WO2021098044A1

WO2021098044A1 - High-performance aluminum alloy for semi-solid die casting, and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2021098044A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/074344
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张莹; 王继成; 黄子强; 王俊江; 景佰亨; 陈钦义; 任怀德
Original assignee: 珠海市润星泰电器有限公司
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2020-02-05
Publication date: 2021-05-27
Also published as: CN110714148A

Abstract

Disclosed is a high-performance aluminum alloy for semi-solid die-casting, and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components, where the content of each component by weight percentage is as follows: 6.00-13.50% of Si, 0.15-1.00% of Mg, 0.05-0.50% of Cu, 0.01-0.10% of Ti, 0.10-1.00% of Mn, 0.01-0.10% of Sr, and Fe ≤0.20%, with the sum of impurity elements being <0.15%, and the remainder being aluminum. The weight percentage ratio C1 is in the range of 0.75-1.50, where C1=Mg/Mn. In the high-performance, semi-solid aluminum alloy, for the purpose of optimizing the main alloy elements, i.e., Si, Mg, and Mn, elemental Ti is added to refine α-AL crystal grains, while elemental Sr is added to refine the metamorphic eutectic Si phase. The contents of the elements and impurities are controlled to achieve synergy therebetween, and as a result the aluminum alloy has high strength, excellent plasticity and excellent semi-solid die-casting process performance.

Description

一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金及其制备方法High-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof

本申请要求在2019年11月21日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911150077.6、发明名称为“一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office, the application number is 201911150077.6, and the invention title is "a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy and its preparation method" on November 21, 2019. The entire content of the application is approved. The reference is incorporated in this application.

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及铝合金加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, in particular to a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.

背景技术Background technique

半固态压铸成型技术是指在液态金属的凝固过程中进行强烈的搅拌，使普通铸造易于形成的树枝晶网络骨架被打碎而形成分散的颗粒状组织形态，从而制成半固态金属液，然后将其压铸成坯料或铸件。在普通铸造过程中，初晶以枝晶方式长大，当固相率达到0.2左右时，枝晶就形成连续网络骨架，失去宏观流动性。如果在液态金属从液相到固相冷却过程中进行强烈搅拌，则使普通铸造成形时易于形成的树枝晶网络骨架被打碎而保留分散的颗粒状组织形态，悬浮于剩余液相中。这种颗粒状非枝晶的显微组织，在固相率达0.5～0.6时仍具有一定的流变性，从而可利用常规的成形工艺如压铸、挤压，模锻等实现金属的成形。用低温半固态浆料进行挤压压铸，半固态挤压压铸的凝固收缩率小，可以避免缩孔、疏松、气孔等缺陷，可以制造组织更致密、力学性能更高的各类铝合金零部件。Semi-solid die-casting molding technology refers to the strong stirring during the solidification of liquid metal, so that the dendritic network skeleton that is easily formed by ordinary casting is broken to form a dispersed granular structure, thereby making a semi-solid metal liquid, and then Die-cast it into billets or castings. In the ordinary casting process, the primary crystals grow up in the form of dendrites. When the solid phase ratio reaches about 0.2, the dendrites form a continuous network framework and lose their macroscopic fluidity. If the liquid metal is stirred vigorously during the cooling process from the liquid phase to the solid phase, the dendritic network skeleton that is easily formed during ordinary casting will be broken to retain the dispersed granular structure and be suspended in the remaining liquid phase. This granular non-dendritic microstructure still has certain rheology when the solid phase ratio reaches 0.5-0.6, so that conventional forming processes such as die casting, extrusion, and die forging can be used to achieve metal forming. Low-temperature semi-solid slurry is used for extrusion die-casting. The solidification shrinkage of semi-solid extrusion die-casting is small, which can avoid shrinkage, porosity, pores and other defects, and can produce various aluminum alloy parts with denser structure and higher mechanical properties. .

铝合金是工业中应用最广泛的金属结构材料，随着社会经济的发展，高强度、高韧性、高致密度的铝合金零部件在汽车、电子电器、高端装备等领域的需求急剧增加。铝合金的半固态加工技术已经取得了一定的进展，但是仍然存在一定的问题。例如，缺乏对半固态压铸技术专用铝合金的研究和开发。目前，半固态压铸用铝合金主要是ZL101、A356、ADC10、ADC12等牌号的Al-Si系铸造铝合金，这些牌号的铸造铝合金虽然具有很好的铸造流动性和机械加工性能，但用于半固态压铸的产品力学性能偏低，难以满足高性能强度要求，需要对产品做T6热处理，通过固溶强化提高产品抗拉强度和硬度；例如，常规的半固态铝合金材料采用挤压压铸工艺生产后进行T6固溶强化热处理，但T6热处理对产品内部质量要求较高，产品内部气孔、缩孔会在热处理过程中气泡导致产品报废，且T6热处理时间8-12小时，热处理成本较高，难以满足半固态挤压压铸高效、低成本的生产需求。Aluminum alloy is the most widely used metal structure material in the industry. With the development of social economy, the demand for high-strength, high-toughness, and high-density aluminum alloy parts in automobiles, electronic appliances, high-end equipment and other fields has increased sharply. The semi-solid processing technology of aluminum alloy has made certain progress, but there are still certain problems. For example, there is a lack of research and development on special aluminum alloys for semi-solid die casting technology. At present, the aluminum alloys for semi-solid die casting are mainly Al-Si series cast aluminum alloys of ZL101, A356, ADC10, ADC12 and other grades. Although these grades of cast aluminum alloys have good casting fluidity and machining properties, they are used The mechanical properties of semi-solid die-casting products are low, and it is difficult to meet the high-performance strength requirements. It is necessary to do T6 heat treatment on the product to improve the tensile strength and hardness of the product through solid solution strengthening; for example, the conventional semi-solid aluminum alloy material adopts the extrusion die-casting process T6 solid solution strengthening heat treatment is carried out after production, but T6 heat treatment has higher requirements for the internal quality of the product. The internal pores and shrinkage holes in the product will cause the product to be scrapped during the heat treatment process, and the T6 heat treatment time is 8-12 hours, and the heat treatment cost is higher. It is difficult to meet the high-efficiency and low-cost production requirements of semi-solid extrusion die-casting.

因此需要一种能够克服上述问题的半固态压铸铝合金生产方法以及适应于该方法的铝合金组合物。Therefore, there is a need for a semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy production method that can overcome the above-mentioned problems and an aluminum alloy composition suitable for the method.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对上述存在问题和不足，通过优化设计合金中Si、Mg、Cu、Ti、Mn、Sr和Fe的含量，通过步骤1S、2S、3S，提供一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金及其制备方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum by optimizing the content of Si, Mg, Cu, Ti, Mn, Sr and Fe in the alloy and designing the content of Si, Mg, Cu, Ti, Mn, Sr and Fe in the above-mentioned problems and deficiencies. Alloy and its preparation method.

