CN110614766A - Multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method - Google Patents
Multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110614766A CN110614766A CN201910901361.6A CN201910901361A CN110614766A CN 110614766 A CN110614766 A CN 110614766A CN 201910901361 A CN201910901361 A CN 201910901361A CN 110614766 A CN110614766 A CN 110614766A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/277—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED]
- B29C64/282—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED] of the same type, e.g. using different energy levels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to additive manufacturing, and discloses multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and a method, wherein the equipment comprises an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generating and controlling module, the laser beam generating and controlling module and the additive manufacturing device are arranged oppositely, the additive manufacturing device comprises a forming platform and a forming cylinder, and the forming cylinder is connected to the forming platform; the laser beam generating and controlling module comprises a laser, a plurality of beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems, a plurality of focusing systems, a plurality of light outlets, a regular pyramid lens and a mounting platform, wherein the bottom surface of the regular pyramid lens is arranged on the mounting platform and is opposite to the laser; the laser is arranged above the regular pyramid lens; a plurality of beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the regular pyramid lens; the focusing system is positioned between the beam expanding, collimating and scanning system and the light outlet, and the focusing system is positioned below the beam expanding, collimating and scanning system. The invention has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and strong applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and a multi-beam additive manufacturing method.
Background
As a most potential additive manufacturing method, a metal additive manufacturing technology is based on a part three-dimensional model, metal powder/wire materials are used as raw materials, and a compact metal part is directly manufactured in a layered melting and layer-by-layer overlapping mode under the action of high-energy beam current. The technology has important application value in the fields of aerospace, weaponry, medical treatment and the like because the integral manufacturing and forming of metal parts with almost any complex shapes can be realized.
However, the forming efficiency and the size of the formed parts are so small that the rapid development and application range of the technology are limited. Therefore, the multi-energy beam additive manufacturing technology becomes a hot spot of research, and the rapid forming of large-size wide webs is realized by using a plurality of energy beams to simultaneously scan or scan in a subarea mode. However, in the current multi-beam additive manufacturing technology, the forming breadth is generally enlarged by increasing the number of lasers, the method is complex in process and difficult to implement, and the energy utilization rate of each laser beam is small; meanwhile, due to the reasons of mutual interference and the like, the effect that each beam of laser can scan and process the whole breadth cannot be realized at present; on the other hand, the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing assembly has large volume and high manufacturing cost, and is difficult to be applied on a large scale.
Currently, some researches have been made by those skilled in the art, such as chinese patent 201680034015.7, which uses multiple laser arrays to realize multiple beam simultaneous shaping, and the single beam can only scan and process for respective areas in the equipment. On the other hand, each forming region has a partial overlap region, and the entire forming region cannot be processed by each laser beam. For example, chinese patent 201510104702.9 proposes a method of performing additive manufacturing by using multiple electron beam and laser beam compound scanning, which also uses an array electron beam generator and a laser to improve the forming assembly efficiency and enlarge the forming width, and each energy beam cannot irradiate the whole forming area, and the equipment is complex and the cost is high, and for example, patent 201810403444.8 discloses a method of using multiple lasers to match with multiple galvanometer scanning systems, and similarly, each laser beam scans in a divisional manner, and there is a part of overlap area between scanning sections. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to develop a low cost multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks or needs for improvement in the prior art, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for multi-beam additive manufacturing, which are based on the characteristics of the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing, and research and design an apparatus and a method for multi-beam additive manufacturing with low cost and high efficiency. The equipment adopts a method that a regular pyramid uniform light splitting system is combined with a scanning system, a high-power laser beam is uniformly split into a plurality of laser beams through the vertex of the regular pyramid, each laser beam is emitted through the side surface of the pyramid, and finally, irradiation powder is emitted from a corresponding light outlet through a corresponding beam expanding collimation and scanning system and a corresponding focusing system, so that the simultaneous scanning processing of a plurality of laser beams is realized.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus, including an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generation and control module, the laser beam generation and control module being disposed opposite to the additive manufacturing device, the additive manufacturing device including a forming platform and a forming cylinder, the forming cylinder being connected to the forming platform;
the laser beam generating and controlling module comprises a laser, a plurality of beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems, a plurality of focusing systems, a plurality of light outlets, a regular pyramid lens and a mounting platform, wherein the bottom surface of the regular pyramid lens is arranged on the mounting platform and is opposite to the laser; the laser is arranged above the regular pyramid lens; the plurality of beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the regular pyramid lens; the focusing system is positioned between the beam expanding, collimating and scanning system and the light outlet, and the focusing system is positioned below the beam expanding, collimating and scanning system;
the laser is used for emitting a laser beam to the regular pyramid mirror; the regular pyramid lens is used for uniformly dividing the laser beam into a plurality of laser beams; and a plurality of laser beams sequentially pass through the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the focusing systems and the light outlets respectively and then irradiate the powder on the forming platform simultaneously so as to perform selective laser melting forming.
