CN113385854B - Welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
A welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of manufacturing of aluminum alloy welding wires. The welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:10-13%, mn:0.3-0.5%, zr:0.2-0.3%, mo is less than or equal to 0.2%, sr:0.02 to 0.05%, ti:0.05-0.15 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass percent of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total mass percent of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. The preparation method comprises the steps of semi-continuous casting, machining, preheating and extrusion, annealing, wire drawing and welding wire drawing. The welding wire solves the problems of poor internal structure, low joint strength, easy occurrence of air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like in the process of welding die-casting aluminum alloy by adopting the current commercially available welding wire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of aluminum alloy welding wires, in particular to a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The automobile electromotion is a survival strategy generally accepted by the automobile industry at home and abroad, and in the electric automobile, a power battery is one of the most important core technologies, and the usability, reliability and safety of the electric automobile are determined to a certain extent. The safety and manufacturing cost of a battery pack mounting tray (referred to as a battery pack tray for short) for assembling a power battery are increasingly emphasized by automobile (component) manufacturers.
Because light weight is the key development direction of electric automobiles, the battery pack tray is mostly made of aluminum alloy. According to the supply characteristics of aluminum alloy materials, the conventional battery pack tray is generally manufactured by combining aluminum alloy extruded parts. The battery pack tray is composed of a bottom plate with ribs and a frame, wherein the bottom plate is formed by splicing and welding a plurality of aluminum alloy sections by adopting a specific welding process (such as friction stir welding or gas shielded welding), all cross beams on the frame are also aluminum alloy sections, and the cross beams and the bottom plate are connected by adopting a gas shielded welding method. However, the trays have the defects of high assembly welding seam quantity, troublesome welding process, difficult guarantee of the dimensional accuracy and rigidity of products, high production cost and long production period.
The battery pack tray manufactured by adopting the die-casting aluminum alloy integral forming technology can obviously reduce the number of welding lines, and has simple production process and lower cost, thereby possibly becoming a battery pack tray production process for replacing an aluminum alloy extruded part in the future. However, the die-casting aluminum alloy has great difference from the conventional extruded aluminum alloy in alloy components and smelting process, no corresponding die-casting aluminum alloy welding material can be used in the current market, and the design and production of the matching welding material are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding material required in the splicing welding process of Al-Si series die-casting aluminum alloy which can be used as a tray material of a battery pack, such as AlSi9MnMoZr, and particularly relates to a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, so that the problems of poor internal structure, low joint strength, easy occurrence of air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like in the welding process of die-casting aluminum alloy by adopting the current commercially available welding wire are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:10-13%, mn:0.3-0.5%, zr:0.2-0.3%, mo is less than or equal to 0.2%, sr:0.02 to 0.05%, ti:0.05-0.15 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass percent of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total mass percent of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. The high Si content can increase the fluidity of a molten pool, the addition of trace rare earth element Sr can achieve the effects of improving the structure, refining grains and improving the plasticity, the addition of a proper amount of Mn and Zr can improve the strength of a welding seam, and the contents of elements such as Fe, cu, mg, zn and the like are strictly controlled in order to avoid easy welding seam embrittlement and molten pool hot cracking of die-cast aluminum alloy.
The diameter of the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy is 1.2mm-4.0mm.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: semi-continuous casting
(1) Proportioning according to a formula of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, sequentially adding pure Al, al-Si intermediate alloy, al-Zr intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-Mn intermediate alloy, and carrying out smelting, refining and vacuum degassing treatment to obtain partially smelted molten metal;
adding an A1-Sr intermediate alloy and an A1-Mo intermediate alloy into the molten metal after partial smelting in sequence for smelting to obtain molten metal after complete smelting;
(2) Uniformly stirring the completely smelted molten metal, and then performing semi-continuous casting to obtain an ingot;
step 2: machining machine
Cutting the ingot obtained in the step 1 into castings with the length of 400-600mm, and removing surface oxide skin to obtain machined castings;
and step 3: preheating and extrusion
Heating the machined casting to 400-430 ℃ for preheating to obtain a preheated casting;
extruding the preheated casting into a wire;
and 4, step 4: annealing and wire drawing
Annealing and stretching a wire rod with the diameter of 12mm to obtain a wire rod with the diameter of 5mm-6 mm;
and 5: wire drawing
And (3) drawing the wire rod with the diameter of 5-6 mm for multiple times, sizing, scraping and cleaning the welding wire to obtain the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy with the diameter of 1.2-4.0 mm.
