WO2020259434A1 - 电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020259434A1
WO2020259434A1 PCT/CN2020/097402 CN2020097402W WO2020259434A1 WO 2020259434 A1 WO2020259434 A1 WO 2020259434A1 CN 2020097402 W CN2020097402 W CN 2020097402W WO 2020259434 A1 WO2020259434 A1 WO 2020259434A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
fixed
mounting portion
battery
mounting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/097402
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
游凯杰
汪用广
唐彧
林伟龙
马俊
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910565257.4A external-priority patent/CN112151709A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910710351.4A external-priority patent/CN111106279B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910794640.7A external-priority patent/CN111106282B/zh
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020227001779A priority Critical patent/KR20220027160A/ko
Publication of WO2020259434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020259434A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • rechargeable batteries have been widely used to power vehicles.
  • Multiple rechargeable batteries are connected in series, in parallel or in series to achieve larger capacity or power.
  • the outer cover of the battery pack has a large area and poor rigidity, and the battery cells will expand during the charging and discharging process, which makes the outer cover of the battery pack relatively deformed.
  • the deformation of the outer cover of the battery pack will reduce the sealing performance of the outer cover and the box body, causing external water vapor to enter the battery pack and cause a short circuit problem.
  • the outer cover of the battery pack since the outer cover of the battery pack is deformed, it may hit other parts of the vehicle. When the battery pack needs to be removed from the vehicle for maintenance, it will be difficult to remove it from the vehicle and reattach it to the vehicle.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery pack and a vehicle, which can improve the sealing performance of the battery pack.
  • a battery pack including:
  • Box body components including box body and fixed beam, fixed beam is fixed in the box body;
  • the battery cell is located in the box;
  • the restraining component covers the battery cell and is fixed to the fixed beam.
  • the battery pack further includes an outer cover, and the outer cover is arranged on a side of the restraining member away from the box body and closes the open end of the box body.
  • the fixed beam divides the box into a plurality of accommodating cavities
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells
  • the plurality of battery cells are divided into multiple groups in a plane perpendicular to the height direction.
  • the monomers all have at least two battery monomers and are respectively arranged in different accommodating cavities.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of fixed beams, and each group of battery cells is provided with fixed beams on both sides along the grouping direction.
  • a plurality of battery cells are grouped along the length direction of the battery pack, and the fixing beam extends along the width direction of the battery pack;
  • the plurality of battery cells are grouped along the width direction of the battery pack, and the fixing beam extends along the length direction of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of restraint parts, and each restraint part respectively covers different groups of battery cells.
  • the restraining component includes:
  • the limit part covers the battery cells of the corresponding group.
  • the two mounting parts are respectively connected to the two sides of the limiting part along the battery cell grouping direction, and the two mounting parts are respectively fixed to the fixing beams on both sides of the battery cells of the corresponding group.
  • the entire limiting portion protrudes away from the battery cell relative to the mounting portion.
  • the constraining component has a split structure and covers at least part of the surface of the corresponding battery cell.
  • the preset gap there is a preset gap between the inner surface of the outer cover and the outer surface of the constraining component. In some embodiments, the preset gap ranges from 2 mm to 100 mm.
  • the battery pack includes at least one of the following:
  • the first adhesive layer is arranged between the battery cell at the bottom layer and the bottom surface of the box body;
  • the second adhesive layer is provided between two adjacent battery cells in each group of battery cells.
  • the third adhesive layer is between the high-sorry constraining component and the topmost battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes:
  • An electrode assembly arranged in the housing, the electrode assembly including a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a diaphragm arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece;
  • the electrode assembly has a wound structure and is flat, and the outer surface of the electrode assembly includes two flat surfaces, and the two flat surfaces are arranged oppositely along the height direction; or,
  • the electrode assembly has a laminated structure, and the first pole piece and the second pole piece are stacked in a height direction.
  • the battery pack further includes:
  • the pressure strip and the fastener, the installation part is arranged between the pressure strip and the fixed beam, and the fastener passes through the pressure strip and the installation part and is fixed to the fixed beam to fix the installation part on the fixed beam.
  • the battery pack further includes a sealing element, which is arranged between the outer cover and the box body to close the open end of the box body.
  • a fixed beam is provided between the battery cells of two adjacent groups, and the two adjacent installation parts fixed to one fixed beam each include a plurality of installation blocks, and the plurality of installation blocks are along the fixed beam.
  • the extension direction is arranged at intervals, and a plurality of mounting blocks corresponding to two adjacent mounting parts are alternately arranged.
  • a battery pack including:
  • the box body assembly includes a box body and multiple fixed beams, each fixed beam is fixed to the box body, and the box body is divided into a plurality of accommodating cavities;
  • each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, and each battery module is correspondingly disposed in each accommodating cavity;
  • each restraint part includes a limit part, a first installation part and a second installation part, each limit part covers each battery module correspondingly, the first installation part and the second installation part are respectively connected On both sides of the limit part along the arrangement direction of the multiple fixed beams, and are respectively fixed with the fixed beams on both sides of the corresponding battery module;
  • the first installation part of one restraint member and the second installation part of the other restraint member are fixed to the same fixed beam and arranged in a height direction.
  • the entire limiting portion protrudes in a direction away from the battery module relative to the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion
  • first distance L1 between the bottom surface of the first mounting portion and the top surface of the limiting portion
  • second distance L2 between the bottom surface of the second mounting portion and the top surface of the limiting portion
  • the first distance L1 is greater than the second distance L2.
  • the three adjacent constraining components are a first constraining component, a second constraining component, and a third constraining component, and the first constraining component, the second constraining component, and the third constraining component are arranged along a plurality of fixed beams.
  • the direction is set in sequence;
  • first installation portion of the first restraint member is located below the second installation portion of the second restraint member, and the first installation portion of the second restraint member is located below the second installation portion of the third restraint member.
  • the entire restricting portion protrudes in a direction away from the battery module relative to the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion, and the two adjacent restricting members are the fourth restricting member and the fifth restricting member, respectively,
  • the fourth constraining component and the fifth constraining component are alternately arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams, and the first distance L1 is greater than the second distance L2.
  • the thickness of the first mounting part is t, which satisfies L1-L2 ⁇ t.
  • the battery pack further includes a plurality of fasteners
  • the first mounting part is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes spaced along the length direction of the fixed beam, and the second mounting part superimposed on the first mounting part in the height direction is provided with a plurality of second mounting holes spaced along the length direction of the fixed beam hole;
  • Each fastener passes through the second mounting hole and the first mounting hole in the corresponding position in sequence and is fixed to the corresponding fixed beam.
  • the first mounting part is located below the second mounting part superimposed on the first mounting part in the height direction, and the diameter of the second mounting hole is smaller than the diameter of the first mounting hole.
  • reinforcing ribs are provided on the limiting portion.
  • the constraining component has a split structure and covers at least part of the surface of the corresponding battery module.
  • the battery pack further includes an outer cover, which is arranged on the side of the restraining member away from the battery module and closes the open end of the box.
  • the preset gap there is a preset gap between the inner surface of the outer cover and the outer surface of the constraining component. In some embodiments, the preset gap ranges from 2 mm to 100 mm.
  • the battery pack includes at least one of the following:
  • the first adhesive layer is arranged between the bottom surface of each battery module and the inner bottom surface of the box;
  • the second adhesive layer is arranged between two adjacent battery cells in the battery module.
  • the third adhesive layer is arranged between the top of each battery module and the restraining member.
  • a battery pack including:
  • the box body assembly includes a box body and multiple fixed beams, each fixed beam is fixed to the box body, and the box body is divided into a plurality of accommodating cavities;
  • each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, and each battery module is correspondingly arranged in each accommodating cavity;
  • each restraint part includes a limit part, a first installation part and a second installation part, each limit part covers each battery module correspondingly, the first installation part and the second installation part are respectively connected On both sides of the limit part along the arrangement direction of the multiple fixed beams, and are respectively fixed to the fixed beams on both sides of the corresponding battery module;
  • the first mounting part is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes at intervals along the length direction of the fixed beam,
  • the second mounting portion is provided with a plurality of second mounting holes at intervals along the length direction of the fixed beam;
  • a plurality of first fasteners respectively pass through the corresponding first mounting holes and are fixed to the fixing beam corresponding to the first mounting portion;
  • a plurality of second fasteners respectively pass through the corresponding second mounting holes and are fixed to the fixing beams corresponding to the second mounting portions
  • the adjustment amounts of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole in the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams are different.
  • the first mounting hole is a round hole
  • the second mounting hole is provided with an opening on the side wall away from the limiting portion.
  • the opening penetrates in the thickness direction of the second mounting portion and is in the length direction of the fixing beam.
  • the size of is not less than the diameter of the first connecting section of the second fastener.
  • the distance between the side wall of the second mounting hole closest to the limiting portion and the side surface of the second mounting portion away from the limiting portion is greater than the diameter of the first connecting section of the second fastener.
  • the diameter of the first mounting hole and the diameter of the arc section of the second mounting hole are the same.
  • the first mounting hole is a round hole
  • the second mounting hole is an oblong hole extending along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams.
  • a plurality of beam mounting holes are provided on the fixed beam at intervals along its length, and the beam mounting holes are threaded holes;
  • a plurality of first fasteners respectively pass through the first installation hole and the beam installation hole and are fixed to the fixed beam corresponding to the first installation part, or a plurality of second fasteners respectively pass through the second installation hole and the beam installation in sequence Hole and fixed to the corresponding fixed beam.
  • a plurality of beam mounting holes are provided on the fixed beam at intervals along its length, and the beam mounting holes are light holes;
  • the battery pack also includes a plurality of blind rivet nuts.
