WO2020260458A1 - Use of a succinimide compound as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Use of a succinimide compound as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020260458A1
WO2020260458A1 PCT/EP2020/067820 EP2020067820W WO2020260458A1 WO 2020260458 A1 WO2020260458 A1 WO 2020260458A1 EP 2020067820 W EP2020067820 W EP 2020067820W WO 2020260458 A1 WO2020260458 A1 WO 2020260458A1
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Prior art keywords
succinimide
group
additive
compound
type
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PCT/EP2020/067820
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French (fr)
Inventor
Shimin Zhang
Hakim EL-BAHI
Julien Guérin
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Total Marketing Services
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Application filed by Total Marketing Services filed Critical Total Marketing Services
Priority to KR1020227001741A priority Critical patent/KR20220032057A/en
Priority to CN202080047573.3A priority patent/CN114096645B/en
Priority to US17/619,859 priority patent/US20220364010A1/en
Priority to EP20736592.5A priority patent/EP3990593A1/en
Priority to JP2021577601A priority patent/JP2022538637A/en
Priority to MX2021015548A priority patent/MX2021015548A/en
Publication of WO2020260458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020260458A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/22—Alkylation reaction products with aromatic type compounds, e.g. Friedel-crafts
    • C10M2205/223—Alkylation reaction products with aromatic type compounds, e.g. Friedel-crafts used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It relates more particularly to the use of compounds of succinimide type for improving the anti-corrosion properties of a lubricating composition incorporating one or more anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
  • the term “electric vehicle” is intended to denote a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, unlike a hybrid vehicle which comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined propulsion means. .
  • propulsion system within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle.
  • the propulsion system thus more particularly includes an electric motor, or the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
  • lubricating compositions also called “lubricants”, for the main purposes of reducing the frictional forces between the various parts of the propulsion system. vehicle, especially between moving metal parts in engines.
  • lubricating compositions are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface.
  • a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oil (s), which are generally associated with several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oil, such as, for example, friction modifying additives, but also to provide additional performance.
  • base oil s
  • additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oil, such as, for example, friction modifying additives, but also to provide additional performance.
  • anti-wear additives are considered in order to reduce the wear of the mechanical parts of the engine, and thus prevent a degradation of the durability of the engine.
  • anti-wear additives among which there may be mentioned, for example, dimercaptothiadiazoles, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins, amine phosphates, or else phospho-sulfur additives, such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
  • antiwear additives preference is given in particular to amine and / or sulfur antiwear agents, such as dimercaptothiadiazoles, zinc dithiophosphate or polysulphides.
  • the lubricant is insulating in order to avoid any failure in the electrical components.
  • a conductive lubricant can lead to a risk of electric current leakage from the stator and rotor windings, thus reducing the efficiency of the propulsion systems, and creating a possible overheating at the level of the electrical components, even up to 'damage the system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the implementation of lubricants for vehicle engine systems electric or hybrid, whether the lubricants have good "electrical" properties in addition to non-corrosive properties.
  • the present invention aims precisely to overcome this drawback.
  • the present invention relates to the use of at least one compound of succinimide type, as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricating composition, intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle and comprising one or more additives.
  • succinimide type such as for example polyalkylene succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSI)
  • PIBSI polyisobutylene succinimides
  • the addition of at least one compound of succinimide type advantageously makes it possible to improve the anti-corrosion properties of a lubricant comprising one or more anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s). .
  • anti-corrosion additive is intended to denote an additive making it possible to prevent or reduce the corrosion of metal parts.
  • An anti-corrosion additive used in a composition thus makes it possible to improve the so-called “anti-corrosion” properties of this composition.
  • the corrosive (or corroding) power of a compound can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire of a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration immersing this yarn in a composition comprising, in a non-corrosive medium, for example in one or more base oils, said compound to be tested.
  • the variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested.
  • a compound is qualified as “non-corrosive” when the loss in diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 1.3 ⁇ m after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to to 0.8 ⁇ m after immersion for 40 hours in the composition comprising said compound.
  • the dielectric properties of a lubricant are represented in particular by the electrical resistivity and the dielectric loss (tan d), and they can be measured according to standard IEC 60247.
  • Electrical resistivity represents the material's ability to oppose the flow of electric current. It is expressed in ohm-meter (W hi) The resistivity must not be low to avoid electrical conduction.
  • the electrical dissipation factor or the tangent of the loss angle is the complementary angle of the phase shift between the applied voltage and the alternating current. This factor reflects the energy losses by the Joule effect. The temperature rises are therefore directly linked to the value of d.
  • Transmission oil typically has a tan value of on the order of one at room temperature. A good insulating lubricant should maintain a low level of tan d.
  • the succinimide-type compound used according to the invention is chosen from polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene (PIB) mono- or bis-succinimides; their borated derivatives; their succinic anhydride derivatives such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (PIBSA); compounds obtained by opening such a succinic anhydride ring such as pentaerythritol ester succinimide PIBs; and their mixtures.
  • polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides such as polyisobutene (PIB) mono- or bis-succinimides
  • borated derivatives such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (PIBSA)
  • PIBSA polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides
  • the compound of succinimide type is chosen from:
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • Amino and / or sulfur anti-wear additives used in a lubricating composition according to the invention are more particularly detailed in the remainder of the text. They are preferably chosen from amine and sulfur anti-wear additives. They may preferably be compounds of the thia (di) azoles type, in particular dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives. Also, a composition suitable for the invention has the advantage of being easy to formulate. In addition to good anti-wear and anti-corrosion performance, it exhibits good stability, in particular to oxidation, as well as good properties in terms of electrical insulation.
  • the present invention also relates to the use, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition lubricant comprising:
  • the present invention also relates to a method of lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact with a lubricating composition comprising at least a compound of succinimide type as defined in the invention, as anti-corrosion additive, and at least one amine and / or sulfur anti-wear additive as defined in the invention.
  • a lubricating composition according to the invention is used to lubricate the electric motor itself, in particular the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • FIG 1 schematically represents an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
  • the additive used as an anti-corrosion agent according to the invention, together with one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives, in a lubricating composition for a vehicle engine system electric or hybrid is a compound of the succinimide type.
  • succinimide-type compounds have already been proposed for their use as dispersing agents, such as, for example, polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene (PIB) mono- or bis-succinimides; their borated derivatives; their succinic anhydride derivatives, as by example polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (PIBSA); compounds obtained by opening such a succinic anhydride ring, such as for example polyisobutylene pentaerythritol ester succinimides.
  • PIB polyisobutene
  • PIBSA polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides
  • succinimide-type compounds are compounds comprising at least one succinimide group, in other words a group of following formula (i):
  • the compounds of succinimide type can be of various kinds. They can be mono-succinimide or bis-succinimide compounds.
  • the compound of succinimide type is chosen from compounds comprising at least one substituted succinimide group, in particular of the following formula (ii): [Chem 2]
  • R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group, preferably comprising from 8 to 400 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 can be more particularly chosen from linear or branched C6 to C400 alkyl groups, in particular C50 to C200, linear or branched C6 to C400 alkenyl groups, in particular C50 to C200, aryl groups in Cr, to Cio, arylalkyl groups and alkylaryl groups.
  • R 1 represents a long alkyl chain, preferably branched, Cs to C400, in particular C50 to C200 or a long alkenyl chain, preferably branched, Cx to C400, in particular C50 to C200 comprising a single double bond of which one of the two carbon atoms is directly linked to the succinimide ring.
  • R 1 represents a polyalkylene group, preferably having an average molecular mass Mw of between 140 and 50,000, in particular between 2,000 and 30,000.
  • R 1 represents a poly isobutylene group, preferably with a number-average molecular mass of between 140 and 30,000, in particular between 2,000 and 20,000, or even 2,000 and 7,000 and in particular between 3,000 and 5,000.
  • n an integer ranging from 6 to 500.
  • R 1 represents a hydrocarbon-based group, preferably comprising
  • the compound of succinimide type can be chosen from mono-succinimide compounds comprising a substituted succinimide group of above-mentioned formula (ii) and bis-succinimide compounds comprising two substituted succinimide groups, in particular of above-mentioned formula (ii), said succinimide groups being more particularly linked at their summit bearing a nitrogen atom via a polyamine group.
  • the compound of succinimide type used according to the invention corresponds to the following formula (I):
  • A represents an alkylene group, linear or branched, C2 to C24, preferably C 2 to C 6 ;
  • R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another, from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, in particular from C1 to C25; an alkoxy group, in particular C 1 to C 12 , an alkenyl group, in particular C 2 to C 12 , optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl and / or amine functions;
  • R 2 and R 3 together form, with the nitrogen atom carrying them, an optionally substituted succinimide group, preferably a succinimide group substituted with an R 1 group as defined above.
  • a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention can be a mono-succinimide compound of above-mentioned formula (I) in which R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another. , from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, in particular C 1 to C 25 ; an alkoxy group, in particular C 1 to C 12 , an alkenyl group, in particular C 2 to C 12 , optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl and / or amine functions.
  • R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another. , from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, in particular C 1 to C 25 ; an alkoxy group, in particular C 1 to C 12 , an alkenyl group, in particular C 2 to C 12 , optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl and / or amine functions.
  • a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention is of formula (I) above in which R 2 and R 3 represent hydrogen atoms.
  • a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention can be of the following formula (II):
  • A is as defined above, preferably represents at least one of the following segments -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH 2 -CH (CH) -;
  • a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention can be a bis-succinimide compound of formula ( I) above in which R 2 and R 3 together form, with the nitrogen atom carrying them, an optionally substituted succinimide group, preferably a succinimide group substituted with an R 1 group as defined above.
  • a bis-succinimide-type compound used according to the invention may be of the following formula (III):
  • R 1 identical or different, are as defined above;
  • z represents an integer between 0 and 10, preferably between 2 and 6;
  • s represents an integer between 2 and 6, preferably between 2 and 4.
  • the compound of bis-succinimide type may be of formula (III) in which R 1 represent polyalkylene groups, in particular polyisobutylene groups, preferably with a molecular mass of between 150 and 15,000, in particular between 500 and 2000 and in particular between 500 and 1500.
  • the borated derivatives of the compounds of succinimide type of formula (I), (II) or (III) above can be obtained from non-borated compounds of succinimide type, by reaction with borates, for example with boric acid, in particular to achieve a concentration of 0.1 to 3% by mass, in particular from 1 to 2% by mass of boron in the succinimide compound.
  • succinic anhydride derivatives suitable for the invention mention may be made of polyisoalkylene succinic anhydrides, in particular polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (called “PIB SA”) such as the following compound, of molecular mass in number Mn of between 300 and 30,000 and with a molecular mass by mass Mw of between 300 and 30,000:
  • PIB SA polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides
  • R is a polyisobutylene group.
  • the polyalkylenes pentaerithritol ester succinimides such as, for example, the polyisobutylene pentaerithritol ester succinimides of the following formulas, of molecular mass in number Mn of between 300 and 30,000 and of molecular mass in mass. Mw between 300 and 30,000:
  • PIB represents polyisobutylene
  • PIB represents polyisobutylene
  • alkyl a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group
  • Cx to Cz alkyl represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain of x to z carbon atoms
  • alkylene represents a divalent alkyl group.
  • a C x -C z alkylene group represents a divalent hydrocarbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched;
  • alkenyl an unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic group
  • a Cx to Cz alkenyl group represents an unsaturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched
  • alkoxy an -O-alkyl radical, in which the alkyl group is as defined above; aryl, a mono- or polycyclic aromatic group, in particular comprising between 5 and 10 carbon atoms.
  • aryl a mono- or polycyclic aromatic group, in particular comprising between 5 and 10 carbon atoms.
  • aryl group mention may be made of phenyl, tolyl or naphthyl groups.
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • the additive of succinimide type is chosen from the mono- or bis-succinimides of the above-mentioned formula (I), in particular the mono-succinimides of the above-mentioned formula (II), the bis-succinimides of the above-mentioned formula (III), and their mixtures.
  • the additive of succinimide type is chosen from:
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • the additive of succinimide type is chosen from the following compounds:
  • n is from 6 to 500, preferably is 90; and R is a linear or branched, C2 to C24, preferably C2 to C6 alkylene OR a group -R ”- (NH-R ') x- in which R' and R” represent, independently one of the other a linear or branched alkylene, C2 to C24, preferably from C2 to C6 and x is an integer ranging from 1 to 6, preferably x is 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • n is from 10 to 350, preferably is 65; and R is a linear or branched alkyl, C1 to C24, preferably from C2 to G or a group - (R '- (NH) yH in which R' represents a linear or branched, C2 to C24 alkylene, preferably from C2 to C>,, and y is an integer ranging from 1 to 6, preferably x is 2, 3 or 4.
  • R is more precisely a succinimide PIB whose average molecular mass Mn is between 800 and 18,000 preferably is 3519; the average molecular weight Mw is between 1000 and 20,000, preferably is 6220; the polydispersity index Ip is between 1.5 and 2.3, preferably is 1 , 6; and
  • a succinimide-type compound considered according to the invention can be in the form of a mixture of at least two succinimide-type compounds, in particular as defined above.
  • the succinimide-type compounds used according to the invention can be commercially available, or else prepared according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • succinimide-type compounds can be synthesized by condensation of an optionally substituted succinic anhydride, for example of a succinic anhydride substituted with a polyisobutylene group, with a poly (alkyleneamine).
  • an optionally substituted succinic anhydride for example of a succinic anhydride substituted with a polyisobutylene group
  • a poly (alkyleneamine) for example, a poly (alkyleneamine).
  • PIB polyisobutylene group
  • the invention is not limited to the succinimide-type compounds specifically described above.
  • Other succinimide-type compounds in particular known as dispersants, can be used as anti-corrosion additives according to the invention.
  • the compound (s) of succinimide type in particular as defined above, can be used in a lubricating composition according to the invention, in an amount of 0.01% to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.1% to 10% by mass, and more particularly from 0.5% to 8% by mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention does not include other anti-corrosion additives distinct from compounds of succinimide type.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention is free from anti-corrosion additive of triazole type or of compound type with an amine function or sterically hindered phenolic function.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives.
  • amine and / or sulfur anti-wear additive is intended to denote an additive chosen from amine anti-wear additives, sulfur anti-wear additives and amine and sulfur anti-wear additives.
  • anti-wear additive is intended to denote a compound which, used in a lubricating composition, in particular a lubricating composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, makes it possible to improve the anti-wear properties of the composition.
  • the amine and / or sulfur antiwear additive can for example be chosen from additives of the thia (di) azole type, in particular derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole; polysulfide additives, in particular sulfur olefins, amine phosphates, phospho-sulfur additives such as alkylthiophosphates, and mixtures thereof.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises at least one anti-wear additive of the thia (di) azoles type.
  • Thia (di) azole compounds are compounds which contain both a sulfur atom and at least one nitrogen atom in a five atom ring.
  • Benzothiazoles are a special type of thia (di) azoles.
  • This term thia (di) azole includes, in addition to the cyclic compounds containing one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom per ring with five atoms, also thiadiazoles which contain sulfur and two nitrogen atoms in such a ring.
  • thia (di) azole type compounds can be chosen from benzothiazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives.
  • the antiwear additive can be a thiadiazole derivative.
  • Thiadiazoles are heterocyclic compounds comprising two nitrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, two carbon atoms and two double bonds, of general formula C2N2SH2, which may exist in the following forms, respectively: 1,2,3-thiadiazole; 1,2,4-thiadiazole; 1,2,5-thiadiazole; 1,3,4-thiadiazole:
  • the thiadiazole derivative is a derivative of dimercaptothiadiazole.
  • a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one anti-wear additive chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiazole.
  • dimercaptothiadiazole derivative means chemical compounds derived from the following four dimercaptothiadiazole molecules, below: 4,5-dimercapto 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto-1,2,4 -thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto-l, 2,5-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-thiadiazole, taken alone or as a mixture:
  • R 1 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 18, more preferably from 4 to 16, even more preferably from 8 to 12 or an aromatic substituent.
  • 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-thiadiazole the derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-thiadiazole are molecules of the following formulas taken alone or as a mixture:
  • group (s) R 1 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen atoms, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups, comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 18, more preferably from 4 to 16, even more preferably from 8 to 12 or aromatic substituents, n being, independently of one another, integers equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably n being equal to 1.
  • R independently of one another represent linear alkyl groups, Ci-C24, preferably C2 to Cis, in particular C4 to C 6, more preferably Cs to C12 and preferably C12 .
  • dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives used in the present invention may be commercially available, for example from the suppliers Vanderbilt, Rhein Chemie or Afton.
