WO2021077271A1 - 充电方法、电子装置以及存储介质 - Google Patents

充电方法、电子装置以及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021077271A1
WO2021077271A1 PCT/CN2019/112384 CN2019112384W WO2021077271A1 WO 2021077271 A1 WO2021077271 A1 WO 2021077271A1 CN 2019112384 W CN2019112384 W CN 2019112384W WO 2021077271 A1 WO2021077271 A1 WO 2021077271A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
charge
soc
voltage
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PCT/CN2019/112384
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
关婷
朱珊
吴飞
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宁德新能源科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/112384 priority Critical patent/WO2021077271A1/zh
Priority to CN201980020624.0A priority patent/CN112272908B/zh
Priority to EP19946240.9A priority patent/EP3859870A4/en
Priority to US17/033,835 priority patent/US20210119461A1/en
Publication of WO2021077271A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021077271A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery charging method, electronic device and storage medium.
  • the charging method commonly used on lithium batteries is to continuously charge the lithium-ion battery to a certain voltage (which can be understood as the charging limit voltage) through a preset constant current, and then charge the lithium-ion battery at a constant voltage with this voltage to full Full state.
  • a certain voltage which can be understood as the charging limit voltage
  • the impedance of the battery increases, which will shorten the time of constant current charging of the battery and extend the time of constant voltage charging, resulting in the total charging time of the battery Getting longer and longer.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery charging method, and the charging method includes:
  • the battery In the m-th charge-discharge cycle, the battery is charged with a constant current with a charge current I m , where m is any two or more integers among 1, 2, 3,..., x; the battery is charged in any charge-discharge cycle in a first stage constant current charging when the state of charge SOC 1 0 off the same to a standard state of charge the SOC; wherein, SOC b ⁇ SOC 0 ⁇ SOC a + k, SOC a battery is charged in the n-th
  • SOC b is the state of charge or preset value of the battery at the end of the constant current charging phase of the m-1th charge and discharge cycle
  • m is an integer greater than n+1, 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 10%
  • the SOC a and SOC b can also be obtained in the following manner: SOC a is the charge of another battery that is the same as the battery at the end of the constant current charging phase in the nth charge and discharge cycle. State of charge; SOC b is the state of charge of another battery that is the same as the battery at the end of the constant current charging phase in the m-1th charge and discharge cycle.
  • the SOC a and SOC b may also be obtained in the following manner: the SOC a is the battery or another battery that is the same as the battery at a constant rate during the nth charge and discharge cycle.
  • the state of charge when U cl is charged to U cl, U cl is the charge limit voltage of the battery or the other battery;
  • the SOC b is the battery or another battery that is the same as the battery in the m th -1
  • the charging method further includes: in the m-th charge-discharge cycle, the state of charge of the battery before charging is defined as a second state of charge SOC 2 ;
  • the charging method further includes: obtaining a second charging voltage U 2 when the battery is charged to the standard state of charge SOC o in the m-th charge and discharge cycle; and obtaining the battery Comparing the second charging voltage U 2 with the charging limit voltage U cl ; and charging the battery according to the comparison result.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes: a battery; a processor; the processor loads and executes the charging method as described above to manage the charging of the battery.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium on which at least one computer instruction is stored, and the computer instruction is loaded by a processor and used to execute the battery charging method described above.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses the standard state of charge to stop the constant current charging phase of the battery after the mth charge and discharge cycle, which can extend the constant current charging time of the battery, thereby shortening the full charge time of the battery, and It also ensures that the battery will not be overcharged.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a step S21 of the charging method described in Fig. 2 of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Constant voltage charging module 105 Constant voltage charging module 105
  • the charging system 10 runs in the electronic device 100.
  • the electronic device 100 includes, but is not limited to, at least one processor 11 and a battery 13.
  • the above-mentioned components may be connected via a bus or directly.
  • FIG. 1 is only an example of the electronic device 100.
  • the electronic device 100 may also include more or fewer elements, or have different element configurations.
  • the electronic device 100 may be an electric motorcycle, an electric bicycle, an electric car, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a digital assistant, a personal computer, or any other suitable rechargeable equipment.
  • the battery 13 is a rechargeable battery for providing electrical energy to the electronic device 100.
  • the battery 13 may be a lead-acid battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, and the like.
  • the battery 13 is logically connected to the processor 11 through the charging system 10, so that the charging system 10 realizes functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management.
  • the battery 13 includes a battery cell (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method may include the following steps:
  • Step S21 In the m-th charge and discharge cycle, charge the battery with a constant current with a charge current, where m is any two or more integers among 1, 2, 3,..., x, and the battery 13 is charged at any one time.
  • the first state of charge at the end of the constant current charging phase in the discharge cycle is the same as a standard state of charge.
  • the charging system 10 is a charging current I m of constant current charge of the battery 13.
  • the state of charge refers to the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery to the full charge capacity of the battery.
  • m is any two or more integers among 1, 2, 3,..., x, which refers to the first state of charge and a standard charge of the battery when the constant current charging phase is cut off during at least two charge-discharge cycles.
  • the electrical state is the same.
  • the first state of charge is denoted as SOC 1
  • the standard state of charge is denoted as SOC 0 .
  • the standard state of charge SOC 0 may change with the number of cycles, that is, the first state of charge SOC 1 in each charge and discharge cycle corresponds to a different SOC 0 .
  • the standard state of charge SOC 0 may be a parameter obtained through actual testing or a parameter obtained directly from a battery after cyclic charging and discharging, or a preset value may be used.
  • SOC b ⁇ SOC 0 ⁇ SOC a +k, 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 10%, and SOC a +k ⁇ 100%.
  • the SOC a is the state of charge or a preset value of the battery 13 at the end of the constant current charging phase in the nth charge and discharge cycle, where n is an integer greater than or equal to zero.
  • the SOC b is the state of charge or the preset value of the battery 13 when the constant current charging phase is cut off in the m-1th charge and discharge cycle, where m is an integer greater than n+1.
  • the SOC a and the SOC b may also be obtained in the following manner: the SOC a is another battery (for example, a battery of the same model) that is the same as the battery 13 during the nth charge and discharge The state of charge at the end of the constant current charging phase in the cycle.
  • the SOC a is another battery (for example, a battery of the same model) that is the same as the battery 13 during the nth charge and discharge The state of charge at the end of the constant current charging phase in the cycle.
