WO2021057724A1 - Multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057724A1
WO2021057724A1 PCT/CN2020/116823 CN2020116823W WO2021057724A1 WO 2021057724 A1 WO2021057724 A1 WO 2021057724A1 CN 2020116823 W CN2020116823 W CN 2020116823W WO 2021057724 A1 WO2021057724 A1 WO 2021057724A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
additive manufacturing
forming
pyramid mirror
laser beam
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PCT/CN2020/116823
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王泽敏
孟梁
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华中科技大学
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Publication of WO2021057724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057724A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/277—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • B29C64/282—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED] of the same type, e.g. using different energy levels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field related to additive manufacturing, and more specifically, relates to a multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method.
  • metal additive manufacturing technology is based on a three-dimensional part model, using metal powder/wire as raw materials, and under the action of high-energy beams, it is directly melted in layers and superimposed layer by layer. Manufacturing dense metal parts. Because it can realize the overall manufacturing and forming of metal parts of almost any complex shape, this technology has important application value in aerospace, weaponry, medical and other fields.
  • the multi-energy beam additive manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot, which realizes the rapid prototyping of large-scale and wide-format by using multiple energy beams to scan simultaneously or partition scanning.
  • the current multi-beam additive manufacturing technology it is common to increase the number of lasers to expand the forming area. This method is complicated and difficult to implement, and the energy utilization rate of each laser beam is small; at the same time, due to mutual interference For other reasons, it is currently not possible to achieve the effect that each laser can scan the entire web.
  • the current multi-beam additive manufacturing assembly is large in size and costly, and it is difficult to obtain large-scale applications.
  • Chinese patent 201680034015.7 uses multiple laser arrays to realize simultaneous multi-beam shaping. In this equipment, single beams can only be scanned and processed for their respective regions. On the other hand, there is a partial overlap area in each forming area, and each laser cannot process the entire forming area.
  • Chinese patent 201510104702.9 proposes the use of multiple electron beams and laser beams to achieve additive manufacturing. This method also uses an array of electron beam generators and lasers to improve the efficiency of forming and assembly and expand the forming area. Similarly, each energy beam is combined The entire molding area cannot be irradiated, and the equipment is complicated and the cost is high.
  • the present invention provides a multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method, which based on the characteristics of the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing, research and design a lower cost, more efficient High multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and methods.
  • the device adopts the method of combining the uniform beam splitting system of the positive pyramid mirror with the scanning system.
  • the high-power laser beam is evenly divided into several laser beams after passing through the apex of the positive pyramid mirror, and each laser beam is emitted through the side of the pyramid mirror. Then through the corresponding beam expanding collimation and scanning system, and focusing system, the irradiated powder is finally emitted from the corresponding light exit port to realize simultaneous scanning and processing of multiple laser beams.
  • a multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment includes an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generation and control module, the laser beam generation and control module and The additive manufacturing device is arranged oppositely, and the additive manufacturing device includes a forming platform and a forming cylinder, and the forming cylinder is connected to the forming platform;
  • the laser beam generation and control module includes a laser, multiple beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, multiple focusing systems, multiple light exits, a regular pyramid mirror and a mounting platform, and the bottom surface of the regular pyramid mirror is set on the mounting platform. On the platform, it is arranged opposite to the laser; the laser is arranged above the positive pyramid mirror; a plurality of the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems are evenly arranged around the central axis of the positive pyramid mirror; A focusing system is located between the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the light exit, and the focusing system is located below the beam expanding collimation and scanning system;
  • the laser is used to emit a laser beam to the positive pyramid mirror; the positive pyramid mirror is used to evenly divide the laser beam into multiple laser beams; the multiple laser beams respectively pass through the multiple beam expanders in sequence After the direct scanning system, the multiple focusing systems and the multiple light outlets, the powder on the forming platform is simultaneously irradiated to perform laser selective melting and forming.
  • the central axis of the laser coincides with the central axis of the right pyramid mirror.
  • the number of the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the number of the focusing systems, and the number of the light exit ports are the same.
  • the positive pyramid mirror is a positive n pyramid mirror, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.
  • the regular pyramid mirror is a regular triangular pyramid mirror, a regular quadrangular pyramid mirror or a regular pentagonal mirror.
  • the angle of the inclination angle ⁇ of the regular pyramid mirror is 0 ⁇ 90°.
  • a multi-beam additive manufacturing method includes the following steps:
  • the laser emits a laser beam
  • the positive pyramid mirror evenly divides the laser beam into multiple laser beams, and the multiple laser beams respectively pass through the multiple beam expander collimation and scanning systems and multiple laser beams in sequence.
  • the focusing system and the plurality of light outlets are irradiated on the powder to perform laser selective melting and forming, after the current layer is formed, the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer thickness;
  • the range of the scanning area of the laser beam is adjusted by adopting the positive pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, so that each divided laser beam can separately scan the forming area individually or scan the forming area separately. Processing.
  • the type of the right pyramid mirror is determined by the number of laser beams required.
  • the inclination angle of the positive pyramid mirror is 30°, 45°, 60° or 75°.
  • the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method provided by the present invention mainly have the following beneficial effects:
  • the positive pyramid mirror is used to evenly divide the laser beam into multiple laser beams, and the multiple laser beams pass through multiple beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, multiple focusing systems, and multiple laser beams in sequence. After the light exit, the powder on the forming platform is irradiated at the same time to perform laser selective melting and forming.
  • a positive pyramid mirror is used to achieve simultaneous processing of multiple beams, and each laser beam can scan the entire forming frame, and each laser can Working alone/collaboratively reduces costs, improves efficiency and flexibility, and has strong applicability.
  • the present invention uses a beam splitting method to divide a single high-power laser beam into multiple laser beams for simultaneous processing.
  • the simultaneous scanning and processing of multiple beams greatly improves the forming efficiency of the device.
  • Laser scanning processing has significantly expanded the size of the forming format; on the other hand, in the existing laser additive manufacturing equipment, the power of the laser is generally about 60% of the total power when used, and the energy utilization rate is not high.
  • each laser beam can achieve a utilization rate of more than 90%, in contrast, the energy utilization rate of a single laser beam is improved.
  • the present invention can realize simultaneous processing of multiple beams by using a single high-power laser beam input (a laser). In contrast, it is easy to realize and has strong controllability, and the number of lasers is reduced by several times, and the manufacturing cost is higher. low.
  • the present invention uses a pyramid mirror matching scanning system to perform multi-beam simultaneous scanning processing.
  • the size of the forming frame can be quickly adjusted to realize the rapid adjustment of large, medium and small format, and the operation is simple and convenient.
  • the present invention uses a regular pyramid mirror with exactly the same sides to perform uniform light splitting, so the beam quality of each laser beam is almost exactly the same, there is no regional difference when processing parts, and the consistency and excellent performance of the overall parts are guaranteed
  • the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment is difficult to ensure that the lasers emitted by multiple lasers are completely consistent, which will also lead to differences in the different positions of the formed parts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the forming of the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser beam generation and control module of the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 are the schematic diagrams of the three types of pyramid mirrors involved in the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams of the three types of pyramid mirrors in FIG. 3 along another angle;
  • FIG. 5 are respectively schematic diagrams of three-angle pyramid mirrors involved in the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of scanning of the pyramid mirror with two inclination angles in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an alignment structure of the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention that uses four groups of single laser beams to be divided into ten laser beams.
  • the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, among which: 1-the first laser beam generation and control module, 1'-the second laser beam generation and control module, 1"-the third Laser beam generation and control module, 1"'-fourth laser beam generation and control module, 1""-fifth laser beam generation and control module, 2-first laser beam, 2'-second laser beam, 2" -The third laser beam, 2′′-the fourth laser beam, 3-forming platform, 4-powder feeding mechanism, 5-powder recovery mechanism, 6-powder shaft, 7-forming zone, 8-forming cylinder, 9- Laser, 10-first beam expander collimation and scanning system, 10′-second beam expander collimation and scanning system, 10′′-third beam expander collimation and scanning system, 10”′-fourth beam expander collimation And scanning system, 10""-the fifth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10"”-sixth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 11-first focusing system, 11′-second focusing system
  • the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a corresponding beam expansion collimation and scanning system and a focusing system through the beam splitting method of a pyramid mirror to realize multi-beam rapid scanning processing.