  • the blind rivet nut includes a second connecting section and a second limiting section.
  • the second connecting section of each blind rivet nut is respectively embedded in each beam mounting hole.
  • the second limiting section is connected to the fixing Top contact of beam;
  • a plurality of first fasteners respectively pass through the first mounting hole and the inner hole of the blind rivet nut and are fixed to the corresponding fixing beam, or a plurality of second fasteners sequentially pass through the second mounting hole and the inner hole of the blind rivet nut The inner hole is fixed to the corresponding fixed beam.
  • the diameter of the first mounting hole and the diameter of the arc section of the second mounting hole are both larger than the outer size of the second limiting section.
  • the first mounting portion of one constraining component and the second mounting portion of the other constraining component are fixed to the same group of first fasteners or second fasteners.
  • the first mounting part is located above the second mounting part that is superimposed on the first mounting part in the height direction.
  • a vehicle including:
  • the vehicle body The vehicle body;
  • the battery pack is provided in the vehicle body.
  • the battery pack of one embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a restraining member and fixed with a fixed beam.
  • the battery cell expands, it can provide a stable and effective pressing force to the battery cell, and reduce the battery cell
  • the degree of expansion and deformation moreover, due to the setting of the restraining component, the deformation of the outer cover can be reduced, and the sealing performance of the battery pack can be improved.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of an implementation of the battery pack of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack shown in Fig. 1 after the outer cover is opened;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 along the xz plane;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the battery pack of FIG. 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a bead and a seal are arranged in the battery pack;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the battery pack of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack shown in FIG. 6 after the outer cover is opened;
  • Figure 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery cell in a battery pack
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell using a wound electrode assembly along the xz plane in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell using a laminated electrode assembly along the xz plane in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along the xz plane of an embodiment of the battery pack of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a front view of the restraining component in the battery pack shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a restraining component in the battery pack shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 15 is an assembly diagram of the battery pack shown in Fig. 11 with the outer cover removed;
  • Fig. 16 is a partial enlarged view of M of the battery pack shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 17 is a partial enlarged view of N in Fig. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a rib that protrudes away from the battery module on the limiting portion of the restraining component in an embodiment of the battery pack of the present disclosure
  • Figure 19 is a front view of Figure 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a constraining part of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the disclosure, which is provided with a convex rib protruding toward a direction close to the battery module;
  • Figure 21 is a front view of Figure 20;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the disclosed battery pack adopting a split type restraining component
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the battery pack of the present disclosure.
  • 24 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of some embodiments of the battery pack of the present disclosure cut along the xz plane;
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery pack of the present disclosure where the restraining component is installed on the fixed beam;
  • FIG. 26 is an exploded view of some embodiments of the installation of the restraining component and the fixed beam in the battery pack of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the restraining component in FIG. 26;
  • FIG. 28 is a top view of some embodiments of the battery pack of the disclosure where the restraining member is installed on the fixed beam;
  • Figure 29 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 28;
  • FIG. 30 is a side view of some embodiments of the battery pack of the present disclosure where the restraining member is installed on the fixed beam;
  • Figure 31 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 30;
  • Fig. 32 is an enlarged view of C in Fig. 31;
  • FIG. 33 is a top view of other embodiments in which the restraining member is installed on the fixed beam in the battery pack of the present disclosure
  • 34 is an exploded view of some embodiments of the battery pack of the present disclosure in which the first mounting part and the second mounting part of the adjacent restraining components are superimposed in the z direction;
  • Fig. 35 is a front view of some embodiments of the restraining component in Fig. 34;
  • Figure 36 is an enlarged view of D in Figure 24;
  • Figure 37 is an enlarged view of E in Figure 36;
  • FIG. 38 is an exploded view of other embodiments of the battery pack of the present disclosure in which the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion of the adjacent restraining components are superimposed in the height direction.
  • first and second appearing in the present disclosure are only for convenience of description, to distinguish different components with the same name, and do not indicate a sequence or a primary-secondary relationship.
  • the element when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, the element can be directly on the other element, or it can be indirectly on the other element with one or More intermediate components.
  • the element when an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, the element may be directly connected to the other element, or may be indirectly connected to the other element with one or more interposed therebetween.
  • a middle element In the following, the same reference numerals denote the same elements.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more (including two groups), and “multiple roots” refers to two or more. (Including two).
  • the x direction represents the length direction of the battery pack (hereinafter referred to as length Direction);
  • the y direction indicates the width direction of the battery pack (hereinafter referred to as the width direction);
  • the z direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the x and y directions, indicating the height direction of the battery pack (hereinafter referred to as the height direction), when the battery pack is installed on the vehicle
  • the vertical direction mentioned here allows a certain angular deviation from the theoretical vertical direction. Based on this definition of orientation, “up”, “down”, “top” and “bottom” are used, all of which are relative to the height direction.
  • the present disclosure provides a vehicle.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body and a battery pack, and the battery pack is disposed in the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle is a new energy vehicle, which can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle.
  • a drive motor is provided in the main body of the vehicle, and the drive motor is electrically connected to the battery pack.
  • the battery pack provides electrical energy to drive the motor.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected with the wheels on the vehicle body to drive the vehicle to travel.
  • the battery pack can be installed horizontally on the bottom of the vehicle body, and can be mounted on top and/or bottom supported.
  • FIGS 1 to 5 are schematic structural diagrams of an embodiment of the disclosed battery pack.
  • the battery pack 100 includes a box body assembly 1, a battery cell 2, a restraining component 3 and an outer cover 4.
  • the box assembly 1 includes a box body 11 and a fixed beam 12.
  • the box body 11 has an open end, and the fixed beam 12 is fixed in the box body 11.
  • the fixed beam 12 can be fixed on the inner bottom surface or the side wall of the box body 11. on.
  • the battery cell 2 is arranged in the box 11, the constraining component 3 covers the battery cell 2, and can contact or reserve a preset gap with the topmost battery cell 2, and the constraining component 3 is fixed to the fixed beam 12 and is configured To limit the battery cell 2 from swelling.
  • the outer cover 4 is arranged on the side of the restraining member 3 away from the box body 11 and is fastened to the open end of the box body 11 along the height direction of the battery pack to close the open end of the box body 11.
  • the sealing here refers to the sealing connection between the outer cover 4 and the box body 11, which can prevent external liquid and water vapor from entering the battery pack and improve the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with the restraining member 3 and fixed with the fixing beam 12, when the battery cell 2 expands, it can provide a stable and effective pressing force to the battery cell 2 and reduce the degree of expansion and deformation of the battery cell 2; Moreover, since the restraining member 3 is provided, the deformation of the outer cover 4 can be reduced, and the sealing performance of the battery pack can be improved. In addition, the battery pack can reduce the deformation of the outer cover 4 by providing the restraining component 3. When the battery pack is used in a vehicle, it can be smoothly disassembled and assembled at the original installation position after long-term use, which can reduce the difficulty of battery pack maintenance and prevent The deformation of the battery pack exerts an external force on the mounting structure on the vehicle.
  • the fixed beam 12 divides the box 11 into a plurality of accommodating cavities 13
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells 2, and each battery cell 2 is divided into multiple groups in a plane perpendicular to the height direction
  • Each battery cell 2 has at least two battery cells 2 and they are respectively arranged in different accommodating cavities 13.
  • the size of each accommodating cavity 13 is adapted to the overall external size of the corresponding battery cell 2.
  • the battery cells 2 are arranged in groups and fixed by the restraining members 3 and the fixing beams 12 for grouping the battery cells 2, which is equivalent to adding a fixing point between the restraining members 3 and the box body 11.
  • the span between each fixed point is reduced, and the deformation resistance of the constraining component 3 can be improved.
  • this embodiment applies fixed restraint to the outer periphery of each group of battery cells 2 individually.
  • the restraining part 3 When the battery cells expand, the restraining part 3 is not easy to The deformation can further provide a stable pressing force to the battery cell 2 and prevent the size of the battery pack from increasing in the height direction, and it is not easy to squeeze the outer cover 4 due to the deformation of the restraining member 3, which can increase the service life of the battery pack.
  • the battery cells 2 are arranged in groups, and when some of the battery cells 2 work to generate a large amount of heat and thermal runaway occurs, it can delay the diffusion of heat to the battery cells 2 of other groups, and improve the safety of the battery pack. Some battery cells 2 cannot be used normally, and the battery pack can also be used at reduced power.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of fixed beams 12, and fixed beams 12 are provided on both sides of each group of battery cells 2 along the grouping direction.
  • the fixing beams 12 are not only arranged in the channel formed by the adjacent battery cells 2, but also on the side of the outermost battery cell 2 close to the inner wall of the box 11.
  • the fixed beam 12 can be designed as a continuous structure in its extending direction, or can be designed as a segmented structure.
  • This structure can fix each group of battery cells 2 on both sides along the grouping direction to exert a more stable restraining force on the battery cells 2, thereby improving the restraining effect of the group of battery cells 2 and further restricting The battery cell swells, increasing the service life of the battery pack.
  • each battery cell 2 is stacked in one or more layers in the height direction, for example, two layers are provided in FIG. 1.
  • Each battery cell 2 is divided into multiple rows, and each row of battery cells 2 needs to be connected in parallel or in series through a bus bar, so there is a gap between two adjacent rows of battery cells 2.
  • the distance between adjacent fixed beams 12 is configured to accommodate at most two rows of battery cells 2.
