CN115753632A - Image spectrum-based method and system for real-time judgment and identification of poor geologic body in tunnel - Google Patents
Image spectrum-based method and system for real-time judgment and identification of poor geologic body in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for identifying a poor geologic body in a tunnel in real time based on an image spectrum, and belongs to the technical field of identification of the poor geologic body in the tunnel. By means of cross combination of image data and spectrum data multi-source data fusion, spectroscopy, geology and other multi-subject knowledge, comprehensive judgment of the poor geologic body from two aspects of shape (position, shape and scale) and property (type and property) is achieved, and real-time judgment of the poor geologic body in the tunnel is achieved; the invention provides a method for rapidly, qualitatively and quantitatively comprehensively identifying minerals directly through spectrum anomaly, based on the selection of the characteristic wave band of the unfavorable geological marker minerals, the spectrum data is simplified, the workload of data processing is reduced, the influence of other wave bands on the absorption characteristic wave band is reduced, the quantitative inversion precision of the marker minerals is improved, the rapid and accurate identification of the mineral anomaly is realized, and a foundation is laid for the accurate identification of the unfavorable geological body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels, in particular to a method and a system for identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectrums.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
When a tunnel passes through unfavorable geological development areas such as fault fracture zones, karsts and altered zones, if timely prevention and control measures are not taken, serious ground disasters such as water and mud outburst, blocking, collapse and the like are often caused, and the safety of tunnel construction is seriously threatened; along with huge construction and application requirements, accurate and reliable real-time identification results of unfavorable geology have important significance for guaranteeing safe construction of tunnels.
The traditional tunnel geological analysis methods, such as a geological survey method, a drilling method, a geophysical prospecting method and the like, mainly identify the shape (position, shape and scale) of a poor geologic body, the geological survey method mainly depends on empirical qualitative analysis, the subjectivity is strong, and the phenomena of misjudgment and missed judgment are frequently generated; the drilling method has poor timeliness and has the limitation of 'one hole observation'; the geophysical prospecting method lacks geological quantitative information constraint, has the inherent problem of multiple solutions, is difficult to judge the 'nature' (type and property) of the poor geologic body, cannot realize the crossing from 'shape' to 'nature' and the common judgment of 'shape' and 'nature' of the identification of the poor geologic body, has the defects of complex operation flow, slow field identification speed, time and labor waste, higher requirement on professional geological knowledge of field technicians, difficulty in meeting the requirement on field quick construction, and is very easy to cause misjudgment and missed judgment of the poor geologic body, thereby causing serious safety accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectra.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for judging and identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectrums.
A method for judging poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectrums comprises the following steps:
acquiring palm surface imaging spectral data comprising image data and spectral data;
extracting colors of the image data, comparing the extracted colors with the color characteristics of normal surrounding rocks, and if no color abnormality occurs; judging whether unfavorable geological precursor characteristics appear, if so, continuing to process spectral information, and if not, subjecting the current region to unfavorable geology;
if the color is abnormal, calculating the area ratio of the color abnormal area, if the area ratio of the color abnormal area is smaller than a set threshold, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor characteristics occur or not, if so, continuing to process the spectral information, otherwise, the current area does not suffer from unfavorable geology, and if the area ratio of the color abnormal area is larger than or equal to the set threshold, processing the spectral information;
processing spectral information, intercepting a characteristic absorption waveband of the unfavorable geological marker mineral, judging whether the spectrum of the tunnel face spectral information is abnormal, if so, judging that no unfavorable geology occurs in the current region, otherwise, executing the next step;
carrying out quantitative inversion on minerals by using the absorption characteristics of the characteristic absorption wave band of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the tunnel face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by using the depth of the color system, and automatically marking the part of the tunnel face without identifying the unfavorable geological marker minerals as a specific color;
and judging the type, scale and position of the unfavorable geologic body according to the species combination, distribution condition and abundance information of the unfavorable geologic marker minerals.
As an optional implementation manner, the threshold is set as an area ratio threshold of abnormal face color when encountering unfavorable geology, and the color features of normal surrounding rock, the unfavorable geological marker minerals and the area ratio threshold of abnormal face color when encountering unfavorable geology are dynamically adjusted according to the acquired face imaging spectrum data.
As an optional implementation manner, calculating the area proportion of the color abnormal region includes: and multiplying the area of the pixel points by the number of the color abnormal pixel points to obtain the area of the color abnormal region of the palm surface, and dividing the area by the total area of the image of the palm surface to obtain the area proportion of the color abnormal region.
As an alternative implementation, the unfavorable geological precursor features include at least fractures, fault scratches and fracture zones, and the part of the face where no unfavorable geological marker mineral is identified is marked in gray.
As an optional implementation manner, the determining whether the spectrum abnormality occurs in the palm-side spectrum information includes:
and if the characteristic absorption band has absorption characteristics, the spectrum is abnormal, otherwise, the spectrum is not abnormal.
The invention provides a system for judging and identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectrums in a second aspect.
An image spectrum-based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels comprises:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring tunnel face imaging spectrum data comprising image data and spectrum data;
a color normality determination module configured to: extracting colors of the image data, comparing the extracted colors with color features of normal surrounding rocks, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor features appear or not if the abnormal colors do not appear, if so, continuing to process spectral information, and if not, subjecting the current region to unfavorable geology;
a color anomaly determination module configured to: if the color is abnormal, calculating the area ratio of the color abnormal area, if the area ratio of the color abnormal area is smaller than a set threshold, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor characteristics occur or not, if so, continuing to process the spectral information, otherwise, the current area does not suffer from unfavorable geology, and if the area ratio of the color abnormal area is larger than or equal to the set threshold, processing the spectral information;
a spectral anomaly determination module configured to: processing spectral information, intercepting a characteristic absorption waveband of the unfavorable geological marker mineral, judging whether the spectrum of the tunnel face spectral information is abnormal or not, if so, judging that no unfavorable geology exists in the current region, and otherwise, executing the function of an inversion calibration module;
an inversion calibration module configured to: carrying out quantitative inversion on minerals by using the absorption characteristics of the characteristic absorption wave band of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the tunnel face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by using the depth of the color system, and automatically marking the part of the tunnel face without identifying the unfavorable geological marker minerals as a specific color;
a bad geology identification module configured to: and judging the type, scale and position of the unfavorable geologic body according to the species combination, distribution condition and abundance information of the unfavorable geologic marker minerals.
As an optional implementation manner, the threshold is set as an area ratio threshold of abnormal color of the working face when encountering unfavorable geology, and the color features of normal surrounding rock, the unfavorable geological marker minerals and the area ratio threshold of abnormal color of the working face when encountering unfavorable geology are dynamically adjusted according to the acquired imaging spectrum data of the working face.
As an alternative implementation, the unfavorable geological precursor features include at least fractures, fault scratches, and fracture zones.