  • the amine and / or sulfur anti-wear additive or additives used in a lubricating composition according to the invention can still be chosen from among sulfur-based anti-wear additives of the polysulfide type, in particular sulfur olefins.
  • the sulfur-containing olefins used in a lubricating composition according to the invention can in particular be dialkyl sulfides represented by the general formula R a -S x -R b , where R a and R b are alkyl groups comprising from 3 to 15 carbon atoms. , preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferentially 3 carbon atoms, and x is an integer between 2 and 6.
  • the polysulfide additive is chosen from dialkyl trisulfides.
  • the anti-wear additive present in a composition used according to the invention is chosen from amino and sulfur anti-wear additives, and advantageously from thia (di) azole compounds as described above and more preferably among the derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by mass and more particularly from 0.5 to 3% by mass of anti-wear additive (s) amines and / or sulfur, preferably of thia (di) azole type and more preferably chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
  • anti-wear additive s
  • amines and / or sulfur preferably of thia (di) azole type and more preferably chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole
  • anti-wear additives known in particular for lubricants for propulsion systems, distinct from amino and / or sulfur additives, can be envisaged, provided that they do not affect the properties conferred by the combination. of said compound (s) of succinimide type and of said amino and / or sulfur antiwear additive (s) according to the invention.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 15% by mass, in particular from 0.1 to 10% by mass and more particularly from 0.5 to 5% by mass of anti- additive (s). wear, including one or more amine and / or sulfur additives, as described above.
  • anti- additive s
  • wear including one or more amine and / or sulfur additives, as described above.
  • a lubricant composition required according to the invention is free of antiwear additive other than said amine and / or sulfur antiwear additive (s) used according to the invention.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention combines:
  • one or more compounds of succinimide type in particular chosen from polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides and their borated derivatives, such as polyisobutene mono- or bis-succinimides and their borated derivatives, in particular chosen from compounds of formula ( I) above, preferably from the compounds of formula (II) and (III) as defined above; and
  • amino and sulfur antiwear additives preferably chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiazole, in particular as defined above.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise, in addition to one or more additives of succinimide type and one or more anti-wear additives amine (s) and / or sulfur (s), in particular as defined above, one or more base oils, as well as other additives, conventionally considered in lubricating compositions.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention can thus comprise one or more base oils.
  • base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or their mixtures.
  • It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
  • the base oils of the lubricating compositions considered according to the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
  • Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing. .
  • Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils which can be biobased, can also be used.
  • base oils there is generally no limitation as to the use of different base oils to produce the compositions used according to the invention, except that they must have properties, in particular in terms of viscosity, d 'viscosity index, or resistance to oxidation, suitable for use in propulsion systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the base oils of the compositions used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization. or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization. or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
  • the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da.
  • the weight-average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
  • oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
  • PAO polyalphaolefins
  • PAG polyalkylene glycol
  • esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
  • the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention can be chosen from the base oils of group II or III. It is up to the person skilled in the art to adjust the base oil content to be used in a composition suitable for the invention.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise at least 50% by mass of base oil (s) relative to its total mass, in particular from 60 to 99% by mass of base oil (s), by compared to its total mass.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also further comprise all types of additives, other than additives of succinimide type and anti-wear additives amine (s) and / or sulfur (s) defined in the context of the present invention. , suitable for use in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It is understood that the nature and the amount of additives used are chosen so as not to affect the properties in terms of anti-wear and anti-corrosion performance conferred by the combination of said compound (s) of succinimide type and of or of said amine (s) and / or sulfur (s) additives used according to the invention.
  • Such additives can be chosen from friction modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants distinct from the succinimide-type compounds according to the invention, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foaming agents and mixtures thereof.
  • a composition suitable for the invention comprises at least one additional additive chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, point-d depressants. flow, anti-foam agents and mixtures thereof.
  • additives can be introduced singly and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by G ACEA (Association European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or GARI (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
  • G ACEA Association European Automobile Manufacturers
  • GARI American Petroleum Institute
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
  • the friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
  • the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus.
  • the ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from fatty acid monoesters and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty borate epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
  • the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2%. by weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
  • the antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in use. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
  • Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
  • antioxidant additives currently used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives, can generate ash.
  • the phenolic antioxidant additives can be free of ash or be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
  • the antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C 1 -C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
  • the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -Cio alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group.
  • C I -C O preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably tert-butyl group.
  • Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
  • Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents a alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
  • Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
  • antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention is free from an antioxidant additive of aromatic amine type or of sterically hindered phenol type.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention can also include at least one detergent additive.
  • Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving by-products of oxidation and combustion.
  • the detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
  • the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
  • the associated cation can be a metallic cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
  • the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates.
  • the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium. These metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount.
  • the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one dispersing agent, distinct from the succinimide-type compounds defined according to the invention.
  • the dispersing agent can be selected from Mannich bases.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent (s) distinct (s) from the compounds of succinimide type defined according to the invention, relative to to the total weight of the composition.
  • the lubricating composition used according to the invention does not include any dispersing agent (s), other than the succinimide-type compounds defined according to the invention.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may further comprise at least one antifoam agent.
  • the antifoam agent can be chosen from silicones.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by mass or from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by mass or from 0.1 to 2% by mass of antifoaming agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also include at least one pour point depressant additive (also called “PPD” agents for "For Point Depressant” in English).
  • PPD pour point depressant additive
  • pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
  • pour point lowering additives mention may be made of polymethacrylates of alkyl, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention may be free from anti-corrosion additive of triazole type and from antioxidant additive of aromatic amine type or of sterically hindered phenol type.
  • the said compound (s) of succinimide type may be added to an oil or mixture of base oils, then the other additional additives, including the anti-wear additive (s). amino (s) and / or sulfur (s), added.
  • said compound (s) of succinimide type may be added to a pre-existing conventional lubricating formulation, comprising in particular one or more base oils, one or more anti-wear additives amine (s) and / or sulfur (s), and optionally additional additives.
  • the said anti-corrosion additive (s) of succinimide type according to the invention can be combined with one or more additional additives, and the "packet" of additives thus formed added to an oil or mixture of base oils. .
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1 to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular ranging from 3 to 10 mm 2 / s.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 3 to 80 mm 2 / s, in particular from 15 to 70 mm 2 / s.
  • the values of electrical resistivity measured at 90 ° C. of the lubricating compositions used according to the invention are between 5 and 10,000 Mohm.m, more preferably between 6 and 5,000 Mohm. mr.
  • the dielectric loss values measured at 90 ° C. of the lubricating compositions used according to the invention are between 0.01 and 30, more preferably between 0.02 and 25, more preferably between 0.02 and 10.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention can be of a grade according to the SAEJ300 classification defined by formula (X) W (Y), in which X represents 0 or 5; and Y represents an integer ranging from 4 to 20, in particular ranging from 4 to 16 or from 4 to 12.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
  • a base oil or mixture of base oils preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols;
  • succinimide type preferably chosen from polyalkylene mono- and bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene mono- and bis-succinimides, and their borated derivatives; in particular chosen from the compounds of formula (I) above, preferably from the compounds of formula (II) and (III) as defined above;
  • one or more amino and / or sulfur antiwear additives preferably one or more amino and sulfur antiwear additives, and more preferably chosen from compounds of thia (di) azoles type, in particular dimercaptothiazole derivatives as defined above;
  • additives chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and their mixtures.
  • a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
  • succinimide type preferably chosen from among polyalkylene mono- and bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene mono- and bis-succinimides, and their borated derivatives; in particular chosen from the compounds of formula (I) above, preferably from the compounds of formula (II) and (III) as defined above;
  • amine and / or sulfur antiwear additives preferably of one or more amino and sulfur anti-wear additives, and more preferably chosen from compounds of thia (di) azoles type, in particular dimercaptothiazole derivatives as defined above;
  • base oil preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols and their mixtures;
  • additives chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, point depressants flow, anti-foaming agents and mixtures thereof;
  • a lubricating composition suitable for the invention is used as a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly of the engine and of the power electronics.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined above, combining one or more compounds of succinimide type, in particular as defined above, and one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives, of preferably derivatives of dimercaptothiazole, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises in particular the electric motor part (1), an electric battery (2) and a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3).
  • the electric motor typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
  • the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • the rotor itself consists of coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
  • a bearing (12) is generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14).
  • a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3), makes it possible to reduce the speed of rotation at the output of the electric motor and to adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, allowing at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
  • the bearing (12) is in particular subjected to high mechanical stresses and poses problems of fatigue wear. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to to increase its lifespan. Also, the reducer is subjected to high friction stresses and therefore needs to be lubricated appropriately in order to prevent it from being damaged too quickly.
  • the invention relates in particular to the use of a composition as described above for lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor. .
  • compositions as described above to lubricate the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a composition according to the invention can thus be used to lubricate the various parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a lubricating composition according to the invention exhibits excellent anti-wear and anti-corrosion performance.
  • the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of lubricating at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of. an electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
  • the present invention thus proposes a method for simultaneously reducing the wear and corrosion of at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric vehicle. electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, said method comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
  • a composition according to the invention can exhibit, in addition to lubricating properties, good electrical insulation properties.
  • a composition according to the invention can simultaneously be used to lubricate one or more parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the sensors and solenoid valves of the engine, bearings, but also the winding located at the rotor and stator of an electric motor, or the lubrication at the transmission level, in particular the gears, sensors, solenoid valves, or the reducer that we find in an electric or hybrid vehicle, and to electrically isolate at least one part of said propulsion system, in particular from the battery.
  • a lubricating composition considered according to the invention advantageously exhibits a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 2 and 8 mm 2 / s, preferably between 3 and 7 mm 2 / s. It is understood that the uses described above can be combined, a composition as described above can be used both as a lubricant, as an electrical insulator and also as a cooling fluid for the engine, the battery. and the transmission of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
  • composition C1 comprising an amine and sulfur antiwear additive, of the dimercaptothiadiazole type and free of additive of the succinimide type;
  • a C2 composition comprising said anti-wear additive of dimercaptothiadiazole type, and a dispersant additive of succinimide type, in accordance with the invention, more precisely a bis-succinimide of the following formula:
  • a C3 composition comprising said anti-wear additive of dimercaptothiadiazole type, and a dispersant additive of succinimide type, in accordance with the invention, more specifically a succinimide PIB of high molecular weight,
  • a C4 composition comprising said anti-wear additive of dimercaptothiadiazole type, and a dispersant additive of succinimide type, in accordance with the invention, more specifically a succinimide PIB of the following formula:
  • Compositions C1 to C4 comprise, in addition to the aforementioned compounds, a group V base oil.
  • compositions and the amounts are indicated in Table 2 below.
  • the corrosive (or corroding) power of a composition can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire having a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration d immersion of this thread within the composition.
  • the variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested.
  • the diameter of the wire chosen is 70 ⁇ m.
  • compositions C2 to C4 being compositions according to the invention and composition C1 being a composition serving as comparative).
  • the resistance of the wire is measured using an ohmmeter.
  • the measurement current is 1mA.
  • the temperature of the composition to be tested is brought to 150 ° C.
  • the resistance of the copper wire is calculated by this equation (1):
  • R is the resistance
  • p is the resistivity of copper
  • L is the length of the wire
  • S is the section area
  • the wire diameter is calculated from the section area (equation (2)):
  • D is the diameter of the wire.
  • the diameter of the wire decreases, therefore causing an increase in the value of the resistance.
  • the wire diameter loss is therefore calculated directly from the measured resistance. When the measured resistance is infinite, it is an open circuit. So the wire broke, which defines very severe corrosion.
  • a composition is “non-corrosive” when the loss of diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 1.3 ⁇ m after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to 0.8 ⁇ m after immersion. for 40 hours in the composition comprising said compound.

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Abstract

. The invention relates to the use of at least one succinimide compound as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said lubricant composition comprising one or more amino and/or sulfur anti-wear additives. The invention also relates to the use of a lubricant composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

Description

Description Description
Titre : UTILISATION D’UN COMPOSE DE TYPE SUCCINIMIDE A TITRE D’ADDITIF ANTI-CORROSION DANS UNE COMPOSITION LUBRIFIANTE DESTINEE A UN SYSTEME DE PROPULSION D’UN VEHICULE ELECTRIQUE OU HYBRIDE. Title: USE OF A SUCCINIMIDE-TYPE COMPOUND AS AN ANTI-CORROSION ADDITIVE IN A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION INTENDED FOR A PROPULSION SYSTEM OF AN ELECTRIC OR HYBRID VEHICLE.
La présente invention concerne le domaine des compositions lubrifiantes pour un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Elle concerne plus particulièrement l’utilisation de composés de type succinimide pour améliorer les propriétés anti-corrosion d’une composition lubrifiante incorporant un ou plusieurs additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s). The present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It relates more particularly to the use of compounds of succinimide type for improving the anti-corrosion properties of a lubricating composition incorporating one or more anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
Domaine technique Technical area
L’évolution des normes internationales pour la réduction des émissions de CO2, mais également pour la diminution de la consommation d’énergie, pousse les constructeurs automobiles à proposer des solutions alternatives aux moteurs à combustion. The evolution of international standards for the reduction of CO 2 emissions, but also for the reduction of energy consumption, pushes car manufacturers to offer alternative solutions to combustion engines.
L’une des solutions identifiées par les constructeurs automobiles consiste à remplacer les moteurs à combustion par des moteurs électriques. Les recherches pour la réduction des émissions de CO2 ont donc mené au développement des véhicules électriques par un certain nombre de compagnies automobiles. One of the solutions identified by car manufacturers is to replace combustion engines with electric motors. Research into reducing CO 2 emissions has therefore led to the development of electric vehicles by a number of automobile companies.
Par « véhicule électrique » au sens de la présente invention, on entend désigner un véhicule comprenant un moteur électrique comme unique moyen de propulsion à l’inverse d’un véhicule hybride qui comprend un moteur à combustion et un moteur électrique comme moyens de propulsion combinés. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “electric vehicle” is intended to denote a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, unlike a hybrid vehicle which comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined propulsion means. .
Par « système de propulsion » au sens de la présente invention, on entend désigner un système comprenant les pièces mécaniques nécessaires à la propulsion d’un véhicule électrique. Le système de propulsion englobe ainsi plus particulièrement un moteur électrique, ou l’ensemble rotor-stator de l’électronique de puissance (dédié à la régulation de la vitesse), une transmission et une batterie. By "propulsion system" within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle. The propulsion system thus more particularly includes an electric motor, or the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
D’une manière générale, il est nécessaire de mettre en œuvre, dans les véhicules électriques ou hydrides, des compositions lubrifiantes, dites encore « les lubrifiants », à des fins principales de réduction des forces de frottement entre les différentes pièces du système de propulsion du véhicule, notamment entre les pièces métalliques en mouvement dans les moteurs. Ces compositions lubrifiantes sont en outre efficaces pour prévenir une usure prématurée voire un endommagement de ces pièces, et en particulier de leur surface. In general, it is necessary to use, in electric or hydride vehicles, lubricating compositions, also called “lubricants”, for the main purposes of reducing the frictional forces between the various parts of the propulsion system. vehicle, especially between moving metal parts in engines. These lubricating compositions are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface.
Pour ce faire, une composition lubrifiante est classiquement composée d’une ou plusieurs huile(s) de base, auxquelles sont généralement associés plusieurs additifs dédiés à stimuler les performances lubrifiantes de l’huile de base, comme par exemple des additifs modificateurs de frottement, mais aussi à procurer des performances supplémentaires. To do this, a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oil (s), which are generally associated with several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oil, such as, for example, friction modifying additives, but also to provide additional performance.
En particulier, des additifs dits « anti-usure » sont considérés afin de réduire l’usure des pièces mécaniques du moteur, et ainsi prévenir une dégradation de la durabilité du moteur. Il existe une grande variété d’additifs anti-usure, parmi lesquels on peut citer par exemple les dimercaptothiadiazoles, les polysulfures, notamment les oléfines soufrées, les phosphates d’amine, ou encore des additifs phospho-soufrés, comme les alkylthiophosphates métalliques, en particulier les alkylthiophosphates de zinc, et plus spécifiquement les dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc ou ZnDTP. In particular, so-called "anti-wear" additives are considered in order to reduce the wear of the mechanical parts of the engine, and thus prevent a degradation of the durability of the engine. There is a wide variety of anti-wear additives, among which there may be mentioned, for example, dimercaptothiadiazoles, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins, amine phosphates, or else phospho-sulfur additives, such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
Parmi ces additifs anti-usure, sont notamment privilégiés les agents anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, à l’instar des dimercaptothiadiazoles, le dithiophosphate de zinc ou encore les polysulfures. Among these antiwear additives, preference is given in particular to amine and / or sulfur antiwear agents, such as dimercaptothiadiazoles, zinc dithiophosphate or polysulphides.