Further, in the step 1 (1), the crucible smelting furnace is adopted as the smelting equipment; the smelting temperature is 730-750 ℃, and the total smelting time is 5-6 h.
In step 1 (1), the vacuum degassing treatment time is preferably 10 to 20min.
In step 1 (1), the Al-Si master alloy is preferably an Al-5Si master alloy, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is preferably Al-5Zr intermediate alloy, the Al-Ti intermediate alloy is preferably Al-5Ti intermediate alloy, the Al-Mn master alloy is preferably Al-5Mn master alloy, the A1-Sr master alloy is preferably Al-10Sr master alloy, and the A1-Mo master alloy is preferably Al-5Mo master alloy.
In the step (2) of the step 1, the casting temperature of the semi-continuous casting is 730-750 ℃, the casting speed is 70-75 mm/min, the cooling water strength is 0.06-0.1 MPa, and the cooling water temperature is 0-25 ℃.
In the step (2) of the step 1, in the semi-continuous casting process, intermittent stirring is adopted until the casting is finished, the stirring speed of the intermittent stirring is 150-250 rpm, the intermittent time is 2-3 min, and the stirring time for each time is 4-6 min.
In step 1 (2), the ingot preferably has a diameter of 162 to 165mm.
In the step 3, the preheating time is 1h-2h.
In the step 3, the extrusion temperature is 405-425 ℃.
In the step 3, the diameter of the wire rod is preferably 12mm.
In the step 4, the annealing temperature is 380-390 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 h.
In the step 4, the stretching is multi-pass stretching, the multi-pass stretching is preferably 5-6-pass stretching, and intermediate annealing is further arranged in the stretching process. The intermediate annealing temperature is 380-390 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 h.
In the step 5, the multi-pass drawing is preferably performed by 3-5 passes.
The application of the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy is to use the welding wire for welding the die-casting aluminum alloy plate, the welding method is MIG or TIG, and the welding deposited metal strength of the obtained welding material is 260MPa-300MPa.
The welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, through reasonable proportioning of alloy components, a small amount of rare earth elements and partial trace elements are added while the content of Si is further improved, the content of impurity elements such as Fe and Cu is strictly controlled, and processes such as drawing and reducing are carried out by matching with intermediate annealing, so that the welding wire has uniform structure and no coarse grains, and the stability of the final welding performance of the welding wire is ensured.
2. The invention is suitable for MIG or TIG welding of die-casting aluminum alloy plates. When the die-casting aluminum alloy material is welded by adopting the method, the strength of a welding joint can reach more than 200MPa, the pores of a welding seam are obviously reduced, the hot cracking phenomenon of the welding seam basically disappears, and the comprehensive performance is excellent. The method solves the problems of the welding seam hot crack, the large number of air holes and the like caused by adopting the common aluminum-silicon welding wire to weld the die-casting aluminum alloy, and has wide prospect in the field of welding and manufacturing the die-casting aluminum alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the weld surface of a die-cast aluminum alloy welding wire used in example 1 of the present invention after welding.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the weld surface after welding with a conventional welding wire in a comparative example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The following examples, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and materials used are commercially available.
