WO2021165123A1 - Apparatus and method for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021165123A1
WO2021165123A1 PCT/EP2021/053253 EP2021053253W WO2021165123A1 WO 2021165123 A1 WO2021165123 A1 WO 2021165123A1 EP 2021053253 W EP2021053253 W EP 2021053253W WO 2021165123 A1 WO2021165123 A1 WO 2021165123A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
liquefied gas
temperature
storage tank
extraction line
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/053253
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Steven Powell
Roberto TALLUTO
Original Assignee
Messer Group Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer Group Gmbh filed Critical Messer Group Gmbh
Priority to CN202180015503.4A priority Critical patent/CN115135920A/en
Priority to EP21705150.7A priority patent/EP4107422A1/en
Publication of WO2021165123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021165123A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17DPIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/12Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for injecting a composition into the line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03Orientation
    • F17C2201/032Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/054Size medium (>1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/056Small (<1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011Oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013Carbone dioxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014Nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311Air heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316Water heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/022Mixing fluids identical fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating a temperature-controlled, cold gas flow, with a storage tank for storing cryogenic liquefied gas and an extraction line connected to the storage tank for removing liquefied gas from the storage tank and with an evaporator unit integrated in the extraction line, which has a heat exchanger surface is equipped with a heat transfer fluid for the indirect thermal contact of the liquefied gas.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding method.
  • Air-heated evaporators have the disadvantage that ice formations occur, especially in the event of unfavorable weather conditions and / or heavy loads, which can significantly impair the functionality of the evaporator.
  • heat exchangers can also be used in which the liquid medium comes into indirect thermal contact with a heat transfer fluid and evaporates while the heat transfer medium cools down.
  • heat exchangers are designed, for example, as tubular heat exchangers or as cooling coils.
  • a process fluid can also be used as the heat transfer fluid in the heat exchangers, which occurs as a warm medium in the course of an industrial process and has to be cooled to a lower working temperature before further use.
  • the present invention relates to such heat transfer fluids.
  • it is a hot product stream or a cooling medium, in particular cooling water, which is guided in a cooling circuit using a refrigeration system, which in this way is at least relieved by the evaporation of the cryogenic medium.
  • the use of such heat transfer fluids for evaporating cryogenic media has proven itself. It at least partially saves the user the separate cooling of the heat transfer fluid to its working temperature and / or the problems mentioned above when using an air-heated evaporator.
  • the carbon dioxide used for this is usually made available in low-pressure or medium-pressure tanks in a cold, liquefied state and evaporated before being fed to the drink or water. In such cases, it has hitherto been refrained from using a heat transfer fluid with strongly fluctuating heat content to evaporate the carbon dioxide. In addition, an expensive additional device for temperature control of the carbon dioxide gas is required.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a possibility for providing a cold, precisely tempered gas flow from the evaporation of a cryogenic, liquefied gas, in which evaporation-related temperature fluctuations are compensated.
  • a device is thus characterized in that a liquid line from the extraction line, downstream to the storage tank and upstream to the evaporator unit branches off, which opens into the extraction line downstream of the evaporator unit at an inlet device, the inlet device being equipped with a measuring device for detecting the temperature in the extraction line downstream of the evaporator unit and with a control valve that is operatively connected to the measuring device for regulating the inlet of liquefied gas into the extraction line .
  • the temperature at the measuring device can be recorded upstream or downstream of the feed device.
  • the device according to the invention enables the provision of a cold gas flow with high temperature stability.
  • the heat transfer fluid is, for example, a cooling medium from a cooling circuit, such as cooling water.
  • the heat transfer fluid flows from a process cooler to a cooling device which, in addition to the evaporator unit of the device according to the invention, preferably comprises a refrigeration machine in which the heat introduced into the heat transfer fluid by the process cooler is partially dissipated.
  • the evaporator unit thus relieves the refrigeration machine or can also replace it, for example in the event of a temporary failure of the refrigeration machine or if the heat input from the cooling medium does not result in an undesirably high heating of the gas beyond the evaporation of the liquefied gas.
  • the entry device comprises an end section of the liquid line which is equipped with a spray nozzle or a sintered body and protrudes into the interior of the extraction line.
  • the liquefied gas flows from the liquid line into the spray nozzle or the sintered body and is finely dispersed and sprayed into the gas passed through the extraction line. There it is distributed in the gas flow and evaporates quickly.
  • a fine-pored one that is mounted on the end section of the liquid line and made of metal or ceramic is particularly suitable Sintered body, through the openings of which the liquefied gas is introduced into the surrounding gas flow.
  • the end section of the liquid line is preferably oriented within the withdrawal line in such a way that the liquefied gas flows in countercurrent to the vaporized gas in the withdrawal line.
  • the end section of the liquid line is thus arranged, for example, concentrically in the interior of the extraction line and, with its mouth opening at which the spray nozzle or the sintered body is arranged, faces the gas flow in the extraction line.
  • the evaporator unit comprises a heat exchanger for thermally contacting the liquefied gas with the heat transfer fluid as well as an air evaporator arranged parallel to the heat exchanger and a switching arrangement for the controlled connection and disconnection of the heat exchanger and / or air evaporator.
  • the air evaporator is used in particular when the heat input via the heat transfer fluid is insufficient to completely evaporate the liquefied gas passed through the evaporator unit.
  • a corresponding control circuit that measures the temperature of the vaporized gas in the extraction line downstream of the vaporiser unit (but upstream of the entry unit of the liquefied gas) and switches on the air vaporizer when the temperature falls below a specified value, so that at least a partial flow of the liquefied gas overflows the air evaporator is performed.
  • the temperature value of the vaporized gas which should not be undercut, is above the temperature that the vaporized gas should have in a consumer connected to the extraction line (hereinafter referred to as the "determination temperature"), thus due to the subsequent supply of the liquefied gas the entry unit, the determination temperature can be set precisely.
  • the cryogenic liquefied gas stored in the storage tank is preferably a liquefied air gas, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen or liquid argon, or liquid carbon dioxide.
  • a method for generating a temperature-controlled, cold gas flow in which cryogenic liquefied gas is taken from a storage tank, evaporated in an evaporator unit by indirect heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid to form a flow of evaporated gas and the flow of evaporated gas is fed to a consumer, is characterized according to the invention in that Liquefied gas is fed from the storage container into the flow of the vaporized gas at an entry device downstream of the vaporiser unit, the amount of the liquefied gas supplied being regulated as a function of a temperature of the vaporized gas.
  • the amount of liquefied gas fed in at the feed device is expediently regulated as a function of the determination temperature at which the gas should be present at the consumer.
  • the gas already evaporated in the evaporator unit is tempered by a temperature-controlled supply of liquefied gas from the storage tank and supplied to a consumer, for example a device for carbonating beverages, at a precisely defined temperature.