  • the span between adjacent fixed beams 12 can be reduced as much as possible, so that the constraining component 3 and the fixed beam 12 have more fixed points, which can improve the deformation resistance of the constraining component 3 and improve the restraint of each battery cell 2 Reliability.
  • the box body 11 is provided with three fixed beams 12 extending in the width direction of the battery pack, which can be fixed on the inner bottom surface of the box body 11, and the middle fixed beam 12 is located between the two groups of battery cells 2.
  • the fixed beams 12 on both sides are arranged close to the inner side wall of the box body 11, dividing the space in the box body 11 into two accommodating cavities 13, one of the accommodating cavities 13 (on the left in Figure 1) is for placing the first group of batteries
  • the cell 20A, the first battery cell 20A includes a row of battery cells 2; the other accommodating cavity 13 (on the right in FIG. 1) is for the second battery cell 20B, and the second battery cell 20B includes Two rows of battery cells 2 arranged side by side and spaced in the longitudinal direction.
  • each column of battery cells 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 2 arranged side by side in the width direction, the side surfaces of two adjacent battery cells 2 are in contact, and each battery cell 2 is stacked in two layers in the height direction.
  • each fixing beam 12 is perpendicular to the grouping direction of each battery cell 2 to make the internal structure of the battery pack more compact.
  • a plurality of battery cells 2 are grouped along the length direction of the battery pack, and the fixed beam 12 extends along the width direction of the battery pack. This arrangement helps to divide each battery cell 2 into more groups.
  • the restraint stiffness of the restraint member 3 to each battery cell 2 in the length and width directions is balanced, Improve constraint reliability.
  • a plurality of battery cells 2 are grouped along the width direction of the battery pack, and the fixed beam 12 extends along the length direction of the battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 2 can also be grouped along the length direction and the width direction of the battery pack at the same time, and each fixed beam 12 forms a grid structure.
  • a solid fixed beam or a hollow fixed beam can be used, and its cross section can be rectangular, trapezoidal or C-shaped, etc., and its upper surface can be set to a plane in order to fix the constraining component on the upper surface of the fixed beam 12.
  • the constraining component 3 can also be fixed to the side of the fixed beam 12.
  • each battery cell 2 includes: a casing 21 and an electrode assembly 22 arranged in the casing 21.
  • the casing 21 may have a hexahedral shape or other shapes and has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is housed in the case 21.
  • the opening of the housing 21 is covered with a cover plate assembly 24.
  • the cover plate assembly 24 includes a cover plate 241 and two electrode terminals arranged on the cover plate.
  • the two electrode terminals are a first electrode terminal 242 and a second electrode terminal 243 respectively.
  • the first electrode terminal 242 may be a positive electrode terminal
  • the second electrode terminal 243 is a negative electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal 242 may also be a negative electrode terminal
  • the second electrode terminal 243 is a positive electrode terminal.
  • An adapter sheet 23 is provided between the cover plate assembly 24 and the electrode assembly 22, and the tabs of the electrode assembly 22 are electrically connected to the electrode terminals on the cover plate 241 through the adapter plate 23.
  • two electrode assemblies 22 are provided in the housing 21, and the two electrode assemblies 22 are stacked along the height direction (z direction) of the battery cell 2, wherein the height direction of the battery cell 2 is the same as that of the battery pack.
  • the height direction is the same.
  • one electrode assembly 22 may also be provided in the housing 21, or more than three electrode assemblies 22 may be provided in the housing 21.
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 are stacked in the height direction (z direction) of the battery cell 2.
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a first pole piece 221, a second pole piece 222 and a diaphragm 223 disposed between the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222.
  • the first pole piece 221 may be a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 222 is a negative pole piece.
  • the first pole piece 221 may also be a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 222 is a positive pole piece.
  • the diaphragm 223 is an insulator between the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222.
  • the active material of the positive electrode sheet can be coated on the coating area of the positive electrode sheet, and the active material of the negative electrode sheet can be coated on the coating area of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the part extending from the coating area of the positive electrode sheet is used as the positive electrode tab; the part extending from the coating area of the negative electrode sheet is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the positive electrode tab is connected to the positive electrode terminal on the cover plate assembly 24 through a positive adapter piece.
  • the negative electrode tab is connected to the negative electrode terminal on the cover plate assembly 24 through a negative electrode adapter piece.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a wound structure.
  • the first pole piece 221, the diaphragm 223 and the second pole piece 222 are all belt-shaped structures.
  • the first pole piece 221, the diaphragm 223 and the second pole piece 222 are sequentially stacked and wound two times to form the electrode assembly 22.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a flat shape.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be directly wound into a flat shape, or may be wound into a hollow cylindrical structure first, and then flattened into a flat shape after the winding.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the outline of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly 22 includes two flat surfaces 224, and the two flat surfaces 224 are oppositely arranged along the height direction (z direction) of the battery cell 2.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a substantially hexahedral structure, and the flat surface 224 is substantially parallel to the winding axis and is the outer surface with the largest area.
  • the flat surface 224 may be a relatively flat surface, and is not required to be a pure plane.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a laminated structure, that is, the electrode assembly 22 includes a plurality of first pole pieces 221 and a plurality of second pole pieces 222, and the diaphragm 223 is disposed on the first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222. Between slices 222. The first pole piece 221 and the second pole piece 222 are stacked along the height direction (z direction) of the battery cell 2.
  • the electrode assembly 22 will inevitably expand in the thickness direction of the pole pieces during the charging and discharging process.
  • the expansion amount of each pole piece is superimposed, and the accumulated expansion amount in the height direction is greater than other directions.
  • the fixed point with the box body 11 can restrict the direction of the maximum expansion of the battery cell 2 to prevent the battery pack from deforming and improve the service life of the battery pack.
  • the preset gap L between the inner surface of the outer cover 4 and the outer surface of the restraining member 3.
  • the battery pack may include a plurality of restraining parts 3, and each restraining part 3 covers different groups of battery cells 2 respectively.
  • a plurality of restraining components 3 are used to restrain different groups of battery cells 2 respectively, and a fixed restraint can be applied to each group of battery cells 2 independently, which reduces the coverage of restraining components 3, and can improve its own rigidity and prevent deformation.
  • a fixed restraint can be applied to each group of battery cells 2 independently, which reduces the coverage of restraining components 3, and can improve its own rigidity and prevent deformation.
  • Each restraining component 3 includes: a limiting portion 31 and two mounting portions 32.
  • the limiting portion 31 covers the battery cells 2 of the corresponding group; the two mounting portions 32 are connected to the two sides of the limiting portion 31 along the grouping direction of the battery cells 2 and are grouped with the corresponding battery cells 2 respectively.
  • the fixed beams 12 on both sides of the direction are fixed.
  • the restraining member 3 can be formed by bending a flat plate.
  • the limiting portion 31 covers all the top surfaces of the battery cells 2 of the corresponding group, which can increase the binding force on the battery cells 2 and improve the ability of the restraining member 3 to resist deformation.
  • the battery cells 2 of each group can be restrained respectively.
  • the restraints of the battery cells 2 of each group are completely independent, and the disassembly and assembly of the restraining components 3 do not affect each other.
  • the height of each battery cell 2 is different, it will not affect the installation of the restraint part 3.
  • the battery cell 2 of an individual group has a large expansion, it will only cause the corresponding restraint part 3 to be deformed. The stress is transferred to the other restraining parts 3.
  • a battery cell 2 of an individual group fails and needs to be opened for maintenance and replacement, only the corresponding restraining component 3 needs to be opened, and other restraining components 3 need not be disassembled.
  • the entire restricting portion 31 protrudes in a direction away from the battery cell 2 relative to the mounting portion 32.
  • This structure can not only reduce the installation height of the fixed beam 12 and ensure the strength of the fixed beam 12, but also can prevent the fastener 5 from protruding from the limit part 31 when the mounting portion 32 and the fixed beam 12 are fixed by the fastener 5
  • the top surface can reduce the height of the battery pack.
  • a fixed beam 12 is provided between two adjacent groups of battery cells 2, and the two adjacent mounting portions 32 fixed to the fixed beam 12 each include a plurality of mounting blocks 320.
  • the mounting blocks 320 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the fixed beam 12, and a plurality of mounting blocks 320 corresponding to two adjacent mounting portions 32 are alternately arranged.
  • the mounting block 320 may have a rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular structure. This structure enables the constraining members 3 corresponding to two adjacent groups of battery cells 2 to share a fixed beam 12 for fixing, which can save space and increase the energy density of the battery pack.
  • two fixed beams 12 may also be arranged between adjacent battery cells 2, and each restraining member 3 is fixed on a fixed beam 12 respectively.
  • a first flange 111 is provided around the open end of the box body 11
  • a second flange 41 is provided around the outer cover 4, and a first flange 111 It can be fixed to the second flange 41 by bonding or fastening.
  • a plurality of second mounting holes 321B are provided on the mounting portion 32 at intervals along the extension direction of the fixed beam 12, and the top of the fixed beam 12 is provided with a plurality of beam installations at intervals along its extension direction.
  • the fastener 5 is inserted through the second mounting hole 321B and the beam mounting hole 121 to fix the restraining component 3 and the fixed beam 12.
  • the battery pack of the present disclosure may further include: a bead 6 arranged between the mounting portion 32 and the fixing beam 12.
  • the bead 6 may adopt a long sheet structure, and the bead 6 is provided with holes to ensure tightness.
  • Firmware 5 goes through.
  • a suitable thickness of the bead 6 can be selected to adjust the assembly gap.
  • the constraining component 3 and the fixed beam 12 are fixed by the fastener 5
  • the constraining component 3 and the battery cell 2 can maintain a proper assembly gap. It prevents the restraint component 3 from generating a relatively large pressing force on the battery cell 2 and improves the service life of the battery pack.