Example 1:
a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:11.2%, mn:0.35%, zr:0.21%, mo:0.05%, sr:0.03%, ti:0.05%, fe:0.12%, cu:0.01 percent, and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: semi-continuous casting
(1) The preparation method comprises the steps of proportioning according to a formula of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, sequentially adding pure Al, al-5Si intermediate alloy, al-5Zr intermediate alloy, al-5Ti intermediate alloy and Al-5Mn intermediate alloy, and smelting for 5 hours at the temperature of 740 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Smelting, refining and vacuum degassing treatment to obtain partially smelted molten metal; wherein the vacuum treatment time is l0min;
adding the rest raw materials into the molten metal after partial melting after vacuum treatment in sequence for melting for 1h to obtain molten metal after complete melting;
the residual raw materials comprise A1-10Sr intermediate alloy and A1-5Mo intermediate alloy;
(2) Stirring the molten metal after complete smelting, performing semi-continuous casting on the stirred melt, wherein intermittent stirring is adopted in the casting process, and the casting is completed at the casting temperature of 740 ℃, the casting speed of 72mm/min, the cooling water strength of 0.08MPa and the cooling water temperature of 22 ℃; the stirring rate of the batch stirring was 200rpm, the batch time was 2min, and each stirring time was 4min.
Step 2: machining machine
Cutting the ingot obtained in the step 1 into a casting with the length of 500mm, and then turning to remove surface oxide skin to obtain a machined casting;
and step 3: preheating and extrusion
(1) Putting the machined cast ingot obtained in the step 2 into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 415 ℃, and preheating for 1h to obtain a preheated casting;
(2) Extruding the preheated cast ingot to a wire rod with the diameter of 12mm by a special aluminum alloy wire rod die, wherein the extrusion temperature is 405 ℃;
and 4, step 4: annealing and wire drawing
(1) Annealing the wire rod with the diameter of 12mm obtained in the step 3, wherein the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5h;
(2) Stretching the annealed wire rod for 6 times to finally obtain a wire rod with the diameter of 5.5 mm;
(3) In the multi-pass stretching process, corresponding intermediate annealing is also set, the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 1h; and 5: wire drawing
(1) Sizing and scraping: passing the welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm after being drawn for many times through a sizing die, wherein the tolerance is +/-0.001 mm; the sized aluminum alloy welding wire passes through a hang-cutting die, the tolerance is +/-0.001 mm, and the scraping speed is 3m/s;
(2) Cleaning: carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the scraped aluminum alloy welding wire through an ultrasonic water tank;
(3) Surface treatment and packaging: the welding wire finished product is packaged by adopting vacuum plastic packaging through three surface treatment processes of acid washing, surface polishing and passivation.
The welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is used for welding the AlSi9MnMoZr die-casting aluminum alloy with the thickness of 3.6mm, the welding process is MIG welding, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, the welding current is 80A, the strength of a welding joint can reach 210MPa and exceeds 90% of the strength of a base metal, a heat affected zone of a welding seam is small, no welding crack exists, the air hole phenomenon basically disappears, the surface appearance of the welding seam is shown in figure 1, and the welding seam is high in strength and free of defects.
Example 2:
a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:11.5%, mn:0.4%, zr:0.2%, mo:0.1%, sr:0.05%, ti:0.1%, fe:0.11%, cu:0.02 percent and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: semi-continuous casting
(1) The preparation method comprises the steps of proportioning according to a formula of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, sequentially adding pure Al, al-5Si intermediate alloy, al-5Zr intermediate alloy, al-5Ti intermediate alloy and Al-5Mn intermediate alloy, and smelting for 5.5 hours at the temperature of 740 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Smelting, refining and vacuum degassing treatment to obtain partially smelted molten metal; wherein the vacuum treatment time is l5min;
adding the rest raw materials into the molten metal after partial melting after vacuum treatment in sequence for melting for 1h to obtain molten metal after complete melting;
the residual raw materials comprise A1-10Sr intermediate alloy and A1-5Mo intermediate alloy;
(2) Stirring the molten metal after complete smelting, performing semi-continuous casting on the stirred melt, wherein intermittent stirring is adopted in the casting process, and the casting is completed at the casting temperature of 740 ℃, the casting speed of 72mm/min, the cooling water strength of 0.08MPa and the cooling water temperature of 20 ℃; the stirring speed of the batch stirring was 180rpm, the batch time was 3min, and the stirring time was 6min each time.