As an optional implementation manner, calculating the area ratio of the color abnormal region includes: and multiplying the area of the pixel points by the number of the color abnormal pixel points to obtain the area of the color abnormal area of the palm surface, and dividing the area by the total area of the palm surface image to obtain the area ratio of the color abnormal area.
As an alternative implementation, the portion of the face where no undesirable geological marker minerals are identified is marked in grey.
As an optional implementation manner, the determining whether the spectrum abnormality occurs in the palm-side spectrum information includes:
and if the characteristic absorption band has absorption characteristics, the spectrum is abnormal, otherwise, the spectrum is not abnormal.
The invention provides a system for judging and identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectrums in a third aspect.
An image spectrum-based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels comprises:
the system comprises a main control module, an image spectral data acquisition module and a real-time unfavorable geological identification module;
the main control module comprises a control unit and a positioning unit;
a control unit configured at least to: the start-stop control of the positioning unit, the image spectral data acquisition module and the unfavorable geological real-time identification module is realized;
a positioning unit configured at least to: positioning by a plurality of miniature cameras, controlling the movement of the high-bradyseism wear-resistant rubber wheels based on wireless signal transmission to realize the regulation and control of the movement of the carrying platform, the movement of the triangular telescopic support and the setting of scanning parameters of the image spectrometer;
an image spectral data acquisition module configured to: continuously acquiring an image spectrum data cube of a tunnel face in the tunnel excavation process, and transmitting the image spectrum data cube to a data processing unit of a bad geology real-time identification module through a wireless signal transmitter;
the unfavorable geology real-time judging and identifying module comprises a data processing unit and a real-time judging and identifying unit;
a data processing unit configured to: extracting image spectral data cube into image data and spectral data, adopting an image dominant color extraction algorithm for the image data, determining the color characteristics of normal surrounding rock, calculating an area ratio threshold value of abnormal palm face color, preprocessing the spectral data, performing qualitative and quantitative identification on minerals, and selecting out unfavorable geological marker minerals by using mineral information of a measured section;
processing the image data by using an image dominant color extraction algorithm according to the image spectral data of the section to be excavated received in real time, and transmitting the processing result to a real-time identification unit;
a real-time identification unit configured to: judging whether the color of the face is abnormal or not, if so, calculating the area ratio of an abnormal color region, if so, judging whether the premonition characteristic of unfavorable geology occurs or not, if so, continuing to process spectral information, otherwise, not processing the spectral information of the current region, and if not, processing the spectral information; and if the color is not abnormal, judging and identifying other characteristics of the image data, if no obvious precursor characteristic exists, indicating that no unfavorable geology is encountered, and if the obvious precursor characteristic exists, performing a spectrum test.
As an optional implementation manner, the data processing unit is further configured to: processing the spectrum data in the acquired image spectrum data, intercepting the characteristic absorption wave band of the previously selected unfavorable geological marker mineral, abandoning other wave bands, calling the processed result as characteristic spectrum data, and transmitting the characteristic spectrum data to a real-time identification unit;
a real-time recognition unit further configured to: judging whether the spectrum abnormality occurs to the face spectrum information, if not, judging that no unfavorable geology occurs, and if so, returning the data to the data processing unit;
a data processing unit further configured to: carrying out quantitative mineral inversion by using the absorption depth characteristics of the characteristic absorption spectrum section of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point on the tunnel face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the abundance of the minerals by using the depth of the color system, and carrying out map filling;
the automatic ash marking of the part of the poor geological marker minerals which is not identified on the tunnel face enhances the contrast degree of the normal mineral area and the abnormal mineral area, and the type, the scale and the position of the poor geological body are judged according to the type combination, the distribution condition and the abundance information of the poor geological marker minerals.
As an optional implementation manner, the control unit includes a main controller and a wireless signal transmitter, the main controller is mounted on the mounting platform to control start and stop of the positioning unit, the image spectrum data acquisition module and the unfavorable geology real-time identification module, and the wireless signal transmitter is used for receiving transmission signals and data processing results of the module units.
As an optional implementation manner, the positioning unit at least comprises a carrying platform, a buffer rod, a high-shock-absorption wear-resistant rubber wheel, a triangular telescopic support, an outdoor omnibearing pan-tilt and a miniature camera;
the carrying platform is used for carrying a main controller, a triangular telescopic bracket, an outdoor omnibearing tripod head, an image spectrometer, an instrument protection device and a miniature camera, and the lower part of the carrying platform is connected with a high-shock-absorption wear-resistant rubber wheel through a buffer rod;
the triangular telescopic support is arranged on the carrying platform, the whole body is in a cuboid shape with variable volume, each surface is mutually crossed through a rod-shaped structure, the middle parts are connected by adopting a sliding shaft, the end parts are hinged, and a triangle is formed between every two adjacent connecting points;
the outdoor omnibearing tripod head is arranged at the upper part of the triangular telescopic bracket, and the upper part of the outdoor omnibearing tripod head is provided with the image spectrograph, the instrument protector and the miniature camera;
the miniature camera is arranged on the front side of the instrument protection device and used for irradiating the position of the tunnel face from a plurality of visual angles along the forward moving direction of the carrying platform, accurately positioning the tunnel face by a multi-view visual positioning principle and transmitting positioning information to the positioning unit;
the positioning unit controls the high-cushioning wear-resistant rubber wheel to move the carrying platform to the central line of the tunnel face of the tunnel, controls the carrying platform to move to the optimal imaging position through the relative position between the miniature camera visual field adjusting system and the tunnel face, and adjusts the scanning parameters of the spectrograph after the carrying platform reaches the optimal imaging position.
Further, the buffer beam includes two parts, and the upper end and the lift-launch platform bottom surface of first part member are connected, and the lower extreme and the high shock absorption wear-resisting rubber wheel of second part member are connected, and middle headspace cushions the vibrations that second part member received through atmospheric pressure.
As an optional implementation manner, the scanning parameters of the image spectrometer at least include frequency increment, scanning duration and camera focal length.
As an optional implementation manner, the image spectrum data acquisition module comprises an image spectrometer and an image spectrometer protection device;
the image spectrometer is carried on the outdoor omnibearing tripod head and is installed to the triangular telescopic bracket together with the outdoor omnibearing tripod head, and the image spectrometer protection device is installed outside the image spectrometer.
Further, the bottom of the image spectrometer protection device and the image spectrometer are located on the same horizontal plane, the bottoms of the image spectrometer protection device and the image spectrometer are attached to each other and cannot move relatively, and the front end of the protection device is provided with a miniature camera for reserving the position of the camera.