Further, the central axis of the laser coincides with the central axis of the regular pyramid.
Further, the number of the beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems, the number of the focusing systems and the number of the light outlets are the same.
Further, the regular pyramid is a regular n-pyramid, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.
Further, the regular pyramid lens is a regular triangular pyramid lens, a regular quadrangular pyramid lens or a regular pentagonal pyramid lens.
Further, the angle of the inclination angle α of the regular pyramid is 0< α <90 °.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a multi-beam additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
(1) providing the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment, and vacuumizing or filling inert gas into the inner cavity of the forming cylinder;
(2) laying a layer of powder on the forming platform in advance;
(3) the laser emits a laser beam, the laser beam is uniformly divided into a plurality of laser beams by the regular pyramid lens, the plurality of laser beams respectively pass through the plurality of beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the plurality of focusing systems and the plurality of light outlets in sequence, and are irradiated on the powder to perform selective laser melting forming, and after the forming of the current layer is finished, the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer thickness height;
(4) and (5) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until the forming of the solid part is completed.
Further, the range size of the scanning area of the laser beams is adjusted by adopting the regular pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, so that each divided laser beam can independently perform independent full-coverage scanning processing on the forming area or perform subarea scanning processing on the forming area.
Further, the kind of the regular pyramid is determined by the number of laser beams required.
Further, the inclination angle of the regular pyramid is 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, or 75 °.
Generally, compared with the prior art, through the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention, the multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method provided by the present invention mainly have the following beneficial effects:
1. the regular pyramid lens is used for evenly dividing the laser beam into a plurality of laser beams, the plurality of laser beams are sequentially and respectively passed through the beam expanding collimation and scanning system, the focusing system and the focusing system are multiple, the light outlet is simultaneously irradiated after the light outlet, powder on the forming platform is melted and formed in a laser selecting area mode, multiple-beam simultaneous processing is realized by adopting a light splitting mode of the regular pyramid lens, each laser beam can scan the whole forming breadth, and meanwhile, each laser beam can be independently/cooperatively operated, so that the cost is reduced, the efficiency and the flexibility are improved, and the applicability is strong.
2. The invention adopts the light splitting method to divide a single high-power laser beam into a plurality of laser beams for simultaneous processing, compared with the traditional single-beam forming device, the multi-beam simultaneous scanning processing greatly improves the forming efficiency of the device, and meanwhile, the multi-beam laser scanning processing obviously expands the size of the forming breadth; on the other hand, in the existing laser additive manufacturing equipment, the power of the laser is generally about 60% of the total power when in use, the energy utilization rate is not high, and by the light splitting method, each laser beam can reach over 90% of the utilization rate, and compared with the energy utilization rate of a single laser beam, the energy utilization rate of the single laser beam is improved.
3. The invention can realize the simultaneous processing of multiple beams by adopting single high-power laser beam input (one laser), and compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of easy realization, strong controllability, capability of reducing the number of the lasers by multiple times and lower manufacturing cost.
4. The invention adopts the pyramid mirror matched with the scanning system to carry out multi-beam simultaneous scanning processing, can quickly adjust the size of the formed breadth by controlling the side inclination angle of the pyramid mirror, realizes the quick adjustment of large, medium and small breadth, and has simple and convenient operation.
