WO2021031485A1 - 声学装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

声学装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031485A1
WO2021031485A1 PCT/CN2019/127841 CN2019127841W WO2021031485A1 WO 2021031485 A1 WO2021031485 A1 WO 2021031485A1 CN 2019127841 W CN2019127841 W CN 2019127841W WO 2021031485 A1 WO2021031485 A1 WO 2021031485A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
cavity
acoustic device
protective cover
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/127841
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张军
陈阿亮
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021031485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031485A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of acoustics, and more specifically, to an acoustic device and an electronic device equipped with the acoustic device.
  • an acoustic system with a traditional structure includes a closed box and a sound unit arranged on the closed box. A cavity is formed between the closed box and the sound unit. Because of the cavity in the acoustic system Due to the limited volume, it is difficult for acoustic systems, especially small acoustic systems, to achieve satisfactory bass reproduction. Conventionally, in order to achieve satisfactory bass reproduction in an acoustic system, two methods are usually used. One is to install sound-absorbing materials (such as activated carbon, zeolite, etc.) in the cabinet of the acoustic system for adsorption or desorption. The gas in the body has the effect of increasing the volume and reducing the low-frequency resonance frequency.
  • sound-absorbing materials such as activated carbon, zeolite, etc.
  • the other is to install a passive radiator on the box of the acoustic system (Prior Art 2), as shown in Figure 1, where 10 is sound
  • the unit, 20 is the box of the acoustic system
  • 30 is the passive radiator
  • the sound unit and the passive radiator radiate sound to the outside at the same time, using the principle of strong resonance between the passive radiator and the box at a specific frequency point fp (resonance frequency),
  • the sound waves of the sounding unit and the passive radiator are connected and superimposed to enhance the local sensitivity near the resonance frequency point fp (for example, see patent CN1939086A).
  • the first solution to add sound-absorbing materials to the cabinet requires a good sealing and packaging of the sound-absorbing materials.
  • the passive radiator Near the resonance frequency point fp, the passive radiator radiates strongly and the sound unit is almost stopped. Therefore, the high sensitivity design of the passive radiator can realize the acoustic system in the frequency band near fp The local sensitivity is enhanced; but in the frequency band below fp, the passive radiator and the sound unit have opposite phases of sound waves, and the sound waves cancel each other out.
  • the passive radiator has a negative effect on the sensitivity of the acoustic system.
  • Fig. 2 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between prior art 2 and prior art 1. Therefore, it is necessary to make further improvements to the defects in the prior art.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic device that effectively reduces the resonant frequency and greatly improves the low-frequency sensitivity of the product as a whole.
  • an acoustic device including:
  • a sounding unit the sounding unit includes a vibrating diaphragm, the acoustic device is provided with a sound outlet, and the sound waves on the front side of the vibrating diaphragm are radiated to the outside through the sound outlet;
  • the rear side of the vibrating diaphragm forms a first sealed cavity, and a mounting hole is opened on the cavity wall of the first sealed cavity, and a flexible deformation part is provided on the mounting hole, and the first sealed cavity
  • a second airtight cavity is provided, the flexible deformation part is located between the first airtight cavity and the second airtight cavity, and the second airtight cavity encloses the sound waves generated by the flexible deformation part during deformation.
  • the second closed cavity In the second closed cavity;
  • the mounting hole is also provided with a protective cover located on the outside of the flexible deformation part, the protective cover includes a fixing surface, a protective surface and a connecting wall, the fixing surface and the protective surface are located on different planes, so The fixed surface and the protective surface are connected by the connecting wall, the fixed surface is connected with the cavity wall, and an escape space is formed between the protective surface and the flexible deformable portion;
  • the protective surface and/or the connecting wall are provided with vent holes, and the protective cover is provided with a dust-proof net covering the vent holes, and the dust-proof net includes and The top surface portion having the same shape, and the side surface portion corresponding to the connecting wall and having the same shape.
  • the shape of the dust-proof net is consistent with the shape of the protective cover, and further includes a bottom surface portion corresponding to the fixing surface and consistent in shape.
  • the dust-proof net and the protective cover are formed separately and then pasted and assembled together;
  • the protective cover is formed first, and the dust-proof net is pasted or hot pressed to cover the outer or inner surface of the protective cover to form.
  • the dust-proof net is arranged on the outer side of the protective cover, and the top surface of the dust-proof net is not higher than the top surface of the cavity wall.
  • the wall of the mounting hole is provided with a pallet recessed toward the direction of the first sealed cavity
  • the fixing surface of the protective cover plate is fixed on the pallet.
  • an air flow channel is formed between the connecting wall and the side wall of the pallet.
  • the angle between the connecting wall and the protective surface is greater than 90°.
  • the cavity wall includes a first wall and a second wall connected to the first wall, the mounting hole is located on the first wall, and the first wall is further provided with A through groove formed by a recess in the direction of the first closed cavity, and the through groove penetrates the mounting hole and the outer surface of the second wall.
  • At least one side wall of the connecting wall close to the through groove is provided with a vent hole.
  • one or two large holes are opened on a side wall of the connecting wall close to the through groove, and the total length of the large holes exceeds one third of the length of the side wall;
  • one large hole or two large holes are opened on one side wall close to the through groove and one side wall far from the through groove of the connecting wall, and the total number of large holes on each side wall is The length exceeds one third of the length of the side wall.
  • the protective cover is made of stainless steel
  • the thickness of the protective cover plate is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
  • the edge portion of the flexible deformable portion is first connected to the fixing surface of the protective cover, and then fixed to the pallet together.
  • the protective cover is first fixed on the cavity wall, and the flexible deformable portion is fixed to the cavity wall from the inner side of the cavity wall;
  • the protective cover plate is adhesively fixed on the cavity wall, or the protective cover plate is fixed on the cavity wall by injection molding.
  • the flexible deformable portion includes a body portion, which has a flat-plate structure; or at least an edge portion of the body portion is provided with protrusions; or at least an edge portion of the body portion is a wave-shaped structure;
  • the flexible deformable part further includes a composite sheet combined with the center of the main body, the main body has a sheet-like overall structure or the center of the main body is hollowed out.
  • At least a part of the housing of the electronic device for installing the acoustic device is used to form the first sealed cavity and/or the second sealed cavity.
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing, the sound generating unit is mounted on the first housing to form a sound generating assembly, and the vibration diaphragm of the sound generating unit and the first housing form the In the first sealed cavity, the mounting hole is opened on the first housing, and the flexible deformable portion is provided on the mounting hole;
  • the acoustic device includes a second housing, the sound generating assembly is installed in the second housing, the second sealed cavity is formed between the second housing and the first housing, and the first The second casing is the casing of the electronic device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device that includes a housing of the electronic device and the above-mentioned acoustic device installed in the housing.
  • the acoustic device can effectively reduce the resonant frequency and greatly increase the overall resonance frequency. Low-frequency sensitivity of the product.
  • a first closed cavity is formed on the back side of the vibrating diaphragm in the acoustic device, a flexible deformable part is provided on the mounting hole of the cavity wall of the first closed cavity, and a flexible deformation part is provided outside the first closed cavity.
  • the flexible deformable part deforms with the sound pressure, and the volume of the first closed cavity is adjustable, thereby increasing the first closed cavity Equivalent sound compliance effectively reduces the resonance frequency of the acoustic device and improves low-frequency sensitivity; and through the isolation design of the sound unit and the flexible deformation part, the radiated sound wave of the flexible deformation part is enclosed inside the acoustic device to avoid the reverse phase radiation of the flexible deformation part
  • the sound waves have a negative effect on the sound waves radiated in the forward direction of the sound unit, thereby greatly improving the low-frequency sensitivity of the product as a whole.
  • a protective cover plate is provided on the outside of the flexible deformable part.
  • the protective cover plate has high strength and can be made very thin without excessively occupying the Z-axis space of the product, and is used to avoid the outside world during transportation or assembly. The environment causes damage or membrane rupture to the flexible deformable part.