As an alternative implementation, the preprocessing of the spectral data includes at least one or more of radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction, and noise attenuation.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, where the program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels based on image spectra according to the first aspect of the present invention.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the program to implement the steps in the method for identifying a poor geologic body in a tunnel based on image spectrum according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method and the system for real-time identification of the poor geologic body in the tunnel based on the image spectrum realize automatic and intelligent real-time identification of the poor geologic body in the tunnel, realize comprehensive identification of the poor geologic body from two aspects of shape (position, shape, scale) and property (type and property) by means of multi-subject knowledge of image data and spectrum data multi-source data fusion, spectroscopy, geology and the like, eliminate the influence of subjective factors on the poor geologic body identification, guide tunnel construction, save manpower and material resources and realize efficient and accurate real-time identification of the poor geologic body in the tunnel.
2. According to the method and the system for identifying the poor geologic body in the tunnel in real time based on the image spectrum, the overall process is provided with a multi-judgment mechanism, the appearance characteristics and the localization characteristics of the tunnel face are comprehensively considered, the initial judgment standard is set through the appearance characteristics displayed by the image information, the running speed of the process is improved, the construction progress of the tunnel is promoted, the rapid qualitative and quantitative comprehensive identification of minerals is realized directly through the concept of spectrum abnormity, the spectrum data is simplified based on the selection of the characteristic wave band of the poor geologic marker minerals, the workload of data processing is reduced, the influence of other wave bands on the absorption characteristic wave band is reduced, the quantitative inversion precision of the marker minerals is improved, the rapid identification of the mineral abnormity is realized, and a foundation is laid for the precise identification of the poor geologic body.
3. The method and the system for identifying the unfavorable geologic body in the tunnel in real time based on the image spectrum can acquire imaging spectrum data in real time along with tunnel excavation, dynamically select the reference color of the tunnel face and the unfavorable geologic marking minerals, and adjust the proportion threshold of the abnormal area of the color of the tunnel face in real time, have strong engineering adaptability, improve the accuracy of the unfavorable geologic body identification and reduce the contingency caused by the deviation of the acquired data.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for identifying a poor geologic body in a tunnel in real time based on an image spectrum according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for real-time identification of a poor geologic body in a tunnel based on an image spectrum according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a main controller; 2. carrying a platform; 3. a buffer rod; 4. a high shock absorption wear-resistant rubber wheel; 5. an outdoor omnibearing tripod head; 6. a wireless signal transmitter; 7. an instrument protection device; 8. a miniature camera; 9. an image spectrometer; 10. a triangular telescopic bracket; 11. a distribution box.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for identifying a poor geologic body in a tunnel in real time based on an image spectrum, including the following steps:
s1: by carrying out imaging spectrum testing on the tunnel face of the excavated segment and combining with early-stage geological survey data, selecting a plurality of mineral types with large occurrence range and obviously changed content in unfavorable geology encountered by construction in the tunnel as unfavorable geological marker minerals;
the method comprises the steps of collecting color information of face images of a normal surrounding rock area and an adverse geological influence area, determining color characteristics of normal surrounding rocks, and calling the color characteristics as reference colors, and determining an area ratio threshold value of face color abnormality when an adverse geology is encountered, wherein the adverse geology marks mineral types, the face reference colors and the abnormal area ratio threshold value are dynamically adjusted in the whole process.
S2: and (3) carrying out imaging spectrum test on the section to be excavated, acquiring an imaging spectrum data cube of the tunnel face, respectively carrying out subsequent processing on image data and spectrum data in the data cube, and dynamically adjusting the indexes mentioned in the S1 through the fed-back data.
S3: firstly, processing the acquired image information of the face by using a face color extraction correlation algorithm, judging whether color abnormality occurs or not, if the color abnormality occurs, performing S4, if the color abnormality does not occur, continuously judging whether unfavorable geological precursors such as obvious cracks, fault scratches, broken zones and the like occur or not through the face image information, if the obvious geological precursors do not exist, indicating that the unfavorable geology is not encountered, and if the obvious geological precursors exist, performing S6 and processing the spectrum information of the image information.
S4: and extracting the pixels with abnormal colors, calculating the area of the color abnormal area of the palm by multiplying the area of the pixels by the number of the color abnormal pixels, and dividing the area by the total area of the image of the palm to obtain the area ratio of the color abnormal area.
S5: comparing the obtained color abnormal area ratio with the palm surface color abnormal area ratio threshold determined in the step S1, if the color abnormal area ratio is smaller than the threshold, continuously judging whether unfavorable geological precursors such as obvious cracks, fault scratches, broken zones and the like appear through the image information of the palm surface, if no obvious precursor characteristic exists, indicating that the unfavorable geological precursors do not exist, and if the obvious precursor characteristic exists, performing S6 and processing the spectrum information of the spectrum information; if the value is greater than the threshold value, S6 is performed.
S6: the spectrum data in the obtained imaging spectrum data is processed, the characteristic absorption wave band of the previously selected unfavorable geological marker minerals is intercepted according to spectroscopy and geological knowledge, other wave bands are abandoned, the workload is reduced, the influence of other wave bands on the absorption characteristic wave band is reduced, and the quantitative inversion precision of the marker minerals is improved.
S7: and judging whether the optical spectrum information of the tunnel face has spectrum abnormality or not based on whether the absorption features appear in the characteristic wave bands or not, if the optical spectrum abnormality does not appear, judging that no unfavorable geology appears, and if the optical spectrum abnormality appears, performing S8.
S8: the method comprises the steps of carrying out quantitative mineral inversion by using the absorption characteristics of characteristic absorption spectrum bands of poor geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of a tunnel face, distributing a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by using the depth of the color system, filling a map, automatically marking ash on the part of the tunnel face where the poor geological marker minerals are not identified, and enhancing the contrast degree between a normal mineral area and an abnormal mineral area.
S9: and judging the type, scale and position of the poor geologic body according to the type combination, distribution and concentration information of the poor geologic marker minerals, thereby realizing the real-time identification of the shape (position, shape and scale) and the nature (type and property) of the poor geologic body.
In this embodiment, select bad geologic body marker mineral, include: the spectral data are preprocessed through image spectrum testing on an excavated section, qualitative and quantitative identification is carried out on the tunnel face spectral data, content information of various minerals is obtained, and the minerals with obviously changed contents in a bad geological influence area and a normal surrounding rock area are selected as bad geological marker minerals.
In the embodiment, the unfavorable geological marker minerals are dynamically selected, the reference color of the working face and the color abnormal area proportion threshold are dynamically adjusted, integral image spectrum test is carried out on a plurality of working faces within a certain distance in front of the working face every time the working face is excavated for a certain distance, the test result is continuously fed back to the data processing unit for qualitative and quantitative identification, and the ranges of the unfavorable geological marker minerals, the reference color of the working face and the threshold are dynamically updated to adapt to the geological conditions of different mark sections.
In this embodiment, the image spectral data preprocessing operation includes methods such as radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction, and noise reduction.
In this embodiment, the determination of the palm surface reference color is determined by an image dominant color extraction correlation algorithm.