5. The invention adopts the regular pyramid lens with completely consistent side surface to perform uniform light splitting, so the beam quality of each laser beam is almost completely the same, no regional difference exists when processing parts, the consistency and the excellence of the performance of the whole parts are ensured, and the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment is difficult to ensure that the laser emitted by a plurality of lasers is completely consistent, thereby causing the difference of different positions of the formed parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic shaping diagram of a multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus provided in a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser beam generation and control module of the multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of fig. 1;
fig. 3 (a), (b), and (c) are respectively schematic structural diagrams of three types of pyramid mirrors involved in an additive manufacturing apparatus for multiple light beams provided by a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 (a), (b), (c) are schematic views of the three kinds of pyramid lenses of FIG. 3 along another angle, respectively;
fig. 5 (a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams of three tilted-angle pyramid mirrors involved in a multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic scanning view of the two tilted pyramid mirrors of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an entire column structure of a multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which four groups of single laser beams are divided into ten laser beams.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-a first laser beam generation and control module, 1 '-a second laser beam generation and control module, 1 "-a third laser beam generation and control module, 1"' -a fourth laser beam generation and control module, 1"" -a fifth laser beam generation and control module, 2-a first laser beam, 2 '-a second laser beam, 2 "-a third laser beam, 2'" -a fourth laser beam, 3-a shaping platform, 4-a powder feeding mechanism, 5-a powder recovery mechanism, 6-a powder spreading shaft, 7-a shaping zone, 8-a shaping cylinder, 9-a laser, 10-a first beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10 '-a second beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10 "-a third beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10'" -a fourth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10' -a fifth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 10' -a sixth beam expanding collimation and scanning system, 11-a first focusing system, 11' -a second focusing system, 11' -a third focusing system, 11' -a fourth focusing system, 12-beam splitting regular square pyramid mirror, 12' -a first beam splitting regular pyramid mirror, 12' -a second beam splitting regular pyramid mirror, 12' -a third beam splitting regular pyramid mirror, 13-a first light outlet, 13' -a second light outlet, 13' -a third light outlet, 13' -a fourth light outlet, 14-a mounting platform, 15-a first scanning format, 16-a second scanning format.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention is configured with a beam expanding collimating and scanning system and a focusing system corresponding to the beam expanding collimating and scanning system in a beam splitting manner of a pyramid lens, so as to achieve the purpose of fast scanning, processing and shaping of multiple beams. The invention realizes the function of one-to-many or multi-to-many by adopting the mode of uniform light splitting of the pyramid mirror, thereby not only improving the forming efficiency, but also realizing the multi-beam rapid forming of large-size parts. Compared with the existing multi-beam additive manufacturing method, the method has the advantages of less input beams, easier realization, lower cost and stronger controllability. On the other hand, the method can control the size of the laser scanning breadth by controlling the inclination angle of the pyramid lens, and can meet the processing requirements of different forming breadths.
The additive manufacturing equipment comprises a laser beam generation and control module, a forming platform 3, a powder feeding mechanism 4, a powder recovery mechanism 5, a powder paving shaft 6 and a forming cylinder 8, wherein the forming platform 3 is arranged on the forming cylinder 8, the powder paving shaft 6 is arranged on the forming platform 3, the forming cylinder 8 and the powder paving shaft 6 are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the forming platform 3, and the powder paving shaft 6 is positioned at one end of the forming platform 3. The powder recovery mechanism 5 is connected to the forming table 3, and is disposed opposite to the forming cylinder 8. The powder feeding mechanism 4 is arranged above the powder paving shaft 6, and the powder feeding mechanism 4 is arranged close to the powder paving shaft 6. The forming platform 3 is provided with a forming area 7, and the forming area 7 is positioned in the middle of the forming platform 3. The laser beam generating and controlling module is located above the forming area 7, and is used for generating a laser beam, dividing the laser beam into a plurality of laser beams uniformly, expanding and focusing each laser beam, and further realizing multi-beam scanning processing on parts by the laser beams.
In this embodiment, the powder feeding mechanism 4 is used for feeding powder to the powder feeding shaft 6, and the powder recovery mechanism 5 is used for recovering and temporarily storing the remaining powder on the forming platform 3; the powder feeding mechanism 4, the powder paving shaft 6, the forming platform 3, the forming cylinder 8 and the powder recovery mechanism 5 form an additive manufacturing device; the equipment is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment, and oxidation of materials can be effectively prevented.