  • the SOC b is the state of charge of another battery that is the same as the battery 13 (for example, a battery of the same model) at the end of the constant current charging phase in the m-1th charge and discharge cycle.
  • the SOC a and the SOC b can also be obtained in the following manner: the SOC a is that the battery 13 or another battery that is the same as the battery 13 in the nth charge and discharge cycle It is the state of charge when it is charged to U cl with a constant current.
  • the SOC b is the charge when the battery 13 or another battery that is the same as the battery 13 is charged to the U cl with a constant current in the m-1th charge and discharge cycle status.
  • U cl is the charge limit voltage of the battery 13 or the other battery (such as the charge limit voltage described in the background art, or the charge limit voltage written on the battery product information).
  • the charging process may comprise the following steps:
  • Step S211 Obtain the actual capacity of the battery 13 in each charge and discharge cycle.
  • the actual capacity of the battery 13 in each charge and discharge cycle is the true battery capacity of the battery 13 in the corresponding charge and discharge cycle, that is, the battery 13 will be
  • the battery 13 is discharged from the fully charged state to the maximum capacity of the fully discharged state, and the discharge capacity can be measured by a fuel gauge.
  • the fully discharged state is that after the battery is discharged, the power in the battery is zero.
  • the fully discharged state may be that the battery is discharged to a preset power level or a preset voltage.
  • the charging system 10 obtains the actual capacity of the battery 13 in each charge and discharge cycle, and records the temperature and rate of the battery, etc., according to the known correspondence between different temperatures and different rates of capacity, the battery The actual capacity of the battery 13 is converted and calculated, and then the actual charging temperature of the battery 13 and the maximum capacity at the charging rate are obtained. This maximum capacity is the actual capacity mentioned above.
  • the actual capacity of the battery 13 changes with the increase in the use time of the battery 13 or the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the actual capacity of the battery has a direct relationship with the aging of the battery cell.
  • the charging system 10 can obtain the actual capacity of the battery 13 in each charge and discharge cycle.
  • Step S212 In the m-th charge and discharge cycle, obtain the second state of charge SOC 2 of the battery before charging.
  • the charging system 10 in the m-th charge and discharge cycle, is also used to obtain the state of charge and temperature of the battery 13 before charging.
  • the state of charge of the battery 13 before charging is defined as the second state of charge SOC 2 .
  • Step S213 Determine whether the second state of charge SOC 2 is less than the standard state of charge SOC 0 . If the second state of charge SOC 2 is less than the standard state of charge SOC 0 , go to step S215, otherwise go to step S214.
  • the charging system 10 of an embodiment of the present application will compare the standard state of charge SOC 0 and the second state of charge SOC 2 at the same temperature. For example, the charging system 10 obtains the second state of charge SOC 2 of the battery 13 at the end of the m-th charge and discharge cycle and the ambient temperature of the battery 13 before the charging process, and then compares the second state of charge with the ambient temperature. The corresponding standard state of charge is compared.
  • Step S214 Use the first charging voltage U 1 to charge the battery at a constant voltage.
  • the first charging voltage U 1 is the charging voltage of the battery 13 in the constant voltage charging stage before the m-th charging and discharging cycle, or U 1 is a preset voltage. That is, in the m-th charge-discharge cycle, the charging voltage of the battery 13 during the constant-voltage charging phase in any charge-discharge cycle before the m-th charge-discharge cycle may be used to charge the battery at a constant voltage.
  • the charging system 10 obtains the first charging voltage of the battery 13 in the constant voltage charging stage before the m-th charge-discharge cycle at the same temperature. In the m-th charging and discharging cycle, the charging system 10 charges the battery 13 at a constant voltage according to the first charging voltage and the total charging capacity. Wherein, the total charging capacity of the battery 13 is the first charging capacity.
  • the first charging capacity is denoted as Q 1 , then Q 1 satisfies the following formula:
  • SOC 2 is the second state of charge
  • Q is the current actual capacity of the battery 13.
  • the following Q can all refer to this meaning. It can be seen that when the second state of charge SOC 2 is greater than or equal to the standard state of charge SOC 0 , the charging system 10 uses the first charging voltage U 1 to charge the battery 13 at a constant voltage. The charging capacity at this stage is the first charging capacity Q 1 to ensure that the battery 13 is not overcharged.
  • Step S215 the charging current I m to the constant current charge to the battery state of charge a standard SOC 0.
  • the charging system 10 will charge the battery at a constant current with the charging current I m to the standard state of charge SOC 0 .
  • the charging capacity of the battery 13 in step S215 is the second charging capacity.
  • the second charging capacity is denoted as Q 2
  • the second charging capacity Q 2 satisfies the following formula:
  • the charging capacity at this stage is the second charging capacity Q 2 .
  • due to impedance of the battery may decrease and increase as the number of cycles increases, may appear to the standard state of charge of the battery charged to the m-th charge-discharge cycles SOC 0
  • the second charging voltage U 2 is less than the charging limit voltage U cl , at this time, in order to further shorten the full charge time of the battery, it is necessary to compare the magnitude of the second charging voltage U 2 and U cl to determine the following
  • the charging method is the following steps S22 to S26.
  • Step S22 Obtain the charging limit voltage U cl of the battery 13 and the second charging voltage U 2 when the battery 13 is charged to the standard state of charge SOC 0 in the m-th charge and discharge cycle.
  • the charging system 10 will obtain the charging limit voltage U cl of the battery 13 (which can be understood as the charging limit voltage described in the background art) and the battery 13 in the m-th charge and discharge cycle The second charging voltage U 2 when it is charged to the standard state of charge SOC 0 (as in step S215).
  • Step S23 Determine whether the second charging voltage U 2 is greater than or equal to the charging limit voltage U cl . If the second charging voltage U 2 is greater than or equal to the charging limit voltage U cl , go to step S24, otherwise go to step S25 and step S26.
  • the charging system 10 compares the second charging voltage U 2 with the charging limit voltage U cl , and charges the battery 13 according to the comparison result.
  • Step S24 Perform constant voltage charging on the battery 13 with the second charging voltage to a third charging capacity.
  • the charging system 10 uses the second charging voltage U 2 to charge the battery 13 at a constant voltage to a third charging capacity, where the third charging capacity is the battery 13 in steps S215 and The total charging capacity in step S24.
  • the third charging capacity is denoted as Q 3
  • the third charging capacity Q 3 satisfies the following formula:
  • Step S25 the charging current I m to the battery 13 to the constant current charge charging limit voltage U cl.
