WO2021146949A1 - Tbm-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method therefor - Google Patents

Tbm-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method therefor Download PDF

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WO2021146949A1
WO2021146949A1 PCT/CN2020/073618 CN2020073618W WO2021146949A1 WO 2021146949 A1 WO2021146949 A1 WO 2021146949A1 CN 2020073618 W CN2020073618 W CN 2020073618W WO 2021146949 A1 WO2021146949 A1 WO 2021146949A1
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alteration
rock
surrounding rock
tbm
target surrounding
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PCT/CN2020/073618
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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李术才
林鹏
谢辉辉
许振浩
余腾飞
刘友博
王朝阳
潘东东
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山东大学
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Priority to AU2020425149A priority Critical patent/AU2020425149B2/en
Publication of WO2021146949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021146949A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials

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  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of identification of bad geological precursors and advanced geological prediction of tunnels, and in particular relates to a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method thereof.
  • Igneous rocks such as granite and tuff are hard, complete, and stable engineering rock masses, and are generally considered to be ideal places for building tunnels and underground projects.
  • TBM Torl Full Section Rock Boring Machine
  • TBM has a high degree of mechanization and automation, fast excavation speed, high tunnel quality, low construction disturbance, and comprehensive economic society.
  • Significant advantages such as high efficiency, but TBM has higher requirements on geological conditions and poor local quality conditions, the use of TBM method construction is very easy to encounter disasters such as machine jams and water inrush. When tunnels are built in igneous rocks, these disasters usually occur in fault fracture zones, strongly weathered zones, and altered zones.
  • the alteration zone produced by alteration is often associated with a large number of metal minerals.
  • mineral deposit geology has carried out a lot of research on the alteration related to the first mineralization.
  • the weakening of the strength of the surrounding rock caused by alteration has caused the problems of water inrush, mud outburst and machine jamming in the tunnel construction process to become more prominent.
  • People are concerned about the development characteristics of altered zones and tunnel crossing. The mechanism of water inrush in the alteration zone has also been studied a lot and some results have been obtained.
  • the present disclosure provides a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method thereof, which can quickly and accurately identify rock alteration features during the TBM tunneling process, and can accurately identify the rock alteration characteristics during the TBM tunneling process.
  • the advance geological prediction of the alteration zone is of great significance to the rapid construction of TBM and the prevention of machine jams and water inrush disasters caused by alteration.
  • the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which includes:
  • a detection device which is mounted on the side of the open TBM support shoe through a retractable mechanism
  • the detection device includes a dryer and an alteration feature detection device.
  • the dryer is used to dry the target surrounding rock so that the rock information collected by the alteration feature detection device is not interfered by moisture;
  • the alteration feature detection device is configured as Collect the images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock;
  • a data analysis platform prestored therein is an alteration feature database that has a quantitative characterization relationship between the sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements and the alteration features of the surrounding rock; the data analysis platform is configured to extract changes related to alteration features
  • the marked images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements are compared with the alteration characteristic database to predict the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock in front of the palm, and finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone.
  • the alteration feature detection equipment includes an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer;
  • the image collector is used to collect the image of the target surrounding rock
  • the near-infrared analyzer is used to transmit near-infrared spectra to the target surrounding rock.
  • the altered mineral produces a diagnostic spectral absorption band in the near-infrared spectral range, and then calculates the mineral species in the target surrounding rock And content;
  • the X-ray diffraction analyzer is used to emit X-rays and irradiate the target surrounding rock, receive secondary characteristic X-rays generated by the target surrounding rock, and then calculate the element types and contents in the target surrounding rock.
  • This embodiment integrates image recognition technology and spectral analysis technology to accurately and quickly identify the alteration characteristics of the target surrounding rock from multiple perspectives of images, elements, and minerals.
  • the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system further includes a protective device.
  • the protective device includes a base, a side wall, and a ceiling.
  • the side wall is set on the base, and the ceiling is set on the base.
  • the top of the side wall is used to prevent rock falling and water seepage.
  • a protective device is provided to protect the detection device in the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which improves the working stability of the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system.
  • the number of side walls is three, so that the protective device has an opening on the side close to the target surrounding rock.
  • the detection device is prevented from being interfered by the outside, and the detection accuracy of the detection device is improved.
  • the telescopic mechanism is vertically installed on the top of the column, and the column is vertically installed on the base.
  • the upright post is used to support the telescopic mechanism and the detection device, which ensures the stability of the working environment of the detection device.
  • one end of the telescopic mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism of the detection device, and the other end is vertically fixed and installed on the side wall of the protection device.
  • the telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic arm.
  • the shaft of the telescopic mechanism of the detection device is also equipped with a cross.
  • the cross has four wings of equal length, and the wing ends are respectively equipped with a dryer, an image collector, Near-infrared analyzer and X-ray diffraction analyzer.
  • a cross structure is used to install a dryer, an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer, so that each component of the detection device can detect the same part of the target surrounding rock.
  • the process of extracting the logo image related to the alteration feature change is:
  • DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network uses the DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network to extract the feature information of the color, structure and structure in the target surrounding rock image through multiple convolutional layers and multiple pooling layers, and transfer the feature information to the trained DenseNet model and combine it with
  • the trained altered rock specimen image library is compared and analyzed, and the landmark images related to the alteration feature changes are obtained.
  • the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a working method of a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which includes:
  • TBM's support shoe When TBM is carrying out tunnelling work, TBM's support shoe is close to the surrounding rock of the tunnel to provide the propulsion force of the TBM cutter head system to cut the front rock mass. At this time, the retractable mechanism is activated to make the components of the detection device close to the target surrounding rock;
  • the dryer will dry the target surrounding rock, and the dryer will stop working after a preset period of time;
  • the data analysis platform will extract the landmark images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements related to the alteration feature changes, and compare them with the preset alteration feature database to predict the alteration features of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. , And finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulating the result data of rock alteration characteristics, the geological prediction results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
  • the process of starting the work of the alteration feature detection equipment, collecting the images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock and transmitting them to the data analysis platform is as follows:
  • the near-infrared analyzer starts to work, the near-infrared analyzer emits near-infrared spectra to illuminate the target surrounding rock, and then according to the returned spectral absorption band, the mineral type and content in the target surrounding rock are given. And transmit the result to the data analysis platform;
  • the X-ray diffraction analyzer starts to work, emits X-rays and irradiates the target surrounding rock, and then according to the received secondary characteristic X-rays to give the element types and content in the target surrounding rock, and The result is transmitted to the data analysis platform.
  • a dryer is installed in the detection device of the present disclosure, which can ensure the dryness of the target surrounding rock before detection, and reduce the interference of moisture on the detection result.