  • the purpose of forming The present invention realizes the function of "one point and multiple" or “multiple points and multiple” by adopting a pyramid mirror to uniformly split light, which not only improves the forming efficiency, but also can realize the rapid forming of multiple beams of large-size parts.
  • the present invention is easier to implement due to the small number of input beams, lower cost, and stronger controllability.
  • this method can control the size of the laser scanning breadth by controlling the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror, which can meet the processing requirements of different forming breadths.
  • the additive manufacturing equipment includes a laser beam generation and control module, a forming platform 3, a powder feeding mechanism 4, a powder recovery mechanism 5, a powder spreading shaft 6 and a forming cylinder 8.
  • the forming platform 3 is arranged on the forming cylinder 8.
  • the powder spreading shaft 6 is arranged on the forming platform 3, and the forming cylinder 8 and the powder spreading shaft 6 are respectively located on opposite sides of the forming platform 3, and the powder spreading shaft 6 is located at One end of the forming platform 3.
  • the powder recovery mechanism 5 is connected to the forming platform 3 and is arranged opposite to the forming cylinder 8.
  • the powder feeding mechanism 4 is arranged above the powder spreading shaft 6, and the powder feeding mechanism 4 is arranged adjacent to the powder spreading shaft 6.
  • a forming zone 7 is formed on the forming platform 3, and the forming zone 7 is located in the middle of the forming platform 3.
  • the laser beam generation and control module is located above the shaping zone 7, which is used to generate a laser beam and evenly divide the laser beam into several laser beams, expand and focus each laser beam, and then The laser beam realizes multi-beam scanning processing of parts.
  • the powder feeding mechanism 4 is used to feed powder to the powder feeding shaft 6, and the powder recovery mechanism 5 is used to recover and temporarily store the remaining powder on the forming platform 3;
  • the powder mechanism 4, the powder spreading shaft 6, the forming platform 3, the forming cylinder 8 and the powder recovery mechanism 5 constitute an additive manufacturing device; the equipment is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment, Can effectively prevent the oxidation of materials.
  • the laser beam generation and control module includes a laser 9, a first beam expander collimation and scanning system 10, a second beam expander collimation and scanning system 10', a third beam expander collimation and scanning system 10", and a fourth beam expander.
  • the bottom surface of the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 is arranged on the mounting platform 14, the laser 9 is arranged above the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and its central axis is aligned with the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 The central axis coincides.
  • the first expanding beam collimation and scanning system 10, the second expanding beam collimating and scanning system 10', the third expanding beam collimating and scanning system 10", and the fourth beam expanding device and scanning The systems 10"' are respectively arranged around the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and are evenly arranged around the central axis of the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12.
  • the first expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10 the second expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10', the third expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10", and the fourth The beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10"' is respectively arranged opposite to the four pyramid mirror surfaces of the first beam splitting positive quadrangular pyramid mirror 12.
  • the first beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10, the first focusing system 11, and the first light exit 13 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the first beam expanding collimation and scanning
  • the central axis of the system 10, the central axis of the first focusing system 11 and the central axis of the first light outlet 13 coincide.
  • the second beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10', the second focusing system 11', and the second light exit 13' are arranged at intervals from top to bottom along the vertical direction, and the second beam expanding collimator
  • the central axis of the straight and scanning system 10', the central axis of the second focusing system 11' and the central axis of the second light exit 13' coincide.
  • the third beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10", the third focusing system 11", and the third light outlet 13" are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the third beam expanding collimator Straightly coincide with the central axis of the scanning system 10", the central axis of the third focusing system 11" and the central axis of the third light outlet 13".
  • the fourth beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10"', the fourth focusing system 11"', and the fourth light outlet 13"' are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the fourth The central axis of the beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10"', the central axis of the fourth focusing system 11"' and the central axis of the fourth light outlet 13"' coincide.
  • the powder feeding mechanism 4 sends powder to the powder spreading shaft 6, and the powder spreading shaft 6 evenly spreads a layer of powder with a predetermined thickness on the surface of the forming zone 7.
  • the laser 9 emits a high-power laser beam, and the high-power laser beam enters the first beam splitting quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and the first beam splitting quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 is used to divide the high-power laser beam into four beams. Identical laser beams, these four laser beams are divided into the first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2" and the fourth laser beam 2"'.
  • the first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2" and the fourth laser beam 2"' respectively enter the first beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10,
  • the second expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10', the third expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10", and the fourth expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10"' respectively pass through the first The focusing system 11, the second focusing system 11', the third focusing system 11", and the fourth focusing system 11"' enter the first light outlet 13, the second light outlet 13', and the The third light outlet 13" and the fourth light outlet 13"' pass through the first light outlet 13, the second light outlet 13', the third light outlet 13", and the first light outlet 13", respectively.
  • the four light outlets 13"' are projected to the forming area 7.
  • the first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2" and the fourth laser beam 2"' are simultaneously melted/sintered and preset
  • the forming cylinder 8 is lowered by one layer thickness, and the above steps are repeated until the preparation of the part is completed.
  • the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the second embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, except for the positive pyramid mirror.
  • the pyramid mirror of the manufacturing equipment can be any one of a beam splitting regular triangular pyramid mirror 12', a beam splitting regular hexagonal pyramid mirror 12"', and a beam splitting regular pentagonal mirror 12"; theoretically, the pyramid mirror can be an N pyramid mirror.
  • the pyramid mirror when the pyramid mirror is a triangular pyramid mirror, the pyramid mirror can divide a laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into three laser beams; when the pyramid mirror is a pentagonal mirror, the pyramid The mirror can divide a laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into five laser beams; when the pyramid mirror is an n-pyramid lens, the pyramid mirror can divide a laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into n Beam of laser beam.
  • the output of any number of laser beams can be achieved by adjusting the type of the pyramid mirror.
  • the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the third embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main difference lies in the angle of the pyramid mirror.
  • the pyramid mirror may be a first splitting positive pyramid 12"" with an inclination angle of 45°, a second splitting positive pyramid 12""' with an inclination angle of 60°, and a third splitting positive pyramid 12" with an inclination angle of 75°.
  • the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror can be any value in the range of 0 ⁇ 90°.
  • the high-power laser beam emitted by the laser 9 is incident from the apex of the pyramid mirror. Under the action of the quadrangular pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, the laser beam is still divided into four laser beams, but the exit direction of each laser beam is different. Under the action of the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the focusing system, the scanning range of the laser beam will be changed, that is, the size of the forming frame can be adjusted by using different inclination angles of the positive pyramid mirror.
  • the laser beam passes through the first beam splitter 12"" and the second beam splitter 12""' respectively, and passes through the corresponding fifth beam expander collimation and scanning system 10”” and the sixth expander.
  • a first scanning format 15 and a second scanning format 16 are obtained.
  • the first scanning format 15 and the second scanning format The size of 16 is different.
  • the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main difference lies in the number of laser beam generation and control modules.
  • This embodiment includes four laser beam generation and control modules, namely the second laser beam generation and control module 1', the third laser beam generation and control module 1", the fourth laser beam generation and control module 1"', and the second laser beam generation and control module 1". Five laser beam generation and control module 1"".
  • the second laser beam generation and control module 1', the third laser beam generation and control module 1", the fourth laser beam generation and control module 1"', and the fifth laser beam generation and control module 1"" forms an array, and under the action of the corresponding pyramid mirrors, 10 laser beams are formed while the selected area is melted and scanned, and the 10 laser beams are the same.
  • the laser beams obtained from the same laser beam generation and control module are completely the same, and the number of laser beams generated by each laser beam generation and control module may be the same or different.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-beam additive manufacturing method, which mainly includes the following steps:
  • the laser emits a laser beam, and the laser beam sequentially passes through the pyramid mirror, the beam expander collimation and scanning system, the focusing system and the light exit, and is irradiated on the powder
  • the forming cylinder is lowered by a height of the layer thickness.
  • the laser emits a laser beam
  • the laser beam passes through the apex of the pyramid mirror and is equally divided into a plurality of laser beams under the action of the positive pyramid mirror; afterwards, the plurality of laser beams are separated from each other.
