体包括硅胶或者橡胶。 The inorganic substance may include CaCO ₃ , SiO ₂ or wollastonite; the elastic rubber body may include silica gel or rubber.

优选地，所述最外层可以为最内层的聚合物材料的改性聚合物材料，例如复合其他聚合物、无机物或者弹性体，只要该弹性体或者聚合物在光纤拉制的工作温度时的粘度在10 ²泊-10 ⁷泊内的即可，例如氟化物或者硅胶等等。 Preferably, the outermost layer may be a modified polymer material of the innermost polymer material, such as a composite of other polymers, inorganic substances or elastomers, as long as the elastomer or polymer is at the working temperature of optical fiber drawing. When the viscosity is within 10 ² poise -10 ⁷ poise, such as fluoride or silica gel.

优选的，该光纤结构的最外层以及柔性增强层中，各层的样式模量从内向外依次降低。为了满足该条件，该柔性增强层材料的选取，可以包括多种方式，最直接的，可以是直接根据杨氏模量的大小进行选择，该柔性增强层中的各层材料为聚合物材料或者改性聚合物材料。Preferably, in the outermost layer and the flexible reinforcing layer of the optical fiber structure, the pattern modulus of each layer decreases sequentially from the inside to the outside. In order to meet this condition, the selection of the flexible reinforcement layer material can include multiple methods, the most direct one can be directly selected according to the Young's modulus, and the material of each layer in the flexible reinforcement layer is a polymer material or Modified polymer materials.

优选的，可以通过复合的方式得到柔性增强层其他层材料的选取。其中一种可选方式为，可以先选取一种杨氏模量小于光纤结构的最外层的杨氏模量的聚合物材料作为最内层材料，然后再通过在最内层聚合物材料的基础上复合辅助材料得到其他层的材料，例如，对最内层聚合物材料进行聚合物的共混，或者无机物的填充等。并且，该方式中，柔性增强层的其他层中，复合的辅助材料的比例从内向外逐渐增大，例如，最内层聚合物材料为A，在最内层聚合物材料A中进行聚合物材料B的共混，即B为辅助材料，当该柔性增强层为三层以上时，除了最内层和最外层，还包括至少一层中间层，该中间层的材料为60％A+40％B，最外层材料为40％A+60％B；或者中间层为两层，从内向外的材料分别为60％A+40％B、40％A+60％B，最外层材料为20％A+80％B。该种方式中，光纤结构的最外层材料可以是不论任何材料均可，需要选取的最内层材料只要是杨氏模量小于光纤结构最外层材料的杨氏模量即可，然后再对该聚合物材料进行复合制备得到与该聚合物材料相关的改性聚合物作为柔性增强层的其它层。Preferably, the selection of materials for other layers of the flexible reinforcement layer can be obtained in a composite manner. One of the alternatives is to first select a polymer material with a Young's modulus smaller than that of the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure as the innermost material, and then pass the innermost polymer material. On the basis of composite auxiliary materials, materials of other layers are obtained, for example, polymer blending of the innermost polymer material, or filling of inorganic substances, etc. In addition, in this method, in the other layers of the flexible reinforcement layer, the proportion of the composite auxiliary materials gradually increases from the inside to the outside. For example, the innermost layer of polymer material is A, and the innermost polymer material A is polymerized Blending of material B, that is, B is an auxiliary material. When the flexible reinforcing layer has more than three layers, in addition to the innermost layer and the outermost layer, it also includes at least one intermediate layer. The material of the intermediate layer is 60% A+ 40%B, the outermost layer material is 40%A+60%B; or the middle layer is two layers, the material from the inside to the outside is 60%A+40%B, 40%A+60%B, the outermost layer The material is 20%A+80%B. In this way, the outermost material of the optical fiber structure can be any material. The innermost material that needs to be selected as long as the Young's modulus is smaller than that of the outermost material of the optical fiber structure. The polymer material is compounded and prepared to obtain a modified polymer related to the polymer material as the other layer of the flexible reinforcing layer.

当然该方式中有一种极端的情况，即例如，最内层聚合物材料为A，中间层材料为60％A+40％B、40％A+60％B，最外层材料为B，即在最内层材料中复合辅助材料时，该复合的比例可以达到100％。Of course, there is an extreme case in this method, that is, for example, the innermost polymer material is A, the middle layer material is 60%A+40%B, 40%A+60%B, and the outermost material is B, namely When the auxiliary material is composited in the innermost layer material, the composite ratio can reach 100%.

作为另一种方式，当光纤结构的最外层材料为聚合物材料时，直接在该聚合物材料的基础上复合辅助材料作为柔性增强层的各层，并且辅助材料的复合比例，从柔性增强层的最内层开始逐渐增大，当然，本领域技术人员也可以了解到，该辅助材料的复合比例也可以为100％，As another way, when the outermost material of the optical fiber structure is a polymer material, the auxiliary material is directly composited on the basis of the polymer material as the layers of the flexible reinforcement layer, and the composite ratio of the auxiliary material is changed from the flexibility to the reinforcement. The innermost layer of the layer gradually increases. Of course, those skilled in the art can also understand that the composite ratio of the auxiliary material can also be 100%.

当然本领域技术人员了解到，上述两种方式只是优选的方式，该柔性增强层的材料的选取也可以采用其他方法，只要满足流变性能以及杨氏模量的要求即可。Of course, those skilled in the art understand that the above two methods are only preferred methods, and other methods can also be used to select the material of the flexible reinforcement layer, as long as the rheological properties and Young's modulus requirements are met.

当所述光纤结构为至少两个时，所述柔性增强层中的最外层为一层，并且同时包裹所述至少两个光纤结构，所述柔性增强层中的最内层同时包裹所述至少两个所述光纤结构，或者分别包裹所述至少两个光纤结构。优选地，该柔性增强层中的最内层分别包裹所述至少两个光纤结构，使得该两个光纤结构外侧分别设有最内层。并且当该光纤结构为聚合物材料光纤时，该最内层可直接省略，即该聚合物材料光纤的包层可作为最内层来使用。When there are at least two optical fiber structures, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer is one layer, and the at least two optical fiber structures are simultaneously wrapped, and the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer simultaneously wraps the At least two of the optical fiber structures, or wrap the at least two optical fiber structures respectively. Preferably, the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer respectively wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, so that the outermost layers of the two optical fiber structures are respectively provided. And when the optical fiber structure is a polymer material optical fiber, the innermost layer can be directly omitted, that is, the cladding layer of the polymer material optical fiber can be used as the innermost layer.

所述柔性增强层还包括中间层时，所述中间层单独包裹所述至少一根光纤结构，或者所述中间层同时包裹部分光纤结构，或者所述中间层同时包裹所有光纤结构。当所述柔性增强层包含中间层时，可以是该至少两个光纤结构中的至少一根光纤外设有中间层，例如，当光纤结构为两个时，一根的外侧包裹有柔性增强层的最内层及中间层，另一根外侧仅包裹有最内层，然后两个光纤结构均被最外层包裹，即光纤结构的外侧分别包裹对应的柔性增强层的最内层和中间层，并且同时被最外层包裹。当然，本领域技术人员也可以了解到该最内层和中间层，也可以同时包裹至少两个光纤结构，即最内层、中间层都只有各一层，这样虽然也能达到本发明的效果，但是这样的设置会导致最外层的厚度的减少，相比单独的光纤结构对应其相应的最内层和其它层，直接放入最外层的空孔中，不利于光纤整体柔性的增加。When the flexible reinforcement layer further includes an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer individually wraps the at least one optical fiber structure, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps part of the optical fiber structure, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps all the optical fiber structures. When the flexible reinforced layer includes an intermediate layer, at least one of the at least two optical fiber structures may be provided with an intermediate layer. For example, when there are two optical fiber structures, one is wrapped with a flexible reinforced layer The innermost layer and middle layer of the other one is wrapped with only the innermost layer, and then both fiber structures are wrapped by the outermost layer, that is, the outer side of the fiber structure is respectively wrapped with the innermost layer and the middle layer of the corresponding flexible reinforcement layer , And is wrapped by the outermost layer at the same time. Of course, those skilled in the art can also understand that the innermost layer and the middle layer can also wrap at least two fiber structures at the same time, that is, each of the innermost layer and the middle layer has only one layer, although the effect of the present invention can also be achieved. , But such an arrangement will result in a reduction in the thickness of the outermost layer. Compared with a separate optical fiber structure corresponding to its corresponding innermost layer and other layers, it is directly placed in the outermost hole, which is not conducive to the increase of the overall flexibility of the optical fiber. .

所述柔性增强层的最外层中还可以设有纤维态形态传感器，该纤维态形态传感器用于探测光纤的弯曲状态。所述纤维态形态传感器设于最外层中相应的空孔中，所述纤维态形态传感器包括传感纤维，传感纤维上设有沿长度方向间隔分布的传感单元。The outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer may also be provided with a fiber state morphology sensor, which is used to detect the bending state of the optical fiber. The fiber state morphology sensor is arranged in the corresponding hole in the outermost layer, and the fiber state morphology sensor includes a sensing fiber, and the sensing fiber is provided with sensing units spaced along the length direction.

具体的，该纤维态形态传感器可以为石英光纤光栅传感器，即该传感纤维可以为石英材料，并且其上的传感单元为可以为光纤光栅。石英光纤光栅传感器包括至少三根独立的传感纤维并列设置，并且每根传感纤维上的传感单元位于与轴向垂直的同一截面，该光纤光栅可以至少三个为一组沿传感纤维的长度方向间隔设有多组。该石英光纤光栅传感器的至少三根单独的传感纤维可以由外层结构包裹为一体，进而形成一体的结构，然后设于柔性增强层的最外层中的一个空孔中。也可以是该石英光纤光栅传感器的至少三根单独的传感纤维分别设于柔性增强层的最外层相应的空孔中。Specifically, the fiber state morphology sensor may be a quartz fiber grating sensor, that is, the sensing fiber may be a quartz material, and the sensing unit thereon may be a fiber grating. The quartz fiber grating sensor includes at least three independent sensing fibers arranged side by side, and the sensing unit on each sensing fiber is located on the same cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction. The fiber grating can be a group of at least three along the sensing fiber. Multiple groups are arranged at intervals in the length direction. At least three individual sensing fibers of the quartz fiber grating sensor can be wrapped by an outer structure to form an integrated structure, and then set in a hole in the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer. It is also possible that at least three individual sensing fibers of the quartz fiber grating sensor are respectively arranged in the corresponding holes of the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer.

因为石英材料的熔点高于聚合物，因此，该石英材料的传感纤维只能设于柔性增强层的最外层相应的空孔中，并且在该光纤预制棒拉制前放入，通过光纤预制棒的热拉制，固定包裹在该柔性增强层的最外层内。Because the melting point of the quartz material is higher than that of the polymer, the sensor fiber of the quartz material can only be placed in the corresponding hole of the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer, and placed before the optical fiber preform is drawn. The hot drawing of the preform is fixedly wrapped in the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer.

石英光纤光栅的传输特性随着其形态的变化而变化，因此通过测量石英光纤光栅的传输特性变化，可以判断该传感纤维在该点的弯曲程度。通过在柔性光纤内不同的位置设置多根传感纤维，并且在传感纤维的不同位置设置多个光纤光栅，可以获取不同位置的形态信号，通过计算机建模还原，即可还原出纤维态形态传感器整体的形态。因此，只要该纤维态形态传感器位于柔性光纤内部并与其同向延伸，所获得的形态与柔性光纤形态一致，可以对柔性光纤进行形态传感。The transmission characteristics of the silica fiber grating change with the change of its shape, so by measuring the transmission characteristics of the silica fiber grating, the degree of bending of the sensing fiber at this point can be judged. By arranging multiple sensing fibers at different positions in the flexible optical fiber, and setting multiple fiber gratings at different positions of the sensing fiber, the shape signal of different positions can be obtained, and the fiber state shape can be restored by computer modeling and restoration. The overall shape of the sensor. Therefore, as long as the fiber state shape sensor is located inside the flexible optical fiber and extends in the same direction, the obtained shape is consistent with the shape of the flexible optical fiber, and the flexible optical fiber can be morphologically sensed.