  • a consumer for example a device for carbonating beverages
  • the preferred use of the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention is the generation of a temperature-controlled, cold gas stream in a process in the food industry, in particular for use in a device for carbonating beverages and / or for inerting products, packaging or containers.
  • This device or devices is / are downstream of the device according to the invention as a consumer and connected to the extraction line, downstream of the input device for the liquefied gas.
  • the gas stream to be tempered is preferably nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
  • Fig. 1 The circuit diagram of a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 An entry system for liquefied gas of the device according to the invention from FIG. 1 in longitudinal section
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used to generate a temperature-controlled cold gas flow, as is used in particular in the food industry, for example in the carbonization of beverages or the inertization of food products.
  • the evaporated carbon dioxide is fed to a beverage and at least partially dissolved in it.
  • the desired or achievable degree of carbonation depends, among other things, on the temperature of the gas supplied and therefore requires uniform temperature control of the gas flow in production.
  • the device 1 comprises a thermally well insulated storage tank 2 for a cryogenic liquefied gas, for example for liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide. Liquefied gas is withdrawn from storage tank 2 via a withdrawal line 3 and fed to an evaporator unit 4.
  • a cryogenic liquefied gas for example for liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the evaporator unit 4 comprises a heat exchanger 5 in which the liquefied gas comes into indirect thermal contact with a heat transfer fluid and evaporates in the process.
  • the heat transfer fluid is preferably cooling water or some other medium that has to be cooled anyway in the course of an industrial process and whose excess heat can advantageously be used to evaporate the liquefied gas.
  • the heat transfer fluid is a cooling medium that is guided in a cooling circuit 6. The cooling medium passes through a process cooler 7, a refrigeration machine 8 and the heat exchanger 5 one after the other.
  • the heat exchanger 5 thus primarily serves to support the refrigeration machine 8, which otherwise takes over the majority of the cooling of the heat transfer fluid heated in the process cooler 7; In the context of the invention, however, it is not excluded that the heat exchanger regularly or in the event of a failure of the refrigeration machine 6, its role in the cooling circuit 6 takes over completely.
  • the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit 6 comes into indirect thermal contact at a heat exchanger surface 9 with the liquefied gas from the storage tank 2 brought in via the part of the extraction line 3 on the upstream side to the heat exchanger 5 Heat exchanger 5 on the downstream side of the extraction line 3.
  • the evaporator unit 4 in the exemplary embodiment shown here has an air evaporator 10 arranged parallel to the heat exchanger 5.
  • a control valve 11 controls the flow of the liquefied gas into the heat exchanger 5 and / or the air evaporator 10 as a function of a parameter which is measured at a sensor 12 in a section of the extraction line 3 downstream of the heat exchanger 5 and which is in particular the Temperature or the consistency of the gas in this section of the extraction line 3 is concerned. For example, if the temperature of the gas at the sensor 12 falls below a predetermined value, the flow of the liquefied gas is wholly or partially passed through the air evaporator 10 in order to ensure complete evaporation of the gas.
  • a liquid line 13 branches off from the extraction line 3, downstream of the storage tank 2, but upstream of the evaporator unit 4, which opens again into the extraction line 3 at an inlet device 15, which is described in more detail below, downstream of the evaporator unit 4.
  • the liquid line 13 is equipped with a control valve 16 which, depending on a parameter measured by a measuring device 17 downstream of the inlet device 15 in the extraction line 3, in particular the temperature of the vaporized gas, evaporated the inflow of liquefied gas into the flow through the extraction line 3 Gas regulates.
  • the measuring device 17 can also be upstream of the Entry device 15 can be arranged on the extraction line, but downstream of the evaporator unit 4.
  • liquefied gas is withdrawn from the storage tank 2, evaporated in the evaporator unit 4 and fed to its intended use in a consumer 14 connected to the withdrawal line downstream of the entry device 15.
  • the consumer 14 is a device for carbonating beverages.
  • it is necessary that the gas in the consumer reaches the consumer 14 at a temperature (determination temperature) that is as precisely defined as possible.
  • the amount of heat introduced into the evaporated gas via the heat exchanger 5 and / or the air evaporator 10 is not always sufficiently constant and can fluctuate over time.
  • the amount of heat introduced via the air evaporator 10 depends in particular on atmospheric factors, such as ambient temperature, ambient pressure or air humidity, which make it difficult or even impossible to set the temperature of the evaporated gas in the extraction line precisely.
  • the temperature of the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 upstream of the inlet device 15 is therefore dependent on the ambient temperature or the temperature of the cooling medium, depending on whether the gas flow at the control valve 11 is routed via the air evaporator 10 or the heat exchanger 5. In any case, it should be above the determination temperature of the gas.
  • liquefied gas is introduced directly into the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 at the inlet device 15 and preferably cools it down to the determination temperature.
  • the temperature of the control valve 16 By regulating the temperature of the control valve 16, this is possible with high precision; the device 1 thus enables very precise temperature control of the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 before it is supplied to the consumer 14.
  • a particularly advantageous entry system 15 of the device 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • the entry system 15 is in the extraction line 3, downstream to the evaporator unit 4, arranged. It comprises an L-shaped bent end section 18 of the liquid line 13, one leg of which is arranged inside, preferably concentrically, in the extraction line 3 and has an orifice 20 directed against the direction of flow of the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 indicated by arrow 19.
  • a diffuser for example a spray nozzle or a sintered body 21 made of metal or ceramic, is mounted on the mouth opening 20 and leads to a very fine distribution of the liquefied gas in the flow of the vaporized gas.
  • the fine distribution of the liquefied gas in the flow of vaporized gas results in an intimate mixing and the liquefied gas evaporates quickly, so that a gas with a largely homogeneous temperature is already present at the measuring device 17.

Abstract

An apparatus for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream, having a storage tank and an extraction line which is connected to the storage tank and which serves for the extraction of liquefied gas from the storage tank, and having an evaporator unit which is integrated in the extraction line and which is equipped with a heat exchanger surface for the indirect thermal contact of the liquefied gas with a heat carrier fluid, is characterized according to the invention in that a liquid line branches off from the extraction line downstream of the storage tank and upstream of the evaporator unit, which liquid line opens into the extraction line downstream of the evaporator unit at an introduction device, wherein the introduction device is equipped with a sensor for detecting the temperature in the extraction line and with a control valve which is operatively connected to the sensor and which serves for controlling the introduction of liquefied gas into the extraction line.