  • the present disclosure is equipped with TBM to collect data on the target surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process, and use the developed data analysis platform to analyze the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process in real time, and provide information on the tunneling route in time. Geological data on the characteristics of rock alteration.
  • the change law can be compared with the alteration characteristic quantitative characterization relation database established in the system to predict the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. Alteration characteristics, and finally realize the geological prediction function on the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulation of rock alteration feature results, the geological prediction results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the working method of the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • TBM support shoe 2. Base; 3. Side wall; 4. Ceiling; 5. Column; 6. Hydraulic arm; 7. Detection device; 8. Data analysis platform; 71. Servo motor; 72. Cross; 73. Dryer; 74. Near-infrared analyzer; 75. Image collector; 76. X-ray diffraction analyzer.
  • azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element in the present disclosure. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure and cannot be understood as a reference to the present disclosure. Disclosure restrictions.
  • the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system of this embodiment includes a detection device 7 and a data analysis platform 8.
  • the detection device 7 is mounted on an open TBM support shoe through a retractable mechanism. 1 side.
  • the detection device 7 and the data analysis platform 8 communicate with each other.
  • a hydraulic arm 6 is used as the retractable mechanism.
  • the retractable mechanism may also be implemented by other structures with a retractable function.
  • the detection device includes a dryer and an alteration feature detection device.
  • the dryer is used to dry the target surrounding rock so that the rock information collected by the alteration feature detection device is not disturbed by moisture; the alteration feature detection
  • the device is configured to collect images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock.
  • a dryer 73 is installed in the detection device 7 of this embodiment, which can ensure the dryness of the target surrounding rock before detection and reduce the interference of moisture on the detection result.
  • the alteration feature detection equipment includes an image collector 75, a near-infrared analyzer 74, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer 76;
  • the image collector 75 is used to collect images of the target surrounding rock
  • the near-infrared analyzer 74 is used to transmit near-infrared spectra to the target surrounding rock.
  • the altered minerals are irradiated by the spectrum and absorb a certain spectrum of spectrum to generate a diagnostic spectrum of the near-infrared spectrum. Absorption band, the near-infrared spectrum analyzer will collect the spectrum data, extract, interpret and analyze, and then calculate the mineral type and content in the target surrounding rock;
  • the X-ray fluorescence analyzer 76 can effectively determine the type and content of elements in the target surrounding rock.
  • the X-rays emitted by the instrument can excite the target surrounding rock, causing the elements contained in the rock to radiate characteristic X-fluorescence rays. After re-absorption, the type and content of the elements in the target surrounding rock can be qualitatively and quantitatively determined according to the wavelength, energy and intensity of the fluorescent rays. analyze.
  • This embodiment integrates image recognition technology and spectral analysis technology to accurately and quickly identify the alteration characteristics of the target surrounding rock from multiple perspectives of images, elements, and minerals.
  • the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system also includes a protective device.
  • the protective device includes a base 2, a side wall 3, and a ceiling 4, and the side wall 3 is arranged on the base 2.
  • the ceiling 4 is set on the top of the side wall 3 to prevent rock falling and water seepage.
  • a protective device is provided to protect the detection device in the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which improves the working stability of the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system.
  • the number of side walls is three, so that the protective device has an opening on the side close to the target surrounding rock.
  • the detection device is prevented from being interfered by the outside, and the detection accuracy of the detection device is improved.
  • the telescopic mechanism is vertically installed on the top of the column 5, and the column 5 is vertically installed on the base 2.
  • the upright post is used to support the telescopic mechanism and the detection device, which ensures the stability of the working environment of the detection device.
  • one end of the telescopic mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism of the detection device, and the other end is vertically fixed and installed on the side wall of the protection device.
  • the driving mechanism is a servo motor 71.
  • the shaft of the telescopic mechanism of the detection device 7 is also equipped with a cross 72.
  • the cross 72 has four wings of equal length, and the wing ends are respectively equipped with a dryer 73, An image collector 75, a near infrared analyzer 74, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer 76.
  • the hydraulic arm 6 is vertically fixed on the side wall of the protective device, and the front end is connected with the servo motor 71 in the detection device.
  • the hydraulic arm 6 can control the detection device 7 through its expansion and contraction.
  • the rear end of the servo motor 71 is fixedly installed at the front end of the hydraulic arm, and a cross 72 is installed at the front shaft.
  • the rotation of the servo motor and the four isometric wings of the cross ensure that the four devices of the dryer, the image collector, the near-infrared analyzer and the X-ray fluorescence analyzer can sequentially work on the same part of the target surrounding rock.
  • a cross structure is used to install a dryer, an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer, so that each component of the detection device can detect the same part of the target surrounding rock.
  • the data analysis platform prestores an alteration feature database that has a quantitative characterization relationship between the sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements and the alteration features of the surrounding rock; the data analysis platform is configured to extract and alter features The change-related sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements are compared with the alteration characteristic database to predict the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock in front of the face, and finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone.
  • the process of extracting the logo image related to the alteration feature change is:
  • DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network uses the DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network to extract the feature information of the color, structure and structure in the target surrounding rock image through multiple convolutional layers and multiple pooling layers, and transfer the feature information to the trained DenseNet model and combine it with
  • the trained altered rock specimen image library is compared and analyzed, and the landmark images related to the alteration feature changes are obtained.
  • the alteration characteristics include: alteration type, combination and distribution characteristics.
  • the working method of the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system of this embodiment includes:
  • Step A When TBM is carrying out tunnelling work, the support shoe 1 of TBM will be close to the surrounding rock of the tunnel to provide the propulsion force of the TBM cutter head system to cut the front rock mass. At this time, the hydraulic arm 6 is activated to detect the components on the device 7 Close to the target surrounding rock;
  • Step B Start the switch of the dryer 73, the dryer 73 starts to blow hot air and perform drying operations on the target surrounding rock, and the dryer stops working after a preset period of time (for example: 3 minutes);
  • Step C Start the servo motor 71 and rotate 90° clockwise and then stop working.
  • the near-infrared spectrometer 74 starts to work, emits a near-infrared spectrum to illuminate the target surrounding rock, and then gives the target surrounding rock according to the returned spectral absorption band Type and content of minerals, and transmit the results to the data analysis platform 8;
  • Step D Continue to start the servo motor 71 and rotate 90° clockwise, and then stop working.
  • the image collector 75 starts to work. After obtaining the target surrounding rock photos, the information is transmitted to the data analysis platform 8, and the data analysis platform identifies the Logo images related to alteration characteristics changes;
  • Step E Continue to start the servo motor 72 and rotate 90° clockwise and then stop working.