Malheureusement, ces additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, tels que les dimercaptothiadiazoles, présentent l’inconvénient d’être corrosifs. Le problème de corrosion est particulièrement critique dans les systèmes de propulsion électrique. En particulier, une corrosion peut entraîner un risque de détérioration au niveau du bobinage du stator et rotor, des capteurs dans le système de propulsion, des électrovannes dans le système hydraulique, mais aussi des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique, généralement à base de cuivre, et donc particulièrement sensibles à la corrosion, ou encore des joints ou vernis présents dans le système de propulsion. Unfortunately, these amino and / or sulfur antiwear additives, such as dimercaptothiadiazoles, have the disadvantage of being corrosive. The corrosion problem is particularly critical in electric propulsion systems. In particular, corrosion can lead to a risk of damage to the stator and rotor windings, sensors in the propulsion system, solenoid valves in the hydraulic system, but also bearings located between the rotor and the stator of a motor. electric, generally copper-based, and therefore particularly sensitive to corrosion, or even seals or varnishes present in the propulsion system.
En outre, pour pouvoir refroidir les systèmes de propulsion de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, il est impératif que le lubrifiant soit isolant afin d’éviter toute défaillance au niveau des composants électriques. En particulier, un lubrifiant conducteur peut entraîner un risque de fuite de courant électrique au niveau du bobinage du stator et rotor, ce qui réduit ainsi l’efficacité des systèmes de propulsion, et crée une éventuelle surchauffe au niveau des composants électriques, allant même jusqu’à détériorer le système. Il est donc crucial, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de lubrifiants pour systèmes de motorisation de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, que les lubrifiants aient des bonnes propriétés « électriques » en plus de propriétés non corrosives. In addition, to be able to cool the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, it is imperative that the lubricant is insulating in order to avoid any failure in the electrical components. In particular, a conductive lubricant can lead to a risk of electric current leakage from the stator and rotor windings, thus reducing the efficiency of the propulsion systems, and creating a possible overheating at the level of the electrical components, even up to 'damage the system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the implementation of lubricants for vehicle engine systems electric or hybrid, whether the lubricants have good "electrical" properties in addition to non-corrosive properties.
La présente invention vise précisément à pallier cet inconvénient. The present invention aims precisely to overcome this drawback.
Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention
Plus précisément, la présente invention concerne rutilisation d’au moins un composé de type succinimide, à titre d’additif anti-corrosion dans une composition lubrifiante, destinée à un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride et comprenant un ou plusieurs additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s). More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of at least one compound of succinimide type, as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricating composition, intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle and comprising one or more additives. (s) anti-wear amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
Les composés de type succinimide, comme par exemple les polyalkylène succinimides tels que les polyisobutylène succinimides (PIBSI), ont déjà été proposés comme dispersants, par exemple dans des lubrifiants pour moteurs de véhicule, comme décrit par exemple dans la demande WO 2014/096328. Compounds of succinimide type, such as for example polyalkylene succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSI), have already been proposed as dispersants, for example in lubricants for vehicle engines, as described for example in application WO 2014/096328.
A la connaissance des inventeurs, il n’a toutefois jamais été proposé de mettre en œuvre des composés de type succinimide, à titre d’additif anti-corrosion, dans le cadre de l’utilisation d’un lubrifiant pour un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, pour pallier les effets de corrosion engendrés par la mise en œuvre d’additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s). To the knowledge of the inventors, however, it has never been proposed to use compounds of the succinimide type, as an anti-corrosion additive, in the context of the use of a lubricant for a propulsion system. an electric or hybrid vehicle, to mitigate the corrosion effects generated by the use of anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
De manière surprenante, comme illustré dans l’exemple qui suit, les inventeurs ont constaté que de tels additifs de type succinimide permettent de réduire efficacement les effets de corrosion induits par des additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés. Surprisingly, as illustrated in the example which follows, the inventors have observed that such additives of succinimide type make it possible to effectively reduce the corrosion effects induced by amine and / or sulfur antiwear additives.
Ainsi, l’ajout d’au moins un composé de type succinimide permet avantageusement d’améliorer les propriétés anti-corrosion d’un lubrifiant comprenant un ou plusieurs additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s). Thus, the addition of at least one compound of succinimide type advantageously makes it possible to improve the anti-corrosion properties of a lubricant comprising one or more anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s). .
Par « additif anti-corrosion » au sens de la présente invention, on entend désigner un additif permettant de prévenir ou de réduire la corrosion des pièces métalliques. Un additif anti- corrosion mis en œuvre dans une composition permet ainsi d’améliorer les propriétés dites « anti-corrosion » de cette composition. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “anti-corrosion additive” is intended to denote an additive making it possible to prevent or reduce the corrosion of metal parts. An anti-corrosion additive used in a composition thus makes it possible to improve the so-called "anti-corrosion" properties of this composition.
La mise en œuvre d’un ou plusieurs composé(s) de type succinimide selon l’invention, conjointement à un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés permet avantageusement d’accéder à une composition lubrifiante présentant conjointement de bonnes performances anti-usure, tout en s’affranchissant des problèmes de corrosion, discutés précédemment. Une composition selon l’invention présente ainsi à la fois de bonnes propriétés anti-usure et anti-corrosion. The use of one or more succinimide-type compound (s) according to the invention, together with one or more amino and / or sulfur anti-wear additives advantageously makes it possible to access a lubricating composition jointly exhibiting good anti-wear performance. -wear, while overcoming corrosion problems, discussed previously. A composition according to the invention thus exhibits both good anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties.
Le pouvoir corrosif (ou corrodant) d’un composé peut être évalué selon un test mettant en œuvre l’étude de la variation de la valeur de la résistance électrique d’un fil de cuivre d’un diamètre préétabli, en fonction de la durée d’immersion de ce fil au sein d’une composition comprenant, dans un milieu non corrosif, par exemple dans une ou plusieurs huiles de base, ledit composé à tester. On corréle la variation de la valeur de cette résistance électrique directement avec la variation du diamètre du fil testé. Ainsi, dans le cadre de la présente invention, un composé est qualifié de « non-corrosif » lorsque la perte de diamètre du fil de cuivre étudié est inférieure ou égale à 1,3 pm après immersion pendant 80 heures, en particulier inférieure ou égale à 0,8 pm après immersion pendant 40 heures dans la composition comprenant ledit composé. The corrosive (or corroding) power of a compound can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire of a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration immersing this yarn in a composition comprising, in a non-corrosive medium, for example in one or more base oils, said compound to be tested. The variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested. Thus, in the context of the present invention, a compound is qualified as “non-corrosive” when the loss in diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 1.3 μm after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to to 0.8 µm after immersion for 40 hours in the composition comprising said compound.
Les propriétés diélectriques d’un lubrifiant sont représentées notamment par la résistivité électrique et la perte diélectrique (tan d), et elles peuvent être mesurées selon la norme IEC 60247. The dielectric properties of a lubricant are represented in particular by the electrical resistivity and the dielectric loss (tan d), and they can be measured according to standard IEC 60247.
La résistivité électrique représente la capacité du matériau à s’opposer à la circulation du courant électrique. Elle s’exprime en ohm-mètre (W hi) La résistivité ne doit pas être faible pour éviter la conduction électrique. Electrical resistivity represents the material's ability to oppose the flow of electric current. It is expressed in ohm-meter (W hi) The resistivity must not be low to avoid electrical conduction.
Le facteur de dissipation électrique ou la tangente de l’angle de pertes. L’angle de perte d est l’angle complémentaire du déphasage entre la tension appliquée et le courant alternatif. Ce facteur traduit les pertes d’énergie par effet Joule. Les échauffements sont donc directement liés à la valeur de d. Une huile transmission a typiquement une valeur de tan d de l’ordre de l’unité à température ambiante. Un bon lubrifiant isolant doit maintenir un niveau faible de tan d. The electrical dissipation factor or the tangent of the loss angle. The loss angle d is the complementary angle of the phase shift between the applied voltage and the alternating current. This factor reflects the energy losses by the Joule effect. The temperature rises are therefore directly linked to the value of d. Transmission oil typically has a tan value of on the order of one at room temperature. A good insulating lubricant should maintain a low level of tan d.
De manière avantageuse, le composé de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention est choisi parmi les polyalkylène mono- ou bis-succinimides, tels que les polyisobutène (PIB) mono- ou bis-succinimides ; leurs dérivés boratés ; leurs dérivés anhydrides succiniques tels que les anhydrides succiniques de polyisobutylène (PIBSA) ;des composés obtenus par ouverture d’un tel cycle anhydride succinique tels que les PIB pentaérythritol ester succinimides ; et leurs mélanges. Advantageously, the succinimide-type compound used according to the invention is chosen from polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene (PIB) mono- or bis-succinimides; their borated derivatives; their succinic anhydride derivatives such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (PIBSA); compounds obtained by opening such a succinic anhydride ring such as pentaerythritol ester succinimide PIBs; and their mixtures.
De préférence, le composé de type succinimide est choisi parmi : Preferably, the compound of succinimide type is chosen from:
les polyalkylène bis-succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)- , en particulier les polyisobutylène (PIB) bis- succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe - (C=CH2)-, et leurs dérivés boratés, les deux groupements succinimides étant reliés l’un à l’autre par leur atome d’azote respectif via un groupement alkylène ou un groupement polyamine, en particulier polyalkylèneamine ; polyalkylene bis-succinimides, the alkyl chain of which is optionally linked to the succinimide via a - (0 = O¾) - group, in particular polyisobutylene (PIB) bis-succinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to succinimide via a - (C = CH2) - group, and their borated derivatives, the two groups succinimides being linked to one another via their respective nitrogen atom via an alkylene group or a polyamine group, in particular polyalkyleneamine;
les polyalkylène mono-succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier les polyisobutylène (PIB) mono- succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe - (C=CH2)-, et leurs dérivés boratés, substitués sur l’atome d’azote par un groupement polyamine, en particulier polyalkylèneamine ; et polyalkylene mono-succinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to the succinimide via a group - (0 = O¾) -, in particular polyisobutylene (PIB) monosuccinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to the succinimide via a group - (C = CH2) -, and their borated derivatives, substituted on the nitrogen atom by a polyamine group, in particular polyalkyleneamine; and
leurs mélanges. their mixtures.
L’introduction, dans une composition lubrifiante destinée à un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, d’un ou plusieurs composé(s) de type succinimide selon l’invention autorise ainsi avantageusement la mise en œuvre, dans la composition, d’additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s), tels que des dimercaptothiadiazoles, sans entraîner pour autant un effet corrosif indésirable. The introduction, into a lubricating composition intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of one or more compound (s) of succinimide type according to the invention thus advantageously allows the implementation, in the composition, additive (s) anti-wear amine (s) and / or sulfur (s), such as dimercaptothiadiazoles, without causing an undesirable corrosive effect.
Les additifs anti-usures aminés et/ou soufrés mis en œuvre dans une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention sont plus particulièrement détaillés dans la suite du texte. Ils sont choisis de préférence parmi des additifs anti -usures aminés et soufrés. Il peut s’agir de préférence de composés de type thia(di)azoles, en particulier de dérivés de dimercaptothiadiazole. Egalement, une composition convenant à l’invention présente l’avantage d’être aisée à formuler. Elle présente, outre de bonnes performances anti-usure et anticorrosion, une bonne stabilité, notamment à l’oxydation, ainsi que de bonnes propriétés en termes d’isolation électrique. Amino and / or sulfur anti-wear additives used in a lubricating composition according to the invention are more particularly detailed in the remainder of the text. They are preferably chosen from amine and sulfur anti-wear additives. They may preferably be compounds of the thia (di) azoles type, in particular dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives. Also, a composition suitable for the invention has the advantage of being easy to formulate. In addition to good anti-wear and anti-corrosion performance, it exhibits good stability, in particular to oxidation, as well as good properties in terms of electrical insulation.
La présente invention concerne encore l’utilisation, pour lubrifier un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification du moteur électrique et de l’électronique de puissance d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, d’une composition lubrifiante comprenant : The present invention also relates to the use, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition lubricant comprising:
un ou plusieurs composés de type succinimide tel(s) que défini(s) dans l’invention, à titre d’additif(s) anti-corrosion ; et one or more compounds of succinimide type as defined in the invention, as anti-corrosion additive (s); and
un ou plusieurs additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s) tels que défini(s) dans l’invention. La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de lubrification d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, comprenant au moins une étape de mise en contact d’au moins une pièce mécanique dudit système avec une composition lubrifiante comprenant au moins un composé de type succinimide tel que défini dans l’invention, à titre d’additif anti-corrosion et au moins un additif anti-usure aminé et/ou soufré tel que défini dans l’invention. one or more anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s) as defined in the invention. The present invention also relates to a method of lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact with a lubricating composition comprising at least a compound of succinimide type as defined in the invention, as anti-corrosion additive, and at least one amine and / or sulfur anti-wear additive as defined in the invention.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention est mise en œuvre pour lubrifier le moteur électrique lui-même, en particulier les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique, et/ou la transmission, en particulier le réducteur dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Advantageously, a lubricating composition according to the invention is used to lubricate the electric motor itself, in particular the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
D’autres caractéristiques, variantes et avantages de la mise en œuvre des composé(s) de type succinimide à titre d’additifs anti-corrosion selon l’invention, ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description et des exemples qui vont suivre, donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif de l’invention. Other characteristics, variants and advantages of the use of the compound (s) of succinimide type as anti-corrosion additives according to the invention will emerge better on reading the description and the examples which follow, given by way of illustration and without limitation of the invention.
Dans la suite du texte, les expressions « compris entre ... et ... », « allant de ... à ... » et « variant de ... à ... » sont équivalentes et entendent signifier que les bornes sont incluses, sauf mention contraire. In the remainder of the text, the expressions "between ... and ...", "ranging from ... to ..." and "varying from ... to ..." are equivalent and are intended to mean that the terminals are included, unless otherwise stated.
Sauf indication contraire, l’expression « comportant un(e) » doit être comprise comme « comprenant au moins un(e) ». Unless specified otherwise, the expression "comprising a" should be understood as "comprising at least one".
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[Fig 1] représente schématiquement un système de propulsion de véhicule électrique ou hybride. [Fig 1] schematically represents an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
Description détaillée detailed description
ADDITIFS ANTI-CORROSION DE TYPE SUCCINIMIDE SUCCINIMIDE ANTI-CORROSION ADDITIVES
Comme précisé précédemment, l’additif mis en œuvre à titre d’agent anti-corrosion selon l’invention, conjointement à un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, dans une composition lubrifiante pour système de motorisation d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, est un composé de type succinimide. As specified above, the additive used as an anti-corrosion agent according to the invention, together with one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives, in a lubricating composition for a vehicle engine system electric or hybrid, is a compound of the succinimide type.
Comme évoqué précédemment, de nombreux composés de type succinimide ont déjà été proposés pour leur utilisation comme agents dispersants, comme par exemple les polyalkylène mono- ou bis-succinimides, tels que les polyisobutène (PIB) mono- ou bis- succinimides ; leurs dérivés boratés ; leurs dérivés anhydrides succiniques, comme par exemple les anhydrides succiniques de polyisobutylène (PIBSA); des composés obtenus par ouverture d’un tel cycle anhydride succinique, comme par exemple les polyisobutylène pentaérythritol ester succinimides. As mentioned above, many succinimide-type compounds have already been proposed for their use as dispersing agents, such as, for example, polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene (PIB) mono- or bis-succinimides; their borated derivatives; their succinic anhydride derivatives, as by example polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (PIBSA); compounds obtained by opening such a succinic anhydride ring, such as for example polyisobutylene pentaerythritol ester succinimides.
Toutefois, comme indiqué précédemment, de tels composés n’ont jamais été proposés à titre d’additifs anti-corrosion dans un lubrifiant pour système de motorisation d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, à des fins de réduire, voire d’inhiber, les effets de corrosion induits par la mise en œuvre d’un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés. However, as indicated above, such compounds have never been proposed as anti-corrosion additives in a lubricant for a motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, for the purposes of reducing, or even inhibiting, the corrosion effects induced by the use of one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives.
