WO2020260462A1 - Use of a phosphorus compound as a non-corrosive extreme-pressure and anti-wear additive in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Use of a phosphorus compound as a non-corrosive extreme-pressure and anti-wear additive in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020260462A1
WO2020260462A1 PCT/EP2020/067825 EP2020067825W WO2020260462A1 WO 2020260462 A1 WO2020260462 A1 WO 2020260462A1 EP 2020067825 W EP2020067825 W EP 2020067825W WO 2020260462 A1 WO2020260462 A1 WO 2020260462A1
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electric
sulfur
esters
groups
phosphorus compound
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PCT/EP2020/067825
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French (fr)
Inventor
Shimin Zhang
Hakim EL-BAHI
Julien Guérin
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Total Marketing Services
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Priority to CN202080049712.6A priority Critical patent/CN114096646A/en
Priority to KR1020227001743A priority patent/KR20220047253A/en
Priority to EP20734043.1A priority patent/EP3990590A1/en
Priority to JP2021577602A priority patent/JP2022538638A/en
Priority to MX2021015549A priority patent/MX2021015549A/en
Priority to US17/619,872 priority patent/US20220380697A1/en
Publication of WO2020260462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020260462A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions, more particularly the field of lubricating compositions for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It relates more particularly to the use, in these lubricants, of phosphorus compounds free from sulfur and from an amine function, as anti-wear and extreme pressure additives which are advantageously "non-corrosive".
  • electric vehicle within the meaning of the present invention is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, while a hybrid vehicle comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.
  • propulsion system within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for propelling a vehicle.
  • the propulsion system of an electric vehicle thus more particularly includes an electric motor comprising the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
  • lubricating compositions also called “lubricants”, for the main purposes of reducing the frictional forces between the various parts of the vehicle's propulsion system, especially between moving metal parts in engines.
  • lubricating compositions are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface.
  • a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oil (s) with which are generally associated several additives dedicated to stimulate the lubricating performance of the base oil, but also to provide it with additional performance.
  • antioxidants are considered in order to reduce the wear of parts of the propulsion system, in particular of the mechanical parts of the engine, and thus to prevent degradation of the durability of the engine.
  • anti-wear additives for example, dimercaptothiadiazoles, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins, amine phosphates, or else phospho-sulfur additives, such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
  • anti-wear additives commonly used in lubricants for vehicle engines, such as dimercaptothiadiazoles, zinc dithiophosphate or polysulphides, have the disadvantage of being corrosive.
  • ionic additives such as metal dialkyldithiophosphates reduce the electrical insulating capacity of the fluid.
  • the corrosion problem can be particularly critical in the context of the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles.
  • corrosion can lead to a risk of damage to the winding of the stator and rotor pair, sensors in the propulsion system, solenoid valves in the hydraulic system, but also bearings located between the rotor and the stator of a electric motor, generally copper-based, and therefore particularly susceptible to corrosion, or even seals or varnishes present in the propulsion system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the use of lubricants for motor systems in electric or hybrid vehicles, to prevent the risk of corrosion.
  • the lubricant is a good electrical insulator in order to avoid any failure in the electrical components present.
  • a conductive lubricant can lead to a risk of electric current leakage from the stator and rotor windings, thus reducing the efficiency of the propulsion systems, and creating a possible overheating at the level of the electrical components, even up to 'to deteriorate the system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the use of lubricants for motorization systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, that the lubricants have good properties in terms of electrical insulation, in addition to their non-corrosive properties.
  • the present invention is specifically aimed at providing a means for improving the anti-wear properties of a lubricant intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, while overcoming the corrosion problems encountered in the context of anti-wear. conventionally used wear.
  • the inventors have discovered that it is possible to access a lubricating composition for a propulsion system of electric or hybrid vehicles, exhibiting improved anti-wear properties, without thereby inducing a corrosive effect, by implementing, as antiwear and extreme pressure additives, phosphorus compounds free from sulfur and amine function.
  • the present invention relates, according to a first of its aspects, to the use of at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive in a lubricating composition intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • anti-wear and extreme pressure additive is intended to denote a compound which, used in a lubricating composition, in particular in a lubricating composition for a motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, makes it possible to improve the properties. anti-wear of the composition, even under severe pressure and / or temperature conditions.
  • the anti-wear properties of a composition can be more particularly evaluated according to the ASTM D2670 standard.
  • the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, the use of a lubricating composition comprising at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of an amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, for lubricate and possibly cool a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating and cooling the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a lubricating composition comprising at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of an amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, for lubricate and possibly cool a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating and cooling the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the corrosive (or corroding) power of a compound can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire of a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration immersing this yarn in a composition comprising, in a non-corrosive medium, for example in one or more base oils, said compound to be tested.
  • the variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested.
  • a compound is qualified as “non-corrosive” when the loss in diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to. at 0.2 ⁇ m after immersion for 20 hours in the composition comprising said compound.
  • the dielectric properties of a lubricant are represented in particular by the electrical resistivity and the dielectric loss (tan d), which can be measured according to the IEC 60247 standard.
  • Electrical resistivity represents the ability of the material to oppose the flow of electric current. It is expressed in ohm-meter (W hi) The higher the electrical resistivity, the lower the electrical conduction of the lubricant.
  • the loss angle d is the complementary angle of the phase shift between the applied voltage and the alternating current. This factor reflects the energy losses by the Joule effect. The temperature rises are therefore directly linked to the value of d.
  • a lubricant intended for use in a vehicle transmission commonly has a tan d value on the order of unity at room temperature. The lower the value of tan d, the greater the electrical insulation of the lubricant.
  • the said phosphorus compound (s), used as antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are chosen from phosphate esters or phosphite esters, in particular triarylphosphate esters or triarylphosphite, preferably esters of tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphate or tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphite, and advantageously esters of triphenyl phosphate or esters of triphenyl phosphite.
  • a composition according to the invention thus exhibits both good anti-wear and extreme pressure properties, while being non-corrosive. It is thus particularly advantageous for the application, considered according to the invention, in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, where it is crucial to prevent the risks of corrosion while having good dielectric properties.
  • a composition according to the invention also has the advantage of being easy to formulate.
  • the use as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, of one or more phosphorus compounds according to the invention, non-corrosive makes it possible to dispense with the use, in these lubricants.
  • additional additives called “anti-corrosion”, aimed at inhibiting the effects of corrosion, generated in particular by the use of corrosive additives.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact with a lubricating composition comprising, to as anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of amine function.
  • a lubricating composition according to the invention is used to lubricate the electric motor itself, in particular the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • FIG 1 schematically represents an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
  • the invention is based on the use, in a lubricant for a motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, of one or more phosphorus-free compounds. sulfur and an amine function.
  • phosphorus additive or compound according to the invention
  • phosphorus additive or compound according to the invention
  • the name “phosphorus additive (or compound) according to the invention” will denote the said phosphorus compound (s), free of sulfur and of an amine function, used according to invention as an antiwear and extreme pressure additive.
  • sulfur-free within the meaning of the present invention is understood to characterize the fact that the anti-wear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention does not contain a sulfur atom.
  • the term “free of an amine function” is understood to mean characterizing the fact that the anti-wear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention does not comprise an amine function, in other words does not comprise any primary amine group. , secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
  • the antiwear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention does not comprise a nitrogen atom.
  • the phosphorus compounds according to the invention which are free of sulfur and of an amine function, make it possible to confer anti-wear and extreme pressure properties on the composition.
  • the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are not corrosive, in other words do not induce a corrosion effect when they are brought into contact with metal surfaces, in particular those of parts. of a propulsion system in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives used according to the invention can be more particularly chosen from phosphoric acid derivatives, and more particularly from phosphate esters, phosphite esters, phosphonate esters, phosphinate esters and phosphine oxides.
  • phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives may be of the following formula (I):
  • radicals X represent, independently of each other, groups -OR ’or R’, where R ’represent hydrocarbon groups preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is chosen from phosphite esters, and more particularly corresponds to the above formula (I), in which s is 0.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is chosen from phosphonate esters, and more particularly corresponds to the aforementioned formula (I), in which s is equal to 1 and two. of the three radicals X represent groups -OR '.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is chosen from phosphate esters, and more particularly corresponds to the aforementioned formula (I), in which s is 1 and the three X radicals represent -OR 'groups.
  • hydrocarbon groups R ′ in the above formula (I) are chosen, independently of one another, from:
  • - aryl groups preferably Cr, a C io
  • said groups possibly themselves being optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbon groups, in particular with one or more alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl and / or aryl groups.
  • alkyl a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example, a C x to C z alkyl represents a saturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched;
  • alkenyl an unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic group
  • a C x to C z alkenyl group represents an unsaturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched
  • alkoxy-alkyl means an alkyl group carrying at least one alkoxy group.
  • An alkoxy group is an -OR group where R represents an alkyl group;
  • cycloalkyl a cyclic alkyl group, for example a C x to C z cycloalkyl represents a cyclic carbon group of x to z carbon atoms, for example a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl;
  • aryl a mono- or polycyclic aromatic group, in particular comprising between 6 and 10 carbon atoms.
  • aryl group mention may be made of phenyl or naphthyl groups.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are chosen from the phosphate esters of the following formula (G): [Chem 2]
  • R 1, R 2 and R 3 represent, independently of one another, hydrocarbon groups, preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, in particular as defined above.
  • R 1, R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another, from alkyl groups, linear or branched, preferably C 2 to C 18; cycloalkyl groups, preferably C3 to Cx; and aryl groups, preferably C> to Cio; said cycloalkyl and aryl groups possibly being optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups, linear or branched.
  • a phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is of above-mentioned formula (G), in which R 1, R 2 and R 3 are identical, preferably as defined above.
  • the anti-wear and extreme pressure phosphorus additives according to the invention can be advantageously chosen from triaryl phosphate esters, and in particular tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphate esters, preferably from esters of triphenyl phosphate.
  • an antiwear and extreme pressure phosphorus additive according to the invention is of the following formula (II):
  • n 1 and R represent groups in the para position, preferably alkyl groups, preferably branched, C 3 to C> n such as an isopropyl group.
  • a phosphorus-containing antiwear additive according to the invention is of formula (II) in which the groups - (R) n are identical.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are chosen from the phosphite esters of the following formula (I "):
  • R 4 independently of one another, hydrocarbon groups, preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly as previously defined.
  • R 4 , R 5 and R ⁇ are chosen, independently of one another, from alkyl groups, linear or branched, preferably C 2 to C 18; cycloalkyl groups, preferably C> to Cx; and aryl groups, preferably C> to Cio; said cycloalkyl and aryl groups possibly being optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups, linear or branched.
  • a phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is of above-mentioned formula (G), in which R 4 , Rs and Ro are identical, preferably as defined above.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention can be advantageously chosen from triaryl phosphite esters, and in particular tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphite esters, preferably from esters of triphenyl phosphite.
  • an anti-wear and extreme pressure phosphorus additive according to the invention is of the following formula (IG): [Chem 5]
  • groups R represent, independently of one another, alkyl groups, linear or branched in Ci to Cio, in particular from C 3 to Cx, and n represent, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2.
  • a phosphorus-containing antiwear additive according to the invention is of formula (IG) in which the groups - (R) n are identical.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear additive according to the invention is chosen from either tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate (CAS 68937-41-7) and tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite (CAS 31570-04- 4).
  • the phosphorus antiwear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention can be in the form of a mixture of at least two phosphorus compounds, in particular as defined. above.
  • the phosphorus compounds used according to the invention can be commercially available, or else prepared according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive (s) considered according to the invention, in particular as defined above, can be used in a lubricating composition for an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system, at a rate of 0.01 % and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme-pressure additive (s) used according to the invention are esters of triaryl, phosphate, in particular of formula (II) as defined above, and preferably are implemented at a rate of 0.01% and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition .
  • the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme-pressure additive (s) used according to the invention are esters of triaryl phosphite, in particular of formula (IG) as defined above, and preferably are implemented at a rate of 0.01% and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition .
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises less than 10% by mass, in particular less than 5% by mass, or even is free of anti-wear additive (s) ⁇ ) amine (s) and / or sulfur ( s), in particular additive (s) phosphorus (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises less than 7.5% by mass, in particular less than 3% by mass, or even is free of anti-wear additive (s) distinct from the phosphorus additives free.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise, in addition to one or more phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention, in particular as defined above, one or more base oils, as well as other additives. , conventionally considered in lubricating compositions.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention can thus comprise one or more base oils.
  • base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or their mixtures. It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
  • the base oils of the lubricating compositions considered according to the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
  • Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing. .
  • Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biobased, can also be used.
  • the base oils of the compositions used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycols (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycols (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
  • the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da.
  • the weight-average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
  • the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and mixtures thereof. .
  • PAO polyalphaolefins
  • PAG polyalkylene glycols
  • esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols and mixtures thereof.
  • the base oil (s) of the composition used according to the invention is chosen from oils of group III, IV or V, and mixtures thereof, preferably is a base oil of group III.
  • the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention can be chosen from the base oils of group II.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise at least 50% by mass of base oil (s) relative to its total mass, in particular from 60 to 99% by mass of base oil (s), and more particularly between 70 and 98% by weight, preferably between 80 and 97% by weight.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also further comprise all types of additives, distinct from the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives considered according to the invention, suitable for use in a lubricant for a propulsion system of a electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • additives are chosen so as not to affect the properties of the lubricating composition, in particular the properties. conferred by said antiwear and extreme pressure phosphorus additive (s) according to the invention.
  • Such additives can be chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, extreme pressure additives other than the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and mixtures thereof.
  • composition suitable for the invention comprises at least one additional additive selected from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, pour point depressant additives, anti-foam agents, and mixtures thereof.
  • additives can be introduced singly and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by G ACEA (Association European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or GARI (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
  • G ACEA Association European Automobile Manufacturers
  • GARI American Petroleum Institute
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
  • the friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
  • the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus.
  • the ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from fatty acid and polyol monoesters, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
  • the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2%. by weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
  • the antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in use. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
  • Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
  • antioxidant additives currently used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives, can generate ash.
  • the phenolic antioxidant additives can be free of ash or be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
  • the antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
  • the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -Cio alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group.
  • C I -C O preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably tert-butyl group.
  • Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
  • Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
  • Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
  • antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention can also include at least one detergent additive.
  • Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving by-products of oxidation and combustion.
  • the detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
  • the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
  • the associated cation can be a metallic cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
  • the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates.
  • the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
  • metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount.
  • overbased detergent additives the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal salt, for example example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one dispersing agent.
  • the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may further comprise at least one antifoam agent.
  • the antifoam agent can be chosen from silicones.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by mass of antifoaming agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also include at least one pour point depressant additive (also called “PPD” agents for "For Point Depressant” in English).
  • PPD pour point depressant additive
  • pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
  • pour point lowering additives there may be mentioned polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
  • said phosphorus anti-wear additive (s) according to the invention can be added to an oil or mixture of base oils, then the other additional additives added.
  • said phosphorus and extreme pressure anti-wear additive (s) according to the invention may be added to a pre-existing conventional lubricating formulation, comprising in particular one or more base oils, and optionally additional additives.
  • the said phosphorus and extreme pressure anti-wear additive (s) according to the invention can be combined with one or more additional additives, and the "package" of additives thus formed added to an oil or mixture. base oils.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention exhibits a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1 to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular ranging from 3 to 10 mm 2 / s.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 3 to 80 mm 2 / s, in particular from 15 to 70 mm 2 / s.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can be of a grade according to the SAEJ300 classification defined by formula (X) W (Y), in which X represents 0 or 5; and Y represents an integer ranging from 4 to 20, in particular ranging from 4 to 16 or from 4 to 12.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention has an electrical resistivity measured at 90 ° C of between 5 and 10,000 Mohm.m, more preferably between 6 and 5,000 Mohm.m.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention exhibits a dielectric loss measured at 90 ° C of between 0.01 and 30, more preferably between 0.02 and 25, more preferably between 0.02 and 10.
  • a lubricating composition formulated according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
  • base oil or mixture of base oils, preferably chosen from base oils of group III, base oils of group IV or V;
  • additives chosen from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, pour point lowering additives, anti-foaming agents, and mixtures thereof.
  • a lubricating composition formulated according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
  • additives chosen from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, additives for lowering the pour point, anti-foam agents, and mixtures thereof;
  • composition formulated according to the invention is used as a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly of the engine and of the power electric in a electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a composition as defined above, using as anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, preferably as sole anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, in particular as defined above, preferably of triaryl phosphate ester type, in particular corresponding to formula (II) as defined above, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electric of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • anti-wear and extreme pressure additive preferably as sole anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, in particular as defined above, preferably of triaryl phosphate ester type, in particular corresponding to formula (II) as defined above, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electric of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the present invention thus relates to the use, as an additive in a lubricating composition, of one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, in particular as defined above, for simultaneously reducing wear and not to cause corrosion on the parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular on the stator and rotor winding, sensors in the propulsion system, solenoid valves in the hydraulic system but also at the level of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises in particular the electric motor part (1), an electric battery (2) and a transmission, in particular a speed reducer (3).
  • the electric motor typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
  • the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • the rotor itself consists of coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
  • a bearing (12) is generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14).
  • a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3), makes it possible to reduce the speed of rotation at the output of the electric motor and to adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, allowing at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
  • the bearing (12) is particularly subjected to high mechanical stresses and poses fatigue wear problems. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to increase its life. Also, the reducer is subjected to high friction stresses and therefore needs to be lubricated appropriately in order to prevent it from being damaged too quickly.
  • the invention relates in particular to the use of a composition as described above for lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in especially for lubricating bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor.
  • compositions as described above to lubricate the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a composition according to the invention can thus be used to lubricate the various parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a lubricating composition according to the invention exhibits excellent anti-wear and extreme pressure performance while being non-corrosive.
  • the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of lubricating at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of. an electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
  • the present invention thus proposes a method for simultaneously reducing wear and not causing corrosion in at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, said method comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
  • a composition according to the invention can exhibit, in addition to lubricating properties, good electrical insulation properties.
  • a composition according to the invention can simultaneously be used to lubricate one or more parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the sensors and solenoid valves of the engine, bearings, but also the winding located at the rotor and stator of an electric motor, or the lubrication at the transmission level, in particular the gears, sensors, solenoid valves, or the reducer that we find in an electric or hybrid vehicle, and to electrically isolate at least one part of said propulsion system, in particular from the battery, from the engine or from the power electronics.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention advantageously exhibits a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 2 and 8 mm 2 / s, preferably between 3 and 7 mm 2 / s. It is understood that the uses described above can be combined, a composition as described above can be used both as a lubricant, as an electrical insulator and also as a cooling fluid for the engine, the battery. and the transmission of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
  • composition C1 comprising a phosphorus compound A, in accordance with the invention: tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate;
  • composition C2 comprising a phosphorus compound B in accordance with the invention: tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite;
  • composition C3 comprising a phospho-sulfur compound C known as anti-wear and extreme pressure, not in accordance with the invention: tri-phenyl phosphorothionate; and - A composition C4 comprising a mixture of phosphate compounds of amine D known as anti-wear, not in accordance with the invention, marketed under the reference Irgalube 349;
  • composition C6 comprising a mixture of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compounds F known as anti-wear, not in accordance with the invention.
  • Compositions C1 to C6 comprise, in addition to each of the aforementioned compounds, a group III base oil.
  • compositions and the amounts are indicated in Table 2 below.
  • the corrosive (or corroding) power of a composition can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire having a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration d immersion of this thread within the composition.
  • the variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested.
  • the diameter of the wire chosen is 70 ⁇ m.
  • compositions C1 and C2 being compositions according to the invention and compositions C3 to C6 being compositions serving as a comparison).
  • the resistance of the wire is measured using an ohmmeter.
  • the measurement current is 1 mA.
  • the temperature of the composition to be tested is brought to 150 ° C.
  • the resistance of the copper wire is calculated by this equation (1):
  • R is the resistance
  • p is the resistivity of copper
  • L is the length of the wire
  • S is the section area
  • the wire diameter is calculated from the section area (2):
  • D is the diameter of the wire.
  • the diameter of the wire decreases, therefore causing an increase in the value of the resistance.
  • the wire diameter loss is therefore calculated directly from the measured resistance. When the measured resistance is infinite, it is an open circuit. This therefore means that the wire has broken, which defines very severe corrosion.
  • a composition is “non-corrosive” when the loss in diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m after immersion. for 20 hours in the composition.

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Abstract

The invention relates to the use of at least one phosphorus compound, which is free of sulfur and has no amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme-pressure additive in a lubricant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. The invention also relates to the use of a lubricant composition comprising at least one phosphorus compound, which is free of sulfur and has no amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme-pressure additive, for lubricating and optionally cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating and cooling the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

Description

Description Description
Titre : Utilisation d’un composé phosphoré à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression non-corrosif dans un lubrifiant pour système de propulsion de véhicule électrique ou hybride. Title: Use of a phosphorus compound as an anti-wear and non-corrosive extreme pressure additive in a lubricant for an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne le domaine des compositions lubrifiantes, plus particulièrement le domaine des compositions lubrifiantes pour un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Elle concerne plus particulièrement l’utilisation, dans ces lubrifiants, de composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, à titre d’additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression avantageusement « non-corrosifs ». The present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions, more particularly the field of lubricating compositions for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It relates more particularly to the use, in these lubricants, of phosphorus compounds free from sulfur and from an amine function, as anti-wear and extreme pressure additives which are advantageously "non-corrosive".
L’évolution des normes internationales pour la réduction des émissions de CO2, mais également pour la diminution de la consommation d’énergie, pousse les constructeurs automobiles à proposer des solutions alternatives aux moteurs à combustion. The evolution of international standards for the reduction of CO 2 emissions, but also for the reduction of energy consumption, pushes car manufacturers to offer alternative solutions to combustion engines.
L’une des solutions identifiées par les constructeurs automobiles consiste à remplacer les moteurs à combustion par des moteurs électriques. Les recherches pour la réduction des émissions de CO2 ont donc mené au développement des véhicules électriques par un certain nombre de compagnies automobiles. One of the solutions identified by car manufacturers is to replace combustion engines with electric motors. Research into reducing CO 2 emissions has therefore led to the development of electric vehicles by a number of automobile companies.
Par « véhicule électrique » au sens de la présente invention, on entend désigner un véhicule comprenant un moteur électrique comme unique moyen de propulsion alors qu’un véhicule hybride comprend un moteur à combustion et un moteur électrique comme moyens de propulsion combinés. By "electric vehicle" within the meaning of the present invention is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, while a hybrid vehicle comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.
Par « système de propulsion » au sens de la présente invention, on entend désigner un système comprenant les pièces mécaniques nécessaires à la propulsion d’un véhicule. Le système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique englobe ainsi plus particulièrement un moteur électrique comprenant l’ensemble rotor-stator de l’électronique de puissance (dédié à la régulation de la vitesse), une transmission et une batterie. By "propulsion system" within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for propelling a vehicle. The propulsion system of an electric vehicle thus more particularly includes an electric motor comprising the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
D’une manière générale, il est nécessaire de mettre en œuvre, dans les véhicules, des compositions lubrifiantes, dites encore « les lubrifiants », à des fins principales de réduction des forces de frottement entre les différentes pièces du système de propulsion du véhicule, notamment entre les pièces métalliques en mouvement dans les moteurs. Ces compositions lubrifiantes sont en outre efficaces pour prévenir une usure prématurée voire un endommagement de ces pièces, et en particulier de leur surface. Pour ce faire, une composition lubrifiante est classiquement composée d’une ou plusieurs huile(s) de base auxquelles sont généralement associés plusieurs additifs dédiés à stimuler les performances lubrifiantes de l’huile de base, mais aussi à lui procurer des performances supplémentaires. In general, it is necessary to use, in vehicles, lubricating compositions, also called “lubricants”, for the main purposes of reducing the frictional forces between the various parts of the vehicle's propulsion system, especially between moving metal parts in engines. These lubricating compositions are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface. To do this, a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oil (s) with which are generally associated several additives dedicated to stimulate the lubricating performance of the base oil, but also to provide it with additional performance.