  • the X-ray diffraction analyzer 76 starts to work, emits X-rays and irradiates the target surrounding rock, and then gives the X-rays according to the received secondary characteristic X-rays. Find out the type and content of elements in the target surrounding rock, and transmit the result to the data analysis platform 8;
  • Step F During the TBM excavation process, the data analysis platform will extract the landmark images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements related to the alteration feature changes, and compare them with the preset alteration feature database to predict the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. Alteration characteristics, and finally realize the geological forecast function of the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulation of rock alteration characteristic result data, the geological forecast results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
  • the system of this embodiment is equipped with TBM to collect data on the target surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process, and analyze the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process in real time through the developed data analysis platform, and provide timely information on the tunneling route. Geological information on the characteristics of rock alteration.
  • the system of this embodiment can compare its change rule with the quantitative characterization relation database established in the system according to the continuous accumulation of the analysis results of the rock alteration characteristics, and predict the front circumference of the face.
  • the feature of rock alteration finally realizes the function of geological prediction about alteration zone, and in the process of accumulating the result of rock alteration feature data, the geological prediction result is constantly revised and becomes more accurate.

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Abstract

Disclosed are a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and a method therefor. The system comprises: a detection apparatus (7), which is mounted on a side face of an open-type TBM support shoe (1) via a telescopic mechanism, wherein the detection apparatus (7) comprises a dryer (73) and an alteration feature detection device, the dryer (73) is used for drying target surrounding rocks, so that moisture does not interfere with rock information collected by the alteration feature detection device, and the alteration feature detection device is configured to collect images, mineral types and content, and element types and content of the target surrounding rocks; and a data analysis platform (8), which pre-stores an alteration feature database in which mark images, feature minerals and sensitive elements have a quantitative representation relationship with surrounding rock alteration features, wherein the data analysis platform (8) is configured to extract mark images, feature minerals and sensitive elements related to alteration feature changes, and compare same with the alteration feature database to predict alteration features of surrounding rocks in front of a tunnel face, thereby finally realizing a geological prediction function of an alteration zone.

Description

TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***及其方法TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method 技术领域Technical field
本公开属于不良地质前兆特征识别及隧道超前地质预报领域，尤其涉及一种TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***及其方法。The present disclosure belongs to the field of identification of bad geological precursors and advanced geological prediction of tunnels, and in particular relates to a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。The statements in this section merely provide background technical information related to the present disclosure, and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
花岗岩、凝灰岩等火成岩是坚硬、完整、稳定的工程岩体，通常被认为是修建隧道及地下工程的理想场所。另外，在花岗岩、凝灰岩等火成岩中修建深长隧道时适宜用TBM(隧道全断面岩石掘进机)进行掘进，TBM具有机械化自动化程度高、掘进速度快、成洞质量高、施工扰动小、综合经济社会效益高等显著优势，但TBM对地质条件要求较高，当地质条件较差时，采用TBM法施工极易遭遇卡机、突涌水等灾害。在于火成岩中修建隧道时，这些灾害通常发生在断层破碎带、强风化带以及蚀变带中。Igneous rocks such as granite and tuff are hard, complete, and stable engineering rock masses, and are generally considered to be ideal places for building tunnels and underground projects. In addition, when building deep and long tunnels in igneous rocks such as granite and tuff, it is suitable to use TBM (Tunnel Full Section Rock Boring Machine) for excavation. TBM has a high degree of mechanization and automation, fast excavation speed, high tunnel quality, low construction disturbance, and comprehensive economic society. Significant advantages such as high efficiency, but TBM has higher requirements on geological conditions and poor local quality conditions, the use of TBM method construction is very easy to encounter disasters such as machine jams and water inrush. When tunnels are built in igneous rocks, these disasters usually occur in fault fracture zones, strongly weathered zones, and altered zones.
其中，由蚀变作用产生的蚀变带常伴生大量金属矿产，长期以来，矿床地质学对最先成矿作用相关的蚀变开展了大量研究。随着隧道及地下工程的大量修建，由蚀变作用导致的围岩强度弱化从而引发隧道施工过程中突水、突泥、卡机等问题愈加突出，人们对蚀变带的发育特征和隧道穿越蚀变带的突涌水机理也展开了大量研究并取得了一定成果。大量研究结果表明，在隧道开挖揭露蚀变带之前，常常会出现一些蚀变带独有的前兆特征，如石英、长石、云母等造岩矿物含量降低，热液矿物(黄铁矿、石膏及坡缕石等)、方解石脉及黏土矿 物开始出现及其含量逐渐增加等，这些前兆特征的出现预示着蚀变带已经临近。然而，发明人发现，隧道内一线施工人员多缺乏良好的地质知识，不能及时、有效的对蚀变带前兆特征进行识别从而调整施工方案，最终酿成一些灾害的发生。Among them, the alteration zone produced by alteration is often associated with a large number of metal minerals. For a long time, mineral deposit geology has carried out a lot of research on the alteration related to the first mineralization. With the construction of a large number of tunnels and underground projects, the weakening of the strength of the surrounding rock caused by alteration has caused the problems of water inrush, mud outburst and machine jamming in the tunnel construction process to become more prominent. People are concerned about the development characteristics of altered zones and tunnel crossing. The mechanism of water inrush in the alteration zone has also been studied a lot and some results have been obtained. A large number of research results show that before the tunnel excavation reveals the alteration zone, there are often some unique precursor features of the alteration zone, such as the decrease of the content of rock-forming minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica, and the hydrothermal minerals (pyrite, pyrite, etc.). Gypsum, palygorskite, etc.), calcite veins and clay minerals began to appear and their content gradually increased. The appearance of these precursor features indicates that the alteration zone is approaching. However, the inventor found that most of the first-line construction workers in the tunnel lacked good geological knowledge and were unable to identify the precursor features of the alteration zone in a timely and effective manner to adjust the construction plan, which eventually led to some disasters.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本公开提供一种TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***及其方法，其能够在TBM掘进过程中可快速、准确识别岩石蚀变特征，能够在TBM掘进过程中对蚀变带进行超前地质预报，对TBM快速施工和预防蚀变作用引发的卡机及突涌水灾害具有重要意义。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present disclosure provides a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system and method thereof, which can quickly and accurately identify rock alteration features during the TBM tunneling process, and can accurately identify the rock alteration characteristics during the TBM tunneling process. The advance geological prediction of the alteration zone is of great significance to the rapid construction of TBM and the prevention of machine jams and water inrush disasters caused by alteration.