Step 2: machining machine
Cutting the cast ingot obtained in the step 1 into a casting with the length of 500mm, and then turning to remove surface oxide skin to obtain a machined casting;
and 3, step 3: preheating and extrusion
(1) Putting the machined cast ingot obtained in the step 2 into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 415 ℃, and preheating for 1.5h to obtain a preheated casting;
(2) Extruding the preheated cast ingot to a wire rod with the diameter of 12mm by a special aluminum alloy wire rod die, wherein the extrusion temperature is 405 ℃;
and 4, step 4: annealing and wire drawing
(1) Annealing the wire rod with the diameter of 12mm obtained in the step 3, wherein the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 1.5h;
(2) Stretching the annealed wire rod for 6 times to finally obtain a wire rod with the diameter of 5.5 mm;
(3) In the multi-pass stretching process, corresponding intermediate annealing is also set, the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 1h;
and 5: wire drawing
(1) Sizing and scraping: the welding wire with the diameter of 3.0mm after being drawn for many times passes through a sizing die, and the tolerance is +/-0.001 mm; the sized aluminum alloy welding wire passes through a hang-cutting die, the tolerance is +/-0.001 mm, and the scraping speed is 3m/s;
(2) Cleaning: carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the scraped aluminum alloy welding wire through an ultrasonic water tank;
(3) Surface treatment and packaging: the welding wire finished product is packaged by adopting a vacuum plastic package through three surface treatment processes of acid washing, surface polishing and passivation.
The welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is used for welding AlSi9MnMoZr die-casting aluminum alloy with the thickness of 3.6mm, the welding process is TIG welding, the diameter of the welding wire is 3.0mm, the welding current is 130A, the strength of a welding joint can reach 190MPa and exceeds 82% of the strength of a base metal, a heat affected zone of a welding seam is small, welding cracks do not exist, and the air hole phenomenon basically disappears.
Example 3
A welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:12.5%, mn:0.5%, zr:0.3%, mo:0.1%, sr:0.02%, ti:0.15%, fe:0.15%, cu:0.02%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The maximum value of single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
A preparation method of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: semi-continuous casting
(1) Proportioning according to a formula of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, sequentially adding pure Al, al-5Si intermediate alloy, al-5Zr intermediate alloy, al-5Ti intermediate alloy and Al-5Mn intermediate alloy, smelting for 3 hours at the temperature of 740 ℃, and carrying out refining and vacuum degassing treatment for 10min to obtain partially smelted molten metal;
adding the rest raw materials into the molten metal after partial melting after vacuum treatment in sequence, and melting to obtain molten metal after complete melting;
the residual raw materials comprise A1-10Sr intermediate alloy and A1-5Mo intermediate alloy;
(2) Stirring the molten metal after complete smelting, and performing semi-continuous casting on the stirred melt, wherein intermittent stirring is adopted in the casting process until casting is completed; casting into an ingot with the diameter of 164mm under the conditions that the casting temperature is 740 ℃, the casting speed is 72mm/min, the cooling water strength is 0.08MPa and the cooling water temperature is normal temperature;
and 2, step: machining machine
Cutting the cast ingot obtained in the step 1 into a casting with the length of 400mm, and then turning to remove surface oxide skin to obtain a machined casting;
and step 3: preheating and extrusion
(1) Putting the machined cast ingot obtained in the step 2 into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 400 ℃, and preheating for 2 hours to obtain a preheated casting;
(2) Extruding the preheated cast ingot to a wire rod with the diameter of 12mm through a special aluminum alloy wire rod die; the extrusion temperature is 415 ℃;
and 4, step 4: annealing and wire drawing
(1) Annealing the wire rod with the diameter of 12mm obtained in the step 3, wherein the annealing temperature is 390 ℃, and the annealing time is 1h;
(2) Stretching the annealed wire rod for multiple passes, namely 6 passes in the embodiment, and finally obtaining the wire rod with the diameter of 6 mm;
(3) In the multi-pass stretching process, corresponding intermediate annealing is also needed, the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 1h;
and 5: drawing of welding wire
And drawing the wire rod with the diameter of 6mm for 3 times, scraping and cleaning the welding wire to obtain the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy with the diameter of 3.0 mm.