In this embodiment, the color abnormal area ratio is obtained by performing pixel point statistics on the defined color abnormal area through a pixel point statistical algorithm, and the calculation of the color abnormal area ratio is realized through the following formula:
in this embodiment, a threshold is set for the color abnormal area ratio by using the above formula through mass data, and if the color abnormal area ratio exceeds the threshold, the risk of encountering unfavorable geology is set, spectral data analysis is required, and if the color abnormal area ratio does not exceed the threshold, the risk of encountering unfavorable geology is determined.
In this embodiment, the characteristic spectrum data is based on spectroscopy and geological knowledge, each mineral has its specific absorption band and different absorption characteristics, different mineral types can be identified according to the characteristics, and the characteristics such as absorption depth and absorption shoulder width are closely related to mineral abundance.
In this embodiment, the term "spectrum anomaly" refers to the occurrence of absorption characteristics in the characteristic spectrum data of the palm-side pixel points, and if the characteristic spectrum curve is stable and no absorption characteristics occur, no "spectrum anomaly" occurs.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 of the invention provides a system for judging and identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectrums, which comprises:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring palm surface imaging spectral data comprising image data and spectral data;
a color normality determination module configured to: extracting colors of the image data, comparing the extracted colors with color features of normal surrounding rocks, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor features appear or not if the colors are not abnormal, if so, continuing to process spectral information, otherwise, not exposing the current region to unfavorable geology;
a color anomaly determination module configured to: if the color is abnormal, calculating the area ratio of the area with the color abnormal, if the area ratio of the area with the color abnormal is smaller than a set threshold, judging whether the premonition characteristics of unfavorable geology occur, if so, continuing to process the spectral information, otherwise, the current area does not suffer from the unfavorable geology, and if the area ratio of the area with the color abnormal is larger than or set threshold, processing the spectral information;
a spectral anomaly determination module configured to: processing spectral information, intercepting a characteristic absorption waveband of the unfavorable geological marker mineral, judging whether the spectrum of the tunnel face spectral information is abnormal or not, if so, judging that no unfavorable geology exists in the current region, and otherwise, executing the function of an inversion calibration module;
an inversion calibration module configured to: carrying out quantitative inversion on minerals by using the absorption characteristics of the characteristic absorption wave band of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the tunnel face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by using the depth of the color system, and automatically marking the part of the tunnel face without identifying the unfavorable geological marker minerals as a specific color;
a bad geology identification module configured to: and judging the type, scale and position of the unfavorable geologic body according to the type combination, distribution and abundance information of the unfavorable geologic marker minerals.
Specifically, the data obtaining module further includes:
by carrying out imaging spectrum testing on the tunnel face of the excavated segment and combining with early-stage geological survey data, selecting a plurality of mineral types with large occurrence range and obviously changed content in unfavorable geology encountered by construction in the tunnel as unfavorable geological marker minerals;
determining the color characteristics of normal surrounding rocks by collecting the color information of the tunnel face images of the normal surrounding rock area and the adverse geology influence area, and calling the color characteristics as reference colors, and determining the area proportion threshold value of abnormal tunnel face color when encountering adverse geology, wherein the adverse geology marks the mineral type, the tunnel face reference colors and the abnormal area proportion threshold value and is dynamically adjusted in the whole process;
and carrying out imaging spectrum test on the section to be excavated, acquiring an imaging spectrum data cube of the face, respectively carrying out subsequent processing on image data and spectrum data in the data cube, and dynamically adjusting the color characteristics of the unfavorable geological marker minerals and normal surrounding rocks and the area proportion threshold of the face with abnormal color when encountering unfavorable geology through the feedback data.
Specifically, the color normality determination module further includes:
processing the acquired image information of the face by using a face color extraction correlation algorithm, judging whether color abnormality occurs, if no abnormality occurs, continuously judging whether unfavorable geological precursors such as obvious cracks, fault scratches, broken zones and the like occur through the face image information, if no obvious precursor characteristics exist, indicating that the unfavorable geology is not encountered, and if obvious precursor characteristics exist, processing the spectrum information of the face;
specifically, the color anomaly determination module further includes:
processing the acquired image information of the palm surface by utilizing a palm surface color extraction correlation algorithm, judging whether color abnormality occurs or not, extracting pixel points with abnormal colors if the color abnormality occurs, calculating the area of a palm surface color abnormal region by multiplying the area of the pixel points by the number of the color abnormal pixel points, and dividing the area by the total area of the palm surface image to obtain the area ratio of the color abnormal region;
comparing the obtained color abnormal area ratio with a determined face color abnormal area ratio threshold, if the obtained color abnormal area ratio is smaller than the threshold, continuously judging whether unfavorable geological precursors such as obvious cracks, fault scratches, broken zones and the like appear through face image information, if no obvious precursor characteristics exist, indicating that the unfavorable geology is not encountered, and if the obvious precursor characteristics appear, carrying out spectral information processing; if the value is larger than the threshold value, the spectral information is processed.
Specifically, the spectrum abnormality determination module further includes:
processing the spectral data in the obtained imaging spectral data, intercepting the characteristic absorption wave band of the previously selected unfavorable geological marker mineral according to spectroscopy and geological knowledge, abandoning other wave bands, reducing the workload, reducing the influence of other wave bands on the absorption characteristic wave band, and improving the quantitative inversion precision of the marker mineral;
and judging whether the spectrum information of the tunnel face has spectrum abnormality or not based on whether the characteristic wave band has absorption characteristics or not, if not, judging that no unfavorable geology exists, and if so, executing the function of an inversion calibration module.
Specifically, the inversion calibration module further includes:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out quantitative inversion on minerals by utilizing the absorption characteristics of characteristic absorption spectrum bands of poor geological marker minerals to obtain the abundance of the minerals at each pixel point of a tunnel face, distributing a color system to each mineral, representing the abundance of the minerals by utilizing the depth of the color system, filling a map, and automatically marking ash on the part of the tunnel face where the poor geological marker minerals are not identified, so that the comparison degree between a normal mineral area and an abnormal mineral area is enhanced.