具体的，该石英光纤光栅传感器可以为FBG传感器。Specifically, the quartz fiber grating sensor may be an FBG sensor.

另外，本领域技术人员也可以了解到，也可以不单独设置纤维态形态传感器，可以是在拉制后的柔性光纤的光纤结构中，通过刻蚀后处理等手段，在光纤结构上形成具有形态传感功能的传感结构，用于传感柔性光纤的弯曲状态；所述传感结构，可以是光纤光栅结构。In addition, those skilled in the art can also understand that the fiber state sensor may not be provided separately, and the fiber structure may be formed in the fiber structure of the flexible fiber after etching by means of post-etching and other means. The sensing structure with sensing function is used to sense the bending state of the flexible optical fiber; the sensing structure may be a fiber grating structure.

该柔性光纤的制备方法：包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the flexible optical fiber includes the following steps:

如果所述光纤结构为阶跃折射率光纤结构时，步骤S1具体包括制作内侧为纤芯材料，外侧为包层材料的预制棒结构；制备预制棒结构的方法可以为双坩埚法、熔铸法、管棒法、热拉伸法、光刻法、钻孔法、薄膜卷绕法或者挤压法。If the optical fiber structure is a step index optical fiber structure, step S1 specifically includes making a preform structure with a core material on the inner side and a cladding material on the outer side; Tube rod method, thermal drawing method, photolithography method, drilling method, film winding method or extrusion method.

如果内侧的光纤结构为光子带隙结构光纤，则步骤S1中，具体包括If the inner fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure fiber, step S1 specifically includes

S11：制备分别为高折射率材料和低折射率材料的双层薄膜，具体为，截取一定尺寸的聚合物薄膜，在聚合物薄膜上蒸镀一层玻璃材料，形成玻璃材料-聚合物双层薄膜；该玻璃材料-聚合物薄膜的厚度为5μm-100μm，并且玻璃材料的厚度占双层薄膜总厚度的比例在0.15-0.7之间，不超过50μm。S11: Prepare a double-layer film of high refractive index material and low refractive index material. Specifically, a polymer film of a certain size is cut, and a layer of glass material is vapor-deposited on the polymer film to form a glass material-polymer double layer Film; the thickness of the glass material-polymer film is 5 μm-100 μm, and the ratio of the thickness of the glass material to the total thickness of the double-layer film is between 0.15-0.7 and not more than 50 μm.

优选地，蒸镀过程中真空度保持在1×10 ^-3Pa以下。优选地，所述圆棒的直径为5mm-50mm。 Preferably, the vacuum degree is kept below 1×10 ^-3 Pa during the evaporation process. Preferably, the diameter of the round rod is 5mm-50mm.

S12：将双层薄膜沿圆棒连续卷绕，形成同心设置并且层叠设置的包层结构，进而得到内侧为空气纤芯，外侧为包层的预制棒结构。由于该方法采用薄膜卷绕法，因此，在步骤S4拉制前，需要去掉中心的圆棒，该包层结构的厚度为0.1mm-3mm，可以根据光纤的拉制比例调整。S12: The double-layer film is continuously wound along the round rod to form a cladding structure arranged concentrically and stacked to obtain a preform structure with an air core on the inside and a cladding on the outside. Since this method adopts the film winding method, it is necessary to remove the central round rod before drawing in step S4. The thickness of the cladding structure is 0.1mm-3mm, which can be adjusted according to the drawing ratio of the optical fiber.

其中步骤S2，具体包括，S21：在预制棒结构外卷绕最内层材料，形成所述包层的最内层；S22：将卷绕好最内层材料的预制棒结构进行加热，使各层之间熔融，冷却后即得到所述内层预制棒。Step S2 specifically includes: S21: Winding the innermost layer material outside the preform structure to form the innermost layer of the cladding; S22: Heating the preform structure wound with the innermost layer material to make each The layers are melted and cooled to obtain the inner layer preform.

其中步骤S3，具体包括，S31：选取与最内层流变性能类似但刚度较弱的至少一种材料；S32：将该至少一种材料通过钻孔法、或者熔铸法得到中心具有空孔的至少一个空心套管；S33：将至少一个空心套管与内侧的内层预制棒依次嵌套并且熔合在一起。Step S3 specifically includes: S31: selecting at least one material with rheological properties similar to the innermost layer but weaker rigidity; S32: obtaining the at least one material with a hole in the center through a drilling method or a melting and casting method At least one hollow casing; S33: Nest at least one hollow casing and the inner preform in sequence and fuse them together.

优选地，该柔性增强层中的其他层均为聚合物材料，因此该步骤中，如果该柔性增强层仅包含最内层和最外层，则只需要选取一种聚合物材料作为最外层来制作，如果该柔性增强层包括至少三层，则需要选取至少两种聚合物材料来制作至少两个空心套管，并且在步骤S33中，将至少两个空心套管依次嵌套来形成最终的柔性增强层结构。Preferably, the other layers in the flexible reinforcement layer are all polymer materials. Therefore, in this step, if the flexible reinforcement layer only includes the innermost layer and the outermost layer, only one polymer material needs to be selected as the outermost layer. If the flexible reinforcement layer includes at least three layers, at least two polymer materials need to be selected to make at least two hollow sleeves, and in step S33, at least two hollow sleeves are nested in sequence to form the final The flexible reinforced layer structure.

为满足上述条件，选取柔性增强层材料的时候，可以通过两种优选的方式，一种是先选取最内层材料，最内层材料为聚合物材料，然后再通过复合辅助材料得到其他层的材料，该辅助材料的比例从内向外逐渐增大，最大可以达到100％。该方式中只要最内层材料的杨氏模量小于光纤材料最外层的模量，通过复合的辅助材料比例的增大，得到杨氏模量逐层减小的柔性增强层多层结构。In order to meet the above conditions, when selecting the flexible reinforcement layer material, there are two preferred methods. One is to select the innermost layer material first, the innermost layer material is a polymer material, and then the composite auxiliary materials are used to obtain the other layers. Material, the proportion of the auxiliary material gradually increases from the inside to the outside, and the maximum can reach 100%. In this manner, as long as the Young's modulus of the innermost layer material is smaller than that of the outermost layer of the optical fiber material, the multi-layer structure of the flexible reinforcement layer with the Young's modulus decreasing layer by layer is obtained by increasing the proportion of the composite auxiliary materials.

第二种是当光纤结构的最外层材料为聚合物材料时，可以直接在该聚合物材料的基础上复合其他辅助材料来得到柔性增强层的各层材料，包括最内层、中间层以及最外层，复合辅助材料的比例从内向外逐渐增加，以实现杨氏模量从光纤结构的最外层开始从内向外逐层降低的效果。当时本领域技术人员也可以了解到，也可以采用其他的方式选取柔性增强层的材料，不限于上述的几种优选方式，只要满足杨氏模量从内向外依次降低即可。The second is that when the outermost material of the optical fiber structure is a polymer material, other auxiliary materials can be directly compounded on the basis of the polymer material to obtain the various layers of the flexible reinforcement layer, including the innermost layer, the middle layer, and the In the outermost layer, the proportion of the composite auxiliary material gradually increases from the inside to the outside, so as to realize the effect that the Young's modulus decreases layer by layer from the inside to the outside starting from the outermost layer of the fiber structure. At that time, those skilled in the art can also understand that other methods can also be used to select the material of the flexible reinforcement layer, which is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred methods, as long as the Young's modulus is reduced in order from the inside to the outside.

优选地，对于光子带隙结构光纤，在所述拉丝过程中可以通过调整拉丝比例，即预制棒直径与光纤直径之比，达到调整带隙结构的效果，实现在红外波段范围内调整传输波段的目的。Preferably, for the photonic band gap structure optical fiber, the drawing ratio, that is, the ratio of the diameter of the preform to the diameter of the optical fiber, can be adjusted during the drawing process to achieve the effect of adjusting the band gap structure and realize the adjustment of the transmission band within the infrared band. Purpose.

当所述光纤结构为至少两个时，所述步骤S1中制备的预制棒结构也为相应的至少两个；步骤S3中制备的所述至少一个空心套管，包括制备其内具有空孔的最外层套管，所述最外层套管的空孔与光纤结构个数对应；并且当所述柔性增强层具有至少一层中间层时，所述将空心套管嵌套于内层预制棒外侧包括将所述柔性增强层中的至少一层中间层对应的套管，分别对应设于最外层套管的空孔内。该结构制备出的光纤结构，外侧分别包裹各自对应的最内层和中间层，中间层也可以不设置，最内层也可以由聚合物光纤的最外层来替代，并且至少两个光纤结构同时被最外层包裹，既增强了整个光纤的柔性，又能够保证该光纤能够共拉，一次成型。When there are at least two optical fiber structures, the preform structures prepared in step S1 are also correspondingly at least two; the at least one hollow sleeve prepared in step S3 includes preparing a hollow tube The outermost sleeve, the number of holes in the outermost sleeve corresponds to the number of optical fiber structures; and when the flexible reinforcement layer has at least one intermediate layer, the hollow sleeve is nested in the inner prefabricated layer The outer side of the rod includes sleeves corresponding to at least one middle layer of the flexible reinforcement layer, which are respectively arranged in the cavities of the outermost sleeves. The fiber structure prepared by this structure is wrapped with the corresponding innermost layer and middle layer on the outside, and the middle layer may not be provided. The innermost layer can also be replaced by the outermost layer of polymer optical fiber, and at least two fiber structures At the same time, it is wrapped by the outermost layer, which not only enhances the flexibility of the entire optical fiber, but also ensures that the optical fiber can be co-drawn and formed at one time.

当所述柔性光纤中需要设置纤维态形态传感器时，在步骤S3中，还需要在最外层套管中制作至少一个单独的空孔用于放置纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器在所述步骤S4中放入。为了避免纤维态形态传感器的功能出现变化，构成该形态传感器的材料的软化温度应高于600℃，且低于600℃的温度变化不会显著影响其功能。When a fiber state morphology sensor needs to be provided in the flexible optical fiber, in step S3, it is also necessary to make at least one single hole in the outermost sleeve for placing the fiber state morphology sensor. Put in the step S4. In order to avoid changes in the function of the fiber state morphology sensor, the softening temperature of the material constituting the morphology sensor should be higher than 600°C, and temperature changes below 600°C will not significantly affect its function.

该制作步骤可以分为多种情况，例如，当该纤维态形态传感器为石英光纤光栅传感器时，可以是在步骤S3中，最外层套管中制作至少三个单独的空孔，分别放置石英光纤光栅传感器的至少三根传感纤维，该三个单独的空孔沿最外层的周向均匀设置，如图3所示；并在步骤S4时，拉制光纤预制棒时将至少三根传感纤维分别放入光纤预制棒对应的空孔。This manufacturing step can be divided into multiple situations. For example, when the fiber state sensor is a quartz fiber grating sensor, in step S3, at least three separate holes are made in the outermost sleeve, and the quartz is placed separately. At least three sensing fibers of the fiber grating sensor, the three individual holes are uniformly arranged along the outermost circumferential direction, as shown in Figure 3; and in step S4, at least three sensing fibers are drawn when the optical fiber preform is drawn The fibers are respectively put into the corresponding holes of the optical fiber preform.