The laser beam generating and controlling module comprises a laser 9, a first beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10, a second beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', a third beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', a fourth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', a first focusing system 11, a second focusing system 11', a third focusing system 11', a fourth focusing system 11', a first beam splitting regular four-pyramid mirror 12, a first light outlet 13, a second light outlet 13', a third light outlet 13', a fourth light outlet 13', and a mounting platform 14.
The bottom surface of the first light splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12 is arranged on the mounting platform 14, the laser 9 is arranged above the first light splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12, and the central axis of the laser coincides with the central axis of the first light splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12. The first beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10, the second beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', the third beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10 ″ and the fourth beam expanding device and scanning system 10 ″ are respectively disposed around the first light splitting regular pyramid mirror 12, and are uniformly arranged around the central axis of the first light splitting regular pyramid mirror 12. In this embodiment, the first beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10, the second beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', the third beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10 ″ and the fourth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10' ″ are respectively disposed opposite to the four pyramid mirror surfaces of the first light splitting regular quadrangular pyramid mirror 12.
The first beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10, the first focusing system 11 and the first light outlet 13 are arranged from top to bottom at intervals along the vertical direction, and the central axis of the first beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10, the central axis of the first focusing system 11 and the central axis of the first light outlet 13 are overlapped.
The second beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', the second focusing system 11' and the second light outlet 13 'are arranged from top to bottom at intervals along the vertical direction, and the central axis of the second beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', the central axis of the second focusing system 11 'and the central axis of the second light outlet 13' coincide.
The third beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10", the third focusing system 11", and the third light outlet 13 "are arranged from top to bottom at intervals along the vertical direction, and the central axis of the third beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10", the central axis of the third focusing system 11", and the central axis of the third light outlet 13" coincide.
The fourth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10'", the fourth focusing system 11'" and the fourth light outlet 13 '"are arranged at intervals from top to bottom along the vertical direction, and a central axis of the fourth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10'", a central axis of the fourth focusing system 11 '"and a central axis of the fourth light outlet 13'" coincide.
The powder feeding mechanism 4 feeds powder to the powder spreading shaft 6, and a layer of powder with a preset thickness is uniformly spread on the surface of the forming area 7 by the powder spreading shaft 6. The laser 9 emits a high power laser beam, the high power laser beam enters the first light splitting regular pyramid mirror 12, the first light splitting regular pyramid mirror 12 is used for splitting the high power laser beam into four identical laser beams, and the four laser beams are split into a first laser beam 2, a second laser beam 2', a third laser beam 2 ″ and a fourth laser beam 2' ″. The first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2 ″ and the fourth laser beam 2' "enter the first beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10, the second beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10', the third beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10" and the fourth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10' ", respectively, and then enter the first light outlet 13, the second light outlet 13', the third light outlet 13" and the fourth light outlet 13' "through the first focusing system 11, the second focusing system 11', the third focusing system 11" and the fourth focusing system 11' ", respectively, and are emitted to the shaping region 7 through the first light outlet 13, the second light outlet 13', the third light outlet 13" and the fourth light outlet 13' ", respectively. And according to the current layer slicing pattern, melting/sintering the preset powder layer after the first laser beam 2, the second laser beam 2', the third laser beam 2' and the fourth laser beam 2' are simultaneously melted, descending the forming cylinder 8 by one layer thickness height after forming is finished, and repeating the steps until the preparation of the part is finished.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, except for a positive pyramid mirror. The pyramid mirror of the manufacturing equipment can be any one of a light-splitting regular triangular pyramid mirror 12', a light-splitting regular hexagonal pyramid mirror 12' and a light-splitting regular pentagonal pyramid mirror 12 '; in theory, the pyramid mirror may be an N-pyramid mirror.