En particulier, des additifs dits « anti-usure » sont considérés afin de réduire l’usure des pièces du système de propulsion, notamment des pièces mécaniques du moteur, et ainsi prévenir une dégradation de la durabilité du moteur. In particular, so-called "anti-wear" additives are considered in order to reduce the wear of parts of the propulsion system, in particular of the mechanical parts of the engine, and thus to prevent degradation of the durability of the engine.
Il existe une grande variété d’additifs anti-usure, parmi lesquels on peut citer par exemple les dimercaptothiadiazoles, les polysulfures, notamment les oléfines soufrées, les phosphates d’amine, ou encore des additifs phospho-soufrés, comme les alkylthiophosphates métalliques, en particulier les alkylthiophosphates de zinc, et plus spécifiquement les dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc ou ZnDTP. There is a wide variety of anti-wear additives, among which there may be mentioned, for example, dimercaptothiadiazoles, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins, amine phosphates, or else phospho-sulfur additives, such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
Malheureusement, les additifs anti-usure, couramment mis en œuvre dans des lubrifiants pour moteurs de véhicules, tels que les dimercaptothiadiazoles, le dithiophosphate de zinc ou encore les polysulfures, présentent l’inconvénient d’être corrosifs. En outre, les additifs ioniques, tels que les dialkyldithiophosphates métalliques réduisent le pouvoir isolant électrique du fluide. Unfortunately, anti-wear additives, commonly used in lubricants for vehicle engines, such as dimercaptothiadiazoles, zinc dithiophosphate or polysulphides, have the disadvantage of being corrosive. In addition, ionic additives, such as metal dialkyldithiophosphates reduce the electrical insulating capacity of the fluid.
Le problème de corrosion peut s’avérer particulièrement critique dans le cadre des systèmes de propulsion des véhicules électriques ou hybrides. En particulier, une corrosion peut entraîner un risque de détérioration au niveau du bobinage du couple stator et rotor, des capteurs dans le système de propulsion, des électrovannes dans le système hydraulique, mais aussi des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique, généralement à base de cuivre, et donc particulièrement sensibles à la corrosion, ou encore des joints ou vernis présents dans le système de propulsion. Il est donc crucial, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de lubrifiants pour les systèmes de motorisation dans les véhicules électriques ou hybrides, de prévenir les risques de corrosion. The corrosion problem can be particularly critical in the context of the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles. In particular, corrosion can lead to a risk of damage to the winding of the stator and rotor pair, sensors in the propulsion system, solenoid valves in the hydraulic system, but also bearings located between the rotor and the stator of a electric motor, generally copper-based, and therefore particularly susceptible to corrosion, or even seals or varnishes present in the propulsion system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the use of lubricants for motor systems in electric or hybrid vehicles, to prevent the risk of corrosion.
En outre, pour pouvoir refroidir les systèmes de propulsion de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, il est impératif que le lubrifiant soit un bon isolant électrique afin d’éviter toute défaillance au niveau des composants électriques en présence. En particulier, un lubrifiant conducteur peut entraîner un risque de fuite de courant électrique au niveau du bobinage du stator et rotor, ce qui réduit ainsi l’efficacité des systèmes de propulsion, et crée une éventuelle surchauffe au niveau des composants électriques, allant même jusqu’à détériorer le système. Il est donc crucial, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de lubrifiants pour systèmes de motorisation de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, que les lubrifiants présentent de bonnes propriétés en termes d’isolation électrique, en plus de leurs propriétés non corrosives. In addition, in order to be able to cool the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, it is imperative that the lubricant is a good electrical insulator in order to avoid any failure in the electrical components present. In particular, a conductive lubricant can lead to a risk of electric current leakage from the stator and rotor windings, thus reducing the efficiency of the propulsion systems, and creating a possible overheating at the level of the electrical components, even up to 'to deteriorate the system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the use of lubricants for motorization systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, that the lubricants have good properties in terms of electrical insulation, in addition to their non-corrosive properties.
Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention
La présente invention vise précisément à proposer un moyen pour améliorer les propriétés anti-usure d’un lubrifiant destiné à un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, tout en s’affranchissant des problèmes de corrosion rencontrés dans le cadre des anti-usures classiquement utilisés. The present invention is specifically aimed at providing a means for improving the anti-wear properties of a lubricant intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, while overcoming the corrosion problems encountered in the context of anti-wear. conventionally used wear.
Plus précisément, les inventeurs ont découvert qu’il est possible d’accéder àune composition lubrifiante pour système de propulsion de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, présentant des propriétés anti-usure améliorées, sans induire pour autant d’effet corrosif, en mettant en œuvre, à titre d’additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression, des composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine. More specifically, the inventors have discovered that it is possible to access a lubricating composition for a propulsion system of electric or hybrid vehicles, exhibiting improved anti-wear properties, without thereby inducing a corrosive effect, by implementing, as antiwear and extreme pressure additives, phosphorus compounds free from sulfur and amine function.
Ainsi, la présente invention concerne, selon un premier de ses aspects, l’utilisation d’au moins un composé phosphoré, exempt de soufre et de fonction amine, à titre d’additif anti usure et extrême-pression dans une composition lubrifiante destinée à un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Thus, the present invention relates, according to a first of its aspects, to the use of at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive in a lubricating composition intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Par « additif anti-usure et extrême-pression », on entend désigner un composé qui, mis en œuvre dans une composition lubrifiante, notamment dans une composition lubrifiante pour système de motorisation d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, permet d’améliorer les propriétés anti-usure de la composition, même dans des conditions sévères de pressions et/ou de températures. The term “anti-wear and extreme pressure additive” is intended to denote a compound which, used in a lubricating composition, in particular in a lubricating composition for a motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, makes it possible to improve the properties. anti-wear of the composition, even under severe pressure and / or temperature conditions.
Les propriétés anti-usure d’une composition peuvent être plus particulièrement évaluées selon la norme ASTM D2670. The anti-wear properties of a composition can be more particularly evaluated according to the ASTM D2670 standard.
L’invention concerne encore, selon un autre de ses aspects, l’utilisation d’une composition lubrifiante comprenant au moins un composé phosphoré, exempt de soufre et de fonction amine, à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression, pour lubrifier et éventuellement refroidir un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification et le refroidissement du moteur électrique et de l’électronique de puissance d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Comme illustré dans les exemples qui suivent, les inventeurs ont constaté que de tels additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés, exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, en particulier de type ester de triaryle phosphate, n’induisent pas de corrosion, lors de leur mise en contact avec des surfaces métalliques, en particulier celles d’un système de propulsion dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride, à la différence d’additifs anti-usure phosphorés aminés et/ou soufrés. The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, the use of a lubricating composition comprising at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of an amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, for lubricate and possibly cool a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating and cooling the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle. As illustrated in the examples which follow, the inventors have observed that such phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives, free of sulfur and of amine function, in particular of the triaryl phosphate ester type, do not induce corrosion, when their contact with metal surfaces, in particular those of a propulsion system in an electric or hybrid vehicle, unlike amine phosphorus and / or sulfur anti-wear additives.
Le pouvoir corrosif (ou corrodant) d’un composé peut être évalué selon un test mettant en œuvre l’étude de la variation de la valeur de la résistance électrique d’un fil de cuivre d’un diamètre préétabli, en fonction de la durée d’immersion de ce fil au sein d’une composition comprenant, dans un milieu non corrosif, par exemple dans une ou plusieurs huiles de base, ledit composé à tester. On corréle la variation de la valeur de cette résistance électrique directement avec la variation du diamètre du fil testé. Ainsi, dans le cadre de la présente invention, un composé est qualifié de « non-corrosif » lorsque la perte de diamètre du fil de cuivre étudié est inférieure ou égale à 0,5 pm après immersion pendant 80 heures, en particulier inférieure ou égale à 0,2 pm après immersion pendant 20 heures dans la composition comprenant ledit composé. The corrosive (or corroding) power of a compound can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire of a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration immersing this yarn in a composition comprising, in a non-corrosive medium, for example in one or more base oils, said compound to be tested. The variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested. Thus, in the context of the present invention, a compound is qualified as “non-corrosive” when the loss in diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 0.5 μm after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to. at 0.2 µm after immersion for 20 hours in the composition comprising said compound.
Les propriétés diélectriques d’un lubrifiant sont représentées notamment par la résistivité électrique et la perte diélectrique (tan d), pouvant être mesurées selon la norme IEC 60247 La résistivité électrique représente la capacité du matériau à s’opposer à la circulation du courant électrique. Elle s’exprime en ohm-mètre (W hi) Plus la résistivité électrique est importante et plus la conduction électrique du lubrifiant est faible. The dielectric properties of a lubricant are represented in particular by the electrical resistivity and the dielectric loss (tan d), which can be measured according to the IEC 60247 standard. Electrical resistivity represents the ability of the material to oppose the flow of electric current. It is expressed in ohm-meter (W hi) The higher the electrical resistivity, the lower the electrical conduction of the lubricant.
L’angle de perte d est l’angle complémentaire du déphasage entre la tension appliquée et le courant alternatif. Ce facteur traduit les pertes d’énergie par effet Joule. Les échauffements sont donc directement liés à la valeur de d. The loss angle d is the complementary angle of the phase shift between the applied voltage and the alternating current. This factor reflects the energy losses by the Joule effect. The temperature rises are therefore directly linked to the value of d.
Un lubrifiant destiné à une mise en œuvre dans une transmission de véhicule présente communément une valeur de tan d de l’ordre de l’unité à température ambiante. Plus la valeur de tan d est faible et plus l’isolation électrique du lubrifiant est importante. A lubricant intended for use in a vehicle transmission commonly has a tan d value on the order of unity at room temperature. The lower the value of tan d, the greater the electrical insulation of the lubricant.
De manière avantageuse, le ou lesdits composés phosphorés, mis en œuvre à titre d’additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression selon l’invention, sont choisis parmi les esters de phosphate ou les esters de phosphite, en particulier les esters de triarylphosphate ou de triarylphosphite, de préférence les esters de tri(alkyl-aryle) phosphate ou de tri(alkyl-aryle) phosphite, et avantageusement les esters de triphényle phosphate ou les esters de triphényle phosphite. Advantageously, the said phosphorus compound (s), used as antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention, are chosen from phosphate esters or phosphite esters, in particular triarylphosphate esters or triarylphosphite, preferably esters of tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphate or tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphite, and advantageously esters of triphenyl phosphate or esters of triphenyl phosphite.
L’introduction, dans une composition lubrifiante pour système de propulsion de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, d’un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine selon l’invention permet avantageusement d’améliorer les propriétés anti usure et extrême-pression de la composition, sans entraîner d’effet de corrosion qui pourrait être particulièrement néfaste pour le fonctionnement du véhicule électrique ou hybride.The introduction, in a lubricating composition for a propulsion system of electric or hybrid vehicles, of one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of amine function according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to improve the anti-wear and extreme pressure properties of composition, without causing a corrosion effect which could be particularly harmful for the operation of the electric or hybrid vehicle.
Une composition selon l’invention présente ainsi à la fois de bonnes propriétés anti-usure et extrême-pression, tout en étant non corrosive. Elle s’avère ainsi particulièrement avantageuse pour l’application, considérée selon l’invention, dans un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, où il est crucial de prévenir les risques de corrosion tout en possédant de bonnes propriétés diélectriques. A composition according to the invention thus exhibits both good anti-wear and extreme pressure properties, while being non-corrosive. It is thus particularly advantageous for the application, considered according to the invention, in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, where it is crucial to prevent the risks of corrosion while having good dielectric properties.