  • the multiple sides of the positive pyramid mirror are emitted, and the multiple laser beams are emitted from multiple light exit ports after passing through multiple sets of corresponding beam expanding collimation and scanning systems and multiple focusing systems.
  • multiple laser beams perform individual/coordinated scanning processing on the entire web at the same time. After the current layer is formed, the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer thickness.
  • the material of the powder includes metal materials such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, and non-metallic materials such as ceramics, polymer materials, and composite materials; From the pentagonal pyramid to the regular N-pyramid, select the appropriate pyramid mirror according to the number of laser beams required; the beam expander collimation and scanning system, and the focus system group are determined according to the number of beam splitting, and one-to-one correspondence; the inclination angle of the regular pyramid mirror can be Determine the size of the scanning area, which can be 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, etc.; each laser beam can scan the forming area individually, or scan the forming area by partition.
  • metal materials such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, and non-metallic materials such as ceramics, polymer materials, and composite materials
  • the simultaneous scanning and processing methods of n laser beams can be: (1) A single high-power laser beam is split by an N pyramid mirror to form n laser beams for simultaneous output; (2) Multiple high-power laser beams pass through multiple groups The beam splitting device of the pyramid mirror forms n laser beams to be output at the same time.
  • the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method provided by the present invention realize multi-beam simultaneous processing by means of pyramid mirror beam splitting, which improves the forming efficiency of additive manufacturing technology and enlarges the size of formed parts , And each laser can realize full-frame scanning processing, which can realize the rapid adjustment of large, medium and small format, easy operation, low cost, and high forming efficiency.
  • any number of laser beam output can be achieved by changing the type of the pyramid mirror, and the scanning range of the laser can be changed by changing the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror, so that the large, medium and small format can be adjusted arbitrarily.
  • the process of forming parts by this method is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment, which can effectively prevent the oxidation of materials.

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  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

A multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method. Said apparatus comprises an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generating and controlling module (1, 1', 1", 1"', 1"''), the laser beam generating and controlling modules (1, 1', 1", 1"', 1"'') being arranged opposite the additive manufacturing device; the additive manufacturing device comprises a forming platform (3) and a forming cylinder (8), and the forming cylinder (8) is connected to the forming platform (3); the laser beam generating and controlling modules (1, 1', 1", 1"', 1"'') each comprise a laser (9), a plurality of beam-expanding, aligning and scanning systems (10, 10', 10", 10"', 10"", 10""'), a plurality of focusing systems (11, 11', 11", 11"'), a plurality of light exit ports (13, 13', 13", 13"'), regular pyramid mirrors (12, 12', 12", 12"', 12"", 12""', 12""'') and a mounting platform (14); the bottom surfaces of the regular pyramid mirrors (12, 12', 12", 12"', 12"", 12""', 12""'') are provided on the mounting platform (14) and are provided opposite the laser (9); the laser (9) is provided above the regular pyramid mirrors (12, 12', 12", 12"', 12"", 12""', 12""''); the plurality of beam-expanding, aligning and scanning systems (10, 10', 10", 10"', 10"", 10""') are uniformly arranged around the center axis of the regular pyramid mirrors (12, 12', 12", 12"', 12"", 12""', 12""''); and the focusing systems (11, 11', 11", 11"') are located between the beam-expanding, aligning and scanning systems (10, 10', 10", 10"', 10"", 10""') and the light exit ports (13, 13', 13", 13"'), and the focusing systems (11, 11', 11", 11"') are located below the beam-expanding, aligning and scanning systems (10, 10', 10", 10"', 10"", 10""'). The present invention has advantageous effects of decreasing the cost, improving the efficiency, and having high applicability.

Description

一种多光束增材制造设备及方法Multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method 【技术领域】【Technical Field】
本发明属于增材制造相关技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种多光束增材制造设备及方法。The present invention belongs to the technical field related to additive manufacturing, and more specifically, relates to a multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
作为最具潜力的一种增材制造方法，金属增材制造技术基于零件三维模型，以金属粉末/丝材为原料，在高能束流的作用下，以分层熔化、逐层叠加的方式直接制造致密的金属零件。由于能实现几乎任意复杂形状金属零件的整体制造成形，因此该技术在航空航天、武器装备、医疗等领域具有重要的应用价值。As the most potential additive manufacturing method, metal additive manufacturing technology is based on a three-dimensional part model, using metal powder/wire as raw materials, and under the action of high-energy beams, it is directly melted in layers and superimposed layer by layer. Manufacturing dense metal parts. Because it can realize the overall manufacturing and forming of metal parts of almost any complex shape, this technology has important application value in aerospace, weaponry, medical and other fields.
然而，成形效率以及成形零件尺寸偏小限制了该技术的快速发展以及应用范围。因此，多能束增材制造技术成为研究的热点，它是通过使用多个能束同时扫描或者分区扫描的方式实现大尺寸宽幅面的快速成形。然而，在目前的多光束增材制造技术中，普遍是通过增加激光器的数量来扩大成形幅面，该方法过程复杂、不易实现，而且每个激光束的能量利用率较小；同时，由于相互干涉等原因，目前还不能实现每束激光都能对整个幅面进行扫描加工的效果；另一个方面，目前的多光束增材制造装配体积较大，造价成本较高，难以得到大规模的应用。However, the forming efficiency and the small size of formed parts limit the rapid development and application scope of this technology. Therefore, the multi-energy beam additive manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot, which realizes the rapid prototyping of large-scale and wide-format by using multiple energy beams to scan simultaneously or partition scanning. However, in the current multi-beam additive manufacturing technology, it is common to increase the number of lasers to expand the forming area. This method is complicated and difficult to implement, and the energy utilization rate of each laser beam is small; at the same time, due to mutual interference For other reasons, it is currently not possible to achieve the effect that each laser can scan the entire web. On the other hand, the current multi-beam additive manufacturing assembly is large in size and costly, and it is difficult to obtain large-scale applications.
目前，本领域相关技术人员已经做了一些研究，如中国专利201680034015.7采用多个激光器阵列实现多光束同时成形，该装备中单光束只能针对各自的区域进行扫描加工。另一方面，各成形区域存在部分搭接区域，每束激光并不能对整个成形区域进行加工。又如中国专利201510104702.9提出采用多个电子束和激光束复合扫描的方法实现增材制造，该方法也是通过阵列电子束发生器以及激光器来提高成形装配效率和 扩大成形幅面，同样每个能束并不能辐照整个成型区域，而且装备复杂，成本较高，再如专利201810403444.8采用多个激光器配套多个振镜扫描***，同样每个激光束分区扫描，扫描区间之间存在部分搭接区域。相应地，本领域存在着发展一种成本较低的多光束增材制造设备及方法的技术需求。At present, those skilled in the art have done some research. For example, Chinese patent 201680034015.7 uses multiple laser arrays to realize simultaneous multi-beam shaping. In this equipment, single beams can only be scanned and processed for their respective regions. On the other hand, there is a partial overlap area in each forming area, and each laser cannot process the entire forming area. Another example is the Chinese patent 201510104702.9 proposes the use of multiple electron beams and laser beams to achieve additive manufacturing. This method also uses an array of electron beam generators and lasers to improve the efficiency of forming and assembly and expand the forming area. Similarly, each energy beam is combined The entire molding area cannot be irradiated, and the equipment is complicated and the cost is high. Another example is the patent 201810403444.8 that uses multiple lasers to match multiple galvanometer scanning systems. Similarly, each laser beam is scanned in sections, and there is a partial overlap area between the scanning sections. Correspondingly, there is a technical need to develop a low-cost multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method in this field.