  • the bead 6 can also be arranged between the fastener 5 and the top surface of the mounting portion 32.
  • the fastener 5 is a screw
  • the bead 6 is provided between the screw head and the top surface of the mounting portion 32, so that Increase the reliability of the fixing of the fastener 5.
  • the battery pack of the present disclosure may further include a sealing member 7 arranged on the outer cover 4 and the box Between the bodies 11, the sealing element 7 may adopt a long sheet structure or a rectangular ring structure.
  • the seal 7 is provided with holes to ensure that the fastener passes through.
  • the seal can be made of materials such as silicone rubber. When the battery pack is used in a vehicle, the seal can also absorb vibrations transmitted to the battery pack during the operation of the vehicle.
  • the battery pack may include at least one of a first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer, and a third adhesive layer: the bottommost battery cell 2 is provided with a first adhesive layer between the inner bottom surface of the box body 11; a second adhesive layer is provided between the adjacent two battery cells 2 in each group of battery cells 2; A third adhesive layer is provided between the battery cells 2.
  • the battery cells 2 at the bottom and the top are the same layer of battery cells 2.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic structural diagrams of another embodiment of the battery pack of the present disclosure.
  • the difference between the battery pack 200 and the battery pack 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is that the restraining member 3 can adopt a split structure and cover the battery Part of the surface of monomer 2.
  • the constraining component 3 can be divided into at least one part of the length direction and the width direction.
  • the constraining component 3 adopts a split structure and covers at least part of the surface of the corresponding battery cell 2.
  • the restraint member 3 for covering the first battery cell 20A includes a first restraint member 3A and a second restraint member 3B.
  • the position-limiting portion 31 of the first restraint member 3A and the second restraint member 3B can be They are arranged at intervals along the length and only cover part of the surface of the battery cell 2.
  • the mounting portion 32 of the first restriction member 3A continuously extends in the width direction, and the mounting portion 32 of the second restriction member 3B includes a plurality of mounting blocks 320 arranged at intervals in the width direction.
  • the restraint member 3 for covering the second battery cell 20B adopts an integral structure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of fixing the first constraining component 3A and the second constraining component 3B to the fixed beam 12 by the fastener 5.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that, affected by the dimensional tolerance of each battery cell 2 and the accuracy of the stacking arrangement, the top of each battery cell 2 in the same group may also have a height difference, and the split restraint member 3 is used to reduce the limit position.
  • the processing requirements of the height dimension of the side plate of the part 31 are also easy to assemble; moreover, the split constraining component 3 can save material; in addition, by partially covering the surface of the battery cell 2, it is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the battery cell 2.
  • the box assembly 1 may also include a temperature control component.
  • the temperature control component is provided in the bottom area of the box 11, and the temperature control component is used to control the battery cell 2 Temperature adjustment is performed at the bottom. For example, in order to take away the heat generated during the operation of the battery cell 2, the battery cell 2 can be cooled; or the battery cell can be heated when the battery pack is used in a low temperature area.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure cover the sides and top of each group of battery cells 2 by arranging a thermally conductive fixing beam 12 and a restraining member 3.
  • the temperature control member is adjusted at the bottom of the box 11 while temperature can be transferred in sequence
  • the conduction path of the temperature control component regulating the temperature of the battery cell 2 is changed, the temperature distribution in the height direction in the accommodating cavity can be balanced, and the temperature difference of the battery cell 2 in the upper and lower regions is reduced, so that The temperature uniformity of each battery cell 2 is improved, so that the consistency of the depth of discharge is improved.
  • the battery pack 300 includes: a box assembly 1, a plurality of battery modules 20 and a plurality of restraining components 3.
  • the box body assembly 1 includes a box body 11 and a plurality of fixed beams 12, the box body 11 has an open end, each fixed beam 12 is fixed to the box body 11, and the box body 11 is divided into multiple
  • the fixing beam 12 can be fixed on the inner bottom surface or the side wall of the box body 11.
  • a solid structure or a hollow structure may be adopted, for example, a weight reduction groove 122 is provided in the fixed beam 12.
  • the cross section of the fixed beam 12 can be rectangular, trapezoidal or C-shaped, and the upper surface of the fixed beam 12 can be set as a plane to fix the constraining component on the upper surface of the fixed beam 12.
  • the constraining component 3 can also be fixed to the fixed beam 12. The side.
  • Each battery module 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 2. For example, one layer or multiple layers of battery cells 2 may be arranged in a height direction in the battery module 20. Optionally, at least two battery cells 2 may be arranged in the battery module 20 along the length and/or width direction. Each battery module 20 is correspondingly disposed in each accommodating cavity 13, and each accommodating cavity 13 is provided with a battery module 20. In some embodiments, the size of the accommodating cavity 13 is adapted to the overall external size of the corresponding battery module 20.
  • each restraining component 3 includes a limiting portion 31, a first mounting portion 32A, and a second mounting portion 32B.
  • Each limiting portion 31 covers each battery module 20 correspondingly, and is similar to the topmost
  • the battery cells 2 can be in contact with each other or leave a gap.
  • the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B are respectively connected to the two sides of the limiting portion 31 along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12, and are respectively fixed to the fixed beams 12 on both sides of the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the restraining member 3 covers the battery cell 2.
  • the first installation portion 32A of one restraint member 3 and the second installation portion 32B of the other restraint member 3 are fixed to the same fixed beam 12 and placed in the battery pack.
  • the height direction of the superimposed settings are shown in FIG. 12, for two adjacent restraint members 3, the first installation portion 32A of one restraint member 3 and the second installation portion 32B of the other restraint member 3 are fixed to the same fixed beam 12 and placed in the battery pack. The height direction of the superimposed settings.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with the restraining member 3 and fixed with the fixing beam 12, when the battery module 20 expands, it can provide a stable and effective pressing force to each battery module 20, and reduce the expansion and deformation of the battery module 20 .
  • the number of fixed beams 12 can be reduced, the structure of the box assembly 1 can be simplified, and the width occupied by the fixed beams 12 in the horizontal plane can be reduced.
  • the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B fixed on the same fixed beam 12 are superimposed in the height direction, which can further reduce the width occupied by the fixed beam 12 in the horizontal plane, and only a single battery module needs to be locked.
  • the number of fasteners required by the group 20 can satisfy the locking of the adjacent battery modules 20, which can improve the energy density and space utilization of the battery pack, and improve the assembly efficiency of the restraint member 3 and the fixed beam 12.
  • the two adjacent battery modules 20 are separated by the fixed beam 12, when some battery modules 20 work to generate a large amount of heat and thermal runaway occurs, the heat diffusion to other battery modules 20 can be delayed, and the battery can be improved. Security of package work.
  • the extension widths of the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B protruding from the limiting portion 31 are the same, so that the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B are substantially completely overlapped, which can further reduce fixing The width occupied by the beam 12 in the horizontal plane, thereby improving the energy density and space utilization of the battery pack.
  • each restraining member 3 protrudes in a direction away from the battery module 20 as a whole relative to the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B.
  • each restraining component 3 in the battery pack is the same, and the same assembly direction is adopted, which can reduce the types of parts and reduce the assembly difficulty.
  • the thickness of the first mounting portion 32A is t, which satisfies L1-L2 ⁇ t.
  • each fixed beam 12 is provided at intervals along the length direction (x direction) in the box body 11, and a containing cavity 13 is formed between two adjacent fixed beams 12, and each containing cavity 13
  • a battery module 20 is provided inside, and a total of six battery modules 20 are provided in the box 11.
  • Each battery module 20 is provided with two layers of battery cells 2 along the height direction, and each layer of battery cells 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 2 arranged in the width direction (y-direction).
  • the seat portion 31 covers the topmost battery cell 2 in the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the fixed beam 12 may also be arranged along the width direction of the box 11.
  • the three adjacent constraining components 3 are respectively the first constraining component 3A, the second constraining component 3B and the third constraining component 3C.
  • the first constraining component 3A, the second constraining component 3B and the third constraining component 3C are along a plurality of fixed beams.
  • the 12 arrangement directions are set in sequence. Among them, as shown in FIG. 16, the first mounting portion 32A of the first restricting member 3A is located below the second mounting portion 32B of the second restricting member 3B, and the first mounting portion 32A of the second restricting member 3B is located at the third restricting member Below the second mounting part 32B of 3C.
  • the battery pack of the present disclosure may further include a plurality of fasteners 5, and the first mounting portion 32A is fixed along the
  • the beam 12 is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes 321A at intervals in the longitudinal direction;
  • the second mounting part 32B superimposed on the first mounting part 32A in the height direction is provided with a plurality of second mounting holes at intervals along the length direction of the fixed beam 12 321B;
  • a plurality of beam mounting holes 121 are provided on the fixed beam 12 at intervals along its length.
  • Each fastener 5 passes through the second mounting hole 321B, the first mounting hole 321A and the beam mounting hole 121 in the corresponding position in order to be fixed to the corresponding fixed beam 12.
  • the fastener 5 can be a screw or a bolt
  • the first mounting hole 321A and the second mounting hole 321B are smooth holes
  • the beam mounting hole 121 is a threaded hole.
  • the diameter of the second mounting hole 321B on the second mounting portion 32B is smaller than the diameter of the first mounting hole 321A on the first mounting portion 32A.
  • the first mounting hole 321A with a larger diameter is provided on the first mounting portion 32A, which can reduce the influence of the component processing tolerances of the constraining component 3 and the fixed beam 12 during assembly, and facilitate the installation of the fastener 5.