  • the protective surface of the protective cover and/or the connecting wall is provided with vent holes, the protective cover does not isolate the outer space of the flexible deformation part from the second closed cavity, and the vent holes can achieve flexible deformation Pressure balance during internal vibration.
  • a dust-proof net covering the ventilation holes is provided on the protective cover, and the dust-proof net includes a top surface portion corresponding to the protective surface and consistent in shape, and corresponding to the connecting wall And the side part of the same shape.
  • the shape of the dust-proof net is consistent with the general shape of the protective cover, the processing and manufacturing are simple, and it is easy to assemble with the protective cover, and the protective effect is better.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic device with a passive radiator in prior art 2.
  • Fig. 2 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between an acoustic device with a passive radiator in prior art 2 and an acoustic device with a traditional structure in prior art 1.
  • Fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3B is an enlarged schematic diagram of a part of the structure in Fig. 3A.
  • Fig. 3C is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the flexible deformable part in Fig. 3A.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded structure diagram of the first housing, the flexible deformable part, the protective cover, and the dust-proof net in Fig. 3A.
  • Fig. 5 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between an acoustic device according to an embodiment of the present invention and an acoustic device with a traditional structure in the prior art 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between an acoustic device according to an embodiment of the present invention and an acoustic device provided with a passive radiator in prior art 2.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device using an acoustic device according to the present invention.
  • an acoustic device 100 includes a sound emitting unit 1.
  • the sound emitting unit 1 is a miniature sound emitting unit. More specifically, the sound emitting unit 1 is a miniature moving coil speaker.
  • the sound unit 1 generally includes a housing and a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system accommodating and fixed in the housing.
  • the vibration system includes a vibration diaphragm 11 fixed on the housing and a voice coil combined with the vibration diaphragm 11.
  • the magnetic circuit system is formed with A magnetic gap, the voice coil is arranged in the magnetic gap, and the voice coil reciprocates up and down in the magnetic field after the alternating current is applied, thereby driving the vibrating diaphragm 11 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the acoustic device is provided with a sound outlet 4, the sound waves on the front side of the vibrating diaphragm 11 are radiated to the outside through the sound outlet 4, and the sound waves on the back side of the vibrating diaphragm 11 are kept inside the acoustic device.
  • a cavity is formed between the vibrating diaphragm 11 and the casing and the magnetic circuit system.
  • a rear sound hole is opened on the casing or the magnetic circuit system or between the two. The sound waves on the rear side of the vibrating diaphragm 11 will pass through the rear sound. The hole enters the interior of the acoustic device.
  • the vibration direction of the vibrating diaphragm 11 of the sound generating unit 1 is parallel to the thickness direction of the acoustic device, which is beneficial to the thin design of the acoustic device.
  • a first sealed cavity 21 is formed on the rear side of the vibrating diaphragm 11, and a mounting hole is opened on the cavity wall of the first sealed cavity 21, and a flexible deformation is provided on the mounting hole.
  • the portion 22 is provided with a second sealed cavity 31 outside the first sealed cavity 21, and the flexible deformable portion 22 is located between the first sealed cavity 21 and the second sealed cavity 31.
  • the internal sound pressure of the first airtight cavity 21 changes, and the flexible deformable portion 22 deforms as the sound pressure changes in the first airtight cavity 21, which affects the first airtight cavity 21.
  • the airtight cavity 21 performs a flexible adjustment of the volume; the second airtight cavity 31 encloses the sound waves generated by the flexible deformable portion 22 during deformation in the second airtight cavity 31.
  • the electronic device 5 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, etc. That is, part or all of the cavity wall of the first airtight cavity 21 is formed by the housing of the electronic device, or part or all of the cavity wall of the second airtight cavity 31 is formed by the housing of the electronic device, or, Part or all of the cavity walls of the first sealed cavity 21 and the second sealed cavity 31 are constituted by the housing of the electronic device.
  • the housing of the electronic device doubles as the cavity wall of the first sealed cavity and/or the second sealed cavity, which can make full use of the space inside the electronic device, while saving a part of the space occupied by the cavity wall, which is more beneficial to the electronic device
  • the thin design
  • the “closed” described in the present embodiment and the present invention can be a fully closed physical structure or a relatively closed state.
  • the first closed cavity may include opening based on product usage requirements.
  • the pressure equalizing hole 23 or other open-hole structures that balance the internal and external air pressure and have no significant effect on the rapid change of sound pressure are also regarded as a closed cavity.
  • the second airtight cavity may include gaps generated when combined with the first airtight cavity, as well as gaps of its own structure, etc., which can effectively isolate the sound waves generated by the flexible deformable part, and have no significant impact on the sound waves generated by the sound unit , Also regarded as a closed cavity.
  • the total area of the above-mentioned openings or gaps does not exceed 20mm 2 .
  • the mounting hole is also provided with a protective cover 27 located outside the flexible deformable portion 22, and a protective cover 27 is formed between the protective cover 27 and the flexible deformable portion 22 to avoid the flexible deformed portion.
  • the part 22 vibration avoidance space.
  • the protective cover plate can be made of one of steel sheets, FR-4 sheets, PET sheets, PEN sheets, carbon fiber sheets, ceramic sheets, etc.
  • the protective cover plate 27 is made of high strength and Stainless steel material that is not easily corroded, and other metal materials with good properties can also be used.
  • the protective cover 27 has high strength and can be made very thin. For example, the thickness of the protective cover 27 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm, or even less than or equal to 0.1 mm. Therefore, the protective cover 27 does not occupy too much space on the Z axis of the product, and can be During transportation or assembling, the external environment can avoid damage or membrane rupture of the flexible deformable portion 22.
  • the aforementioned protective cover 27 includes a fixed surface 273, a protective surface 271 and a connecting wall 272.
  • the fixed surface 273 is located outside the protective surface 271.
  • the fixed surface 273 and the protective surface 271 are located on different planes.
  • the protective surface 271 is connected by the connecting wall 272, and the fixing surface 273 is connected to the cavity wall. This "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection.
  • the protective surface 271 is connected to the flexible deformable portion 22. Form a avoidance space between.
  • the protective surface 271 and/or the connecting wall 272 is provided with a vent 274, the protective cover 27 will not isolate the outer space of the flexible deformable portion 22 from the second closed cavity 31, and the vent 274 can be realized The pressure during the vibration of the flexible deformable part 22 is balanced.
  • both the protective surface 271 and the connecting wall 272 are provided with ventilation holes 274.
  • a dust-proof net 28 covering the vent 274 is provided on the protective cover 27.
  • the shape of the dust-proof net 28 may be consistent with most of the shape of the protective cover 27, at least including a top surface portion 281 corresponding to the protective surface 271 and consistent in shape, and a connecting wall 272 Corresponding and uniformly shaped side portions 282.
  • the shape of the dust-proof net 28 is consistent with the shape of the protective cover 27, and further includes a bottom surface portion 283 corresponding to the fixing surface 273 and consistent in shape.
  • the dust-proof net 28 may specifically be a nylon mesh cloth or a non-woven fabric, or a dust-proof net of other known materials.
  • the dust-proof net 28 and the protective cover 27 form almost full coverage, which has a good shielding effect on the ventilation holes 274 and improves the protective effect. Moreover, the shape of the dust-proof net 28 is consistent with most of the shapes of the protective cover 27, The processing is simple, and it is easy to assemble with the protective cover plate 27, and the protective effect is better.
  • the dust-proof net 28 and the protective cover 27 are formed separately and then glued and assembled together to form a protective cover assembly. In this way, the protective cover 27 and the dust-proof net 28 are easily aligned. Quasi-formed, deducting component quality.
  • the protective cover 27 is formed first, and the dust-proof net 28 is pasted or thermally pressed to cover the outer surface or the inner surface of the protective cover 27 to form a protective cover assembly.
  • the above-mentioned components can form a standard module, which is conducive to the centralized arrangement of production on the production line, improving efficiency, and reducing assembly complexity.
  • the dust-proof net 28 is arranged on the outer side of the protective cover to avoid the possibility of warping of the dust-proof net 28 after long-term use, which may affect the vibration of the flexible deformed portion 22.