【发明内容】[Summary of the invention]
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种多光束增材制造设备及方法，其基于现有多光束增材制造的特点，研究及设计了一种成本较低、效率较高的多光束增材制造设备及方法。所述设备通过采用正棱锥镜均匀分光***与扫描***相相结合的方法，高功率激光束经过正棱锥镜的顶点被均匀地分成若干个激光束，每个激光束经过棱锥镜的侧面射出，再通过对应的扩束准直和扫描***、聚焦***，最后从相应的出光***出辐照粉末，实现多个激光束同时扫描加工。In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method, which based on the characteristics of the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing, research and design a lower cost, more efficient High multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and methods. The device adopts the method of combining the uniform beam splitting system of the positive pyramid mirror with the scanning system. The high-power laser beam is evenly divided into several laser beams after passing through the apex of the positive pyramid mirror, and each laser beam is emitted through the side of the pyramid mirror. Then through the corresponding beam expanding collimation and scanning system, and focusing system, the irradiated powder is finally emitted from the corresponding light exit port to realize simultaneous scanning and processing of multiple laser beams.
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种多光束增材制造设备，该制造设备包括增材制造装置及至少一个激光束产生及控制模块，所述激光束产生及控制模块与所述增材制造装置相对设置，所述增材制造装置包括成形平台及成形缸，所述成形缸连接于所述成形平台；In order to achieve the above objective, according to one aspect of the present invention, a multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment is provided. The manufacturing equipment includes an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generation and control module, the laser beam generation and control module and The additive manufacturing device is arranged oppositely, and the additive manufacturing device includes a forming platform and a forming cylinder, and the forming cylinder is connected to the forming platform;
所述激光束产生及控制模块包括激光器、多个扩束准直及扫描***、多个聚焦***、多个出光口、正棱锥镜及安装平台，所述正棱锥镜的底面设置在所述安装平台上，其与所述激光器相对设置；所述激光器设置在所述正棱锥镜的上方；多个所述扩束准直及扫描***绕所述正棱锥镜的中心轴均匀排布；所述聚焦***位于所述扩束准直及扫描***及所述出光口之间，且所述聚焦***位于所述扩束准直及扫描***下方；The laser beam generation and control module includes a laser, multiple beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, multiple focusing systems, multiple light exits, a regular pyramid mirror and a mounting platform, and the bottom surface of the regular pyramid mirror is set on the mounting platform. On the platform, it is arranged opposite to the laser; the laser is arranged above the positive pyramid mirror; a plurality of the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems are evenly arranged around the central axis of the positive pyramid mirror; A focusing system is located between the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the light exit, and the focusing system is located below the beam expanding collimation and scanning system;
所述激光器用于向所述正棱锥镜发射一束激光束；所述正棱锥镜用于将所述激光束均匀分成多束激光束；多束激光束依次分别通过多个所述扩束准直及扫描***、多个所述聚焦***及多个所述出光口后同时辐照所述 成形平台上的粉末以进行激光选区熔化成形。The laser is used to emit a laser beam to the positive pyramid mirror; the positive pyramid mirror is used to evenly divide the laser beam into multiple laser beams; the multiple laser beams respectively pass through the multiple beam expanders in sequence After the direct scanning system, the multiple focusing systems and the multiple light outlets, the powder on the forming platform is simultaneously irradiated to perform laser selective melting and forming.
进一步地，所述激光器的中心轴与所述正棱锥镜的中心轴重合。Further, the central axis of the laser coincides with the central axis of the right pyramid mirror.
进一步地，所述扩束准直及扫描***的数量、所述聚焦***的数量及所述出光口的数量相同。Further, the number of the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the number of the focusing systems, and the number of the light exit ports are the same.
进一步地，所述正棱锥镜为正n棱锥镜，n为大于等于3的正整数。Further, the positive pyramid mirror is a positive n pyramid mirror, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.
进一步地，所述正棱锥镜为正三棱锥镜、正四棱锥镜或者正五棱锥镜。Further, the regular pyramid mirror is a regular triangular pyramid mirror, a regular quadrangular pyramid mirror or a regular pentagonal mirror.
进一步地，所述正棱锥镜的倾角α的角度为0<α<90°。Further, the angle of the inclination angle α of the regular pyramid mirror is 0<α<90°.
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种多光束增材制造方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：According to another aspect of the present invention, a multi-beam additive manufacturing method is provided. The method includes the following steps:
(1)提供如上所述的多光束增材制造设备，并将所述成形缸内腔进行抽真空或者填充惰性气体；(1) Provide the above-mentioned multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment, and evacuate the inner cavity of the forming cylinder or fill it with inert gas;
(2)预先在所述成形平台上铺设一层粉末；(2) Laying a layer of powder on the forming platform in advance;
(3)所述激光器发射出激光束，所述正棱锥镜将所述激光束均匀分成多束激光束，多束激光束分别依次通过多个所述扩束准直与扫描***、多个所述聚焦***及多个所述出光口，并辐照在所述粉末上以进行激光选区熔化成形，待当前层成形完毕之后，所述成形缸下降一个层厚的高度；(3) The laser emits a laser beam, and the positive pyramid mirror evenly divides the laser beam into multiple laser beams, and the multiple laser beams respectively pass through the multiple beam expander collimation and scanning systems and multiple laser beams in sequence. The focusing system and the plurality of light outlets are irradiated on the powder to perform laser selective melting and forming, after the current layer is formed, the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer thickness;
(4)重复步骤(2)及步骤(3)，直至完成实体零件的成形。(4) Repeat steps (2) and (3) until the solid part is formed.
进一步地，通过采用不同倾角的正棱锥镜来调节激光束的扫描区域的范围大小，以使得被分后的每束激光束能单独对成型区域进行单独全覆盖扫描加工或者对成形区域进行分区扫描加工。Further, the range of the scanning area of the laser beam is adjusted by adopting the positive pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, so that each divided laser beam can separately scan the forming area individually or scan the forming area separately. Processing.
进一步地，所述正棱锥镜的种类由需要的激光束的数量确定。Further, the type of the right pyramid mirror is determined by the number of laser beams required.
进一步地，所述正棱锥镜的倾角为30°、45°、60°或者75°。Further, the inclination angle of the positive pyramid mirror is 30°, 45°, 60° or 75°.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，本发明提供的多光束增材制造设备及方法主要具有以下有益效果：In general, compared with the prior art through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method provided by the present invention mainly have the following beneficial effects:
1.所述正棱锥镜用于将所述激光束均匀分成多束激光束，多束激光束依次分别通过多个所述扩束准直及扫描***、多个所述聚焦***及多个所 述出光口后同时辐照所述成形平台上的粉末以进行激光选区熔化成形，采用正棱锥镜分光的方式实现多光束同时加工，且每束激光束能够扫描整个成形幅面，同时每束激光可以单独/协同的工作，降低了成本，提高了效率及灵活性，适用性较强。1. The positive pyramid mirror is used to evenly divide the laser beam into multiple laser beams, and the multiple laser beams pass through multiple beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, multiple focusing systems, and multiple laser beams in sequence. After the light exit, the powder on the forming platform is irradiated at the same time to perform laser selective melting and forming. A positive pyramid mirror is used to achieve simultaneous processing of multiple beams, and each laser beam can scan the entire forming frame, and each laser can Working alone/collaboratively reduces costs, improves efficiency and flexibility, and has strong applicability.
2.本发明采用分光的方法将单束高功率激光束分成多束激光进行同时加工，与传统的单光束成形装置相比，多光束同时扫描加工大大地提高了装置的成形效率，同时多束激光扫描加工明显的扩大了成形幅面的大小；另一方面，现有的激光增材制造装备中，使用时激光的功率一般在总功率的60％左右，能量利用率不高，通过上述分光的方法，每束激光束可达到90％以上的利用率，相比之下，提高了单个激光束的能量利用率。2. The present invention uses a beam splitting method to divide a single high-power laser beam into multiple laser beams for simultaneous processing. Compared with the traditional single-beam shaping device, the simultaneous scanning and processing of multiple beams greatly improves the forming efficiency of the device. Laser scanning processing has significantly expanded the size of the forming format; on the other hand, in the existing laser additive manufacturing equipment, the power of the laser is generally about 60% of the total power when used, and the energy utilization rate is not high. In this method, each laser beam can achieve a utilization rate of more than 90%, in contrast, the energy utilization rate of a single laser beam is improved.
3.本发明由于采用单个高功率激光束输入(一台激光器)便可以实现多光束同时加工，相比之下，容易实现、可控性强，而且将激光器的数量减少数倍，制造成本更低。3. The present invention can realize simultaneous processing of multiple beams by using a single high-power laser beam input (a laser). In contrast, it is easy to realize and has strong controllability, and the number of lasers is reduced by several times, and the manufacturing cost is higher. low.