也可以是在步骤S3中，制作的至少一个空心套管中，包括一用于包裹石英光纤光栅传感器的传感器套管，并且在传感器套管中也钻出至少三个空孔，将传感器套管与S3步骤中制备的其他套管一起嵌套并且熔合在一起，在步骤S4时，拉制光纤预制棒时将至少三根传感纤维放入光纤预制棒对应的空孔内。该传感器套管即为该石英光纤光栅传感器的外层结构，可以为热塑性聚合物材料。一种可驱动激光手术刀，包括骨架，该骨架包括沿一轴向间隔设置的多个盘状体，以及连接多个盘状体的驱动丝，所述盘状体上设有多个孔，上述的柔性光纤依次穿过所述盘状体上相应的孔设置，所述驱动丝连接驱动装置和控制装置，用于控制多个盘状体之间的相互位置运动，以使得该多个盘状体形成能够弯曲转动的柔性体，所述柔性体的外侧还设有外壳。通过驱动丝驱动盘状体的运动，进而使得该激光手术刀为一长条形的能够弯曲转动的柔性体，并且通过上述柔性光纤的设置，使得该可驱动激光手术刀能够同时具有激光消融、可见光照明，或者还可以具有形态感知的功能。It can also be that in step S3, the at least one hollow sleeve produced includes a sensor sleeve for wrapping the quartz fiber grating sensor, and at least three holes are drilled in the sensor sleeve, and the sensor sleeve It is nested and fused together with other sleeves prepared in step S3. In step S4, when the optical fiber preform is drawn, at least three sensing fibers are put into the corresponding holes of the optical fiber preform. The sensor sleeve is the outer structure of the quartz fiber grating sensor, and may be a thermoplastic polymer material. A driveable laser scalpel includes a skeleton, the skeleton includes a plurality of disk-shaped bodies arranged at intervals along an axial direction, and a drive wire connecting the plurality of disk-shaped bodies, and the disk-shaped bodies are provided with a plurality of holes, The above-mentioned flexible optical fiber is arranged through the corresponding holes on the disc-shaped body in turn, and the drive wire is connected to the driving device and the control device, and is used to control the mutual positional movement between the plurality of disc-shaped bodies, so that the plurality of discs The shaped body forms a flexible body capable of bending and rotating, and an outer shell is also provided on the outer side of the flexible body. The movement of the disc-shaped body is driven by the driving wire, so that the laser scalpel is a long flexible body that can be bent and rotated, and through the arrangement of the above-mentioned flexible optical fiber, the driveable laser scalpel can simultaneously have laser ablation, Visible light illumination may also have the function of form perception.

该可驱动激光手术刀内还可以包括纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器依次穿过所述盘状体相应的孔中，与所述柔性光纤同向延伸，用于传感该可驱动激光手术刀的弯曲程度。此处的纤维态形态传感器与位于柔性光纤内的纤维态形态传感器不同的是无需考虑工作温度对传感器的影响。该纤维态形态传感器可以设于柔性光纤的外侧，用于感知该激光手术刀的形态，其结构和原理都可以参考位于柔性光纤内侧的石英光纤光栅传感器。The driveable laser scalpel may also include a fiber state morphology sensor. The fiber state morphology sensor sequentially passes through the corresponding holes of the disk-shaped body and extends in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber for sensing the driveable laser scalpel. The degree of curvature of the laser scalpel. The difference between the fiber state sensor here and the fiber state sensor located in a flexible optical fiber is that it does not need to consider the influence of the operating temperature on the sensor. The fiber state shape sensor can be arranged on the outer side of the flexible optical fiber to sense the shape of the laser scalpel, and its structure and principle can be referred to the quartz fiber grating sensor located on the inner side of the flexible optical fiber.

该可驱动激光手术刀，还包括照明元件和成像元件。所述照明元件为手术的目标组区域提供光照，所述成像元件能够对手术的目标区域进行成像。所述照明元件可以通过内嵌入激光手术刀一的LED实现，也可以通过照明光纤依次穿过所述盘状体相应的孔中，与所述柔性光纤同向延伸的方式嵌入在可驱动激光手术刀中实现。所述成像元件可以为内嵌在可驱动激光手术刀一端的CCD相机或者CMOS相机，或者也可以包括光纤成像束，所述光纤成像束依次穿过所述盘状体相应的孔中，与所述柔性光纤同向延伸的方式内嵌在激光手术刀中。The driveable laser scalpel also includes an illumination element and an imaging element. The lighting element provides illumination for the target group area of the operation, and the imaging element can image the target area of the operation. The illuminating element can be realized by an LED embedded in the laser scalpel, or it can be embedded in the driveable laser operation by illuminating the optical fiber sequentially passing through the corresponding holes of the disc-shaped body, and extending in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber. Realized in the knife. The imaging element may be a CCD camera or a CMOS camera embedded in one end of the driveable laser scalpel, or may also include an optical fiber imaging beam, which sequentially passes through the corresponding holes of the disc, and The flexible optical fiber extending in the same direction is embedded in the laser scalpel.

优选的，所述照明光纤以及光纤成像束可以通过光纤共拉的方式集成在一根光纤，即集成为一根光纤，然后放入激光手术刀内部。Preferably, the illumination optical fiber and the optical fiber imaging bundle can be integrated into one optical fiber by co-pulling the optical fiber, that is, integrated into one optical fiber, and then put into the laser scalpel.

或者，所述照明光纤以及光纤成像束可以作为柔性光纤内部的其中一个光纤结构，在柔性光纤制备过程中实现共拉，并且使得柔性光纤同时具备照明和成像功能。Alternatively, the illumination optical fiber and the optical fiber imaging bundle can be used as one of the optical fiber structures inside the flexible optical fiber, which realizes co-pulling during the preparation process of the flexible optical fiber, and enables the flexible optical fiber to have both illumination and imaging functions.

实施例1：Example 1:

该实施例中的光纤，中心的光纤结构为光子带隙结构光纤，即包括位于中心的空气纤芯，该空气纤芯的直径为500μm。空气纤芯的外侧为包层，该包层包括周期***替层叠设置的第一包层和第二包层，该第一包层为As ₂Se ₃玻璃，即高折射率材料，该第二包层为PPSU，即低折射率材料。该第一包层位于最内侧，并且第一包层和第二包层交替层叠设置，设置各12层。第一包层和第二包层的厚度分别为1.2μm和2.4μm。 In the optical fiber in this embodiment, the optical fiber structure in the center is a photonic band gap structure optical fiber, that is, it includes an air core located in the center, and the diameter of the air core is 500 μm. The outer side of the air core is a cladding layer. The cladding layer includes a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer alternately stacked periodically. The first cladding layer is As ₂ Se ₃ glass, that is, a high refractive index material. The cladding is PPSU, which is a low refractive index material. The first cladding layer is located at the innermost side, and the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are alternately stacked, and each 12 layers are provided. The thickness of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are 1.2 μm and 2.4 μm, respectively.

柔性增强层包括最内层，该最内层为多层PPSU薄膜构成。该最内层的厚度为光纤结构中包层厚度的1-20倍，优选地，为光纤结构中包层厚度的3-5倍。该PPSU薄膜层外侧设有最外层，该最外层为改性聚合物材料，该改性聚合物材料为PPSU和氟化物以6:4的质量比混合制得。The flexibility enhancement layer includes the innermost layer, and the innermost layer is composed of a multilayer PPSU film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 1-20 times the thickness of the cladding in the optical fiber structure, preferably 3-5 times the thickness of the cladding in the optical fiber structure. The PPSU film layer is provided with an outermost layer on the outside, the outermost layer is a modified polymer material, and the modified polymer material is made by mixing PPSU and fluoride in a mass ratio of 6:4.

该光纤的制作方法，包括：The manufacturing method of the optical fiber includes:

S1，制备中间为空气纤芯，外层为包层的预制棒结构。该步骤S1具体包括S11：制备PPSU和As ₂Se ₃双层薄膜，具体为通过真空加热蒸发的方法在厚度为40μm的PPSU薄膜上蒸镀20μm的As ₂Se ₃玻璃。优选地，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，材料所接触到的物质比如薄膜和坩埚应充分干燥去除其中水分，防止As ₂Se ₃玻璃高温下和水氧反应。S12：将蒸镀好的双层膜绕圆棒进行连续卷绕，如图1所示，形成螺旋卷绕结构，卷绕层数12层。进而得到内层为空气纤芯外侧为包层的预制棒结构。 S1: Prepare a preform structure with an air core in the middle and a clad in the outer layer. This step S1 specifically includes S11: preparing a PPSU and As ₂ Se ₃ _{double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 20 μm As 2} Se ₃ glass on a PPSU film with a thickness of 40 μm by vacuum heating and evaporation. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process, and the materials contacted by the material, such as films and crucibles, should be fully dried to remove moisture from them to prevent the As ₂ Se ₃ glass from reacting with water and oxygen at high temperatures. S12: The vapor-deposited double-layer film is continuously wound around a round rod, as shown in Figure 1, to form a spiral winding structure with 12 winding layers. Furthermore, a preform structure in which the inner layer is an air core and the outer side is a cladding layer is obtained.

S2，在所述包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PPSU薄膜，该PPSU薄膜层的厚度为1mm；S22：卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固，取出后得到内层预制棒。S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the cladding layer to obtain an inner preform; this step specifically includes, S21: directly winding the PPSU film on the outside of the preform structure obtained in S1, The thickness of the PPSU film layer is 1mm; S22: After the winding is completed, it is fixed with a raw tape, and then put into a tube furnace for thermosetting, and the inner layer preform is obtained after being taken out.

S3，制备空心套管，该空心套管即为柔性增强层中除最内层外的其他层，并将空心套管套于内层预制棒外侧得到空芯的光纤预制棒。S3: Prepare a hollow sleeve, which is the other layer except the innermost layer in the flexible reinforcement layer, and sleeve the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain a hollow optical fiber preform.

该实施例中的空心套管仅包括柔性增强层的最外层31，该最外层为PPSU改性后的改性聚合物材料。具体为将PPSU颗粒和氟化物颗粒以6:4的重量比例混合，然后用化学试剂将混合物充分溶解。在对溶液进行充分搅拌后，烘干溶液中的化学溶剂，得到PPSU和氟化物颗粒的混合物。用热压机将这种混合物热压为实心棒结构，该实心棒的直径为步骤S1中卷绕所用的圆棒直径的1.5-3倍，优选地，为2倍。再用打孔机在实心棒中心钻制和内层预制棒同样大小的空心孔，得到最外层31的空心套管。The hollow sleeve in this embodiment only includes the outermost layer 31 of the flexible reinforcement layer, and the outermost layer is a modified polymer material modified by PPSU. Specifically, the PPSU particles and the fluoride particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4, and then the mixture is fully dissolved with a chemical reagent. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain a mixture of PPSU and fluoride particles. The mixture is hot-pressed into a solid rod structure with a hot press, and the diameter of the solid rod is 1.5 to 3 times the diameter of the round rod used for winding in step S1, preferably 2 times. Then use a punching machine to drill a hollow hole of the same size as the inner preform in the center of the solid rod to obtain the hollow casing of the outermost layer 31.

将空心套管和内层预制棒套在一起，进行加热让内层预制棒和外层预制棒熔合在一起，再取出内层预制棒内卷绕的圆棒，就可以得到光纤预制棒。Sleeve the hollow tube and the inner preform together, heat it to fuse the inner preform and the outer preform, and then take out the round rod wound inside the inner preform to obtain the optical fiber preform.

S4，拉制所述光纤预制棒。将得到的光纤预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝，通过控制拉丝比例，可以控制光纤预制棒和所得纤维的实际缩放比例，进而最终控制所得光纤的传输波段。拉制温度为420℃。S4, drawing the optical fiber preform. The obtained optical fiber preform is drawn with a drawing tower, and by controlling the drawing ratio, the actual scaling ratio of the optical fiber preform and the obtained fiber can be controlled, and finally the transmission band of the obtained optical fiber can be controlled. The drawing temperature is 420°C.

实施例2：Example 2:

该实施例中的光纤，如图1所示，中心的光纤结构为光子带隙结构光纤，中心为空气纤芯1，该空气纤芯1的直径为500μm。空气纤芯1的外层为包层，该包层包括第一包层21和第二包层22，该第一包层21为As ₂Se ₃玻璃，该第二包层22为PPSU。该第一包层21位于最内侧，并且第一包层21和第二包层22交替层叠设置，设置各15层。第一包层21和第二包层22的厚度分别为0.75μm和1.75μm。 The optical fiber in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the optical fiber structure in the center is a photonic band gap structure optical fiber, and the center is an air core 1, and the diameter of the air core 1 is 500 μm. The outer layer of the air core 1 is a cladding layer, the cladding layer includes a first cladding layer 21 and a second cladding layer 22, the first cladding layer 21 is As ₂ Se ₃ glass, and the second cladding layer 22 is PPSU. The first cladding layer 21 is located at the innermost side, and the first cladding layer 21 and the second cladding layer 22 are alternately stacked, and each 15 layers are provided. The thicknesses of the first clad layer 21 and the second clad layer 22 are 0.75 μm and 1.75 μm, respectively.