Une composition selon l’invention présente également l’avantage d’être aisée à formuler. En particulier, la mise en œuvre à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression, d’un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés selon l’invention, non-corrosifs, permet de s’affranchir de la mise en œuvre, dans ces lubrifiants, d’additifs supplémentaires, dits « anti-corrosion », visant à inhiber les effets de corrosion, engendrés notamment par la mise en œuvre d’additifs corrosifs. A composition according to the invention also has the advantage of being easy to formulate. In particular, the use as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, of one or more phosphorus compounds according to the invention, non-corrosive, makes it possible to dispense with the use, in these lubricants. , additional additives, called "anti-corrosion", aimed at inhibiting the effects of corrosion, generated in particular by the use of corrosive additives.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de lubrification d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, comprenant au moins une étape de mise en contact d’au moins une pièce mécanique dudit système avec une composition lubrifiante comprenant, à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression, au moins un composé phosphoré, exempt de soufre et de fonction amine. The present invention also relates to a method of lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact with a lubricating composition comprising, to as anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of amine function.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention est mise en œuvre pour lubrifier le moteur électrique lui-même, en particulier les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique, et/ou la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Advantageously, a lubricating composition according to the invention is used to lubricate the electric motor itself, in particular the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
D’autres caractéristiques, variantes et avantages de la mise en œuvre d’un composé phosphoré, exempte de soufre et de fonction amine, selon l’invention ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description et des exemples qui suivent, donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif de rinvention. Other characteristics, variants and advantages of the use of a phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of amine function, according to the invention will emerge better from the reading of the description and of the examples which follow, given by way of illustration and without limitation of the invention.
Dans la suite du texte, les expressions « compris entre ... et ... », « allant de ... à ... » et « variant de ... à ... » sont équivalentes et entendent signifier que les bornes sont incluses, sauf mention contraire. In the remainder of the text, the expressions "between ... and ...", "ranging from ... to ..." and "varying from ... to ..." are equivalent and are intended to mean that the terminals are included, unless otherwise stated.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[Fig 1] représente schématiquement un système de propulsion de véhicule électrique ou hybride. [Fig 1] schematically represents an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
Description détaillée detailed description
ADDITIFS ANTI-USURE ET EXTREME-PRESSION PHOSPHORES SELON L’INVENTION ANTI-WEAR AND EXTREME-PRESSURE PHOSPHORUS ADDITIVES ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION
Comme précisé précédemment, l’invention repose sur la mise en œuvre, dans un lubrifiant pour système de motorisation d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression, d’un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine. As specified previously, the invention is based on the use, in a lubricant for a motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, of one or more phosphorus-free compounds. sulfur and an amine function.
Dans la suite du texte, et sauf indication contraire, on désignera sous l’appellation « additif (ou composé) phosphoré selon l’invention », le ou lesdits composés phosphorés, exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, mis en œuvre selon l’invention à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression. In the remainder of the text, and unless otherwise indicated, the name “phosphorus additive (or compound) according to the invention” will denote the said phosphorus compound (s), free of sulfur and of an amine function, used according to invention as an antiwear and extreme pressure additive.
Par « exempt de soufre » au sens de la présente invention, on entend caractériser le fait que l’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression considéré selon l’invention ne comprend pas d’atome de soufre. The term "sulfur-free" within the meaning of the present invention is understood to characterize the fact that the anti-wear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention does not contain a sulfur atom.
Par « exempt de fonction amine » au sens de l’invention, on entend caractériser le fait que l’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression considéré selon l’invention ne comprend pas de fonction amine, autrement dit ne comprend aucun groupement amine primaire, secondaire, tertiaire et quaternaire. For the purposes of the invention, the term “free of an amine function” is understood to mean characterizing the fact that the anti-wear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention does not comprise an amine function, in other words does not comprise any primary amine group. , secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
De préférence, l’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression considéré selon l’invention ne comprend pas d’atome d’azote. Les composés phosphorés selon l’invention, exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, permettent de conférer à la composition des propriétés anti-usure et extrême-pression.Preferably, the antiwear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention does not comprise a nitrogen atom. The phosphorus compounds according to the invention, which are free of sulfur and of an amine function, make it possible to confer anti-wear and extreme pressure properties on the composition.
De manière avantageuse, les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention ne sont pas corrosifs, autrement dit n’induisent pas d’effet de corrosion lors de leur mise en contact avec des surfaces métalliques, en particulier celles des pièces d’un système de propulsion dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Advantageously, the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are not corrosive, in other words do not induce a corrosion effect when they are brought into contact with metal surfaces, in particular those of parts. of a propulsion system in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés mis en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent être plus particulièrement choisis parmi des dérivés d’acide phosphorique, et plus particulièrement parmi les esters de phosphate, les esters de phosphite, les esters de phosphonate, les esters de phosphinate et les oxydes de phosphine. The phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives used according to the invention can be more particularly chosen from phosphoric acid derivatives, and more particularly from phosphate esters, phosphite esters, phosphonate esters, phosphinate esters and phosphine oxides.
Plus particulièrement, les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention peuvent être de formule (I) suivante : More particularly, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention may be of the following formula (I):
[Chem 1] [Chem 1]
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
dans laquelle s vaut 0 ou 1 ; et where s is 0 or 1; and
les radicaux X représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, des groupes -OR’ ou R’, où R’ représentent des groupes hydrocarbonés ayant de préférence de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, the radicals X represent, independently of each other, groups -OR ’or R’, where R ’represent hydrocarbon groups preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
sous réserve que, lorsque s vaut 0, les trois radicaux X représentent des groupes -OR’ et que, lorsque s vaut 1, au moins deux des trois radicaux X représentent des groupes -OR’. with the proviso that when s is 0, all three X radicals represent -OR ’groups and that when s is 1 at least two of the three X radicals represent -OR’ groups.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est choisi parmi les esters de phosphite, et répond plus particulièrement à la formule (I) précitée, dans laquelle s vaut 0. According to a particular embodiment, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is chosen from phosphite esters, and more particularly corresponds to the above formula (I), in which s is 0.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, l’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est choisi parmi les esters de phosphonate, et répond plus particulièrement à la formule (I) précitée, dans laquelle s vaut 1 et deux des trois radicaux X représentent des groupes -OR’ . Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, l’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est choisi parmi les esters de phosphate, et répond plus particulièrement à la formule (I) précitée, dans laquelle s vaut 1 et les trois radicaux X représentent des groupes -OR’ . According to another particular embodiment, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is chosen from phosphonate esters, and more particularly corresponds to the aforementioned formula (I), in which s is equal to 1 and two. of the three radicals X represent groups -OR '. According to another particular embodiment, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is chosen from phosphate esters, and more particularly corresponds to the aforementioned formula (I), in which s is 1 and the three X radicals represent -OR 'groups.
De préférence, les groupes hydrocarbonés R’ dans la formule (I) précitée sont choisis, indépendamment les uns des autres, parmi : Preferably, the hydrocarbon groups R ′ in the above formula (I) are chosen, independently of one another, from:
- des groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés, de préférence en Ci à C24 ; - alkyl groups, linear or branched, preferably C 1 to C24;
- des groupement alcényles, linéaires ou ramifiés, de préférence en C2 à Cis ; - alkenyl groups, linear or branched, preferably C2 to Cis;
- des groupements alcoxy-alkyles, de préférence en Ci à C24 ; - alkoxy-alkyl groups, preferably C 1 to C 24;
- des groupements cycloalkyles, de préférence en C>, a Cx ; - cycloalkyl groups, preferably C>, to Cx;
- des groupements aryles, de préférence en Cr, a C io ; - aryl groups, preferably Cr, a C io;
lesdits groupements pouvant être eux-mêmes éventuellement substitués par un ou plusieurs groupes hydrocarbonés, en particulier par un ou plusieurs groupements alkyles, alcényles, alcoxyalkyles, cycloalkyles et/ou aryles. said groups possibly themselves being optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbon groups, in particular with one or more alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl and / or aryl groups.
Dans le cadre de l’invention, on entend par : In the context of the invention, by:
- « alkyle », un groupe aliphatique saturé, linéaire ou ramifié ; par exemple, un alkyle en Cx à Cz représente une chaîne carbonée saturée de x à z atomes de carbone, linéaire ou ramifiée ;- "alkyl", a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example, a C x to C z alkyl represents a saturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched;
- « alcényle », un groupe aliphatique insaturé, linéaire ou ramifié ; par exemple, un groupe alcényle en Cx à Cz représente une chaîne carbonée insaturée de x à z atomes de carbone, linéaire ou ramifiée ; - "alkenyl", an unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example, a C x to C z alkenyl group represents an unsaturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched;
- « alcoxy-alkyle », un groupe alkyle porteur d’au moins un groupement alcoxy. Un groupement alcoxy est un groupement -OR où R représente un groupe alkyle ; - "alkoxy-alkyl" means an alkyl group carrying at least one alkoxy group. An alkoxy group is an -OR group where R represents an alkyl group;
- « cycloalkyle », un groupe alkyle cyclique, par exemple un cycloalkyle en Cx à Cz représente un groupe carboné cyclique de x à z atomes de carbone, par exemple un cyclopropyle, cyclobutyle, cyclopentyle, cyclohexyle, cycloheptyle ; - "cycloalkyl", a cyclic alkyl group, for example a C x to C z cycloalkyl represents a cyclic carbon group of x to z carbon atoms, for example a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl;
- « aryle », un groupe aromatique mono- ou polycyclique, en particulier comprenant entre 6 et 10 atomes de carbones. A titre d’exemple de groupe aryle, on peut citer les groupes phényle ou naphtyle. - "aryl", a mono- or polycyclic aromatic group, in particular comprising between 6 and 10 carbon atoms. By way of example of an aryl group, mention may be made of phenyl or naphthyl groups.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention sont choisis parmi les esters de phosphate de formule (G) suivante : [Chem 2] According to a preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are chosen from the phosphate esters of the following formula (G): [Chem 2]
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
dans laquelle Ri, R2 et R3 représentent, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, des groupes hydrocarbonés, ayant de préférence de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, en particulier tels que définis précédemment. in which R 1, R 2 and R 3 represent, independently of one another, hydrocarbon groups, preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, in particular as defined above.
De préférence, Ri, R2 et R3 sont choisis, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, parmi des groupement alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés, de préférence en C2 à Cis ; des groupements cycloalkyles, de préférence en C3 a Cx ; et des groupements aryles, de préférence en C>, à Cio ; lesdits groupements cycloalkyles et aryles pouvant être éventuellement substitués par un ou plusieurs groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés. Preferably, R 1, R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another, from alkyl groups, linear or branched, preferably C 2 to C 18; cycloalkyl groups, preferably C3 to Cx; and aryl groups, preferably C> to Cio; said cycloalkyl and aryl groups possibly being optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups, linear or branched.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, un additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est de formule (G) précitée, dans laquelle Ri, R2 et R3 sont identiques, de préférence tels que définis précédemment. According to a particular embodiment, a phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is of above-mentioned formula (G), in which R 1, R 2 and R 3 are identical, preferably as defined above.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention peuvent être avantageusement choisis parmi les esters de triaryle phosphate, et notamment les esters de tri(alkyl-aryle) phosphate, de préférence parmi les esters de triphényle phosphate. According to this embodiment, the anti-wear and extreme pressure phosphorus additives according to the invention can be advantageously chosen from triaryl phosphate esters, and in particular tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphate esters, preferably from esters of triphenyl phosphate.
De préférence, un additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est de formule (II) suivante : Preferably, an antiwear and extreme pressure phosphorus additive according to the invention is of the following formula (II):
[Chem 3] [Chem 3]
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000011_0002
dans laquelle les groupements R représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, des groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés en Ci à Cio, en particulier en C3 à Cx, et n représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, 0, 1 ou 2. De préférence, n=l et R représentent des groupements en position para, de préférence des groupements alkyles, de préférence ramifiés, en C3 à C>„ tel qu’un groupement isopropyle. De préférence, un additif anti-usure phosphoré selon l’invention est de formule (II) dans laquelle les groupements -(R)n sont identiques. in which the groups R represent, independently of one another, alkyl groups, linear or branched in C1 to Cio, in particular from C3 to Cx, and n represent, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2. Preferably, n = 1 and R represent groups in the para position, preferably alkyl groups, preferably branched, C 3 to C> n such as an isopropyl group. Preferably, a phosphorus-containing antiwear additive according to the invention is of formula (II) in which the groups - (R) n are identical.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré, les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention sont choisis parmi les esters de phosphite de formule (I”) suivante : According to another preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention are chosen from the phosphite esters of the following formula (I "):
[Chem 4] [Chem 4]
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
dans laquelle R4, Rs et RÔ représentent, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, des groupes hydrocarbonés, ayant de préférence de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, en particulier tels que définis précédemment. wherein R 4, Rs and R O independently of one another, hydrocarbon groups, preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly as previously defined.