Les composés dits « de type succinimide » sont des composés comprenant au moins un groupement succinimide, autrement dit un groupement de formule (i) suivante : The so-called “succinimide-type” compounds are compounds comprising at least one succinimide group, in other words a group of following formula (i):
[Chem 1] [Chem 1]
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
ou un dérivé boraté (liaisons B-O) de celui-ci ; ou un dérivé anhydride succinique d’un tel groupement succinimide, ou un composé obtenu par ouverture du cycle anhydride succinique. or a borate derivative (B-O bonds) thereof; or a succinic anhydride derivative of such a succinimide group, or a compound obtained by opening the succinic anhydride ring.
Comme déjà évoqué précédemment, les composés de type succinimide peuvent être de diverses natures. Il peut s’agir de composés mono-succinimide ou bis-succinimide. As already mentioned above, the compounds of succinimide type can be of various kinds. They can be mono-succinimide or bis-succinimide compounds.
De préférence, le composé de type succinimide est choisi parmi les composés comprenant au moins un groupement succinimide substitué, en particulier de formule (ii) suivante : [Chem 2] Preferably, the compound of succinimide type is chosen from compounds comprising at least one substituted succinimide group, in particular of the following formula (ii): [Chem 2]
Figure imgf000008_0002
Figure imgf000008_0002
ou un dérivé boraté (liaisons B-O) d’un tel groupement succinimide substitué de formule (ii), ou un dérivé anhydride succinique d’un tel groupement succinimide substitué de formule (ii), ou un composé obtenu par ouverture du cycle anhydride succinique, dans laquelle R1 représente un groupement hydrocarboné, de préférence comprenant de 8 à 400 atomes de carbones. or a borated derivative (BO bonds) of such a substituted succinimide group of formula (ii), or a succinic anhydride derivative of such a substituted succinimide group of formula (ii), or a compound obtained by opening the succinic anhydride ring, in which R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group, preferably comprising from 8 to 400 carbon atoms.
R1 peut être plus particulièrement choisi parmi des groupements alkyles linéaires ou ramifiés en Ce à C400, en particulier en C50 à C200, des groupements alcényles linéaires ou ramifiés en Ce à C400, en particulier en C50 à C200, des groupements aryles en Cr, à Cio, des groupements arylalkyles et des groupements alkylaryles. R 1 can be more particularly chosen from linear or branched C6 to C400 alkyl groups, in particular C50 to C200, linear or branched C6 to C400 alkenyl groups, in particular C50 to C200, aryl groups in Cr, to Cio, arylalkyl groups and alkylaryl groups.
De préférence, R1 représente une longue chaîne alkyle, de préférence ramifiée, en Cs à C400, en particulier en C50 à C200 ou une longue chaîne alcényle, de préférence ramifiée, en Cx à C400, en particulier en C50 à C200 comportant une seule double liaison dont l’un des deux atomes de carbone est directement lié au cycle succinimide. Preferably, R 1 represents a long alkyl chain, preferably branched, Cs to C400, in particular C50 to C200 or a long alkenyl chain, preferably branched, Cx to C400, in particular C50 to C200 comprising a single double bond of which one of the two carbon atoms is directly linked to the succinimide ring.
Avantageusement, R1 représente un groupement polyalkylène, de préférence présentant une masse moléculaire moyenne en masse Mw comprise entre 140 et 50 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 30 000. Advantageously, R 1 represents a polyalkylene group, preferably having an average molecular mass Mw of between 140 and 50,000, in particular between 2,000 and 30,000.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, R1 représente un groupement poly isobutylène, de préférence de masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre comprise entre 140 et 30 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 20 000, voire 2 000 et 7 000 et notamment entre 3 000 et 5 000. Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, R1 représente un groupement polyisobutylène, de préférence de masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre comprise entre 140 et 30 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 20 000, voire 2 000 et 7 000 et notamment entre 3 000 et 5 000, relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¼)- et est de formule (A) qui suit : [Chem 3] According to a particular embodiment, R 1 represents a poly isobutylene group, preferably with a number-average molecular mass of between 140 and 30,000, in particular between 2,000 and 20,000, or even 2,000 and 7,000 and in particular between 3,000 and 5,000. According to another particular embodiment, R 1 represents a polyisobutylene group, preferably with a number-average molecular mass of between 140 and 30,000, in particular between 2,000 and 20,000, or even 2,000 and 7,000 and in particular between 3,000 and 5,000, linked to the succinimide group via a group - (0 = O¼) - and is of formula (A) which follows: [Chem 3]
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
dans lequel le symbole * indique le point de rattachement de ce groupe au groupement succinimide, et n représente un entier allant de 6 à 500. in which the symbol * indicates the point of attachment of this group to the succinimide group, and n represents an integer ranging from 6 to 500.
Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le composé de type succinimide comprend au moins un groupement succinimide substitué de formule (ii), ou un dérivé de boraté dudit groupement (ii), ou un dérivé anhydride succinique dudit groupement (ii), ou un composé obtenu par ouverture du cycle anhydride succinique, dans laquelle R1 représente un groupement hydrocarboné, de préférence comprenant de 8 à 400 atomes de carbones, en particulier un groupement polyalkylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)-, de préférence présentant une masse moléculaire moyenne en masse Mw comprise entre 140 et 50 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 30 000, et plus particulièrement un groupement polyisobutylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)-, de préférence de masse moléculaire moyenne en masse Mw comprise entre 140 et 30 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 20 000 voire entre 2 000 et 7 000 et notamment entre 3 000 et 5 000. Thus, according to a particular embodiment, the compound of succinimide type comprises at least one substituted succinimide group of formula (ii), or a borate derivative of said group (ii), or a succinic anhydride derivative of said group (ii), or a compound obtained by opening the succinic anhydride ring, in which R 1 represents a hydrocarbon-based group, preferably comprising from 8 to 400 carbon atoms, in particular a polyalkylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a - (C = CH 2) - group, preferably having a mass average molecular mass Mw between 140 and 50,000, in particular between 2,000 and 30,000, and more particularly a polyisobutylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a - (C = CH2) - group, preferably of average molecular weight Mw between 140 and 30,000, in particular between 2,000 and 20,000 or even between 2,000 and 7,000 and in particular between 3,000 and 5,000.
Plus particulièrement, le composé de type succinimide peut être choisi parmi les composés mono-succinimides comprenant un groupement succinimide substitué de formule (ii) précitée et les composés bis-succinimides comprenant deux groupements succinimide substitués, en particulier de formule (ii) précitée, lesdits groupements succinimides étant plus particulièrement reliés au niveau de leur sommet portant un atome d’azote par un groupement polyamine. More particularly, the compound of succinimide type can be chosen from mono-succinimide compounds comprising a substituted succinimide group of above-mentioned formula (ii) and bis-succinimide compounds comprising two substituted succinimide groups, in particular of above-mentioned formula (ii), said succinimide groups being more particularly linked at their summit bearing a nitrogen atom via a polyamine group.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le composé de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention répond à la formule (I) suivante : According to a particular embodiment, the compound of succinimide type used according to the invention corresponds to the following formula (I):
[Chem 4] [Chem 4]
Figure imgf000010_0001
ou l’un de ses dérivés boratés,
Figure imgf000010_0001
or one of its borated derivatives,
où A représente un groupement alkylène, linéaire ou ramifié, en C2 à C24, de préférence en C2 à C6 ; where A represents an alkylene group, linear or branched, C2 to C24, preferably C 2 to C 6 ;
R1 est tel que défini précédemment, par exemple un groupement polyisobutylène éventuelllement éventuelllement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)- x représente 0 ou un entier allant de 1 à 6, de préférence x vaut 2, 3 ou 4 ; R 1 is as defined above, for example a polyisobutylene group optionally optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (C = CH2) - x represents 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 6, preferably x is 2, 3 or 4 ;
R2 et R3 sont choisis, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, parmi un atome d’hydrogène, un groupement alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, notamment en Ci à C25 ; un groupement alcoxy, notamment en Ci à C12, un groupement alcényle, en particulier en C2 à C12, éventuellement porteur d’une ou plusieurs fonctions hydroxyles et/ou amines ; R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another, from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, in particular from C1 to C25; an alkoxy group, in particular C 1 to C 12 , an alkenyl group, in particular C 2 to C 12 , optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl and / or amine functions;
ou R2 et R3 forment ensemble, avec l’atome d’azote les portant, un groupement succinimide éventuellement substitué, de préférence un groupement succinimide substitué par un groupement R1 tel que défini ci-dessus. or R 2 and R 3 together form, with the nitrogen atom carrying them, an optionally substituted succinimide group, preferably a succinimide group substituted with an R 1 group as defined above.
Selon une première variante de réalisation, un composé de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention peut être un composé mono-succinimide de formule (I) précitée dans laquelle R2 et R3 sont choisis, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, parmi un atome d’hydrogène, un groupement alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, notamment en Ci à C25 ; un groupement alcoxy, notamment en Ci à C12, un groupement alcényle, en particulier en C2 à C12, éventuellement porteur d’une ou plusieurs fonctions hydroxyles et/ou amines. According to a first variant embodiment, a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention can be a mono-succinimide compound of above-mentioned formula (I) in which R 2 and R 3 are chosen, independently of one another. , from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, in particular C 1 to C 25 ; an alkoxy group, in particular C 1 to C 12 , an alkenyl group, in particular C 2 to C 12 , optionally carrying one or more hydroxyl and / or amine functions.
De préférence, un composé de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention est de formule (I) précitée dans laquelle R2 et R3 représentent des atomes d’hydrogène. Preferably, a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention is of formula (I) above in which R 2 and R 3 represent hydrogen atoms.
Autrement dit, un composé de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention peut être de formule (II) suivante : In other words, a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention can be of the following formula (II):
[Chem 5] [Chem 5]
Figure imgf000011_0001
ou l’un de ses dérivés boratés,
Figure imgf000011_0001
or one of its borated derivatives,
où : R1 est tel que défini précédemment, en particulier R1 représente un groupement polyalkylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier polyisobutylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)-, where: R 1 is as defined above, in particular R 1 represents a polyalkylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (0 = O¾) -, in particular polyisobutylene optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (C = CH 2 ) -,
A est tel que défini précédemment, de préférence représente au moins l’un des segments suivants -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH(CH )- ; et A is as defined above, preferably represents at least one of the following segments -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH 2 -CH (CH) -; and
y représente un nombre entier compris entre 1 et 6, en particulier y représente 2, 3 ou 4. Selon une autre variante de réalisation, un composé de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention peut être un composé bis-succinimide de formule (I) précitée dans laquelle R2 et R3 forment ensemble, avec l’atome d’azote les portant, un groupement succinimide éventuellement substitué, de préférence un groupement succinimide substitué par un groupement R1 tel que défini ci-dessus. y represents an integer between 1 and 6, in particular y represents 2, 3 or 4. According to another variant embodiment, a compound of succinimide type used according to the invention can be a bis-succinimide compound of formula ( I) above in which R 2 and R 3 together form, with the nitrogen atom carrying them, an optionally substituted succinimide group, preferably a succinimide group substituted with an R 1 group as defined above.
Avantageusement, un composé de type bis-succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention peut être de formule (III) suivante : Advantageously, a bis-succinimide-type compound used according to the invention may be of the following formula (III):
[Chem 6] [Chem 6]
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
ou l’un de ses dérivés boratés, où : or one of its borated derivatives, where:
R1, identiques ou différents, sont tels que définis précédemment ; R 1 , identical or different, are as defined above;
z représente un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 10, de préférence entre 2 et 6 ; z represents an integer between 0 and 10, preferably between 2 and 6;
s représente un nombre entier compris entre 2 et 6, de préférence entre 2 et 4. s represents an integer between 2 and 6, preferably between 2 and 4.
De préférence, le composé de type bis-succinimide peut être de formule (III) dans laquelle R1 représentent des groupements polyalkylène, en particulier des groupements polyisobutylène, de préférence de masse moléculaire comprise entre 150 et 15 000, en particulier entre 500 et 2000 et notamment entre 500 et 1500. Preferably, the compound of bis-succinimide type may be of formula (III) in which R 1 represent polyalkylene groups, in particular polyisobutylene groups, preferably with a molecular mass of between 150 and 15,000, in particular between 500 and 2000 and in particular between 500 and 1500.
Les dérivés boratés des composés de type succinimide de formule (I), (II) ou (III) précitée peuvent être obtenus à partir des composés de type succinimide non boratés, par réaction avec des borates, par exemple avec de l’acide borique, en particulier pour atteindre une concentration de 0, 1 à 3 % massique, notamment de 1 à 2 % massique en bore dans le composé succinimide. The borated derivatives of the compounds of succinimide type of formula (I), (II) or (III) above can be obtained from non-borated compounds of succinimide type, by reaction with borates, for example with boric acid, in particular to achieve a concentration of 0.1 to 3% by mass, in particular from 1 to 2% by mass of boron in the succinimide compound.
Parmi les dérivés anhydrides succiniques convenant à l’invention, on peut citer les anhydrides succiniques de polyisoalkylène, en particulier les anhydrides succiniques de polyisobutylène (nommés « PIB SA ») tels que le composé suivant, de masse moléculaire en nombre Mn comprise entre 300 et 30 000 et de masse moléculaire en masse Mw comprise entre 300 et 30 000 : Among the succinic anhydride derivatives suitable for the invention, mention may be made of polyisoalkylene succinic anhydrides, in particular polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (called “PIB SA”) such as the following compound, of molecular mass in number Mn of between 300 and 30,000 and with a molecular mass by mass Mw of between 300 and 30,000:
[Chem 7]
Figure imgf000013_0001
[Chem 7]
Figure imgf000013_0001
dans lequel R est un groupe polyisobutylène. wherein R is a polyisobutylene group.
Parmi les composés obtenus par ouverture du cycle anhydride succinique, on peut citer notamment les polyalkylènes pentaérithritol ester succinimides comme par exemple les polyisobutylène pentaérithritol ester succinimides de formules suivantes, de masse moléculaire en nombre Mn comprise entre 300 et 30 000 et de masse moléculaire en masse Mw comprise entre 300 et 30 000 : Among the compounds obtained by opening the succinic anhydride ring, there may be mentioned in particular the polyalkylenes pentaerithritol ester succinimides such as, for example, the polyisobutylene pentaerithritol ester succinimides of the following formulas, of molecular mass in number Mn of between 300 and 30,000 and of molecular mass in mass. Mw between 300 and 30,000:
[Chem 8] [Chem 8]
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000013_0002
dans lequel PIB représente un polyisobutylène ; wherein PIB represents polyisobutylene;
[Chem 9] [Chem 9]
Figure imgf000013_0003
Figure imgf000013_0003
dans lequel PIB représente un polyisobutylène. wherein PIB represents polyisobutylene.
Dans le cadre de l’invention, on entend par : In the context of the invention, by:
alkyle, un groupe aliphatique saturé, linéaire ou ramifié ; par exemple, un alkyle en Cx à Cz représente une chaîne hydrocarbonée de x à z atomes de carbone, linéaire ou ramifiée ; alkylène représente un groupe alkyle divalent. Par exemple un groupe alkylène en Cx-Cz représente une chaîne hydrocarbonée divalente de x à z atomes de carbone, linéaire ou ramifiée ; alkyl, a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example, Cx to Cz alkyl represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain of x to z carbon atoms; alkylene represents a divalent alkyl group. For example, a C x -C z alkylene group represents a divalent hydrocarbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched;
alcényle, un groupe aliphatique insaturé, linéaire ou ramifié ; par exemple, un groupe alcényle en Cx à Cz représente une chaîne carbonée insaturée de x à z atomes de carbone, linéaire ou ramifiée ; alkenyl, an unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example, a Cx to Cz alkenyl group represents an unsaturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched;
alcoxy, un radical -O-alkyle, dans lequel le groupe alkyle est tel que défini précédemment ; aryle, un groupe aromatique mono- ou polycyclique, en particulier comprenant entre 5 et 10 atomes de carbones. A titre d’exemple de groupe aryle, on peut citer les groupes phényle, tolyle ou naphtyle. alkoxy, an -O-alkyl radical, in which the alkyl group is as defined above; aryl, a mono- or polycyclic aromatic group, in particular comprising between 5 and 10 carbon atoms. By way of example of an aryl group, mention may be made of phenyl, tolyl or naphthyl groups.