Description

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines temperierten, kalten Device and method for generating a temperature-controlled, cold
Gasstroms Gas flow
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines temperierten, kalten Gasstroms, mit einem Speichertank zum Speichern von tiefkalt verflüssigtem Gas und einer an den Speichertank angeschlossenen Entnahmeleitung zum Entnehmen von verflüssigtem Gas aus dem Speichertank und mit einer in der Entnahmeleitung integrierten Verdampfereinheit, die mit einer Wärmetauscherfläche zum indirekten thermischen Kontaktieren des verflüssigten Gases mit einem Wärmeträgerfluid ausgerüstet ist. Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren ein entsprechendes Verfahren. The invention relates to a device for generating a temperature-controlled, cold gas flow, with a storage tank for storing cryogenic liquefied gas and an extraction line connected to the storage tank for removing liquefied gas from the storage tank and with an evaporator unit integrated in the extraction line, which has a heat exchanger surface is equipped with a heat transfer fluid for the indirect thermal contact of the liquefied gas. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.
Die Speicherung kryogener Medien wie beispielweise Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Kohlendioxid erfolgt häufig in wärmeisolierten Tanks in flüssiger Form. Da das gespeicherte Medium im Regelfall seitens der Verbraucher in gasförmiger Form benötigt wird, erfolgt nach einer Flüssigentnahme ein Überführen des gespeicherten Mediums in die Gasphase. Dies erfolgt üblicherweise mittels luftbeheizter Verdampfer (im Folgenden auch „Luftverdampfer“ genannt). Luftbeheizte Verdampfer haben freilich den Nachteil, dass es insbesondere bei ungünstigen Witterungsverhältnissen und/oder starker Belastung zu Eisbildungen kommt, die die Funktionsfähigkeit des Verdampfers erheblich beeinträchtigen können. Cryogenic media such as nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide are often stored in liquid form in thermally insulated tanks. Since the stored medium is generally required by the consumer in gaseous form, the stored medium is converted into the gas phase after the liquid has been withdrawn. This is usually done using an air-heated evaporator (hereinafter also referred to as "air evaporator"). Air-heated evaporators, of course, have the disadvantage that ice formations occur, especially in the event of unfavorable weather conditions and / or heavy loads, which can significantly impair the functionality of the evaporator.
Anstelle luftbeheizter Verdampfer können jedoch auch Wärmetauscher zur Anwendung kommen, in denen das flüssige Medium mit einem Wärmeträgerfluid in indirekten Wärmekontakt tritt und dabei verdampft, während sich der Wärmeträger abkühlt. Derartige Wärmetauscher sind beispielsweise als Röhrenwärmetauscher oder als Kühlschlange ausgestaltet. Instead of air-heated evaporators, however, heat exchangers can also be used in which the liquid medium comes into indirect thermal contact with a heat transfer fluid and evaporates while the heat transfer medium cools down. Such heat exchangers are designed, for example, as tubular heat exchangers or as cooling coils.
Als Wärmeträgerfluid kann in den Wärmetauschern dabei insbesondere auch ein Prozessfluid zum Einsatz kommen, das im Zuge eines industriellen Prozesses als warmes Medium anfällt und vor einerweiteren Verwendung auf eine niedrigere Arbeitstemperatur abgekühlt werden muss. Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf derartige Wärmeträgerfluide. Beispielsweise handelt es sich dabei um einen heißen Produktstrom oder um ein Kühlmedium, insbesondere Kühlwasser, das in einem Kühlkreislauf unter Einsatz einer Kälteanlage geführt wird, die auf diese Weise durch die Verdampfung des kryogenen Mediums zumindest entlastet wird. Der Einsatz derartiger Wärmeträgerfluide zum Verdampfen kryogener Medien hat sich bewährt. Er erspart dem Anwender zumindest teilweise die separate Kühlung des Wärmeträgerfluids auf seine Arbeitstemperatur und/oder die oben erwähnten Probleme beim Einsatz eines luftbeheizten Verdampfers. In particular, a process fluid can also be used as the heat transfer fluid in the heat exchangers, which occurs as a warm medium in the course of an industrial process and has to be cooled to a lower working temperature before further use. The present invention relates to such heat transfer fluids. For example, it is a hot product stream or a cooling medium, in particular cooling water, which is guided in a cooling circuit using a refrigeration system, which in this way is at least relieved by the evaporation of the cryogenic medium. The use of such heat transfer fluids for evaporating cryogenic media has proven itself. It at least partially saves the user the separate cooling of the heat transfer fluid to its working temperature and / or the problems mentioned above when using an air-heated evaporator.
Problematisch beim Einsatz von Wärmeträgerfluid-gesteuerten Wärmetauschern ist jedoch, dass das Wärmeträgerfluid häufig keinen konstanten Wärmeinhalt besitzt bzw. der Mengenstrom des Wärmeträgerfluids nur unregelmäßig anfällt. In der Folge schwankt auch die Temperatur des verdampften kryogenen Mediums in einer schwer zu kontrollierenden Weise. Jedoch gibt es Anwendungsfälle, bei denen der Einsatz eines kalten Gasstroms mit einer stabilen Temperatur gefordert wird. Beispielsweise hängt bei der Karbonisierung von Getränken der sog. Karbonisierungsgrad, also die Menge an im Getränk bzw. in dem zur Herstellung des Getränks verwendeten Wasser einlösbaren Kohlendioxid empfindlich von der Temperatur des zugeführten Kohlendioxidgases ab. Das hierfür eingesetzte Kohlendioxid wird in der Regel in Niederdruck- oder Mitteldrucktanks im kalten verflüssigten Zustand bereitgestellt und vor der Zuführung an das Getränk bzw. das Wasser verdampft. In solchen Fällen sah man bislang davon ab, zur Verdampfung des Kohlendioxids ein Wärmeträgerfluid mit stark schwankendem Wärmeinhalt einzusetzen. Zudem ist eine aufwändige zusätzliche Einrichtung zur Temperierung des Kohlendioxidgases erforderlich. The problem with the use of heat exchangers controlled by heat transfer fluid, however, is that the heat transfer fluid often does not have a constant heat content or the mass flow of the heat transfer fluid only occurs irregularly. As a result, the temperature of the vaporized cryogenic medium also fluctuates in a manner that is difficult to control. However, there are applications in which the use of a cold gas flow with a stable temperature is required. For example, when carbonating beverages, the so-called degree of carbonation, that is to say the amount of carbon dioxide that can be dissolved in the drink or in the water used to produce the drink, depends sensitively on the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas supplied. The carbon dioxide used for this is usually made available in low-pressure or medium-pressure tanks in a cold, liquefied state and evaporated before being fed to the drink or water. In such cases, it has hitherto been refrained from using a heat transfer fluid with strongly fluctuating heat content to evaporate the carbon dioxide. In addition, an expensive additional device for temperature control of the carbon dioxide gas is required.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Möglichkeit zur Bereitstellung eines kalten, genau temperierten Gasstroms aus der Verdampfung eines tiefkalt, verflüssigten Gases anzugeben, bei dem verdampfungsbedingte Temperaturschwankungen ausgeglichen werden. The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a possibility for providing a cold, precisely tempered gas flow from the evaporation of a cryogenic, liquefied gas, in which evaporation-related temperature fluctuations are compensated.
Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 6. This object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1 and by a method with the features of claim 6.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art und Zweckbestimmung ist also dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Entnahmeleitung, stromab zum Speichertank und stromauf zur Verdampfereinheit, eine Flüssigleitung abzweigt, die stromab zur Verdampfereinheit an einer Eintragseinrichtung in die Entnahmeleitung einmündet, wobei die Eintragseinrichtung mit einer Messeinrichtung zum Erfassen der Temperatur in der Entnahmeleitung stromab zur Verdampfereinheit und mit einem mit der Messeinrichtung wirkverbundenen Regelventil zum Regeln des Eintrags von verflüssigtem Gas in die Entnahmeleitung ausgerüstet ist. A device according to the invention of the type and purpose mentioned at the outset is thus characterized in that a liquid line from the extraction line, downstream to the storage tank and upstream to the evaporator unit branches off, which opens into the extraction line downstream of the evaporator unit at an inlet device, the inlet device being equipped with a measuring device for detecting the temperature in the extraction line downstream of the evaporator unit and with a control valve that is operatively connected to the measuring device for regulating the inlet of liquefied gas into the extraction line .
Die Erfassung der Temperatur an der Messeinrichtung kann dabei stromauf oder stromab zur Eintragseinrichtung erfolgen. Insbesondere dann, wenn als Wärmeträgerfluid in der Verdampfereinheit ein Fluid mit einem unregelmäßigen und/oder schwer vorherbestimmbaren Wärmeeintrag zum Einsatz kommt, ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung die Bereitstellung eines kalten Gasstroms mit hoher Temperaturstabilität. The temperature at the measuring device can be recorded upstream or downstream of the feed device. In particular when a fluid with an irregular and / or difficult to predict heat input is used as the heat transfer fluid in the evaporator unit, the device according to the invention enables the provision of a cold gas flow with high temperature stability.
Beim Wärmeträgerfluid handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein Kühlmedium aus einem Kühlkreislauf, etwa Kühlwasser. In diesem strömt das Wärmeträgerfluid von einem Prozesskühler zu einer Kühleinrichtung, die bevorzugt zusätzlich zu der Verdampfereinheit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine Kältemaschine umfasst, in der die vom Prozesskühler in das Wärmeträgerfluid eingetragene Wärme teilweise abgeführt wird. Die Verdampfereinheit entlastet somit die Kältemaschine oder kann diese auch ersetzen, etwa im Falle eines vorübergehenden Ausfalls der Kältemaschine oder falls der Wärmeeintrag durch das Kühlmedium keine über die Verdampfung des verflüssigten Gases hinausgehende unerwünscht hohe Erwärmung des Gases zur Folge hat. The heat transfer fluid is, for example, a cooling medium from a cooling circuit, such as cooling water. In this, the heat transfer fluid flows from a process cooler to a cooling device which, in addition to the evaporator unit of the device according to the invention, preferably comprises a refrigeration machine in which the heat introduced into the heat transfer fluid by the process cooler is partially dissipated. The evaporator unit thus relieves the refrigeration machine or can also replace it, for example in the event of a temporary failure of the refrigeration machine or if the heat input from the cooling medium does not result in an undesirably high heating of the gas beyond the evaporation of the liquefied gas.
Um nach der Zuführung des verflüssigten Gases in das verdampfte Gas eine rasche Durchmischung zu erreichen, ist es besonders vorteilhaft, dass die Eintragseinrichtung einen mit einer Sprühdüse oder einem Sinterkörper ausgerüsteten, in das Innere der Entnahmeleitung hineinragenden Endabschnitt der Flüssigleitung umfasst. Aus der Flüssigleitung strömt das verflüssigte Gas in die Sprühdüse oder den Sinterkörper und wird feinverteilt in das durch die Entnahmeleitung geführte Gas eingesprüht. Dort verteilt es sich im Gasstrom und verdampft rasch. Zur Feinverteilung eignet sich insbesondere ein am Endabschnitt der Flüssigleitung montierter, aus Metall oder Keramik gefertigter, feinporiger Sinterkörper, durch dessen Öffnungen das verflüssigte Gas in den umgebenden Gasstrom eingetragen wird. In order to achieve rapid mixing after the supply of the liquefied gas into the vaporized gas, it is particularly advantageous that the entry device comprises an end section of the liquid line which is equipped with a spray nozzle or a sintered body and protrudes into the interior of the extraction line. The liquefied gas flows from the liquid line into the spray nozzle or the sintered body and is finely dispersed and sprayed into the gas passed through the extraction line. There it is distributed in the gas flow and evaporates quickly. For fine distribution, a fine-pored one that is mounted on the end section of the liquid line and made of metal or ceramic is particularly suitable Sintered body, through the openings of which the liquefied gas is introduced into the surrounding gas flow.