De préférence, R4, R 5 et RÔ sont choisis, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, parmi des groupement alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés, de préférence en C2 à Cis ; des groupements cycloalkyles, de préférence en C>, a Cx ; et des groupements aryles, de préférence en C>, à Cio ; lesdits groupements cycloalkyles et aryles pouvant être éventuellement substitués par un ou plusieurs groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés. Preferably, R 4 , R 5 and R Ô are chosen, independently of one another, from alkyl groups, linear or branched, preferably C 2 to C 18; cycloalkyl groups, preferably C> to Cx; and aryl groups, preferably C> to Cio; said cycloalkyl and aryl groups possibly being optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups, linear or branched.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, un additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est de formule (G) précitée, dans laquelle R4, Rs et Ro sont identiques, de préférence tels que définis précédemment. According to a particular embodiment, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additive according to the invention is of above-mentioned formula (G), in which R 4 , Rs and Ro are identical, preferably as defined above.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention peuvent être avantageusement choisis parmi les esters de triaryle phosphite, et notamment les esters de tri(alkyl-aryle) phosphite, de préférence parmi les esters de triphényle phosphite. According to this embodiment, the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention can be advantageously chosen from triaryl phosphite esters, and in particular tri (alkyl-aryl) phosphite esters, preferably from esters of triphenyl phosphite.
De préférence, un additif anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphoré selon l’invention est de formule (IG) suivante : [Chem 5] Preferably, an anti-wear and extreme pressure phosphorus additive according to the invention is of the following formula (IG): [Chem 5]
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
dans laquelle les groupements R représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, des groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés en Ci à Cio, en particulier en C3 à Cx, et n représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, 0, 1 ou 2. in which the groups R represent, independently of one another, alkyl groups, linear or branched in Ci to Cio, in particular from C 3 to Cx, and n represent, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2.
De préférence, n=l et R représentent des groupements en position para, de préférence des groupements alkyles, de préférence ramifiés, en C3 à C>„ tel qu’un groupement isopropyle. De préférence, un additif anti-usure phosphoré selon l’invention est de formule (IG) dans laquelle les groupements -(R)n sont identiques. Preferably, n = 1 and R represent groups in the para position, preferably alkyl groups, preferably branched, C 3 to C> n such as an isopropyl group. Preferably, a phosphorus-containing antiwear additive according to the invention is of formula (IG) in which the groups - (R) n are identical.
Avantageusement, l’additif anti-usure phosphoré selon l’invention est choisi parmi soit le tri(isopropylphényle) phosphate (CAS 68937-41-7) et le tris(2,4-ditert- butylphenyl)phosphite (CAS 31570-04-4). Advantageously, the phosphorus-containing antiwear additive according to the invention is chosen from either tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate (CAS 68937-41-7) and tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite (CAS 31570-04- 4).
Il est entendu, dans le cadre de la présente invention, que l’additif anti-usure et extrême- pression phosphoré considéré selon l’invention peut être sous forme d’un mélange d’au moins deux composés phosphorés, en particulier tels que définis ci-dessus. It is understood, in the context of the present invention, that the phosphorus antiwear and extreme pressure additive considered according to the invention can be in the form of a mixture of at least two phosphorus compounds, in particular as defined. above.
Les composés phosphorés mis en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent être disponibles dans le commerce, ou encore préparés selon des méthodes de synthèse connues de l’homme du métier. The phosphorus compounds used according to the invention can be commercially available, or else prepared according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art.
Le ou les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés considérés selon l’invention, en particulier tels que définis précédemment, peuvent être mis en œuvre dans une composition lubrifiante pour système de propulsion de véhicule électrique ou hybride, à raison de 0,01 % et 10 % massique, de préférence entre 0, 1 % et 5 % massique, plus préférentiellement entre 0,5 % et 3 % massique, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante. The phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additive (s) considered according to the invention, in particular as defined above, can be used in a lubricating composition for an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system, at a rate of 0.01 % and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, le ou les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés mis en œuvre selon l’invention sont des esters de triaryle, phosphate, en particulier de formule (II) telle que définie précédemment, et de préférence sont mis en œuvre à raison de 0,01 % et 10 % massique, de préférence entre 0,1 % et 5 % massique, plus préférentiellement entre 0,5 % et 3 % massique, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme-pressure additive (s) used according to the invention are esters of triaryl, phosphate, in particular of formula (II) as defined above, and preferably are implemented at a rate of 0.01% and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition .
Selon autre un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, le ou les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés mis en œuvre selon l’invention sont des esters de triaryle phosphite, en particulier de formule (IG) telle que définie précédemment, et de préférence sont mis en œuvre à raison de 0,01 % et 10 % massique, de préférence entre 0,1 % et 5 % massique, plus préférentiellement entre 0,5 % et 3 % massique, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante. According to another particularly preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme-pressure additive (s) used according to the invention are esters of triaryl phosphite, in particular of formula (IG) as defined above, and preferably are implemented at a rate of 0.01% and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition .
De préférence, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention comprend moins de 10 % massique, en particulier moins de 5 % massique, voire est exempte, d’additif(s) anti- usure^) aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s), en particulier d’additif(s) phosphoré(s) aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s). Preferably, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises less than 10% by mass, in particular less than 5% by mass, or even is free of anti-wear additive (s) ^) amine (s) and / or sulfur ( s), in particular additive (s) phosphorus (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
De manière avantageuse, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention comprend moins de 7,5 % massique, en particulier moins de 3 % massique, voire est exempte, d’additif(s) anti-usure(s) distincts des additifs phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine considérés selon l’invention. Advantageously, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises less than 7.5% by mass, in particular less than 3% by mass, or even is free of anti-wear additive (s) distinct from the phosphorus additives free. sulfur and amine function considered according to the invention.
COMPOSITION LUBRIFIANTE LUBRICANT COMPOSITION
Une composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre, outre un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention, en particulier tels que définis précédemment, une ou plusieurs huiles de base, ainsi que d’autres additifs, classiquement considérés dans les compositions lubrifiantes. A composition used according to the invention may comprise, in addition to one or more phosphorus-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention, in particular as defined above, one or more base oils, as well as other additives. , conventionally considered in lubricating compositions.
Huile de base Base oil
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut ainsi comprendre une ou plusieurs huiles de base. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention can thus comprise one or more base oils.
Ces huiles de base peuvent être choisies parmi les huiles de base conventionnellement utilisées dans le domaine des huiles lubrifiantes, telles que les huiles minérales, synthétiques ou naturelles, animales ou végétales ou leurs mélanges. Il peut s’agir d’un mélange de plusieurs huiles de base, par exemple un mélange de deux, trois, ou quatre huiles de base. These base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or their mixtures. It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
Les huiles de base des compositions lubrifiantes considérées selon l’invention peuvent être en particulier des huiles d’origines minérales ou synthétiques appartenant aux groupes I à V selon les classes définies dans la classification API (ou leurs équivalents selon la classification ATIEL) et présentées dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous ou leurs mélanges. The base oils of the lubricating compositions considered according to the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
[Tableau 1] [Table 1]
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
Les huiles de base minérales incluent tous types d’huiles de base obtenues par distillation atmosphérique et sous vide du pétrole brut, suivies d’opérations de raffinage telles qu’ extraction au solvant, désalphatage, déparaffinage au solvant, hydrotraitement, hydrocraquage, hydroisomérisation et hydrofinition. Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing. .
Des mélanges d’huiles synthétiques et minérales, pouvant être biosourcées, peuvent également être employés. Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biobased, can also be used.
II n’existe généralement aucune limitation quant à l’emploi d’huiles de base différentes pour réaliser les compositions mises en œuvre selon l’invention, si ce n’est qu’elles doivent avoir des propriétés, notamment en termes de viscosité, d’indice de viscosité, ou de résistance à l’oxydation, adaptées à une utilisation pour des systèmes de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. There is generally no limitation as to the use of different base oils to produce the compositions used according to the invention, except that they must have properties, in particular in terms of viscosity, d 'viscosity index, or resistance to oxidation, suitable for use in propulsion systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Les huiles de bases des compositions mises en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent également être choisies parmi les huiles synthétiques, telles certains esters d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools, les polyalphaoléfines (PAO), et les polyalkylène glycol (PAG) obtenus par polymérisation ou copolymérisation d’oxydes d’alkylène comprenant de 2 à 8 atomes de carbone, en particulier de 2 à 4 atomes de carbone. The base oils of the compositions used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycols (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
Les PAO utilisées comme huiles de base sont par exemple obtenues à partir de monomères comprenant de 4 à 32 atomes de carbone, par exemple à partir d’octène ou de décène. La masse moléculaire moyenne en poids de la PAO peut varier assez largement. De manière préférée, la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids de la PAO est inférieure à 600 Da. La masse moléculaire moyenne en poids de la PAO peut également aller de 100 à 600 Da, de 150 à 600 Da, ou encore de 200 à 600 Da. The PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene. The weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da. The weight-average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
Avantageusement, l’huile ou les huiles de base de la composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention sont choisies parmi les polyalphaoléfines (PAO), les polyalkylène glycol (PAG), les esters d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools, et leurs mélanges. Advantageously, the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and mixtures thereof. .
De préférence la ou les huile(s) de base de la composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention est choisi parmi les huiles de groupe III, IV ou V, et leurs mélanges, de préférence est une huile de base de groupe III. Preferably, the base oil (s) of the composition used according to the invention is chosen from oils of group III, IV or V, and mixtures thereof, preferably is a base oil of group III.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, l’huile ou les huiles de base de la composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent être choisies parmi les huiles de base du groupe II. According to an alternative embodiment, the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention can be chosen from the base oils of group II.
Il appartient à l’homme du métier d’ajuster la teneur en huile de base à mettre en œuvre dans une composition convenant à l’invention. It is up to the person skilled in the art to adjust the base oil content to be used in a composition suitable for the invention.
Une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention peut comprendre au moins 50 % en masse d’huile(s) de base par rapport à sa masse totale, en particulier de 60 à 99 % en masse d’huile(s) de base, et plus particulièrement entre 70 et 98 % massique, de préférence entre 80 et 97 % massique. A lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise at least 50% by mass of base oil (s) relative to its total mass, in particular from 60 to 99% by mass of base oil (s), and more particularly between 70 and 98% by weight, preferably between 80 and 97% by weight.
Additifs additionnels Additional additives
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut également comprendre en outre tous types d’additifs, distincts des additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés considérés selon l’invention, adaptés à une utilisation dans un lubrifiant pour système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also further comprise all types of additives, distinct from the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives considered according to the invention, suitable for use in a lubricant for a propulsion system of a electric or hybrid vehicle.
Il est entendu que la nature et la quantité d’additifs mis en œuvre sont choisies de manière à ne pas affecter les propriétés de la composition lubrifiante, en particulier les propriétés conférées par le ou lesdits additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention. It is understood that the nature and the amount of additives used are chosen so as not to affect the properties of the lubricating composition, in particular the properties. conferred by said antiwear and extreme pressure phosphorus additive (s) according to the invention.
De tels additifs, connus de l’homme du métier dans le domaine de la lubrification et/ou du refroidissement des systèmes de propulsion de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, peuvent être choisis parmi les modificateurs de frottements, les modificateurs d’indice de viscosité, les additifs extrême-pression autres que les additifs anti-usure et extrême-pression phosphorés selon l’invention, les détergents, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse et leurs mélanges. Such additives, known to those skilled in the art in the field of lubricating and / or cooling the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, can be chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, extreme pressure additives other than the phosphorus-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives according to the invention, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and mixtures thereof.