  • the charging system 10 when the second charging voltage U 2 of the battery 13 in the constant current charging phase is less than the charging limit voltage U cl of the battery 13, the charging system 10 will use the charging current Im The battery 13 is charged with a constant current until the charging voltage of the battery 13 in the constant current charging stage reaches the charging limit voltage U cl .
  • Step S26 charge the battery 13 at a constant voltage with the charge limit voltage U cl to the fourth charge capacity Q 4 of the battery 13.
  • the fourth charging capacity Q 4 satisfies the following formula:
  • the charging system 10 when the charging voltage of the battery 13 in the constant current charging phase reaches the charging limit voltage U cl , the charging system 10 will perform the charging on the battery 13 with the charging limit voltage U cl. constant voltage charging, and the charging current I m in order to charge the battery 13 to the constant current charging limit voltage U cl and limiting the charging voltage U cl constant-voltage charging phase of the total charge capacity (i.e. step S215, the step The sum of the charging capacity of S25 and step S26) is the fourth charging capacity Q 4 , so as to ensure that the charging rate of the battery 13 is maximized and the battery is not overcharged.
  • the battery system used in each comparative example and each embodiment of this application uses LiCoO 2 as the cathode, graphite as the anode, plus a diaphragm, electrolyte and packaging shell, through mixing, coating, assembling, forming and aging processes production.
  • Part of the battery cores add a reference electrode between the cathode and anode pole pieces during the winding process to make a three-electrode battery to test the cathode and anode potential difference during the comparative charging process.
  • the comparative examples and embodiments of this application can also use batteries of other chemical systems, that is, using other materials as cathode materials, such as lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials, etc. This is limited.
  • the charging limit voltage of the battery in each comparative example and each embodiment of the present application is 4.45V as an example.
  • the charging method of the present application can be applied to batteries of various voltage systems, and is not limited to the 4.45V system.
  • the battery cells used in the system were charged with constant current and constant voltage using the charging method in the prior art of the comparative example and the charging method embodiments of the present application were used to perform cycle performance tests to compare their charging speeds.
  • Comparative Example 1 discloses a specific implementation process of using fresh batteries to perform the charging method of the prior art (that is, the constant current charging stage is cut off at a fixed voltage).
  • Step 1 Use a constant current of 1.5C to charge the battery until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.45V (can be understood as the charging limit voltage);
  • Step 2 Continue to use a constant voltage of 4.45V to charge the battery until the battery current reaches the cut-off current 0.05C;
  • Step 3 Leave the battery for 5 minutes
  • Step 4 Use a constant current of 1.0C to discharge the battery until the battery voltage is 3.0V;
  • Step 5 Then let the battery stand for 5 minutes;
  • Step 6 Repeat the above 5 steps for 500 cycles.
  • the specific embodiments 1 to 2 stated below are for charging the battery using the charging method in the embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that specific examples 1 to 2 disclose that fresh batteries are used to obtain the corresponding charging parameters, and the ambient temperature during the charging process is the same as that of Comparative Example 1 and remains unchanged.
  • the fresh battery refers to a battery that has not been used before leaving the factory, or a battery whose number of charge and discharge cycles after leaving the factory is less than a preset number (such as 10 times, or other times).
  • Step 1 Use a constant current of 1.0C to discharge the battery until the battery voltage is 3.0V;
  • Step 2 Leave the battery to stand for 5 minutes
  • Step 3 Use a constant current of 1.5C to charge the battery until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.45V (can be understood as the charging limit voltage);
  • Step 4 Continue to charge the battery with a constant voltage of 4.45V until the battery current reaches the cut-off current of 0.05C;
  • the SOC at the cut-off of constant current charging in step 3 is calculated to be 70.6%, and the value of SOC 0 is 70.6%.
  • Step 1 Obtain the actual capacity Q of the battery
  • Step 2 Use a constant current of 1.5C to charge the battery until the state of charge SOC 1 is 70.6% when the battery is cut off during the constant current charging phase;
  • Step 3 Obtain the cut-off voltage U 2 (ie, the second charging voltage) of the constant current charging stage in Step 2, and charge the battery at a constant voltage with U 2 to the actual capacity Q of the battery;
  • Step 4 Let the battery stand for 5 minutes
  • Step 5 Use a constant current of 1.0C to discharge the battery until the battery voltage is 3.0V;
  • Step 6 Obtain the discharge capacity in Step 5 to obtain the actual capacity Q of the battery
  • Step 7 Repeat the above steps 2 to 6 for 500 cycles.
  • the SOC 0 parameter acquisition process is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the SOC at the cut-off of constant current charging is obtained as 70.6%, the difference is that the SOC 0 is 71%.
  • Comparative Example 2 discloses a specific implementation process of the charging method in the prior art using a battery that has been cycled 100 times.
  • the charging process is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that a battery that has been cycled 100 times is used to perform the charging process of Comparative Example 1.
  • Embodiments 3 to 5 disclose the specific implementation process of the charging method described in this application using a battery that has been cycled 100 times.
  • the third embodiment discloses the use of fresh batteries to obtain the corresponding charging parameters.
  • the SOC 0 parameter acquisition process is the same as that of Example 1.
  • the SOC when the constant current charging of the battery is cut off is 70.6%, and the SOC 0 takes a value of 70.6%.
  • the charging process is the same as in Example 1, except that a battery that has been cycled 100 times is used for charging.
  • the fourth embodiment discloses the use of fresh batteries to obtain the corresponding charging parameters.
  • the SOC 0 parameter acquisition process is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the SOC (that is, 70.6%) when the constant current charging is cut off is obtained, but the SOC 1 is 71%.
  • the sixth embodiment discloses that a battery that has been cycled 100 times is used to obtain the corresponding charging parameters.
  • the parameter acquisition process of SOC 0 is the same as that of Example 1, except that a battery that has been cycled 100 times is used to obtain the parameter SOC 0.
  • the SOC of the battery at the end of constant current charging is 68.7%, and the value of SOC 0 is 68.7. %.
  • Table 1 The cut-off conditions of the constant current stage and the charging time of each stage of each comparative example and each embodiment
  • the embodiment of the present application uses the standard state of charge to stop the constant current charging phase of the battery in the mth charge and discharge cycle, which can extend the time of constant current charging and shorten the time of constant voltage charging. Therefore, the full charging time of the battery can be shortened, and the full charging time is shorter than the time required by the charging method in the prior art.