  • the top surface portion 281 of the dust-proof net 28 is not higher than the top surface of the cavity wall, and the protective cover assembly itself is not easy to come into contact with other components, which can achieve a better protective effect.
  • a pallet 24 recessed in the direction of the first closed cavity 21 may be provided on the wall of the mounting hole, and the fixing surface 273 of the protective cover plate can be fixed to the pallet 24 Above, it can be fixed by applying glue or double-sided tape.
  • the edge portion of the flexible deformable portion 22 is connected to the fixing surface 273 of the protective cover 27 and then fixed to the pallet 24 together.
  • the flexible deformable portion 22 is first combined with the protective cover 27.
  • the flexible deformed portion 22 is made of soft material.
  • the protective cover 27 plays a role in supporting and shaping the flexible deformed portion 22, which can prevent the flexible deformed portion 22 from deforming causing abnormal size. Causes poor performance, optimizes the assembly process, can realize automatic feeding, and improves production efficiency.
  • the sound unit 1 can be installed on the cavity wall of the first airtight cavity 21 first, and then the cavity wall of the first airtight cavity 21 is assembled, and then the flexible deformable portion 22 and the protective cover
  • the plate 27 is assembled on the cavity wall, which can effectively prevent the equipment, tooling, and environment from damaging the flexible deformed part 22 during the assembly process.
  • the protective cover 27 is first fixed on the cavity wall, and the flexible deformable portion 22 is fixed to the cavity wall from the inner side of the cavity wall. In this way, it is possible to avoid dirt or damage to the flexible deformable portion 22 caused by glue or equipment during the assembly process of the protective cover 27.
  • the protective cover 27 may be fixed on the cavity wall by bonding, or the protective cover 27 may be fixed on the cavity wall by injection molding to achieve an integrated combination and improve the firmness of the combination. It also realizes automatic assembly and improves efficiency.
  • an airflow channel is formed between the connecting wall 272 of the protective cover 27 and the side wall of the pallet 24, and the airflow channel can communicate with the vent 274 on the protective cover 27 and the second closed cavity. Prevent the ventilation hole 274 from being blocked by other components and losing the air pressure balance.
  • the angle between the connecting wall 272 and the protective surface 271 is greater than 90° to increase the width of the air flow channel.
  • the cavity wall of the first airtight cavity 21 includes a first wall 261 and a second wall 262 connected to the first wall 261, the mounting hole is located on the first wall 261, and the The first wall 261 is further provided with a through groove 25 recessed in the direction of the first sealed cavity 21, and the through groove 25 penetrates the mounting hole and the outer surface of the second wall 262.
  • the above design allows the sound waves generated by the vibration of the flexible deformable portion 22 to pass through the vent 274 on the protective cover 27 and then through the through groove 25 to the second closed cavity 31, or to allow the sound waves generated by the vibration of the flexible deformable portion 22 to pass through
  • the air-permeable holes 274 on the protective cover 27 and the above-mentioned air flow channels are further transmitted to the second enclosed cavity 31 through the through groove 25, which can prevent the side of the protective cover 27 facing the second enclosed cavity 31 from being affected by the second enclosed cavity during assembly.
  • Other parts in 31 block and cannot achieve good ventilation effect, which leads to the problem of reduced sensitivity enhancement or failure in low frequency bands.
  • the shape of the vent 274 is not limited, and can be designed in any shape such as a circle, a square, an ellipse, and the like.
  • the ventilation holes 274 on the protective surface are round holes.
  • At least one side wall of the connecting wall 272 close to the through groove 25 is provided with a vent hole.
  • the ventilation holes and the through grooves 25 are arranged directly opposite to each other, so that the air flow generated by the vibration of the flexible deformable portion can enter and exit the second closed cavity 31 more directly, thereby achieving a better air pressure balance effect.
  • the area of a single vent on the connecting wall 272 is larger than the area of a single vent on the protective surface 271, and the vent of the protective surface is made smaller, so that the strength of the protective surface can be minimized to ensure protection As a result, the vent holes on the connecting wall 272 are made larger, which can improve the air pressure equalization effect.
  • one or two large holes 275 are formed on a side wall of the connecting wall 272 close to the through groove 25, which is specifically designed in a long strip shape.
  • the total length of the large holes 275 exceeds One third of the length of the side wall.
  • one large hole 275 or two large holes 275 are opened on a side wall of the connecting wall 272 close to the through groove 25 and a side wall away from the through groove 25, and each side wall
  • the total length of the large holes 275 exceeds one third of the length of the side wall.
  • the structure with large holes 275 on the two side walls can make the air flow in and out more balanced, and ensure that the flexible deformable part will not be polarized.
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing 2, the sound generating unit 1 is mounted on the first housing 2 to form a sound generating assembly, and the vibration diaphragm 11 of the sound generating unit 1 is connected to the
  • the first airtight cavity 21 is formed between the first housing 2, the mounting hole is opened on the first housing 2, the flexible deformable portion 22 is provided on the mounting hole, the mounting hole and
  • the flexible deformable portion 22 is not limited to one group, and multiple groups may be provided at different positions of the first housing 2.
  • the acoustic device includes a second housing 3, the sound generating component is installed in the second housing 3, and the second sealed cavity 31 is formed between the second housing 3 and the first housing 1. Wherein, when there are other components in the second housing 3, the second sealed cavity 31 is actually constituted by the gap between the components and the second housing 3 and the first housing 2.
  • the sound generating unit 1 is arranged inside the first housing 2, and the two form an integral structure, and then are assembled with the second housing 3.
  • the first housing 2 is provided with an opening, and the space on the front side of the diaphragm communicates with the opening, and the sound is radiated to the sound outlet 4 of the acoustic device through the opening.
  • the acoustic device is installed in an electronic device such as a mobile phone, and the housing of the electronic device doubles as the second housing 3 of the acoustic device.
  • the space between the housing and internal components of the electronic device and the first housing 2 of the acoustic device forms a second closed cavity 31, the second housing of the acoustic device itself is omitted, and the housing components of the electronic device are fully utilized
  • the gap space between the two can realize the maximized design of the second closed cavity 31.
  • the first housing 2 includes a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall connected between the top wall and the bottom wall, wherein the top wall Or the bottom wall is the first wall 261 and the side wall is the second wall 262.
  • the top wall is the first wall 261
  • the mounting hole is located on the top wall
  • the top wall around the mounting hole is provided with a recess formed in the direction toward the first closed cavity 21
  • the pallet 24, the flexible deformable portion 22 is fixed to the bottom of the groove of the pallet 24, and the top wall is also provided with a through groove 25 recessed in the direction of the first closed cavity 21, the The through groove 25 penetrates the pallet 24 and the outer surface of the side wall.
  • the side wall is the first wall
  • the top wall or the bottom wall is the second wall
  • the mounting hole, the pallet 24 and the through groove are provided on the side wall, and the through groove penetrates the pallet 24 and the top.
  • the flexible deformable portion 22 includes a body portion 221.
  • the body portion 221 may be a single-layer structure made of one of polymer plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, and silicone rubber, or may be Multi-layer structure, at least one layer in the multi-layer structure is made of one of polymer plastic, thermoplastic elastomer and silicone rubber.
  • the body portion 221 may be a flat structure, and the flat structure is beneficial to reduce the height of the flexible deformable part 22 and reduce the occupied space of the flexible deformable part 22.
  • the body portion 221 may also have a partially convex or concave structure, such as a central portion convex, an edge convex, or a combination of a central convex and an edge convex, or, at least the main body 221
  • the edge part has a wavy structure. In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG.
  • the edge portion of the body portion 221 is provided with a protrusion 222, and the protrusion 222 extends from the first airtight cavity 21 toward the second airtight cavity 31 Or, the protrusion 222 protrudes from the second airtight cavity 31 toward the first airtight cavity 21, the protrusion structure can provide greater elastic deformation and increase the flexible deformation portion
  • the vibration displacement of 22 improves the volume adjustment effect of the first closed cavity 21.