When the pyramid lens is a triangular pyramid lens, the pyramid lens can divide one laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into three laser beams; when the pyramid is a pentapyramid, the pyramid may divide one laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into five laser beams; when the pyramid is an n-shaped pyramid, the pyramid may divide one laser beam emitted by the laser 9 into n laser beams. The output of any number of laser beams can be realized by adjusting the type of the pyramid lens.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, a multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the main difference is an angle of the pyramid. The pyramid mirrors may be a first prismatic regular pyramid mirror 12"", a second prismatic regular pyramid mirror 12'", and a third prismatic regular pyramid mirror 12'", each of which has an inclination angle of 45 °, 60 °, and 75 °, and theoretically, the inclination angle of the pyramid mirror may be any value of 0< α <90 °.
The high-power laser beam emitted by the laser 9 is incident from the vertex of the pyramid mirror, the laser beam is still divided into four laser beams under the action of the pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, but the emergent direction of each laser beam is different, and then the scanning range of the laser beam is changed under the action of the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the focusing system, namely the size of the formed breadth can be adjusted by adopting different inclination angles of the regular pyramid mirrors.
Referring to fig. 6, laser beams respectively pass through a first beam splitting forward pyramid mirror 12"" and a second beam splitting forward pyramid mirror 12'"", and irradiate the powder on the forming platform 3 through a corresponding fifth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10"" and a corresponding sixth beam expanding, collimating and scanning system 10' "", so as to obtain a first scanned breadth 15 and a second scanned breadth 16, where the first scanned breadth 15 and the second scanned breadth 16 have different sizes.
Referring to fig. 7, a multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and mainly differs in the number of laser beam generation and control modules. The present embodiment includes four laser beam generating and controlling modules, which are a second laser beam generating and controlling module 1', a third laser beam generating and controlling module 1", a fourth laser beam generating and controlling module 1'", and a fifth laser beam generating and controlling module 1 "". The second laser beam generation and control module 1', the third laser beam generation and control module 1", the fourth laser beam generation and control module 1"' and the fifth laser beam generation and control module 1"", which form an array, and respectively form 10 laser beams under the action of the corresponding pyramid mirrors, and simultaneously select regions to be melted, scanned and formed, wherein the 10 laser beams are the same.
In this embodiment, the laser beams obtained from the same laser beam generation and control module are completely identical, and the number of the laser beams generated by each laser beam generation and control module may be the same or different.
The invention also provides a multi-beam additive manufacturing method, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) providing the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment as described above, and vacuumizing or filling the molding cavity of the manufacturing equipment with inert gas. Therefore, the powder is not oxidized when interacting with the laser in the forming process.
(2) Under the action of the powder laying shaft, a layer of powder is laid in advance in the forming area 7 of the forming platform 3.
(3) The laser emits a laser beam, the laser beam sequentially passes through the pyramid lens, the beam expanding collimation and scanning system, the focusing system and the light outlet, and is irradiated on the powder to perform selective laser melting forming, and after the current layer is formed, the forming cylinder descends by one layer thickness height.
Specifically, the laser emits a laser beam, and the laser beam passes through the vertex of the pyramid lens and is evenly divided into a plurality of laser beams under the action of the regular pyramid lens; and then, the laser beams are respectively emitted from a plurality of side surfaces of the regular pyramid lens, and the laser beams are emitted from a plurality of light outlets after passing through a plurality of groups of corresponding beam expanding collimation and scanning systems and a plurality of focusing systems. Finally, a plurality of laser beams simultaneously carry out single/cooperative scanning processing on the whole breadth, and after the formation of the current layer is finished, the forming cylinder descends by one layer thickness height.
(4) And (5) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until the forming of the solid part is completed.
In the present embodiment, the material of the powder includes metal materials such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and copper alloy, and non-metal materials such as ceramics, polymer materials, and composite materials; the pyramid mirrors adopt regular triangular pyramids, regular rectangular pyramids, regular pentagonal pyramids to regular N pyramids, and proper pyramid mirrors are selected according to the number of required laser beams; the beam expanding collimation and scanning system and the focusing system group are determined according to the number of the split beams and are in one-to-one correspondence; the inclination angle of the regular pyramid lens can determine the range size of the scanning area, and can be 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees and the like; each laser beam can carry out independent full-coverage scanning processing on the forming area, and can also carry out subarea scanning processing on the forming area.