  • the charging system 10 may be divided into one or more modules, and the one or more modules may be stored in the processor 11 and used by the processor 11 Perform the charging method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the one or more modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of completing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the charging system 10 in the electronic device 100.
  • the charging system 10 may be divided into the acquisition module 101, the comparison module 102, the determination module 103, the constant current charging module 104, and the constant voltage charging module 105 in FIG. 4.
  • the acquiring module 101 is configured to acquire the state of charge of the battery at the end of the constant current charging phase at different temperatures corresponding to the charging rate in the nth charge and discharge cycle.
  • the acquiring module 101 is also used to acquire the state of charge of the battery at the end of the constant current charging stage at different temperatures corresponding to the charge rate in the m-1th charge and discharge cycle.
  • the acquiring module 101 is also used to acquire the second state of charge of the battery 13 before charging.
  • the comparison module 102 is used to compare the standard state of charge and the second state of charge at the same temperature.
  • the determining module 103 is configured to determine the charging mode of the battery 13 according to the comparison result.
  • the constant current charging module 104 is used to charge the battery 13 with constant current until the voltage of the battery 13 reaches a preset cut-off voltage, charging capacity or state of charge.
  • the constant voltage charging module 105 is used to charge the battery 13 at a constant voltage until the current of the battery 13 reaches a preset cut-off current, charging capacity or state of charge.
  • the battery 13 can be charged and managed to improve the charging efficiency, service life, and reliability of the battery.
  • the battery charging method please refer to the embodiment of the above battery charging method, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the processor 11 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processors, DSPs), and application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits). Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor 12 may also be any other conventional processor or the like.
  • modules in the charging system 10 are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, this application implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments and methods, and can also be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program.
  • the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or some intermediate forms.
  • the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) , Random Access Memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution media, etc.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • electrical carrier signal telecommunications signal
  • software distribution media etc.
  • the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or deleted according to the requirements of the legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction.
  • the computer-readable medium Does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.
  • module division described above is a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.
  • the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated in the same processing unit, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules may be integrated in the same unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.
  • the electronic device 100 may further include a memory (not shown), and the one or more modules may also be stored in the memory and executed by the processor 11.
  • the memory may be an internal memory of the electronic device 100, that is, a memory built in the electronic device 100. In other embodiments, the memory may also be an external memory of the electronic device 100, that is, a memory external to the electronic device 100.