柔性增强层包括最内层32，该最内层为多层PPSU薄膜。该最内层32的厚度为25μm，该PPSU薄膜层外侧依次设有中间层33和最外层31，该中间层33和最外层31均为改性聚合物材料，该中间层33的材料为PPSU和氟化物以6:4的重量比例混合制得，该最外层材料为PPSU和氟化物以4:6的重量比例混合制得，该中间层的厚度为25μm，最外层31的厚度为100μm。The flexibility enhancement layer includes the innermost layer 32, which is a multilayer PPSU film. The innermost layer 32 has a thickness of 25 μm. The PPSU film layer is provided with an intermediate layer 33 and an outermost layer 31 successively outside of the PPSU film layer. The intermediate layer 33 and the outermost layer 31 are both modified polymer materials. The material of the intermediate layer 33 It is made by mixing PPSU and fluoride in a weight ratio of 6:4. The outermost layer material is made by mixing PPSU and fluoride in a weight ratio of 4:6. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 25μm. The thickness is 100 μm.

该实施例的光纤的制备方法，具体包括步骤The method for preparing the optical fiber of this embodiment specifically includes the steps

S1，制备中间为空气纤芯，外层为包层的预制棒结构。该步骤S1具体包括S11：制备PPSU和As ₂Se ₃双层薄膜，具体为通过真空加热蒸发的方法在厚度为35μm的PPSU薄膜上蒸镀15μm的As ₂Se ₃玻璃；优选地，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，材料所接触到的物质比如薄膜和坩埚应充分干燥去除其中水分，防止As ₂Se ₃玻璃高温下和水氧反应；S12：将蒸镀好的双层膜绕圆棒进行卷绕，卷绕层数为15层。进而得到内层为空气纤芯外侧为包层的光纤预制棒结构。 S1: Prepare a preform structure with an air core in the middle and a clad in the outer layer. This step S1 specifically includes S11: preparing a PPSU and As ₂ Se ₃ double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 15 μm of As ₂ Se ₃ glass on a 35 μm thick PPSU film by vacuum heating and evaporation; preferably, the evaporation process The evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible, and the materials contacted by the material, such as film and crucible, should be fully dried to remove moisture to prevent the As ₂ Se ₃ glass from reacting with water and oxygen at high temperatures; S12: The evaporation is good The double-layer film is wound around a round rod, and the number of winding layers is 15 layers. Furthermore, an optical fiber preform structure with the inner layer being an air core and the outer side being a cladding layer is obtained.

S2，在所述包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PPSU薄膜，卷绕厚度为0.5mm；S22：卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固，取出后得到内层预制棒。S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the cladding layer to obtain an inner preform; this step specifically includes, S21: directly winding the PPSU film on the outside of the preform structure obtained in S1, The winding thickness is 0.5mm; S22: After the winding is completed, fix it with raw tape, then put it into the tube furnace for thermosetting, and take it out to obtain the inner preform.

S3，制备两个空心套管，该空心套管即为柔性增强层中的其他层，并将空心套管依次套于内层预制棒外侧得到空芯的光纤预制棒。该实施例中的柔性增强层中的其他层，包括中间层和最外层，因此，需要制作两个空心套管。先将PPSU颗粒和氟化物颗粒分别以6:4、4:6的重量比例混合，得到两种不同比例的颗粒混合物，然后用化学试剂将这些混合物分别充分溶解。在对溶液进行充分搅拌后，烘干溶液中的化学溶剂，得到PPSU和氟化物颗粒的不同比例的两种混合物。用热压机将两种混合物分别热压为实心棒，比例为4:6的混合物压成的实心棒的截面可以完全覆盖比例为6:4的混合物压成的实心棒的截面，再用打孔机在6:4混合比例材料所制成的实心棒的横截面上钻制和内层预制棒形状和大小完全相同的空孔，得到第一层空心套管，再用打孔机在4:6混合比例的实心棒的横截面上钻制和第一层空心套管的外径相匹配的空孔，得到第二层空心套管。将两层空心套管依次与内层预制棒套在一起，进行加热让内层预制棒和两层空心套管熔合在一起，再取出内层预制棒内的圆棒，就可以得到光纤预制棒。S3, preparing two hollow sleeves, which are the other layers in the flexible reinforcement layer, and sequentially sleeve the hollow sleeves on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain a hollow-core optical fiber preform. The other layers in the flexibility enhancement layer in this embodiment include the middle layer and the outermost layer. Therefore, two hollow sleeves need to be made. First, the PPSU particles and the fluoride particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4 and 4:6 to obtain two different ratios of particle mixtures, and then these mixtures are fully dissolved with chemical reagents. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain two mixtures of PPSU and fluoride particles in different proportions. Use a hot press to heat the two mixtures into solid rods. The cross section of the solid rod formed by the mixture of 4:6 ratio can completely cover the cross section of the solid rod formed by the mixture of ratio 6:4. The hole machine drills the hollow holes with the same shape and size as the inner preform on the cross section of the solid rod made of the 6:4 mixture ratio material to obtain the first layer of hollow casing. : Drill holes matching the outer diameter of the first layer of hollow casing on the cross section of the solid rod with a mixing ratio of 6 to obtain the second layer of hollow casing. Put the two layers of hollow sleeves together with the inner preform in turn, heat the inner preform and the two layers of hollow sleeves to fuse together, and then take out the round rods in the inner preform to obtain the optical fiber preform. .

如图2所示，为该柔性光纤的损耗谱，横坐标为传输光的波长，纵坐标为该光纤传输该波长时的损耗。As shown in Figure 2, it is the loss spectrum of the flexible optical fiber, the abscissa is the wavelength of the transmitted light, and the ordinate is the loss when the optical fiber transmits the wavelength.

实施例3：Example 3:

该实施例中的光纤，中心的光纤结构为光子带隙结构，中心为空气纤芯，该空气纤芯的直径为500μm。空气纤芯的外层为包层，该包层包括第一包层即高折射率材料层，和第二包层即低折射率材料层，该第一包层为As ₂Se ₃玻璃，该第二包层为PEI。该第一包层位于最内侧，并且第一包层和第二包层交替层叠设置，设置各12层。第一包层和第二包层的厚度分别为1μm和1.5μm。 In the optical fiber in this embodiment, the fiber structure at the center is a photonic band gap structure, and the center is an air core, and the diameter of the air core is 500 μm. The outer layer of the air core is a cladding layer. The cladding layer includes a first cladding layer that is a high refractive index material layer, and a second cladding layer that is a low refractive index material layer. The first cladding layer is As ₂ Se ₃ glass. The second cladding layer is PEI. The first cladding layer is located at the innermost side, and the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are alternately stacked, and each 12 layers are provided. The thickness of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are 1 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively.

柔性增强层包括最内层，该最内层为多层PEI薄膜。该最内层的厚度为25μm，该PEI薄膜外侧设有最外层，该最外层为改性聚合物材料，为PEI和氟化物以6:4的重量比例混合制得，该最外层的厚度为100μm。The flexibility enhancement layer includes the innermost layer, and the innermost layer is a multilayer PEI film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 25μm, the outermost layer is provided on the outside of the PEI film, and the outermost layer is made of modified polymer material, which is made by mixing PEI and fluoride in a weight ratio of 6:4. The outermost layer The thickness is 100μm.

S1，制备中间为空气纤芯，外层为包层的预制棒结构。该步骤S1具体包括S11：制备PEI和As ₂Se ₃双层薄膜，具体为通过真空加热蒸发的方法在厚度为30μm的PEI薄膜上蒸镀20μm的As ₂Se ₃玻璃。优选地，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，材料所接触到的物质比如薄膜和坩埚应充分干燥去除其中水分，防止As ₂Se ₃玻璃高温下和水氧反应。S12：将蒸镀好的双层薄膜沿圆棒进行卷绕，卷绕层数18层。进而得到内层为空气纤芯外侧为包层的预制棒结构。 S1: Prepare a preform structure with an air core in the middle and a clad in the outer layer. This step S1 specifically includes S11: preparing a PEI and As ₂ Se ₃ _{double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 20 μm As 2} Se ₃ glass on a 30 μm thick PEI film by vacuum heating and evaporation. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process, and the materials contacted by the material, such as films and crucibles, should be fully dried to remove moisture from them to prevent the As ₂ Se ₃ glass from reacting with water and oxygen at high temperatures. S12: The vapor-deposited double-layer film is wound along a round rod, and the number of winding layers is 18 layers. Furthermore, a preform structure in which the inner layer is an air core and the outer side is a cladding layer is obtained.

S2，在所述包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PEI薄膜，该PEI薄膜的厚度为 0.5mm；S22：卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固，取出后得到内层预制棒。S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the cladding layer to obtain an inner preform; this step specifically includes, S21: directly winding the PEI film on the outside of the preform structure obtained in S1, The thickness of the PEI film is 0.5mm; S22: After winding, it is fixed with raw tape, and then put into a tube furnace for thermosetting, and after taking it out, an inner preform is obtained.

S3，制备一空心套管，该空心套管即为该最外层，并将空心套管套于内层预制棒外侧得到空芯的光纤预制棒。S3, preparing a hollow sleeve, which is the outermost layer, and sheathing the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain a hollow optical fiber preform.

具体为，将PEI颗粒和氟化物颗粒充分打碎，按照重量比为PEI：氟化物＝6:4混合，然后用搅拌机充分混合。用热压机将这种混合物热压为实心棒，再用打孔机在实心棒中心钻制和内层预制棒同样大小的空心孔，得到空心套管。将空心套管和内层预制棒套在一起，进行加热让内层预制棒和空心管熔合在一起，再取出内层预制棒内的圆棒，就可以得到光纤预制棒。Specifically, the PEI particles and the fluoride particles are fully crushed, and mixed according to the weight ratio of PEI: fluoride=6:4, and then thoroughly mixed with a mixer. The mixture is hot-pressed into a solid rod with a hot press, and then a hollow hole of the same size as the inner preform rod is drilled in the center of the solid rod with a punching machine to obtain a hollow casing. Sleeve the hollow tube and the inner preform together, heat it to fuse the inner preform and the hollow tube, and then take out the round rod in the inner preform to obtain the optical fiber preform.

实施例4：Example 4:

该实施例中的光纤，中心的光纤结构为光子带隙结构，中心的纤芯为空气纤芯，该空气纤芯的直径为500μm。空气纤芯的外层为包层，该包层包括第一包层和第二包层，该第一包层为As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃，该第二包层为PES。该第一包层位于最内侧，并且第一包层和第二包层交替层叠设置，设置各12层。第一包层和第二包层的厚度分别为0.6μm和1.4μm。 In the optical fiber in this embodiment, the central fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, and the central fiber core is an air core, and the diameter of the air core is 500 μm. The outer layer of the air core is a cladding layer, the cladding layer includes a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer, the first cladding layer is As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass, and the second cladding layer is PES. The first cladding layer is located at the innermost side, and the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are alternately stacked, and each 12 layers are provided. The thickness of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are 0.6 μm and 1.4 μm, respectively.

柔性增强层包括最内层，该最内层为多层PES薄膜。该最内层的厚度为40μm，该PEI薄膜外侧设有最外层，该最外层为改性聚合物材料，为PES和硅胶颗粒以8:2的质量比混合制得，该最外层的厚度为120μm。The flexibility enhancement layer includes the innermost layer, and the innermost layer is a multilayer PES film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 40μm, and the outermost layer is provided on the outside of the PEI film. The outermost layer is made of modified polymer material and is made by mixing PES and silica gel particles in a mass ratio of 8:2. The outermost layer The thickness is 120μm.