根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金，所述铝合金包括下述组分，且各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 6.00～13.50％，Mg 0.15～1.00％，Cu 0.05～0.50％，Ti 0.01～0.10％，Mn 0.10～1.00％，Sr 0.01～0.10％，Fe≤0.20％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75～1.50。According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy includes the following components, and the content of each component is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 6.00 to 13.50%, Mg 0.15 to 1.00 %, Cu 0.05～0.50%, Ti 0.01～0.10%, Mn 0.10～1.00%, Sr 0.01～0.10%, Fe≤0.20%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg The range of /Mn is 0.75 to 1.50.

其中，各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 7.50～12.50％，Mg 0.20～0.80％，Cu 0.10～0.30％，Ti 0.01～0.05％，Mn 0.20～0.80％，Sr 0.01～0.04％，Fe≤0.18％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75～1.50。Among them, the content of each component is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 7.50~12.50%, Mg 0.20~0.80%, Cu 0.10~0.30%, Ti 0.01~0.05%, Mn 0.20~0.80%, Sr 0.01~0.04%, Fe ≤0.18%, the sum of impurity elements is less than 0.15, and the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn ranges from 0.75 to 1.50.

其中，各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 8.50～10.50％，Mg 0.25～0.65％，Cu 0.15～0.25％，Ti 0.01～0.05％，Mn 0.30～0.60％，Sr 0.01～0.04％，Fe≤0.15％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75～1.50。Among them, the content of each component is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 8.50～10.50%, Mg 0.25～0.65%, Cu 0.15～0.25%, Ti 0.01～0.05%, Mn 0.30～0.60%, Sr 0.01～0.04%, Fe ≤0.15%, the sum of impurity elements is less than 0.15, and the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn ranges from 0.75 to 1.50.

其中，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为1.00～1.25。Wherein, the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn ranges from 1.00 to 1.25.

其中，重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围为0.50～1.00。Wherein, the weight percentage ratio C2=Sr/Ti ranges from 0.50 to 1.00.

其中，重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围为0.75～1.00。Wherein, the weight percentage ratio C2=Sr/Ti ranges from 0.75 to 1.00.

根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The preparation method includes the following steps:

1S配料及熔炼：按组分配取原料硅源、镁源、铜源、铝源、钛源、锰源，锶源；将配取的原料加热熔炼，得铝合金液，其中熔炼温度为730～760℃；1S batching and smelting: take the raw materials silicon source, magnesium source, copper source, aluminum source, titanium source, manganese source, and strontium source according to the group distribution; heat and smelt the prepared raw materials to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, where the smelting temperature is 730～ 760°C;

2S半固态浆料制备：将步骤1S所得的铝合金液采用机械搅拌、电磁搅拌或超声振动方法制备成温度为580～600℃的铝合金半固态浆料；2S semi-solid slurry preparation: the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is prepared into an aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 580 to 600°C by mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic vibration;

3S压铸成型：将步骤2S所得的铝合金半固态浆料压铸成型，得半固态压铸铝合金，其中，压铸温度为200～260℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为 165～225MPa，保压时间为5～10s；3S die-casting molding: Die-casting the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry obtained in step 2S to obtain a semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy, wherein the die-casting temperature is 200-260°C, the injection speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, and the injection specific pressure It is 90～110MPa, the boost pressure is 165～225MPa, and the pressure holding time is 5～10s;

4S组合热处理：将步骤3S所得的半固态压铸铝合金在545～550℃温度下固溶处理6～8h，水淬后，在200～205℃温度下时效处理3～5h，随炉冷却后得高性能铝合金。4S combined heat treatment: the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in step 3S is solution treated at 545～550℃ for 6～8h. After water quenching, it is aged at 200～205℃ for 3～5h, and the result is obtained after cooling in the furnace. High-performance aluminum alloy.

其中，制备方法括还包括以下步骤：Wherein, the preparation method also includes the following steps:

或2S半固态浆料制备：将步骤1S所得的铝合金液进行精炼除气除渣后，采用机械搅拌方法制备成温度为580～600℃的铝合金半固态浆料；Or 2S semi-solid slurry preparation: After the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is refined, degassed and slag removed, a mechanical stirring method is used to prepare an aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 580 to 600°C;

其中，所述硅源为99.9％的速溶硅，所述镁源为99.95％的镁锭，所述铜源为99.99％的电解铜，所述铝源为99.8％的铝锭，所述钛源为Al-10Ti合金，所述锰源为Al-10Mn合金，所述锶源为Al-10Sr合金。Wherein, the silicon source is 99.9% instant silicon, the magnesium source is 99.95% magnesium ingot, the copper source is 99.99% electrolytic copper, the aluminum source is 99.8% aluminum ingot, and the titanium source It is an Al-10Ti alloy, the manganese source is an Al-10Mn alloy, and the strontium source is an Al-10Sr alloy.

其中，在步骤2S中，所述搅拌方法包括机械搅拌、电磁搅拌或超声振动方法，其中，所述机械搅拌方法的搅拌速度为1000～1850转/分钟，搅拌时间为10～18s；所述电磁搅拌方法的搅拌频率为40～50赫兹，搅拌时间为10～15s；所述超声振动方法的振动频率为20～30赫兹，振动时间为5～10s。Wherein, in step 2S, the stirring method includes mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic vibration method, wherein the stirring speed of the mechanical stirring method is 1000-1850 revolutions/min, and the stirring time is 10-18s; The stirring frequency of the stirring method is 40-50 Hz, and the stirring time is 10-15s; the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration method is 20-30 Hz, and the vibration time is 5-10s.

其中，在步骤3S中，压铸模温度为220～240℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为180～220MPa，保压时间为8～10s。Among them, in step 3S, the die-casting mold temperature is 220-240℃, the injection speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, the injection specific pressure is 90-110MPa, the boost pressure is 180-220MPa, and the pressure holding time is 8～ 10s.

该高性能半固态压铸铝合金中各元素的作用及含量说明如下：The functions and contents of each element in this high-performance semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy are as follows:

Si元素在铝合金中能与Al形成Al+Si共晶液相，提高铝合金的压铸流动性，同时还能提高铝合金的强度和机械加工性能。Si含量越高，共晶液相越多，铝合金的压铸流动性越好，但压铸铝合金的塑性会下降。Si含量低于6.00％时，铝合金的流动性满足不了半固态压铸的工艺要求，而Si含量超过13.50％时，铝合金的塑性会出现显著下降。因此，为了保证铝合金具有足够的半固态压铸流动性和塑性，Si的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为6.00～13.50％。优选地，Si的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为7.50～12.50％。更优选地，Si的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为8.50～10.50％。Si element can form Al+Si eutectic liquid phase with Al in aluminum alloy, improve the die-casting fluidity of aluminum alloy, and improve the strength and machining performance of aluminum alloy at the same time. The higher the Si content, the more the eutectic liquid phase, the better the die-casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy, but the plasticity of the die-cast aluminum alloy will decrease. When the Si content is less than 6.00%, the fluidity of the aluminum alloy cannot meet the process requirements of semi-solid die casting, and when the Si content exceeds 13.50%, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy will decrease significantly. Therefore, in order to ensure that the aluminum alloy has sufficient semi-solid die-casting fluidity and plasticity, the weight percentage content of Si can be limited to 6.00% to 13.50%. Preferably, the weight percentage content range of Si can be limited to 7.50-12.50%. More preferably, the weight percentage content range of Si can be limited to 8.50-10.50%.