Avantageusement, l’additif de type succinimide (mono ou bis-succinimide) est choisi parmi les polyalkylène succinimides (autrement dit les composés comprenant au moins un groupe de formule (ii) précitée où R1 est un groupement polyalkylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-) et notamment les polyisobutylène (PIB) succinimides dont la partie polyisobutylène est éventuellement reliée au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, et leurs dérivés boratés. Advantageously, the additive of succinimide type (mono or bis-succinimide) is chosen from polyalkylene succinimides (in other words the compounds comprising at least one group of above-mentioned formula (ii) where R 1 is a polyalkylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (0 = O¾) -) and in particular polyisobutylene (PIB) succinimides, the polyisobutylene part of which is optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (0 = O¾) -, and their borated derivatives.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l’additif de type succinimide est choisi parmi les polyalkylène succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier les polyisobutylène (PIB) succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, et leurs dérivés boratés, substitués sur l’atome d’azote par un groupement polyamine, en particulier polyalkylèneamine, par exemple polyéthylène amine. According to a particular embodiment, the additive of succinimide type is chosen from polyalkylene succinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to succinimide via a - (0 = O¾) - group, in particular polyisobutylene (PIB) succinimides whose chain alkyl is optionally linked to succinimide via a group - (0 = O¾) -, and their borated derivatives, substituted on the nitrogen atom by a polyamine group, in particular polyalkyleneamine, for example polyethylene amine.
De préférence, l’additif de type succinimide est choisi parmi les mono- ou bis-succinimides de formule (I) précitée, en particulier les mono-succinimides de formule (II) précitée, les bis-succinimides de formule (III) précitée, et leurs mélanges. Preferably, the additive of succinimide type is chosen from the mono- or bis-succinimides of the above-mentioned formula (I), in particular the mono-succinimides of the above-mentioned formula (II), the bis-succinimides of the above-mentioned formula (III), and their mixtures.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, l’additif de type succinimide est choisi parmi : According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the additive of succinimide type is chosen from:
les polyalkylène bis-succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier les polyisobutylène (PIB) bis- succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe - (C=CH2)-, et leurs dérivés boratés, les deux groupements succinimides étant reliés l’un à l’autre par leur atome d’azote respectif via un groupement alkylène ou un groupement polyamine, en particulier polyalkylèneamine voire polyéthylèneamine ; polyalkylene bis-succinimides, the alkyl chain of which is optionally linked to the succinimide via a - (0 = O¾) - group, in particular polyisobutylene (PIB) bis-succinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to the succinimide via a - (C) group = CH2) -, and their borated derivatives, the two succinimide groups being linked one to the other via their respective nitrogen atom via an alkylene group or a polyamine group, in particular polyalkyleneamine or even polyethyleneamine;
les polyalkylène mono-succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier les polyisobutylène (PIB) mono- succinimides dont la chaîne alkyle est éventuellement liée au succinimide via un groupe - (C=CH2)-, et leurs dérivés boratés, substitués sur l’atome d’azote par un groupement polyamine, en particulier polyalkylèneamine voire polyéthylèneamine ; et polyalkylene mono-succinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to the succinimide via a group - (0 = O¾) -, in particular polyisobutylene (PIB) monosuccinimides whose alkyl chain is optionally linked to the succinimide via a group - (C = CH2) -, and their borated derivatives, substituted on the nitrogen atom by a polyamine group, in particular polyalkyleneamine or even polyethyleneamine; and
leurs mélanges. their mixtures.
Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus particulièrement préféré, l’additif de type succinimide est choisi parmi les composés suivants : According to an even more particularly preferred embodiment, the additive of succinimide type is chosen from the following compounds:
[Chem 10] [Chem 10]
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
dans lequel n va de 6 à 500, de préférence est de 90 ; et R est un alkylène linéaire ou ramifié, en C2 à C24, de préférence de C2 à CÔ OU un groupe -R”-(NH-R’)x- dans lequel R’ et R” représentent, indépendamment l’un de l’autre un alkylène linéaire ou ramifié, en C2 à C24, de préférence de C2 à CÔ et x est un entier allant de 1 à 6, de préférence x vaut 2, 3, 4 ou 5 . Il s’agit plus précisément d’un bis-succinimide dont la masse moléculaire moyenne Mn est comprise entre 3000 et 4000, de préférence est de 3410 ; la masse moléculaire moyenne Mw est comprise entre 5000 et 6000, de préférence est de 5225 ; l’indice de polydispersité Ip est comprise entre 1,25 et 2, de préférence est de 1,5 ; wherein n is from 6 to 500, preferably is 90; and R is a linear or branched, C2 to C24, preferably C2 to C6 alkylene OR a group -R ”- (NH-R ') x- in which R' and R” represent, independently one of the other a linear or branched alkylene, C2 to C24, preferably from C2 to C6 and x is an integer ranging from 1 to 6, preferably x is 2, 3, 4 or 5. It is more precisely a bis-succinimide whose average molecular mass Mn is between 3000 and 4000, preferably is 3410; the average molecular mass Mw is between 5000 and 6000, preferably is 5225; the polydispersity index Ip is between 1.25 and 2, preferably is 1.5;
[Chem 11] [Chem 11]
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001
dans lequel n va de 10 à 350, de préférence est de 65 ; et R est un alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, en Ci à C24, de préférence de C2 à G ou un groupe -(R’-(NH)y-H dans lequel R’ représente un alkylène linéaire ou ramifié, en C2 à C24, de préférence de C2 a C>, , et y est un entier allant de 1 à 6, de préférence x vaut 2, 3 ou 4 . Il s’agit plus précisément d’un PIB succinimide dont la masse moléculaire moyenne Mn est comprise entre 800 et 18 000 de préférence est de 3519 ; la masse moléculaire moyenne Mw est comprise entre 1 000 et 20 000 , de préférence est de 6220 ; l’indice de polydispersité Ip est comprise entre 1,5 et 2,3, de préférence est de 1,6 ; et where n is from 10 to 350, preferably is 65; and R is a linear or branched alkyl, C1 to C24, preferably from C2 to G or a group - (R '- (NH) yH in which R' represents a linear or branched, C2 to C24 alkylene, preferably from C2 to C>,, and y is an integer ranging from 1 to 6, preferably x is 2, 3 or 4. It is more precisely a succinimide PIB whose average molecular mass Mn is between 800 and 18,000 preferably is 3519; the average molecular weight Mw is between 1000 and 20,000, preferably is 6220; the polydispersity index Ip is between 1.5 and 2.3, preferably is 1 , 6; and
leurs mélanges. their mixtures.
Il est entendu, dans le cadre de la présente invention, qu’un composé de type succinimide considéré selon l’invention peut être sous forme d’un mélange d’au moins deux composés de type succinimide, en particulier tels que définis précédemment. It is understood, in the context of the present invention, that a succinimide-type compound considered according to the invention can be in the form of a mixture of at least two succinimide-type compounds, in particular as defined above.
Les composés de type succinimide mis en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent être disponibles dans le commerce, ou encore préparés selon des méthodes de synthèses connues de l’homme du métier. The succinimide-type compounds used according to the invention can be commercially available, or else prepared according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art.
Par exemple, des composés de type succinimide peuvent être synthétisés par condensation d’un anhydride succinique éventuellement substitué, par exemple d’un anhydride succinique substitué par un groupement polyisobutylène, avec un poly(alkylèneamine). L’anhydride succinique substitué par un groupement polyisobutylène (PIB) peut être préalablement obtenu, par exemple par réaction de l’anhydride maléique avec le méthylvinylidène polyisobutène. For example, succinimide-type compounds can be synthesized by condensation of an optionally substituted succinic anhydride, for example of a succinic anhydride substituted with a polyisobutylene group, with a poly (alkyleneamine). Succinic anhydride substituted with a polyisobutylene group (PIB) can be obtained beforehand, for example by reaction of maleic anhydride with methyl vinylidene polyisobutene.
L’invention n’est pas limitée aux composés de type succinimide spécifiquement décrits ci- dessus. D’autres composés de type succinimide, notamment connus comme dispersants, peuvent être mis en œuvre à titre d’additifs anti-corrosion selon l’invention. Le ou les composés de type succinimide, en particulier tels que définis précédemment, peuvent être mis en œuvre dans une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention, à raison de 0,01% à 10 % en masse, en particulier de 0,1% à 10% en masse, et plus particulièrement de 0,5% à 8 % en masse, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante. The invention is not limited to the succinimide-type compounds specifically described above. Other succinimide-type compounds, in particular known as dispersants, can be used as anti-corrosion additives according to the invention. The compound (s) of succinimide type, in particular as defined above, can be used in a lubricating composition according to the invention, in an amount of 0.01% to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.1% to 10% by mass, and more particularly from 0.5% to 8% by mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
De manière avantageuse, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention ne comprend pas d’autres additifs anti-corrosion distincts des composés de type succinimide. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention est exempte d’additif anti-corrosion de type triazole ou de type composés à fonction amine ou fonction phénolique stériquement encombrée. Advantageously, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention does not include other anti-corrosion additives distinct from compounds of succinimide type. According to a particular embodiment, a lubricating composition used according to the invention is free from anti-corrosion additive of triazole type or of compound type with an amine function or sterically hindered phenolic function.
COMPOSITION LUBRIFIANTE LUBRICANT COMPOSITION
Additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés Amino and / or sulfur anti-wear additives
Comme indiqué précédemment, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention comprend un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés. As indicated above, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives.
Par « additif anti-usure aminé et/ou soufré », on entend désigner un additif choisi parmi les additifs anti-usure aminés, les additifs anti-usure soufrés et les additifs anti-usure aminés et soufrés. The term “amine and / or sulfur anti-wear additive” is intended to denote an additive chosen from amine anti-wear additives, sulfur anti-wear additives and amine and sulfur anti-wear additives.
Par « additif anti-usure », on entend désigner un composé qui, mis en œuvre dans une composition lubrifiante, notamment une composition lubrifiante pour un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, permet d’améliorer les propriétés anti-usure de la composition. The term “anti-wear additive” is intended to denote a compound which, used in a lubricating composition, in particular a lubricating composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, makes it possible to improve the anti-wear properties of the composition.
L’additif anti-usure aminé et/ou soufré peut par exemple être choisi parmi les additifs de type thia(di)azole, en particulier dérivés de dimercaptothiadiazole ; les additifs polysulfures, notamment les oléfines soufrées, les phosphates d’amine, les additifs phospho-soufrés comme les alkylthiophosphates, et leurs mélanges. The amine and / or sulfur antiwear additive can for example be chosen from additives of the thia (di) azole type, in particular derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole; polysulfide additives, in particular sulfur olefins, amine phosphates, phospho-sulfur additives such as alkylthiophosphates, and mixtures thereof.
Additifs thia(di)azoles. Thia (di) azoles additives.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention comprend au moins un additif anti-usure de type thia(di)azoles. Les composés de type thia(di)azoles sont des composés qui contiennent à la fois un atome de soufre et au moins un atome d’azote dans un cycle à cinq atomes. Les benzothiazoles sont un type particulier de thia(di)azoles. Ce terme thia(di)azole inclut, outre les composés cycliques contenant un atome de soufre et un atome d’azote par cycle à cinq atomes, également les thiadiazoles qui contiennent du soufre et deux atomes d’azote dans un tel cycle. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention comprises at least one anti-wear additive of the thia (di) azoles type. Thia (di) azole compounds are compounds which contain both a sulfur atom and at least one nitrogen atom in a five atom ring. Benzothiazoles are a special type of thia (di) azoles. This term thia (di) azole includes, in addition to the cyclic compounds containing one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom per ring with five atoms, also thiadiazoles which contain sulfur and two nitrogen atoms in such a ring.
En particulier, les composés de type thia(di)azoles peuvent être choisis parmi des dérivés de benzothiazole, des dérivés de thiazole et des dérivés de thiadiazole. In particular, the thia (di) azole type compounds can be chosen from benzothiazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives.
De préférence, l’additif anti-usure peut être un dérivé de thiadiazole. Preferably, the antiwear additive can be a thiadiazole derivative.
Les thiadiazoles sont des composés hétérocycliques comprenant deux atomes d’azote, un atome de soufre, deux atomes de carbones et deux doubles liaisons, de formule générale C2N2SH2, pouvant exister sous les formes suivantes, respectivement : 1,2,3-thiadiazole ; 1,2,4-thiadiazole ; 1,2,5-thiadiazole ; 1,3,4-thiadiazole : Thiadiazoles are heterocyclic compounds comprising two nitrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, two carbon atoms and two double bonds, of general formula C2N2SH2, which may exist in the following forms, respectively: 1,2,3-thiadiazole; 1,2,4-thiadiazole; 1,2,5-thiadiazole; 1,3,4-thiadiazole:
[Chem 12] [Chem 12]
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001
1, 2 3 -thiadiazole 1, 2, 4 -thiadiazole 1, 2 3 -thiadiazole 1, 2, 4 -thiadiazole
Figure imgf000018_0002
Figure imgf000018_0002
1* 2, 5 -thiadiazole l, $ A -thiadiazole 1 * 2,5 -thiadiazole l, $ A -thiadiazole
De préférence, le dérivé de thiadiazole est un dérivé du dimercaptothiadiazole. Preferably, the thiadiazole derivative is a derivative of dimercaptothiadiazole.
Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention comprend au moins un additif anti-usure choisi parmi les dérivés du dimercaptothiazole. Thus, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one anti-wear additive chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiazole.
Par dérivé du dimercaptothiadiazole selon l’invention, on entend des composés chimiques dérivés des quatre molécules dimercaptothiadiazoles suivantes, ci-dessous : 4,5-dimercapto- 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto-l,2,4-thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto-l,2,5-thiadiazole, 2,5- dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, pris seules ou en mélange : The term “dimercaptothiadiazole derivative according to the invention” means chemical compounds derived from the following four dimercaptothiadiazole molecules, below: 4,5-dimercapto 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto-1,2,4 -thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto-l, 2,5-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-thiadiazole, taken alone or as a mixture:
[Chem 13]
Figure imgf000019_0001
[Chem 13]
Figure imgf000019_0001
4. 5-ilânercapto-l, 2, 3 -thiadiazole 3, 5-clinercapio-i» 2, 4 -thiadiazole
Figure imgf000019_0002
4.5-Ilanercapto-1,2,3 -thiadiazole 3, 5-clinercapio-i » 2,4 -thiadiazole
Figure imgf000019_0002
3 4-dimercapto 1 , 2, 5 -thia diazole 2, 5-dimercapto-l , 3, 4 -thia diazole 3 4-dimercapto 1, 2, 5 -thia diazole 2, 5-dimercapto-1, 3, 4 -thia diazole
Les dérivés de dimercaptothiadiazole sont plus particulièrement des molécules ou mélange de molécules à base de 4,5-dimercapto-l,2,3-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto-l,2,4-thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto-l,2,5-thiadiazole ou 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, tels que représentés ci-dessus, dans lesquels au moins l’une des substitutions =S, voire les deux substitutions =S sur le cycle thiadiazole est remplacée par un substituant : The dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives are more particularly molecules or mixture of molecules based on 4,5-dimercapto-l, 2,3-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto-l, 2,4-thiadiazole, 3,4-dimercapto- 1,2,5-thiadiazole or 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, as represented above, in which at least one of the substitutions = S, or even both substitutions = S on the ring thiadiazole is replaced by a substituent:
[Chem 14] [Chem 14]
Figure imgf000019_0003
Figure imgf000019_0003
dans lequel * représente la liaison avec un atome de carbone du cycle à 5 chaînons ; n représente un entier égal à 1, 2, 3 ou 4 ; et Ri est choisi parmi un atome d’hydrogène, un groupe alkyle linéaire ou ramifié, saturé ou insaturé, comprenant de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 2 à 18, plus préférentiellement de 4 à 16, encore plus préférentiellement de 8 à 12 ou un substituant aromatique. wherein * represents the bond with a carbon atom of the 5-membered ring; n represents an integer equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4; and R 1 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 18, more preferably from 4 to 16, even more preferably from 8 to 12 or an aromatic substituent.
En particulier, en prenant comme exemple le 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, les dérivés du 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole sont des molécules de formules suivantes prises seules ou en mélange : In particular, taking 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-thiadiazole as an example, the derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-thiadiazole are molecules of the following formulas taken alone or as a mixture:
[Chem 15]
Figure imgf000020_0001
[Chem 15]
Figure imgf000020_0001
[Chem 16] [Chem 16]
Figure imgf000020_0002
dans lesquelles le ou les groupes Ri représentent, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, des atomes d’hydrogène, des groupes alkyles ou alcényles linéaires ou ramifiés, comprenant de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 2 à 18, plus préférentiellement de 4 à 16, encore plus préférentiellement de 8 à 12 ou des substituants aromatiques, n étant indépendamment l’un de l’autre des entiers égaux à 1, 2, 3 ou 4, de préférence n étant égal 1.
Figure imgf000020_0002
in which the group (s) R 1 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen atoms, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups, comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 18, more preferably from 4 to 16, even more preferably from 8 to 12 or aromatic substituents, n being, independently of one another, integers equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably n being equal to 1.