S1，制备中间为空气纤芯，外层为包层的预制棒结构。该步骤S1具体包括S11：制备PES和As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀双层薄膜，具体为通过真空加热蒸发的方法在厚度为35μm的PES薄膜上蒸镀15μm的As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃。优选地，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，材料所接触到的物质比如薄膜和坩埚应充分干燥去除其中水分，防止As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃高温下和水氧反应。S12：将蒸镀好的双层薄膜沿圆棒进行卷绕。进而得到内层为空气纤芯外侧为包层的预制棒结构。 S1: Prepare a preform structure with an air core in the middle and a clad in the outer layer. This step S1 specifically includes S11: preparing a PES and As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ _{double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 15 μm As 30} Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass on a 35 μm thick PES film by vacuum heating and evaporation. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process, and the materials contacted by the material, such as films and crucibles, should be fully dried to remove moisture in order to prevent the As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass from being exposed to water and oxygen at high temperatures. reaction. S12: Wind the vapor-deposited double-layer film along a round rod. Furthermore, a preform structure in which the inner layer is an air core and the outer side is a cladding layer is obtained.

S2，在所述包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PES薄膜，该PES薄膜卷绕层的厚度为1mm；S22：卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固，取出后得到内层预制棒。S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the cladding layer to obtain an inner preform; this step specifically includes, S21: directly winding a PES film on the outside of the preform structure obtained in S1, The thickness of the winding layer of the PES film is 1mm; S22: After winding is completed, it is fixed with a raw tape, and then put into a tube furnace for thermosetting, and the inner layer preform is obtained after being taken out.

S3，制备空心套管，该空心套管即为该最外层，并将空心套管套于内层预制棒外侧得到空芯的光纤预制棒。S3, preparing a hollow sleeve, which is the outermost layer, and sheathing the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain a hollow optical fiber preform.

具体为，将PEI颗粒和硅胶颗粒充分打碎，重量比为PEI：硅胶＝8:2混合，然后用搅拌机充分混合。用热压机将这种混合物热压为实心棒状，再用打孔机在实心棒中心钻制和内层预制棒同样大小的空心孔，得到空心套管。将空心套管和内层预制棒套在一起，进行加热让内层预制棒和空心套管熔合在一起，再取出内层预制棒内的圆棒，就可以得到光纤预制棒。Specifically, the PEI particles and the silica gel particles are fully crushed, and the weight ratio is PEI: silica gel=8:2 and mixed, and then fully mixed with a mixer. Use a hot press to heat this mixture into a solid rod shape, and then use a punching machine to drill a hollow hole of the same size as the inner preform rod in the center of the solid rod to obtain a hollow sleeve. Sleeve the hollow tube and the inner preform together, heat it to fuse the inner preform and the hollow tube, and then take out the round rod in the inner preform to obtain the optical fiber preform.

S4，拉制所述光纤预制棒。将得到的光纤预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝，通过控制拉丝比例，可以控制光纤预制棒和所得纤维的实际缩放比例，进而最终控制所得光纤的传输波段。拉制温度为510℃。S4, drawing the optical fiber preform. The obtained optical fiber preform is drawn with a drawing tower, and by controlling the drawing ratio, the actual scaling ratio of the optical fiber preform and the obtained fiber can be controlled, and finally the transmission band of the obtained optical fiber can be controlled. The drawing temperature is 510°C.

实施例5：Example 5:

该实施例的光纤，中心的光纤结构为光子带隙结构，该空气纤芯的直径为650μm。空气纤芯的外层为包层，该包层包括第一包层和第二包层，该第一包层为As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃，该第二包层为PES。该第一包层位于最内侧，并且第一包层和第二包层交替层叠设置，设置各9层。第一包层和第二包层的厚度分别为0.33μm和0.66μm。 In the optical fiber of this embodiment, the central optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, and the diameter of the air core is 650 μm. The outer layer of the air core is a cladding layer, the cladding layer includes a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer, the first cladding layer is As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass, and the second cladding layer is PES. The first cladding layer is located at the innermost side, and the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are alternately stacked, and each 9 layers are provided. The thickness of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are 0.33 μm and 0.66 μm, respectively.

柔性增强层包括最内层，该最内层为多层PES薄膜。该最内层的厚度为25μm，该PEI薄膜外侧设有最外层，该最外层为PPSU，该最外层的厚度为75μm。The flexibility enhancement layer includes the innermost layer, and the innermost layer is a multilayer PES film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 25 μm, the outermost layer is provided on the outside of the PEI film, the outermost layer is PPSU, and the thickness of the outermost layer is 75 μm.

S1，制备中间为空气纤芯，外层为包层的预制棒结构。该步骤S1具体包括S11：制备PES和As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀双层薄膜，具体为通过真空加热蒸发的方法在厚度为30μm的PES薄膜上蒸镀15μm的As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃。优选地，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，材料所接触到的物质比如薄膜和坩埚应充分干燥去除其中水分，防止As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃高温下和水氧反应。S12：将蒸镀好的双层薄膜沿圆棒进行卷绕，卷绕层数15层。进而得到内层为空气纤芯外侧为包层的预制棒结构。 S1: Prepare a preform structure with an air core in the middle and a clad in the outer layer. This step S1 specifically includes S11: preparing a PES and As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ _{double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 15 μm As 30} Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass on a 30 μm thick PES film by vacuum heating and evaporation. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process, and the materials contacted by the material, such as films and crucibles, should be fully dried to remove moisture from them to prevent the As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass from being exposed to water and oxygen at high temperatures. reaction. S12: The vapor-deposited double-layer film is wound along a round bar, and the number of winding layers is 15 layers. Furthermore, a preform structure in which the inner layer is an air core and the outer side is a cladding layer is obtained.

S2，在所述包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PES薄膜，该PES薄膜层的厚度为1mm；S22：卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固，取出后得到内层预制棒。S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the cladding layer to obtain an inner preform; this step specifically includes, S21: directly winding a PES film on the outside of the preform structure obtained in S1, The thickness of the PES film layer is 1mm; S22: After winding, it is fixed with raw tape, and then put into a tube furnace for thermosetting, and after taking it out, an inner preform is obtained.

具体为，将PPSU颗粒热压为实心棒状，再用打孔机在实心棒中心钻制和内层预制棒同样大小的空心孔，得到空心套管。将空心套管和内层预制棒套在一起，进行加热让内层预制棒和空心管熔合在一起，再取出内层预制棒内的圆棒，就可以得到光纤预制棒。Specifically, the PPSU particles are hot pressed into a solid rod shape, and then a hollow hole of the same size as the inner preform rod is drilled in the center of the solid rod with a punching machine to obtain a hollow casing. Sleeve the hollow tube and the inner preform together, heat it to fuse the inner preform and the hollow tube, and then take out the round rod in the inner preform to obtain the optical fiber preform.

S4，拉制所述光纤预制棒。将得到的光纤预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝，通过控制拉丝比例，可以控制光纤预制棒和所得纤维的实际缩放比例，进而最终控制所得光纤的传输波段。S4, drawing the optical fiber preform. The obtained optical fiber preform is drawn with a drawing tower, and by controlling the drawing ratio, the actual scaling ratio of the optical fiber preform and the obtained fiber can be controlled, and finally the transmission band of the obtained optical fiber can be controlled.

上述实施例1-5均为对光子带隙结构形式的光纤的优化，此类光纤可以作为激光手术刀在手术中进行运用。目前该领域中采用的光纤由于刚度过强，难以弯曲，对手术中的切割部位，病人的姿势都产生了一定的限制，为了解决这一问题，提出了以上几种光纤的优化方案，这些方案均可以大幅降低光纤刚度，避免由于手术刀刚度过强产生的问题。同时，该些实施例显著降低了光纤与驱动模块结合的门槛，为可驱动激光手术刀提供了基础。The foregoing embodiments 1-5 are all optimizations of optical fibers in the form of photonic bandgap structures, and such optical fibers can be used as laser scalpels in surgery. At present, the optical fiber used in this field is too rigid and difficult to bend, which imposes certain restrictions on the cutting part during the operation and the patient's posture. In order to solve this problem, several optimization solutions for the above optical fibers have been proposed. These solutions Both can greatly reduce the rigidity of the optical fiber and avoid the problems caused by the excessive rigidity of the scalpel. At the same time, these embodiments significantly lower the threshold for the combination of the optical fiber and the driving module, and provide a basis for the driveable laser scalpel.

实施例6：Example 6:

该实施例的柔性光纤，内侧的光纤结构为芯包结构，纤芯为As ₄₀Se ₆₀玻璃，包层为As ₄₀S ₆₀玻璃。纤芯直径200μm，包层直径300μm。该实施例外侧的柔性增强层有三层，最内层为PEI，中间层为PEI和PVDF(1:1)的共混物，最外层为PVDF。 In the flexible optical fiber of this embodiment, the inner fiber structure is a core-clad structure, the core is As ₄₀ Se ₆₀ glass, and the cladding is As ₄₀ S ₆₀ glass. The core diameter is 200 μm, and the cladding diameter is 300 μm. The flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of this embodiment has three layers, the innermost layer is PEI, the middle layer is a blend of PEI and PVDF (1:1), and the outermost layer is PVDF.

该柔性光纤的制作方法，包括：The manufacturing method of the flexible optical fiber includes:

S1，制备光纤结构预制棒；具体包括，通过机械加工的方式，获取直径为1cm，长10cm的As ₄₀Se ₆₀玻璃圆柱以及外直径为1.5cm，内直径2cm，长12cm的As ₄₀S ₆₀玻璃套管。将As ₄₀Se ₆₀玻璃圆柱***As ₄₀S ₆₀的玻璃套管内，即得到光纤结构的预制棒。 S1. Preparation of optical fiber structure preforms; specifically including, by mechanical processing, obtaining As ₄₀ Se ₆₀ _{glass cylinders with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm and As 40} S ₆₀ glass with an outer diameter of 1.5 cm, an inner diameter of 2 cm and a length of 12 cm casing. Insert the As ₄₀ Se ₆₀ glass cylinder into the As ₄₀ S ₆₀ glass sleeve to obtain the preform of the optical fiber structure.

S2，在所述包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的光纤结构的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PEI薄膜，该PEI薄膜层的宽度为15cm，厚度为2.5mm，同时用聚合物颗粒将As ₄₀S ₆₀玻璃套管短于PEI薄膜层的部分填实，防止硫系玻璃高温下与空气接触进而减少杂质形成；S22：卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固，取出后得到内层预制棒。 S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outer side of the cladding layer to obtain an inner preform; this step specifically includes, S21: directly outside the preform structure of the optical fiber structure obtained in S1, winding PEI film. The width of the PEI film layer is 15cm and the thickness is 2.5mm. At the same time, the part of the As ₄₀ S ₆₀ glass sleeve shorter than the PEI film layer is filled with polymer particles to prevent the chalcogenide glass from contacting air at high temperatures. Reduce the formation of impurities; S22: After the winding is completed, fix it with raw tape, then put it into the tube furnace for thermosetting, and take it out to obtain the inner preform.

S3，制备两个空心套管，该空心套管即为柔性增强层的中间层和最外层，并将空心套管套于内层预制棒外侧得到光纤预制棒。S3, preparing two hollow sleeves, which are the middle layer and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer, and sleeve the hollow sleeves on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain an optical fiber preform.

具体为，将PEI颗粒和PVDF颗粒充分打碎，按照重量比为PEI：PVDF＝1:1混合，然后用搅拌机充分混合。将混合物热压为长15cm，直径3cm的实芯圆柱。再通过打孔机在实心圆柱中心钻制直径为2.5cm的圆孔，得到中间层空心套管。将PVDF颗粒热压为长15cm，直径为4cm的实心圆柱，再用打孔机在实心棒中心钻制直径为3cm的空心孔，得到最外层空心套管。将中间层空心套管和最外层空心套管依次套在内层预制棒上，然后放入管式炉热固，取出后得到光纤预置棒。Specifically, the PEI particles and PVDF particles are fully crushed, mixed according to the weight ratio of PEI:PVDF=1:1, and then fully mixed with a mixer. The mixture was hot pressed into a solid cylinder with a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 3 cm. Then, a circular hole with a diameter of 2.5 cm is drilled in the center of the solid cylinder by a punching machine to obtain a hollow casing in the middle layer. The PVDF particles are hot pressed into a solid cylinder with a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 4 cm, and then a hollow hole with a diameter of 3 cm is drilled in the center of the solid rod with a punching machine to obtain the outermost hollow casing. The middle layer hollow sleeve and the outermost layer hollow sleeve are sequentially sheathed on the inner preform, and then put into a tube furnace for thermosetting, and the optical fiber preform is obtained after being taken out.