为了实现上述目的，本公开采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
本公开的第一方面提供一种TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其包括：The first aspect of the present disclosure provides a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which includes:
探测装置，所述探测装置通过可伸缩机构搭载于敞开式TBM撑靴侧面；A detection device, which is mounted on the side of the open TBM support shoe through a retractable mechanism;
所述探测装置包括烘干机及蚀变特征探测设备，烘干机用于烘干目标围岩，使得蚀变特征探测设备采集的岩石信息不受水分的干扰；蚀变特征探测设备被配置为采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量；The detection device includes a dryer and an alteration feature detection device. The dryer is used to dry the target surrounding rock so that the rock information collected by the alteration feature detection device is not interfered by moisture; the alteration feature detection device is configured as Collect the images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock;
数据分析平台，其内预存有标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素与围岩蚀变特征之间存在定量表征关系的蚀变特征数据库；所述数据分析平台被配置为提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素，并与蚀变特征数据库进行比对，预测出掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现蚀变带的地质预报功能。A data analysis platform, prestored therein is an alteration feature database that has a quantitative characterization relationship between the sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements and the alteration features of the surrounding rock; the data analysis platform is configured to extract changes related to alteration features The marked images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements are compared with the alteration characteristic database to predict the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock in front of the palm, and finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone.
作为一种实施方式，所述蚀变特征探测设备包括图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪；As an implementation manner, the alteration feature detection equipment includes an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer;
图像采集器用于采集目标围岩的图像；The image collector is used to collect the image of the target surrounding rock;
近红外分析仪用于发射近红外光谱至目标围岩，当目标围岩存在蚀变矿物时，蚀变矿物产生近红外光谱段的诊断学光谱吸收带，进而求出目标围岩中的矿物种类及含量；The near-infrared analyzer is used to transmit near-infrared spectra to the target surrounding rock. When there are altered minerals in the target surrounding rock, the altered mineral produces a diagnostic spectral absorption band in the near-infrared spectral range, and then calculates the mineral species in the target surrounding rock And content;
X射线衍射分析仪用于发射X射线并照射至目标围岩，接收目标围岩产生的次级特征X射线，进而求出目标围岩中元素种类及含量。The X-ray diffraction analyzer is used to emit X-rays and irradiate the target surrounding rock, receive secondary characteristic X-rays generated by the target surrounding rock, and then calculate the element types and contents in the target surrounding rock.
本实施例集合了图像识别技术及光谱分析技术，从图像、元素和矿物多个角度对目标围岩的蚀变特征进行准确快速识别。This embodiment integrates image recognition technology and spectral analysis technology to accurately and quickly identify the alteration characteristics of the target surrounding rock from multiple perspectives of images, elements, and minerals.
作为一种实施方式，所述TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，还包括防护装置，所述防护装置包括基座、侧壁和顶棚，侧壁设置在基座上，顶棚设置在侧壁顶端用于防止落石及渗水。As an implementation manner, the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system further includes a protective device. The protective device includes a base, a side wall, and a ceiling. The side wall is set on the base, and the ceiling is set on the base. The top of the side wall is used to prevent rock falling and water seepage.
本实施例通过设置防护装置对岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***中的探测装置进行保护，提高了岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***的工作稳定性。In this embodiment, a protective device is provided to protect the detection device in the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which improves the working stability of the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system.
作为一种实施方式，侧壁的数量为三个，使防护装置在靠近目标围岩一侧具有开口。本实施例通过上述设置，避免了探测装置受到外界的干扰，提高了探测装置的探测精度。As an embodiment, the number of side walls is three, so that the protective device has an opening on the side close to the target surrounding rock. In this embodiment, through the above arrangement, the detection device is prevented from being interfered by the outside, and the detection accuracy of the detection device is improved.
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机构垂直安装在立柱顶端，所述立柱垂直安装在基座上。本实施例利用立柱对可伸缩机构和探测装置起到支撑作用，保障了探测装置工作环境的稳定性。As an embodiment, the telescopic mechanism is vertically installed on the top of the column, and the column is vertically installed on the base. In this embodiment, the upright post is used to support the telescopic mechanism and the detection device, which ensures the stability of the working environment of the detection device.
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机构的一端与探测装置的驱动机构相连，另一端垂直固定安装在防护装置的侧壁上。As an implementation manner, one end of the telescopic mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism of the detection device, and the other end is vertically fixed and installed on the side wall of the protection device.
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机构为液压臂。As an embodiment, the telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic arm.
作为一种实施方式，所述探测装置的可伸缩机构的轴部还安装有十字架，所述十字架拥有四个等长的翼部，且在其翼端分别安装有烘干机、图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪。As an embodiment, the shaft of the telescopic mechanism of the detection device is also equipped with a cross. The cross has four wings of equal length, and the wing ends are respectively equipped with a dryer, an image collector, Near-infrared analyzer and X-ray diffraction analyzer.
本实施例利用十字架结构安装烘干机、图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪，实现探测装置中各部件对目标围岩同一部位开展探测工作。In this embodiment, a cross structure is used to install a dryer, an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer, so that each component of the detection device can detect the same part of the target surrounding rock.
作为一种实施方式，在所述数据分析平台中，提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像的过程为：As an implementation manner, in the data analysis platform, the process of extracting the logo image related to the alteration feature change is:
使用卷积神经网络的DenseNet模型，通过多卷积层和多池化层提取目标围岩图像中包含颜色、结构及构造的特征信息，并将特征信息传输至已训练好的DenseNet模型中并与已训练好的蚀变岩石标本图像库对比分析，得到与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像。Use the DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network to extract the feature information of the color, structure and structure in the target surrounding rock image through multiple convolutional layers and multiple pooling layers, and transfer the feature information to the trained DenseNet model and combine it with The trained altered rock specimen image library is compared and analyzed, and the landmark images related to the alteration feature changes are obtained.