De préférence, Ri représentent, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, des groupes alkyles linéaires, en Ci à C24, de préférence en C2 à Cis, notamment en C4 à Ci6, plus particulièrement en Cs à C12 et de préférence en C12. Preferably, R independently of one another represent linear alkyl groups, Ci-C24, preferably C2 to Cis, in particular C4 to C 6, more preferably Cs to C12 and preferably C12 .
Les dérivés du dimercaptothiadiazole utilisés dans la présente invention peuvent être disponibles dans le commerce, par exemple auprès des fournisseurs Vanderbilt, Rhein Chemie ou Afton. The dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives used in the present invention may be commercially available, for example from the suppliers Vanderbilt, Rhein Chemie or Afton.
Additifs polysulfure Polysulfide additives
L’additif ou les additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés mis en œuvre dans une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention peu(ven)t encore être choisi(s) parmi des additifs anti-usure soufrés de type polysulfure, en particulier des oléfines soufrées. The amine and / or sulfur anti-wear additive or additives used in a lubricating composition according to the invention can still be chosen from among sulfur-based anti-wear additives of the polysulfide type, in particular sulfur olefins.
Les oléfines soufrées utilisées dans une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention peuvent être notamment des dialkyle sulfures représentés par la formule générale Ra-Sx-Rb, où Ra et Rb sont des groupes alkyles comportant de 3 à 15 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement 3 atomes de carbone, et x est un entier compris entre 2 et 6. The sulfur-containing olefins used in a lubricating composition according to the invention can in particular be dialkyl sulfides represented by the general formula R a -S x -R b , where R a and R b are alkyl groups comprising from 3 to 15 carbon atoms. , preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferentially 3 carbon atoms, and x is an integer between 2 and 6.
De préférence, l’additif polysulfure est choisi parmi les dialkyle trisulfures. De préférence, l’additif anti-usure présent dans une composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention est choisi parmi les additifs anti-usure aminés et soufrés, et avantageusement parmi les composés thia(di)azoles tels que décrits ci-dessus et plus préférentiellement parmi les dérivés du dimercaptothiadiazole. Preferably, the polysulfide additive is chosen from dialkyl trisulfides. Preferably, the anti-wear additive present in a composition used according to the invention is chosen from amino and sulfur anti-wear additives, and advantageously from thia (di) azole compounds as described above and more preferably among the derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole.
Une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention peut comprendre de 0,01 à 10% en masse, en particulier de 0, 1 à 5 % massique et plus particulièrement de 0,5 à 3 % massique d’additif(s) anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, de préférence de type thia(di)azole et plus préférentiellement choisis parmi des dérivés du dimercaptothiadiazole, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante. A lubricating composition considered according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by mass and more particularly from 0.5 to 3% by mass of anti-wear additive (s) amines and / or sulfur, preferably of thia (di) azole type and more preferably chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
La mise en œuvre d’autres additifs anti -usures, connus notamment pour les lubrifiants pour système de propulsion, distincts d’additifs aminés et/ou soufrés, est envisageable, pour autant qu’ils n’affectent pas les propriétés conférées par la combinaison du ou desdits composé de type succinimide et du ou desdits additifs anti-usures aminés et/ou soufrés selon l’invention. The use of other anti-wear additives, known in particular for lubricants for propulsion systems, distinct from amino and / or sulfur additives, can be envisaged, provided that they do not affect the properties conferred by the combination. of said compound (s) of succinimide type and of said amino and / or sulfur antiwear additive (s) according to the invention.
Une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention peut comprendre de 0,01 à 15 % en masse, en particulier de 0, 1 à 10 % en masse et plus particulièrement de 0,5 à 5 % massique d’additif(s) anti-usure, incluant un ou plusieurs additifs aminés et/ou soufrés, tels que décrits précédemment. A lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 15% by mass, in particular from 0.1 to 10% by mass and more particularly from 0.5 to 5% by mass of anti- additive (s). wear, including one or more amine and / or sulfur additives, as described above.
De préférence, une composition lubrifiante requise selon l’invention est exempte d’additif anti-usure autre que le ou lesdits additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés mis en œuvre selon l’invention. Preferably, a lubricant composition required according to the invention is free of antiwear additive other than said amine and / or sulfur antiwear additive (s) used according to the invention.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention associe : According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention combines:
un ou plusieurs composés de type succinimide, en particulier choisis parmi les polyalkylène mono- ou bis-succinimides et leurs dérivés boratés, tels que les polyisobutène mono- ou bis- succinimides et leurs dérivés boratés, en particulier choisis parmi les composés de la formule (I) précitée, de préférence parmi les composés de formule (II) et (III) telles que définis ci- dessus ; et one or more compounds of succinimide type, in particular chosen from polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides and their borated derivatives, such as polyisobutene mono- or bis-succinimides and their borated derivatives, in particular chosen from compounds of formula ( I) above, preferably from the compounds of formula (II) and (III) as defined above; and
un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et soufrés, de préférence choisis parmi des dérivés du dimercaptothiazole, en particulier tels que définis ci-dessus. one or more amino and sulfur antiwear additives, preferably chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiazole, in particular as defined above.
Une composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre, outre un ou plusieurs additifs de type succinimide et un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s), en particulier tels que définis précédemment, une ou plusieurs huiles de base, ainsi que d’autres additifs, classiquement considérés dans les compositions lubrifiantes. A composition used according to the invention may comprise, in addition to one or more additives of succinimide type and one or more anti-wear additives amine (s) and / or sulfur (s), in particular as defined above, one or more base oils, as well as other additives, conventionally considered in lubricating compositions.
Huiles de base Base oils
Une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention peut ainsi comprendre une ou plusieurs huiles de base. A lubricating composition considered according to the invention can thus comprise one or more base oils.
Ces huiles de base peuvent être choisies parmi les huiles de base conventionnellement utilisées dans le domaine des huiles lubrifiantes, telles que les huiles minérales, synthétiques ou naturelles, animales ou végétales ou leurs mélanges. These base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or their mixtures.
Il peut s’agir d’un mélange de plusieurs huiles de base, par exemple un mélange de deux, trois, ou quatre huiles de base. It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
Les huiles de base des compositions lubrifiantes considérées selon l’invention peuvent être en particulier des huiles d’origines minérales ou synthétiques appartenant aux groupes I à V selon les classes définies dans la classification API (ou leurs équivalents selon la classification ATIEL) et présentées dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous ou leurs mélanges. The base oils of the lubricating compositions considered according to the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
[Tableau 1] [Table 1]
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Les huiles de base minérales incluent tous types d’huiles de base obtenues par distillation atmosphérique et sous vide du pétrole brut, suivies d’opérations de raffinage telles qu’ extraction au solvant, désalphatage, déparaffinage au solvant, hydrotraitement, hydrocraquage, hydroisomérisation et hydrofinition. Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing. .
Des mélanges d’huiles synthétiques et minérales, pouvant être biosourcées, peuvent également être employés. Il n’existe généralement aucune limitation quant à l’emploi d’huiles de base différentes pour réaliser les compositions mises en œuvre selon l’invention, si ce n’est qu’elles doivent avoir des propriétés, notamment en termes de viscosité, d’indice de viscosité, ou de résistance à l’oxydation, adaptées à une utilisation pour des systèmes de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biobased, can also be used. There is generally no limitation as to the use of different base oils to produce the compositions used according to the invention, except that they must have properties, in particular in terms of viscosity, d 'viscosity index, or resistance to oxidation, suitable for use in propulsion systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Les huiles de bases des compositions mises en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent également être choisies parmi les huiles synthétiques, telles certains esters d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools, les polyalphaoléfines (PAO), et les polyalkylène glycol (PAG) obtenus par polymérisation ou copolymérisation d’oxydes d’alkylène comprenant de 2 à 8 atomes de carbone, en particulier de 2 à 4 atomes de carbone. The base oils of the compositions used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization. or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
Les PAO utilisées comme huiles de base sont par exemple obtenues à partir de monomères comprenant de 4 à 32 atomes de carbone, par exemple à partir d’octène ou de décène. La masse moléculaire moyenne en poids de la PAO peut varier assez largement. De manière préférée, la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids de la PAO est inférieure à 600 Da. La masse moléculaire moyenne en poids de la PAO peut également aller de 100 à 600 Da, de 150 à 600 Da, ou encore de 200 à 600 Da. The PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene. The weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da. The weight-average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
Avantageusement, l’huile ou les huiles de base de la composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention sont choisies parmi les polyalphaoléfines (PAO), les polyalkylène glycol (PAG) et les esters d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools. Advantageously, the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, l’huile ou les huiles de base de la composition mise en œuvre selon l’invention peuvent être choisies parmi les huiles de base du groupe II ou III. Il appartient à l’homme du métier d’ajuster la teneur en huile de base à mettre en œuvre dans une composition convenant à l’invention. According to an alternative embodiment, the oil or the base oils of the composition used according to the invention can be chosen from the base oils of group II or III. It is up to the person skilled in the art to adjust the base oil content to be used in a composition suitable for the invention.
Une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention peut comprendre au moins 50 % en masse d’huile(s) de base par rapport à sa masse totale, en particulier de 60 à 99 % en masse d’huile(s) de base, par rapport à sa masse totale. A lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise at least 50% by mass of base oil (s) relative to its total mass, in particular from 60 to 99% by mass of base oil (s), by compared to its total mass.
Additifs complémentaires Complementary additives
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut également comprendre en outre tous types d’additifs, distincts des additifs de type succinimide et des additifs anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s) définis dans le contexte de la présente invention, adaptés à une utilisation dans un lubrifiant pour système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Il est entendu que la nature et la quantité d’additifs mis en œuvre sont choisies de manière à ne pas affecter les propriétés en termes de performances anti-usure et anti-corrosion conférées par la combinaison du ou desdits composé de type succinimide et du ou desdits additifs aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s) mise en œuvre selon l’invention. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also further comprise all types of additives, other than additives of succinimide type and anti-wear additives amine (s) and / or sulfur (s) defined in the context of the present invention. , suitable for use in a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It is understood that the nature and the amount of additives used are chosen so as not to affect the properties in terms of anti-wear and anti-corrosion performance conferred by the combination of said compound (s) of succinimide type and of or of said amine (s) and / or sulfur (s) additives used according to the invention.
De tels additifs, connus de l’homme du métier dans le domaine de la lubrification et/ou du refroidissement des systèmes de propulsion de véhicules électriques ou hybrides, peuvent être choisis parmi les modificateurs de frottements, les détergents, les additifs extrême- pression, les dispersants distincts des composés de type succinimide selon l’invention, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti -mousse et leurs mélanges. Avantageusement, une composition convenant à l’invention comprend au moins un additif additionnel choisi parmi les modificateurs de frottements, les modificateurs d’indice de viscosité, les détergents, les additifs extrême-pression, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse et leurs mélanges. Such additives, known to those skilled in the art in the field of lubricating and / or cooling propulsion systems for electric or hybrid vehicles, can be chosen from friction modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants distinct from the succinimide-type compounds according to the invention, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foaming agents and mixtures thereof. Advantageously, a composition suitable for the invention comprises at least one additional additive chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, point-d depressants. flow, anti-foam agents and mixtures thereof.
Ces additifs peuvent être introduits isolément et/ou sous la forme d’un mélange à l’image de ceux déjà disponibles à la vente pour les formulations de lubrifiants commerciaux pour moteurs de véhicules, de niveau de performance tels que définis par G ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Européens d’ Automobiles) et/ou GARI (American Petroleum Institute), bien connus de l’homme du métier. These additives can be introduced singly and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by G ACEA (Association European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or GARI (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre au moins un additif modificateur de frottement. L’additif modificateur de frottement peut être choisi parmi un composé apportant des éléments métalliques et un composé exempt de cendres. Parmi les composés apportant des éléments métalliques, on peut citer les complexes de métaux de transition tels que Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn dont les ligands peuvent être des composés hydrocarbonés comprenant des atomes d’oxygène, d’azote, de soufre ou de phosphore. Les additifs modificateurs de frottement exempt de cendres sont généralement d’origine organique et peuvent être choisis parmi les monoesters d’acides gras et de polyols, les amines alcoxylées, les amines grasses alcoxylées, les époxydes gras, les époxydes gras de borate ; les amines grasses ou les esters de glycérol d’acide gras. Selon l’invention, les composés gras comprennent au moins un groupement hydrocarboné comprenant de 10 à 24 atomes de carbone. Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre de 0,01 à 2 % en poids ou de 0,01 à 5 % en poids, préférentiellement de 0, 1 à 1,5 % en poids ou de 0,1 à 2 % en poids d’additif modificateur de frottement, par rapport au poids total de la composition.A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive. The friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound. Among the compounds providing metallic elements, mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus. The ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from fatty acid monoesters and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty borate epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters. According to the invention, the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2%. by weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre au moins un additif antioxydant. A lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
L’additif antioxydant permet généralement de retarder la dégradation de la composition en service. Cette dégradation peut notamment se traduire par la formation de dépôts, par la présence de boues ou par une augmentation de la viscosité de la composition. The antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in use. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
Les additifs antioxydants agissent notamment comme inhibiteurs radicalaires ou destructeurs d’hydropéroxydes. Parmi les additifs antioxydants couramment employés, on peut citer les additifs antioxydants de type phénolique, les additifs antioxydants de type aminé, les additifs antioxydants phosphosoufrés. Certains de ces additifs antioxydants, par exemple les additifs antioxydants phosphosoufrés, peuvent être générateurs de cendres. Les additifs antioxydants phénoliques peuvent être exempt de cendres ou bien être sous forme de sels métalliques neutres ou basiques. Les additifs antioxydants peuvent notamment être choisis parmi les phénols stériquement encombrés, les esters de phénol stériquement encombrés et les phénols stériquement encombrés comprenant un pont thioéther, les diphénylamines, les diphénylamines substituées par au moins un groupement alkyle en Ci- C12, les N,N'-dialkyle-aryle-diamines et leurs mélanges. Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides. Among the antioxidant additives currently used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives, can generate ash. The phenolic antioxidant additives can be free of ash or be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. The antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C 1 -C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
De préférence selon l’invention, les phénols stériquement encombrés sont choisis parmi les composés comprenant un groupement phénol dont au moins un carbone vicinal du carbone portant la fonction alcool est substitué par au moins un groupement alkyle en Ci- Cio, de préférence un groupement alkyle en CI-CÔ, de préférence un groupement alkyle en C4, de préférence par le groupement tert-butyle. Preferably according to the invention, the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -Cio alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group. C I -C O, preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably tert-butyl group.
Les composés aminés sont une autre classe d’additifs antioxydants pouvant être utilisés, éventuellement en combinaison avec les additifs antioxydants phénoliques. Des exemples de composés aminés sont les amines aromatiques, par exemple les amines aromatiques de formule NR4R5R6 dans laquelle R4 représente un groupement aliphatique ou un groupement aromatique, éventuellement substitué, R5 représente un groupement aromatique, éventuellement substitué, R6 représente un atome d’hydrogène, un groupement alkyle, un groupement aryle ou un groupement de formule R7S(0)zR8 dans laquelle R7 représente un groupement alkylène ou un groupement alkenylène, R8 représente un groupement alkyle, un groupement alcényle ou un groupement aryle et z représente 0, 1 ou 2. Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives. Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents a alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
Des alkyl phénols sulfurisés ou leurs sels de métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux peuvent également être utilisés comme additifs antioxydants. Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
Une autre classe d’additifs antioxydants est celle des composés cuivrés, par exemples les thio- ou dithio-phosphates de cuivre, les sels de cuivre et d’acides carboxyliques, les dithiocarbamates, les sulphonates, les phénates, les acétylacétonates de cuivre. Les sels de cuivre I et II, les sels d’acide ou d’anhydride succiniques peuvent également être utilisés. Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut contenir tous types d’additifs antioxydants connus de l’homme du métier. Another class of antioxidant additives is that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used. A lubricating composition used according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
De manière avantageuse, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention comprend au moins un additif antioxydant exempt de cendres. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre de 0,5 à 2 % en poids d’au moins un additif antioxydant, par rapport au poids total de la composition. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention est exempte d’additif antioxydant de type amine aromatique ou de type phénol stériquement encombré. A lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition. According to a particular embodiment, a lubricating composition used according to the invention is free from an antioxidant additive of aromatic amine type or of sterically hindered phenol type.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut également comprendre au moins un additif détergent. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention can also include at least one detergent additive.
Les additifs détergents permettent généralement de réduire la formation de dépôts à la surface des pièces métalliques par dissolution des produits secondaires d’oxydation et de combustion. Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving by-products of oxidation and combustion.