Um die Effizienz des Eintrags dabei noch weiter zu verbessern, ist der Endabschnitt der Flüssigleitung bevorzugt derart innerhalb der Entnahmeleitung ausgerichtet, dass das verflüssigte Gas im Gegenstrom zum verdampften Gas in der Entnahmeleitung zuströmt. Der Endabschnitt der Flüssigleitung ist also beispielsweise konzentrisch im Innern der Entnahmeleitung angeordnet und weist mit seiner Mündungsöffnung, an der die Sprühdüse bzw. der Sinterkörper angeordnet ist, dem Gasstrom in der Entnahmeleitung entgegen. In order to improve the efficiency of the entry even further, the end section of the liquid line is preferably oriented within the withdrawal line in such a way that the liquefied gas flows in countercurrent to the vaporized gas in the withdrawal line. The end section of the liquid line is thus arranged, for example, concentrically in the interior of the extraction line and, with its mouth opening at which the spray nozzle or the sintered body is arranged, faces the gas flow in the extraction line.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Verdampfereinheit einen Wärmetauscher zum thermischen Kontaktieren des verflüssigten Gases mit dem Wärmeträgerfluid sowie einen parallel zum Wärmetauscher angeordneten Luftverdampfer sowie eine Schaltanordnung zum geregelten Zu- und Abschalten von Wärmetauscher und/oder Luftverdampfer umfasst. Der Luftverdampfer kommt insbesondere dann zum Einsatz, wenn der Wärmeeintrag über das Wärmeträgerfluid nicht ausreicht, um das durch die Verdampfereinheit geführte verflüssigte Gas vollständig zu verdampfen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen entsprechenden Regelkreis gewährleistet werden, der die Temperatur des verdampften Gases in der Entnahmeleitung stromab zur Verdampfereinheit (jedoch stromauf zur Eintragseinheit des verflüssigten Gases) misst und bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Temperaturwerts den Luftverdampfer zuschaltet, sodass zumindest ein Teilstrom des verflüssigten Gases über den Luftverdampfer geführt wird. Der Temperaturwert des verdampften Gases, der dabei nicht unterschritten werden sollte, liegt dabei über der Temperatur, die das verdampfte Gas in einem an die Entnahmeleitung angeschlossenen Verbraucher aufweisen sollte (im Folgenden „Bestimmungstemperatur“ genannt), damit durch die nachfolgende Zuführung des verflüssigten Gases an der Eintragseinheit die Bestimmungstemperatur genau eingestellt werden kann. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the evaporator unit comprises a heat exchanger for thermally contacting the liquefied gas with the heat transfer fluid as well as an air evaporator arranged parallel to the heat exchanger and a switching arrangement for the controlled connection and disconnection of the heat exchanger and / or air evaporator. The air evaporator is used in particular when the heat input via the heat transfer fluid is insufficient to completely evaporate the liquefied gas passed through the evaporator unit. This can be ensured, for example, by a corresponding control circuit that measures the temperature of the vaporized gas in the extraction line downstream of the vaporiser unit (but upstream of the entry unit of the liquefied gas) and switches on the air vaporizer when the temperature falls below a specified value, so that at least a partial flow of the liquefied gas overflows the air evaporator is performed. The temperature value of the vaporized gas, which should not be undercut, is above the temperature that the vaporized gas should have in a consumer connected to the extraction line (hereinafter referred to as the "determination temperature"), thus due to the subsequent supply of the liquefied gas the entry unit, the determination temperature can be set precisely.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem im Speichertank bevorrateten tiefkalt verflüssigten Gas um ein verflüssigtes Luftgas, wie flüssiger Stickstoff, flüssiger Sauerstoff oder flüssiges Argon, oder um flüssiges Kohlendioxid. Ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines temperierten, kalten Gasstroms, bei dem tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas einem Speichertank entnommen, in einer Verdampfereinheit durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit einem Wärmeträgerfluid zu einem Strom verdampften Gases verdampft und der Strom verdampften Gases einem Verbraucher zugeführt wird, ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Strom des verdampften Gases an einer Eintragseinrichtung stromab zur Verdampfereinheit verflüssigtes Gas aus dem Speicherbehälter zugeführt wird, wobei die Menge des dabei zugeführten verflüssigten Gases in Abhängigkeit von einer Temperatur des verdampften Gases geregelt wird. The cryogenic liquefied gas stored in the storage tank is preferably a liquefied air gas, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen or liquid argon, or liquid carbon dioxide. A method for generating a temperature-controlled, cold gas flow, in which cryogenic liquefied gas is taken from a storage tank, evaporated in an evaporator unit by indirect heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid to form a flow of evaporated gas and the flow of evaporated gas is fed to a consumer, is characterized according to the invention in that Liquefied gas is fed from the storage container into the flow of the vaporized gas at an entry device downstream of the vaporiser unit, the amount of the liquefied gas supplied being regulated as a function of a temperature of the vaporized gas.
Die Menge des an der Eintragseinrichtung zugeführten verflüssigten Gases wird dabei zweckmäßigerweise in Abhängigkeit von der Bestimmungstemperatur geregelt, bei der das Gas beim Verbraucher vorliegen sollte. The amount of liquefied gas fed in at the feed device is expediently regulated as a function of the determination temperature at which the gas should be present at the consumer.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird also das in der Verdampfereinheit bereits verdampfte Gas durch eine temperaturgeregelte Zuführung von verflüssigtem Gas aus dem Speichertank temperiert und mit einer genau definierten Temperatur einem Verbraucher, beispielsweise einer Einrichtung zum Karbonisieren von Getränken zugeführt. Auf diese Weise ist es insbesondere dann, wenn in der Verdampfereinheit ein unregelmäßiger oder schwer vorhersagbarer Wärmeeintrag vom Wärmeträgerfluid auf das verdampfte Gas erfolgt, eine genaue Temperierung des dem Verbraucher zugeleiteten verdampften Gases möglich. In the method according to the invention, the gas already evaporated in the evaporator unit is tempered by a temperature-controlled supply of liquefied gas from the storage tank and supplied to a consumer, for example a device for carbonating beverages, at a precisely defined temperature. In this way, it is possible, in particular, when there is an irregular or difficult to predict heat input from the heat transfer fluid to the evaporated gas in the evaporator unit, precise temperature control of the evaporated gas supplied to the consumer is possible.
Die bevorzugte Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bzw. des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt in der Erzeugung eines temperierten, kalten Gasstroms in einem Prozess in der Lebensmittelindustrie, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einer Einrichtung zum Karbonisieren von Getränken und/oder zum Inertisieren von Produkten, Verpackungen oder Behältern. Diese Einrichtung oder Einrichtungen ist/sind der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung als Verbraucher nachgeschaltet und an die Entnahmeleitung, stromab zur Eintragseinrichtung für das verflüssigte Gas angeschlossen. Als zu temperierender Gasstrom kommt dabei bevorzugt Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid zum Einsatz. Anhand der Zeichnungen soll ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert werden. In schematischen Ansichten zeigen: The preferred use of the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention is the generation of a temperature-controlled, cold gas stream in a process in the food industry, in particular for use in a device for carbonating beverages and / or for inerting products, packaging or containers. This device or devices is / are downstream of the device according to the invention as a consumer and connected to the extraction line, downstream of the input device for the liquefied gas. The gas stream to be tempered is preferably nitrogen or carbon dioxide. An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of the drawings. In schematic views show:
Fig. 1 : Das Schaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, Fig. 1: The circuit diagram of a device according to the invention,
Fig. 2: Ein Eintragssystem für verflüssigtes Gas der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt FIG. 2: An entry system for liquefied gas of the device according to the invention from FIG. 1 in longitudinal section
Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung 1 dient der Erzeugung eines temperierten Kaltgasstroms, wie er insbesondere in der Lebensmittelindustrie, beispielsweise bei der Karbonisierung von Getränken oder der Inertisierung von Lebensmittelprodukten zum Einsatz kommt. In einer Einrichtung zum Karbonisieren von Getränken wird das verdampfte Kohlendioxid einem Getränk zugeführt und zumindest teilweise in diesem gelöst. Der gewünschte bzw. erreichbare Karbonisierungsgrad ist u.a. von der Temperatur des zugeführten Gases abhängig und erfordert daher in der Produktion eine gleichmäßige Temperierung des zugeführten Gasstroms. The device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used to generate a temperature-controlled cold gas flow, as is used in particular in the food industry, for example in the carbonization of beverages or the inertization of food products. In a device for carbonating beverages, the evaporated carbon dioxide is fed to a beverage and at least partially dissolved in it. The desired or achievable degree of carbonation depends, among other things, on the temperature of the gas supplied and therefore requires uniform temperature control of the gas flow in production.
Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst einen thermisch gut isolierten Speichertank 2 für ein tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas, beispielsweise für flüssigen Stickstoff oder flüssiges Kohlendioxid. Über eine Entnahmeleitung 3 wird verflüssigtes Gas aus dem Speichertank 2 entnommen und einer Verdampfereinheit 4 zugeführt. The device 1 comprises a thermally well insulated storage tank 2 for a cryogenic liquefied gas, for example for liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide. Liquefied gas is withdrawn from storage tank 2 via a withdrawal line 3 and fed to an evaporator unit 4.
Die Verdampfereinheit 4 umfasst einen Wärmetauscher 5, in dem das verflüssigte Gas in indirekten Wärmekontakt mit einem Wärmeträgerfluid gelangt und dabei verdampft. Beim Wärmeträgerfluid handelt es sich bevorzugt um Kühlwasser oder ein sonstiges Medium, das im Zuge eines industriellen Prozesses ohnehin gekühlt werden muss und dessen überschüssige Wärme in vorteilhafter weise zur Verdampfung des verflüssigten Gases genutzt werden kann. Im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich beim Wärmeträgerfluid um ein Kühlmedium, das in einem Kühlkreislauf 6 geführt wird. Das Kühlmedium durchläuft dabei nacheinander einen Prozesskühler 7, eine Kältemaschine 8 und den Wärmetauscher 5. Im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel dient der Wärmetauscher 5 also vorwiegend zur Unterstützung der Kältemaschine 8, die im Übrigen den Großteil der Kühlung des im Prozesskühler 7 erwärmten Wärmeträgerfluids übernimmt; im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es jedoch nicht ausgeschlossen, dass der Wärmetauscher regelmäßig oder im Falle eines Ausfalls der Kältemaschine 6 deren Rolle im Kühlkreislauf 6 vollständig übernimmt. The evaporator unit 4 comprises a heat exchanger 5 in which the liquefied gas comes into indirect thermal contact with a heat transfer fluid and evaporates in the process. The heat transfer fluid is preferably cooling water or some other medium that has to be cooled anyway in the course of an industrial process and whose excess heat can advantageously be used to evaporate the liquefied gas. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the heat transfer fluid is a cooling medium that is guided in a cooling circuit 6. The cooling medium passes through a process cooler 7, a refrigeration machine 8 and the heat exchanger 5 one after the other. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the heat exchanger 5 thus primarily serves to support the refrigeration machine 8, which otherwise takes over the majority of the cooling of the heat transfer fluid heated in the process cooler 7; In the context of the invention, however, it is not excluded that the heat exchanger regularly or in the event of a failure of the refrigeration machine 6, its role in the cooling circuit 6 takes over completely.
Im Wärmetauscher 5 kommt das Wärmeträgerfluid des Kühlkreislaufs 6 an einer Wärmetauscherfläche 9 in indirekten Wärmekontakt mit dem über den zum Wärmetauscher 5 anströmseitigen Teil der Entnahmeleitung 3 herangeführten verflüssigten Gas aus dem Speichertank 2. Dabei verdampft das verflüssigte Gas und strömt als verdampftes Gas weiter durch den zum Wärmetauscher 5 abströmseitigen Teil der Entnahmeleitung 3. In the heat exchanger 5, the heat transfer fluid of the cooling circuit 6 comes into indirect thermal contact at a heat exchanger surface 9 with the liquefied gas from the storage tank 2 brought in via the part of the extraction line 3 on the upstream side to the heat exchanger 5 Heat exchanger 5 on the downstream side of the extraction line 3.
Für den Fall, dass der Wärmeeintrag aus dem Wärmeträgerfluid in das verflüssigte Gas im Wärmetauscher 5 nicht ausreicht, das verflüssigte Gas vollständig zu verdampfen, weist die Verdampfereinheit 4 im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel einen parallel zum Wärmetauscher 5 angeordneten Luftverdampfer 10 auf. Ein Regelventil 11 steuert den Zufluss des verflüssigten Gases in den Wärmetauscher 5 und/oder den Luftverdampfer 10 in Abhängigkeit von einem Parameter, der an einem Sensor 12 in einem zum Wärmetauscher 5 stromabwärtigen Abschnitt der Entnahmeleitung 3 gemessen wird und bei dem es sich insbesondere um die Temperatur oder die Konsistenz des Gases in diesem Abschnitt der Entnahmeleitung 3 handelt. Sinkt beispielsweise die Temperatur des Gases am Sensor 12 unter einen vorgegeben Wert, wird der Strom des verflüssigten Gases ganz oder teilweise über den Luftverdampfer 10 geführt, um die vollständige Verdampfung des Gases zu gewährleisten. In the event that the heat input from the heat transfer fluid into the liquefied gas in the heat exchanger 5 is insufficient to completely vaporize the liquefied gas, the evaporator unit 4 in the exemplary embodiment shown here has an air evaporator 10 arranged parallel to the heat exchanger 5. A control valve 11 controls the flow of the liquefied gas into the heat exchanger 5 and / or the air evaporator 10 as a function of a parameter which is measured at a sensor 12 in a section of the extraction line 3 downstream of the heat exchanger 5 and which is in particular the Temperature or the consistency of the gas in this section of the extraction line 3 is concerned. For example, if the temperature of the gas at the sensor 12 falls below a predetermined value, the flow of the liquefied gas is wholly or partially passed through the air evaporator 10 in order to ensure complete evaporation of the gas.
Von der Entnahmeleitung 3 zweigt, stromab zum Speichertank 2, jedoch stromauf zur Verdampfereinheit 4, eine Flüssigleitung 13 ab, die an einer unten näher beschriebenen Eintragseinrichtung 15 stromab zur Verdampfereinheit 4 wieder in die Entnahmeleitung 3 einmündet. Die Flüssigleitung 13 ist mit einem Regelventil 16 ausgerüstet, das in Abhängigkeit von einem an einer Messeinrichtung 17 stromab zur Eintragseinrichtung 15 in der Entnahmeleitung 3 gemessenen Parameter, insbesondere der Temperatur des verdampften Gases, den Zustrom von verflüssigtem Gas in das durch die Entnahmeleitung 3 geführte verdampfte Gas regelt. Die Messeinrichtung 17 kann im Übrigen auch stromauf zur Eintragseinrichtung 15 an der Entnahmeleitung, jedoch stromab zur Verdampfereinheit 4, angeordnet sein. A liquid line 13 branches off from the extraction line 3, downstream of the storage tank 2, but upstream of the evaporator unit 4, which opens again into the extraction line 3 at an inlet device 15, which is described in more detail below, downstream of the evaporator unit 4. The liquid line 13 is equipped with a control valve 16 which, depending on a parameter measured by a measuring device 17 downstream of the inlet device 15 in the extraction line 3, in particular the temperature of the vaporized gas, evaporated the inflow of liquefied gas into the flow through the extraction line 3 Gas regulates. The measuring device 17 can also be upstream of the Entry device 15 can be arranged on the extraction line, but downstream of the evaporator unit 4.