  • the second mounting hole 321B with a smaller diameter is opened on the second mounting portion 32B, which can increase the contact area of the fastener 5 such as bolts and the second mounting hole 321B of the second mounting portion 32B, thereby increasing the fastener 5 and the second mounting portion 32B, thereby improving the firmness of the two adjacent restraining members 3 and the fixed beam 12 fixed.
  • the beam mounting hole 121 can be set as a light hole, and the pressure is embedded in the beam mounting hole 121
  • the rivet nut is a circular arc structure with a boss at one end, and the boss is in contact with the top of the fixed beam 12.
  • the opening diameter of the first mounting hole 321A can be made larger than the outer diameter of the boss of the rivet nut, so as to avoid the boss and increase the first mounting portion 32A
  • the contact area with the fixed beam 12 is uniform in force to avoid local stress concentration.
  • the restricting portion 31 is provided with reinforcing ribs 33, which can increase the structural strength of the restricting member 3, so as to provide a more stable and effective pressing force for each battery module 20, and reduce the occurrence of the battery module 20.
  • the reinforcing rib 33 includes a plurality of ribs arranged at intervals.
  • the ribs can be formed by stamping, which is convenient for processing and does not increase the weight of the restraining component 3.
  • Each rib protrudes in a direction away from the battery module 20. This structure can maintain a larger contact area between the restraining member 3 and the battery module 20, and can provide a larger pressing force for the battery module 20 .
  • the ribs and the fixing beams 12 extend in the same direction, which can form a balanced pressing force on the battery cells 2 on the top layer of the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the extending direction of the ribs can also be perpendicular to the extending direction of the fixed beam 12, or the ribs can also be arranged obliquely.
  • each rib protrudes toward the direction close to the battery module 20.
  • This structure can be used to align the battery module 20 with the rib 33 Provide pressing force.
  • the ribs shown in Figure 18 and Figure 20 can also be combined
  • the reinforcing rib 33 may also be a convex part and/or a concave part provided on at least one side surface of the limiting part 31, and the convex part and/or the concave part may be formed by machining.
  • the rib 33 may also be a boss or a convex point formed by stamping on the limiting portion 31.
  • the constraining component 3 has a split structure and covers at least part of the surface of the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the constraining component 3 may be separately arranged along the length direction and/or the width direction.
  • the difference between FIG. 22 and FIG. 15 is that the restriction member 3 covering the single battery module 20 is divided into a first split restriction portion 3F and a second split restriction portion 3G, wherein the first split restriction portion 3F and the second split restriction portion 3F
  • the restricting portions 31 of the split restricting portion 3G can be arranged at intervals along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12 to cover only part of the surface of the battery module 20.
  • the first split constraining portion 3F and the second split constraining portion 3G extend continuously in the width direction.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that, affected by the dimensional tolerance of each battery cell 2 in the battery module 20 and the accuracy of the stacking arrangement, the top of each battery cell 2 in the same battery module 20 may also have a height difference, and a split type is adopted.
  • the constraining component 3 reduces the processing requirements for the height dimension of the constraining portion 31 and is easy to assemble; moreover, the split constraining component 3 can save materials; in addition, by partially covering the surface of the battery module 20, it is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the battery module 20 .
  • the battery pack of the present disclosure may further include an outer cover 4, which is provided on the side of the restraining member 3 away from the battery module 20 and closes the open end of the box body 11.
  • the sealing here refers to the sealing connection between the outer cover 4 and the box body 11, which can prevent external liquid and water vapor from entering the battery pack and improve the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • a first flange 111 is provided around the open end of the box body 11
  • a second flange 41 is provided around the outer cover 4, and a first flange 111 It can be fixed to the second flange 41 by bonding or fastening.
  • the battery pack of the foregoing embodiment covers different battery modules 20 through a plurality of restraining members 3, and is fixed to the corresponding fixed beam 12, which is equivalent to adding a fixed point between the restraining member 3 and the box 11, thereby reducing The span between the fixed points is reduced, which can improve the deformation resistance of the constraining component 3.
  • the restraining member 3 is not easily deformed, which can further provide a stable pressing force to the battery module 20, prevent the size of the battery pack from increasing in the height direction, and is not easy to be squeezed due to the deformation of the restraining member 3
  • the outer cover 4 can increase the service life of the battery pack.
  • the preset gap L between the inner surface of the outer cover 4 and the outer surface of the restricting member 3.
  • the battery pack includes at least one of a first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer, and a third adhesive layer: the bottom surface of each battery module 20 A first adhesive layer is provided between the inner bottom surface of the box body 11; a second adhesive layer is provided between two adjacent battery cells 2 in the battery module 20; the top of each battery module 20 is A third adhesive layer is provided between the constraining members 3.
  • the battery pack of the present disclosure may further include: a bead 6, the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B are located between the bead 6 and the fixed beam 12, the bead 6 may adopt a long sheet structure, and the bead 6 is provided with holes to ensure that the fastener 5 passes through.
  • the battery pack of the present disclosure may further include a sealing member 7 arranged on the outer cover 4 and the box Between the bodies 11, the sealing element 7 may adopt a long sheet structure or a rectangular ring structure.
  • the seal 7 is provided with holes to ensure that the fastener passes through.
  • the seal can be made of materials such as silicone rubber. When the battery pack is used in a vehicle, the seal can also absorb vibrations transmitted to the battery pack during the operation of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the battery pack of the present disclosure.
  • the limiting portion 31 as a whole protrudes away from the battery module 20 with respect to the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B .
  • the two adjacent constraining components 3 are the fourth constraining component 3D and the fifth constraining component 3E, respectively.
  • the fourth restricting member 3D there is a first distance L1 between the bottom surface of the first mounting portion 32A and the top surface of the limiting portion 31, and there is a first distance between the bottom surface of the second mounting portion 32B and the top surface of the limiting portion 31.
  • One distance L1 In the fourth restricting member 3D, there is a second distance L2 between the bottom surface of the first mounting portion 32A and the top surface of the limiting portion 31, and there is a second distance L2 between the bottom surface of the second mounting portion 32B and the top surface of the limiting portion 31. Two distance L2.
  • the fourth constraining component 3D and the fifth constraining component 3E are alternately arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12, and the first distance L1 is greater than the second distance L2.
  • the four adjacent constraining members 3 are respectively provided with a fourth constraining component 3D, a fifth constraining component 3E, a fourth constraining component 3D and a fifth constraining component 3E in sequence along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12.
  • the first mounting portion 32A of the first fifth restricting member 3E is located above the second mounting portion 32B of the fourth restricting member 3D on the left;
  • the first fifth restricting member 3E is The second mounting portion 32B is located above the first mounting portion 32A of the fourth restriction member 3D on the right;
  • the first mounting portion 32A of the next fifth restriction member 3E is located above the second mounting portion 32B of the fourth restriction member 3D on the right , And so on.
  • first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B of each fifth restricting member 3E are superimposed on the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B of the fourth restricting member 3D adjacent to both sides.
  • the embodiment is provided with two sizes of constraining parts 3, during assembly, neither the fourth constraining part 3D nor the fifth constraining part 3E has a direction requirement, which can reduce assembly difficulty and improve assembly efficiency.
  • the battery module 20 covered by the fifth restraining component 3E fails, the battery module 20 can be replaced or repaired only by removing the corresponding fifth restraining component 3E; the fourth restraining component 3D covers
  • the fifth restraint member 3E adjacent to both sides of the fourth restraint member 3D is removed, and the battery module 20 can be replaced or repaired. Therefore, the battery module in the battery pack can be improved. 20 Convenience and efficiency of maintenance.
  • FIG. 24 shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the battery pack 500 includes: a box assembly 1, a plurality of battery modules 20, a plurality of restraining members 3, and a plurality of first fasteners 5A And a plurality of second fasteners 5B.
  • the box body assembly 1 includes a box body 11 and a plurality of fixed beams 12, the box body 11 has an open end, each fixed beam 12 is fixed to the box body 11, and the box body 11 is divided into multiple
  • the fixing beam 12 can be fixed on the inner bottom surface or the side wall of the box body 11.
  • the fixed beam 12 may adopt a hollow structure.
  • the fixed beam 12 is formed by bending a sheet metal structure; or, as shown in FIG. 34, the fixed beam 12 A weight reduction groove 122 is provided inside.
  • the section of the fixed beam 12 can be rectangular, trapezoidal or C-shaped, and the upper surface of the fixed beam 12 can be set to be flat to fix the constraining component 3 on the upper surface of the fixed beam 12.
  • the constraining component 3 can also be fixed to the fixed beam. 12 on the side.
  • the battery pack may further include an outer cover 4 which is provided on the side of the restraining member 3 away from the battery module 20 and closes the open end of the box body 11.
  • the sealing here refers to the sealing connection between the outer cover 4 and the box body 11, which can prevent external liquid and water vapor from entering the battery pack and improve the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • each battery module 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 2.
  • the battery module 20 may be provided with one layer along the height direction or multiple layers of battery cells 2 may be stacked.
  • at least two battery cells 2 may be arranged in the battery module 20 along the length and/or width direction.
  • Each battery module 20 is correspondingly disposed in each accommodating cavity 13, and each accommodating cavity 13 is provided with a battery module 20.
  • the size of the accommodating cavity 13 is adapted to the overall external size of the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the battery pack includes at least one of a first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer, and a third adhesive layer: each battery module 20 An adhesive layer is provided between the bottom surface and the inner bottom surface of the box body 11; an adhesive layer is provided between two adjacent battery cells 2 in the battery module 20; the top of each battery module 20 is between the restraining member 3 There is an adhesive layer between.