Comparative example 1
The same die-casting aluminum alloy material is welded by adopting a common welding wire purchased in the market, the appearance of the obtained welding line is shown in figure 2, and the obvious air hole defect can be found.
The common welding wire is SAl4043. It is shown that the gas in the molten metal cannot be fully discharged because the fluidity of the weld pool is weak due to the low Si content.
Comparative example No. two
A welding wire for aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in comparison with example 1, fe:0.8%, cu:0.3 percent, the welding wire with the composition is adopted to weld the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the welding heat cracks are more. It is shown that if the contents of Fe and Cu in the welding wire are too much, the welding metallurgical process of the die-casting aluminum alloy is affected, and the welding pool is easy to generate hot cracks.
Claims (5)
1. The welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:11.2-13%, mn:0.3-0.5%, zr:0.21-0.3%, mo:0.05 to 0.2%, sr:0.03-0.05%, ti:0.05-0.15 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass percent of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total mass percent of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent;
the diameter of the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy is 1.2mm-4.0mm;
the preparation method of the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: semi-continuous casting
(1) Proportioning according to a formula of a welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy, sequentially adding pure Al, al-Si intermediate alloy, al-Zr intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-Mn intermediate alloy, and carrying out smelting, refining and vacuum degassing treatment to obtain partially smelted molten metal;
adding an A1-Sr intermediate alloy and an A1-Mo intermediate alloy into the molten metal after partial smelting in sequence for smelting to obtain completely smelted molten metal;
(2) Uniformly stirring the completely smelted molten metal, and then performing semi-continuous casting to obtain an ingot; in the semi-continuous casting process, intermittent stirring is adopted until casting is finished, the stirring speed of the intermittent stirring is 150-250 rpm, the intermittent time is 2-3 min, and each stirring time is 4-6 min;
step 2: machining machine
Cutting the ingot obtained in the step 1 into castings with the length of 400-600mm, and removing surface oxide skin to obtain machined castings;
and step 3: preheating and extrusion
Heating the machined casting to 400-430 ℃ and preheating for 1-2 h to obtain a preheated casting;
extruding the preheated casting into a wire at 405-425 ℃;
and 4, step 4: annealing and wire drawing
Annealing a wire rod with the diameter of 12mm at the temperature of 380-390 ℃ for 1-2 h; annealing and stretching to obtain a wire rod with the diameter of 5mm-6 mm;
and 5: wire drawing
And (3) drawing the wire rod with the diameter of 5-6 mm for multiple times, sizing, scraping and cleaning the welding wire to obtain the welding wire for the die-casting aluminum alloy with the diameter of 1.2-4.0 mm.
2. The welding wire for die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 1 (1), the melting is performed using a crucible melting furnace; the smelting temperature is 730-750 ℃, and the total smelting time is 5-6 h.
3. The die cast aluminum alloy welding wire as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 1 (1), the vacuum degassing treatment time is from 10min to 20min.
4. The welding wire for die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 1 (2), the casting temperature of the semi-continuous casting is 730 to 750 ℃, the casting speed is 70 to 75mm/min, the cooling water strength is 0.06 to 0.1MPa, and the cooling water temperature is 0 to 25 ℃.
5. The use of the welding wire for die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the welding wire is used for welding a die-cast aluminum alloy plate by MIG or TIG, and the strength of the obtained weld deposit metal is 260MPa to 300MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110629191.8A CN113385854B (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-07 | Welding wire for die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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