Im Betrieb der Vorrichtung 1 wird verflüssigtes Gas aus dem Speichertank 2 entnommen, in der Verdampfereinheit 4 verdampft und seiner bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in einem an die Entnahmeleitung stromab zur Eintragseinrichtung 15 angeschlossenen Verbraucher 14 zugeführt. Beispielsweise handelt es sich bei dem Verbraucher 14 um eine Einrichtung zum Karbonisieren von Getränken. Bei dieser ist es erforderlich, dass das Gas im Verbraucher mit einer möglichst exakt definierten Temperatur (Bestimmungstemperatur) zum Verbraucher 14 gelangt. During operation of the device 1, liquefied gas is withdrawn from the storage tank 2, evaporated in the evaporator unit 4 and fed to its intended use in a consumer 14 connected to the withdrawal line downstream of the entry device 15. For example, the consumer 14 is a device for carbonating beverages. In this case, it is necessary that the gas in the consumer reaches the consumer 14 at a temperature (determination temperature) that is as precisely defined as possible.
Die über den Wärmetauscher 5 und/oder den Luftverdampfer 10 in das verdampfte Gas eingetragene Wärmemenge ist jedoch nicht immer hinreichend konstant und kann im Laufe der Zeit Schwankungen unterworfen sein. Die über den Luftverdampfer 10 eingetragene Wärmemenge hängt insbesondere von atmosphärischen Faktoren, wie Umgebungstemperatur, Umgebungsdruck oder Luftfeuchtigkeit ab, die eine genaue Einstellung der Temperatur des verdampften Gases in der Entnahmeleitung erschweren oder gar unmöglich machen. Die Temperatur des verdampften Gases in der Entnahmeleitung 3 ist stromauf zur Eintragseinrichtung 15 also von der Umgebungstemperatur oder der Temperatur des Kühlmediums abhängig, je nachdem, ob der Gasstrom am Regelventil 11 über den Luftverdampfer 10 oder den Wärmetauscher 5 geführt wird. Sie sollte jedoch auf jeden Fall oberhalb der Bestimmungstemperatur des Gases liegen. Um Temperaturschwankungen auszugleichen, wird an der Eintragseinrichtung 15 verflüssigtes Gas direkt in das verdampfte Gas in der Entnahmeleitung 3 eingetragen und kühlt dieses bevorzugt auf die Bestimmungstemperatur ab. Durch die Temperaturregelung des Regelventils 16 ist dies mit hoher Präzision möglich; die Vorrichtung 1 ermöglicht so eine sehr genaue Temperierung des verdampften Gases in der Entnahmeleitung 3 vor dessen Zuführung an den Verbraucher 14. Gleichzeitig erübrigt sich eine weitere, separate Beheizung oder Kühlung des verdampften Gases vor der Zuführung an den Verbraucher 14. However, the amount of heat introduced into the evaporated gas via the heat exchanger 5 and / or the air evaporator 10 is not always sufficiently constant and can fluctuate over time. The amount of heat introduced via the air evaporator 10 depends in particular on atmospheric factors, such as ambient temperature, ambient pressure or air humidity, which make it difficult or even impossible to set the temperature of the evaporated gas in the extraction line precisely. The temperature of the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 upstream of the inlet device 15 is therefore dependent on the ambient temperature or the temperature of the cooling medium, depending on whether the gas flow at the control valve 11 is routed via the air evaporator 10 or the heat exchanger 5. In any case, it should be above the determination temperature of the gas. In order to compensate for temperature fluctuations, liquefied gas is introduced directly into the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 at the inlet device 15 and preferably cools it down to the determination temperature. By regulating the temperature of the control valve 16, this is possible with high precision; the device 1 thus enables very precise temperature control of the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 before it is supplied to the consumer 14.
In Fig. 2 ist ein besonders vorteilhaftes Eintragssystem 15 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 gezeigt. Das Eintragssystem 15 ist in der Entnahmeleitung 3, stromab zur Verdampfereinheit 4, angeordnet. Es umfasst einen L-förmig gebogenen Endabschnitt 18 der Flüssigleitung 13, dessen einer Schenkel innerhalb, bevorzugt konzentrisch, in der Entnahmeleitung 3 angeordnet ist und eine gegen die durch Pfeil 19 angedeutete Strömungsrichtung des verdampften Gases in der Entnahmeleitung 3 gerichtete Mündungsöffnung 20 aufweist. An der Mündungsöffnung 20 ist ein Streukörper, beispielsweise eine Sprühdüse oder ein Sinterkörper 21 aus Metall oder Keramik, montiert, der zu einer sehr feinen Verteilung des verflüssigten Gases im Strom des verdampften Gases führt. Durch die feine Verteilung des verflüssigten Gases im Strom des verdampften Gases kommt es zu einer innigen Durchmischung und das verflüssigte Gas verdampft rasch, sodass an der Messeinrichtung 17 bereits ein Gas mit einer weitestgehend homogenen Temperatur vorliegt. In Fig. 2, a particularly advantageous entry system 15 of the device 1 according to the invention is shown. The entry system 15 is in the extraction line 3, downstream to the evaporator unit 4, arranged. It comprises an L-shaped bent end section 18 of the liquid line 13, one leg of which is arranged inside, preferably concentrically, in the extraction line 3 and has an orifice 20 directed against the direction of flow of the vaporized gas in the extraction line 3 indicated by arrow 19. A diffuser, for example a spray nozzle or a sintered body 21 made of metal or ceramic, is mounted on the mouth opening 20 and leads to a very fine distribution of the liquefied gas in the flow of the vaporized gas. The fine distribution of the liquefied gas in the flow of vaporized gas results in an intimate mixing and the liquefied gas evaporates quickly, so that a gas with a largely homogeneous temperature is already present at the measuring device 17.