  • each restraining component 3 includes a limiting portion 31, a first mounting portion 32A, and a second mounting portion 32B.
  • Each limiting portion 31 covers each battery module 20 correspondingly, and The battery cells 2 on the top layer may be in contact or have gaps between them.
  • the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B are respectively connected to the two sides of the limiting portion 31 along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12, and are respectively fixed to the fixed beams 12 on both sides of the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the restraining member 3 covers the battery cell 2.
  • the first installation portion 32A is provided with a plurality of first installation holes 321A at intervals along the length direction of the fixed beam 12, and the second installation portion 32B is provided with a plurality of second installation holes 321B at intervals along the length direction of the fixed beam 12.
  • Each first fastener 5A passes through the corresponding first mounting hole 321A and is fixed to the fixing beam 12 corresponding to the first mounting portion 32A
  • each second fastener 5B passes through the corresponding second mounting hole 321B and It is fixed to the fixed beam 12 corresponding to the second mounting portion 32B.
  • the adjustment amounts of the first mounting hole 321A and the second mounting hole 321B in the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12 are different, so as to accommodate the matching error caused by processing and assembly.
  • the first fastener 5A and the second fastener 5B may be screws, bolts, rivets, or the like.
  • the battery pack of the embodiment of the present disclosure is fixed by setting the restraining member 3 and the fixing beam 12, when the battery module 20 expands, it can provide a stable and effective pressing force to each battery module 20 and reduce the expansion of the battery module 20 The degree of deformation.
  • the first mounting hole 321A and the second mounting hole 321B on both sides of the restraining member 3 are set to different adjustment amounts.
  • the problem of the restraining member 3 and the fixed beam 12 can be solved.
  • the fitting error between the two leads to the problem of difficult assembly, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the battery pack, and reducing the requirements on the machining accuracy of the parts to reduce the production cost.
  • it can also release the connection stress between the fastener and the mounting hole. Prevent the battery pack from deforming due to assembly stress.
  • the two adjacent battery modules 20 are separated by the fixed beam 12, when some battery modules 20 work to generate a large amount of heat and thermal runaway occurs, the heat diffusion to other battery modules 20 can be delayed, and the battery can be improved. Security of package work.
  • the first mounting hole 321A is a round hole
  • the second mounting hole 321B is provided with an opening 323 on the side wall away from the limiting portion 31, and the opening 323 is installed in the second mounting hole.
  • the portion 32B penetrates in the thickness direction, and the size of the opening 323 in the length direction of the fixed beam 12 is not less than the diameter of the first connecting section 51B of the second fastener 5B, so that the second fastener 5B has a fitting error.
  • the first connecting section 51B can move along the arrangement direction (y-direction) of the plurality of fixed beams 12 in the opening 323, thereby releasing the assembly stress.
  • the second mounting hole 321B includes a semicircular hole and a linear extension section respectively tangent to two opening ends of the semicircle hole, and the two linear extension sections form an opening 323.
  • This structure can maximize the adjustment amount of the restraining member 3 during assembly when the width of the second mounting portion 32B along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12 is constant, and can tolerate greater matching errors;
  • the mounting hole 321B is easier to process.
  • the distance between the side wall of the second mounting hole 321B closest to the limiting portion 31 and the side surface of the second mounting portion 32B away from the limiting portion 31 is L3.
  • the distance L3 is greater than the diameter of the first connecting section 51B of the second fastener 5B.
  • the diameter of the first mounting hole 321A and the diameter of the arc section of the second mounting hole 321B are the same. Therefore, the first fastener 5A and the second fastener 5B can adopt the same diameter size, which can increase The assembly is efficient, and the force on both sides of the restraint member 3 and the fixed beam 12 are even when fixed.
  • the diameter of the first mounting hole 321A and the arc section of the second mounting hole 321B can also adopt different diameters.
  • the first mounting holes 321A have the same spacing along the extension direction of the fixed beam 12
  • the second mounting holes 321B have the same spacing along the extension direction of the fixed beam 12, so that the constraining member 3 and the fixed beam 12 When fixing, the force is uniform everywhere, so that the restraining part 3 can be reliably fixed.
  • the distance between the first mounting holes 321A along the extending direction of the fixed beam 12 may also be different, and the distance between the second mounting holes 321B along the extending direction of the fixed beam 12 may also be different.
  • a plurality of beam mounting holes 121 are provided on the fixed beam 12 at intervals along its own length direction, and the beam mounting holes 121 are threaded holes.
  • Each first fastener 5A passes through the first mounting hole 321A and the beam mounting hole 121 respectively and is fixed to the fixed beam 12 corresponding to the first mounting portion 32A, or each second fastener 5B passes through the second mounting hole in sequence.
  • the hole 321B and the beam installation hole 121 are fixed to the corresponding fixed beam 12.
  • Such a beam mounting hole 121 is easy to process, and because the threaded hole is directly provided on the fixed beam 12, the connection strength between the restraining component 3 and the fixed beam 12 can be improved, so as to provide more effective restraint on the battery module 20.
  • the fixed beam 12 is formed by bending a sheet metal structure, or as shown in FIG. 34, a weight reduction groove 122 is provided on the fixed beam 12, so that the top of the fixed beam 12 is thin.
  • the wall structure makes it difficult to open threaded holes directly.
  • the battery pack also includes a plurality of blind rivet nuts 5C, as shown in FIGS. 31 and 32.
  • the blind rivet nut 5C includes a second connecting section 51C and a second limiting section 52C.
  • the second connecting section 51C of each blind rivet nut 5C corresponds to each other.
  • Each beam mounting hole 121 is embedded and connected with the beam mounting hole 121, the bottom of the second limiting section 52C is in contact with the top of the fixed beam 12, and the outer periphery of the second limiting section 52C may be circular or hexagonal.
  • Each first fastener 5A passes through the first mounting hole 321A and the inner hole of the blind rivet nut 5C respectively and is fixed to the corresponding fixed beam 12, or each second fastener 5B passes through the second mounting hole 321B and The inner hole of the blind rivet nut 5C is fixed to the corresponding fixing beam 12.
  • the length of the threaded hole can be increased by arranging the rivet nut 5C on the fixed beam 12, which can reduce the weight of the box assembly 1 and securely fix the bundle member 3 On the fixed beam 12.
  • the diameter of the first mounting hole 321A and the diameter of the circular arc section of the second mounting hole 321B are both larger than the outer dimension of the second limiting section 52C. Therefore, when the restraint member 3 is mounted on the fixed beam 12, the first mounting hole 321A and the second mounting hole 321B can avoid the second limit section 52C, so that the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B All are in full contact with the top surface of the fixed beam 12, and the force is more uniform.
  • the first mounting hole 321A is a round hole
  • the second mounting hole 321B is an elongated round hole extending along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12. Affected by the matching size of the parts, the first connecting section 51B of the second fastener 5B can be located at any position of the oblong hole along the extending direction.
  • This structure can ensure the adjustment of the constraining component 3 when assembling to allow the processing and assembly errors to restrict the second fastener 5B from coming out of the second mounting hole 321B, and ensure that the second fastener 5B and the constraining component 3 and The strength of the fixed beam 12. Moreover, since the side surfaces of the second mounting portion 32B away from the limiting portion 31 are closed along the entire extension direction of the fixed beam 12, the overall strength of the restraining member 3 can be improved, and the restraining member 3 can be prevented from being deformed.
  • the width of the fixed beam 12 is not less than the width of the sum of the two first mounting portions 32A, the two second mounting portions 32B, or the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B, so as to restrict each The components 3 are independently mounted on the corresponding fixed beams 12 respectively.
  • the first fastener 5A passes through the first installation hole 321A and the second installation hole 321B at the same time, and the second fastener 5B also passes through the first installation hole 321A and the second installation hole 321B at the same time.
  • the first fastener 5A and the second fastener 5B will no longer be distinguished, and they will be collectively marked as the first fastener 5A.
  • the number of fixed beams 12 can be reduced, the structure of the box assembly 1 can be simplified, and the width occupied by the fixed beams 12 in the horizontal plane can be reduced.
  • the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B fixed on the same fixed beam 12 are superimposed in the height direction, which can further reduce the width occupied by the fixed beam 12 in the horizontal plane, and only need to lock a single
  • the number of fasteners required by the battery module 20 can satisfy the locking of the adjacent battery modules 20, which can improve the energy density and space utilization of the battery pack, and improve the assembly efficiency of the restraining member 3 and the fixing beam 12.
  • first mounting hole 321A and the second mounting hole 321B have different adjustment amounts, when the first mounting portion 31A and the second mounting portion 32B of the two adjacent restraining members 3 are stacked in the height direction, it can be Make the first fastener 5A smoothly pass through the first mounting hole 321A and the second mounting hole 321B at the same time, which can reduce the influence of the part processing tolerances of the constraining component 3 and the fixed beam 12 during assembly, and it is easy to install the first fastener 5A.
  • the first mounting portion 32A is located above the second mounting portion 32B that is superimposed on the first mounting portion 32A in the height direction. Since the first mounting portion 32A is provided with a circular hole, the first mounting portion 32A is placed above, so that the first limiting section of the first fastener 5A can be aligned with the top surface of the first mounting portion 32A in the entire circumferential direction. Adequate contact makes the force more uniform, and improves the reliability of the connection between the restraint member 3 and the fixed beam 12, thereby improving the firmness of the connection between the two adjacent restraint members 3 and the fixed beam 12.
  • the first mounting portion 32A may also be located below the second mounting portion 32B superimposed on the first mounting portion 32A in the height direction.