S4，拉制所述光纤预制棒。将得到的光纤预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝，即可得到所需光纤，拉丝温度为430℃。S4, drawing the optical fiber preform. The obtained optical fiber preform is drawn with a drawing tower to obtain the required optical fiber, and the drawing temperature is 430°C.

实施例7：Example 7:

如图3所示，该柔性光纤，中心的光纤结构一根，为光子带隙结构，该光纤结构中该空气纤芯1的直径为650μm。空气纤芯1的外层为包层2，该包层包括第一包层和第二包层，该第一包层为As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃，该第二包层为PES。该第一包层位于最内侧，并且第一包层和第二包层交替层叠设置，设置各9层。第一包层和第二包层的厚度分别为0.33μm和0.66μm。 As shown in FIG. 3, the flexible optical fiber has one fiber structure in the center, which is a photonic band gap structure, and the diameter of the air core 1 in the fiber structure is 650 μm. The outer layer of the air core 1 is a cladding layer 2. The cladding layer includes a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer. The first cladding layer is As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass, and the second cladding layer is PES. The first cladding layer is located at the innermost side, and the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are alternately stacked, and each 9 layers are provided. The thickness of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer are 0.33 μm and 0.66 μm, respectively.

柔性增强层包括最内层33，该最内层33为多层PES薄膜。该最内层的厚度为25μm，该 PES薄膜外侧设有最外层31，该最外层31材料为PPSU，该最外层31的厚度为75μm。柔性增强层的最外层增加了石英光纤光栅传感器40用于形态监控，该石英光纤光栅传感器40包括三根单独设置的传感纤维41，在最外层31内均匀分布。The flexibility enhancement layer includes the innermost layer 33, which is a multilayer PES film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 25 μm, the outermost layer 31 is provided on the outside of the PES film, the material of the outermost layer 31 is PPSU, and the thickness of the outermost layer 31 is 75 μm. A silica fiber grating sensor 40 is added to the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer for morphological monitoring. The silica fiber grating sensor 40 includes three individually arranged sensing fibers 41 uniformly distributed in the outermost layer 31.

S1，制备中间为空气纤芯，外层为包层的预制棒结构。该步骤S1具体包括S11：制备PES和As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀双层薄膜，具体为通过真空加热蒸发的方法在厚度为30μm的PES薄膜上蒸镀15μm的As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃。优选地，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，材料所接触到的物质比如薄膜和坩埚应充分干燥去除其中水分，防止As ₃₀Se ₅₀Te ₂₀玻璃高温下和水氧反应。S12：将蒸镀好的双层薄膜沿圆棒进行卷绕，卷绕层数15层。进而得到内层为空气纤芯外侧为包层的预制棒结构。 S1: Prepare a preform structure with an air core in the middle and a clad in the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparing a PES and As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ _{double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 15 μm As 30} Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass on a 30 μm thick PES film by vacuum heating and evaporation. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process, and the materials contacted by the material, such as films and crucibles, should be fully dried to remove moisture in order to prevent the As ₃₀ Se ₅₀ Te ₂₀ glass from being exposed to water and oxygen at high temperatures. reaction. S12: The vapor-deposited double-layer film is wound along a round rod, and the number of winding layers is 15 layers. Furthermore, a preform structure in which the inner layer is an air core and the outer side is a cladding layer is obtained.

S3，制备一空心套管，该空心套管即为该最外层，并将空心套管套于内层预制棒外侧得到空芯的光纤预制棒。具体为，将PPSU颗粒热压为实心棒状，再用打孔机在实心棒中心钻制和内层预制棒同样大小的空心孔，得到空心套管。将空心套管和内层预制棒套在一起，进行加热让内层预制棒和空心管熔合在一起，再取出内层预制棒内的圆棒，就可以得到光纤预制棒。然后在光纤预置棒最外层与圆心相互夹角为120°的三个点钻制三个2mm的圆孔作为石英光纤光栅传感器***的位置。S3, preparing a hollow sleeve, which is the outermost layer, and sheathing the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain a hollow optical fiber preform. Specifically, the PPSU particles are hot pressed into a solid rod shape, and then a hollow hole of the same size as the inner preform rod is drilled in the center of the solid rod with a punching machine to obtain a hollow casing. Sleeve the hollow tube and the inner preform together, heat it to fuse the inner preform and the hollow tube, and then take out the round rod in the inner preform to obtain the optical fiber preform. Then three 2mm circular holes are drilled at three points where the outermost layer of the optical fiber pre-rod and the center of the circle are at an angle of 120° to each other as the position where the quartz fiber grating sensor is inserted.

S4，在热拉制过程中，在三个2mm空孔中分别***直径为125μm的具有形态感知功能的传感纤维41，借助拉制过程中预制棒空孔内缩产生的张力，将传感纤维嵌入光纤结构中，最终得到一根同时具备形状力学传感、激光传输功能的柔性红外传输纤维。拉制温度为550℃。S4. In the process of hot drawing, the sensing fiber 41 with a diameter of 125μm is inserted into the three 2mm holes with a shape sensing function. The fiber is embedded in the fiber structure, and finally a flexible infrared transmission fiber with the functions of shape mechanics sensing and laser transmission is obtained. The drawing temperature is 550°C.

实施例8：Example 8:

该实施例中，如图4所示，柔性增强层内侧的光纤结构不止一种，包括硫系玻璃光纤结构10以及聚合物光纤结构20，该硫系玻璃光纤结构10用于传输激光，所述聚合物光纤结构20用于传输可见光，因此可以在一根柔性光纤中同时实现了形状传感、激光传输、以及可见光照明的功能。另外该柔性光纤中还包含石英光纤光栅传感器40，该石英光纤光栅传感器包括三根并列设置的传感纤维41，并且通过一外层结构包裹为一体，位于该柔性增强层的最外层的其中一个空孔中。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, there is more than one type of fiber structure inside the flexible reinforcement layer, including a chalcogenide glass fiber structure 10 and a polymer fiber structure 20. The chalcogenide glass fiber structure 10 is used to transmit laser light. The polymer optical fiber structure 20 is used to transmit visible light, so it can simultaneously realize the functions of shape sensing, laser transmission, and visible light illumination in a flexible optical fiber. In addition, the flexible optical fiber also contains a quartz fiber grating sensor 40. The quartz fiber grating sensor includes three sensing fibers 41 arranged side by side, which are wrapped as a whole by an outer layer structure, and are located in one of the outermost layers of the flexible enhanced layer. Empty hole.

所述硫系玻璃光纤结构10为芯包结构光纤，包括芯层101为As ₄₀Se ₆₀，并且其包层102为As _39.5S _60.5。该聚合物照明光纤，也为芯包结构，芯层201为PEI，包层202为PPSU。 The chalcogenide glass optical fiber structure 10 is a core-clad optical fiber, including the core layer 101 is As ₄₀ Se ₆₀ , and the cladding layer 102 is As _39.5 S _60.5 . The polymer lighting fiber also has a core-wrap structure, the core layer 201 is PEI, and the cladding layer 202 is PPSU.

并且该柔性增强层包括设于硫系玻璃光纤结构10外侧的最内层32，该聚合物照明光纤结构的包层202同时起到传输光的作用，又起到柔性增强层最内层的作用，即该聚合物照明光纤外的柔性增强层的最内层为其芯包结构的包层。该柔性增强层中的最外层31为PPSU和氟化物以6:4质量比例混合的改性聚合物。并且该柔性增强层还包括分别对应硫系玻璃光纤结构和聚合物光纤结构的中间层33，设于最内层与最外层之间。And the flexible enhancement layer includes the innermost layer 32 arranged on the outer side of the chalcogenide glass fiber structure 10. The cladding layer 202 of the polymer lighting fiber structure simultaneously functions to transmit light and also functions as the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer. , That is, the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer outside the polymer lighting fiber is the cladding layer of the core-wrap structure. The outermost layer 31 in the flexible reinforcing layer is a modified polymer mixed with PPSU and fluoride in a mass ratio of 6:4. In addition, the flexible enhanced layer also includes an intermediate layer 33 corresponding to the chalcogenide glass fiber structure and the polymer fiber structure, respectively, and is arranged between the innermost layer and the outermost layer.

该光纤的制造方法：The manufacturing method of the optical fiber:

S1：制备芯包结构的预制棒。该步骤S1具体包括通过双坩埚法通过挤出得到直径为4mm的芯层为As ₄₀Se ₆₀包层为As _39.5S _60.5的硫系玻璃预制棒结构。同时该步骤S1还包括通过套管法制备得到外径为5mm的芯层为PEI包层为PPSU的聚合物预制棒。聚合物预制棒的包层既作为光纤结构的导光包层，也作为柔性增强层中的最内层，因此无需进行S2步骤制备即可得到聚合物内层预制棒。 S1: Prepare a preform with a core-wrap structure. This step S1 specifically includes obtaining a chalcogenide glass preform structure with _{a core layer of As 40} Se _{60 and a} cladding layer of As _39.5 S _60.5 with a diameter of 4 mm through extrusion through a double crucible method. At the same time, the step S1 also includes preparing a polymer preform with an outer diameter of 5 mm and a core layer of PEI and a cladding layer of PPSU by the sleeve method. The cladding of the polymer preform serves as both the light guide cladding of the optical fiber structure and the innermost layer in the flexible enhancement layer, so the polymer inner preform can be obtained without the preparation of the S2 step.

S2：在所述硫系玻璃预制棒包层的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到一硫系玻璃内层预制棒；该步骤具体包括，S21：直接在上述S1中得到的预制棒结构外侧，卷绕PPSU薄膜，该PPSU薄膜的厚度为1mm；S22：卷绕完成后用加热所述S21中得到的结构，使PPSU层与内部的预制棒结构充分融合，取出后得到硫系玻璃内层预制棒。S2: Prepare the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outer side of the chalcogenide glass preform clad to obtain a chalcogenide glass inner layer preform; this step specifically includes, S21: the preform directly obtained in the above S1 On the outside of the structure, wind the PPSU film, the thickness of the PPSU film is 1mm; S22: After the winding is completed, heat the structure obtained in S21 to fully fuse the PPSU layer with the internal preform structure, and then take out the chalcogenide glass Inner preform.

S3：制备带有空孔的最外层套管以及中间层套管，该带有空孔的最外层套管即为该最外层，并将中间层套管、硫系玻璃内层预制棒和聚合物内层预制棒分别***最外层套管的空孔中，即可得到光纤预制棒。S3: Prepare the outermost casing with holes and the middle casing, the outermost casing with hollows is the outermost layer, and prefabricate the middle casing and the inner layer of chalcogenide glass The rod and the polymer inner layer preform are respectively inserted into the hollow holes of the outermost sleeve to obtain the optical fiber preform.

具体为，将PPSU颗粒和氟化物颗粒以4:6的重量比例混合，然后用化学试剂将混合物充分溶解。在对溶液进行充分搅拌后，烘干溶液中的化学溶剂，得到PPSU和氟化物颗粒的混合物。用热压机将这种混合物热压为直径为16mm的实心圆棒状，再用打孔机在圆棒内侧三处分别钻制出直径为7mm、6mm和6mm的空孔，得到最外层套管。将PPSU颗粒和氟化物颗粒以6:4的重量比例混合，然后用化学试剂将混合物充分溶解。在对溶液进行充分搅拌后，烘干溶液中的化学溶剂，得到PPSU和氟化物颗粒的混合物。用热压机和钻孔设备将混合物制备成外径7mm、内径6mm的中间层套管、外径6mm、内径5mm的中间层套管，以及外径为6mm中间包含三个直径2mm空孔的传感器套管结构。先将中间层套管分别***最外层套管的对应的孔中，然后将硫系玻璃内层预制棒***内径6mm的中间层套管中，聚合物内层预制棒***内径5mm的中间层套管中，以及将传感器套管放入相应的空孔中，并通过加热使预制棒充分融合，即可得到光纤预制棒。Specifically, the PPSU particles and the fluoride particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 4:6, and then the mixture is fully dissolved with a chemical reagent. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain a mixture of PPSU and fluoride particles. Use a hot press to heat the mixture into a solid round rod with a diameter of 16mm, and then use a punching machine to drill holes with diameters of 7mm, 6mm and 6mm on the inner side of the rod to obtain the outermost sleeve. Tube. The PPSU particles and fluoride particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4, and then the mixture is fully dissolved with chemical reagents. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain a mixture of PPSU and fluoride particles. Use a hot press and drilling equipment to prepare the mixture into an intermediate sleeve with an outer diameter of 7mm and an inner diameter of 6mm, an intermediate sleeve with an outer diameter of 6mm, and an inner diameter of 5mm, and an outer diameter of 6mm with three 2mm diameter holes in the middle. Sensor casing structure. First insert the middle layer casing into the corresponding holes of the outermost casing, then insert the chalcogenide glass inner layer preform into the middle layer casing with an inner diameter of 6mm, and insert the polymer inner layer preform into the middle layer with an inner diameter of 5mm In the sleeve, and put the sensor sleeve into the corresponding hole, and heat the preform to fully fuse, then the optical fiber preform can be obtained.