Specifically, the unfavorable geology identification module still includes:
and judging the type, scale and position of the poor geologic body according to the type combination, distribution condition and concentration information of the poor geologic marker mineral, thereby realizing the real-time identification of the shape (position, shape and scale) and the character (type and property) of the poor geologic body.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 of the invention provides a system for judging and identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on an image spectrum technology, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a main control module, an image spectral data acquisition module and a real-time unfavorable geological identification module;
in this embodiment, the main control module includes: a control unit and a positioning unit;
a control unit configured to: the start-stop control of the positioning unit, the image spectral data acquisition module and the unfavorable geological real-time identification module is realized;
a positioning unit configured to: the two miniature cameras are used for positioning, the movement of the high-bradyseism wear-resistant rubber wheels is controlled based on wireless signal transmission, and the purposes of regulating and controlling the movement of the carrying platform, regulating and controlling the movement of the triangular telescopic bracket, setting scanning parameters of an imager and the like are achieved;
in the embodiment, the image spectrum data acquisition module is used for acquiring an image spectrum data cube of a tunnel face and transmitting the image spectrum data cube to the data processing unit of the unfavorable geological real-time identification module;
in this embodiment, the unfavorable geology real-time identification module includes a data processing unit and a real-time identification unit;
the unfavorable geology real-time identification module receives a palm face image spectrum data cube, extracts the image spectrum data cube into image data and spectrum data through a data processing unit, determines a palm face reference color and selects unfavorable geology marker minerals, and obtains a ratio threshold value of the color abnormal area of the palm face in the unfavorable geology;
collecting image spectrum data of a section to be excavated, transmitted by the image spectrum data acquisition module, through the data processing unit, processing the image data, and transmitting a processing result to the real-time identification unit;
the real-time judging unit judges whether the color of the palm surface is abnormal or not, if so, the color is compared with a threshold value, if the color is smaller than the set threshold value, whether unfavorable geological precursor characteristics such as cracks, scratches, broken zones and the like exist or not is judged, if so, spectral information processing is continued, otherwise, the current area does not suffer from unfavorable geology, and if the color is larger than the threshold value, the spectral information processing is carried out; judging the character of the image data, if the color is not abnormal, judging the unfavorable geology precursor characteristic of the image data, if no obvious precursor characteristic exists, indicating that the image data does not encounter unfavorable geology, and if the obvious precursor characteristic exists, performing spectrum test;
processing the spectrum data in the acquired image spectrum data through a data processing unit, intercepting the characteristic absorption wave band of the previously selected unfavorable geological marker mineral, abandoning the other wave bands, calling the processing result as characteristic spectrum data, and transmitting the characteristic spectrum data to a real-time identification unit;
the real-time identification unit judges whether the optical spectrum information of the tunnel face is abnormal in spectrum or not, if the optical spectrum information of the tunnel face is abnormal in spectrum, the real-time identification unit judges that no unfavorable geology is generated, the purpose of real-time identification of the unfavorable geology is achieved, and if the optical spectrum information of the tunnel face is abnormal in spectrum, the data are returned to the data processing unit;
the data processing unit carries out quantitative mineral inversion by using the characteristics such as the absorption characteristic depth of the characteristic absorption spectrum section of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the tunnel face, each mineral is allocated with a color system, the abundance of the mineral is represented by the depth of the color system, the map is filled, the automatic ash marking of the part of the unfavorable geological marker minerals which is not identified by the tunnel face is carried out, the contrast degree between the normal region and the abnormal region of the mineral is enhanced, the type, the scale and the position of the unfavorable geologic body are judged according to the type combination, the distribution condition and the abundance information of the unfavorable geological marker minerals, and the accurate judgment and the real-time judgment of the shape and the nature of the unfavorable geologic body are realized.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the main control module includes a control unit and a positioning unit;
wherein, the control unit comprises a main controller 1 and a wireless signal transmitter 6;
the positioning unit includes: carrying platform 2, buffer beam 3, high bradyseism wear-resisting rubber wheel 4, triangle telescopic bracket 10, outdoor all-round cloud platform 5 and miniature camera 8, the control unit controls opening of the whole system and stops the control, the positioning unit is according to miniature camera 8's feedback data, control carrying platform removes 2, triangle telescopic bracket 10 removes and image spectrum appearance 9 scans parameter setting, confirm the best relative position who carries platform and face, the quality of the image spectrum data who obtains has been promoted.
In this embodiment, carry on platform 2 and be used for carrying on equipment such as main control unit 1, triangle telescopic bracket 10, outdoor all-round cloud platform 5, image spectrum appearance 9, instrument protection device 7 and miniature camera 8 to carry on platform 2's bottom and pass through buffer beam 3 and be connected with high bradyseism wear-resisting rubber wheel 4.
In this embodiment, buffer beam 3 divide into about two parts, and the top part upper end links to each other with 2 bottom surfaces of lift-launch platform, and the lower part lower extreme links to each other with high bradyseism wear-resisting rubber wheel 4, and sufficient space is reserved in the centre and the vibrations that receive the lower beam are cushioned through atmospheric pressure to the response is sensitive, adjusts according to the road surface condition.
In this embodiment, high bradyseism wear-resisting rubber wheel 4 is installed in buffer beam 3 below, with tunnel ground direct contact, and the adaptable tunnel unevenness's of used material ground absorbs because of the vibrations that the relief of land is uneven and causes, reduces rocking of carrying platform and top device, is favorable to maintaining the stability of whole marcing.
In this embodiment, the triangular telescopic bracket 10 is installed on the carrying platform 2, and is a cuboid with a variable volume as a whole, each surface is intersected with each other through a rod-shaped structure, the middle parts are connected with each other through a sliding shaft, the end parts are connected with each other through hinges, so that a triangle is formed between three adjacent connection points, the stability of the telescopic bracket is favorably maintained, the triangular telescopic bracket can also be used for adjusting the height of the image spectrometer 9, the field range of the camera can be conveniently adjusted, and the image spectral data quality is improved.
In the embodiment, the outdoor omnibearing tripod head 5 is arranged on the upper part of a triangular telescopic bracket 10, the image spectrograph 9, an instrument protecting device 7 and a miniature camera 8 are arranged on the upper part of the tripod head 5, the outdoor omnibearing tripod head 5 has the advantages of anti-shake, omnibearing rotation, strong anti-interference capability and the like, the stability and the flexibility of the operation of the image spectrograph are ensured,
in this embodiment, the miniature camera 8 is installed in the front side of the instrument protection device 7 and used for irradiating the position of the tunnel face from two visual angles along the forward moving direction of the carrying platform 2, accurately positioning the tunnel face by the binocular vision positioning principle, transmitting the positioning information to the positioning unit, controlling the high-bradyseism wear-resistant rubber wheel 4 to move the carrying platform 2 to the central line of the tunnel face, and controlling the camera 9 to move to the optimal imaging position by adjusting the relative position between the system and the tunnel face through the visual field of the camera 9.
In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmitter 6 is used to transmit information and data to the main controller 1 and other modules.
In this embodiment, the image spectrum data acquisition module includes an image spectrometer 9 and an instrument protection device 7, and the image spectrometer 9 continuously performs image spectrum test on the tunnel face to acquire data by advancing along with tunnel excavation through the whole system.
In this embodiment, the image spectrometer 9 is directly mounted on the outdoor omnidirectional pan/tilt 5, and is mounted on the triangular telescopic bracket 10 together with the outdoor omnidirectional pan/tilt 5, so that the image spectrometer 9 is kept stable and the imaging quality is improved when moving, the image spectrometer 9 is used for acquiring image spectrum data of a face, and the image spectrum data is transmitted to the unfavorable geological real-time identification module through the wireless signal transmitter 6.