4.本发明采用棱锥镜配套扫描***进行多光束同时扫描加工，通过控制棱锥镜的侧面倾角可以快速地调节成形幅面的尺寸，实现大、中、小幅面的快速调节，操作简便。4. The present invention uses a pyramid mirror matching scanning system to perform multi-beam simultaneous scanning processing. By controlling the side inclination angle of the pyramid mirror, the size of the forming frame can be quickly adjusted to realize the rapid adjustment of large, medium and small format, and the operation is simple and convenient.
5.本发明采用侧面完全一致的正棱锥镜进行均匀分光，因此每个激光束的光束质量近乎完全相同，加工零部件时不存在区域的差异性，保证了整体零部件性能的一致性和优异性，而现有的多光束增材制造装备难以保证多个激光器射出的激光完全一致，从而也会导致成形的零部件的不同位置具有差异性。5. The present invention uses a regular pyramid mirror with exactly the same sides to perform uniform light splitting, so the beam quality of each laser beam is almost exactly the same, there is no regional difference when processing parts, and the consistency and excellent performance of the overall parts are guaranteed However, the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment is difficult to ensure that the lasers emitted by multiple lasers are completely consistent, which will also lead to differences in the different positions of the formed parts.
【附图说明】【Explanation of the drawings】
图1是本发明第一实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备的成形示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the forming of the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;
图2是图1中的多光束增材制造设备的激光束产生及控制模块的示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the laser beam generation and control module of the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment in FIG. 1;
图3中的(a)、(b)、(c)分别是本发明第二实施方式提供的多光 束在增材制造设备涉及的三种棱锥镜的结构示意图；(A), (b), (c) in FIG. 3 are the schematic diagrams of the three types of pyramid mirrors involved in the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;
图4中的(a)、(b)、(c)分别是图3中的三种棱锥镜沿另一个角度的示意图；(A), (b), (c) in FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams of the three types of pyramid mirrors in FIG. 3 along another angle;
图5中的(a)、(b)、(c)分别是本发明第三实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备涉及的三种倾角的棱锥镜的示意图；(A), (b), (c) in FIG. 5 are respectively schematic diagrams of three-angle pyramid mirrors involved in the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the third embodiment of the present invention;
图6是图5中的两种倾角的棱锥镜的扫描示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of scanning of the pyramid mirror with two inclination angles in Fig. 5;
图7是本发明第四实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备涉及的采用四组单束激光束分成十束激光束的整列结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an alignment structure of the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention that uses four groups of single laser beams to be divided into ten laser beams.
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：1-第一激光束产生及控制模块，1′-第二激光束产生及控制模块，1″-第三激光束产生及控制模块，1″′-第四激光束产生及控制模块，1″″-第五激光束产生及控制模块，2-第一激光束，2′-第二激光束，2″-第三激光束，2″′-第四激光束，3-成形平台，4-送粉机构，5-粉末回收机构，6-铺粉轴，7-成形区，8-成形缸，9-激光器，10-第一扩束准直及扫描***，10′-第二扩束准直及扫描***，10″-第三扩束准直及扫描***，10″′-第四扩束准直及扫描***，10″″-第五扩束准直及扫描***，10″″′-第六扩束准直及扫描***，11-第一聚焦***，11′-第二聚焦***，11″-第三聚焦***，11″′-第四聚焦***，12-分光正四棱锥镜，12′-分光正三棱锥镜，12″-分光正五棱锥镜，12″′-分光正六棱锥镜，12″″-第一分光正棱锥镜，12″″′-第二分光正棱锥镜，12″″″-第三分光正棱锥镜，13-第一出光口，13′-第二出光口，13″-第三出光口，13″′-第四出光口，14-安装平台，15-第一扫描幅面，16-第二扫描幅面。In all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, among which: 1-the first laser beam generation and control module, 1'-the second laser beam generation and control module, 1"-the third Laser beam generation and control module, 1"'-fourth laser beam generation and control module, 1""-fifth laser beam generation and control module, 2-first laser beam, 2'-second laser beam, 2" -The third laser beam, 2″-the fourth laser beam, 3-forming platform, 4-powder feeding mechanism, 5-powder recovery mechanism, 6-powder shaft, 7-forming zone, 8-forming cylinder, 9- Laser, 10-first beam expander collimation and scanning system, 10′-second beam expander collimation and scanning system, 10″-third beam expander collimation and scanning system, 10”′-fourth beam expander collimation And scanning system, 10""-the fifth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10"”-sixth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 11-first focusing system, 11′-second focusing system, 11" -Third focusing system, 11"-Fourth focusing system, 12-splitting positive quadrangular pyramid mirror, 12'-splitting positive triangular pyramid mirror, 12"-splitting positive pentagonal pyramid mirror, 12"-splitting regular hexagonal pyramid mirror, 12" "-The first beam splitting positive pyramid mirror, 12""'-the second beam splitting positive pyramid mirror, 12"""-the third beam splitting positive pyramid mirror, 13-the first light outlet, 13'-the second light outlet, 13" -The third light outlet, 13"'-the fourth light outlet, 14-installation platform, 15-first scanning format, 16-second scanning format.
【具体实施方式】【detailed description】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可 以相互组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
请参阅图1及图2，本发明第一实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备，通过棱锥镜的分光方式，配备对应的扩束准直和扫描***、聚焦***，实现多光束快速扫描加工成形的目的。本发明由于采用棱锥镜均匀分光的方式实现“一分多”或者“多分多”的功能，不仅提高了成形效率，而且可以实现大尺寸零部件的多光束快速成形。相比现有的多光束增材制造方法，本发明由于输入光束数量少，更容易实现，成本更低，可控性更强。另一方面，该方法通过控制棱锥镜的倾角可以控制激光扫描幅面的大小，可以满足不同成形幅面的加工要求。Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a corresponding beam expansion collimation and scanning system and a focusing system through the beam splitting method of a pyramid mirror to realize multi-beam rapid scanning processing. The purpose of forming. The present invention realizes the function of "one point and multiple" or "multiple points and multiple" by adopting a pyramid mirror to uniformly split light, which not only improves the forming efficiency, but also can realize the rapid forming of multiple beams of large-size parts. Compared with the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing method, the present invention is easier to implement due to the small number of input beams, lower cost, and stronger controllability. On the other hand, this method can control the size of the laser scanning breadth by controlling the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror, which can meet the processing requirements of different forming breadths.
所述增材制造设备包括激光束产生及控制模块、成形平台3、送粉机构4、粉末回收机构5、铺粉轴6及成形缸8，所述成形平台3设置在所述成形缸8上，所述铺粉轴6设置在所述成形平台3上，且所述成形缸8及所述铺粉轴6分别位于所述成形平台3相背的两侧，且所述铺粉轴6位于所述成形平台3的一端。所述粉末回收机构5连接于所述成形平台3上，且其与所述成形缸8相对设置。所述送粉机构4设置在所述铺粉轴6上方，且所述送粉机构4临近所述铺粉轴6设置。所述成形平台3上形成有成形区7，所述成形区7位于所述成形平台3的中部。所述激光束产生及控制模块位于所述成形区7上方，其用于产生激光束及将所述激光束均匀的分成若干个激光束，并对每束激光束进行扩束及聚焦，进而所述激光束对零部件实现多光束扫描加工。The additive manufacturing equipment includes a laser beam generation and control module, a forming platform 3, a powder feeding mechanism 4, a powder recovery mechanism 5, a powder spreading shaft 6 and a forming cylinder 8. The forming platform 3 is arranged on the forming cylinder 8. , The powder spreading shaft 6 is arranged on the forming platform 3, and the forming cylinder 8 and the powder spreading shaft 6 are respectively located on opposite sides of the forming platform 3, and the powder spreading shaft 6 is located at One end of the forming platform 3. The powder recovery mechanism 5 is connected to the forming platform 3 and is arranged opposite to the forming cylinder 8. The powder feeding mechanism 4 is arranged above the powder spreading shaft 6, and the powder feeding mechanism 4 is arranged adjacent to the powder spreading shaft 6. A forming zone 7 is formed on the forming platform 3, and the forming zone 7 is located in the middle of the forming platform 3. The laser beam generation and control module is located above the shaping zone 7, which is used to generate a laser beam and evenly divide the laser beam into several laser beams, expand and focus each laser beam, and then The laser beam realizes multi-beam scanning processing of parts.