  • the memory is used to store program codes and various data, for example, to store the program codes of the charging system 10 installed in the electronic device 100, and to achieve high-speed, high-speed, Automatically complete program or data access.
  • the memory may include random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, Flash Card, at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
  • non-volatile memory such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, Flash Card, at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

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Abstract

一种电池的充电方法，包括以下步骤：在第m次充放电循环中，以一充电电流对所述电池进行恒流充电，m为1、2、3、…、x中任意两个以上整数；所述电池在任一次充放电循环中的恒流充电阶段截止时的第一荷电状态SOC 1与一标准荷电状态SOC 0相同（S21）；其中，SOC b≤SOC 0≤SOC a+k，SOC a为所述电池在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，SOC b为所述电池在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值。采用上述电池的充电方法，可以缩短电池的满充时间，并且还可确保电池不会发生过充电现象，可以提高电池的使用寿命。

Description

充电方法、电子装置以及存储介质 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池的充电方法、电子装置以及存储介质。
背景技术
目前，普遍应用在锂电池上的充电方法是通过预设的恒定电流对锂离子电池持续充电至某一电压(可以理解为充电限制电压)后，再以此电压对锂离子电池恒压充电至满充状态。在此情况下，随着电池的充电循环次数以及使用时间的增加，电池的阻抗增大，将会使得电池的恒流充电的时间缩短及恒压充电的时间延长，从而导致电池的总充电时间越来越长。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种充电方法、电子装置以及存储介质，可以缩短电池的满充时间，并且还可确保电池不会发生过充电现象。
本申请一实施方式提供一种电池的充电方法，所述充电方法包括：
在第m次充放电循环中，以一充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电，m为1、2、3、…、x中任意两个以上整数；所述电池在任一次充放电循环中的恒流充电阶段截止时的第一荷电状态SOC 1与一标准荷电状态SOC 0相同；其中，SOC b≤SOC 0≤SOC a+k，SOC a为所述电池在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，SOC b为所述电池在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，n为大于等于0的整数，m为大于n+1的整数，0≤k≤10％，且SOC a+k≤100％。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述SOC a和SOC b还可通过以下方 式获得：SOC a为与所述电池相同的另一电池在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态；SOC b为与所述电池相同的另一电池在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述SOC a和SOC b还可通过以下方式获得：所述SOC a为所述电池或与所述电池相同的另一电池在第n次充放电循环中以恒定的电流充电至U cl时的荷电状态，U cl为所述电池或所述另一电池的充电限制电压；所述SOC b为所述电池或与所述电池相同的另一电池在第m-1次充放电循环中以恒定的电流充电至U cl时的荷电状态。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述充电方法还包括：在第m次充放电循环中，所述电池在充电前的荷电状态定义为第二荷电状态SOC 2；当所述第二荷电状态SOC 2大于或等于所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时，利用一第一充电电压U 1对所述电池进行恒压充电，所述第一充电电压U 1为所述电池在所述第m次充放电循环以前的恒压充电阶段时的充电电压，或者U 1为预设的电压；及所述电池的总充电容量为第一充电容量Q 1，其中Q 1＝(1-SOC 2)×Q，SOC 2表示所述第二荷电状态，Q表示所述电池当前的实际容量。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述充电方法还包括：在第m次充放电循环中，所述电池在充电前的荷电状态定义为第二荷电状态SOC 2；当所述第二荷电状态小于所述标准荷电状态时，以所述充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC o；及所述电池的充电容量为第二充电容量Q 2，Q 2＝(SOC 1-SOC 2)×Q。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述充电方法还包括：获取所述电池在第m次充放电循环中充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC o时的第二充电电压U 2；获取所述电池的充电限制电压U cl；比较所述第二充电电压U 2与所述充电限制电压的大小；及根据比较结果对所述电池进行充电。
在本申请一些实施方式中，所述根据比较结果对所述电池进行充电的步骤包括：当所述第二充电电压大于或等于所述充电限制电压， 以所述第二充电电压对所述电池进行恒压充电；及所述电池的总充电容量为第三充电容量Q 3，Q 3＝(1-SOC 2)×Q。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述根据比较结果对所述电池进行充电的步骤还包括：当所述第二充电电压小于所述充电限制电压时，以所述充电电流对所述电池进行恒流充电至所述充电限制电压；以所述充电限制电压对所述电池进行恒压充电；及所述电池的总充电容量为第四充电容量Q 4，Q 4＝(1-SOC 2)×Q。
本申请一实施方式提供一种电子装置，所述电子装置包括：电池；处理器；所述处理器加载并执行如上述所述的充电方法来管理所述电池的充电。
本申请一实施方式提供一种存储介质，其上存储有至少一条计算机指令，所述计算机指令由处理器加载并用于执行如上所述的电池的充电方法。
本申请的实施方式通过所述标准荷电状态来截止所述电池在第m次充放电循环以后的恒流充电阶段，可以延长电池的恒流充电时间，进而可以缩短电池的满充时间，并且还可确保电池不会发生过充电现象。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请一实施方式的电子装置的结构示意图。
图2是根据本申请一实施方式的电池的充电方法的流程图。
图3是根据本申请图2中所述充电方法的一步骤S21的一实施方式的流程图。
图4是根据本申请一实施方式的充电***的模块图。
主要元件符号说明
电子装置                  100
充电***                  10
处理器                    11
电池                      13
获取模块                  101
比较模块                  102
确定模块                  103
恒流充电模块              104
恒压充电模块              105
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步详细说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。
基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都是属于本申请保护的范围。
请参阅图1，充电***10运行于电子装置100中。所述电子装置100包括，但不仅限于，至少一个处理器11以及电池13，上述元件之间可以通过总线连接，也可以直接连接。
需要说明的是，图1仅为举例说明电子装置100。在其他实施方式中，电子装置100也可以包括更多或者更少的元件，或者具有不同的元件配置。所述电子装置100可以为电动摩托、电动单车、电动汽车、手机、平板电脑、个数数字助理、个人电脑，或者任何其他适合的可充电式设备。
在一个实施方式中，所述电池13为可充电电池，用于给所述电子装置100提供电能。例如，所述电池13可以是铅酸电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池及磷酸铁锂电池等。所述电池13通过充电***10与所述处理器11逻辑相连，从而通过所述充电系 统10实现充电、放电以及功耗管理等功能。所述电池13包括电芯(图未示)。