In this embodiment, the image spectrometer can be classified into push-broom type, swing-broom type, gaze type and the like, and the preferred selective gaze type in this embodiment is that the gaze type image spectrometer can complete acquisition of the palm surface image spectrum data without relative displacement with the palm surface, and is simple and convenient to operate.
In this embodiment, the range of the wave band for acquiring data by the image spectrometer can be set to 350mm to 25000mm, specifically including near infrared and intermediate infrared wave bands, and the wave band can basically contain common unfavorable geological indicative minerals according to spectroscopy and geological knowledge;
in this embodiment, the image spectrometer protection device 7 is installed outside the image spectrometer and is used for protecting the image spectrometer 9 from being affected by water vapor, dust and falling rocks in the tunnel.
In this embodiment, image spectrum appearance protection device 7 bottom and image spectrum appearance 9 are located same horizontal plane, and both bottoms laminating are inseparable, can not form relative movement to reserve the camera position for miniature camera 8 at the protection device front end, can ensure the work of miniature camera 8 in the tunnel simultaneously.
In this embodiment, the unfavorable geology real-time identification module includes a data processing unit and a real-time identification unit;
the data processing unit receives image spectrum data from the image spectrum data acquisition module through the wireless signal transmitter, processes the image spectrum data, acquires reference color and adverse geological marker minerals, acquires a palm face color abnormal area proportion threshold, intercepts and discards the spectrum data, retains spectral data of characteristic wave band absorbed by the marker minerals, is called as characteristic spectrum data, quantitatively identifies the characteristic spectrum data, acquires the types and the abundances of the minerals, allocates a color system to each mineral, expresses the abundance of the minerals by using the depth of the color system, performs mapping, automatically marks ash on the part of the palm face where the adverse geological marker minerals are not identified, and judges the types, the scales and the positions of the adverse geological bodies according to the type combination, the distribution condition and the abundance information of the adverse geological marker minerals;
the real-time identification unit interactively works with the data processing unit through an internal system of the main controller 1, and cooperatively works, and has the main functions of judging whether the color of the face is abnormal or not through an image dominant color extraction algorithm, judging whether the features such as broken zones, scratches, large cracks and the like appear or not through image data, judging whether the color abnormal area ratio of the face exceeds a threshold value or not through the color abnormal area ratio obtained through the image dominant color extraction algorithm and a pixel point statistical algorithm, judging whether the spectrum abnormality or not through the absorption features of the feature spectrum data, and finally achieving the purpose of real-time identification of unfavorable geology.
In this embodiment, the real-time identification of the unfavorable geology is realized by delineating the mineral anomaly and identifying the position, scale and type of the unfavorable geologic body according to the anomaly characteristics of the mineral.
More specifically, the working method of the system of the embodiment includes:
t1: performing imaging spectrum test on the tunnel face of the excavated segment, and combining mass data of early-stage geological survey data, selecting unfavorable geological marker minerals, determining the color characteristics (reference color) of normal surrounding rock, and determining an area proportion threshold value of abnormal tunnel face color when encountering unfavorable geology;
by testing the excavated sections of the tunnel face and combining early-stage geological survey data, minerals with obviously changed contents, which are common in unfavorable geology encountered in construction in a plurality of tunnels, are selected as unfavorable geological marker minerals, such as clay minerals (illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, smectite and the like), alteration minerals (chlorite, celadon, zeolite and the like) and partial rock-making minerals;
the method comprises the steps of determining a reference color by utilizing an image dominant color extraction algorithm (such as a k-means clustering algorithm), determining a color abnormal area ratio according to a pixel point statistical algorithm (such as a ROI region pixel point statistical algorithm), and determining a palm face color abnormal area ratio threshold value when a bad geology is encountered based on a large amount of data;
bad geological marker mineral, the abnormal area of dynamic adjustment palm face benchmark colour and colour area proportion threshold value are selected in the developments, include: and (3) carrying out integral image spectrum test on a plurality of face surfaces within 1m of the distance in front of the face surface every 5m of tunneling along with continuous excavation of the face surface, continuously feeding back test results to the data processing unit, carrying out qualitative and quantitative identification, and dynamically updating the ranges of the adverse geological marker minerals, the face surface reference colors and the threshold values so as to adapt to geological conditions of different mark sections.
T2: performing imaging spectrum test on the section to be excavated, acquiring an imaging spectrum data cube of the tunnel face, respectively performing subsequent processing on image data and spectrum data in the data cube, and dynamically adjusting indexes mentioned in T1 through feedback data;
in the embodiment, the image spectrometer is positioned at the optimal relative position by the positioning of the miniature camera 8 and the movement of the whole system, so that the acquisition of image spectrum data is completed, and the data is transmitted to the real-time unfavorable geology identification module;
the method comprises the steps of dynamically selecting the unfavorable geological marker minerals, continuously carrying out mineral testing, continuously feeding testing results back to a data processing unit, and continuously updating and adjusting the kinds of the unfavorable geological marker minerals in the tunneling process so as to adapt to the geological conditions of different mark sections.
T3: firstly, processing acquired image information of a face, judging whether color abnormality occurs or not, if the color abnormality occurs, carrying out T4, if the color abnormality does not occur, continuously judging whether unfavorable geological precursors such as obvious cracks, fault scratches and broken zones occur or not through the image information of the face, if the obvious geological precursors do not exist, indicating that the unfavorable geology is not encountered, and if the obvious precursor characteristics occur, carrying out T6, and processing spectral information of the unfavorable geological precursors;
the method comprises the steps of receiving image information and spectral information transmitted by an image spectral data acquisition module, judging whether color abnormality occurs by using an image color extraction algorithm, and judging whether obvious broken zones, fault scratches and large cracks occur in front surrounding rocks or not through images;
the judgment of the color abnormity is to compare the extracted color of the image with the previously determined dominant color, and if the extracted color is different from the previously determined dominant color, the color abnormity is judged to occur.
T4: counting the number of pixel points in the color abnormal area of the palm surface, and dividing the number by the total number of the pixel points in the image of the palm surface to obtain the area ratio of the color abnormal area;
because the total pixel points of the image are known, the area ratio of the total pixel points of the image to the total pixel points of the image is used for calculating to obtain the color abnormal area ratio of the palm surface;
as an alternative embodiment, the color abnormal area ratio is calculated by extracting the number of pixels in the abnormal area by using a Region of interest (ROI) extraction algorithm and using the following formula:
t5: comparing the obtained color abnormal area ratio with a threshold, if the color abnormal area ratio is smaller than the threshold, continuously judging whether unfavorable geological precursors such as obvious cracks, fault scratches, broken zones and the like appear through the palm face image information, if no obvious precursor characteristics exist, indicating that the unfavorable geology is not encountered, and if the obvious precursor characteristics exist, performing T6 to process the spectrum information of the image; if the threshold value is larger than the threshold value, T6 is carried out.