Mg元素在半固态压铸铝合金中能与Si形成Mg2Si强化相，增强半固态压铸铝合金的强度，Mg含量越高，半固态压铸铝合金的强度也越高，但塑性会逐渐下降。Mg含量低于0.15％，半固态压铸铝合金的强度达不到300MPa，Mg含量超过1.00％，则半固态压铸铝合金的塑形达不到8％。因此，为了保证半固态压铸铝合金的强度和塑性，Mg的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.15～1.00％。优选地，Mg的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.20～0.80％。更优选地，Mg的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.25～0.65％。The Mg element can form a Mg2Si strengthening phase with Si in the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy to enhance the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The higher the Mg content, the higher the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, but the plasticity will gradually decrease. If the Mg content is less than 0.15%, the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy cannot reach 300 MPa, and the Mg content exceeds 1.00%, the shape of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy cannot reach 8%. Therefore, in order to ensure the strength and plasticity of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, the weight percentage content range of Mg can be limited to 0.15-1.00%. Preferably, the weight percentage content range of Mg can be limited to 0.20 to 0.80%. More preferably, the weight percentage content range of Mg can be limited to 0.25-0.65%.

Mn元素在半固态压铸铝合金中能与Si形成Mn2Si强化相，增强半固态压铸铝合金的强度，Mn含量越高，半固态压铸铝合金的强度也越高，但塑性会逐渐下降。Mn含量低于0.10％，半固态压铸铝合金的强度达不到300MPa，Mn含量超过1.00％，则半固态压铸铝合金的塑形达不到8％。并且，Mn的含量过多则将形成大量的不可溶粗大金属间化合物，从而降低铝合金的流动性，从而影响铝合金的强度和塑性。因此，Mn的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.10～1.00％。优选地，Mn的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.20～0.80％。更优选地，Mn的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.30～0.60％。Mn element can form Mn2Si strengthening phase with Si in the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy to enhance the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The higher the Mn content, the higher the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, but the plasticity will gradually decrease. If the Mn content is less than 0.10%, the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy cannot reach 300 MPa, and the Mn content exceeds 1.00%, the shape of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy cannot reach 8%. Moreover, if the content of Mn is too large, a large amount of insoluble coarse intermetallic compounds will be formed, thereby reducing the fluidity of the aluminum alloy, thereby affecting the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, the weight percentage content of Mn can be limited to 0.10 to 1.00%. Preferably, the weight percentage content range of Mn can be limited to 0.20 to 0.80%. More preferably, the weight percentage content range of Mn can be limited to 0.30 to 0.60%.

Cu元素在半固态压铸铝合金中既有固溶强化作用，同时在铝合金时效热处理过程中析出CuAl2强化相，增强铝合金的强度。Cu含量低于0.05％，半固态压铸铝合金的强度达不到300MPa。Cu含量越高，半固态压铸铝合金的强度也越高，但Cu含量超过0.50％时，会明显降低半固态压铸铝合金抗腐蚀性能，增加铝合金的热裂倾向。因此，为了确保半固态压铸铝合金的强度和抗腐蚀性能，避免热裂，Cu的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.05～0.50％。优选地，Cu的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.10～0.30％。更优选地，Cu的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.15～0.25％。The Cu element not only has a solid solution strengthening effect in the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, at the same time, the CuAl2 strengthening phase is precipitated during the aging heat treatment of the aluminum alloy to enhance the strength of the aluminum alloy. The Cu content is less than 0.05%, and the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy cannot reach 300 MPa. The higher the Cu content, the higher the strength of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, but when the Cu content exceeds 0.50%, it will significantly reduce the corrosion resistance of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy and increase the hot cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, in order to ensure the strength and corrosion resistance of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy and avoid hot cracking, the weight percentage content of Cu may be limited to 0.05 to 0.50%. Preferably, the weight percentage content range of Cu can be limited to 0.10 to 0.30%. More preferably, the weight percentage content range of Cu may be limited to 0.15 to 0.25%.

Ti元素在半固态压铸铝合金中主要起到细化α-Al晶粒的作用，改善铝合金的组织成分均匀性，提高半固态压铸铝合金的流动性、强度和塑性。Ti含量小于0.01％，晶粒细化效果不明显。Ti含量越高，晶粒细化效果越好，但Ti含量超过0.10％时，也会导致粗大金属间化合物TiAl3相的出现，恶化半固态压铸铝合金的强度和塑性。因此，Ti的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.01～0.10％。优选地，Ti的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.01～0.05％。Sr元素在半固态压铸铝合金中主要起到对共晶Si相的细化变质作用。共晶Si相在铝合金中通常都是呈细长的针状，这种细长的针状共晶Si相也会割裂铝合金基体，是导致传统压铸铝合金强度和塑性较低的重要原因。现有技术对共晶Si相的细化变质主要是添加Na，但目前Na元素还存在细化变质效果不稳定、容易引发吸气等问题。发明人通过大量实验研究发现，Sr元素对本发明所述半固态压铸铝合金的共晶Si相具有良好的细化变质作用，其效果明显好于传统的Na元素，还有稳定好、持续时间长、再现性好等优点，还可以避免传统Na元素细化变质引起的吸气问题。添加0.01～0.10％的Sr元素，可使半固态压铸铝合金中共晶Si的形态从细长的针状转变为细小均匀的颗粒状，显著提高半固态压铸铝合金的强度和塑性。优选地，Sr的重量百分比含量范围可以限定为0.01～0.04％。Ti element mainly plays a role in refining α-Al grains in semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, improves the uniformity of the structure of the aluminum alloy, and improves the fluidity, strength and plasticity of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The Ti content is less than 0.01%, and the grain refinement effect is not obvious. The higher the Ti content, the better the grain refinement effect, but when the Ti content exceeds 0.10%, it will also cause the appearance of the coarse intermetallic compound TiAl3 phase, which deteriorates the strength and plasticity of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. Therefore, the weight percentage content range of Ti can be limited to 0.01 to 0.10%. Preferably, the weight percentage content range of Ti can be limited to 0.01-0.05%. Sr element mainly plays a role in the refinement and modification of the eutectic Si phase in the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The eutectic Si phase in aluminum alloys is usually in the form of slender needles. This slender needle-like eutectic Si phase will also split the aluminum alloy matrix, which is an important reason for the lower strength and plasticity of traditional die-casting aluminum alloys. . In the prior art, the refinement and metamorphism of the eutectic Si phase is mainly the addition of Na, but the current Na element still has problems such as unstable refinement and metamorphism effect and easy to cause gas absorption. The inventor found through a large number of experimental studies that Sr element has a good refinement and metamorphism effect on the eutectic Si phase of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and its effect is significantly better than the traditional Na element, and it is also stable and has a long duration. , Good reproducibility and other advantages, can also avoid the inhalation problem caused by the refinement and deterioration of traditional Na elements. The addition of 0.01 to 0.10% of Sr element can transform the eutectic Si in the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy from slender needles to fine and uniform particles, and significantly improve the strength and plasticity of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. Preferably, the weight percentage content range of Sr can be limited to 0.01-0.04%.