本公开的第二方面提供一种TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***的工作方法，其包括：The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a working method of a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which includes:
在TBM进行掘进工作时，TBM的撑靴紧贴隧道围岩从而提供TBM刀盘***切削前方岩体的推进力，此时启动可伸缩机构，使探测装置上的各部件靠近目标围岩；When TBM is carrying out tunnelling work, TBM's support shoe is close to the surrounding rock of the tunnel to provide the propulsion force of the TBM cutter head system to cut the front rock mass. At this time, the retractable mechanism is activated to make the components of the detection device close to the target surrounding rock;
启动烘干机的开关，烘干机对目标围岩实施烘干操作，预设时间段后烘干机停止工作；Start the switch of the dryer, the dryer will dry the target surrounding rock, and the dryer will stop working after a preset period of time;
启动蚀变特征探测设备工作，采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量并传送至数据分析平台；Start the work of the alteration feature detection equipment, collect the target surrounding rock images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents, and send them to the data analysis platform;
在TBM掘进过程中，数据分析平台将提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素，并与预设蚀变特征数据库进行比对，预测出掌子面前方 围岩蚀变特征，最终实现蚀变带的地质预报功能，且在岩石蚀变特征结果数据累积过程中，不断修正地质预报结果并趋于准确。During the TBM excavation process, the data analysis platform will extract the landmark images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements related to the alteration feature changes, and compare them with the preset alteration feature database to predict the alteration features of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. , And finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulating the result data of rock alteration characteristics, the geological prediction results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
作为一种实施方式，启动蚀变特征探测设备工作，采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量并传送至数据分析平台的过程为：As an implementation mode, the process of starting the work of the alteration feature detection equipment, collecting the images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock and transmitting them to the data analysis platform is as follows:
顺时针旋转十字架90°，近红外分析仪开始工作，近红外分析仪发射出近红外光谱照射到目标围岩上，随后根据所返回的光谱吸收带给出目标围岩中的矿物种类及含量，并将该结果传输至数据分析平台；Rotate the cross 90° clockwise, the near-infrared analyzer starts to work, the near-infrared analyzer emits near-infrared spectra to illuminate the target surrounding rock, and then according to the returned spectral absorption band, the mineral type and content in the target surrounding rock are given. And transmit the result to the data analysis platform;
再顺时针旋转十字架90°，图像采集器开始工作，在获取目标围岩照片后将该信息传输至数据分析平台，在数据分析平台中识别出与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像；Then rotate the cross 90° clockwise, and the image collector starts to work. After obtaining the target surrounding rock photos, the information is transmitted to the data analysis platform, and the sign images related to the alteration feature changes are identified in the data analysis platform;
继续顺时针旋转十字架90°，X射线衍射分析仪开始工作，发射出X射线并照射到目标围岩上，随后根据接收到的次级特征X射线给出目标围岩中元素种类及含量，并将该结果传输至数据分析平台。Continue to rotate the cross 90° clockwise, the X-ray diffraction analyzer starts to work, emits X-rays and irradiates the target surrounding rock, and then according to the received secondary characteristic X-rays to give the element types and content in the target surrounding rock, and The result is transmitted to the data analysis platform.
本公开的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:
(1)本公开的探测装置中安装有烘干机，可在探测前确保目标围岩的干燥性，减小了水分对探测结果干扰。(1) A dryer is installed in the detection device of the present disclosure, which can ensure the dryness of the target surrounding rock before detection, and reduce the interference of moisture on the detection result.
(2)本公开与TBM搭载，可在TBM掘进过程中对目标围岩进行数据采集，并通过所开发的数据分析平台实时分析TBM掘进过程中围岩的蚀变特征，及时提供掘进路线上关于岩石蚀变特征方面的地质资料。(2) The present disclosure is equipped with TBM to collect data on the target surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process, and use the developed data analysis platform to analyze the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process in real time, and provide information on the tunneling route in time. Geological data on the characteristics of rock alteration.
(3)本公开在TBM掘进过程中，可根据岩石蚀变特征分析结果的不断累积，将其变化规律与***内部建立起的蚀变特征定量表征关系数据库相对比，预测掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现关于蚀变带的地质预报功能，且在岩 石蚀变特征结果数据累积过程中，不断修正地质预报结果并趋于准确。(3) According to the continuous accumulation of the analysis results of rock alteration characteristics during the TBM tunneling process of the present disclosure, the change law can be compared with the alteration characteristic quantitative characterization relation database established in the system to predict the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. Alteration characteristics, and finally realize the geological prediction function on the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulation of rock alteration feature results, the geological prediction results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
附图说明Description of the drawings
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。The drawings of the specification constituting a part of the present disclosure are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present disclosure are used to explain the present disclosure, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present disclosure.
图1是本公开实施例提供的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图2是本公开实施例提供的探测装置结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图3是本公开实施例提供的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***的工作方法流程图。3 is a flowchart of the working method of the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
其中1.TBM撑靴；2.基座；3.侧壁；4.顶棚；5.立柱；6.液压臂；7.探测装置；8.数据分析平台；71.伺服电机；72.十字架；73.烘干机；74.近红外分析仪；75.图像采集器；76.X射线衍射分析仪。Among them 1. TBM support shoe; 2. Base; 3. Side wall; 4. Ceiling; 5. Column; 6. Hydraulic arm; 7. Detection device; 8. Data analysis platform; 71. Servo motor; 72. Cross; 73. Dryer; 74. Near-infrared analyzer; 75. Image collector; 76. X-ray diffraction analyzer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本公开作进一步说明。The present disclosure will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative, and are intended to provide further descriptions of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terms used here are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate There are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
在本公开中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本公开的限制。In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. indicate The azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element in the present disclosure. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure and cannot be understood as a reference to the present disclosure. Disclosure restrictions.
本公开中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以是固定连接，也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义，不能理解为对本公开的限制。In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it can be a fixed connection, an integral connection or a detachable connection; it can be directly connected, or through an intermediate connection. The medium is indirectly connected. For the relevant scientific research or technical personnel in the field, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined according to the specific situation, and it should not be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure.
如图1所示，本实施例的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其包括探测装置7和数据分析平台8，所述探测装置7通过可伸缩机构搭载于敞开式TBM撑靴1侧面。探测装置7与数据分析平台8相互通信。As shown in Figure 1, the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system of this embodiment includes a detection device 7 and a data analysis platform 8. The detection device 7 is mounted on an open TBM support shoe through a retractable mechanism. 1 side. The detection device 7 and the data analysis platform 8 communicate with each other.
在具体实施中，可伸缩机构采用液压臂6。In specific implementation, a hydraulic arm 6 is used as the retractable mechanism.
可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，可伸缩机构也可采用其他具有伸缩功能的结构来实现。It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the retractable mechanism may also be implemented by other structures with a retractable function.
在本实施例中，探测装置包括烘干机及蚀变特征探测设备，烘干机用于烘干目标围岩，使得蚀变特征探测设备采集的岩石信息不受水分的干扰；蚀变特征探测设备被配置为采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量。In this embodiment, the detection device includes a dryer and an alteration feature detection device. The dryer is used to dry the target surrounding rock so that the rock information collected by the alteration feature detection device is not disturbed by moisture; the alteration feature detection The device is configured to collect images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock.
本实施例的探测装置7中安装有烘干机73，可在探测前确保目标围岩的干燥性，减小了水分对探测结果干扰。A dryer 73 is installed in the detection device 7 of this embodiment, which can ensure the dryness of the target surrounding rock before detection and reduce the interference of moisture on the detection result.