  • first distance L1 between the bottom surface of the first mounting portion 32A and the top surface of the limiting portion 31, and the bottom surface of the second mounting portion 32B and the top surface of the limiting portion 31
  • second distance L2 between them; wherein, the second distance L2 is greater than the first distance L1.
  • the structure of the restraining parts 3 in the battery pack is the same, and the same assembly direction is adopted, which can reduce the types of parts and reduce the assembly difficulty.
  • the thickness of the second mounting portion 32B is t, which satisfies L2-L1 ⁇ t.
  • the box body 11 is provided with seven fixed beams 12 at intervals along the length direction (x-direction), and a containing cavity 13 is formed between two adjacent fixed beams 12, and each containing cavity 13 is provided with A battery module 20 is provided with six battery modules 20 in the box 11.
  • Each battery module 20 is provided with two layers of battery cells 2 along the height direction, and each layer of battery cells 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 2 arranged in the width direction (y-direction).
  • the seat portion 31 covers the topmost battery cell 2 in the corresponding battery module 20.
  • the fixed beam 12 may also be arranged along the width direction of the box 11.
  • each restraining component 3 As shown in FIG. 36, the installation of three adjacent restraining components 3 is taken as an example for description, and the installation forms of the remaining restraining components 3 can be deduced by analogy.
  • the three adjacent constraining parts 3 in the battery pack 500 are the first constraining part 3A, the second constraining part 3B and the third constraining part 3C, the first constraining part 3A, the second constraining part 3B and the third constraining part 3C They are arranged in sequence along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12.
  • the second mounting portion 32B of the first restricting member 3A is located below the first mounting portion 32A of the second restricting member 3B
  • the second mounting portion 32B of the second restricting member 3B is located at the third restricting member Below the first mounting portion 32A of 3C.
  • each of the first mounting portions 32A can be positioned above the second mounting portion 32B that is superimposed on the first mounting portion 32A in the height direction.
  • two adjacent restraining members 3 are the fourth restraining member 3D and the fifth restraining member 3E, respectively.
  • the fourth restricting member 3D there is a first distance L1 between the bottom surface of the first mounting portion 32A and the top surface of the limiting portion 31, and there is a first distance between the bottom surface of the second mounting portion 32B and the top surface of the limiting portion 31.
  • One distance L1 In the fifth restricting member 3E, there is a second distance L2 between the bottom surface of the first mounting portion 32A and the top surface of the limiting portion 31, and there is a second distance L2 between the bottom surface of the second mounting portion 32B and the top surface of the limiting portion 31.
  • the fourth constraining component 3D and the fifth constraining component 3E are alternately arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12, and the first distance L1 is greater than the second distance L2.
  • the four adjacent constraining members 3 are respectively provided with a fourth constraining component 3D, a fifth constraining component 3E, a fourth constraining component 3D and a fifth constraining component 3E in sequence along the arrangement direction of the plurality of fixed beams 12.
  • the first mounting portion 32A of the first fifth restricting member 3E is located above the second mounting portion 32B of the fourth restricting member 3D on the left;
  • the first fifth restricting member 3E is The second mounting portion 32B is located above the first mounting portion 32A of the fourth restriction member 3D on the right;
  • the first mounting portion 32A of the next fifth restriction member 3E is located above the second mounting portion 32B of the fourth restriction member 3D on the left , And so on.
  • first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B of each fifth restricting member 3E are superimposed on the first mounting portion 32A and the second mounting portion 32B of the fourth restricting member 3D adjacent to both sides.
  • this embodiment is provided with two sizes of constraining parts 3, during assembly, neither the fourth constraining part 3D nor the fifth constraining part 3E has a direction requirement, which can reduce assembly difficulty and improve assembly efficiency.
  • the battery module 20 covered by the fifth restraining component 3E fails, the battery module 20 can be replaced or repaired only by removing the corresponding fifth restraining component 3E; the fourth restraining component 3D covers
  • the fifth restraint member 3E adjacent to both sides of the fourth restraint member 3D is removed, and the battery module 20 can be replaced or repaired. Therefore, the battery module in the battery pack can be improved. 20 Convenience and efficiency of maintenance.

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Abstract

一种电池包(100)及车辆。电池包(100)包括箱体组件(1)、电池单体(2)、约束部件(3)和外盖(4)，箱体组件(1)包括箱体(11)和固定梁(12)，固定梁(12)固定在箱体(11)中；电池单体(2)设在箱体(11)内；约束部件(3)覆盖电池单体(2)且与固定梁(12)固定。

Description

电池包及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开是以申请号为201910565257.4，申请日为2019年6月27日，发明名称为“电池包及车辆”的中国专利申请，申请号为201910710351.4，申请日为2019年8月2日，发明名称为“电池包”的中国专利申请和申请号为201910794640.7，申请日为2019年8月27日，发明名称为“电池包”的中国专利申请为基础，并主张其优先权，这些中国专利申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池包及车辆。
背景技术
近年来，可充电电池被广泛地应用于为车辆提供动力。多个可充电电池通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。
在实际使用过程中发现，电池包外盖面积大且刚度较差，且电池单体在充放电过程中会发生膨胀，从而使得电池包外盖发生较大变形。电池包外盖变形后会降低外盖和箱体的密封性能，从而导致外部水汽进入电池包而引发短路问题。并且由于电池包外盖变形后将可能顶到车辆的其他部件，当电池包需要从车辆上拆下进行维修时，将难以从车辆上拆卸以及重新装回车上。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供了一种电池包及车辆，能够提高电池包的密封性。
根据本公开的一方面，提供了一种电池包，包括：
箱体组件，包括箱体和固定梁，固定梁固定在箱体中；
电池单体，设在箱体内；和
约束部件，覆盖电池单体且与固定梁固定。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括外盖，外盖设在约束部件远离箱体的一侧，且将箱体的开口端封闭。
在一些实施例中，固定梁将箱体分隔为多个容置腔，电池包包括多个电池单体， 且多个电池单体在垂直于高度方向的平面内分为多组，各组电池单体均具有至少两个电池单体且分别设在不同的容置腔内。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括多根固定梁，各组电池单体沿分组方向的两侧均设有固定梁。