Fe元素是铝合金中不可避免的杂质元素，在铝合金中常常形成粗大的针状Al-Fe-Si系富Fe相，这种粗大针状富Fe相会严重割裂铝合金基体，是导致传统压铸铝合金强度和塑性较低的主要原因。发明人通过大量实验研究发现，半固态压铸铝合金中杂质元素Fe的含量控制在≤0.2％，优选地，Fe的含量控制在≤0.18％，更优选地，Fe的含量控制在≤0.15％，再添加0.1～0.15％的V元素，通过V元素改变和抑制富Fe相的生长方向，使富Fe相从粗大的针状细化变质为细小均匀的颗粒状，消除富Fe相对铝合金强度和塑性的影响，才能确保半固态压铸铝合金获得高强度和高塑性。Fe is an unavoidable impurity element in aluminum alloys. In aluminum alloys, thick needle-like Al-Fe-Si system Fe-rich phases are often formed. Such thick needle-like Fe-rich phases will severely split the aluminum alloy matrix and cause traditional The main reason for the low strength and plasticity of die-cast aluminum alloy. The inventor found through a large number of experimental studies that the content of Fe as an impurity element in the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy is controlled to be ≤0.2%, preferably, the content of Fe is controlled to be ≤0.18%, more preferably, the content of Fe is controlled to be ≤0.15%, Then add 0.1-0.15% of V element to change and inhibit the growth direction of Fe-rich phase by V element, so that Fe-rich phase is refined from coarse needle-like to fine and uniform granular shape, eliminating the relative strength and strength of Fe-rich aluminum alloy. The influence of plasticity can ensure that the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtains high strength and high plasticity.

进一步研究中，发明人意外发现，在本发明的高性能半固态压铸铝合金中，控制重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围可以使得铝合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度显著增强，同时具有很高的延伸率，并且促进本发明半固态压铸铝合金α-Al晶粒的球化过程，显著提高半固态压铸铝合金流动性，可以控制重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75～1.50，优选地，控制重量百分比的比值C2＝Mg/Mn的范围为1.00～1.25。控制重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围可以使得铝合金进一步具有更好的机械强度，同时改善铝合金的组织成分均匀性，提高半固态压铸铝合金的流动性，可以控制重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围为0.50～1.00，优选地，控制重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围为0.75～1.00。In further research, the inventor unexpectedly found that in the high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, controlling the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn can significantly increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, and at the same time have Very high elongation, and promotes the spheroidization process of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy α-Al grains of the present invention, significantly improves the fluidity of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, and can control the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn in the range of 0.75 ~1.50, preferably, the control weight percentage ratio C2=Mg/Mn ranges from 1.00 to 1.25. Controlling the weight percentage ratio C2=Sr/Ti can make the aluminum alloy further have better mechanical strength, at the same time improve the uniformity of the structure of the aluminum alloy, improve the fluidity of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, and control the weight percentage ratio The range of C2=Sr/Ti is 0.50 to 1.00, preferably, the ratio of control weight percentage C2=Sr/Ti is in the range of 0.75 to 1.00.

另外，本发明提供了一种上述高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：In addition, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy. The preparation method includes the following steps:

2S半固态浆料制备：将步骤1S所得的铝合金液采用机械搅拌、电磁搅拌或超声振动方法，制备成温度为580～600℃的铝合金半固态浆料；2S semi-solid slurry preparation: the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is prepared into an aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 580 to 600°C by using mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic vibration methods;

3S压铸成型：将步骤2S所得的铝合金半固态浆料压铸成型，得半固态压铸铝合金，其中，压铸温度为200～260℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为165～225MPa，保压时间为5～10s；3S die-casting molding: Die-casting the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry obtained in step 2S to obtain a semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy, wherein the die-casting temperature is 200-260°C, the injection speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, and the injection specific pressure It is 90～110MPa, the boost pressure is 165～225MPa, and the pressure holding time is 5～10s;

4S组合热处理：将步骤3S所得的半固态压铸铝合金在545～550℃温度下固溶处理6～8h，水淬后，在200～205℃温度下时效处理3～5h，随炉冷却后得高性能铝合金。4S combined heat treatment: the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in step 3S is solution treated at 545～550℃ for 6～8h, after water quenching, it is aged at 200～205℃ for 3～5h, and it is obtained after cooling in the furnace. High-performance aluminum alloy.

上述制备方法按照1S)～4S)的顺序依次进行。The above-mentioned preparation methods are carried out sequentially in the order of 1S) to 4S).

步骤1S中，硅源为99.9％的速溶硅，镁源为99.95％的镁锭，铜源为99.99％的电解铜，铝源为99.8％的铝锭，钛源为Al-10Ti合金，锰源为Al-10Mn合金，锶源为Al-10Sr合金。Fe、Zn、Ni、Li、Mn、Zr、Sr、Sc、Cr、Er、Sn、Pb等元素是铝锭、速溶硅、镁锭和电解铜中常见的杂质元素，这些杂质元素在铝合金中会形成硬而脆或者低熔点的金属间化合物，成为铝合金受力断裂的裂纹源和裂纹扩展方向，严重恶化铝合金的强度和塑性，因此，这些杂质元素必须严格进行控制。本发明通过选用纯度为99.8％的铝锭、99.9％的速溶硅、99.95％的镁锭、99.99％的电解铜作为原材料，可将杂质元素Fe的含量控制在0.2％以下，Zn、Ni、Li、Mn、Zr、Sr、Sc、Cr、Er、Sn、Pb等杂质元素的单个含量小于0.05％、总量小于0.15％，确保半固态压铸铝合金获得高强度和高塑性。In step 1S, the silicon source is 99.9% instant silicon, the magnesium source is 99.95% magnesium ingot, the copper source is 99.99% electrolytic copper, the aluminum source is 99.8% aluminum ingot, the titanium source is Al-10Ti alloy, and the manganese source It is an Al-10Mn alloy, and the strontium source is an Al-10Sr alloy. Fe, Zn, Ni, Li, Mn, Zr, Sr, Sc, Cr, Er, Sn, Pb and other elements are common impurity elements in aluminum ingots, instant silicon, magnesium ingots and electrolytic copper. These impurity elements are in aluminum alloys. It will form hard and brittle or low-melting intermetallic compounds, which become the source of cracks and the direction of crack propagation of aluminum alloys under stress, which will seriously deteriorate the strength and plasticity of aluminum alloys. Therefore, these impurity elements must be strictly controlled. The present invention uses 99.8% pure aluminum ingots, 99.9% instant silicon, 99.95% magnesium ingots, and 99.99% electrolytic copper as raw materials to control the content of impurity element Fe below 0.2%, Zn, Ni, Li The single content of impurity elements such as Mn, Zr, Sr, Sc, Cr, Er, Sn, Pb, etc. is less than 0.05%, and the total is less than 0.15%, ensuring that the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtains high strength and high plasticity.