Avantageusement, une composition convenant à l’invention comprend au moins un additif additionnel choisi parmi les antioxydants, les détergents, les dispersants, les additifs abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse, et leurs mélanges. Advantageously, a composition suitable for the invention comprises at least one additional additive selected from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, pour point depressant additives, anti-foam agents, and mixtures thereof.
Ces additifs peuvent être introduits isolément et/ou sous la forme d’un mélange à l’image de ceux déjà disponibles à la vente pour les formulations de lubrifiants commerciaux pour moteurs de véhicules, de niveau de performance tels que définis par G ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Européens d’ Automobiles) et/ou GARI (American Petroleum Institute), bien connus de l’homme du métier. These additives can be introduced singly and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by G ACEA (Association European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or GARI (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre au moins un additif modificateur de frottement. L’additif modificateur de frottement peut être choisi parmi un composé apportant des éléments métalliques et un composé exempt de cendres. Parmi les composés apportant des éléments métalliques, on peut citer les complexes de métaux de transition tels que Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn dont les ligands peuvent être des composés hydrocarbonés comprenant des atomes d’oxygène, d’azote, de soufre ou de phosphore. Les additifs modificateurs de frottement exempt de cendres sont généralement d’origine organique et peuvent être choisis parmi les monoesters d’acides gras et de polyols, les amines alcoxylées, les amines grasses alcoxylées, les époxydes gras, les époxydes gras de borate ; les amines grasses ou les esters de glycérol d’acide gras. Selon l’invention, les composés gras comprennent au moins un groupement hydrocarboné comprenant de 10 à 24 atomes de carbone. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive. The friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound. Among the compounds providing metallic elements, mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus. The ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from fatty acid and polyol monoesters, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters. According to the invention, the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre de 0,01 à 2 % en poids ou de 0,01 à 5 % en poids, préférentiellement de 0, 1 à 1,5 % en poids ou de 0,1 à 2 % en poids d’additif modificateur de frottement, par rapport au poids total de la composition. Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre au moins un additif antioxydant. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2%. by weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the composition. A lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
L’additif antioxydant permet généralement de retarder la dégradation de la composition en service. Cette dégradation peut notamment se traduire par la formation de dépôts, par la présence de boues ou par une augmentation de la viscosité de la composition. The antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in use. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
Les additifs antioxydants agissent notamment comme inhibiteurs radicalaires ou destructeurs d’hydropéroxydes. Parmi les additifs antioxydants couramment employés, on peut citer les additifs antioxydants de type phénolique, les additifs antioxydants de type aminé, les additifs antioxydants phosphosoufrés. Certains de ces additifs antioxydants, par exemple les additifs antioxydants phosphosoufrés, peuvent être générateurs de cendres. Les additifs antioxydants phénoliques peuvent être exempt de cendres ou bien être sous forme de sels métalliques neutres ou basiques. Les additifs antioxydants peuvent notamment être choisis parmi les phénols stériquement encombrés, les esters de phénol stériquement encombrés et les phénols stériquement encombrés comprenant un pont thioéther, les diphénylamines, les diphénylamines substituées par au moins un groupement alkyle en Cl- C12, les N,N'-dialkyle-aryle-diamines et leurs mélanges. Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides. Among the antioxidant additives currently used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives, can generate ash. The phenolic antioxidant additives can be free of ash or be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. The antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
De préférence selon l’invention, les phénols stériquement encombrés sont choisis parmi les composés comprenant un groupement phénol dont au moins un carbone vicinal du carbone portant la fonction alcool est substitué par au moins un groupement alkyle en Ci- Cio, de préférence un groupement alkyle en CI-CÔ, de préférence un groupement alkyle en C4, de préférence par le groupement tert-butyle. Preferably according to the invention, the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -Cio alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group. C I -C O, preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably tert-butyl group.
Les composés aminés sont une autre classe d’additifs antioxydants pouvant être utilisés, éventuellement en combinaison avec les additifs antioxydants phénoliques. Des exemples de composés aminés sont les amines aromatiques, par exemple les amines aromatiques de formule NR4R5R6 dans laquelle R4 représente un groupement aliphatique ou un groupement aromatique, éventuellement substitué, R5 représente un groupement aromatique, éventuellement substitué, R6 représente un atome d’hydrogène, un groupement alkyle, un groupement aryle ou un groupement de formule R7S(0)zR8 dans laquelle R7 représente un groupement alkylène ou un groupement alkenylène, R8 représente un groupement alkyle, un groupement alcényle ou un groupement aryle et z représente 0, 1 ou 2. Des alkyl phénols sulfurisés ou leurs sels de métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux peuvent également être utilisés comme additifs antioxydants. Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives. Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2. Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
Une autre classe d’additifs antioxydants est celle des composés cuivrés, par exemples les thio- ou dithio-phosphates de cuivre, les sels de cuivre et d’acides carboxyliques, les dithiocarbamates, les sulphonates, les phénates, les acétylacétonates de cuivre. Les sels de cuivre I et II, les sels d’acide ou d’anhydride succiniques peuvent également être utilisés. Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut contenir tous types d’additifs antioxydants connus de l’homme du métier. Another class of antioxidant additives is that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used. A lubricating composition used according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
De manière avantageuse, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention comprend au moins un additif antioxydant exempt de cendres. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre de 0,5 à 2 % en poids d’au moins un additif antioxydant, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut également comprendre au moins un additif détergent. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention can also include at least one detergent additive.
Les additifs détergents permettent généralement de réduire la formation de dépôts à la surface des pièces métalliques par dissolution des produits secondaires d’oxydation et de combustion. Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving by-products of oxidation and combustion.
Les additifs détergents utilisables dans une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention sont généralement connus de l’homme de métier. Les additifs détergents peuvent être des composés anioniques comprenant une longue chaîne hydrocarbonée lipophile et une tête hydrophile. Le cation associé peut être un cation métallique d’un métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux. The detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art. The detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head. The associated cation can be a metallic cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
Les additifs détergents sont préférentiellement choisis parmi les sels de métaux alcalins ou de métaux alcalino-terreux d’acides carboxyliques, les sulfonates, les salicylates, les naphténates, ainsi que les sels de phénates. Les métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux sont préférentiellement le calcium, le magnésium, le sodium ou le baryum. The detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates. The alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
Ces sels métalliques comprennent généralement le métal en quantité stoechiométrique ou bien en excès, donc en quantité supérieure à la quantité stœchiométrique. Il s’agit alors d’additifs détergents surbasés ; le métal en excès apportant le caractère surbasé à l’additif détergent est alors généralement sous la forme d’un sel métallique insoluble dans l’huile, par exemple un carbonate, un hydroxyde, un oxalate, un acétate, un glutamate, préférentiellement un carbonate. These metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount. These are then overbased detergent additives; the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal salt, for example example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut par exemple comprendre de 2 à 4 % en poids d’additif détergent, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Egalement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre au moins un agent dispersant. Also, a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one dispersing agent.
L’agent dispersant peut être choisi parmi les bases de Mannich, les succinimides et leurs dérivés. The dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut par exemple comprendre de 0,2 à 10 % en poids d’agent dispersant, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre en outre au moins un agent antimousse. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may further comprise at least one antifoam agent.
L’agent antimousse peut être choisi parmi les silicones. The antifoam agent can be chosen from silicones.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre de 0,01 à 5 % massique, préférentiellement de 0,1 à 2 % massique d’agent antimousse, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by mass of antifoaming agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut également comprendre au moins un additif abaisseur du point d’écoulement, (dits encore agents « PPD » pour « Pour Point Depressant » en langue anglaise). A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also include at least one pour point depressant additive (also called "PPD" agents for "For Point Depressant" in English).
En ralentissant la formation de cristaux de paraffine, les additifs abaisseurs de point d’écoulement améliorent généralement le comportement à froid de la composition. Comme exemple d’additifs abaisseurs de point d’écoulement, on peut citer les polyméthacrylates d’alkyle, les polyacrylates, les polyarylamides, les polyalkylphénols, les polyalkylnaphtalènes, les polystyrènes alkylés. By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition. As examples of pour point lowering additives, there may be mentioned polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
En termes de formulation d’une telle composition lubrifiante, le ou lesdits additif(s) anti usure phosphoré(s) selon l’invention peuvent être additionnés à une huile ou mélange d’huiles de base, puis les autres additifs complémentaires, ajoutés. Alternativement, le ou lesdits additif(s) anti-usure phosphoré(s) et extrême-pression selon l’invention peuvent être additionnés à une formulation lubrifiante conventionnelle préexistante, comprenant notamment une ou plusieurs huiles de base, et éventuellement des additifs additionnels. In terms of formulation of such a lubricating composition, said phosphorus anti-wear additive (s) according to the invention can be added to an oil or mixture of base oils, then the other additional additives added. Alternatively, said phosphorus and extreme pressure anti-wear additive (s) according to the invention may be added to a pre-existing conventional lubricating formulation, comprising in particular one or more base oils, and optionally additional additives.
Alternativement, le ou lesdits additif(s) anti-usure phosphoré(s) et extrême-pression selon l’invention peuvent être combinés avec un ou plusieurs additifs additionnels, et le « paquet » d’additifs ainsi formé additionné à une huile ou mélange d’huiles de base. Alternatively, the said phosphorus and extreme pressure anti-wear additive (s) according to the invention can be combined with one or more additional additives, and the "package" of additives thus formed added to an oil or mixture. base oils.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention présente une viscosité cinématique, mesurée à 100°C selon la norme ASTM D445, allant de 1 à 15 mm2/s, en particulier allant de 3 à 10 mm2/s. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention exhibits a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1 to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular ranging from 3 to 10 mm 2 / s.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention présente une viscosité cinématique, mesurée à 40°C selon la norme ASTM D445, allant de 3 à 80 mm2/s, en particulier de 15 à 70 mm2/s. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 3 to 80 mm 2 / s, in particular from 15 to 70 mm 2 / s.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut être de grade selon la classification SAEJ300 défini par la formule (X)W(Y), dans laquelle X représente 0 ou 5 ; et Y représente un nombre entier allant de 4 à 20, en particulier allant de 4 à 16 ou de 4 à 12. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention can be of a grade according to the SAEJ300 classification defined by formula (X) W (Y), in which X represents 0 or 5; and Y represents an integer ranging from 4 to 20, in particular ranging from 4 to 16 or from 4 to 12.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention présente une résistivité électrique mesurées à 90°C comprise entre 5 et 10000 Mohm.m, de préférence encore entre 6 et 5000 Mohm.m. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention has an electrical resistivity measured at 90 ° C of between 5 and 10,000 Mohm.m, more preferably between 6 and 5,000 Mohm.m.
Avantageusement encore une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention présente une perte diélectrique mesurées à 90°C comprise entre 0,01 et 30, de préférence encore entre 0,02 et 25, plus préférentiellement entre 0,02 et 10. Again advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention exhibits a dielectric loss measured at 90 ° C of between 0.01 and 30, more preferably between 0.02 and 25, more preferably between 0.02 and 10.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, une composition lubrifiante formulée selon l’invention comprend, voire est constituée de : According to a preferred embodiment, a lubricating composition formulated according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
- une huile de base, ou mélange d’huiles de base, de préférence choisie parmi les huiles de base du groupe III, les huiles de base du groupe IV ou V; - a base oil, or mixture of base oils, preferably chosen from base oils of group III, base oils of group IV or V;
- un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, en particulier tels que définis précédemment, de préférence de type ester de triaryle phosphate, en particulier répondant à la formule (II) telle que définie précédemment ; - one or more phosphorus compounds free from sulfur and from an amine function, in particular as defined above, preferably of the triaryl phosphate ester type, in particular corresponding to formula (II) as defined above;
- éventuellement un ou plusieurs additifs additionnels, choisis parmi les antioxydants, les détergents, les dispersants, les additifs abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti mousse, et leurs mélanges. - optionally one or more additional additives, chosen from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, pour point lowering additives, anti-foaming agents, and mixtures thereof.