请参阅图2，图2为根据本申请一实施方式的电池的充电方法的流程图。所述电池的充电方法可以包括以下步骤：
步骤S21：在第m次充放电循环中，以一充电电流对所述电池进行恒流充电，m为1、2、3、…、x中任意两个以上整数，所述电池13在任一次充放电循环中的恒流充电阶段截止时的第一荷电状态与一标准荷电状态相同。
在第m次充放电循环中，本实施方式的所述充电***10以充电电流I m对所述电池13进行恒流充电。
其中，荷电状态(State of Charge，SOC)指电池的剩余容量与该电池的满充容量的比值。
m为1、2、3、…、x中任意两个以上整数，指的是在至少两次充放电循环中，所述电池在恒流充电阶段截止时的第一荷电状态与一标准荷电状态相同。
在本实施方式中，所述第一荷电状态记为SOC 1，所述标准荷电状态记为SOC 0。
所述标准荷电状态SOC 0可随循环次数发生变化，即每个充放电循环中的第一荷电状态SOC 1与不同的SOC 0相对应。所述标准荷电状态SOC 0可以通过实际测试得到的参数或者直接从使用循环充放电后的电池来获取的参数，也可以采用预设值。
在一实施方式中，SOC b≤SOC 0≤SOC a+k，0≤k≤10％，且SOC a+k≤100％。
在本实施方式中，所述SOC a为所述电池13在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，其中，n为大于等于0的整数。
所述SOC b为所述电池13在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，其中，m为大于n+1的整数。
在一实施方式中，所述SOC a和所述SOC b还可以通过以下方式获 得：所述SOC a为与所述电池13相同的另一电池(例如同一型号的电池)在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态。
在一实施方式中，所述SOC b为与所述电池13相同的另一电池(例如同一型号的电池)在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态。
在另一实施方式中，所述SOC a和所述SOC b还可以通过以下方式获得：所述SOC a为所述电池13或与所述电池13相同的另一电池在第n次充放电循环中以恒定的电流充电至U cl时的荷电状态。
在一实施方式中，所述SOC b为所述电池13或与所述电池13相同的另一电池在第m-1次充放电循环中以恒定的电流充电至所述U cl时的荷电状态。其中，所述U cl为所述电池13或所述另一电池的充电限制电压(如背景技术所述的充电限制电压，或者电池产品信息上写的充电限制电压)。
所述充电***10利用充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电，在另一实施方式中，请参考图3，步骤S21的充电过程可包括如下的具体步骤：
步骤S211：获取所述电池13在各个充放电循环中的实际容量。
在本实施方式中，所述电池13在各个充放电循环中的实际容量为所述电池13在相应的充放电循环中的真实电池容量，即所述电池13在各个充放电循环过程中，将电池13从满充状态放电至满放状态的最大容量，所述放电容量可通过电量计来测量。在本实施方式中，所述满放状态为所述电池放电后，所述电池中的电量为0。在其他实施方式中，所述满放状态可以为所述电池放电至预设电量或预定电压。
其中，所述充电***10获取所述电池13在各个充放电循环中的实际容量，并记录电池的温度及倍率等，根据已知的不同温度以及不同倍率间容量的对应关系，对所述电池13的实际容量进行转换计算，进而获取所述电池13的实际充电温度以及充电倍率下的最大容量。该最大容量即为上述的实际容量。
具体地，所述电池13的实际容量会随着所述电池13的使用时间 或者充放电循环次数的增加而变化，电池的实际容量与电芯的老化衰退具有直接的关系。由此，所述充电***10可获取所述电池13在各个充放电循环中的实际容量。
步骤S212：在第m次充放电循环中，获取所述电池在充电前的第二荷电状态SOC 2。
在一实施方式中，在第m次充放电循环中，所述充电***10还用于获取所述电池13在充电前的荷电状态和温度。其中，所述电池13在充电前的荷电状态定义为第二荷电状态SOC 2。
步骤S213：判断所述第二荷电状态SOC 2是否小于所述标准荷电状态SOC 0。若所述第二荷电状态SOC 2小于所述标准荷电状态SOC 0，则进入步骤S215，否则进入步骤S214。
在所述电池13的充电过程中，本申请一实施方式的所述充电***10将会比较在相同温度下的所述标准荷电状态SOC 0与所述第二荷电状态SOC 2的大小。例如，充电***10获取电池13在第m次充放电循环中放电截止时的第二荷电状态SOC 2和电池13在充电过程前的环境温度，再将第二荷电状态和与该环境温度相对应的标准荷电状态进行比较。
步骤S214：利用第一充电电压U 1对所述电池进行恒压充电。
所述第一充电电压U 1为所述电池13在所述第m次充放电循环以前的恒压充电阶段时的充电电压，或者U 1为预设的电压。即在第m次充放电循环中，可以采用电池13在第m次充放电循环以前的任一个充放电循环中的恒压充电阶段时的充电电压来对所述电池进行恒压充电。
在一实施方式中，所述充电***10获取所述电池13在相同温度下的第m次充放电循环以前的恒压充电阶段时的第一充电电压。在第m次充放电循环中，所述充电***10根据所述第一充电电压和总充电容量对所述电池13进行恒压充电。其中，所述电池13的总充电容量为第一充电容量。
具体来说，所述第一充电容量记为Q 1，则Q 1满足以下公式：
Q 1＝(1-SOC 2)×Q  (1)
其中，SOC 2为所述第二荷电状态，Q为所述电池13当前的实际容量。在本申请中，下述的Q都可以指这个含义。由此可知，当所述第二荷电状态SOC 2大于或等于所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时，所述充电***10利用所述第一充电电压U 1对所述电池13进行恒压充电，这一阶段的充电容量为所述第一充电容量Q 1，以保证所述电池13不发生过充电。
步骤S215：以所述充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0。
在本实施方式中，所述充电***10将以所述充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0。
其中，所述充电***10利用所述充电电流I m对所述电池13进行恒流充电。所述电池13在步骤S215中的充电容量为第二充电容量。具体来说，所述第二充电容量记为Q 2，所述第二充电容量Q 2满足以下公式：
Q 2＝(SOC 1-SOC 2)×Q  (2)
可知，当所述第二荷电状态SOC 2小于所述标准荷电状态SOC 1时，即所述充电***10将会以所述充电电流I m对所述电池13进行恒流充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0，此阶段的充电容量为所述第二充电容量Q 2。
请继续参考图2，在一些实施例中，由于电池的阻抗可能随着循环次数的增加先减少再增加，可能会出现电池在第m次充放电循环中充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时的第二充电电压U 2小于充电限制电压U cl的情况，此时为了进一步缩短电池的满充时间，需要对所述第二充电电压U 2与U cl的大小进行比较，以决定之后的充电方式，如下述的步骤S22至步骤S26。
步骤S22：获取所述电池13的充电限制电压U cl以及所述电池13在第m次充放电循环中充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时的第二充电电压U 2。
在一实施方式中，所述充电***10将获取所述电池13的充电限制电压U cl(可以理解为背景技术中所述的充电限制电压)以及所述电池13在第m次充放电循环中充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时的第二充电电压U 2(如步骤S215)。
步骤S23：判断所述第二充电电压U 2是否大于或等于所述充电限制电压U cl。若所述第二充电电压U 2大于或等于所述充电限制电压U cl，则进入步骤S24，否则进入步骤S25和步骤S26。
在一实施方式中，所述充电***10将比较所述第二充电电压U 2与所述充电限制电压U cl的大小，并根据比较结果来对所述电池13进行充电。
步骤S24：以所述第二充电电压对所述电池13进行恒压充电至第三充电容量。
在本实施方式中，所述充电***10以所述第二充电电压U 2对所述电池13进行恒压充电至第三充电容量，其中，第三充电容量为所述电池13在步骤S215及步骤S24中的总充电容量。
具体来说，所述第三充电容量记为Q 3，所述第三充电容量Q 3满足以下公式：
Q 3＝(1-SOC 2)×Q  (3)
由上可知，当所述电池13在恒流充电阶段时的第二充电电压U 2大于或等于所述电池13的充电限制电压U cl时，此时所述充电***10将以所述第二充电电压对所述电池13进行恒压充电，电池的总充电容量为所述第三充电容量Q 3。
步骤S25：以所述充电电流I m对所述电池13进行恒流充电至所述充电限制电压U cl。
在一实施方式中，当所述电池13在恒流充电阶段时的第二充电电压U 2小于所述电池13的充电限制电压U cl时，所述充电***10将以所述充电电流I m对所述电池13进行恒流充电，直至所述电池13在恒流充电阶段时的充电电压达到所述充电限制电压U cl。