步骤2S中，将步骤1S所得的铝合金液采用搅拌振动方法制备成温度为580～600℃的铝合金半固态浆料。其中，搅拌振动方法优选机械搅拌、电磁搅拌或超声振动方法，并且设定具体的搅拌或者振动参数。铝合金半固态浆料中α-Al晶粒的尺寸越小、球形度越高，铝合金半固态浆料的流动性越好，越有利于半固态压铸成形。因此，获得尺寸细小、球形度高的α-Al晶粒铝合金半固态浆料是实现半固态压铸的重要条件。发明人通过大量实验研究发现，在机械搅拌棒转速为1000～1850转/分钟、搅拌时间为10～18s或者电磁搅拌频率为40～50赫兹、搅拌时间为10～15s或者超声波振动频率为20～30赫兹、振动时间为5～10s条件下，本发明的铝合金可以获得平均直径小于60微米、平均球形度大于0.84的α-Al晶粒铝合金半固态浆料，这种铝合金半固态浆料具有优良的流动性，非常适合于半固态压铸成形。In step 2S, the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is prepared into an aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 580 to 600° C. by using a stirring vibration method. Among them, the stirring vibration method is preferably a mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic vibration method, and specific stirring or vibration parameters are set. The smaller the size of α-Al crystal grains in the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry and the higher the sphericity, the better the fluidity of the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry, which is more conducive to semi-solid die casting. Therefore, obtaining a semi-solid slurry of α-Al crystal grain aluminum alloy with small size and high sphericity is an important condition for realizing semi-solid die casting. The inventor found through a large number of experimental studies that the mechanical stirring rod rotates at 1000-1850 revolutions per minute, the stirring time is 10-18s or the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 40-50 Hz, the stirring time is 10-15s or the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 20～ Under the conditions of 30 Hz and vibration time of 5-10s, the aluminum alloy of the present invention can obtain a semi-solid slurry of α-Al crystal grain aluminum alloy with an average diameter of less than 60 microns and an average sphericity greater than 0.84. This aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry The material has excellent fluidity and is very suitable for semi-solid die casting.

步骤3S中，设定压铸温度为200～260℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为165～225MPa，保压时间为5～10s。半固态压铸铝合金的显微组织为球形和近球形α-Al晶粒与共晶相组成，这种组织与传统压铸铝合金由α-Al树枝晶与共晶相组成的显微组织不同，决定半固态压铸工艺参数及其半固态压铸铝合金的热处理工艺也与传统压铸工艺及热处理工艺也存在较大的不同。发明人对本发明半固态压铸铝合金的压铸工艺和固溶时效工艺进行***研究后发现，在模具型腔温度为200～260℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为165～225MPa和保压时间为5～10s条件下，将铝合金半固态浆料半固态压铸成铝合金，可以满足各种形状复杂的零部件的成形，避免充型过程产生飞溅而卷入气体和夹杂物。In step 3S, set the die-casting temperature to 200-260°C, the injection speed to be 0.1-0.5 m/s, the injection specific pressure to be 90-110 MPa, the boost pressure to be 165 to 225 MPa, and the pressure holding time to be 5 to 10 s. The microstructure of semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy is composed of spherical and nearly spherical α-Al grains and eutectic phase. This structure is different from the microstructure of traditional die-cast aluminum alloy composed of α-Al dendrites and eutectic phases. The process parameters of solid die casting and the heat treatment process of semi-solid die casting aluminum alloy are also quite different from the traditional die casting process and heat treatment process. The inventor conducted a systematic study on the die-casting process and solution aging process of the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy of the present invention and found that the mold cavity temperature is 200-260°C, the injection speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, and the injection specific pressure is Under the conditions of 90～110MPa, boost pressure of 165～225MPa and pressure holding time of 5～10s, the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry and semi-solid die-casting of aluminum alloy can meet the forming of various complicated parts and avoid filling The type process produces splashes and is involved in gas and inclusions.

步骤4S中，将半固态压铸铝合金在545～550℃固溶处理6～8h，水淬后，在200～205℃时效处理3～5h，随炉冷却后，半固态压铸铝合金可得到期望的强度和塑性，即抗拉强度大于310MPa，屈服强度大于250MPa，伸长率大于8.5％。如果半固态压铸工艺和固溶时效工艺不在上述匹配范围内，半固态压铸铝合金均达不到期望的强度和塑性。In step 4S, the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy is solution treated at 545～550℃ for 6～8h. After water quenching, it is aged at 200～205℃ for 3～5h. After cooling in the furnace, the semi-solid die-cast aluminium alloy can get the desired result. The strength and plasticity, that is, the tensile strength is greater than 310MPa, the yield strength is greater than 250MPa, and the elongation is greater than 8.5%. If the semi-solid die-casting process and the solution aging process are not within the above-mentioned matching range, the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy cannot reach the desired strength and plasticity.

本发明通过优化铝合金制备过程中的半固态浆料制备、压铸成型等工艺步骤，可以获得晶粒平均直径小于60微米、晶粒平均球形度大于0.84的铝合金半固态浆料，进一步提高了铝合金半固态浆料的压铸工艺性能，满足高强度、高韧性、高致密度铝合金零部件的半固态压铸生产需求。By optimizing the semi-solid slurry preparation and die-casting process steps in the aluminum alloy preparation process, the present invention can obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with the average crystal grain diameter less than 60 microns and the average crystal grain sphericity greater than 0.84, which further improves The die-casting process performance of aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry meets the production requirements of semi-solid die-casting of high-strength, high-toughness, and high-density aluminum alloy parts.