Les additifs détergents utilisables dans une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention sont généralement connus de l’homme de métier. Les additifs détergents peuvent être des composés anioniques comprenant une longue chaîne hydrocarbonée lipophile et une tête hydrophile. Le cation associé peut être un cation métallique d’un métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux. The detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art. The detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head. The associated cation can be a metallic cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
Les additifs détergents sont préférentiellement choisis parmi les sels de métaux alcalins ou de métaux alcalino-terreux d’acides carboxyliques, les sulfonates, les salicylates, les naphténates, ainsi que les sels de phénates. Les métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux sont préférentiellement le calcium, le magnésium, le sodium ou le baryum. Ces sels métalliques comprennent généralement le métal en quantité stoechiométrique ou bien en excès, donc en quantité supérieure à la quantité stœchiométrique. Il s’agit alors d’additifs détergents surbasés ; le métal en excès apportant le caractère surbasé à l’additif détergent est alors généralement sous la forme d’un sel métallique insoluble dans l’huile, par exemple un carbonate, un hydroxyde, un oxalate, un acétate, un glutamate, préférentiellement un carbonate. The detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates. The alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium. These metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount. These are then overbased detergent additives; the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut par exemple comprendre de 2 à 4 % en poids d’additif détergent, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Egalement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut comprendre au moins un agent dispersant, distinct des composés de type succinimide définis selon l’invention. Also, a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one dispersing agent, distinct from the succinimide-type compounds defined according to the invention.
L’agent dispersant peut être choisi parmi les bases de Mannich. The dispersing agent can be selected from Mannich bases.
Une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut par exemple comprendre de 0,2 à 10 % en poids d’agent(s) dispersant(s) distinct(s) des composés de type succinimide définis selon l’invention, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent (s) distinct (s) from the compounds of succinimide type defined according to the invention, relative to to the total weight of the composition.
Avantageusement, la composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention ne comprend pas d’agent(s) dispersant, différents des composés de type succinimide définis selon l’invention. Advantageously, the lubricating composition used according to the invention does not include any dispersing agent (s), other than the succinimide-type compounds defined according to the invention.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre en outre au moins un agent antimousse. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may further comprise at least one antifoam agent.
L’agent antimousse peut être choisi parmi les silicones. The antifoam agent can be chosen from silicones.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut comprendre de 0,01 à 2 % massique ou de 0,01 à 5 % massique, préférentiellement de 0, 1 à 1,5 % massique ou de 0,1 à 2 % massique d’agent antimousse, par rapport au poids total de la composition. A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by mass or from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by mass or from 0.1 to 2% by mass of antifoaming agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention peut également comprendre au moins un additif abaisseur du point d’écoulement, (dits encore agents « PPD » pour « Pour Point Depressant » en langue anglaise). A lubricating composition suitable for the invention may also include at least one pour point depressant additive (also called "PPD" agents for "For Point Depressant" in English).
En ralentissant la formation de cristaux de paraffine, les additifs abaisseurs de point d’écoulement améliorent généralement le comportement à froid de la composition. Comme exemple d’additifs abaisseurs de point d’écoulement, on peut citer les polyméthacrylates d’alkyle, les polyacrylates, les polyarylamides, les polyalkylphénols, les polyalkylnaphtalènes, les polystyrènes alkylés. En particulier, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut être exempte d’additif anti-corrosion de type triazole et d’additif antioxydant de type amine aromatique ou de type phénol stériquement encombré. By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition. As examples of pour point lowering additives, mention may be made of polymethacrylates of alkyl, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes. In particular, a lubricating composition used according to the invention may be free from anti-corrosion additive of triazole type and from antioxidant additive of aromatic amine type or of sterically hindered phenol type.
En termes de formulation d’une telle composition lubrifiante, le ou lesdits composé(s) de type succinimide peuvent être additionnés à une huile ou mélange d’huiles de base, puis les autres additifs complémentaires, y compris le ou les additifs anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s), ajoutés. In terms of formulation of such a lubricating composition, the said compound (s) of succinimide type may be added to an oil or mixture of base oils, then the other additional additives, including the anti-wear additive (s). amino (s) and / or sulfur (s), added.
Alternativement, le ou lesdits composés de type succinimide peuvent être additionnés à une formulation lubrifiante conventionnelle préexistante, comprenant notamment une ou plusieurs huiles de base, un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s), et éventuellement des additifs complémentaires. Alternatively, said compound (s) of succinimide type may be added to a pre-existing conventional lubricating formulation, comprising in particular one or more base oils, one or more anti-wear additives amine (s) and / or sulfur (s), and optionally additional additives.
Alternativement, le ou lesdits additif(s) anti-corrosion de type succinimide selon l’invention peuvent être combinés avec un ou plusieurs additifs additionnels, et le « paquet » d’additifs ainsi formé additionné à une huile ou mélange d’huiles de base. Alternatively, the said anti-corrosion additive (s) of succinimide type according to the invention can be combined with one or more additional additives, and the "packet" of additives thus formed added to an oil or mixture of base oils. .
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention présente une viscosité cinématique, mesurée à 100°C selon la norme ASTM D445 allant de 1 à 15 mm2/s, en particulier allant de 3 à 10 mm2/s. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1 to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular ranging from 3 to 10 mm 2 / s.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention présente une viscosité cinématique, mesurée à 40°C selon la norme ASTM D445 allant de 3 à 80 mm2/s, en particulier de 15 à 70 mm2/s. Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 3 to 80 mm 2 / s, in particular from 15 to 70 mm 2 / s.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de la présente invention, les valeurs de résistivité électrique mesurées à 90°C des compositions lubrifiantes mises en œuvre selon l’invention sont comprises entre 5 et 10000 Mohm.m, de préférence encore entre 6 et 5000 Mohm.m. Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de la présente invention, les valeurs de perte diélectrique mesurées à 90°C des compositions lubrifiantes mises en œuvre selon l’invention sont comprises entre 0,01 et 30, de préférence encore entre 0,02 et 25, plus préférentiellement entre 0,02 et 10. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the values of electrical resistivity measured at 90 ° C. of the lubricating compositions used according to the invention are between 5 and 10,000 Mohm.m, more preferably between 6 and 5,000 Mohm. mr. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric loss values measured at 90 ° C. of the lubricating compositions used according to the invention are between 0.01 and 30, more preferably between 0.02 and 25, more preferably between 0.02 and 10.
Avantageusement, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention peut être de grade selon la classification SAEJ300 défini par la formule (X)W(Y), dans laquelle X représente 0 ou 5 ; et Y représente un nombre entier allant de 4 à 20, en particulier allant de 4 à 16 ou de 4 à 12. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention comprend, voire est constituée de : Advantageously, a lubricating composition used according to the invention can be of a grade according to the SAEJ300 classification defined by formula (X) W (Y), in which X represents 0 or 5; and Y represents an integer ranging from 4 to 20, in particular ranging from 4 to 16 or from 4 to 12. According to a particular embodiment, a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
une huile de base ou mélange d’huiles de base, de préférence choisies parmi les polyalphaoléfines (PAO), les polyalkylène glycol (PAG) et les esters d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools ; a base oil or mixture of base oils, preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols;
un ou plusieurs additifs de type succinimide, de préférence choisis parmi les polyalkylène mono- et bis-succinimides, tels que les polyisobutène mono- et bis-succinimides, et leurs dérivés boratés ; en particulier choisis parmi les composés de la formule (I) précitée, de préférence parmi les composés de formule (II) et (III) telles que définis ci-dessus ; one or more additives of succinimide type, preferably chosen from polyalkylene mono- and bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene mono- and bis-succinimides, and their borated derivatives; in particular chosen from the compounds of formula (I) above, preferably from the compounds of formula (II) and (III) as defined above;
un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, de préférence un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et soufrés, et plus préférentiellement choisis parmi des composés de type thia(di)azoles, en particulier des dérivés du dimercaptothiazole tels que définis ci- dessus ; one or more amino and / or sulfur antiwear additives, preferably one or more amino and sulfur antiwear additives, and more preferably chosen from compounds of thia (di) azoles type, in particular dimercaptothiazole derivatives as defined above;
éventuellement un ou plusieurs additifs additionnels choisis parmi les modificateurs de frottements, les modificateurs d’indice de viscosité, les détergents, les additifs extrême- pression, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse et leurs mélanges. optionally one or more additional additives chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and their mixtures.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, une composition lubrifiante mise en œuvre selon l’invention comprend, voire est constituée de : According to a particular embodiment, a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
de 0,01% à 10 % massique, en particulier de 0,1% à 10 % massique, et plus particulièrement de 0,5 % à 8 % massique, d’un ou plusieurs additifs de type succinimide, de préférence choisis parmi les polyalkylène mono- et bis-succinimides, tels que les polyisobutène mono- et bis-succinimides, et leurs dérivés boratés ; en particulier choisis parmi les composés de la formule (I) précitée, de préférence parmi les composés de formule (II) et (III) telles que définis ci-dessus ; from 0.01% to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1% to 10% by weight, and more particularly from 0.5% to 8% by weight, of one or more additives of succinimide type, preferably chosen from among polyalkylene mono- and bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene mono- and bis-succinimides, and their borated derivatives; in particular chosen from the compounds of formula (I) above, preferably from the compounds of formula (II) and (III) as defined above;
de 0,01 à 10 % massique, en particulier de 0, 1 à 5 % massique, et plus particulièrement de 0,5 à 3% massique, d’un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, de préférence d’un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et soufrés, et plus préférentiellement choisis parmi des composés de type thia(di)azoles, en particulier des dérivés du dimercaptothiazole tels que définis ci-dessus; from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by weight, and more particularly from 0.5 to 3% by weight, of one or more amine and / or sulfur antiwear additives, preferably of one or more amino and sulfur anti-wear additives, and more preferably chosen from compounds of thia (di) azoles type, in particular dimercaptothiazole derivatives as defined above;
de 60% à 99,9 % massique d’huile(s) de base, de préférence choisies parmi les polyalphaoléfines (PAO), les polyalkylène glycol (PAG), les esters d’acides carboxyliques et d’alcools et leurs mélanges ; from 60% to 99.9% by mass of base oil (s), preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols and their mixtures;
éventuellement de 0,1% à 5 % massique d’un ou plusieurs additifs choisis parmi les modificateurs de frottements, les modificateurs d’indice de viscosité, les détergents, les additifs extrême-pression, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point d’écoulement, les agents anti-mousse et leurs mélanges ; optionally from 0.1% to 5% by mass of one or more additives chosen from friction modifiers, viscosity index modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, point depressants flow, anti-foaming agents and mixtures thereof;
les teneurs étant exprimées par rapport à la masse totale de ladite composition lubrifiante. the contents being expressed relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
APPLICATION APPLICATION
Comme indiqué précédemment, une composition lubrifiante convenant à l’invention, telle que décrite précédemment, est mise en œuvre comme lubrifiant pour un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, et plus particulièrement du moteur et de l’électronique de puissance. As indicated above, a lubricating composition suitable for the invention, as described above, is used as a lubricant for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly of the engine and of the power electronics.
Ainsi, la présente invention concerne l’utilisation d’une composition lubrifiante telle que définie précédemment, associant un ou plusieurs composés de type succinimide, en particulier tels que définis précédemment, et un ou plusieurs additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés, de préférence dérivés de dimercaptothiazole, pour lubrifier un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification du moteur électrique et de l’électronique de puissance d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Thus, the present invention relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined above, combining one or more compounds of succinimide type, in particular as defined above, and one or more anti-wear amine and / or sulfur additives, of preferably derivatives of dimercaptothiazole, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Comme représenté schématiquement en Figure 1, le système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, comprend notamment la partie moteur électrique (1), une batterie électrique (2) et une transmission, et en particulier un réducteur de vitesse (3). As shown schematically in Figure 1, the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprises in particular the electric motor part (1), an electric battery (2) and a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3).
Le moteur électrique comprend typiquement une électronique de puissance (11) reliée à un stator (13) et un rotor (14). Le stator comprend des bobines, en particulier des bobines de cuivre, qui sont alimentées alternativement par un courant électrique. Ceci permet de générer un champ magnétique tournant. Le rotor comprend lui-même des bobines, des aimants permanents ou d’autres matériaux magnétiques, et est mis en rotation par le champ magnétique tournant. The electric motor typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14). The stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field. The rotor itself consists of coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
Un roulement (12) est généralement intégré entre le stator (13) et le rotor (14). Une transmission, et en particulier un réducteur de vitesse (3), permet de réduire la vitesse de rotation en sortie du moteur électrique et d’adapter la vitesse transmise aux roues, permettant dans le même temps de contrôler la vitesse du véhicule. A bearing (12) is generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14). A transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3), makes it possible to reduce the speed of rotation at the output of the electric motor and to adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, allowing at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
Le roulement (12) est notamment soumis à de fortes contraintes mécaniques et pose des problèmes d’usure par fatigue. Il est donc nécessaire de lubrifier le roulement afin d’augmenter sa durée de vie. Également, le réducteur est soumis de fortes contraintes en friction et nécessite donc d’être lubrifié de manière appropriée afin d’éviter qu’il ne soit endommagé trop rapidement. The bearing (12) is in particular subjected to high mechanical stresses and poses problems of fatigue wear. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to to increase its lifespan. Also, the reducer is subjected to high friction stresses and therefore needs to be lubricated appropriately in order to prevent it from being damaged too quickly.
Ainsi, l’invention concerne en particulier l’utilisation d’une composition telle que décrite précédemment pour lubrifier un moteur électrique d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour lubrifier les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique. Thus, the invention relates in particular to the use of a composition as described above for lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor. .
Elle concerne encore la mise en œuvre d’une composition telle que décrite précédemment pour lubrifier la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. It also relates to the use of a composition as described above to lubricate the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Avantageusement, une composition selon l’invention peut ainsi être utilisée pour lubrifier les différentes pièces d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique et/ou la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. Advantageously, a composition according to the invention can thus be used to lubricate the various parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
De manière avantageuse, comme évoqué précédemment, une composition lubrifiante selon l’invention présente d’excellentes performances anti-usure et anti-corrosion. Advantageously, as mentioned above, a lubricating composition according to the invention exhibits excellent anti-wear and anti-corrosion performance.
L’invention concerne encore, selon un autre de ses aspects, un procédé de lubrification d’au moins une pièce d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique ; et/ou de la transmission, notamment du réducteur, comprenant au moins une étape de mise en contact d’au moins ladite pièce, avec une composition telle que décrite précédemment. The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of lubricating at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of. an electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
La présente invention propose ainsi un procédé pour diminuer simultanément l’usure et la corrosion d’au moins une pièce d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier des roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique ; et/ou de la transmission, notamment du réducteur, ledit procédé comprenant au moins une étape de mise en contact d’au moins ladite pièce, avec une composition telle que décrite précédemment. The present invention thus proposes a method for simultaneously reducing the wear and corrosion of at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric vehicle. electric motor; and / or of the transmission, in particular of the reducer, said method comprising at least one step of bringing at least said part into contact with a composition as described above.
L’ensemble des caractéristiques et préférences décrites pour la composition utilisée selon l’invention ainsi que pour ses utilisations s’applique également à ce procédé. All of the characteristics and preferences described for the composition used according to the invention as well as for its uses also apply to this process.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, une composition selon l’invention peut présenter, outre des propriétés de lubrification, de bonnes propriétés d’isolation électrique. Selon ce mode de réalisation, une composition selon l’invention peut simultanément être utilisée pour lubrifier une ou plusieurs pièces d’un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification des capteurs et des électrovannes du moteur, des roulements, mais aussi du bobinage situé au niveau du rotor et du stator d’un moteur électrique, ou encore la lubrification au niveau de la transmission, en particulier les engrenages, les capteurs, les électrovannes, ou bien le réducteur que l’on retrouve dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride, et pour isoler électriquement au moins une pièce dudit système de propulsion, notamment de la batterie. According to a particular embodiment, a composition according to the invention can exhibit, in addition to lubricating properties, good electrical insulation properties. According to this embodiment, a composition according to the invention can simultaneously be used to lubricate one or more parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the sensors and solenoid valves of the engine, bearings, but also the winding located at the rotor and stator of an electric motor, or the lubrication at the transmission level, in particular the gears, sensors, solenoid valves, or the reducer that we find in an electric or hybrid vehicle, and to electrically isolate at least one part of said propulsion system, in particular from the battery.