本实施方式中，所述送粉机构4用于送粉给所述送粉轴6，所述粉末回收机构5用于对所述成形平台3上剩余的粉末进行回收及暂存；所述送粉机构4、所述铺粉轴6、所述成形平台3、所述成形缸8及所述粉末回收机构5组成增材制造装置；所述设备是在真空或者惰性气体保护环境中进行的，可以有效防止材料的氧化。In this embodiment, the powder feeding mechanism 4 is used to feed powder to the powder feeding shaft 6, and the powder recovery mechanism 5 is used to recover and temporarily store the remaining powder on the forming platform 3; The powder mechanism 4, the powder spreading shaft 6, the forming platform 3, the forming cylinder 8 and the powder recovery mechanism 5 constitute an additive manufacturing device; the equipment is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment, Can effectively prevent the oxidation of materials.
所述激光束产生及控制模块包括激光器9、第一扩束准直及扫描*** 10、第二扩束准直及扫描***10’、第三扩束准直及扫描***10”、第四扩束准直及扫描***10”’、第一聚焦***11、第二聚焦***11’、第三聚集***11”、第四聚焦***11”’、第一分光正四棱锥镜12、第一出光口13、第二出光口13’、第三出光口13”、第四出光口13”’及安装平台14。The laser beam generation and control module includes a laser 9, a first beam expander collimation and scanning system 10, a second beam expander collimation and scanning system 10', a third beam expander collimation and scanning system 10", and a fourth beam expander. Beam collimation and scanning system 10"', first focusing system 11, second focusing system 11', third focusing system 11", fourth focusing system 11"', first splitting quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, first light exit 13. The second light outlet 13', the third light outlet 13", the fourth light outlet 13"' and the installation platform 14.
所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12的底面设置在所述安装平台14上，所述激光器9设置在所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12上方，其中心轴与所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12的中心轴重合。所述第一扩束准直及扫描***10、所述第二扩束准直及扫描***10’、所述第三扩束准直及扫描***10”及所述第四扩束装置及扫描***10”’分别设置在所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12的周围，且绕所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12的中心轴均匀排布。本实施方式中，所述第一扩束准直及扫描***10、所述第二扩束准直及扫描***10’、所述第三扩束准直及扫描***10”及所述第四扩束准直及扫描***10”’分别与所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12的四个棱锥镜面相对设置。The bottom surface of the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 is arranged on the mounting platform 14, the laser 9 is arranged above the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and its central axis is aligned with the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 The central axis coincides. The first expanding beam collimation and scanning system 10, the second expanding beam collimating and scanning system 10', the third expanding beam collimating and scanning system 10", and the fourth beam expanding device and scanning The systems 10"' are respectively arranged around the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and are evenly arranged around the central axis of the first beam splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12. In this embodiment, the first expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10, the second expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10', the third expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10", and the fourth The beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10"' is respectively arranged opposite to the four pyramid mirror surfaces of the first beam splitting positive quadrangular pyramid mirror 12.
所述第一扩束准直及扫描***10、所述第一聚焦***11及所述第一出光口13沿竖直方向自上而下间隔设置，且所述第一扩束准直及扫描***10的中心轴、所述第一聚焦***11的中心轴及所述第一出光口13的中心轴重合。The first beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10, the first focusing system 11, and the first light exit 13 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the first beam expanding collimation and scanning The central axis of the system 10, the central axis of the first focusing system 11 and the central axis of the first light outlet 13 coincide.
所述第二扩束准直及扫描***10’、所述第二聚焦***11’及所述第二出光口13’沿竖直方向自上而下间隔设置，且所述第二扩束准直及扫描***10’的中心轴、所述第二聚焦***11’的中心轴及所述第二出光口13’的中心轴重合。The second beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10', the second focusing system 11', and the second light exit 13' are arranged at intervals from top to bottom along the vertical direction, and the second beam expanding collimator The central axis of the straight and scanning system 10', the central axis of the second focusing system 11' and the central axis of the second light exit 13' coincide.
所述第三扩束准直及扫描***10”、所述第三聚焦***11”及所述第三出光口13”沿竖直方向自上而下间隔设置，且所述第三扩束准直及扫描***10”的中心轴、所述第三聚焦***11”的中心轴及所述第三出光口13”的中心轴重合。The third beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10", the third focusing system 11", and the third light outlet 13" are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the third beam expanding collimator Straightly coincide with the central axis of the scanning system 10", the central axis of the third focusing system 11" and the central axis of the third light outlet 13".
所述第四扩束准直及扫描***10”’、所述第四聚焦***11”’及所述第 四出光口13”’沿竖直方向自上而下间隔设置，且所述第四扩束准直及扫描***10”’的中心轴、所述第四聚焦***11”’的中心轴及所述第四出光口13”’的中心轴重合。The fourth beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10"', the fourth focusing system 11"', and the fourth light outlet 13"' are arranged at intervals from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the fourth The central axis of the beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10"', the central axis of the fourth focusing system 11"' and the central axis of the fourth light outlet 13"' coincide.
所述送粉机构4送粉到所述铺粉轴6，所述铺粉轴6在所述成形区7表面均匀的铺置一层预定厚度的粉末。所述激光器9发出一束高功率激光束，所述高功率激光束进入所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12，所述第一分光正四棱锥镜12用于将所述高功率激光束分成四束完全相同的激光束，这四束激光束分被为第一激光束2、第二激光束2’、第三激光束2”及第四激光束2”’。所述第一激光束2、所述第二激光束2’、所述第三激光束2”及所述第四激光束2”’分别进入所述第一扩束准直及扫描***10、所述第二扩束准直及扫描***10’、所述第三扩束准直及扫描***10”及所述第四扩束准直及扫描***10”’，进而分别经由所述第一聚焦***11、所述第二聚焦***11’、所述第三聚焦***11”及所述第四聚焦***11”’进入所述第一出光口13、所述第二出光口13’、所述第三出光口13”及所述第四出光口13”’，且分别经由所述第一出光口13、所述第二出光口13’、所述第三出光口13”及所述第四出光口13”’射出到所述成形区7。根据当前层切片的图形，所述第一激光束2、所述第二激光束2’、所述第三激光束2”及所述第四激光束2”’同时熔化后/烧结预置的粉末层，成形完毕后，所述成形缸8下降一个层厚高度，重复以上步骤，直至完成零件的制备。The powder feeding mechanism 4 sends powder to the powder spreading shaft 6, and the powder spreading shaft 6 evenly spreads a layer of powder with a predetermined thickness on the surface of the forming zone 7. The laser 9 emits a high-power laser beam, and the high-power laser beam enters the first beam splitting quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and the first beam splitting quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 is used to divide the high-power laser beam into four beams. Identical laser beams, these four laser beams are divided into the first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2" and the fourth laser beam 2"'. The first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2" and the fourth laser beam 2"' respectively enter the first beam expanding collimation and scanning system 10, The second expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10', the third expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10", and the fourth expanded beam collimation and scanning system 10"' respectively pass through the first The focusing system 11, the second focusing system 11', the third focusing system 11", and the fourth focusing system 11"' enter the first light outlet 13, the second light outlet 13', and the The third light outlet 13" and the fourth light outlet 13"' pass through the first light outlet 13, the second light outlet 13', the third light outlet 13", and the first light outlet 13", respectively. The four light outlets 13"' are projected to the forming area 7. According to the pattern of the current layer slice, the first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2" and the fourth laser beam 2"' are simultaneously melted/sintered and preset After the powder layer is formed, the forming cylinder 8 is lowered by one layer thickness, and the above steps are repeated until the preparation of the part is completed.