  • a composite sheet 223 may be superimposed on the center position of the main body 221 of the flexible deformable part 22.
  • the strength of the composite sheet 223 is higher than that of the main body 221, and may be metal, plastic, or carbon fiber. Or its composite structure and so on.
  • the main body 221 of the flexible deformable part 22 can be a sheet-like overall structure, or it can be hollowed out at the center of the main body 221, and the hollow is closed by the composite sheet 223, and the hollowed out structure of the main body 221 of the flexible deformable part 22 only retains the edges.
  • the edge portion may be a flat plate, a convex shape toward one side, or a wave shape.
  • the flexible deformable portion 22 can be integrated with other parts of the first housing 2.
  • the flexible deformable portion 22 can be made first, and then the flexible deformed portion 22 is integrally injection molded as an insert into other parts of the housing . It is also possible that the flexible deformable portion 22 is fixedly connected to the first housing part around the mounting hole by bonding, welding or hot melting.
  • the main bodies of the first sealed cavity 21 and the second sealed cavity 31 extend along the horizontal direction formed by the length and width of the acoustic device.
  • the horizontal direction may also be defined by a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the acoustic device.
  • the horizontal direction generally refers to the direction parallel to the horizontal plane when the acoustic device is placed on a horizontal plane, and the two chambers are arranged along the horizontal direction, so as not to occupy the space in the height direction of the acoustic device as much as possible, which is beneficial to the thin design of the product .
  • the second housing 3 has a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall connecting the top wall and the bottom wall, and the sound outlet 4 of the acoustic device is provided on the top wall, the bottom wall or the side wall of the second housing.
  • the sound outlet 4 is provided on the top wall of the second housing, and a pressure equalizing hole 23 is provided on the first closed cavity 21.
  • the flexible deforming portion 22 in the acoustic device, by providing a flexible deforming portion 22, the flexible deforming portion 22 is deformed with sound pressure, and the volume of the first sealed cavity 21 is adjustable, thereby increasing the equivalent sound of the first sealed cavity 21 Smoothly, effectively reduce the resonance frequency of the acoustic device and improve the low-frequency sensitivity;
  • the second closed cavity 31 isolates the sound radiation generated during the deformation of the flexible deformation part 22, and seals the radiated sound waves of the flexible deformation part 22 inside the acoustic device to avoid flexible deformation
  • the anti-phase radiated sound waves of the part 22 have a canceling effect on the forward radiated sound waves of the sound generating unit 1, thereby greatly improving the low-frequency sensitivity of the product as a whole.
  • the volume of the second sealed cavity 31 is greater than the volume of the first sealed cavity 21, which can make the deformation of the flexible deformable portion 22 easier, which is more conducive to increasing the equivalent sound of the first sealed cavity 21 and effectively reducing the acoustics.
  • the resonance frequency of the device improves the low frequency sensitivity.
  • the compliance of the acoustic device is formed by the parallel connection of the sound generating unit and the enclosed cavity in the box.
  • the fs formula of the prior art 1 is as follows:
  • fs the resonance frequency of the acoustic device
  • Cas the equivalent sound of the sound unit
  • Cab the equivalent sound of the air in the cabinet
  • Mac the equivalent sound quality of the vibration system of the sound unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows the loudness test of prior art 2 acoustic device with passive radiator and prior art 1 acoustic device with traditional structure at different frequencies
  • Curve (SPL curve) a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between the acoustic device of this embodiment and the acoustic device of prior art 1.
  • the sounding unit is connected in parallel with a passive radiator/flexible deforming part 22 The compliance of the resulting increase in the final equivalent compliance, thereby reducing F0.
  • the fs formulas of prior art 2 and this embodiment are as follows:
  • fs the resonance frequency of the acoustic device
  • Cas the equivalent sound of the sounding unit
  • Cab the equivalent sound of the air in the first airtight cavity
  • Mac the equivalent sound quality of the vibration system of the sounding unit
  • Cap passive radiation Body/flexible deformation equivalent sound compliance.
  • the sound unit and the passive radiator radiate to the outside at the same time.
  • the sound waves At frequencies below the resonance point fp, the sound waves have opposite phases, and the sound pressure cancels each other out.
  • the passive radiator has a negative effect on the sensitivity of the acoustic system.
  • FIG. 6 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies between the acoustic device of this embodiment and the acoustic device of the prior art 2 with passive radiators.
  • SPL curve test curve
  • the second airtight cavity 31 retains the sound waves generated on the back side of the diaphragm of the acoustic device inside the acoustic device.
  • the second airtight cavity 31 removes the sound generated by the flexible deformation part 22.
  • the pressure isolation prevents the anti-phase radiated sound waves generated by the deformation of the flexible deforming part 22 from canceling the forward radiated sound waves of the sound unit, thereby greatly improving the low-frequency sensitivity of the product as a whole.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that, in this embodiment, there are a plurality of sound generating units 1 and the first airtight cavity 21 corresponding to each other, and the second airtight cavity 31 is provided with one.
  • the cavity wall of the cavity 21 is provided with a flexible deformable portion 22 and a protective cover 27, and the protective cover 27 is covered with a dust-proof net 28.
  • the acoustic device in this embodiment includes two sound generating units 1, and two first airtight cavities 21 are correspondingly designed at the same time, the second airtight cavity 31 is one, and the walls of the two first airtight cavities 21 are A flexible deformable part 22 and a protective cover 27 are respectively designed, and the protective cover 27 is covered with a dust-proof net 28.
  • This design can facilitate the realization of applications in the case of an acoustic device or system that requires multiple sound emitting units 1, such as stereo or array design requirements.
  • At least two groups of one-to-one corresponding flexible deformable portions 22, protective cover 27, and dust-proof net may be provided on the same side wall or on different side walls. 28.
  • This embodiment discloses an electronic device 5. As shown in FIG. 7, the acoustic device 100 in the above embodiment is installed on the electronic device 5.
  • the electronic device 5 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook, or the like.
  • the electronic device 5 specifically includes a housing of the electronic device, and at least a part of the housing of the electronic device is used to form the first sealed cavity 21 and/or the second sealed cavity 31 of the acoustic device. That is, part or all of the cavity wall of the first airtight cavity 21 is formed by the housing of the electronic device, or part or all of the cavity wall of the second airtight cavity 31 is formed by the housing of the electronic device, or, Part or all of the cavity walls of the first sealed cavity 21 and the second sealed cavity 31 are constituted by the housing of the electronic device.
  • the housing of the electronic device doubles as the cavity wall of the first airtight cavity 21 and/or the second airtight cavity 31, which can make full use of the space inside the electronic device, while saving a part of the space occupied by the cavity wall, which is more beneficial to Thin design of electronic equipment.
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing 2, the sound generating unit 1 is mounted on the first housing 2 to form a sound generating assembly, and the vibration diaphragm 11 of the sound generating unit 1 is connected to the
  • the first airtight cavity 21 is formed between the first housing 2, a mounting hole is opened on the first housing 2, and a flexible deformable portion 22 and a protective cover 27 are provided on the mounting hole.
  • the plate 27 is covered with a dust-proof net 28, the mounting holes, the flexible deformable portion 22, and the protective cover are not limited to one set, and multiple sets can be set at different positions of the first housing 2.
  • the acoustic device further includes a second housing 3, the sound generating component is installed in the second housing 3, and the second airtightness is formed between the second housing 3 and the first housing 1. Cavities 31.