De préférence, une composition lubrifiante formulée selon l’invention comprend, voire est constituée de : Preferably, a lubricating composition formulated according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
- de 0,1 % à 5 % massique, en particulier de 0,5 à 3 % massique, d’un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, de préférence choisis parmi les esters de triaryle phosphate, en particulier répondant à la formule (II) telle que définie précédemment, et les esters de triaryle phosphite, en particulier répondant à la formule (IG) telle que définie précédemment, plus préférentiellement choisi parmi le tri(isopropylphényle) phosphate et le Tris(2,4 ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite ; - from 0.1% to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 3% by weight, of one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, preferably chosen from esters of triaryl phosphate, in particular corresponding to with formula (II) as defined above, and the triaryl phosphite esters, in particular corresponding to formula (IG) as defined above, more preferably chosen from tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate and Tris (2,4 ditert -butylphenyl) phosphite;
- de 50 % à 99,5 % massique, en particulier de 60 à 99 % massique, d’une ou plusieurs huiles de base, de préférence choisies parmi les huiles de base du groupe III, les huiles de base du groupe IV ou V et leurs mélanges ; et - from 50% to 99.5% by weight, in particular from 60 to 99% by weight, of one or more base oils, preferably chosen from the base oils of group III, the base oils of group IV or V and their mixtures; and
- éventuellement de 0, 1 à 5 % massique d’un ou plusieurs additifs choisis parmi les antioxydants, les détergents, les dispersants, les additifs abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse, et leurs mélanges; - optionally from 0.1 to 5% by mass of one or more additives chosen from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, additives for lowering the pour point, anti-foam agents, and mixtures thereof;
les teneurs étant exprimées par rapport à la masse totale de ladite composition lubrifiante. the contents being expressed relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
APPLICATION APPLICATION
Comme mentionné précédemment, une composition formulée selon l’invention, telle que décrite précédemment, est mise en œuvre comme lubrifiant pour un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, et plus particulièrement du moteur et de l’électrique de puissance dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. As mentioned above, a composition formulated according to the invention, as described above, is used as a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly of the engine and of the power electric in a electric or hybrid vehicle.
Ainsi, la présente invention concerne l’utilisation d’une composition telle que définie précédemment, mettant en œuvre à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression, de préférence à titre d’unique additif anti-usure et extrême-pression, un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, en particulier tels que définis ci-dessus, de préférence de type ester de triaryle phosphate, en particulier répondant à la formule (II) telle que définie précédemment, pour lubrifier un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification du moteur électrique et de l’électrique de puissance d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Thus, the present invention relates to the use of a composition as defined above, using as anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, preferably as sole anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, in particular as defined above, preferably of triaryl phosphate ester type, in particular corresponding to formula (II) as defined above, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electric of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
La présente invention concerne ainsi l’utilisation, à titre d’additif dans une composition lubrifiante, d’un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, en particulier tels que définis ci-dessus, pour simultanément réduire l’usure et ne pas causer de corrosion au niveau des pièces d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier au niveau du bobinage du stator et rotor, des capteurs dans le système de propulsion, des électrovannes dans le système hydraulique mais aussi au niveau des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique et/ou de la transmission, en particulier du réducteur, dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. The present invention thus relates to the use, as an additive in a lubricating composition, of one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, in particular as defined above, for simultaneously reducing wear and not to cause corrosion on the parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular on the stator and rotor winding, sensors in the propulsion system, solenoid valves in the hydraulic system but also at the level of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Comme représenté schématiquement en Figure 1, le système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, comprend notamment la partie moteur électrique (1), une batterie électrique (2) et une transmission, en particulier un réducteur de vitesse (3). As shown schematically in Figure 1, the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprises in particular the electric motor part (1), an electric battery (2) and a transmission, in particular a speed reducer (3).
Le moteur électrique comprend typiquement une électronique de puissance (11) reliée à un stator (13) et un rotor (14). Le stator comprend des bobines, en particulier des bobines de cuivre, qui sont alimentées alternativement par un courant électrique. Ceci permet de générer un champ magnétique tournant. Le rotor comprend lui-même des bobines, des aimants permanents ou d’autres matériaux magnétiques, et est mis en rotation par le champ magnétique tournant. The electric motor typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14). The stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field. The rotor itself consists of coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
Un roulement (12) est généralement intégré entre le stator (13) et le rotor (14). Une transmission, et en particulier un réducteur de vitesse (3), permet de réduire la vitesse de rotation en sortie du moteur électrique et d’adapter la vitesse transmise aux roues, permettant dans le même temps de contrôler la vitesse du véhicule. A bearing (12) is generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14). A transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3), makes it possible to reduce the speed of rotation at the output of the electric motor and to adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, allowing at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
Le roulement (12) est notamment soumis à de fortes contraintes mécaniques et pose des problèmes d’usure par fatigue. Il est donc nécessaire de lubrifier le roulement afin d’augmenter sa durée de vie. Egalement, le réducteur est soumis à de fortes contraintes en friction et nécessite donc d’être lubrifié de manière appropriée afin d’éviter qu’il ne soit endommagé trop rapidement. The bearing (12) is particularly subjected to high mechanical stresses and poses fatigue wear problems. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to increase its life. Also, the reducer is subjected to high friction stresses and therefore needs to be lubricated appropriately in order to prevent it from being damaged too quickly.
Ainsi, l’invention concerne en particulier l’utilisation d’une composition telle que décrite précédemment pour lubrifier un moteur électrique d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour lubrifier les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique. Thus, the invention relates in particular to the use of a composition as described above for lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in especially for lubricating bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor.
Elle concerne encore la mise en œuvre d’une composition telle que décrite précédemment pour lubrifier la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. It also relates to the use of a composition as described above to lubricate the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Avantageusement, une composition selon l’invention peut ainsi être utilisée pour lubrifier les différentes pièces d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique et/ou la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Advantageously, a composition according to the invention can thus be used to lubricate the various parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
De manière avantageuse, comme évoqué précédemment, une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention présente d’excellentes performances anti-usure et extrême pression tout en étant non corrosive. Advantageously, as mentioned above, a lubricating composition according to the invention exhibits excellent anti-wear and extreme pressure performance while being non-corrosive.
L’invention concerne encore, selon un autre de ses aspects, un procédé de lubrification d’au moins une pièce d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique ; et/ou de la transmission, notamment du réducteur, comprenant au moins une étape de mise en contact d’au moins ladite pièce, avec une composition telle que décrite précédemment. The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of lubricating at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of. an electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
La présente invention propose ainsi un procédé pour simultanément diminuer l’usure et ne pas causer de corrosion au niveau d’au moins une pièce d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique ; et/ou de la transmission, notamment du réducteur, ledit procédé comprenant au moins une étape de mise en contact d’au moins ladite pièce, avec une composition telle que décrite précédemment. The present invention thus proposes a method for simultaneously reducing wear and not causing corrosion in at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, said method comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
L’ensemble des caractéristiques et préférences décrites pour la composition utilisée selon l’invention ainsi que pour ses utilisations s’applique également à ce procédé. All of the characteristics and preferences described for the composition used according to the invention as well as for its uses also apply to this process.
Il peut également s’avérer avantageux d’assurer une isolation électrique des différentes pièces du système de propulsion. It may also be advantageous to provide electrical insulation of the various parts of the propulsion system.
Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation particulier, une composition selon l’invention peut présenter, outre des propriétés de lubrification, de bonnes propriétés d’isolation électrique. Selon ce mode de réalisation, une composition selon l’invention peut simultanément être utilisée pour lubrifier une ou plusieurs pièces d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification des capteurs et des électrovannes du moteur, des roulements, mais aussi du bobinage situé au niveau du rotor et du stator d’un moteur électrique, ou encore la lubrification au niveau de la transmission, en particulier les engrenages, les capteurs, les électrovannes, ou bien le réducteur que l’on retrouve dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride, et pour isoler électriquement au moins une pièce dudit système de propulsion, notamment de la batterie, du moteur ou encore de l’électronique de puissance. Thus, according to a particular embodiment, a composition according to the invention can exhibit, in addition to lubricating properties, good electrical insulation properties. According to this embodiment, a composition according to the invention can simultaneously be used to lubricate one or more parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the sensors and solenoid valves of the engine, bearings, but also the winding located at the rotor and stator of an electric motor, or the lubrication at the transmission level, in particular the gears, sensors, solenoid valves, or the reducer that we find in an electric or hybrid vehicle, and to electrically isolate at least one part of said propulsion system, in particular from the battery, from the engine or from the power electronics.
Dans le cadre d’une telle variante de mise en œuvre, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention présente avantageusement une viscosité cinématique, mesurée à 100°C selon la norme ASTM D445, comprise entre 2 et 8 mm2/s, de préférence entre 3 et 7 mm2/s. Il est entendu que les utilisations décrites ci-dessus peuvent être combinées, une composition telle que décrite précédemment pouvant être utilisée à la fois à titre de lubrifiant, d’isolant électrique et mais aussi en tant que fluide de refroidissement pour le moteur, la batterie et la transmission d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. In the context of such an implementation variant, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention advantageously exhibits a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 2 and 8 mm 2 / s, preferably between 3 and 7 mm 2 / s. It is understood that the uses described above can be combined, a composition as described above can be used both as a lubricant, as an electrical insulator and also as a cooling fluid for the engine, the battery. and the transmission of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Selon l'invention, les caractéristiques particulières, avantageuses ou préférées de la composition selon l'invention, permettent de définir des utilisations selon l'invention qui sont également particulières, avantageuses ou préférées. According to the invention, the particular, advantageous or preferred characteristics of the composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
L’invention va maintenant être décrite au moyen des exemples suivants, donnés bien entendu à titre illustratif et non limitatif de l’invention. The invention will now be described by means of the following examples, given of course by way of illustration and without limitation of the invention.
Exemple Example
Différentes compositions ont été évaluées : Different compositions were evaluated:
- une composition Cl comprenant un composé phosphoré A, conforme à l’invention : le tri(isopropylphényle) phosphate ; - A composition C1 comprising a phosphorus compound A, in accordance with the invention: tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate;
- une composition C2 comprenant un composé phosphoré B conforme à l’invention : le tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite ; - A composition C2 comprising a phosphorus compound B in accordance with the invention: tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite;
- une composition C3 comprenant un composé phospho-soufré C connu comme anti-usure et extrême-pression, non conforme à l’invention : le tri-phényl phosphorothionate ; et - une composition C4 comprenant un mélange de composés phosphates d’amine D connus comme anti-usure, non conformes à l’invention, commercialisé sous la référence Irgalube 349 ; - A composition C3 comprising a phospho-sulfur compound C known as anti-wear and extreme pressure, not in accordance with the invention: tri-phenyl phosphorothionate; and - A composition C4 comprising a mixture of phosphate compounds of amine D known as anti-wear, not in accordance with the invention, marketed under the reference Irgalube 349;
- une composition C5 comprenant un mélange de composés dimercaptothiadiazole E connus comme anti-usure, non conformes à l’invention ; - A C5 composition comprising a mixture of dimercaptothiadiazole E compounds known as anti-wear, not in accordance with the invention;
- une composition C6 comprenant un mélange de composés dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc F connus comme anti-usure, non conformes à l’invention. - A composition C6 comprising a mixture of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compounds F known as anti-wear, not in accordance with the invention.
Les compositions Cl à C6 comprennent, outre chacun des composés précités, une huile de base de groupe III. Compositions C1 to C6 comprise, in addition to each of the aforementioned compounds, a group III base oil.
Les compositions et les quantités (exprimées en pourcentage massique) sont indiquées dans le tableau 2 suivant. The compositions and the amounts (expressed as a percentage by mass) are indicated in Table 2 below.
[Tableau 2] [Table 2]
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000026_0001
Evaluation du pouvoir corrodant Corroding power evaluation
Méthode d’ évaluation Method of assessment
Le pouvoir corrosif (ou corrodant) d’une composition peut être évalué selon un test mettant en œuvre l’étude de la variation de la valeur de la résistance électrique d’un fil de cuivre ayant un diamètre préétabli, en fonction de la durée d’immersion de ce fil au sein de la composition. On corréle la variation de la valeur de cette résistance électrique directement avec la variation du diamètre du fil testé. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le diamètre du fil choisi est de 70 pm. The corrosive (or corroding) power of a composition can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire having a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration d immersion of this thread within the composition. The variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested. In the context of the present invention, the diameter of the wire chosen is 70 μm.