请参阅图3及图4，本发明第二实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备与本发明第一实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备基本相同，不同点在于正棱锥镜。所述制造设备的棱锥镜可以为分光正三棱锥镜12’、分光正六棱锥镜12”’及分光正五棱锥镜12”中的任一个；理论上来说，所述棱锥镜可以为N棱锥镜。Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the second embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, except for the positive pyramid mirror. The pyramid mirror of the manufacturing equipment can be any one of a beam splitting regular triangular pyramid mirror 12', a beam splitting regular hexagonal pyramid mirror 12"', and a beam splitting regular pentagonal mirror 12"; theoretically, the pyramid mirror can be an N pyramid mirror.
其中，当所述棱锥镜为三棱锥镜时，所述棱锥镜可以将所述激光器9发出的一束激光束分为三束激光束；当所述棱锥镜为五棱锥镜时，所述棱 锥镜可以将所述激光器9发出的一束激光束分为五束激光束；当所述棱锥镜为n棱锥镜时，所述棱锥镜可以将所述激光器9发出的一束激光束分为n束激光束。通过调整所述棱锥镜的种类可以实现任意数量的激光束的输出。Wherein, when the pyramid mirror is a triangular pyramid mirror, the pyramid mirror can divide a laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into three laser beams; when the pyramid mirror is a pentagonal mirror, the pyramid The mirror can divide a laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into five laser beams; when the pyramid mirror is an n-pyramid lens, the pyramid mirror can divide a laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into n Beam of laser beam. The output of any number of laser beams can be achieved by adjusting the type of the pyramid mirror.
请参阅图5及图6，本发明第三实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备与本发明第一实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备基本相同，主要不同点在于棱锥镜的角度。所述棱锥镜可以为倾角为45°的第一分光正棱锥镜12””、倾角为60°的第二分光正棱锥镜12””’及倾角为75°的第三分光正棱锥镜12”””，理论上，所述棱锥镜的倾角可以为0<α<90°中的任意值。Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the third embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention. The main difference lies in the angle of the pyramid mirror. The pyramid mirror may be a first splitting positive pyramid 12"" with an inclination angle of 45°, a second splitting positive pyramid 12""' with an inclination angle of 60°, and a third splitting positive pyramid 12" with an inclination angle of 75°. "", theoretically, the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror can be any value in the range of 0<α<90°.
所述激光器9发出的高功率激光束自棱锥镜的顶点入射，在不同倾角的四棱锥镜的作用下，激光束仍然被分成四束激光束，但是每束激光束的出射方向不同，再在扩束准直和扫描***及聚焦***的作用下，所述激光束的扫描范围会发生变化，即通过采用不同的正棱锥镜的倾角，可以调节成形幅面的大小。The high-power laser beam emitted by the laser 9 is incident from the apex of the pyramid mirror. Under the action of the quadrangular pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, the laser beam is still divided into four laser beams, but the exit direction of each laser beam is different. Under the action of the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the focusing system, the scanning range of the laser beam will be changed, that is, the size of the forming frame can be adjusted by using different inclination angles of the positive pyramid mirror.
请参阅图6，激光束分别经过第一分光正棱锥镜12””及第二分光正棱锥镜12””’，并通过对应的第五扩束准直及扫描***10””及第六扩束准直及扫描***10””’后辐照所述成形平台3上的粉末，得到了第一扫描幅面15及第二扫描幅面16，所述第一扫描幅面15及所述第二扫描幅面16的尺寸不同。Please refer to Fig. 6, the laser beam passes through the first beam splitter 12"" and the second beam splitter 12""' respectively, and passes through the corresponding fifth beam expander collimation and scanning system 10”” and the sixth expander. After the beam collimation and scanning system 10""' irradiates the powder on the forming platform 3, a first scanning format 15 and a second scanning format 16 are obtained. The first scanning format 15 and the second scanning format The size of 16 is different.
请参阅图7，本发明第四实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备与本发明第一实施方式提供的多光束增材制造设备基本相同，主要不同点在于激光束产生及控制模块的数量。本实施方式包括四个激光束产生及控制模块，分别为第二激光束产生及控制模块1’、第三激光束产生及控制模块1”、第四激光束产生及控制模块1”’及第五激光束产生及控制模块1””。所述第二激光束产生及控制模块1’、所述第三激光束产生及控制模块1”、所述第四激光束产生及控制模块1”’及所述第五激光束产生及控制模块1””形成阵列，并分别在对应的棱锥镜的作用下，形成10束激光束同时选区熔化扫描 成形，该10束激光束是相同的。Referring to FIG. 7, the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment provided by the first embodiment of the present invention. The main difference lies in the number of laser beam generation and control modules. This embodiment includes four laser beam generation and control modules, namely the second laser beam generation and control module 1', the third laser beam generation and control module 1", the fourth laser beam generation and control module 1"', and the second laser beam generation and control module 1". Five laser beam generation and control module 1"". The second laser beam generation and control module 1', the third laser beam generation and control module 1", the fourth laser beam generation and control module 1"', and the fifth laser beam generation and control module 1"" forms an array, and under the action of the corresponding pyramid mirrors, 10 laser beams are formed while the selected area is melted and scanned, and the 10 laser beams are the same.
本实施方式中，从同一个激光束产生及控制模块得到的激光束完全一致，每个激光束产生及控制模块所产生的激光束的个数可以相同也可以不同。In this embodiment, the laser beams obtained from the same laser beam generation and control module are completely the same, and the number of laser beams generated by each laser beam generation and control module may be the same or different.
本发明还提供了一种多光束增材制造方法，所述制造方法主要包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a multi-beam additive manufacturing method, which mainly includes the following steps:
(1)提供如上所述的多光束增材制造设备，并将所述制造设备的成型腔进行抽真空或者填充惰性气体。由此，可以保证成形过程中粉末与激光相互作用时不被氧化。(1) Provide the above-mentioned multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment, and vacuum or fill the molding cavity of the manufacturing equipment with inert gas. Therefore, it can be ensured that the powder is not oxidized when interacting with the laser during the forming process.
(2)在所述铺粉轴的作用下，预先在所述成形平台3的成形区7铺置一层粉末。(2) Under the action of the powder spreading shaft, a layer of powder is laid on the forming area 7 of the forming platform 3 in advance.
(3)所述激光器发射出激光束，所述激光束依次通过所述棱锥镜、所述扩束准直与扫描***、所述聚焦***及所述出光口，并辐照在所述粉末上以进行激光选区熔化成形，待当前层成形完毕之后，所述成形缸下降一个层厚的高度。(3) The laser emits a laser beam, and the laser beam sequentially passes through the pyramid mirror, the beam expander collimation and scanning system, the focusing system and the light exit, and is irradiated on the powder To perform laser selective melting and forming, after the forming of the current layer is completed, the forming cylinder is lowered by a height of the layer thickness.
具体地，所述激光器发射出激光束，所述激光束经过所述棱锥镜顶点并在正棱锥镜的作用下，激光束被均分成多个激光束；之后，多个所述激光束分别自正棱锥镜的多个侧面出射，多个所述激光束经过对应的多组扩束准直和扫描***、多个所述聚焦***后自多个出光***出。最后，多个激光束同时对整个幅面进行单独/协同扫描加工，待当前层成形完毕之后，成形缸下降一个层厚的高度。Specifically, the laser emits a laser beam, and the laser beam passes through the apex of the pyramid mirror and is equally divided into a plurality of laser beams under the action of the positive pyramid mirror; afterwards, the plurality of laser beams are separated from each other. The multiple sides of the positive pyramid mirror are emitted, and the multiple laser beams are emitted from multiple light exit ports after passing through multiple sets of corresponding beam expanding collimation and scanning systems and multiple focusing systems. Finally, multiple laser beams perform individual/coordinated scanning processing on the entire web at the same time. After the current layer is formed, the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer thickness.
(4)重复步骤(2)及步骤(3)，直至完成实体零件的成形。(4) Repeat steps (2) and (3) until the solid part is formed.