本发明中的半固态压铸铝合金与其他半固态铝合金相比有以下优点：1)本发明高性能半固态铝合金由Si、Mg、Mn等元素组成，在优化Si、Mg、Mn主合金元素的基础上，添加Ti元素细化α-Al晶粒，添加Sr元素细化变质共晶Si相，并且控制这些元素以及杂质元素的含量，使其相互配合，最终使的该铝合金具有高强度、良好塑性和优良的半固态压铸工艺性能；2)通过优化铝合金制备过程中的半固态浆料制备、压铸成型等工艺步骤，可以获得晶粒平均直径小于60微米、晶粒平均球形度大于0.84的铝合金半固态浆料，进一步提高了铝合金半固态浆料的压铸工艺性能，满足高强度、高韧性、高致密度铝合金零部件的半固态压铸生产需求；3)本发明的高性能半固态铝合金不用经过T6热处理，同样可以具有强度高和塑性好的显著优点；4)本发明的高性能半固态铝合金，抗拉强度为310～350MPa，屈服强度为250～305MPa，伸长率为8.5～12.9％，巴氏硬度为89～99HBa，适合于半固态挤压压铸工艺制备，满足于汽车、电子电器、高端装备等领域所需的高强度、高韧性、高致密度铝合金零部件。Compared with other semi-solid aluminum alloys, the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy of the present invention has the following advantages: 1) The high-performance semi-solid aluminum alloy of the present invention is composed of elements such as Si, Mg, and Mn, and is optimized for the main alloys of Si, Mg, and Mn. On the basis of the elements, Ti is added to refine the α-Al grains, and Sr is added to refine the metamorphic eutectic Si phase, and the content of these elements and impurity elements is controlled to match each other, and finally the aluminum alloy has a high Strength, good plasticity and excellent semi-solid die-casting process performance; 2) By optimizing the semi-solid slurry preparation and die-casting process steps in the aluminum alloy preparation process, the average crystal grain diameter is less than 60 microns, and the average sphericity of the crystal grains can be obtained. The aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry greater than 0.84 further improves the die casting process performance of the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry, and meets the semi-solid die casting production requirements of high-strength, high-toughness, and high-density aluminum alloy parts; 3) the present invention The high-performance semi-solid aluminum alloy does not need to undergo T6 heat treatment, and can also have the significant advantages of high strength and good plasticity; 4) The high-performance semi-solid aluminum alloy of the present invention has a tensile strength of 310-350 MPa and a yield strength of 250-305 MPa. The elongation rate is 8.5~12.9%, and the Barcol hardness is 89~99HBa. It is suitable for semi-solid extrusion and die-casting process and meets the requirements of high strength, high toughness and high density in the fields of automobiles, electronic appliances, high-end equipment, etc. Aluminum alloy parts.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them.的实施例。 Example. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

实施例1Example 1

高性能半固态压铸铝合金各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 6.00％，Mg 0.15％，Cu 0.05％，Ti 0.01％，Mn 0.10％，Sr 0.01％，Fe≤0.20％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为Al。该高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法包括以下步骤：The content of each component of high-performance semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 6.00%, Mg 0.15%, Cu 0.05%, Ti 0.01%, Mn 0.10%, Sr 0.01%, Fe≤0.20%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is Al. The preparation method of the high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy includes the following steps:

1S配料及熔炼：按上述组分配取原料99.9％的速溶硅、99.95％的镁锭、99.99％的电解铜、99.8％的铝锭、Al-10Ti合金、Al-10Mn合金、Al-10Sr合金，将配取的原料加热熔炼，得铝合金液，其中熔炼温度为760℃；1S batching and smelting: according to the above composition, take the raw materials 99.9% instant silicon, 99.95% magnesium ingot, 99.99% electrolytic copper, 99.8% aluminum ingot, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-10Mn alloy, Al-10Sr alloy, Heating and smelting the prepared raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the smelting temperature is 760°C;

2S半固态浆料制备：将步骤1S所得铝合金液在机械搅拌转速为115转/分钟、搅拌时间为15s条件下制备成温度为600℃的铝合金半固态浆料；2S semi-solid slurry preparation: the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is prepared into an aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 600°C under the conditions of a mechanical stirring speed of 115 rpm and a stirring time of 15 seconds;

3S压铸成型：将步骤2S所得的铝合金半固态浆料在模具型腔温度为200℃、压射速度为0.1m/s、压射比压为110MPa、增压压力为225MPa和保压时间为10s条件下压铸成型，得半固态压铸铝合金；3S Die-casting: Put the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry obtained in step 2S at a mold cavity temperature of 200℃, an injection speed of 0.1m/s, an injection specific pressure of 110MPa, a boost pressure of 225MPa and a holding time of Die-casting under 10s conditions, a semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy is obtained;

4S组合热处理：将步骤3S所得的半固态压铸铝合金在545℃温度下固溶处理8h，水淬后，在205℃温度下时效处理3h，随炉冷却后得高性能半固态压铸铝合金。4S combined heat treatment: the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in step 3S is solution treated at 545°C for 8h, after water quenching, aging treatment at 205°C for 3h, and then cooled in the furnace to obtain a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy.

实施例2Example 2

高性能半固态压铸铝合金各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 13.50％，Mg 1.00％，Cu 0.50％，Ti 0.10％，Mn 1.00％，Sr 0.10％，Fe≤0.2％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为Al。该高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法包括以下步骤：The content of each component of high-performance semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 13.50%, Mg 1.00%, Cu 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Mn 1.00%, Sr 0.10%, Fe≤0.2%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is Al. The preparation method of the high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy includes the following steps:

1S配料及熔炼：按上述组分配取原料99.9％的速溶硅、99.95％的镁锭、99.99％的电解铜、99.8％的铝锭、Al-10Ti合金、Al-10Mn合金、Al-10Sr合金，将配取的原料加热熔炼，得铝合金液，其中熔炼温度为730℃；1S batching and smelting: according to the above composition, take the raw materials 99.9% instant silicon, 99.95% magnesium ingot, 99.99% electrolytic copper, 99.8% aluminum ingot, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-10Mn alloy, Al-10Sr alloy, Heat and smelt the prepared raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, where the smelting temperature is 730°C;

2S半固态浆料制备：采用六氯乙烷将步骤1S所得铝合金液进行精炼除气除渣后，在电磁搅拌频率为45赫兹、电磁搅拌时间为12s条件下将铝合金液制备成温度为580℃的铝合金半固态浆料；2S semi-solid slurry preparation: After refining, degassing and slagging the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S with hexachloroethane, the aluminum alloy liquid is prepared to a temperature of 45 Hz under the conditions of electromagnetic stirring frequency of 45 Hz and electromagnetic stirring time of 12 seconds. Aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry at 580℃;

3S压铸成型：将步骤2S所得的铝合金半固态浆料在模具型腔温度为260℃、压射速度为0.5m/s、压射比压为90MPa、增压压力为165MPa和保压时间为5s条件下压铸成型，得半固态压铸铝合金；3S Die Casting: Put the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry obtained in step 2S at a mold cavity temperature of 260°C, an injection speed of 0.5m/s, an injection specific pressure of 90MPa, a boost pressure of 165MPa and a holding time of Die-casting under 5s conditions to obtain semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy;

4S组合热处理：将步骤3S所得的半固态压铸铝合金在550℃温度下固溶处理6h，水淬后，在200℃温度下时效处理5h，随炉冷却后得高性能半固态压铸铝合金。4S combined heat treatment: the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in step 3S is solution treated at 550°C for 6h, after water quenching, aging treatment at 200°C for 5h, and then cooled in the furnace to obtain a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy.