Dans le présent cas, un fil de cuivre est immergé dans un tube à essai contenant un volume de 20 mL d’une composition à tester (les compositions Cl et C2 étant des compositions selon l’invention et les compositions C3 à C6 étant des compositions servant de comparaison). In the present case, a copper wire is immersed in a test tube containing a volume of 20 mL of a composition to be tested (compositions C1 and C2 being compositions according to the invention and compositions C3 to C6 being compositions serving as a comparison).
La résistance du fil est mesurée à l’aide d’un ohmmètre. The resistance of the wire is measured using an ohmmeter.
Le courant de mesure est de 1 mA. The measurement current is 1 mA.
La température de la composition à tester est portée à 150°C. The temperature of the composition to be tested is brought to 150 ° C.
La résistance du fil de cuivre est calculée par cette équation (1) : The resistance of the copper wire is calculated by this equation (1):
[Math 1]
Figure imgf000027_0001
[Math 1]
Figure imgf000027_0001
où R est la résistance, p est la résistivité du cuivre, L est la longueur du fil, et S est la surface de section. where R is the resistance, p is the resistivity of copper, L is the length of the wire, and S is the section area.
Dans cette équation (1), p et L sont constants. Ainsi, la résistance R est inversement proportionnelle avec la surface de section du fil immergé. In this equation (1), p and L are constant. Thus, the resistance R is inversely proportional with the section area of the submerged wire.
Le diamètre du fil est calculé à partir de la surface de section (2) : The wire diameter is calculated from the section area (2):
[Math 2]
Figure imgf000027_0002
[Math 2]
Figure imgf000027_0002
où D est le diamètre du fil. where D is the diameter of the wire.
On injecte l’équation (2) dans (1) pour avoir la relation entre la résistance et le diamètre (3) : [Math 3]
Figure imgf000027_0003
We inject equation (2) into (1) to have the relation between resistance and diameter (3): [Math 3]
Figure imgf000027_0003
C’est ainsi que, lorsque le fil se trouve corrodé par les compositions à tester, le diamètre du fil diminue, provoquant donc une augmentation de la valeur de la résistance. Thus, when the wire is corroded by the compositions to be tested, the diameter of the wire decreases, therefore causing an increase in the value of the resistance.
En surveillant la résistance, on arrive à suivre le changement du diamètre du fil, qui est une image de la situation de la corrosion subie par le fil immergé. By monitoring the resistance, we are able to follow the change in the diameter of the wire, which is an image of the corrosion situation undergone by the submerged wire.
La perte de diamètre du fil est donc calculée directement partir de la résistance mesurée. Quand la résistance mesurée est infinie, il s’agit d’un circuit ouvert. Cela signifie donc que le fil s’est cassé, ce qui définit une corrosion très sévère. The wire diameter loss is therefore calculated directly from the measured resistance. When the measured resistance is infinite, it is an open circuit. This therefore means that the wire has broken, which defines very severe corrosion.
Résultats Les résultats sont récapitulés dans le tableau 3 suivant, et sont exprimés en pm (perte de diamètre). Plus la valeur obtenue est faible, meilleures sont les propriétés anti-corrosion de la composition évaluée. Results The results are summarized in Table 3 below, and are expressed in μm (loss of diameter). The lower the value obtained, the better the anti-corrosion properties of the composition evaluated.
On estime qu’une composition est « non-corrosive » lorsque la perte de diamètre du fil de cuivre étudié, est inférieure ou égale à 0,5 pm après immersion pendant 80 heures, en particulier inférieure ou égale à 0,1 pm après immersion pendant 20 heures dans la composition. It is estimated that a composition is “non-corrosive” when the loss in diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 0.5 μm after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to 0.1 μm after immersion. for 20 hours in the composition.
[Tableau 3] [Table 3]
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
II ressort de ces résultats que l’ajout d’un additif phosphoré exempt de soufre et de fonction amine selon l’invention ne s’accompagne pas d’effet corrosif, à la différence d’additifs anti usure phosphorés soufrés ou aminés. It emerges from these results that the addition of a phosphorus additive free of sulfur and of an amine function according to the invention is not accompanied by a corrosive effect, unlike sulfur or amine phosphorus antiwear additives.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1. Utilisation d’au moins un composé phosphoré, exempt de soufre et de fonction amine, à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême-pression dans une composition lubrifiante destinée à un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. 1. Use of at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive in a lubricating composition intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le composé phosphoré exempt de soufre et de fonction amine est choisi parmi des dérivés d’acide phosphorique, en particulier parmi les esters de phosphate, les esters de phosphonate, les esters de phosphinate, les esters de phosphite et les oxydes de phosphine, et plus particulièrement parmi les composés de formule (I) suivante : 2. Use according to claim 1, in which the phosphorus compound free of sulfur and of an amine function is chosen from phosphoric acid derivatives, in particular from phosphate esters, phosphonate esters, phosphinate esters, esters. of phosphite and phosphine oxides, and more particularly among the compounds of formula (I) below:
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
dans laquelle s vaut 0 ou 1 ; et where s is 0 or 1; and
les radicaux X représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, des groupes -OR’ ou R’, où R’ représente un groupe hydrocarboné ayant de préférence de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, sous réserve que, lorsque s vaut 0, les trois radicaux X représentent des groupes -OR’ et que, lorsque s vaut 1, au moins deux des trois radicaux X représentent des groupes -OR’. the radicals X represent, independently of each other, groups -OR 'or R', where R 'represents a hydrocarbon group preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, with the proviso that, when s is 0, the three radicals X represent -OR 'groups and that, when s is 1, at least two of the three radicals X represent -OR' groups.
3. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit composé phosphoré exempt de soufre et de fonction amine est choisi parmi les esters de phosphate, en particulier de formule (II) suivante : 3. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said phosphorus compound free of sulfur and of an amine function is chosen from phosphate esters, in particular of the following formula (II):
Figure imgf000029_0002
Figure imgf000029_0002
dans laquelle les groupements R représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, des groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés en Ci à Cio, en particulier en C3 à Cx, et n représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, 0, 1 ou 2 ; de préférence n valent 1 et R représentent des groupements en position para, de préférence des groupements alkyles, en particulier ramifiés, en C3 à CÔ ; en particulier ledit composé phosphoré exempt de soufre et de fonction amine est le tri(isopropylphényle) phosphate. in which the groups R represent, independently of one another, alkyl groups, linear or branched in Ci to Cio, in particular from C 3 to Cx, and n represent, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2; preferably n are 1 and R represent groups in the para position, preferably alkyl groups, in particularly branched, C3 to C6 ; in particular said phosphorus compound free of sulfur and of an amine function is tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate.
4. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle ledit composé phosphoré exempt de soufre et de fonction amine est choisi parmi les esters de phosphite, en particulier de formule (IG) suivante : 4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said phosphorus compound free of sulfur and of amine function is chosen from phosphite esters, in particular of the following formula (IG):
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
dans laquelle les groupements R représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, des groupements alkyles, linéaires ou ramifiés en Ci à Cio, en particulier en C3 à Cx, et n représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, 0, 1 ou 2 ; de préférence n valent 1 et R représentent des groupements en position para, de préférence des groupements alkyles, en particulier ramifiés, en C3 à CÔ ; en particulier ledit composé phosphoré exempt de soufre et de fonction amine est le tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)phosphite. in which the groups R represent, independently of one another, alkyl groups, linear or branched in C1 to Cio, in particular from C3 to Cx, and n represent, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2; preferably n are 1 and R represent groups in the para position, preferably alkyl groups, in particular branched, C3 to C6 ; in particular said phosphorus compound free of sulfur and of an amine function is tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
5. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le ou lesdits composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine sont présents en une teneur comprise entre 0,01 % et 10 % massique, de préférence entre 0,1 % et 5 % massique, plus préférentiellement comprise entre 0,5 % et 3 % massique, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition. 5. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the said phosphorus compound (s) free of sulfur and of an amine function are present in a content of between 0.01% and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
6. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ladite composition lubrifiante comprenant au moins une huile de base choisie parmi les polyalkylène glycols, les polyalphaoléfines, les ester d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools, et leurs mélanges. 6. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said lubricating composition comprising at least one base oil selected from polyalkylene glycols, polyalphaolefins, esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and mixtures thereof.
7. Utilisation d’une composition lubrifiante comprenant au moins un composé phosphoré, exempt de soufre et de fonction amine, à titre d’additif anti-usure et extrême- pression, pour lubrifier et éventuellement refroidir un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification et le refroidissement du moteur électrique et de l’électronique de puissance d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. 7. Use of a lubricating composition comprising at least one phosphorus compound, free of sulfur and of an amine function, as an anti-wear and extreme pressure additive, for lubricating and optionally cooling a propulsion system of an electric vehicle. or hybrid, in particular for lubricating and cooling the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
8. Utilisation selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle le composé phosphoré est tel que défini selon l’une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4. 8. Use according to the preceding claim, wherein the phosphorus compound is as defined according to any one of claims 2 to 4.
9. Utilisation selon la revendication 7 ou 8, pour lubrifier les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique, et/ou la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. 9. Use according to claim 7 or 8, for lubricating the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
10. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, dans laquelle la composition lubrifiante comprend, voire est constituée de : 10. Use according to any one of claims 7 to 9, in which the lubricating composition comprises, or even consists of:
- de 0,1 % à 5 % massique, en particulier de 0,5 à 3 % massique, d’un ou plusieurs composés phosphorés exempts de soufre et de fonction amine, de préférence choisis parmi les esters de triaryle phosphate et les esters de triaryle phosphite, plus préférentiellement choisi parmi le tri(isopropylphényle) phosphate et le Tris(2,4 ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite ; - from 0.1% to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 3% by weight, of one or more phosphorus compounds free of sulfur and of an amine function, preferably chosen from esters of triaryl phosphate and esters of triaryl phosphite, more preferably chosen from tri (isopropylphenyl) phosphate and Tris (2,4 ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite;
- de 50 % à 99,5% massique, en particulier de 60 à 99 % massique, d’une ou plusieurs huiles de base, de préférence choisies parmi les huiles de base du groupe III, les huiles de base du groupe IV ou V et leurs mélanges ; et - from 50% to 99.5% by weight, in particular from 60 to 99% by weight, of one or more base oils, preferably chosen from the base oils of group III, the base oils of group IV or V and their mixtures; and
- éventuellement de 0,1 à 5 % massique d’un ou plusieurs additifs choisis parmi les antioxydants, les détergents, les dispersants, les additifs abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse, et leurs mélanges ; - optionally from 0.1 to 5% by mass of one or more additives chosen from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, additives for lowering the pour point, anti-foaming agents, and mixtures thereof;
les teneurs étant exprimées par rapport à la masse totale de ladite composition lubrifiante. the contents being expressed relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
PCT/EP2020/067825 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of a phosphorus compound as a non-corrosive extreme-pressure and anti-wear additive in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle WO2020260462A1 (en)

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CN202080049712.6A CN114096646A (en) 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of phosphorus-containing compounds as non-corrosive extreme pressure and antiwear additives in lubricants for propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles
KR1020227001743A KR20220047253A (en) 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of phosphorus compounds as non-corrosive extreme pressure and anti-wear additives in lubricants for propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles
EP20734043.1A EP3990590A1 (en) 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of a phosphorus compound as a non-corrosive extreme-pressure and anti-wear additive in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle
JP2021577602A JP2022538638A (en) 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of phosphorus compounds as non-corrosive extreme pressure and antiwear additives in lubricants for propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles
MX2021015549A MX2021015549A (en) 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of a phosphorus compound as a non-corrosive extreme-pressure and anti-wear additive in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
US17/619,872 US20220380697A1 (en) 2019-06-28 2020-06-25 Use of a phosphorus compound as a non-corrosive extreme-pressure and anti-wear additive in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle

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