本实施方式中，所述粉末的材料包括钛合金、铝合金、镁合金、铜合金等金属材料、以及陶瓷、高分子材料及复合材料等非金属材料；棱锥镜采用正三棱锥、正四棱锥、正五棱锥直至正N棱锥，根据所需要的激光束数量选择合适的棱锥镜；扩束准直和扫描***、聚焦***组根据分束的数 量决定，且一一对应；正棱锥镜的倾斜角可以决定扫描区域的范围大小，可为30°、45°、60°以及75°等；每个激光束可以对成形区域进行单独全覆盖扫描加工，也可以对成形区域进行分区扫描加工。In this embodiment, the material of the powder includes metal materials such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, and non-metallic materials such as ceramics, polymer materials, and composite materials; From the pentagonal pyramid to the regular N-pyramid, select the appropriate pyramid mirror according to the number of laser beams required; the beam expander collimation and scanning system, and the focus system group are determined according to the number of beam splitting, and one-to-one correspondence; the inclination angle of the regular pyramid mirror can be Determine the size of the scanning area, which can be 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, etc.; each laser beam can scan the forming area individually, or scan the forming area by partition.
其中，实现n个激光束的同时扫描加工方式可为：(1)单束高功率激光束经过N棱锥镜分光形成n个激光束同时输出；(2)多束高功率激光束经过多组包含棱锥镜的分光装置形成n个激光束同时输出。Among them, the simultaneous scanning and processing methods of n laser beams can be: (1) A single high-power laser beam is split by an N pyramid mirror to form n laser beams for simultaneous output; (2) Multiple high-power laser beams pass through multiple groups The beam splitting device of the pyramid mirror forms n laser beams to be output at the same time.
本发明提供的多光束增材制造设备及方法，所述多光束增材制造设备通过棱锥镜分光的方式实现多光束同时加工，提高了增材制造技术的成形效率以及扩大了成形零部件的尺寸，而且每束激光可以实现全幅面扫描加工，能够实现大、中、小幅面的快速调节，操作简便，成本较低，成形效率较高。此外，通过改变棱锥镜的种类可以实现任意数量的激光束输出，而且通过改变棱锥镜的倾角可以改变激光的扫描范围，实现大、中、小幅面的任意可调。该方法成形零部件过程是在真空或惰性气体保护环境中进行，能够有效防止材料的氧化。The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method provided by the present invention realize multi-beam simultaneous processing by means of pyramid mirror beam splitting, which improves the forming efficiency of additive manufacturing technology and enlarges the size of formed parts , And each laser can realize full-frame scanning processing, which can realize the rapid adjustment of large, medium and small format, easy operation, low cost, and high forming efficiency. In addition, any number of laser beam output can be achieved by changing the type of the pyramid mirror, and the scanning range of the laser can be changed by changing the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror, so that the large, medium and small format can be adjusted arbitrarily. The process of forming parts by this method is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment, which can effectively prevent the oxidation of materials.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention, All should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多光束增材制造设备，其特征在于：A multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment, which is characterized in:
    所述设备包括增材制造装置及至少一个激光束产生及控制模块，所述激光束产生及控制模块与所述增材制造装置相对设置，所述增材制造装置包括成形平台(3)及成形缸(8)，所述成形缸(8)连接于所述成形平台(3)；The equipment includes an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generation and control module. The laser beam generation and control module is arranged opposite to the additive manufacturing device. The additive manufacturing device includes a forming platform (3) and a forming platform (3). A cylinder (8), the forming cylinder (8) is connected to the forming platform (3);
    所述激光束产生及控制模块包括激光器(9)、多个扩束准直及扫描***、多个聚焦***、多个出光口、正棱锥镜及安装平台(14)，所述正棱锥镜的底面设置在所述安装平台(14)上，其与所述激光器(9)相对设置；所述激光器(9)设置在所述正棱锥镜的上方；多个所述扩束准直及扫描***绕所述正棱锥镜的中心轴均匀排布；所述聚焦***位于所述扩束准直及扫描***及所述出光口之间，且所述聚焦***位于所述扩束准直及扫描***下方；The laser beam generation and control module includes a laser (9), multiple beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, multiple focusing systems, multiple light exits, a regular pyramid mirror and a mounting platform (14). The bottom surface is arranged on the installation platform (14), which is arranged opposite to the laser (9); the laser (9) is arranged above the right pyramid mirror; a plurality of the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems Evenly arranged around the central axis of the positive pyramid; the focusing system is located between the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the light exit, and the focusing system is located in the beam expanding collimating and scanning system Below
    所述激光器(9)用于向所述正棱锥镜发射一束激光束；所述正棱锥镜用于将所述激光束均匀分成多束激光束；多束激光束依次分别通过多个所述扩束准直及扫描***、多个所述聚焦***及多个所述出光口后同时辐照所述成形平台(3)上的粉末以进行激光选区熔化成形。The laser (9) is used to emit a laser beam to the positive pyramid mirror; the positive pyramid mirror is used to evenly divide the laser beam into multiple laser beams; the multiple laser beams respectively pass through a plurality of the The beam expanding collimation and scanning system, the multiple focusing systems and the multiple light outlets simultaneously irradiate the powder on the forming platform (3) to perform laser selective melting and forming.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多光束增材制造设备，其特征在于：所述激光器(9)的中心轴与所述正棱锥镜的中心轴重合。The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the central axis of the laser (9) coincides with the central axis of the positive pyramid mirror.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多光束增材制造设备，其特征在于：所述扩束准直及扫描***的数量、所述聚焦***的数量及所述出光口的数量相同。The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the number of the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the number of the focusing systems and the number of the light exit ports are the same.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的多光束增材制造设备，其特征在于：所述正棱锥镜为正n棱锥镜，n为大于等于3的正整数。The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the positive pyramid mirror is a positive n pyramid mirror, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的多光束增材制造设备，其特征在于：所述正棱锥镜为正三棱锥镜、正四棱锥镜或者正五棱锥镜。The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 4, wherein the regular pyramid mirror is a regular triangular pyramid, a regular quadrangular pyramid or a regular pentagonal mirror.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的多光束增材制造设备，其特征在于：所述正棱锥镜的倾角α的角度为0<α<90°。The multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the inclination α of the positive pyramid mirror is 0<α<90°.
  7. 一种多光束增材制造方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：A multi-beam additive manufacturing method, characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
    (1)提供权利要求1-6任一项所述的多光束增材制造设备，并将所述成形缸(8)内腔进行抽真空或者填充惰性气体；(1) Provide the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment according to any one of claims 1-6, and vacuum or fill the inner cavity of the forming cylinder (8) with inert gas;
    (2)预先在所述成形平台(3)上铺设一层粉末；(2) Laying a layer of powder on the forming platform (3) in advance;
    (3)所述激光器(9)发射出激光束，所述正棱锥镜将所述激光束均匀分成多束激光束，多束激光束分别依次通过多个所述扩束准直与扫描***、多个所述聚焦***及多个所述出光口，并辐照在所述粉末上以进行激光选区熔化成形，待当前层成形完毕之后，所述成形缸(8)下降一个层厚的高度；(3) The laser (9) emits a laser beam, and the right pyramid mirror evenly divides the laser beam into multiple laser beams, and the multiple laser beams respectively pass through the multiple beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, A plurality of the focusing systems and a plurality of the light outlets are irradiated on the powder to perform laser selective melting and forming. After the current layer is formed, the forming cylinder (8) is lowered by one layer thickness;
    (4)重复步骤(2)及步骤(3)，直至完成实体零件的成形。(4) Repeat steps (2) and (3) until the solid part is formed.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的多光束增材制造方法，其特征在于：通过采用不同倾角的正棱锥镜来调节激光束的扫描区域的范围大小，以使得被分后的每束激光束能单独对成型区域进行单独全覆盖扫描加工或者对成形区域进行分区扫描加工。The multi-beam additive manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the range of the scanning area of the laser beam is adjusted by using positive pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, so that each divided laser beam can be individually aligned The forming area can be scanned and processed individually or in sub-regions.
  9. 如权利要求7所述的多光束增材制造方法，其特征在于：所述正棱锥镜的种类由需要的激光束的数量确定。8. The multi-beam additive manufacturing method of claim 7, wherein the type of the positive pyramid mirror is determined by the number of laser beams required.
  10. 如权利要求7所述的多光束增材制造方法，其特征在于：所述正棱锥镜的倾角为30°、45°、60°或者75°。8. The multi-beam additive manufacturing method of claim 7, wherein the inclination angle of the positive pyramid mirror is 30°, 45°, 60° or 75°.
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