Dans le cadre d’une telle variante de mise en œuvre, une composition lubrifiante considérée selon l’invention présente avantageusement une viscosité cinématique, mesurée à 100°C selon la norme ASTM D445, comprise entre 2 et 8 mm2/s, de préférence entre 3 et 7 mm2/s. Il est entendu que les utilisations décrites ci-dessus peuvent être combinées, une composition telle que décrite précédemment pouvant être utilisée à la fois à titre de lubrifiant, d’isolant électrique et mais aussi en tant que fluide de refroidissement pour le moteur, la batterie et la transmission d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. In the context of such an implementation variant, a lubricating composition considered according to the invention advantageously exhibits a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 2 and 8 mm 2 / s, preferably between 3 and 7 mm 2 / s. It is understood that the uses described above can be combined, a composition as described above can be used both as a lubricant, as an electrical insulator and also as a cooling fluid for the engine, the battery. and the transmission of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Selon l'invention, les caractéristiques particulières, avantageuses ou préférées de la composition selon l'invention, permettent de définir des utilisations selon l'invention qui sont également particulières, avantageuses ou préférées. According to the invention, the particular, advantageous or preferred characteristics of the composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
L’invention va maintenant être décrite au moyen des exemples suivants, donnés bien entendu à titre illustratif et non limitatif de l’invention. The invention will now be described by means of the following examples, given of course by way of illustration and without limitation of the invention.
Exemple Example
Différentes compositions ont été évaluées : Different compositions were evaluated:
une composition Cl comprenant un additif anti-usure aminé et soufré, de type dimercaptothiadiazole et dépourvue d’additif de type succinimide ; a composition C1 comprising an amine and sulfur antiwear additive, of the dimercaptothiadiazole type and free of additive of the succinimide type;
une composition C2 comprenant ledit additif anti-usure de type dimercaptothiadiazole, et un additif dispersant de type succinimide, conforme à l’invention, plus précisément un bis- succinimide de formule suivante : a C2 composition comprising said anti-wear additive of dimercaptothiadiazole type, and a dispersant additive of succinimide type, in accordance with the invention, more precisely a bis-succinimide of the following formula:
[Chem 17]
Figure imgf000033_0001
[Chem 17]
Figure imgf000033_0001
tel que défini précédemment, as defined above,
une composition C3 comprenant ledit additif anti-usure de type dimercaptothiadiazole, et un additif dispersant de type succinimide, conforme à l’invention, plus précisément un PIB succinimide de haut poids moléculaire, a C3 composition comprising said anti-wear additive of dimercaptothiadiazole type, and a dispersant additive of succinimide type, in accordance with the invention, more specifically a succinimide PIB of high molecular weight,
une composition C4 comprenant ledit additif anti-usure de type dimercaptothiadiazole, et un additif dispersant de type succinimide, conforme à l’invention, plus précisément un PIB succinimide de formule suivante : a C4 composition comprising said anti-wear additive of dimercaptothiadiazole type, and a dispersant additive of succinimide type, in accordance with the invention, more specifically a succinimide PIB of the following formula:
[Chem 18] [Chem 18]
Figure imgf000033_0002
Figure imgf000033_0002
Les compositions Cl à C4 comprennent, outre les composés précités, une huile de base de groupe V. Compositions C1 to C4 comprise, in addition to the aforementioned compounds, a group V base oil.
Les compositions et les quantités (exprimées en pourcentage massique) sont indiquées dans le tableau 2 suivant. The compositions and the amounts (expressed as a percentage by mass) are indicated in Table 2 below.
[Tableau 2] [Table 2]
Figure imgf000033_0003
Figure imgf000034_0003
Figure imgf000033_0003
Figure imgf000034_0003
Evaluation des propriétés anti-corrosion Evaluation of anti-corrosion properties
Méthode d’évaluation Assessment method
Le pouvoir corrosif (ou corrodant) d’une composition peut être évalué selon un test mettant en œuvre l’étude de la variation de la valeur de la résistance électrique d’un fil de cuivre ayant un diamètre préétabli, en fonction de la durée d’immersion de ce fil au sein de la composition. On corréle la variation de la valeur de cette résistance électrique directement avec la variation du diamètre du fil testé. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le diamètre du fil choisi est de 70 pm. The corrosive (or corroding) power of a composition can be evaluated according to a test implementing the study of the variation in the value of the electrical resistance of a copper wire having a predetermined diameter, as a function of the duration d immersion of this thread within the composition. The variation in the value of this electrical resistance is correlated directly with the variation in the diameter of the wire tested. In the context of the present invention, the diameter of the wire chosen is 70 μm.
Dans le présent cas, un fil de cuivre est immergé dans un tube à essai contenant un volume de 20 mL d’une composition à tester (les compositions C2 à C4 étant des compositions selon l’invention et la composition Cl étant une composition servant de comparatif). In the present case, a copper wire is immersed in a test tube containing a volume of 20 mL of a composition to be tested (compositions C2 to C4 being compositions according to the invention and composition C1 being a composition serving as comparative).
La résistance du fil est mesurée à l’aide d’un ohmmètre. The resistance of the wire is measured using an ohmmeter.
Le courant de mesure est de 1mA. The measurement current is 1mA.
La température de la composition à tester est portée à 150°C. The temperature of the composition to be tested is brought to 150 ° C.
La résistance du fil de cuivre est calculée par cette équation (1) : The resistance of the copper wire is calculated by this equation (1):
[Math 1]
Figure imgf000034_0001
[Math 1]
Figure imgf000034_0001
où R est la résistance, p est la résistivité du cuivre, L est la longueur du fil, et S est la surface de section. where R is the resistance, p is the resistivity of copper, L is the length of the wire, and S is the section area.
Dans cette équation (1), p et L sont constants. Ainsi, la résistance R est inversement proportionnelle avec la surface de section du fil immergé. In this equation (1), p and L are constant. Thus, the resistance R is inversely proportional with the section area of the submerged wire.
Le diamètre du fil est calculé à partir de la surface de section (équation (2)) : The wire diameter is calculated from the section area (equation (2)):
[Math 2]
Figure imgf000034_0002
[Math 2]
Figure imgf000034_0002
où D est le diamètre du fil. where D is the diameter of the wire.
On injecte l’équation (2) dans l’équation (1) pour avoir la relation entre la résistance et le diamètre (équation (3)) : [Math 3]
Figure imgf000035_0001
We inject equation (2) into equation (1) to have the relation between resistance and diameter (equation (3)): [Math 3]
Figure imgf000035_0001
C’est ainsi que, lorsque le fil se trouve corrodé par les compositions à tester, le diamètre du fil diminue, provoquant donc une augmentation de la valeur de la résistance. Thus, when the wire is corroded by the compositions to be tested, the diameter of the wire decreases, therefore causing an increase in the value of the resistance.
En surveillant la résistance, on arrive à suivre le changement du diamètre du fil, qui est une image de la situation de la corrosion subie par le fil immergé. By monitoring the resistance, we are able to follow the change in the diameter of the wire, which is an image of the corrosion situation undergone by the submerged wire.
La perte de diamètre du fil est donc calculée directement partir de la résistance mesurée. Quand la résistance mesurée est infinie, il s’agit d’un circuit ouvert. Donc le fil s’est cassé, ce qui définit une corrosion très sévère. The wire diameter loss is therefore calculated directly from the measured resistance. When the measured resistance is infinite, it is an open circuit. So the wire broke, which defines very severe corrosion.
Résultats Results
Les résultats sont récapitulés dans le tableau suivant, et sont exprimés en pm (perte de diamètre). Plus la valeur obtenue est faible, meilleures sont les propriétés anti-corrosion de la composition évaluée. The results are summarized in the following table, and are expressed in μm (loss of diameter). The lower the value obtained, the better the anti-corrosion properties of the composition evaluated.
On estime qu’une composition est « non-corrosive » lorsque la perte de diamètre du fil de cuivre étudié, est inférieure ou égale à 1,3 pm après immersion pendant 80 heures, en particulier inférieure ou égale à 0,8 pm après immersion pendant 40 heures dans la composition comprenant ledit composé. It is estimated that a composition is “non-corrosive” when the loss of diameter of the copper wire studied is less than or equal to 1.3 μm after immersion for 80 hours, in particular less than or equal to 0.8 μm after immersion. for 40 hours in the composition comprising said compound.
[Tableau 3] [Table 3]
Figure imgf000035_0002
Figure imgf000035_0002
Il ressort de ces résultats que l’ajout d’un composé de type succinimide selon l’invention permet de réduire les effets de corrosion induits par l’additif anti-usure aminé et soufré. It emerges from these results that the addition of a succinimide-type compound according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the corrosion effects induced by the amine and sulfur anti-wear additive.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1. Utilisation d’au moins un composé de type succinimide, à titre d’additif anti- corrosion dans une composition lubrifiante, destinée à un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride et comprenant un ou plusieurs additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s). 1. Use of at least one compound of succinimide type, as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricating composition, intended for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle and comprising one or more anti-corrosion additive (s). wear amine (s) and / or sulfur (s).
2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit composé de type succinimide est choisi parmi les polyalkylène mono- ou bis-succinimides, tels que les polyisobutène (PIB) mono- ou bis-succinimides ; leurs dérivés boratés ; leurs dérivés anhydrides succiniques, comme par exemple les anhydrides succiniques de polyisobutylène (PIBSA); des composés obtenus par ouverture d’un tel cycle anhydride succinique, comme par exemple les polyisobutylène pentaérythritol ester succinimides ; et leurs mélanges. 2. Use according to claim 1, in which said compound of succinimide type is chosen from polyalkylene mono- or bis-succinimides, such as polyisobutene (PIB) mono- or bis-succinimides; their borated derivatives; their succinic anhydride derivatives, such as, for example, polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides (PIBSA); compounds obtained by opening such a succinic anhydride ring, such as for example the polyisobutylene pentaerythritol ester succinimides; and their mixtures.
3. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit composé de type succinimide comprend au moins un groupement succinimide substitué de formule (ii) suivante : 3. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said succinimide-type compound comprises at least one substituted succinimide group of the following formula (ii):
Figure imgf000036_0001
ou un dérivé de boraté dudit groupement (ii), ou un dérivé anhydride succinique dudit groupement (ii), ou un composé obtenu par ouverture du cycle anhydride succinique, dans laquelle R1 représente un groupement hydrocarboné, de préférence comprenant de 8 à 400 atomes de carbones, en particulier un groupement polyalkylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)-, de préférence présentant une masse moléculaire moyenne en masse Mw comprise entre 140 et 50 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 30 000, et plus particulièrement un groupement polyisobutylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)-, de préférence de masse moléculaire moyenne en masse Mw comprise entre 140 et 30 000, en particulier entre 2 000 et 20 000 voire entre 2 000 et 7 000 et notamment entre 3 000 et 5 000.
Figure imgf000036_0001
or a borate derivative of said group (ii), or a succinic anhydride derivative of said group (ii), or a compound obtained by opening the succinic anhydride ring, in which R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group, preferably comprising from 8 to 400 atoms of carbons, in particular a polyalkylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a - (C = CH2) - group, preferably having an average molecular mass Mw of between 140 and 50,000, in particular between 2,000 and 30,000, and more particularly a polyisobutylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a - (C = CH2) - group, preferably with an average molecular weight Mw of between 140 and 30,000, in particular between 2,000 and 20,000 or even between 2,000 and 7,000 and in particular between 3,000 and 5,000.
4. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit composé de type succinimide est un mono-succinimide de formule (II) suivante :
Figure imgf000037_0001
4. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said compound of succinimide type is a mono-succinimide of the following formula (II):
Figure imgf000037_0001
ou l’un de ses dérivés boratés, or one of its borated derivatives,
dans laquelle : in which :
R1 est tel que défini en revendication 3, en particulier R1 représente un groupement polyalkylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier R1 représente un groupement polyisobutylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, R 1 is as defined in claim 3, in particular R 1 represents a polyalkylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (0 = O¾) -, in particular R 1 represents a polyisobutylene group optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (0 = WHERE) -,
A représente un groupement alkylène, linéaire ou ramifié, en C2 à C24, de préférence en C2 à CÔ ; de préférence représente au moins l’un des segments suivants -CH2-CH2-, -CH2- CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH(CH )- ; et A represents an alkylene group, linear or branched C 2 -C 24, preferably C 2 C O; preferably represents at least one of the following segments -CH2-CH2-, -CH 2 - CH2-CH2-, -CH 2 -CH (CH) -; and
y représente un nombre entier compris entre 1 et 6, en particulier y représente 2, 3 ou 4. y represents an integer between 1 and 6, in particular y represents 2, 3 or 4.
5. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le composé de type succinimide est un bis-succinimide de formule (III) suivante : 5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the succinimide compound is a bis-succinimide of the following formula (III):
Figure imgf000037_0002
Figure imgf000037_0002
ou l’un de ses dérivés boratés or one of its borate derivatives
dans laquelle : in which :
R1, identiques ou différents, sont tels que définis en revendication 3, en particulier R1 représentent des groupements polyalkylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(0=O¾)-, en particulier des groupements polyisobutylène éventuellement relié au groupement succinimide via un groupe -(C=CH2)- ; R 1 , identical or different, are as defined in claim 3, in particular R 1 represent polyalkylene groups optionally linked to the succinimide group via a - (0 = O¾) - group, in particular polyisobutylene groups optionally linked to the succinimide group via a group - (C = CH2) -;
z représente un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 10, de préférence entre 2 et 6 ; z represents an integer between 0 and 10, preferably between 2 and 6;
s représente un nombre entier compris entre 2 et 6, de préférence entre 2 et 4. s represents an integer between 2 and 6, preferably between 2 and 4.
6. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l’additif anti-usure aminé et/ou soufré est choisi parmi les dérivés de dimercaptothiadiazole, en particulier les dérivés du 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole de formules suivantes prises seules ou en mélange : 6. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the amino and / or sulfur antiwear additive is chosen from derivatives of dimercaptothiadiazole, in particular derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-l, 3,4-. thiadiazole of the following formulas taken alone or as a mixture:
Figure imgf000038_0001
dans lesquelles le ou les groupes Ri représentent, indépendamment l’un de l’autre, des atomes d’hydrogène, des groupes alkyles ou alcényles linéaires ou ramifiés, comprenant de 1 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 2 à 18, plus préférentiellement de 4 à 16, encore plus préférentiellement de 8 à 12 ou des substituants aromatiques, n étant indépendamment l’un de l’autre des entiers égaux à 1, 2, 3 ou 4, de préférence n étant égal 1.
Figure imgf000038_0001
in which the group (s) R 1 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen atoms, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups, comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 18, more preferably from 4 to 16, even more preferably from 8 to 12 or aromatic substituents, n being, independently of one another, integers equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably n being equal to 1.
7. Utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le ou lesdits composé(s) de type succinimide est(sont) présent(s) en une teneur allant de 0,01% à 10% en masse, en particulier de 0,1% à 10% en masse, et plus particulièrement de 0,5% à 8 % en masse, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante, et/ou le ou lesdits additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s) est(sont) présent(s) en une teneur allant de 0,01 à 10 % en masse, en particulier de 0,1 à 5 % en masse et plus particulièrement de 0,5 à 3 % massique, par rapport à la masse totale de la composition lubrifiante. 7. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the said compound (s) of succinimide type is (are) present in a content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by mass, in particular of 0.1% to 10% by mass, and more particularly from 0.5% to 8% by mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition, and / or said amine anti-wear additive (s) ( s) and / or sulfur (s) is (are) present in a content ranging from 0.01 to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by mass and more particularly from 0.5 to 3% by mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
8. Utilisation d’une composition lubrifiante comprenant un ou plusieurs composé(s) de type succinimide à titre d’additif(s) anti-corrosion, et un ou plusieurs additif(s) anti-usure aminé(s) et/ou soufré(s), pour lubrifier un système de propulsion d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride, en particulier pour la lubrification du moteur électrique et de l’électronique de puissance d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. 8. Use of a lubricating composition comprising one or more compound (s) of succinimide type as anti-corrosion additive (s), and one or more anti-wear additive (s) amine (s) and / or sulfur (s), for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
9. Utilisation selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle le ou les additifs anti-corrosion de type succinimide sont tels que définis selon l’une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5 et 7 ; et/ou le ou les additifs anti-usure aminés et/ou soufrés sont tels que définis selon l’une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7. 9. Use according to the preceding claim, in which the anti-corrosion additive (s) of succinimide type are as defined in any one of claims 2 to 5 and 7; and / or the amino and / or sulfur antiwear additive (s) are as defined in any one of claims 6 and 7.
10. Utilisation selon la revendication 8 ou 9, pour lubrifier les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator d’un moteur électrique, et/ou la transmission, en particulier le réducteur, d’un véhicule électrique ou hybride. 10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, for lubricating the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, and / or the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
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KR20220032057A (en) 2022-03-15
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