步骤S26：以所述充电限制电压U cl对所述电池13进行恒压充电 至所述电池13的第四充电容量Q 4。
具体来说，所述第四充电容量Q 4满足以下公式：
Q 4＝(1-SOC 2)×Q  (4)
在一实施方式中，当所述电池13在恒流充电阶段时的充电电压达到所述充电限制电压U cl时，所述充电***10将以所述充电限制电压U cl对所述电池13进行恒压充电，且以所述充电电流I m对电池13恒流充电至所述充电限制电压U cl以及在所述充电限制电压U cl下恒压充电阶段的总充电容量(即步骤S215、步骤S25和步骤S26的充电容量之和)为第四充电容量Q 4，以保证所述电池13的充电速率最大且电池不发生过度充电现象。
为了使本申请的发明目的、技术方案和技术效果更加清晰，以下结合附图和实施例，对本申请进一步地详细说明。本申请的各对比例和各实施例采用的电池体系以LiCoO 2作为阴极，石墨作为阳极，再加上隔膜、电解液及包装壳，通过混料、涂布、装配、化成和陈化等工艺制成。部分电芯在卷绕过程中在阴阳极极片间加入参比电极，制作成三电极电池，用以测试对比充电过程阴阳极电位差异。需要说明的是，本申请的各对比例和各实施例也可以采用其它化学体系的电池，即以其它物质作为阴极材料，如锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元材料等，本申请不以此为限。本申请各对比例和各实施例的电池的充电限制电压以4.45V为例，在此说明本申请的充电方法可适用于各种电压体系电池，并不局限于4.45V体系。对该体系使用后的电芯采用对比例现有技术中的充电方法恒流恒压充电和采用本申请的充电方法实施例进行循环性能测试，对比其充电速度。
以下陈述的对比例1、2均为采用现有技术中的充电方法对电池进行充电。
对比例1
需要说明的是，对比例1公开的是采用新鲜电池来执行现有技术的充电方法(即恒流充电阶段以固定电压截止)的具体实施过程。
环境温度：25℃；
充电过程：
步骤一、使用1.5C的恒定电流对电池充电，直到电池的电压达到截止电压4.45V(可理解为充电限制电压)；
步骤二、继续使用4.45V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到截止电流0.05C；
步骤三、将电池静置5分钟；
步骤四、再使用1.0C的恒定电流对电池放电，直到电池的电压为3.0V；
步骤五、接着再将电池静置5分钟；
步骤六、重复上述5个步骤500个循环。
以下陈述的具体实施例1～2为采用本发明实施例中的充电方法对电池进行充电。需要说明的是，具体实施例1～2公开的是使用新鲜电池来获得对应的充电参数，同时在充电过程中的环境温度与对比例1相同且保持不变。所述新鲜电池是指刚出厂未使用过的电池，或者是出厂后充放电循环次数小于预设次数(如10次，也可为其它次数)的电池。
实施例1
(1)SOC 0的参数获取过程
环境温度：25℃；
选择新鲜电池获取参数SOC 0，具体获取过程如下；
步骤一、使用1.0C的恒定电流对电池放电，直到电池的电压为3.0V；
步骤二、将电池静置5分钟；
步骤三、使用1.5C的恒定电流对电池充电，直到电池的电压达到截止电压4.45V(可理解为充电限制电压)；
步骤四、继续使用4.45V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到截止电流0.05C；
计算获得步骤三中恒流充电截止时的SOC为70.6％，SOC 0取值为70.6％。
(2)充电过程
环境温度：25℃；
充电过程：
步骤一：获取电池的实际容量Q；
步骤二：使用1.5C的恒定电流对电池进行充电，直到电池在恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态SOC 1为70.6％；
步骤三：获取步骤二中的恒流充电阶段的截止电压U 2(即第二充电电压)，以U 2对电池进行恒压充电至电池的实际容量Q；
步骤四：将电池静置5分钟；
步骤五：使用1.0C的恒定电流对电池放电，直到电池的电压为3.0V；
步骤六：获取步骤五中的放电容量以得到电池的实际容量Q；
步骤七：重复上述步骤二至步骤六500个循环。
实施例2
(1)SOC 0的参数获取过程
与实施例1的SOC 0的参数获取过程相同，得到恒流充电截止时的SOC为70.6％，不同的是SOC 0取值为71％。
(2)充电过程
与实施例1的充电过程一样，不同的是SOC 1＝71％。
对比例2：
需要说明的是，对比例2公开的是采用循环过100次的电池来执行现有技术的充电方法的具体实施过程。
环境温度：25℃；
充电过程：
与对比例1的充电过程相同，不同的是采用循环过100次的电池来执行对比例1的充电过程。
需要说明的是，实施例3～5公开的是采用循环过100次的电池来执行本申请所述的充电方法的具体实施过程。
实施例3
需要说明的是，所述实施例3公开的是使用新鲜电池来获得对应的充电参数。
(1)SOC 0的参数获取过程
与实施例1的SOC 0的参数获取过程相同，得到该电池恒流充电截止时的SOC为70.6％，SOC 0取值为70.6％。
(2)充电过程
与实施例1的充电过程相同，不同的是采用循环过100次的电池来进行充电。
实施例4
需要说明的是，所述实施例4公开的是使用新鲜电池来获得对应的充电参数。
(1)SOC 0的参数获取过程
与实施例1的SOC 0的参数获取过程相同，得到恒流充电截止时的SOC(即70.6％)，不同的是SOC 1取值为71％。
(2)充电过程
与实施例1的充电过程一样，不同的是采用循环过100次的电池来进行充电，且SOC 1＝71％。
实施例5
需要说明的是，所述实施例6公开的是使用循环过100次的电池来获得对应的充电参数。
(1)SOC 0的参数获取过程
与实施例1的SOC 0的参数获取过程相同，不同的是使用循环过100次的电池来获得参数SOC 0，得到该电池在恒流充电截止时的SOC为68.7％，SOC 0取值为68.7％。
(2)充电过程
与实施例1的充电过程一样，不同的是采用循环过100次的电池来进行充电，且SOC 1＝68.7％。
在实验过程中，记录每个对比例和实施例的电池在不同阶段的参数(例如电压、电流、充电时间等)，并把结果记录在下表1中。
表1各对比例和各实施例的恒流阶段截止条件和各阶段的充电时间
Figure PCTCN2019112384-appb-000001
由表1可知，在对比例1、2的充电方法中，随着电池阻抗逐渐增大，电池的恒流充电时间缩短，恒压充电时间延长，总充电时间延长。与对比例1、2相比，采用实施例1～2与实施例3～5中所使用的充电方法可以延长恒流阶段的充电时间，且大幅度地降低恒压阶段的充电时间，进而可以大幅度地降低电池的满充时间，其充电速度明显地快于对比例1、2中的充电速度。通过对比实施例1和实施例2，可以发现，实施例2的充电速度快于实施例1的充电速度，即通过提高恒流充电阶段截止时的SOC可以缩短电池的满充时间。通过对比实施例3和实施例4，也可以得出相同的结论。
在对比例1、2的充电方法中，随着电池的使用，阳极电压逐渐升高，而采用实施例1～2及实施例3～5中的充电方法可以降低阳极电压， 但阳极电位依然大于新鲜电池，因此可使电池不会发生析锂，可以提高电池的使用安全性和使用寿命。
此外，在对比例1、2中的充电方法中，随着电池的使用，阴极电压逐渐升高，同时阴极在高电压下的时间延长，相比于对比例1、2，实施例1～2与实施例3～5中的阴极电压进一步升高，电池恒流充电时间略有增加，恒压充电时间大幅度减小，即满充时间大幅度减小，电池电压以及阴极电压上升，可使电池在高电压下的恒压充电时间缩短，可提高电池的循环性能，同时实施例1中的方法对于阴极电位的增加和恒压充电时间的减少更为明显。一般来说，充电电压的大小和充电时间的长短会影响到电池的循环性能。
综上所述，本申请的实施例采用所述标准荷电状态来截止所述电池在第m次充放电循环中的恒流充电阶段，可以延长恒流充电的时间，缩短其恒压充电时间，进而能够缩短电池的满充时间，其满充时间均比现有技术中的充电方法所需要的时间更短。
请参阅图4，在本实施方式中，所述充电***10可以被分割成一个或多个模块，所述一个或多个模块可存储在所述处理器11中，并由所述处理器11执行本申请实施例的充电方法。所述一个或多个模块可以是能够完成特定功能的一系列计算机程序指令段，所述指令段用于描述所述充电***10在所述电子装置100中的执行过程。例如，所述充电***10可以被分割成图4中的获取模块101、比较模块102、确定模块103、恒流充电模块104以及恒压充电模块105。
所述获取模块101用于获取电池在第n次充放电循环中的不同温度对应充电倍率下的恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态。所述获取模块101还用于获取电池在第m-1次充放电循环中的不同温度对应充电倍率下的恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态。
所述获取模块101还用于获取所述电池13在充电前的第二荷电状态。
所述比较模块102用于比较在相同温度下的所述标准荷电状态与所述第二荷电状态的大小。
所述确定模块103用于根据比较结果确定所述电池13的充电方式。
所述恒流充电模块104用于对电池13进行恒流充电，直到电池13的电压达到预设的截止电压、充电容量或荷电状态。
所述恒压充电模块105用于对电池13进行恒压充电，直到电池13的电流达到预设的截止电流、充电容量或荷电状态。
通过该充电***10可以对所述电池13进行充电管理，以提高电池的充电效率、使用寿命以及可靠性。具体内容可以参见上述电池的充电方法的实施例，在此不再详述。