  • the second housing 3 is a housing of an electronic device. In fact, the space between the housing of the electronic equipment and the internal components and the first housing 2 of the acoustic device forms a second closed cavity 31, and the housing of the electronic equipment doubles as the second housing 3 of the acoustic device, which is omitted
  • the second housing of the acoustic device makes full use of the gap space between the housing components of the electronic device, and can realize the maximum design of the second sealed cavity 31, which is beneficial to the thin design of the electronic device.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种声学装置,包括：发声单元，其振动膜片前侧的声波通过出声口对外辐射；所述振动膜片后侧形成第一密闭腔，所述第一密闭腔的腔体壁上开设有安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有柔性形变部，在所述第一密闭腔的外侧设有第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；在所述安装孔上还设有位于所述柔性形变部的外侧的防护盖板，包括固定面、保护面和连接壁，所述固定面与所述腔体壁连接；所述保护面和/或所述连接壁上设有透气孔，在所述防护盖板上设有覆盖住所述透气孔的防尘网，所述防尘网的形状与所述防护盖板的形状基本一致。本发明中的声学装置可以有效降低谐振频率，整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。

Description

声学装置及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及声学技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种声学装置及安装有该声学装置的电子设备。
背景技术
一般而言，传统结构的声学***(现有技术1)包括封闭箱体和设置在封闭箱体上的发声单元，封闭箱体与发声单元之间形成腔室，由于声学***中的的腔室的容积限制，声学***尤其是小型声学***很难实现能令人满意地再现低音的效果。常规地，为了在声学***中实现令人满意的低音再现，通常采用两种手段，一种是将吸音材料(例如活性炭、沸石等)设置于声学***的箱体内，用于吸附或脱附箱体内的气体，起到容积增大进而降低低频谐振频率的效果，另一种是在声学***的箱体上设置被动辐射体(现有技术2)，例如图1所示，其中，10为发声单元，20为声学***的箱体，30为被动辐射体，发声单元和被动辐射体同时对外辐射声音，利用被动辐射体与箱体在特定频点fp(共振频率点)形成强烈共振的原理，将发声单元和被动辐射体两者的声波连通叠加，对共振频率点fp附近局部灵敏度进行增强(例如，参见专利CN1939086A)。但是上述两种手段均存在问题，第一种在箱体中添加吸音材料的方案，需要实现吸音材料的良好密封封装，否则如果吸音材料进入扬声器单元，则损害扬声器单元的声学性能，影响扬声器单元的使用寿命；第二种采用被动辐射体的方案，在共振频率点fp附近，被动辐射体强烈辐射，发声单元近乎停止，因此可以通过被动辐射体的高灵敏度设计，在fp附近频段实现声学***的局部灵敏度增强；但在fp以下频段，被动辐射体与发声单元声波相位相反，声波相互抵消，被动辐射体对声学***灵敏度起负面作用。总言之，被动辐射体只能提升共振点附近频段的灵敏度，不能对全部低频段有所提升。如图2所示，图2是现有技术2与现有技 术1在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。所以有必要对现有技术存在的缺陷做进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种有效降低谐振频率，整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度的声学装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案是：一种声学装置,包括：
发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；
所述振动膜片后侧形成第一密闭腔，所述第一密闭腔的腔体壁上开设有安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有柔性形变部，在所述第一密闭腔的外侧设有第二密闭腔，所述柔性形变部位于所述第一密闭腔和所述第二密闭腔之间，所述第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；
在所述安装孔上还设有位于所述柔性形变部的外侧的防护盖板，所述防护盖板包括固定面、保护面和连接壁，所述固定面和保护面位于不同的平面，所述固定面和保护面通过所述连接壁连接，所述固定面与所述腔体壁连接，所述保护面与所述柔性形变部之间形成避让空间；
所述保护面和/或所述连接壁上设有透气孔，在所述防护盖板上设有覆盖住所述透气孔的防尘网，所述防尘网包括与所述保护面对应且形状一致的顶面部分，以及与所述连接壁对应且形状一致的侧面部分。
优选的，所述防尘网的形状与所述防护盖板的形状一致，还包括与所述固定面对应且形状一致的底面部分。
优选的，所述防尘网与所述防护盖板先分别成型然后再粘贴组装在一起；
或者，所述防护盖板先成型，所述防尘网粘贴或热压覆盖在所述防护盖板的外表面或内表面而成型。
优选的，所述防尘网设于所述防护盖板的外侧，所述防尘网的顶面部分不高于所述腔体壁的顶表面。
优选的，所述安装孔的孔壁上设有朝向所述第一密闭腔的方向凹陷形成的托台；
所述防护盖板的固定面固定在所述托台上。
优选的，所述连接壁与所述托台的侧壁之间形成气流通道。
优选的，所述连接壁与所述保护面的夹角大于90°。
优选的，所述腔体壁包括第一壁和与所述第一壁连接的第二壁，所述安装孔位于所述第一壁上，在所述第一壁上还设有朝向所述第一密闭腔的方向凹陷形成的贯穿槽，所述贯穿槽贯通所述安装孔与所述第二壁外表面。
优选的，所述连接壁至少靠近所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上设有透气孔。
优选的，所述连接壁的靠近所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上开设有一个或两个大孔，所述大孔的总长度超过所述侧壁长度的三分之一；
或者，所述连接壁的靠近所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上以及远离所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上均开设有一个大孔或两个大孔，每个侧壁上的大孔的总长度超过该侧壁长度的三分之一。
优选的，所述防护盖板为不锈钢材质；
所述防护盖板的厚度小于等于0.2mm。
优选的，所述柔性形变部的边缘部分先与所述防护盖板的固定面连接后，再一起固定到所述托台上。
优选的，所述防护盖板先固定在所述腔体壁上，所述柔性形变部从所述腔体壁的内侧固定到所述腔体壁上；
所述防护盖板粘接固定在所述腔体壁上，或者，所述防护盖板注塑固定在所述腔体壁上。
优选的，所述柔性形变部包括本体部，所述本体部为平板状结构；或者所述本体部的至少边缘部分设有凸起；或者所述本体部的至少边缘部分为波浪形结构；
所述柔性形变部还包括结合于所述本体部的中心位置的复合片，所述本体部为片状的整体结构或者所述本体部的中心位置镂空。
优选的，用于安装声学装置的电子设备的壳体的至少一部分用于形成所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔。
优选的，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔，在所述第一壳体上开设有所述安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有所述柔性形变部；
所述声学装置包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔，所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括电子设备的壳体和安装于所述壳体内的上述的声学装置，该声学装置能够有效降低谐振频率，整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
本发明所提供的技术方案，声学装置中振动膜片后侧形成第一密闭腔，在第一密闭腔的腔体壁的安装孔上覆盖设置柔性形变部，在第一密闭腔的外侧还设有用于封闭柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波的第二密闭腔，通过设置柔性形变部，柔性形变部随着声压产生变形，第一密闭腔的容积大小可调，从而增加第一密闭腔等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度；并通过对发声单元和柔性形变部隔离设计，将柔性形变部的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