实施例3Example 3

高性能半固态压铸铝合金各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 7.50％，Mg 0.20％，Cu 0.10％，Ti 0.01％，Mn 0.20％，Sr 0.01％，Fe≤0.20％，杂质元素总和＜0.18，其余为Al。该高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法包括以下步骤：The content of each component of high-performance semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 7.50%, Mg 0.20%, Cu 0.10%, Ti 0.01%, Mn 0.20%, Sr 0.01%, Fe≤0.20%, the sum of impurity elements <0.18, the rest is Al. The preparation method of the high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy includes the following steps:

1S配料及熔炼：按上述组分配取原料99.9％的速溶硅、99.95％的镁锭、99.99％的电解铜、99.8％的铝锭、Al-10Ti合金、Al-10Mn合金、Al-10Sr合金，将配取的原料加热熔炼，得铝合金液，其中熔炼温度为755℃；1S batching and smelting: according to the above composition, take the raw materials 99.9% instant silicon, 99.95% magnesium ingot, 99.99% electrolytic copper, 99.8% aluminum ingot, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-10Mn alloy, Al-10Sr alloy, Heat and smelt the prepared raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid, where the smelting temperature is 755°C;

2S半固态浆料制备：采用六氯乙烷将步骤1S所得铝合金液进行精炼除气除渣后，在超声波振动频率为25赫兹、振动时间为8秒条件下将铝合金液制备成温度为595℃的铝合金半固态浆料；2S semi-solid slurry preparation: After refining, degassing and slagging the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S with hexachloroethane, the aluminum alloy liquid is prepared to a temperature of 25 Hz under the conditions of an ultrasonic vibration frequency of 25 Hz and a vibration time of 8 seconds. Aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry at 595℃;

3S压铸成型：将步骤2S所得的铝合金半固态浆料在模具型腔温度为205℃、压射速度为0.1m/s、压射比压为108MPa、增压压力为220MPa和保压时间为10s条件下压铸成型，得半固态压铸铝合金；3S Die Casting: Put the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry obtained in step 2S at a mold cavity temperature of 205℃, an injection speed of 0.1m/s, an injection specific pressure of 108MPa, a boost pressure of 220MPa and a holding time of Die-casting under 10s conditions, a semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy is obtained;

测试例Test case

(1)力学性能测试：按中华人民共和国国家标准GMN/T16865-2013，将上述实施例1～12的铝合金加工成标准拉伸试样，并在DNS500型电子拉伸试验机上进行室温拉伸力学性能，其中，拉伸速率为2毫米/分钟。(1) Mechanical performance test: According to the national standard of the People’s Republic of China GMN/T16865-2013, the aluminum alloys of the above examples 1-12 are processed into standard tensile specimens, and they are stretched at room temperature on the DNS500 electronic tensile testing machine Mechanical properties, where the stretching rate is 2 mm/min.

(2)晶粒参数测试：在上述实施例1～12的铝合金上取样，试样经磨制、抛光和腐蚀后，在OLYMPUS金相显微镜下对铝合金的显微组织进行观察，采用等积圆直径法分析测量α-Al晶粒的平均直径，采用等效圆度法分析测量α-Al晶粒的平均球形度。(2) Grain parameter test: take samples from the aluminum alloys of the above examples 1-12. After the samples are ground, polished and corroded, observe the microstructure of the aluminum alloy under an OLYMPUS metallurgical microscope. The integrated circle diameter method analyzes and measures the average diameter of α-Al crystal grains, and the equivalent roundness method analyzes and measures the average sphericity of α-Al crystal grains.

实施例1～12的铝合金的力学性能、晶粒参数测试结果如表1所示，其中，性能检测以及晶粒参数测试均已以相同条件相同时间进行表征：The mechanical properties and grain parameter test results of the aluminum alloys of Examples 1-12 are shown in Table 1, wherein the performance test and the grain parameter test have been characterized by the same conditions and the same time:

表1Table 1

续表1Continued Table 1

从上述实施例我们可以看出，本发明通过优化铝合金制备过程中的半固态浆料制备、压铸成型等工艺步骤，可以获得晶粒平均直径小于60微米、晶粒平均球形度大于0.84、抗拉强度大于310MPa、屈服强度大于250MPa、伸长率大于8.5％的半固态铝合金。特别是实施例6、8、9、10和12，通过进一步优化主元素和微量元素的比例取得了更好的效果。From the above examples, we can see that by optimizing the semi-solid slurry preparation and die-casting process steps in the aluminum alloy preparation process in the present invention, the average grain diameter is less than 60 microns, the average sphericity of the crystal grains is greater than 0.84, and the resistance Semi-solid aluminum alloy with tensile strength greater than 310MPa, yield strength greater than 250MPa, and elongation greater than 8.5%. Especially in Examples 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12, better results were achieved by further optimizing the ratio of main elements and trace elements.

最后应说明的是：在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包含一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个…”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。Finally, it should be noted that in this article, the terms "include", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device containing a series of elements not only includes those elements , But also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to this process, method, article, or equipment. If there are no more restrictions, the element defined by the sentence "including a..." does not exclude the existence of other same elements in the process, method, article, or equipment that includes the element.

以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalently replace some of the technical features; and these Modification or replacement does not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

工业实用性Industrial applicability

本发明公开了一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金，包括下述组分，且各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 6.00～13.50％，Mg 0.15～1.00％，Cu 0.05～0.50％，Ti 0.01～0.10％，Mn 0.10～1.00％，Sr 0.01～0.10％，Fe≤0.20％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75-1.50。在优化Si、Mg、Mn主合金元素的基础上，添加Ti元素细化α-Al晶粒，添加Sr元素细化变质共晶Si相，并且控制这些元素以及杂质元素的含量，使其相互配合，最终使的该铝合金具有高强度、良好塑性和优良的半固态压铸工艺性能；通过优化铝合金制备过程中的半固态浆料制备、压铸成型等工艺步骤，可以获得晶粒平均直径小于60微米、晶粒平均球形度大于0.84的铝合金半固态浆料，进一步提高了铝合金半固态浆料的压铸工艺性能，满足高强度、高韧性、高致密度铝合金零部件的半固态压铸生产需求；该铝合金的抗拉强度为310～350MPa，屈服强度为250～305MPa，伸长率为8.5～12.9％，巴氏硬度为89～99HBa，适合于半固态挤压压铸工艺制备，满足于汽车、电子电器、高端装备等领域所需的高强度、高韧性、高致密度铝合金零部件。The present invention discloses a high-performance semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy, which includes the following components, and the content of each component is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 6.00 to 13.50%, Mg 0.15 to 1.00%, Cu 0.05 to 0.50%, Ti 0.01～0.10%, Mn 0.10～1.00%, Sr 0.01～0.10%, Fe≤0.20%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn ranges from 0.75 to 1.50 . On the basis of optimizing the main alloying elements of Si, Mg, Mn, adding Ti element to refine the α-Al grains, adding Sr element to refine the metamorphic eutectic Si phase, and control the content of these elements and impurity elements to make them compatible with each other Finally, the aluminum alloy has high strength, good plasticity and excellent semi-solid die-casting process performance; by optimizing the semi-solid slurry preparation and die-casting process steps in the aluminum alloy preparation process, the average grain diameter of less than 60 can be obtained. The semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry with micron and average sphericity of crystal grains greater than 0.84 further improves the die-casting process performance of the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry and meets the semi-solid die-casting production of high-strength, high-toughness, and high-density aluminum alloy parts Demand; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 310-350MPa, the yield strength is 250-305MPa, the elongation is 8.5-12.9%, and the Barcol hardness is 89-99HBa. It is suitable for preparation by semi-solid extrusion die-casting process and is satisfied High-strength, high-toughness, and high-density aluminum alloy parts required in the fields of automobiles, electronic appliances, and high-end equipment.