T6: processing the spectral data, and intercepting the characteristic absorption wave band of the previously selected unfavorable geological marker mineral as characteristic spectral data according to spectroscopy and geological knowledge;
the characteristic spectrum data is that according to the knowledge of spectroscopy, each mineral has a specific absorption wave band and different absorption characteristics, different mineral types can be identified according to the characteristics, and the spectrum data is processed into the characteristic spectrum data according to the characteristics.
T7: judging whether the characteristic spectrum data has spectrum abnormity, if the characteristic spectrum data does not have spectrum abnormity, judging that no unfavorable geology exists, and if the characteristic spectrum data has spectrum abnormity, performing T8;
the phenomenon of spectrum abnormity refers to that absorption characteristics appear on the characteristic spectrum data of the palm surface pixel points, and if the phenomenon of spectrum abnormity does not appear, the characteristic spectrum curve is stable and has no absorption characteristics.
T9: performing quantitative mineral inversion by using the absorption characteristics of the characteristic spectrum data to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the working face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by using the depth of the color system, filling a map, and automatically marking ash on the part of the working face where no bad geological marker mineral is identified;
quantitative identification can be carried out on the unfavorable geological marker minerals through the characteristics of the absorption depth, the absorption area and the like of the characteristic spectrum data;
the marked ash of the mineral part of the poor geological marker at the position where the tunnel face is not identified can be directly compared with the distribution color system part, so that the distribution condition of minerals is clearly shown;
and judging the type, scale and position of the unfavorable geologic body according to the mineral distribution condition of the unfavorable geologic marker, thereby realizing the real-time identification of the shape and the character of the unfavorable geologic body.
Example 4:
embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, where the program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the method for identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectra according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Example 5:
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. A method for judging and identifying poor geologic bodies in tunnels in real time based on image spectra is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring tunnel face imaging spectrum data comprising image data and spectrum data;
extracting colors of the image data, comparing the extracted colors with color features of normal surrounding rocks, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor features appear or not if the abnormal colors do not appear, if so, continuing to process spectral information, and if not, subjecting the current region to unfavorable geology;
if the color is abnormal, calculating the area ratio of the color abnormal area, if the area ratio of the color abnormal area is smaller than a set threshold, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor characteristics occur or not, if so, continuing to process the spectral information, otherwise, the current area does not suffer from unfavorable geology, and if the area ratio of the color abnormal area is larger than or equal to the set threshold, processing the spectral information;
processing spectral information, intercepting a characteristic absorption waveband of the unfavorable geological marker mineral, judging whether the spectrum of the tunnel face spectral information is abnormal or not, if so, judging that no unfavorable geology exists in the current region, and otherwise, executing the next step;
carrying out quantitative inversion on minerals by using the absorption characteristics of the characteristic absorption wave band of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the tunnel face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by using the depth of the color system, and automatically marking the part of the tunnel face without identifying the unfavorable geological marker minerals as a specific color;
and judging the type, scale and position of the unfavorable geologic body according to the type combination, distribution and abundance information of the unfavorable geologic marker minerals.
2. The image spectrum-based method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
setting a threshold value as an area ratio threshold value of abnormal face color when encountering unfavorable geology, and dynamically adjusting the color characteristics of normal surrounding rocks, the unfavorable geology marking minerals and the area ratio threshold value of abnormal face color when encountering unfavorable geology according to the acquired face imaging spectrum data, wherein the dynamic adjustment comprises the following steps:
with the continuous excavation of the face, when the distance is set, the integral image spectrum test is carried out on a plurality of faces within a certain distance in front of the face, and qualitative and quantitative identification is carried out on the test result, so as to realize dynamic adjustment.
3. The method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels based on image spectra according to claim 1, wherein:
calculating the area ratio of the color abnormal region, comprising the following steps: and multiplying the area of the pixel points by the number of the color abnormal pixel points to obtain the area of the color abnormal area of the palm surface, and dividing the area by the total area of the palm surface image to obtain the area ratio of the color abnormal area.
4. The image spectrum-based method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the unfavorable geological precursor characteristics at least comprise cracks, fault scratches and broken zones, and the part of the tunnel face without identifying the unfavorable geological marker minerals is marked with gray.
5. The method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels based on image spectra according to any of claims 1-4, wherein:
judging whether the spectrum information of the palm surface is abnormal or not, comprising the following steps:
and if the characteristic absorption band has absorption characteristics, the spectrum is abnormal, otherwise, the spectrum is not abnormal.
6. The utility model provides a bad geologic body real-time judgement system in tunnel based on image spectrum which characterized in that:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring palm surface imaging spectral data comprising image data and spectral data;
a color normality determination module configured to: extracting colors of the image data, comparing the extracted colors with color features of normal surrounding rocks, judging whether unfavorable geological precursor features appear or not if the colors are not abnormal, if so, continuing to process spectral information, otherwise, not exposing the current region to unfavorable geology;
a color anomaly determination module configured to: if the color is abnormal, calculating the area ratio of the area with the color abnormal, if the area ratio of the area with the color abnormal is smaller than a set threshold, judging whether the premonition characteristics of unfavorable geology occur, if so, continuing to process the spectral information, otherwise, the current area does not suffer from the unfavorable geology, and if the area ratio of the area with the color abnormal is larger than or set threshold, processing the spectral information;
a spectral anomaly determination module configured to: processing spectral information, intercepting a characteristic absorption waveband of the unfavorable geological marker mineral, judging whether the spectrum of the tunnel face spectral information is abnormal, if so, judging that no unfavorable geology occurs in the current region, and otherwise, executing the function of an inversion calibration module;
an inversion calibration module configured to: carrying out quantitative inversion on minerals by utilizing the absorption characteristics of the characteristic absorption wave band of the adverse geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point of the working face, distributing a color system to each mineral, representing the mineral abundance by utilizing the depth of the color system, and automatically marking the part of the working face, which does not recognize the adverse geological marker minerals, as a specific color;
a bad geology identification module configured to: and judging the type, scale and position of the unfavorable geologic body according to the species combination, distribution condition and abundance information of the unfavorable geologic marker minerals.
7. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
and setting a threshold as an area ratio threshold of abnormal color of the working face when encountering unfavorable geology, and dynamically adjusting the color characteristics of normal surrounding rocks, the unfavorable geological marker minerals and the area ratio threshold of abnormal color of the working face when encountering unfavorable geology according to the acquired imaging spectrum data of the working face.
8. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
poor geologic precursor characteristics include at least fractures, fault scratches, and fracture zones.
9. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
calculating the area proportion of the color abnormal region, comprising the following steps: and multiplying the area of the pixel points by the number of the color abnormal pixel points to obtain the area of the color abnormal region of the palm surface, and dividing the area by the total area of the image of the palm surface to obtain the area proportion of the color abnormal region.
10. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
the part of the tunnel face without identifying the unfavorable geological marker minerals is marked with grey.
11. The image spectrum-based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in any one of claims 6-10, wherein:
judging whether the spectrum information of the palm surface is abnormal or not, comprising the following steps:
and if the characteristic absorption band has absorption characteristics, the spectrum is abnormal, otherwise, the spectrum is not abnormal.