并且，本发明技术方案中，在柔性形变部的外侧设置防护盖板，防护盖板强度高可以做的很薄，不会过多占用产品Z轴空间，用于在运输或组装过程中避免外界环境对柔性形变部造成损伤或破膜问题。
进一步的，在防护盖板的所述保护面和/或所述连接壁上设有透气孔，防护盖板不会将柔性形变部的外侧空间与第二密闭腔隔离，透气孔可以实现柔性形变部振动过程中的压力平衡。
进一步的，在所述防护盖板上设有覆盖住所述透气孔的防尘网，所述防尘网包括与所述保护面对应且形状一致的顶面部分，以及与所述连接壁对应且形状一致的侧面部分。所述防尘网的形状与所述防护盖板的大致形状一致，加工制作简单，且容易与防护盖板进行组装，防护效果更好。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是现有技术2设置被动辐射体的声学装置的结构示意图。
图2是现有技术2设置被动辐射体的声学装置与现有技术1传统结构的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。
图3A是根据本发明的一个实施例的声学装置的结构示意图。
图3B是图3A中部分结构的放大示意图。
图3C是图3A中柔性形变部的放大结构示意图。
图4是图3A中第一壳体和柔性形变部、防护盖板、防尘网的分解结构示意图。
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的声学装置与现有技术1传统结构的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。
图6是根据本发明的一个实施例的声学装置与现有技术2中设置被动辐射体的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。
图7是根据本发明使用声学装置电子设备的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100、声学装置；1、发声单元；11、振动膜片；2、第一壳体；21、第一密闭腔；22、柔性形变部；221、本体部；222、凸起；223、复合片；23、均压孔；24、托台；25、贯穿槽；261、第一壁；262、第二壁；27、防护盖板27；271、保护面；272、连接壁；273、固定面；274、透气孔；275、大孔；28、防尘网；281、顶面部分；282、侧面部分；283、底面部分；3、第二壳体；31、第二密闭腔；4、出声口；5、电子设备。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到： 除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
实施例一:
如图3A-图4所示，一种声学装置100,包括发声单元1，其中，本实施例中，发声单元1为微型发声单元，更具体的，发声单元1为微型的动圈式扬声器。发声单元1一般包括外壳和容置固定在外壳中的振动***和磁路***，振动***包括固定在外壳上的振动膜片11和结合在振动膜片11上的音圈，磁路***形成有磁间隙，音圈设置于该磁间隙中，音圈通入交流电后在磁场中做上下往复运动，从而带动振动膜片11振动发声。
在声学装置上设置有出声口4，振动膜片11前侧的声波通过出声口4对外辐射，振动膜片11后侧的声波留置于声学装置内部。振动膜片11与外壳和磁路***之间形成有腔室，一般在外壳上或者磁路***上或者两者之间开设有后声孔，振动膜片11后侧的声波会通过该后声孔进入声学装置的内部。本实施例中，发声单元1的振动膜片11的振动方向平行于声学装置的厚度方向，有利于声学装置的薄型化设计。
进一步的，本实施例中，振动膜片11后侧形成密闭的第一密闭腔21，所述第一密闭腔21的腔体壁上开设有安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有柔性形变部22，在所述第一密闭腔21的外侧设有第二密闭腔31，所述柔性形变部22位于所述第一密闭腔21和所述第二密闭腔31之间。
当所述振动膜片11振动时，所述第一密闭腔21的内部声压发生变化， 所述柔性形变部22随第一密闭腔21内的声压变化而产生形变，对所述第一密闭腔21进行容积大小的柔性调节；所述第二密闭腔31将所述柔性形变部22在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔31内。
本实施例中，用于安装声学装置的电子设备的壳体的至少一部分用于形成所述第一密闭腔21和/或所述第二密闭腔31。其中，电子设备5可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。即，第一密闭腔21的腔体壁的部分或全部是由电子设备的壳体构成，或者，第二密闭腔31的腔体壁的部分或全部是由电子设备的壳体构成，或者，第一密闭腔21和第二密闭腔31的腔体壁的部分或全部由电子设备的壳体构成。本发明中，电子设备的壳体兼做第一密闭腔和/第二密闭腔的腔体壁，能够充分利用电子设备内部的空间，同时节约一部分腔体壁占用的空间，更加有利于电子设备的薄型化设计。
需要说明的是，本实施例及本发明中所描述的“封闭”，可以是物理结构上的全封闭，也可以是相对密闭状态，例如，第一密闭腔，可以包括基于产品使用要求，开设的起到平衡内外气压且对声压快速变化没有显著影响的均压孔23，或者其他开孔结构，也视为密闭腔。又例如第二密闭腔，可以包括与第一密闭腔组合时产生的缝隙等，以及其自身结构的缝隙等，它们能够将柔性形变部产生的声波有效隔离，对发声单元产生的声波没有明显影响，也视为密闭腔。一般情况下，上述开孔或缝隙的总面积不超过20mm 2。
进一步的，在所述安装孔上还设有位于所述柔性形变部22的外侧的防护盖板27，所述防护盖板27与所述柔性形变部22之间形成用于避让所述柔性形变部22振动的避让空间。所述防护盖板可以采用钢片、FR-4片、PET片、PEN片、碳纤维片、陶瓷片等中的一种材料制成，本具体实施例中，防护盖板27采用强度较高且不易被腐蚀的不锈钢材质，另外还可以采用其他性能良好的金属材料。防护盖板27强度高可以做的很薄，例如所述防护盖板27的厚度小于等于0.2mm，甚至可以小于等于0.1mm,因此防护盖板27不会过多占用产品Z轴空间，可以在运输或组装过程中避免外界环境对柔性形变部22造成损伤或破膜问题。
上述的防护盖板27包括固定面273、保护面271和连接壁272，固定面273位于保护面271的外侧设置，所述固定面273和保护面271位于不同的 平面，所述固定面273和保护面271通过所述连接壁272连接，所述固定面273与所述腔体壁连接，此“连接”可以是直接连接也可以是间接连接，所述保护面271与所述柔性形变部22之间形成避让空间。进一步的，所述保护面271和/或所述连接壁272上设有透气孔274，防护盖板27不会将柔性形变部22的外侧空间与第二密闭腔31隔离，透气孔274可以实现柔性形变部22振动过程中的压力平衡。在一个具体实施例中，所述保护面271和所述连接壁272上均设有透气孔274。
在所述防护盖板27上设有覆盖住透气孔274的防尘网28。具体的，所述防尘网28的形状可以与所述防护盖板27的大部分形状一致，至少包括与所述保护面271对应且形状一致的顶面部分281，以及与所述连接壁272对应且形状一致的侧面部分282。更进一步的，所述防尘网28的形状与所述防护盖板27的形状一致，还包括与所述固定面273对应且形状一致的底面部分283。防尘网28具体可以采用尼龙网布或无纺布，或者其他公知材料的防尘网。防尘网28与防护盖板27近乎形成全覆盖，对透气孔274的遮挡效果好，提高防护效果，并且，所述防尘网28的形状与所述防护盖板27的大部分形状一致，加工制作简单，且容易与防护盖板27进行组装，防护效果更好。
作为一个具体实施例，所述防尘网28与所述防护盖板27先分别成型然后再粘贴组装在一起形成一个防护盖板组件，此种方式，防护盖板27与防尘网28容易对准成型，提成组件质量。作为另一具体实施例，所述防护盖板27先成型，所述防尘网28粘贴或热压覆盖在所述防护盖板27的外表面或内表面而成型，形成防护盖板组件。上述的组件可以形成标准模块，有利于产线集中安排生产、提高效率，降低组装复杂度。
在一个具体实施例中，所述防尘网28设于所述防护盖板的外侧，避免防尘网28长时间使用后可能发生翘边影响柔性形变部22的振动。所述防尘网28的顶面部分281不高于所述腔体壁的顶表面，防护盖板组件自身不易与其他部件产生接触，能够实现更好的防护效果。
为了方便安装，可以在所述安装孔的孔壁上设有朝向所述第一密闭腔21的方向凹陷形成的托台24，将所述防护盖板的固定面273固定在所述托 台24上，具体可以采用涂胶或双面胶的方式进行固定。
作为一种具体实施例，所述柔性形变部22的边缘部分先与所述防护盖板27的固定面273连接后，再一起固定到所述托台24上。将柔性形变部22先结合到防护盖板27上，柔性形变部22材质较软，防护盖板27起到了对柔性形变部22支撑定型的作用，可以避免柔性形变部22因变形导致尺寸异常，引起性能不良，又优化了组装工艺，可以实现自动上料，提高了生产效率。
在上述的结构设计基础上，可以先将发声单元1安装到第一密闭腔21的腔体壁上，然后第一密闭腔21的腔体壁实现组装后，再将柔性形变部22和防护盖板27组装到腔体壁上，可有效避免组装过程中设备、工装、环境对被柔性形变部22造成损伤。