在一实施方式中，所述处理器11可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者所述处理器12也可以是其它任何常规的处理器等。
所述充电***10中的模块如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，也可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时，可实现上述各个方法实施例的步骤。其中，所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，所述计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。所述计算机可读介质可以包括：能够携带所述计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、电载波信号、电信信号以及软件分发介质等。需要说明的是，所述计算机可读介质包含的内容可以根据司法管辖区内立法和专 利实践的要求进行适当的增减，例如在某些司法管辖区，根据立法和专利实践，计算机可读介质不包括电载波信号和电信信号。
可以理解的是，以上所描述的模块划分，为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在相同处理单元中，也可以是各个模块单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在相同单元中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能模块的形式实现。
在另一实施方式中，所述电子装置100还可包括存储器(图未示)，所述一个或多个模块还可存储在存储器中，并由所述处理器11执行。所述存储器可以是电子装置100的内部存储器，即内置于所述电子装置100的存储器。在其他实施例中，所述存储器也可以是电子装置100的外部存储器，即外接于所述电子装置100的存储器。
在一些实施例中，所述存储器用于存储程序代码和各种数据，例如，存储安装在所述电子装置100中的充电***10的程序代码，并在电子装置100的运行过程中实现高速、自动地完成程序或数据的存取。
所述存储器可以包括随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如硬盘、内存、插接式硬盘、智能存储卡(Smart Media Card，SMC)、安全数字(Secure Digital，SD)卡、闪存卡(Flash Card)、至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他易失性固态存储器件。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本申请不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本申请的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本申请。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将本申请上述的实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本申请的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化涵括在本申请内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池的充电方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在第m次充放电循环中，以一充电电流对所述电池进行恒流充电，m为1、2、3、…、x中任意两个以上整数；
    所述电池在任一次充放电循环中的恒流充电阶段截止时的第一荷电状态SOC 1与一标准荷电状态SOC 0相同；
    其中，SOC b≤SOC 0≤SOC a+k，SOC a为所述电池在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，SOC b为所述电池在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态或预设值，n为大于等于0的整数，m为大于n+1的整数，0≤k≤10％，且SOC a+k≤100％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述SOC a和SOC b还可通过以下方式获得：
    SOC a为与所述电池相同的另一电池在第n次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态；
    SOC b为与所述电池相同的另一电池在第m-1次充放电循环中恒流充电阶段截止时的荷电状态。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述SOC a和SOC b还可通过以下方式获得：
    所述SOC a为所述电池或与所述电池相同的另一电池在第n次充放电循环中以恒定的电流充电至U cl时的荷电状态，U cl为所述电池或所述另一电池的充电限制电压；
    所述SOC b为所述电池或与所述电池相同的另一电池在第m-1次充放电循环中以恒定的电流充电至U cl时的荷电状态。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的充电方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在第m次充放电循环中，所述电池在充电前的荷电状态定义为第二荷电状态SOC 2；
    当所述第二荷电状态SOC 2大于或等于所述标准荷电状态SOC 0 时，利用一第一充电电压U 1对所述电池进行恒压充电，所述第一充电电压U 1为所述电池在所述第m次充放电循环以前的恒压充电阶段时的充电电压，或者U 1为预设的电压；及
    所述电池的总充电容量为第一充电容量Q 1，其中Q 1＝(1-SOC 2)×Q，SOC 2表示所述第二荷电状态，Q表示所述电池当前的实际容量。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的充电方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在第m次充放电循环中，所述电池在充电前的荷电状态定义为第二荷电状态SOC 2；
    当所述第二荷电状态SOC 2小于所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时，以所述充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0；及
    所述电池的充电容量为第二充电容量Q 2，Q 2＝(SOC 1-SOC 2)×Q。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的充电方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    获取所述电池在第m次充放电循环中充电至所述标准荷电状态SOC 0时的第二充电电压U 2；
    获取所述电池的充电限制电压U cl；
    比较所述第二充电电压U 2与所述充电限制电压U cl的大小；及
    根据比较结果对所述电池进行充电。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述根据比较结果对所述电池进行充电的步骤包括：
    当所述第二充电电压U 2大于或等于所述充电限制电压U cl，以所述第二充电电压U 2对所述电池进行恒压充电；及
    所述电池的总充电容量为第三充电容量Q 3，Q 3＝(1-SOC 2)×Q。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述根据比较结果对所述电池进行充电的步骤还包括：
    当所述第二充电电压U 2小于所述充电限制电压U cl时，以所述充电电流I m对所述电池进行恒流充电至所述充电限制电压U cl；
    以所述充电限制电压U cl对所述电池进行恒压充电；及
    所述电池的总充电容量为第四充电容量Q 4，Q 4＝(1-SOC 2)×Q。
  9. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，包括：
    电池；
    处理器，用于执行如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的电池的充电方法。
  10. 一种存储介质，其上存储有至少一条计算机指令，其特征在于，所述计算机指令由处理器加载并用于执行如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的电池的充电方法。
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CN112272908B (zh) 2024-04-09
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US20210119461A1 (en) 2021-04-22
EP3859870A1 (en) 2021-08-04

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