Wherein, the simultaneous scanning processing mode for realizing n laser beams can be as follows: (1) the single high-power laser beam is split by an N pyramid mirror to form N laser beams which are output simultaneously; (2) multiple high-power laser beams pass through multiple groups of light splitting devices comprising pyramid mirrors to form n laser beams which are output simultaneously.
According to the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and the method, the multi-beam simultaneous processing is realized by the multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment through the pyramid mirror light splitting mode, the forming efficiency of the additive manufacturing technology is improved, the size of a formed part is enlarged, each beam of laser can realize full-width scanning processing, the large, medium and small-width surfaces can be quickly adjusted, the operation is simple and convenient, the cost is low, and the forming efficiency is high. In addition, any number of laser beam outputs can be realized by changing the types of the pyramid mirrors, and the scanning range of the laser can be changed by changing the inclination angles of the pyramid mirrors, so that the large, medium and small-breadth adjustment can be realized. The process of forming the parts by the method is carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment, and the oxidation of materials can be effectively prevented.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that:
the equipment comprises an additive manufacturing device and at least one laser beam generating and controlling module, wherein the laser beam generating and controlling module is arranged opposite to the additive manufacturing device, the additive manufacturing device comprises a forming platform (3) and a forming cylinder (8), and the forming cylinder (8) is connected to the forming platform (3);
the laser beam generating and controlling module comprises a laser (9), a plurality of beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems, a plurality of focusing systems, a plurality of light outlets, a regular pyramid and a mounting platform (14), wherein the bottom surface of the regular pyramid is arranged on the mounting platform (14) and is opposite to the laser (9); the laser (9) is arranged above the regular pyramid mirror; the plurality of beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the regular pyramid lens; the focusing system is positioned between the beam expanding, collimating and scanning system and the light outlet, and the focusing system is positioned below the beam expanding, collimating and scanning system;
the laser (9) is used for emitting a laser beam to the regular pyramid mirror; the regular pyramid lens is used for uniformly dividing the laser beam into a plurality of laser beams; and a plurality of laser beams sequentially pass through the beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the focusing systems and the light outlets respectively and then irradiate the powder on the forming platform (3) simultaneously so as to perform selective laser melting forming.
2. The multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the central axis of the laser (9) is superposed with the central axis of the regular pyramid.
3. The multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the number of the beam expanding, collimating and scanning systems, the number of the focusing systems and the number of the light outlets are the same.
4. The multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the regular pyramid is a regular n pyramid, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.
5. The multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the regular pyramid lens is a regular triangular pyramid lens, a regular quadrangular pyramid lens or a regular pentagonal pyramid lens.
6. The multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the angle of the inclination angle alpha of the regular pyramid is 0< alpha <90 deg.
7. A multiple beam additive manufacturing method, comprising:
(1) providing the multiple beam additive manufacturing apparatus of any of claims 1-6 and evacuating or filling the inner cavity of the forming cylinder (8) with an inert gas;
(2) laying a layer of powder on the forming platform (3) in advance;
(3) the laser (9) emits a laser beam, the laser beam is uniformly divided into a plurality of laser beams by the regular pyramid lens, the plurality of laser beams respectively pass through the plurality of beam expanding collimation and scanning systems, the plurality of focusing systems and the plurality of light outlets in sequence, and are irradiated on the powder to perform selective laser melting forming, and after the forming of the current layer is finished, the forming cylinder (8) descends by one layer thickness height;
(4) and (5) repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until the forming of the solid part is completed.
8. The multiple beam additive manufacturing method of claim 7 wherein: the range size of the scanning area of the laser beam is adjusted by adopting the regular pyramid mirrors with different inclination angles, so that each divided laser beam can independently carry out independent full-coverage scanning processing on the forming area or subarea scanning processing on the forming area.
9. The multiple beam additive manufacturing method of claim 7 wherein: the kind of the regular pyramid is determined by the number of laser beams required.
10. The multiple beam additive manufacturing method of claim 7 wherein: the inclination angle of the regular pyramid is 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees or 75 degrees.
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| CN201910901361.6A CN110614766A (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2019-09-23 | Multi-beam additive manufacturing equipment and method |
| PCT/CN2020/116823 WO2021057724A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2020-09-22 | Multi-beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method |
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