作为另一种实施例，所述防护盖板27先固定在所述腔体壁上，所述柔性形变部22从所述腔体壁的内侧固定到所述腔体壁上。此种方式，可以避免防护盖板27组装过程中胶水或设备造成柔性形变部22的脏污或损伤。具体的，所述防护盖板27可以通过粘接方式固定在所述腔体壁上，或者，所述防护盖板27注塑固定在所述腔体壁上，实现一体化结合，可以提高结合牢固度，并且实现自动化组装，提高效率。
作为一个实施例，在所述防护盖板27的连接壁272与所述托台24的侧壁之间形成气流通道，气流通道可以连通防护盖板27上的透气孔274与第二密闭腔，避免透气孔274被其他零部件遮挡而失去气压平衡作用。
具体的，所述连接壁272与所述保护面271的夹角大于90°，以增大气流通道的宽度。
进一步的，所述第一密闭腔21的腔体壁包括第一壁261和与所述第一壁261连接的第二壁262，所述安装孔位于所述第一壁261上，在所述第一壁261上还设有朝向所述第一密闭腔21的方向凹陷形成的贯穿槽25，所述贯穿槽25贯通所述安装孔与所述第二壁262外表面。上述设计，使得柔性形变部22振动产生的声波可以通过防护盖板27上的透气孔274进而通过贯穿槽25传递到第二密闭腔31里，或者，使得柔性形变部22振动产生的声波可以通过防护盖板27上的透气孔274、上述气流通道进而通过贯穿槽25传递到第二密闭腔31里，可以避免在装配时，防护盖板27朝向第二密闭腔 31的一面被第二密闭腔31中的其他零部件阻挡而不能实现好的透气效果，导致低频段灵敏度提升幅度降低或失效的问题。
透气孔274的形状不做限定，可以是圆形、方形、椭圆等任意形状设计。在本具体实施例中，保护面上的透气孔274为圆孔。
具体的，在所述连接壁272至少靠近所述贯穿槽25的一个侧壁上设有透气孔。透气孔与贯穿槽25正对设置，可以使得柔性形变部振动产生的气流能够更直接的进出第二密闭腔31，实现更好的气压均衡效果。
进一步的，所述连接壁272上的单个透气孔的面积大于所述保护面271上的单个透气孔的面积，保护面的透气孔做的较小，可以尽量不减弱保护面的强度，保证防护效果，连接壁272上的透气孔做大，可以提高气压均衡效果。
在一个具体实施例中，所述连接壁272的靠近所述贯穿槽25的一个侧壁上开设有一个或两个大孔275，具体为长条形设计，所述大孔275的总长度超过所述侧壁长度的三分之一。或者，所述连接壁272的靠近所述贯穿槽25的一个侧壁上以及远离所述贯穿槽25的一个侧壁上均开设有一个大孔275或两个大孔275，每个侧壁上的大孔275的总长度超过该侧壁长度的三分之一。两个侧壁上开设大孔275的结构，能够使气流进出更加均衡，保证柔性形变部不会出现偏振。
作为一种具体实施例，所述声学装置包括第一壳体2，所述发声单元1安装在所述第一壳体2上形成发声组件，所述发声单元1的振动膜片11与所述第一壳体2之间形成所述第一密闭腔21，在所述第一壳体2上开设有所述安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有所述柔性形变部22，安装孔和柔性形变部22不限于一组，可以在第一壳体2的不同位置设置多组。所述声学装置包括第二壳体3，所述发声组件安装于第二壳体3内，所述第二壳体3与所述第一壳体1之间形成所述第二密闭腔31。其中，在第二壳体3内还存在其他零部件的情况下，第二密闭腔31实际上由零部件与第二壳体3和第一壳体2之间的间隙构成。
本实施例中，发声单元1设置在第一壳体2的内部，两者形成一个整体结构，然后与第二壳体3进行装配。第一壳体2上设有开口，振膜前侧空间 与该开口连通，通过该开口将声音辐射到声学装置的出声口4。
在一个实施例中，声学装置安装于手机等电子设备中，且电子设备的壳体兼做声学装置的第二壳体3。电子设备的壳体与内部零部件以及与声学装置的第一壳体2之间的空间形成第二密闭腔31，省略了声学装置自身的第二壳体，充分利用了电子设备壳体零部件之间的间隙空间，可以实现第二密闭腔31的最大化设计。
结合图4所示，在一个具体实施例中，所述第一壳体2包括顶壁、底壁和连接于所述顶壁和所述底壁之间的侧壁，其中，所述顶壁或所述底壁为所述第一壁261，所述侧壁为所述第二壁262。本具体实施例中，顶壁为第一壁261，所述安装孔位于所述顶壁上，所述安装孔周边的所述顶壁上设有朝向所述第一密闭腔21的方向凹陷形成的托台24，所述柔性形变部22固定于所述托台24的槽底，在所述顶壁上还设有朝向所述第一密闭腔21的方向凹陷形成的贯穿槽25，所述贯穿槽25贯通所述托台24与所述侧壁外表面。在其他实施例中，还可以是，侧壁为第一壁，顶壁或者底壁为第二壁，安装孔、托台24和贯穿槽开设在侧壁上，贯穿槽贯穿托台24和顶壁/底壁的外表面。
当声学装置在工作状态下，当振动膜片11向下振动压缩振动膜片11后侧的容积时，声压会通过第一密闭腔21传递至柔性形变部22，柔性形变部22会朝向第一密闭腔21外侧来扩张形变；反之，当振膜向上振动时，柔性形变部22会向内收缩形变，从而对第一密闭腔21的容积进行调节，从而增加第一密闭21腔等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度；并通过对发声单元1和柔性形变部22隔离设计，将柔性形变部22的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部22的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元1的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
具体的，柔性形变部22包括本体部221，所述本体部221可以是单层结构，所述单层结构由高分子塑料、热塑性弹性体和硅橡胶中的一种材料制成，也可以是多层结构，所述多层结构中的至少一层为高分子塑料、热塑性弹性体和硅橡胶中的一种材料制成。
所述本体部221可以是平板状结构，平板状结构有利于降低所述柔性形变件22的高度，减小柔性形变部22的占用空间。所述本体部221还可以是部分凸起或凹陷的结构，例如中心部凸起、边缘部凸起，或者中心部凸起加边缘部凸起相结合的结构，再或者，本体部221的至少边缘部分为波浪形结构。在一个具体实施例中，结合图3B所示，所述本体部221的边缘部分设有一个凸起222，所述凸起222由所述第一密闭腔21朝向所述第二密闭腔31的方向凸出；或者，所述凸起222由所述第二密闭腔31朝向所述第一密闭腔21的方向凸出，通过凸起结构，可以提供更大的弹性形变，增大柔性形变部22的振动位移，提高对第一密闭腔21的容积调节效果。进一步的，为了提升振动效果，还可以在柔性形变部22的本体部221的中心位置上叠加一复合片223，该复合片223的强度高于本体部221的强度，可以是金属、塑料、碳纤维或者是其复合结构等等。另外柔性形变部22的本体部221可以是片状的整体结构，也可以是本体部221的中心位置镂空，通过复合片223来封闭镂空，柔性形变部22的本体部221中间镂空结构只保留边缘部的情况下，边缘部可以是平板状或者朝一侧凸起的形状、或者为波浪形。
作为具体的实施例，柔性形变部22可以与第一壳体2的其他部分一体结合，可以先制作柔性形变部22，然后把柔性形变部22作为嵌件一体注塑成型于壳体的其他部分中。也可以是，柔性形变部22与安装孔周边的第一壳体部分通过粘接、焊接或热熔方式固定连接。
本实施例中，第一密闭腔21和第二密闭腔31的主体沿声学装置的长和宽构成的水平方向延伸，该水平方向也可以用垂直于声学装置厚度方向的方向来定义。该水平方向一般是指声学装置放于一个水平面时，平行于该水平面的方向，两个腔室沿该水平方向设置，尽量不占用声学装置的高度方向上的空间，有利于产品的薄型化设计。
第二壳体3具有顶壁、底壁和连接该顶壁和底壁的侧壁，声学装置的出声口4设于第二壳体的顶壁、底壁或者侧壁上。如图3所示，本实施例中，出声口4设于第二壳体的顶壁上，在第一密闭腔21上设有均压孔23。
本实施例的技术方案，声学装置中，通过设置柔性形变部22，柔性形变部22随着声压产生形变，第一密闭腔21的容积大小可调，从而增加第一密闭腔 21等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度；通过第二密闭腔31来隔绝柔性形变部22形变过程中产生的声音辐射，将柔性形变部22的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部22的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元1的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
并且，本实施例中第二密闭腔31的容积大于第一密闭腔21的容积，可以使柔性形变部22的变形更加容易，更加有利于增加第一密闭腔21等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度。
现有技术1中，声学装置的顺性由发声单元和箱体内封闭腔的顺性并联而成，现有技术1的fs公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2019127841-appb-000001
其中，fs：声学装置的共振频率；Cas：发声单元的等效声顺；Cab：箱体内空气的等效声顺；Mac：发声单元的振动***等效声质量。
现有技术2和本实施例中，结合图2和图5所示，图2是现有技术2设置被动辐射体的声学装置与现有技术1传统结构的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)，图5是本实施例的声学装置与现有技术1的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)，发声单元因为又并联一个被动辐射体/柔性形变部22的顺性导致最终的等效顺性增大，从而F0降低。现有技术2和本实施例的fs公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2019127841-appb-000002