在本实施例中，所述蚀变特征探测设备包括图像采集器75、近红外分析仪74和X射线衍射分析仪76；In this embodiment, the alteration feature detection equipment includes an image collector 75, a near-infrared analyzer 74, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer 76;
图像采集器75用于采集目标围岩的图像；The image collector 75 is used to collect images of the target surrounding rock;
近红外分析仪74用于发射近红外光谱至目标围岩，当目标围岩存在蚀变矿物时，蚀变矿物受到光谱照射而吸收某一谱段的光谱进而产生近红外光谱段的诊断学光谱吸收带，近红外光谱分析仪会采集该光谱数据并进行提取、解译分析，进而求出目标围岩中的矿物种类及含量；The near-infrared analyzer 74 is used to transmit near-infrared spectra to the target surrounding rock. When the target surrounding rock has altered minerals, the altered minerals are irradiated by the spectrum and absorb a certain spectrum of spectrum to generate a diagnostic spectrum of the near-infrared spectrum. Absorption band, the near-infrared spectrum analyzer will collect the spectrum data, extract, interpret and analyze, and then calculate the mineral type and content in the target surrounding rock;
常见蚀变矿物的主要谱带分布见下表：The main band distribution of common alteration minerals is shown in the following table:
Figure PCTCN2020073618-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020073618-appb-000001
X射线荧光分析仪76可对目标围岩中的元素类型及含量进行有效是被。该仪器发出的X射线可激发目标围岩,使岩石中所含元素辐射出特征X荧光射线，再次吸收后可根据荧光射线的波长能量和强度对目标围岩中元素种类和含量进行定性和定量分析。The X-ray fluorescence analyzer 76 can effectively determine the type and content of elements in the target surrounding rock. The X-rays emitted by the instrument can excite the target surrounding rock, causing the elements contained in the rock to radiate characteristic X-fluorescence rays. After re-absorption, the type and content of the elements in the target surrounding rock can be qualitatively and quantitatively determined according to the wavelength, energy and intensity of the fluorescent rays. analyze.
本实施例集合了图像识别技术及光谱分析技术，从图像、元素和矿物多个 角度对目标围岩的蚀变特征进行准确快速识别。This embodiment integrates image recognition technology and spectral analysis technology to accurately and quickly identify the alteration characteristics of the target surrounding rock from multiple perspectives of images, elements, and minerals.
如图1所示，所述TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，还包括防护装置，所述防护装置包括基座2、侧壁3和顶棚4，侧壁3设置在基座2上，顶棚4设置在侧壁3顶端用于防止落石及渗水。As shown in Figure 1, the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system also includes a protective device. The protective device includes a base 2, a side wall 3, and a ceiling 4, and the side wall 3 is arranged on the base 2. In the upper part, the ceiling 4 is set on the top of the side wall 3 to prevent rock falling and water seepage.
本实施例通过设置防护装置对岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***中的探测装置进行保护，提高了岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***的工作稳定性。In this embodiment, a protective device is provided to protect the detection device in the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which improves the working stability of the rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system.
作为一种具体实施方式，侧壁的数量为三个，使防护装置在靠近目标围岩一侧具有开口。本实施例通过上述设置，避免了探测装置受到外界的干扰，提高了探测装置的探测精度。As a specific implementation, the number of side walls is three, so that the protective device has an opening on the side close to the target surrounding rock. In this embodiment, through the above arrangement, the detection device is prevented from being interfered by the outside, and the detection accuracy of the detection device is improved.
作为一种具体实施方式，所述可伸缩机构垂直安装在立柱5顶端，所述立柱5垂直安装在基座2上。本实施例利用立柱对可伸缩机构和探测装置起到支撑作用，保障了探测装置工作环境的稳定性。As a specific implementation, the telescopic mechanism is vertically installed on the top of the column 5, and the column 5 is vertically installed on the base 2. In this embodiment, the upright post is used to support the telescopic mechanism and the detection device, which ensures the stability of the working environment of the detection device.
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机构的一端与探测装置的驱动机构相连，另一端垂直固定安装在防护装置的侧壁上。在本实施例中，驱动机构为伺服电机71。As an implementation manner, one end of the telescopic mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism of the detection device, and the other end is vertically fixed and installed on the side wall of the protection device. In this embodiment, the driving mechanism is a servo motor 71.
如图2所示，所述探测装置7的可伸缩机构的轴部还安装有十字架72，所述十字架72拥有四个等长的翼部，且在其翼端分别安装有烘干机73、图像采集器75、近红外分析仪74和X射线衍射分析仪76。As shown in Figure 2, the shaft of the telescopic mechanism of the detection device 7 is also equipped with a cross 72. The cross 72 has four wings of equal length, and the wing ends are respectively equipped with a dryer 73, An image collector 75, a near infrared analyzer 74, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer 76.
在本实施例中，在本实施例中，液压臂6垂直固定安装在防护装置的侧壁上，前端与探测装置中的伺服电机71相连接，液压臂6可通过其伸缩来控制探测装置7中各仪器与目标围岩侧壁之间的距离。伺服电机71后端固定安装在液压臂前端，前端轴部安装有十字架72。伺服电机的转动和十字架的四个等长翼 部保证了烘干机、图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线荧光分析仪这四个装置可依次对目标围岩中的同一部位开展工作。In this embodiment, in this embodiment, the hydraulic arm 6 is vertically fixed on the side wall of the protective device, and the front end is connected with the servo motor 71 in the detection device. The hydraulic arm 6 can control the detection device 7 through its expansion and contraction. The distance between each instrument in the target and the side wall of the target surrounding rock. The rear end of the servo motor 71 is fixedly installed at the front end of the hydraulic arm, and a cross 72 is installed at the front shaft. The rotation of the servo motor and the four isometric wings of the cross ensure that the four devices of the dryer, the image collector, the near-infrared analyzer and the X-ray fluorescence analyzer can sequentially work on the same part of the target surrounding rock.
本实施例利用十字架结构安装烘干机、图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪，实现探测装置中各部件对目标围岩同一部位开展探测工作。In this embodiment, a cross structure is used to install a dryer, an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer, so that each component of the detection device can detect the same part of the target surrounding rock.
在具体实施中，数据分析平台内预存有标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素与围岩蚀变特征之间存在定量表征关系的蚀变特征数据库；所述数据分析平台被配置为提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素，并与蚀变特征数据库进行比对，预测出掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现蚀变带的地质预报功能。In specific implementation, the data analysis platform prestores an alteration feature database that has a quantitative characterization relationship between the sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements and the alteration features of the surrounding rock; the data analysis platform is configured to extract and alter features The change-related sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements are compared with the alteration characteristic database to predict the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock in front of the face, and finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone.
具体地，在所述数据分析平台中，提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像的过程为：Specifically, in the data analysis platform, the process of extracting the logo image related to the alteration feature change is:
使用卷积神经网络的DenseNet模型，通过多卷积层和多池化层提取目标围岩图像中包含颜色、结构及构造的特征信息，并将特征信息传输至已训练好的DenseNet模型中并与已训练好的蚀变岩石标本图像库对比分析，得到与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像。Use the DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network to extract the feature information of the color, structure and structure in the target surrounding rock image through multiple convolutional layers and multiple pooling layers, and transfer the feature information to the trained DenseNet model and combine it with The trained altered rock specimen image library is compared and analyzed, and the landmark images related to the alteration feature changes are obtained.