S4：在热拉制过程中，在传感器套管的3个2mm空孔中***直径为125μm的传感纤维，借助拉制过程中预制棒空孔内缩产生的张力，将石英光纤光栅传感器嵌入光纤结构中，最终得到一根同时具备形状传感、激光传输、以及可见光照明的功能的柔性传输纤维。拉制温度为510℃。S4: During the hot drawing process, insert a sensor fiber with a diameter of 125μm into the three 2mm holes of the sensor sleeve, and embed the quartz fiber grating sensor with the tension generated by the shrinkage of the preform hole during the drawing process In the optical fiber structure, a flexible transmission fiber with the functions of shape sensing, laser transmission, and visible light illumination is finally obtained. The drawing temperature is 510°C.

实施例9：Example 9:

该实施例中，如图5、6所示，将基于实施例7的柔性光纤制备得到可驱动激光手术刀。该激光手术刀包括多个沿一轴向间隔设置的盘状体100，以及连接各个盘状体100的驱动丝200，所述盘状体上设有多个孔，上述实施例8中的柔性光纤300依次穿过每个盘状体设置，并且驱动丝200可以连接驱动装置和控制装置，使得各个盘状体之间的相互运动，使得该可驱动激光手术刀成为一能够弯曲转动的柔性体。该驱动丝200如图5、6所示为至少两个，可以用于控制盘状体100之间的相互运动，并且驱动丝200的个数越多，均匀分布，更加容易实现盘状体之间相互转动进而使得整个激光手术刀精准弯曲的效果。In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the flexible optical fiber based on embodiment 7 is prepared to obtain a driveable laser scalpel. The laser scalpel includes a plurality of disk-shaped bodies 100 arranged at intervals along an axial direction, and a drive wire 200 connecting each disk-shaped body 100. The disk-shaped bodies are provided with a plurality of holes. The optical fiber 300 is set through each disc in turn, and the drive wire 200 can be connected to the driving device and the control device, so that the mutual movement between the discs makes the driveable laser scalpel become a flexible body that can bend and rotate . The driving wires 200 are at least two as shown in Figures 5 and 6, which can be used to control the mutual movement between the disc-shaped bodies 100. The more the number of the driving wires 200, the more uniformly distributed, the easier it is to realize the disc-shaped bodies. Rotate each other to make the entire laser scalpel bend precisely.

纤维态状态传感器如实施例7中所述，设于柔性光纤的内侧，包括三根传感纤维，通过检测石英光纤光栅传感器内的波长的变化，即可实现对柔性光纤，即整个激光手术刀的形态检测和判断。该实施例中的柔性光纤300可以同时具备可见光照明、激光传输和形态感知的功能，或者至少具备其中的部分功能。The fiber state sensor is set on the inner side of the flexible optical fiber as described in Example 7, and includes three sensing fibers. By detecting the wavelength change in the quartz fiber grating sensor, the flexible optical fiber, that is, the entire laser scalpel can be controlled. Morphological detection and judgment. The flexible optical fiber 300 in this embodiment may have the functions of visible light illumination, laser transmission, and shape perception at the same time, or at least have some of these functions.

并且如图所示，该激光手术刀还包括外壳400，该外壳400包括多块相互铰接、并且同样沿柔性光纤的长度方向延伸的铰接块，铰接块之间可以相互转动，进而配合其内侧的盘状体100以及柔性光纤的运动。该盘状体100和外壳400以及驱动丝，即为该激光手术刀的骨架部分。And as shown in the figure, the laser scalpel also includes a housing 400, which includes a plurality of hinge blocks that are hinged to each other and also extend along the length of the flexible optical fiber. The hinge blocks can rotate with each other to match the inner The movement of the disc 100 and the flexible optical fiber. The disk-shaped body 100, the housing 400 and the driving wire are the skeleton part of the laser scalpel.

具体而言，这种激光刀本质上一种多通道软体机器人，其内的柔性光纤能够传输激光实现目标组织部位的消融，属于激光手术刀的主体；驱动丝和盘状体，用于控制以及整个机器人的弯曲运动，可以由电机等驱动装置以及控制装置予以控制；并且还可以再其内设置石英光纤光栅传感器用于感知其形态。最终得到一种具备形态感知以及激光传输功能的激光手术刀。Specifically, this laser knife is essentially a multi-channel soft robot. The flexible optical fiber inside it can transmit laser to achieve ablation of the target tissue. It belongs to the main body of the laser scalpel; the drive wire and the disc are used for control and the entire The bending movement of the robot can be controlled by a driving device such as a motor and a control device; and a quartz fiber grating sensor can also be installed in it to sense its shape. Finally, a laser scalpel with shape sensing and laser transmission functions is obtained.

实施例10：Example 10:

该实施例中，将基于实施例5的柔性光纤制备得到可驱动激光手术刀。该激光手术刀包括多个沿一轴向间隔设置的盘状体100，连接各个盘状体100的驱动丝200，柔性光纤300依次穿过每个盘状体设置，在柔性光纤300外侧的成像元件和照明元件，所述成像元件和照明元件同样设于盘状体100限定的范围内，与盘状体100连接。该实施例中的柔性光纤300可以仅具有激光传输的功能。所述盘状体上设有多个孔，上述实施例8中的柔性光纤依次穿过每个盘状体设置，并且驱动丝200可以连接驱动装置和控制装置，使得各个盘状体之间的相互运动，使得该可驱动激光手术刀成为一能够弯曲转动的柔性体。该驱动丝200为至少两个，可以用于控制盘状体100之间的相互运动，并且驱动丝200的个数越多，均匀分布，更加容易实现盘状体之间相互转动进而使得整个激光手术刀精准弯曲的效果。纤维态状态传感器设于柔性光纤的外侧，同样穿过盘状体上的孔，并且与柔性光纤300同向延伸。该纤维态状态传感器为石英光纤光栅传感器，可以包括三根传感纤维，通过检测石英光纤光栅传感器内的波长的变化，即可实现对柔性光纤，即整个激光手术刀的形态检测和判断。所述成像元件和照明元件可以是成像和照明一体化的光纤束，也可以是分体的两个部件，例如所述成像元件可以是CCD或CMOS相机，照明元件可以为可选的照明光源，该成像元件和照明元件用于在激光手术过程中提供实时照明和视觉反馈。In this embodiment, the flexible optical fiber based on embodiment 5 is prepared to obtain a driveable laser scalpel. The laser scalpel includes a plurality of disk-shaped bodies 100 arranged at intervals along an axial direction, and a drive wire 200 connected to each disk-shaped body 100. The element and the lighting element, the imaging element and the lighting element are also arranged within the range defined by the disc 100 and connected to the disc 100. The flexible optical fiber 300 in this embodiment may only have the function of laser transmission. The disc-shaped body is provided with a plurality of holes, the flexible optical fiber in the above-mentioned embodiment 8 is arranged through each disc-shaped body in turn, and the drive wire 200 can be connected to the driving device and the control device, so that the gap between the disc-shaped bodies The mutual movement makes the driveable laser scalpel become a flexible body that can bend and rotate. There are at least two driving wires 200, which can be used to control the mutual movement between the disc-shaped bodies 100, and the more the number of the driving wires 200, the more uniformly distributed, the easier it is to realize the mutual rotation between the disc-shaped bodies so as to make the entire laser The effect of precise bending of the scalpel. The fiber state sensor is arranged on the outside of the flexible optical fiber, passes through the hole on the disc-shaped body, and extends in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber 300. The fiber state sensor is a quartz fiber grating sensor, which may include three sensing fibers. By detecting the wavelength change in the quartz fiber grating sensor, the shape detection and judgment of the flexible fiber, that is, the entire laser scalpel can be realized. The imaging element and the illuminating element can be an integrated optical fiber bundle for imaging and illumination, or can be two separate parts. For example, the imaging element can be a CCD or CMOS camera, and the illuminating element can be an optional illuminating light source, The imaging element and lighting element are used to provide real-time illumination and visual feedback during laser surgery.

当所述成像元件和照明元件为一体化的光纤束时，一体化的光纤束时可通过各个盘状体100的实现近端到远端的传递，并可同时提供照明和成像功能；后者所述的CCD或CMOS相机可以提供成像功能，同时可配置光纤束或LED等照明元件来提供照明功能，这些元件的本体或线缆可通过各个盘状体100实现近端到远端的传递。所述成像元件获得的视觉信息可以用于柔性激光刀的视觉反馈，并结合视觉伺服算法进行精准控制来实现精准激光手术操作。When the imaging element and the illuminating element are integrated optical fiber bundles, the integrated optical fiber bundles can be transmitted from the proximal end to the distal end through each disc 100, and can provide illumination and imaging functions at the same time; the latter The CCD or CMOS camera can provide imaging function, and at the same time, it can be equipped with lighting elements such as fiber optic bundles or LEDs to provide lighting function. The visual information obtained by the imaging element can be used for visual feedback of the flexible laser knife, and combined with a visual servo algorithm for precise control to realize precise laser surgery operations.

该三根传感纤维，可以设于柔性光纤300的外侧，沿所述盘状体100的周向均匀分布，即相互之间呈120度角，也可以是三根传感纤维并列设置形成一体的一根结构，穿设于多个盘状体100的孔内，并且与柔性光纤300同向延伸即可。The three sensing fibers may be arranged on the outside of the flexible optical fiber 300 and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the disc-shaped body 100, that is, at an angle of 120 degrees to each other, or may be three sensing fibers arranged side by side to form an integrated one. The root structure is inserted into the holes of the plurality of disc-shaped bodies 100 and extends in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber 300.

还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should also be noted that the terms "include", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes Other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also include elements inherent to such processes, methods, commodities, or equipment. If there are no more restrictions, the element defined by the sentence "including a..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or equipment that includes the element.