其中，fs：声学装置的共振频率；Cas：发声单元的等效声顺；Cab：第一密闭腔内空气的等效声顺；Mac：发声单元的振动***等效声质量；Cap：被动辐射体/柔性形变部的等效声顺。
并且，现有技术2中，发声单元和被动辐射体同时对外辐射，在共振点fp以下频率两者声波相位相反，声压相互抵消，被动辐射体对声学*** 灵敏度起负面作用。
进一步的，本实施例中，结合图6所示，图6是本实施例的声学装置与现有技术2的设置被动辐射体的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。通过设置封闭的第二密闭腔31，第二密闭腔31将声学装置振膜膜片后侧产生的声波留置在声学装置的内部，具体是通过第二密闭腔31将柔性形变部22产生的声压隔离，避免柔性形变部22形变产生的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度的提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
实施例二：
本实施例与上述实施例的主要区别在于，本实施例中，发声单元1和第一密闭腔21一一对应设有多个，第二密闭腔31设有一个，每个所述第一密闭腔21的腔体壁上均设有一个柔性形变部22和一个防护盖板27，防护盖板27上覆盖防尘网28。具体的，本实施例中的声学装置包括两个发声单元1，同时分别对应设计有两个第一密闭腔21，第二密闭腔31为一个，两个第一密闭腔21的腔体壁上分别设计有柔性形变部22和防护盖板27，防护盖板27上覆盖防尘网28。这种设计可以便于实现需要多个发声单元1的声学装置或***的情况下的应用，如立体声或阵列形式的设计要求。
在另外的实施例中，在第一密闭腔21的腔体壁上，同一侧壁或者不同的侧壁上可以设置至少两组一一对应的柔性形变部22和防护盖板27、防尘网28。
实施例三：
本实施例公开了一种电子设备5，如图7所示，在电子设备5上安装有上述实施例中的声学装置100，电子设备5可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本等。
电子设备5具体包括电子设备的壳体，所述电子设备的壳体的至少一部分用于形成声学装置的第一密闭腔21和/或第二密闭腔31。即，第一密闭腔21的腔体壁的部分或全部是由电子设备的壳体构成，或者，第二密闭 腔31的腔体壁的部分或全部是由电子设备的壳体构成，或者，第一密闭腔21和第二密闭腔31的腔体壁的部分或全部由电子设备的壳体构成。本发明中，电子设备的壳体兼做第一密闭腔21和/第二密闭腔31的腔体壁，能够充分利用电子设备内部的空间，同时节约一部分腔体壁占用的空间，更加有利于电子设备的薄型化设计。
在该具体实施例中，所述声学装置包括第一壳体2，所述发声单元1安装在所述第一壳体2上形成发声组件，所述发声单元1的振动膜片11与所述第一壳体2之间形成所述第一密闭腔21，在所述第一壳体2上开设有安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有柔性形变部22和防护盖板27，防护盖板27上覆盖防尘网28，安装孔和柔性形变部22、防护盖板不限于一组，可以在第一壳体2的不同位置设置多组。所述声学装置还包括第二壳体3，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体3中，所述第二壳体3与所述第一壳体1之间形成所述第二密闭腔31。其中，所述第二壳体3为电子设备的壳体。实际上，电子设备壳体与内部零部件以及与声学装置的第一壳体2之间的空间形成第二密闭腔31，电子设备的壳体兼做声学装置的第二壳体3，省略了声学装置自身的第二壳体，充分利用了电子设备壳体零部件之间的间隙空间，可以实现第二密闭腔31的最大化设计，有利于电子设备薄型化设计。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种声学装置,包括：
    发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；其特征在于,
    所述振动膜片后侧形成第一密闭腔，所述第一密闭腔的腔体壁上开设有安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有柔性形变部，在所述第一密闭腔的外侧设有第二密闭腔，所述柔性形变部位于所述第一密闭腔和所述第二密闭腔之间，所述第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；
    在所述安装孔上还设有位于所述柔性形变部的外侧的防护盖板，所述防护盖板包括固定面、保护面和连接壁，所述固定面和保护面位于不同的平面，所述固定面和保护面通过所述连接壁连接，所述固定面与所述腔体壁连接，所述保护面与所述柔性形变部之间形成避让空间；
    所述保护面和/或所述连接壁上设有透气孔，在所述防护盖板上设有覆盖住所述透气孔的防尘网，所述防尘网包括与所述保护面对应且形状一致的顶面部分，以及与所述连接壁对应且形状一致的侧面部分。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述防尘网的形状与所述防护盖板的形状一致，还包括与所述固定面对应且形状一致的底面部分。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，
    所述防尘网与所述防护盖板先分别成型然后再粘贴组装在一起；
    或者，所述防护盖板先成型，所述防尘网粘贴或热压覆盖在所述防护盖板的外表面或内表面而成型。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述防尘网设于所述防护盖板的外侧，所述防尘网的顶面部分不高于所述腔体壁的顶表面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，
    所述安装孔的孔壁上设有朝向所述第一密闭腔的方向凹陷形成的托台；
    所述防护盖板的固定面固定在所述托台上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述连接壁与所述托台的侧壁之间形成气流通道。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述连接壁与所述保护面的夹角大于90°。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述腔体壁包括第一壁和与所述第一壁连接的第二壁，所述安装孔位于所述第一壁上，在所述第一壁上还设有朝向所述第一密闭腔的方向凹陷形成的贯穿槽，所述贯穿槽贯通所述安装孔与所述第二壁外表面。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述连接壁至少靠近所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上设有透气孔。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述连接壁的靠近所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上开设有一个或两个大孔，所述大孔的总长度超过所述侧壁长度的三分之一；
    或者，所述连接壁的靠近所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上以及远离所述贯穿槽的一个侧壁上均开设有一个大孔或两个大孔，每个侧壁上的大孔的总长度超过该侧壁长度的三分之一。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述防护盖板采用钢片、FR-4片、PET片、PEN片、碳纤维片、陶瓷片中的一种材料制成。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述防护盖板为不锈 钢材质；
    所述防护盖板的厚度小于等于0.2mm。
  13. 如权利要求5所述的声学装置，其特征在于，
    所述柔性形变部的边缘部分先与所述防护盖板的固定面连接后，再一起固定到所述托台上。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述防护盖板先固定在所述腔体壁上，所述柔性形变部从所述腔体壁的内侧固定到所述腔体壁上；
    所述防护盖板粘接固定在所述腔体壁上，或者，所述防护盖板注塑固定在所述腔体壁上。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部包括本体部，所述本体部为平板状结构；或者所述本体部的至少边缘部分设有凸起；或者所述本体部的至少边缘部分为波浪形结构；
    所述柔性形变部还包括结合于所述本体部的中心位置的复合片，所述本体部为片状的整体结构或者所述本体部的中心位置镂空。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一权利要求所述的声学装置，其特征在于，用于安装声学装置的电子设备的壳体的至少一部分用于形成所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔，在所述第一壳体上开设有所述安装孔，在所述安装孔上设有所述柔性形变部；
    所述声学装置包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔，所述第二壳体为电子 设备的壳体。
  18. 一种电子设备,其特征在于：所述电子设备包括电子设备的壳体和安装于所述壳体内的如权利要求1-17所述的声学装置。
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