其中，蚀变特征包括：蚀变类型、组合及其分布特征。Among them, the alteration characteristics include: alteration type, combination and distribution characteristics.
如图3所示，本实施例的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***的工作方法，其包括：As shown in Figure 3, the working method of the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system of this embodiment includes:
步骤A：在TBM进行掘进工作时，TBM的撑靴1会紧贴隧道围岩从而提供TBM刀盘***切削前方岩体的推进力，此时启动液压臂6，使探测装置7上的各部件靠近目标围岩；Step A: When TBM is carrying out tunnelling work, the support shoe 1 of TBM will be close to the surrounding rock of the tunnel to provide the propulsion force of the TBM cutter head system to cut the front rock mass. At this time, the hydraulic arm 6 is activated to detect the components on the device 7 Close to the target surrounding rock;
步骤B：启动烘干机73的开关，烘干机73开始吹出热风并对目标围岩实 施烘干操作，预设时间段(比如：3分钟)后烘干机停止工作；Step B: Start the switch of the dryer 73, the dryer 73 starts to blow hot air and perform drying operations on the target surrounding rock, and the dryer stops working after a preset period of time (for example: 3 minutes);
步骤C：启动伺服电机71并顺时针旋转90°后停止工作，近红外光谱仪74开始工作，发射出近红外光谱照射到目标围岩上，随后根据所返回的光谱吸收带给出目标围岩中的矿物种类及含量，并将该结果传输至数据分析平台8；Step C: Start the servo motor 71 and rotate 90° clockwise and then stop working. The near-infrared spectrometer 74 starts to work, emits a near-infrared spectrum to illuminate the target surrounding rock, and then gives the target surrounding rock according to the returned spectral absorption band Type and content of minerals, and transmit the results to the data analysis platform 8;
步骤D：继续启动伺服电机71并顺时针旋转90°后停止工作，图像采集器75开始工作，在获取目标围岩照片后将该信息传输至数据分析平台8，在数据分析平台中识别出与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像；Step D: Continue to start the servo motor 71 and rotate 90° clockwise, and then stop working. The image collector 75 starts to work. After obtaining the target surrounding rock photos, the information is transmitted to the data analysis platform 8, and the data analysis platform identifies the Logo images related to alteration characteristics changes;
步骤E：继续启动伺服电机72并顺时针旋转90°后停止工作，X射线衍射分析仪76开始工作，发射出X射线并照射到目标围岩上，随后根据接收到的次级特征X射线给出目标围岩中元素种类及含量，并将该结果传输至数据分析平台8；Step E: Continue to start the servo motor 72 and rotate 90° clockwise and then stop working. The X-ray diffraction analyzer 76 starts to work, emits X-rays and irradiates the target surrounding rock, and then gives the X-rays according to the received secondary characteristic X-rays. Find out the type and content of elements in the target surrounding rock, and transmit the result to the data analysis platform 8;
步骤F：在TBM掘进过程中，数据分析平台将提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素，并与预设蚀变特征数据库进行比对，预测出掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现蚀变带的地质预报功能，且在岩石蚀变特征结果数据累积过程中，不断修正地质预报结果并趋于准确。Step F: During the TBM excavation process, the data analysis platform will extract the landmark images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements related to the alteration feature changes, and compare them with the preset alteration feature database to predict the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. Alteration characteristics, and finally realize the geological forecast function of the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulation of rock alteration characteristic result data, the geological forecast results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
本实施例的该***与TBM搭载，可在TBM掘进过程中对目标围岩进行数据采集，并通过所开发的数据分析平台实时分析TBM掘进过程中围岩的蚀变特征，及时提供掘进路线上关于岩石蚀变特征方面的地质资料。The system of this embodiment is equipped with TBM to collect data on the target surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process, and analyze the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock during the TBM tunneling process in real time through the developed data analysis platform, and provide timely information on the tunneling route. Geological information on the characteristics of rock alteration.
本实施例的该***在TBM掘进过程中，可根据岩石蚀变特征分析结果的不断累积，将其变化规律与***内部建立起的蚀变特征定量表征关系数据库相对比，预测掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现关于蚀变带的地质预报功能，且在岩石蚀变特征结果数据累积过程中，不断修正地质预报结果并趋于准确。During the TBM tunneling process, the system of this embodiment can compare its change rule with the quantitative characterization relation database established in the system according to the continuous accumulation of the analysis results of the rock alteration characteristics, and predict the front circumference of the face. The feature of rock alteration finally realizes the function of geological prediction about alteration zone, and in the process of accumulating the result of rock alteration feature data, the geological prediction result is constantly revised and becomes more accurate.
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, the present disclosure may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，包括：A TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system, which is characterized in that it includes:
    探测装置，所述探测装置通过可伸缩机构搭载于敞开式TBM撑靴侧面；A detection device, which is mounted on the side of the open TBM support shoe through a retractable mechanism;
    所述探测装置包括烘干机及蚀变特征探测设备，烘干机用于烘干目标围岩，使得蚀变特征探测设备采集的岩石信息不受水分的干扰；蚀变特征探测设备被配置为采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量；The detection device includes a dryer and an alteration feature detection device. The dryer is used to dry the target surrounding rock so that the rock information collected by the alteration feature detection device is not interfered by moisture; the alteration feature detection device is configured as Collect the images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents of the target surrounding rock;
    数据分析平台，其内预存有标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素与围岩蚀变特征之间存在定量表征关系的蚀变特征数据库；所述数据分析平台被配置为提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素，并与蚀变特征数据库进行比对，预测出掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现蚀变带的地质预报功能。A data analysis platform, prestored therein is an alteration feature database that has a quantitative characterization relationship between the sign images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements and the alteration features of the surrounding rock; the data analysis platform is configured to extract changes related to alteration features The marked images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements are compared with the alteration characteristic database to predict the alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock in front of the palm, and finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，所述蚀变特征探测设备包括图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪；The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 1, wherein the alteration feature detection equipment includes an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer, and an X-ray diffraction analyzer;
    图像采集器用于采集目标围岩的图像；The image collector is used to collect the image of the target surrounding rock;
    近红外分析仪用于发射近红外光谱至目标围岩，当目标围岩存在蚀变矿物时，蚀变矿物产生近红外光谱段的诊断学光谱吸收带，进而求出目标围岩中的矿物种类及含量；The near-infrared analyzer is used to transmit near-infrared spectra to the target surrounding rock. When there are altered minerals in the target surrounding rock, the altered mineral produces a diagnostic spectral absorption band in the near-infrared spectral range, and then calculates the mineral species in the target surrounding rock And content;
    X射线衍射分析仪用于发射X射线并照射至目标围岩，接收目标围岩产生的次级特征X射线，进而求出目标围岩中元素种类及含量。The X-ray diffraction analyzer is used to emit X-rays and irradiate the target surrounding rock, receive secondary characteristic X-rays generated by the target surrounding rock, and then calculate the element types and contents in the target surrounding rock.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，所述TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，还包括防护装置，所述防护装置包括基座、侧壁和顶棚，侧壁设置在基座上，顶棚设置在 侧壁顶端用于防止落石及渗水。The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system of claim 1, wherein the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system further includes a protective device, and the protective device includes a base The seat, the side wall and the ceiling, the side wall is arranged on the base, and the ceiling is arranged at the top of the side wall to prevent rock falling and water seepage.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，所述可伸缩机构垂直安装在立柱顶端，所述立柱垂直安装在基座上。The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 3, wherein the telescopic mechanism is vertically installed on the top of the column, and the column is vertically installed on the base.