12. The utility model provides a bad geologic body real-time judgement system in tunnel based on image spectrum which characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
the system comprises a main control module, an image spectral data acquisition module and a real-time unfavorable geological identification module;
the main control module comprises a control unit and a positioning unit;
a control unit configured at least to: the start-stop control of the positioning unit, the image spectral data acquisition module and the unfavorable geological real-time identification module is realized;
a positioning unit configured at least to: positioning by a plurality of miniature cameras, controlling the movement of the high-cushioning wear-resistant rubber wheels based on wireless signal transmission to realize the regulation of the movement of the carrying platform, the regulation of the movement of the triangular telescopic support and the setting of scanning parameters of the image spectrometer;
an image spectral data acquisition module configured to: acquiring an image spectrum data cube of a tunnel face in the tunnel excavation process, and transmitting the image spectrum data cube to a data processing unit of a bad geology real-time identification module through a wireless signal transmitter;
the unfavorable geology real-time judging and identifying module comprises a data processing unit and a real-time judging and identifying unit;
a data processing unit configured to: extracting image spectral data cube into image data and spectral data, adopting an image dominant color extraction algorithm for the image data, determining color characteristics of normal surrounding rock, calculating an area ratio threshold value of abnormal palm face color, preprocessing the spectral data, performing qualitative and quantitative identification on minerals, and selecting adverse geological marker minerals by using mineral information of a measured section;
processing the image data by using an image dominant color extraction algorithm according to the image spectral data of the section to be excavated received in real time, and transmitting the processing result to a real-time identification unit;
a real-time recognition unit configured to: judging whether the color of the palm surface is abnormal or not, if so, calculating the area ratio of the area with the abnormal color, if so, judging whether the unfavorable geological precursor characteristic occurs or not, if so, continuing to process the spectral information, otherwise, not processing the spectral information in the current area, and if not, processing the spectral information; and if the color is not abnormal, judging other characteristics of the image data, if no obvious precursor characteristic exists, indicating that no unfavorable geology is encountered, and if the obvious precursor characteristic exists, performing a spectrum test.
13. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels of claim 12, wherein:
a data processing unit further configured to: processing the spectral data in the acquired image spectral data, intercepting the characteristic absorption wave band of the previously selected unfavorable geological marker mineral, abandoning the other wave bands, calling the processed result as characteristic spectral data, and transmitting the characteristic spectral data to a real-time identification unit;
a real-time recognition unit further configured to: judging whether the spectrum abnormality occurs to the face spectrum information, if not, judging that no unfavorable geology occurs, and if so, returning the data to the data processing unit;
a data processing unit further configured to: carrying out quantitative mineral inversion by using the absorption depth characteristics of the characteristic absorption spectrum section of the unfavorable geological marker minerals to obtain the mineral abundance of each pixel point on the tunnel face, allocating a color system to each mineral, representing the abundance of the minerals by using the depth of the color system, and carrying out map filling;
the automatic ash marking of the part of the poor geological marker minerals which is not identified on the tunnel face enhances the contrast degree of the normal mineral area and the abnormal mineral area, and the type, the scale and the position of the poor geological body are judged according to the type combination, the distribution condition and the abundance information of the poor geological marker minerals.
14. The system for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies within tunnels based on image spectroscopy of claim 12 wherein:
the control unit comprises a main controller and a wireless signal transmitter, the main controller is carried on the carrying platform and used for realizing start-stop control over the positioning unit, the image spectrum data acquisition module and the unfavorable geology real-time identification module, and the wireless signal transmitter is used for receiving transmission signals and data processing results of all the module units.
15. The system for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies within tunnels based on image spectroscopy of claim 12 wherein:
the positioning unit at least comprises a carrying platform, a buffer rod, a high-shock-absorption wear-resistant rubber wheel, a triangular telescopic bracket, an outdoor omnibearing tripod head and a miniature camera;
the carrying platform is used for carrying a main controller, a triangular telescopic bracket, an outdoor omnibearing tripod head, an image spectrometer, an instrument protection device and a miniature camera, and the lower part of the carrying platform is connected with a high-shock-absorption wear-resistant rubber wheel through a buffer rod;
the triangular telescopic support is arranged on the carrying platform, the whole body is in a cuboid shape with variable volume, each surface is mutually crossed through a rod-shaped structure, the middle parts are connected by adopting a sliding shaft, the end parts are hinged, and a triangle is formed between every two adjacent connecting points;
the outdoor omnibearing tripod head is arranged at the upper part of the triangular telescopic bracket, and the upper part of the outdoor omnibearing tripod head is provided with the image spectrograph, the instrument protector and the miniature camera;
the miniature camera is arranged on the front side of the instrument protection device and used for irradiating the position of the tunnel face from a plurality of visual angles along the forward moving direction of the carrying platform, accurately positioning the tunnel face by a multi-view visual positioning principle and transmitting positioning information to the positioning unit;
the positioning unit controls the high-bradyseism wear-resistant rubber wheel to move the carrying platform to the center line of the tunnel face of the tunnel, controls the carrying platform to move to the optimal imaging position through the relative position between the miniature camera visual field adjusting system and the tunnel face, and adjusts scanning parameters of the spectrograph after the carrying platform reaches the optimal imaging position.
16. The image-spectrum-based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels as claimed in claim 15, wherein:
the buffer beam includes two parts, and the upper end and the lift-launch platform bottom surface of first part member are connected, and the lower extreme and the high wear-resisting rubber wheel of bradyseism of second part member are connected, and middle headspace cushions the vibrations that second part member received through atmospheric pressure.
17. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels of claim 12, wherein:
the scanning parameters of the image spectrometer at least comprise frequency increment, scanning duration and camera focal length.
18. The image spectrum based real-time identification system for poor geologic bodies in tunnels of claim 12, wherein:
the image spectrum data acquisition module comprises an image spectrometer and an image spectrometer protection device;
the image spectrometer is carried on the outdoor omnibearing tripod head and is installed to the triangular telescopic bracket together with the outdoor omnibearing tripod head, and the image spectrometer protection device is installed outside the image spectrometer.
19. The system for real-time identification of poor geologic volumes within tunnels based on image spectroscopy of claim 18 wherein:
the bottom of the image spectrometer protection device and the image spectrometer are located on the same horizontal plane, the bottoms of the image spectrometer protection device and the image spectrometer are attached to each other and cannot move relatively, and the front end of the protection device is provided with a miniature camera reserved camera position.
20. The system for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies within tunnels based on image spectroscopy of claim 12 wherein:
preprocessing of the spectral data includes at least one or more of radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction, and noise attenuation.
21. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, wherein the program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels based on image spectra according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
22. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to perform the steps of the method for real-time identification of poor geologic bodies in tunnels based on image spectra as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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