Bezugszeichenliste: List of reference symbols:
1 Vorrichtung 1 device
2 Tank 2 tank
3 Entnahmeleitung 3 sampling line
4 Verdampfereinheit 4 evaporator unit
5 Wärmetauscher 5 heat exchangers
6 Kühlkreislauf 6 cooling circuit
7 Prozesskühler 7 process cooler
8 Kältemaschine 8 chiller
9 Wärmetauscherfläche 9 heat exchanger surface
10 Luftverdampfer 10 air evaporators
11 Regelventil 11 control valve
12 Sensor 12 sensor
13 Flüssigleitung 13 Liquid line
14 Verbraucher 14 consumers
15 Eintragseinrichtung 15 Entry Setup
16 Regelventil 16 control valve
17 Messeinrichtung 17 measuring device
18 Endabschnitt (der Flüssigleitung 13)18 end section (of liquid line 13)
19 Pfeil 19 arrow
20 Mündungsöffnung 20 mouth opening
21 Sinterkörper 21 sintered bodies

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines temperierten, kalten Gasstroms, mit einem Speichertank (2) zum Speichern von tiefkalt verflüssigtem Gas und einer an den Speichertank (2) angeschlossenen Entnahmeleitung (3) zum Entnehmen von verflüssigtem Gas aus dem Speichertank (2) und mit einer in der Entnahmeleitung (3) integrierten Verdampfereinheit (4), die mit einer Wärmetauscherfläche (9) zum indirekten thermischen Kontaktieren des verflüssigten Gases mit einem Wärmeträgerfluid ausgerüstet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Entnahmeleitung (3), stromab zum Speichertank (2) und stromauf zur Verdampfereinheit (4), eine Flüssigleitung (13) abzweigt, die stromab zur Verdampfereinheit (4) an einer Eintragseinrichtung (15) in die Entnahmeleitung (3) einmündet, wobei die Eintragseinrichtung (15) mit einer Messeinrichtung1. Device for generating a tempered, cold gas flow, with a storage tank (2) for storing cryogenic liquefied gas and a removal line (3) connected to the storage tank (2) for removing liquefied gas from the storage tank (2) and with a in the extraction line (3) integrated evaporator unit (4), which is equipped with a heat exchanger surface (9) for indirect thermal contact of the liquefied gas with a heat transfer fluid, characterized in that from the extraction line (3), downstream to the storage tank (2) and A liquid line (13) branches off upstream of the evaporator unit (4) and opens into the extraction line (3) at an inlet device (15) downstream of the evaporator unit (4), the inlet device (15) having a measuring device
(17) zum Erfassen der Temperatur in der Entnahmeleitung (3) stromab zur Verdampfereinheit (4) und mit einem mit der Messeinrichtung (17) wirkverbundenen Regelventil (16) zum Regeln des Eintrags von verflüssigtem Gas in die Entnahmeleitung (3) ausgerüstet ist. (17) for detecting the temperature in the extraction line (3) downstream of the evaporator unit (4) and is equipped with a control valve (16), which is operatively connected to the measuring device (17), for regulating the entry of liquefied gas into the extraction line (3).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eintragseinrichtung (15) einen mit einer Sprühdüse oder einem Sinterkörper (21) ausgerüsteten, in das Innere der Entnahmeleitung (3) hineinragenden Endabschnitt (18) der Flüssigleitung (13) umfasst. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the entry device (15) comprises an end section (18) of the liquid line (13) equipped with a spray nozzle or a sintered body (21) and protruding into the interior of the extraction line (3).
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Endabschnitt3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the end portion
(18) der Flüssigleitung (13) derart innerhalb der Entnahmeleitung (3) ausgerichtet ist, dass das verflüssigte Gas in seinem Innern im Gegenstrom zum verdampften Gas in der den Endabschnitt (18) umgebenden Entnahmeleitung (3) zuströmt. (18) of the liquid line (13) is aligned within the removal line (3) in such a way that the liquefied gas flows inside in countercurrent to the vaporized gas in the removal line (3) surrounding the end section (18).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dass die Verdampfereinheit (4) einen Wärmetauscher (5) zum thermischen Kontaktieren des verflüssigten Gases mit dem Wärmeträgerfluid sowie einen parallel zum Wärmetauscher (5) angeordneten Luftverdampfer (10) sowie eine Schaltanordnung (11 , 12) zum geregelten Zu- und Abschalten von Wärmetauscher (5) und/oder Luftverdampfer (10) umfasst. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, that the evaporator unit (4) has a heat exchanger (5) for thermal contacting of the liquefied gas with the heat transfer fluid and an air evaporator (10) arranged parallel to the heat exchanger (5) and one Switching arrangement (11, 12) for the controlled connection and disconnection of heat exchanger (5) and / or air evaporator (10).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als tiefkalt verflüssigtes Gas im Speichertank (2) ein Luftgas, wie Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Argon, oder Kohlendioxid zum Einsatz kommt. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an air gas, such as nitrogen, oxygen or argon, or carbon dioxide is used as the cryogenic liquefied gas in the storage tank (2).
6. Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines temperierten, kalten Gasstroms, bei dem tiefkaltes verflüssigtes Gas einem Speichertank (2) entnommen, in einer Verdampfereinheit (4) durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit einem Wärmeträgerfluid zu einem Strom verdampften Gases verdampft und der Strom verdampfen Gases einem Verbraucher (14) zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Strom des verdampften Gases an einer Eintragseinrichtung (15) stromab zur Verdampfereinheit (4) verflüssigtes Gas aus dem Speicherbehälter (2) zugeführt wird, wobei die Menge des zugeführten verflüssigten Gases in Abhängigkeit von einer Temperatur des verdampften Gases geregelt wird. 6. A method for generating a temperature-controlled, cold gas flow, in which the cryogenic liquefied gas is taken from a storage tank (2), evaporated in an evaporator unit (4) by indirect heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid to form a flow of evaporated gas and the flow of gas evaporates to a consumer (14 ), characterized in that liquefied gas from the storage container (2) is fed into the flow of the vaporized gas at an entry device (15) downstream of the evaporator unit (4), the amount of the supplied liquefied gas depending on a temperature of the vaporized gas is regulated.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Menge des an der Eintragseinrichtung (15) zugeführten verflüssigten Gases in Abhängigkeit von einer zu erreichenden Bestimmungstemperatur im Verbraucher (14) geregelt wird. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the amount of the liquefied gas supplied to the feed device (15) is regulated as a function of a determination temperature to be reached in the consumer (14).
8. Verwendung einer Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 5 oder eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 6 oder 7 zur Erzeugung eines temperierten, kalten Gasstroms in einem Prozess in der Lebensmittelindustrie. 8. Use of a device according to claim 1 to 5 or a method according to claim 6 or 7 for generating a temperature-controlled, cold gas flow in a process in the food industry.
PCT/EP2021/053253 2020-02-20 2021-02-10 Apparatus and method for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream WO2021165123A1 (en)

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