  5. 如权利要求3所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，所述可伸缩机构的一端与探测装置的驱动机构相连，另一端垂直固定安装在防护装置的侧壁上；The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 3, wherein one end of the telescopic mechanism is connected to the driving mechanism of the detection device, and the other end is vertically fixed and installed on the side wall of the protection device superior;
    或侧壁的数量为三个，使防护装置在靠近目标围岩一侧具有开口。Or the number of side walls is three, so that the protective device has an opening on the side close to the target surrounding rock.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，所述可伸缩机构为液压臂。The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic arm.
  7. 如权利要求2所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，所述探测装置的可伸缩机构的轴部还安装有十字架，所述十字架拥有四个等长的翼部，且在其翼端分别安装有烘干机、图像采集器、近红外分析仪和X射线衍射分析仪。The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 2, wherein the shaft of the telescopic mechanism of the detection device is also equipped with a cross, and the cross has four wings of equal length. The wing ends are equipped with a dryer, an image collector, a near-infrared analyzer and an X-ray diffraction analyzer.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***，其特征在于，在所述数据分析平台中，提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像的过程为：The TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 1, wherein, in the data analysis platform, the process of extracting landmark images related to alteration feature changes is:
    使用卷积神经网络的DenseNet模型，通过多卷积层和多池化层提取目标围岩图像中包含颜色、结构及构造的特征信息，并将特征信息传输至已训练好的DenseNet模型中并与已训练好的蚀变岩石标本图像库对比分析，得到与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像。Use the DenseNet model of the convolutional neural network to extract the feature information of the color, structure and structure in the target surrounding rock image through multiple convolutional layers and multiple pooling layers, and transfer the feature information to the trained DenseNet model and combine it with The trained altered rock specimen image library is compared and analyzed, and the landmark images related to the alteration feature changes are obtained.
  9. 一种如权利要求8中任一项所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地 质预报***的工作方法，其特征在于，包括：A working method of the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to any one of claim 8, characterized in that it comprises:
    在TBM进行掘进工作时，TBM的撑靴紧贴隧道围岩从而提供TBM刀盘***切削前方岩体的推进力，此时启动可伸缩机构，使探测装置上的各部件靠近目标围岩；When TBM is carrying out tunnelling work, TBM's support shoe is close to the surrounding rock of the tunnel to provide the propulsion force of the TBM cutter head system to cut the front rock mass. At this time, the retractable mechanism is activated to make the components of the detection device close to the target surrounding rock;
    启动烘干机的开关，烘干机对目标围岩实施烘干操作，预设时间段后烘干机停止工作；Start the switch of the dryer, the dryer will dry the target surrounding rock, and the dryer will stop working after a preset period of time;
    启动蚀变特征探测设备工作，采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量并传送至数据分析平台；Start the work of the alteration feature detection equipment, collect the target surrounding rock images, mineral types and contents, and element types and contents, and send them to the data analysis platform;
    在TBM掘进过程中，数据分析平台将提取与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像、特征矿物和敏感元素，并与预设蚀变特征数据库进行比对，预测出掌子面前方围岩蚀变特征，最终实现蚀变带的地质预报功能，且在岩石蚀变特征结果数据累积过程中，不断修正地质预报结果并趋于准确。During the TBM excavation process, the data analysis platform will extract the landmark images, characteristic minerals and sensitive elements related to the alteration feature changes, and compare them with the preset alteration feature database to predict the alteration features of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel. , And finally realize the geological prediction function of the alteration zone, and in the process of accumulating the result data of rock alteration characteristics, the geological prediction results are constantly revised and become more accurate.
  10. 如权利要求9所述的TBM搭载式岩石蚀变特征识别及地质预报***的工作方法，其特征在于，启动蚀变特征探测设备工作，采集目标围岩的图像、矿物种类及含量以及元素种类及含量并传送至数据分析平台的过程为：The working method of the TBM-mounted rock alteration feature identification and geological prediction system according to claim 9, characterized in that the alteration feature detection equipment is started to collect images of the target surrounding rock, mineral types and contents, and element types and The process of content and transmission to the data analysis platform is:
    顺时针旋转十字架90°，近红外分析仪开始工作，近红外分析仪发射出近红外光谱照射到目标围岩上，随后根据所返回的光谱吸收带给出目标围岩中的矿物种类及含量，并将该结果传输至数据分析平台；Rotate the cross 90° clockwise, the near-infrared analyzer starts to work, the near-infrared analyzer emits near-infrared spectra to illuminate the target surrounding rock, and then according to the returned spectral absorption band, the mineral type and content in the target surrounding rock are given. And transmit the result to the data analysis platform;
    再顺时针旋转十字架90°，图像采集器开始工作，在获取目标围岩照片后将该信息传输至数据分析平台，在数据分析平台中识别出与蚀变特征变化相关的标志图像；Then rotate the cross 90° clockwise, and the image collector starts to work. After obtaining the target surrounding rock photos, the information is transmitted to the data analysis platform, and the sign images related to the alteration feature changes are identified in the data analysis platform;
    继续顺时针旋转十字架90°，X射线衍射分析仪开始工作，发射出X射线 并照射到目标围岩上，随后根据接收到的次级特征X射线给出目标围岩中元素种类及含量，并将该结果传输至数据分析平台。Continue to rotate the cross 90° clockwise, the X-ray diffraction analyzer starts to work, emits X-rays and irradiates the target surrounding rock, and then according to the received secondary characteristic X-rays, gives the element type and content in the target surrounding rock, and The result is transmitted to the data analysis platform.
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