Claims

一种高性能半固态压铸铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金包括下述组分，且各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 6.00～13.50％，Mg 0.15～1.00％，Cu 0.05～0.50％，Ti 0.01～0.10％，Mn 0.10～1.00％，Sr 0.01～0.10％，Fe≤0.20％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75～1.50。A high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy, characterized in that the aluminum alloy includes the following components, and the content of each component is expressed in weight percentage as follows: Si 6.00 to 13.50%, Mg 0.15 to 1.00%, Cu 0.05 ～0.50%, Ti 0.01～0.10%, Mn 0.10～1.00%, Sr 0.01～0.10%, Fe≤0.20%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn range It is 0.75 to 1.50.
根据权利要求1所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金包括下述组分，且各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 7.50～12.50％，Mg 0.20～0.80％，Cu 0.10～0.30％，Ti 0.01～0.05％，Mn 0.20～0.80％，Sr 0.01～0.04％，Fe≤0.18％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75-1.50。The high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy includes the following components, and the content of each component is expressed as a weight percentage as follows: Si 7.50-12.50%, Mg 0.20- 0.80%, Cu 0.10～0.30%, Ti 0.01～0.05%, Mn 0.20～0.80%, Sr 0.01～0.04%, Fe≤0.18%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1= The range of Mg/Mn is 0.75-1.50.
根据权利要求1所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金包括下述组分，且各组分的含量以重量百分比表示如下：Si 8.50～10.50％，Mg 0.25～0.65％，Cu 0.15～0.25％，Ti 0.01～0.05％，Mn 0.30～0.60％，Sr 0.01～0.04％，Fe≤0.15％，杂质元素总和＜0.15，其余为铝；并且，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为0.75～1.50。The high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy includes the following components, and the content of each component is expressed as a weight percentage as follows: Si 8.50-10.50%, Mg 0.25- 0.65%, Cu 0.15～0.25%, Ti 0.01～0.05%, Mn 0.30～0.60%, Sr 0.01～0.04%, Fe≤0.15%, the sum of impurity elements <0.15, the rest is aluminum; and the weight percentage ratio C1= The range of Mg/Mn is 0.75 to 1.50.
根据权利要求1-3任一所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金，其特征在于，重量百分比的比值C1＝Mg/Mn的范围为1.00～1.25。The high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight percentage ratio C1=Mg/Mn ranges from 1.00 to 1.25.
根据权利要求1-3任一所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金，其特征在于，重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围为0.50～1.00。The high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight percentage ratio C2=Sr/Ti ranges from 0.50 to 1.00.
根据权利要求5所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金，其特征在于，重量百分比的比值C2＝Sr/Ti的范围为0.75～1.00。The high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the weight percentage ratio C2=Sr/Ti ranges from 0.75 to 1.00.
一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

1S配料及熔炼：按组分配取原料硅源、镁源、铜源、铝源、钛源、锰源，锶源；将配取的原料加热熔炼，得铝合金液，其中熔炼温度为730～760℃；1S batching and smelting: take the raw materials silicon source, magnesium source, copper source, aluminum source, titanium source, manganese source, and strontium source according to the group distribution; heat and smelt the prepared raw materials to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, where the smelting temperature is 730～ 760°C;

2S半固态浆料制备：将步骤1S所得的铝合金液采用机械搅拌、电磁搅拌或超声振动方法制备成温度为580～600℃的铝合金半固态浆料；2S semi-solid slurry preparation: the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is prepared by mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic vibration methods into aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 580 to 600°C;

3S压铸成型：将步骤2S所得的铝合金半固态浆料压铸成型，得半固态压铸铝合金，其中，压铸温度为200～260℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为165～225MPa，保压时间为5～10s；3S die-casting molding: Die-casting the semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry obtained in step 2S to obtain a semi-solid die-casting aluminum alloy, wherein the die-casting temperature is 200-260°C, the injection speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, and the injection specific pressure It is 90～110MPa, the boost pressure is 165～225MPa, and the pressure holding time is 5～10s;

4S组合热处理：将步骤3S所得的半固态压铸铝合金在545～550℃温度下固溶处理6～8h，水淬后，在200～205℃温度下时效处理3～5h，随炉冷却后得高性能铝合金。4S combined heat treatment: the semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in step 3S is solution treated at 545～550℃ for 6～8h, after water quenching, it is aged at 200～205℃ for 3～5h, and it is obtained after cooling in the furnace. High-performance aluminum alloy.
根据权利要求7所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：The preparation method of high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

或2S半固态浆料制备：将步骤1S所得的铝合金液进行精炼除气除渣后，采用机械搅拌方法制备成温度为580～600℃的铝合金半固态浆料；Or 2S semi-solid slurry preparation: After the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in step 1S is refined, degassed and slag removed, a mechanical stirring method is used to prepare an aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with a temperature of 580 to 600°C;

其中，所述硅源为99.9％的速溶硅，所述镁源为99.95％的镁锭，所述铜源为99.99％的电解铜，所述铝源为99.8％的铝锭，所述钛源为Al-10Ti合金，所述锰源为Al-10Mn合金，所述锶源为Al-10Sr合金。Wherein, the silicon source is 99.9% instant silicon, the magnesium source is 99.95% magnesium ingot, the copper source is 99.99% electrolytic copper, the aluminum source is 99.8% aluminum ingot, and the titanium source It is an Al-10Ti alloy, the manganese source is an Al-10Mn alloy, and the strontium source is an Al-10Sr alloy.
根据权利要求7所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤2S中，所述搅拌方法包括机械搅拌、电磁搅拌或超声振动方法，其中，所述机械搅拌方法的搅拌速度为1000～1850转/分钟，搅拌时间为10～18s；所述电磁搅拌方法的搅拌频率为40～50赫兹，搅拌时间为10～15s；所述超声振动方法的振动频率为20～30赫兹，振动时间为5～10s。The method for preparing a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein in step 2S, the stirring method includes a mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic vibration method, wherein the mechanical stirring method is The stirring speed is 1000-1850 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-18s; the stirring frequency of the electromagnetic stirring method is 40-50 Hz, and the stirring time is 10-15s; the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration method is 20-30 Hertz, the vibration time is 5-10s.
根据权利要求7所述的高性能半固态压铸铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤3S中，压铸模温度为220～240℃、压射速度为0.1～0.5m/s、压射比压为90～110MPa、增压压力为180～220MPa，保压时间为8～10s。The method for preparing a high-performance semi-solid die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein in step 3S, the temperature of the die-casting mold is 220-240°C, the injection speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, and the injection ratio The pressure is 90-110MPa, the boost pressure is 180-220MPa, and the pressure holding time is 8-10s.