以上仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。The above are only examples of the application, and are not used to limit the application. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included in the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

一种柔性光纤，其特征在于：包括A flexible optical fiber, which is characterized in that it comprises

位于中心的光纤结构，所述光纤结构具有高功率激光传输功能；The optical fiber structure located in the center, the optical fiber structure has a high-power laser transmission function;

包裹所述光纤结构的柔性增强层，所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，并且所述柔性增强层中的最外层具有低刚度；A flexible reinforced layer wrapping the optical fiber structure, the flexible reinforced layer includes at least two layers, and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer has low rigidity;

所述柔性增强层与所述光纤结构的最外层中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能。Among the flexible reinforcement layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, adjacent layers have similar rheological properties.
一种柔性光纤，其特征在于：包括A flexible optical fiber, which is characterized in that it comprises

位于内侧的至少两个光纤结构，所述至少两个光纤结构的其中之一具有高功率激光传输功能；At least two optical fiber structures located on the inner side, one of the at least two optical fiber structures having a high-power laser transmission function;

包裹所述至少两个光纤结构的柔性增强层，所述柔性增强层包括至少两层，并且柔性增强层中的最外层具有低刚度；A flexible reinforced layer wrapping the at least two optical fiber structures, the flexible reinforced layer includes at least two layers, and the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer has low rigidity;

所述柔性增强层与所述光纤结构的最外层中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能。Among the flexible reinforcement layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, adjacent layers have similar rheological properties.
如权利要求1或2所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述光纤结构为阶跃折射率光纤结构、渐变折射率光纤结构、或者微结构光纤结构。The flexible optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical fiber structure is a step index fiber structure, a graded index fiber structure, or a microstructure fiber structure.
如权利要求1或2所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述柔性增强层的最外层材料在常温下的杨氏模量低于1000Mpa，并且所述柔性增强层中的各层与所述光纤结构的最外层中，每相邻的两层材料之间，在光纤拉制温度时的粘度差在两个数量级之内。The flexible optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the outermost material of the flexible reinforced layer has a Young's modulus at room temperature lower than 1000Mpa, and each layer of the flexible reinforced layer is different from each other. In the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, the viscosity difference between two adjacent layers of materials at the fiber drawing temperature is within two orders of magnitude.
如权利要求4所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：光纤中所有材料在光纤拉制温度时的粘度均在10 ²泊-10 ⁷泊范围内，所述光纤拉制温度为60℃-600℃。 The flexible optical fiber as claimed in claim 4, wherein: all of the fiber material viscosity at fiber draw temperatures are in the ¹⁰² ^-107 poises poises, the fiber drawing temperature of 60 ℃ -600 ℃ .
如权利要求5所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述柔性增强层材料均为聚合物材料或者改性聚合物材料。The flexible optical fiber according to claim 5, wherein the material of the flexible reinforcement layer is a polymer material or a modified polymer material.
如权利要求6所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述改性聚合物材料通过在聚合物材料中复合辅助材料得到，所述辅助材料包括弹性橡胶体、无机物、碳酸脂类、砜类、醚酰亚胺类、丙烯酸脂类，或者含氟聚合物中的任一种；The flexible optical fiber according to claim 6, wherein the modified polymer material is obtained by compounding auxiliary materials in the polymer material, and the auxiliary materials include elastic rubber bodies, inorganic substances, carbonates, and sulfones. , Etherimides, acrylics, or any of fluoropolymers;

所述聚合物材料包括碳酸脂类、砜类、醚酰亚胺类、丙烯酸脂类，或者含氟聚合物中的任一种，并且辅助材料与聚合物材料不同。The polymer material includes any one of carbonates, sulfones, etherimides, acrylics, or fluoropolymers, and the auxiliary material is different from the polymer material.
如权利要求4所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：The flexible optical fiber of claim 4, wherein:

所述光纤结构的最外层以及柔性增强层中，各层的杨氏模量从内向外依次降低。In the outermost layer and the flexible reinforcing layer of the optical fiber structure, the Young's modulus of each layer decreases sequentially from the inside to the outside.
如权利要求1或2所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述光纤结构为光子带隙光纤结构，所述光纤结构包括位于中心的空气纤芯以及包围所述空气纤芯的包层，所述包层为高折射率材料和低折射率材料依次多层交替层叠的结构。The flexible optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap optical fiber structure, and the optical fiber structure includes an air core at the center and a cladding surrounding the air core, so The cladding layer is a structure in which a high-refractive index material and a low-refractive index material are sequentially stacked alternately in multiple layers.
如权利要求2所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述柔性增强层中的最外层为一层，并且同时包裹所述至少两个光纤结构，所述柔性增强层中的最内层分别包裹所述至少两个光纤结构。The flexible optical fiber according to claim 2, wherein the outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer is one layer, and the at least two optical fiber structures are wrapped at the same time, and the innermost layers of the flexible reinforced layer are respectively Wrap the at least two optical fiber structures.
如权利要求10所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述柔性增强层还包括中间层时，所述中间层单独包裹所述至少两个光纤结构，或者所述中间层同时包裹部分所述至少两个光纤结构，或者所述中间层同时包裹所有光纤结构。The flexible optical fiber according to claim 10, wherein when the flexible reinforcing layer further includes an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer individually wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps part of the at least two optical fiber structures. Two fiber structures, or the intermediate layer wraps all fiber structures at the same time.
如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的柔性光纤，其特征在于：所述柔性增强层的最外层中设有纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器用于传感纤维的弯曲状态，所述纤维态形态传感器材料的软化温度在600℃以上，且不会因为600℃以下的温度变化导致功能失效。The flexible optical fiber according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer is provided with a fiber state morphology sensor, and the fiber state morphology sensor is used to sense fiber bending In the state, the softening temperature of the fiber state morphology sensor material is above 600°C, and will not cause functional failure due to temperature changes below 600°C.
一种柔性光纤的制备方法，包括：A method for preparing a flexible optical fiber, including:

S1，制备光纤结构的预制棒结构；S1, preparing the preform structure of the optical fiber structure;

S2，在所述预制棒结构的外侧制备柔性增强层中的最内层，得到内层预制棒；S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer on the outside of the preform structure to obtain an inner preform;

S3，制备至少一个空心套管，该空心套管为柔性增强层中的其他层，并将空心套管嵌套于内层预制棒外侧得到最终的光纤预制棒；该至少一个空心套管中的最外层材料具有较低的刚度，并且该光纤结构中最外层、柔性增强层中的最内层与至少一个空心套管中，相邻的层之间具有相近的流变性能；S3, preparing at least one hollow sleeve, which is another layer in the flexible reinforcement layer, and nesting the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform to obtain the final optical fiber preform; The outermost material has lower rigidity, and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer and the at least one hollow sleeve, the adjacent layers have similar rheological properties;

S4，拉制所述光纤预制棒，所述光纤预制棒的拉制温度为60℃-600℃。S4, drawing the optical fiber preform, and the drawing temperature of the optical fiber preform is 60°C-600°C.
如权利要求13中的柔性光纤的制备方法，其特征在于：如果所述光纤结构为阶跃折射率光纤结构时，步骤S1具体包括制作内侧为纤芯材料，外侧为包层材料的预制棒结构；The method for preparing a flexible optical fiber according to claim 13, wherein if the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, step S1 specifically includes making a preform structure with a core material on the inner side and a clad material on the outer side ；

如果所述内侧的光纤结构为光子带隙结构，步骤S1具体包括If the inner fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, step S1 specifically includes

S11：制备分别为高折射率材料和低折射率材料的双层薄膜；S11: Preparation of double-layer films made of high refractive index materials and low refractive index materials;

S12：将双层薄膜沿圆棒连续卷绕，形成高折射率材料和低折射率材料交替层叠的螺旋状包层结构，并且需要在步骤S4拉制前，去掉所述中心圆棒。S12: The double-layer film is continuously wound along a round rod to form a spiral cladding structure in which high refractive index materials and low refractive index materials are alternately laminated, and the central round rod needs to be removed before drawing in step S4.
如权利要求13中的柔性光纤的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2具体为，S21：在预制棒结构外卷绕最内层材料，形成所述柔性增强层的最内层；S22：将卷绕好最内层材料的预制棒结构进行加热，使各层之间熔融，冷却后即得到所述内层预制棒。The method for preparing a flexible optical fiber according to claim 13, wherein the step S2 is specifically, S21: winding the innermost layer of material outside the preform structure to form the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer; S22: The preform structure with the innermost layer material wound is heated to melt between the layers, and the inner layer preform is obtained after cooling.
如权利要求13中的柔性光纤的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3具体为，S31：选取与最内层流变性能类似但刚度较弱的至少一种材料；S32：将所述至少一种材料制得至少一个空心套管，该至少一个空心套管具有空孔；S33：将至少一个空心套管与内侧的内层预制棒依次嵌套并且熔合在一起。The method for preparing a flexible optical fiber according to claim 13, characterized in that: the step S3 is specifically, S31: selecting at least one material with rheological properties similar to the innermost layer but weaker rigidity; S32: removing the at least At least one hollow sleeve is made of one material, and the at least one hollow sleeve has a hole; S33: the at least one hollow sleeve and the inner inner preform are sequentially nested and fused together.
如权利要求16所述的柔性光纤的制备方法，其特征在于：光纤结构最外层材料的杨氏模量、所述步骤S2中选取的最内层材料的杨氏模量、以及步骤S3中选取的至少一种材料的杨氏模量，从内向外依次降低。The method for preparing a flexible optical fiber according to claim 16, characterized in that: the Young's modulus of the outermost material of the optical fiber structure, the Young's modulus of the innermost material selected in step S2, and the Young's modulus of the innermost material selected in step S2; The Young's modulus of the selected at least one material decreases sequentially from the inside to the outside.
如权利要求14所述的柔性光纤的制备方法，其特征在于：当所述光纤结构为至少两个时，所述步骤S1中制备的预制棒结构也为相应的至少两个；步骤S3中制备的所述至少一个空心套管，包括制备其内具有空孔的最外层套管，所述最外层套管的空孔与光纤结构个数对应；The method for preparing a flexible optical fiber according to claim 14, wherein when there are at least two optical fiber structures, there are at least two corresponding preform structures prepared in step S1; The at least one hollow sleeve includes preparing an outermost sleeve with cavities therein, and the number of cavities in the outermost sleeve corresponds to the number of optical fiber structures;

并且当所述柔性增强层具有至少一层中间层时，所述将空心套管嵌套于内层预制棒外侧包括将所述柔性增强层中的至少一层中间层对应的套管，分别对应设于最外层套管的空孔内。And when the flexible reinforced layer has at least one intermediate layer, the nesting of the hollow sleeve on the outer side of the inner preform includes arranging at least one intermediate layer in the flexible reinforced layer to correspond to the sleeves respectively Set in the hollow hole of the outermost casing.
如权利要求13所述的柔性光纤的制备方法，其特征在于：还包括在步骤S3中，在最外层套管中制作至少一个单独的空孔用于放置纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器在所述步骤S4中放入，并且在拉制时不产生结构变化。The method for preparing a flexible optical fiber according to claim 13, characterized in that it further comprises in step S3, making at least one single hole in the outermost sleeve for placing the fiber state sensor, the fiber state The shape sensor is put in the step S4, and the structure does not change during drawing.
一种可驱动激光手术刀，包括沿一轴向间隔设置的多个盘状体，以及连接多个盘状体的驱动丝，所述盘状体上设有多个孔，其特征在于：上述权利要求1-12中任一项所述的柔性光纤依次穿过所述盘状体上相应的孔设置，所述驱动丝连接驱动装置和控制装置，用于控制多个盘状体之间的相互运动，以使得该多个盘状体形成能够弯曲转动的柔性体，所述柔性体的外侧还设有外壳。A driveable laser scalpel, comprising a plurality of disc-shaped bodies arranged at intervals along an axial direction, and a drive wire connecting the plurality of disc-shaped bodies, the disc-shaped bodies are provided with a plurality of holes, and are characterized in that: The flexible optical fiber according to any one of claims 1-12 is arranged through the corresponding holes on the disc-shaped body in sequence, and the driving wire is connected to the driving device and the control device, and is used to control the communication between the plurality of disc-shaped bodies. Move each other so that the plurality of disc-shaped bodies form a flexible body that can be bent and rotated, and the outer side of the flexible body is also provided with a shell.
如权利要求20所述的可驱动激光手术刀，其特征在于：还包括纤维态形态传感器，所述纤维态形态传感器依次穿过所述盘状体相应的孔中，与所述柔性光纤同向延伸，用于传感该可驱动激光手术刀的弯曲状态；The driveable laser scalpel according to claim 20, further comprising a fiber state morphology sensor, the fiber state morphology sensor sequentially passes through the corresponding holes of the disk-shaped body, and is in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber. Extension, used to sense the bending state of the driveable laser scalpel;

还包括照明元件和成像元件，所述照明元件具有对目标区域照明的功能，所述成像元件具有获取目标区域图像的功能。It also includes a lighting element and an imaging element, the lighting element having a function of illuminating a target area, and the imaging element having a function of acquiring an image of the target area.
如权利要求20或21所述的可驱动激光手术刀，其特征在于：所述纤维态形态传感器包括光纤光栅形态传感器。The driveable laser scalpel according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the fiber state shape sensor comprises a fiber grating shape sensor.