在一些实施例中，多个电池单体沿电池包的长度方向分组，固定梁沿着电池包的宽度方向延伸；和/或
多个电池单体沿电池包的宽度方向分组，固定梁沿着电池包的长度方向延伸。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括多个约束部件，各个约束部件分别覆盖不同组的电池单体。
在一些实施例中，约束部件包括：
限位部，覆盖在相应组的电池单体上；和
两个安装部，分别连接在限位部沿电池单体分组方向的两侧，两个安装部分别与相应组的电池单体两侧的固定梁固定。
在一些实施例中，限位部整体相对于安装部朝向远离电池单体的方向凸出。
在一些实施例中，约束部件为分体式结构，且覆盖相应电池单体的至少部分表面。
在一些实施例中，外盖的内表面与约束部件的外表面之间具有预设间隙，在一些实施例中，预设间隙的范围为2mm～100mm。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括以下至少之一：
第一粘接层，设于最底层的电池单体与箱体内底面之间；
第二粘接层，设于各组电池单体中的相邻两个电池单体之间；和
第三粘接层，高对不起约束部件与最顶层的电池单体之间。
在一些实施例中，电池单体包括：
壳体；和
设在壳体内的电极组件，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置在第一极片和第二极片之间的隔膜；
其中，电极组件为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，电极组件的外表面包括两个扁平面，两个扁平面沿高度方向相对设置；或者，
电极组件为叠片式结构，第一极片和第二极片沿高度方向层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括：
压条和紧固件，安装部设在压条与固定梁之间，紧固件穿过压条和安装部且与固 定梁固定，以将安装部固定在固定梁上。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括密封件，密封件设在外盖和箱体之间，以使箱体的开口端封闭。
在一些实施例中，相邻两组的电池单体之间设有一根固定梁，与一根固定梁固定的相邻两个安装部均包括多个安装块，多个安装块沿固定梁的延伸方向间隔设置，且相邻两个安装部对应的多个安装块交替设置。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种电池包，包括：
箱体组件，包括箱体和多根固定梁，各根固定梁固定在箱体，并将箱体分隔为多个容置腔；
多个电池模组，各电池模组均包括多个电池单体，各电池模组分别对应地设在各容置腔内；和
多个约束部件，各约束部件均包括限位部、第一安装部和第二安装部，各限位部分别对应地覆盖在各电池模组上，第一安装部和第二安装部分别连接在限位部沿多根固定梁排列方向的两侧，且分别与相应的电池模组两侧的固定梁固定；
其中，对于相邻的两个约束部件，其中一个约束部件的第一安装部与另一个约束部件的第二安装部固定于同一根固定梁并且在高度方向上叠加设置。
在一些实施例中，限位部整体相对于第一安装部和第二安装部朝向远离电池模组的方向凸出，
第一安装部的底面与限位部的顶面之间具有第一距离L1，第二安装部的底面与限位部的顶面之间具有第二距离L2；
其中，第一距离L1大于第二距离L2。
在一些实施例中，相邻的三个约束部件分别为第一约束部件、第二约束部件和第三约束部件，第一约束部件、第二约束部件和第三约束部件沿多根固定梁排列方向依次设置；
其中，第一约束部件的第一安装部位于第二约束部件的第二安装部的下方，第二约束部件的第一安装部位于第三约束部件的第二安装部的下方。
在一些实施例中，限位部整体相对于第一安装部和第二安装部朝向远离电池模组的方向凸出，相邻的两个约束部件分别为第四约束部件和第五约束部件，
在第四约束部件中，第一安装部的底面与限位部的顶面之间以及第二安装部的底面与限位部的顶面之间均具有第一距离L1；
在第五约束部件中，第一安装部的底面与限位部的顶面之间以及第二安装部的底面与限位部的顶面之间均具有第二距离L2；
其中，第四约束部件和第五约束部件沿多根固定梁排列方向交替设置，且第一距离L1大于第二距离L2。
在一些实施例中，第一安装部的厚度为t，满足L1-L2≥t。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括多个紧固件，
第一安装部沿固定梁的长度方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔，与第一安装部在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部沿固定梁的长度方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔；
各紧固件均依次穿设对应位置的第二安装孔和第一安装孔且与对应的固定梁固定。
在一些实施例中，第一安装部位于与第一安装部在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部的下方，第二安装孔的直径小于第一安装孔的直径。
在一些实施例中，限位部上设有加强筋。
在一些实施例中，约束部件为分体式结构，且覆盖相应电池模组的至少部分表面。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括外盖，设在约束部件远离电池模组的一侧，且将箱体的开口端封闭。
在一些实施例中，外盖的内表面与约束部件的外表面之间具有预设间隙，在一些实施例中，预设间隙的范围为2mm～100mm。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括以下至少之一：
第一粘接层，设于各电池模组的底面与箱体的内底面之间；
第二粘接层，设于电池模组中相邻的两个电池单体之间；和
第三粘接层，设于各电池模组的顶部与约束部件之间。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种电池包，包括：
箱体组件，包括箱体和多根固定梁，各根固定梁固定在箱体，并将箱体分隔为多个容置腔；
多个电池模组，各电池模组均包括多个电池单体，各电池模组分别对应地设在各容置腔内；
多个约束部件，各约束部件均包括限位部、第一安装部和第二安装部，各限位部分别对应地覆盖在各电池模组上，第一安装部和第二安装部分别连接在限位部沿多根固定梁排列方向的两侧，且分别与相应的电池模组两侧的固定梁固定；第一安装部沿 固定梁的长度方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔，第二安装部沿固定梁的长度方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔；
多个第一紧固件，多个第一紧固件分别穿过对应的第一安装孔且固定于与第一安装部对应的固定梁；和
多个第二紧固件，多个第二紧固件分别穿过对应的第二安装孔且固定于与第二安装部对应的固定梁，
其中，第一安装孔和第二安装孔在多根固定梁排列方向上的调整量不同。
在一些实施例中，第一安装孔为圆孔，第二安装孔在远离限位部的侧壁上设有开口，开口在第二安装部的厚度方向上贯通，且在固定梁长度方向上的尺寸不小于第二紧固件的第一连接段的直径。
在一些实施例中，第二安装孔最靠近限位部的侧壁与第二安装部远离限位部的侧面之间的距离大于第二紧固件的第一连接段的直径。
在一些实施例中，第一安装孔的直径和第二安装孔的圆弧段的直径相同。
在一些实施例中，第一安装孔为圆孔，第二安装孔为沿着多根固定梁排列方向延伸的长圆孔。
在一些实施例中，固定梁上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔，梁安装孔为螺纹孔；
多个第一紧固件分别依次穿过第一安装孔和梁安装孔且固定于第一安装部对应的固定梁，或者多个第二紧固件分别依次穿过第二安装孔和梁安装孔且固定于对应的固定梁。在一些实施例中，固定梁上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔，梁安装孔为光孔；
电池包还包括多个拉铆螺母，拉铆螺母包括第二连接段和第二限位段，各拉铆螺母的第二连接段分别对应地嵌入各梁安装孔，第二限位段与固定梁的顶部接触；
多个第一紧固件分别依次穿过第一安装孔和拉铆螺母的内孔且固定于对应的固定梁，或者多个第二紧固件依次穿过第二安装孔和拉铆螺母的内孔且固定于对应的固定梁。
在一些实施例中，第一安装孔的直径和第二安装孔的圆弧段的直径均大于第二限位段的外廓尺寸。
在一些实施例中，对于相邻的两个约束部件，其中一个约束部件的第一安装部与另一个约束部件的第二安装部通过同一组第一紧固件或第二紧固件固定于同一根固 定梁，并且在高度方向上叠加设置。
在一些实施例中，第一安装部位于与第一安装部在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部的上方。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种车辆，包括：
车辆主体；和
上述实施例的电池包，电池包设于所述车辆主体。
基于上述技术方案，本公开一个实施例的电池包，通过设置约束部件并与固定梁固定，当电池单体发生膨胀时，可对电池单体提供稳定有效的压紧力，降低电池单体的膨胀变形程度；而且，由于设置了约束部件，可以降低外盖的变形，可提高电池包的密封性。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本公开电池包的一个实施的分解示意图；
图2为图1所示电池包打开外盖后的结构示意图；
图3为图1所示电池包沿xz平面的剖视图；
图4为图2所述电池包内部结构的局部剖视图；
图5为在电池包中设置压条和密封件的结构示意图；
图6为本公开电池包的另一个实施例的分解图；
图7为图6所示电池包打开外盖后的内部结构示意图；
图8为电池包中电池单体的一个实施例的分解示意图；
图9为电池单体采用卷绕式电极组件沿图8中xz平面的剖视图；
图10为电池单体采用叠片式电极组件沿图8中xz平面的剖视图。
图11为本公开电池包的一个实施例沿xz平面的剖视图；
图12为图11所示电池包的分解示意图；
图13为图11所示电池包中约束部件的主视图；
图14为图11所示电池包中约束部件的立体图；
图15为图11所示电池包去除外盖后的装配图；
图16为图11所示电池包的M处局部放大图；
图17为图16中的N处局部放大图；
图18为本公开电池包的一个实施例中约束部件的限位部上设置朝向远离电池模组的方向凸起的凸棱的结构示意图；
图19为图18的主视图；
图20为本公开电池包的一个实施例中约束部件的限位部上设置朝向靠近电池模组的方向凸起的凸棱的结构示意图；
图21为图20的主视图；
图22为本公开电池包采用分体式约束部件的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图23为本公开电池包另一个实施例的结构示意图；
图24为本公开电池包的一些实施例沿xz平面剖切后的整体结构示意图；
图25为本公开电池包将约束部件安装于固定梁上的一些实施例结构示意图；
图26为本公开电池包中约束部件与固定梁安装的一些实施例的分解图；
图27为图26中约束部件的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图28为本公开电池包将约束部件安装于固定梁上的一些实施例的俯视图；
图29为图28中的A处放大图；
图30为本公开电池包将约束部件安装于固定梁上的一些实施例的侧视图；
图31为图30中的B处放大图；
图32为图31中的C处放大图；
图33为本公开电池包中将约束部件安装于固定梁上的另一些实施例的俯视图；
图34为本公开电池包将相邻约束部件的第一安装部和第二安装部在z方向叠加设置的一些实施例的分解图；
图35为图34中约束部件的一些实施例的主视图；
图36为图24中的D处放大图；
图37为图36中的E处放大图；
图38为本公开电池包将相邻约束部件的第一安装部和第二安装部在高度方向上叠加设置的另一些实施例的分解图。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本公开。在以下段落中，更为详细地限定了实施例的不同方面。如 此限定的各方面可与任何其他的一个方面或多个方面组合，除非明确指出不可组合。尤其是，被认为是优选的或有利的任何特征可与其他一个或多个被认为是优选的或有利的特征组合。
本公开中出现的“第一”、“第二”等用语仅是为了方便描述，以区分具有相同名称的不同组成部件，并不表示先后或主次关系。
此外，当元件被称作“在”另一元件“上”时，该元件可以直接在所述另一元件上，或者可以间接地在所述另一元件上并且在它们之间***有一个或更多个中间元件。另外，当元件被称作“连接到”另一元件时，该元件可以直接连接到所述另一元件，或者可以间接地连接到所述另一元件并且在它们之间***有一个或更多个中间元件。在下文中，同样的附图标记表示同样的元件。
本公开中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多根”指的是两根以上(包括两根)。
为了在以下实施例中清楚地描述各个方位，例如图1、图11、图24和图34中的坐标系对电池包的各个方向进行了定义，x方向表示电池包的长度方向(以下简称长度方向)；y方向表示电池包的宽度方向(以下简称宽度方向)；z方向垂直于x和y方向形成的平面，表示电池包的高度方向(以下简称高度方向)，当电池包安装于车辆上时，电池包的高度方向平行于竖直方向，此处提到的竖直方向允许相对于理论竖直方向存在一定角度偏差。基于此种方位定义，采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”，均相对于高度方向而言。
在一些实施例中，本公开提供了一种车辆，车辆包括车辆主体和电池包，电池包设置于车辆主体中。其中，车辆为新能源汽车，其可以为纯电动汽车，也可以混合动力汽车或增程式汽车，在车辆主体中设置有驱动电机，驱动电机与电池包电连接，由电池包提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动汽车行进。在一些实施例中，电池包可水平设置于车辆主体的底部，可采用顶部挂接和/或底部支撑的安装方式。
图1至图5为本公开电池包的一个实施例的结构示意图。该电池包100包括：箱体组件1、电池单体2、约束部件3和外盖4。
其中，箱体组件1包括箱体11和固定梁12，箱体11具有开口端，固定梁12固定在箱体11中，例如，固定梁12可以固定在箱体11的内底面上或者侧壁上。电池单体2设在箱体11内，约束部件3覆盖电池单体2，与最顶层的电池单体2之间可以 接触或保留预设间隙，且约束部件3与固定梁12固定，被配置为限制电池单体2发生膨胀。
外盖4设在约束部件3远离箱体11的一侧，且沿电池包的高度方向扣合在箱体11的开口端，用于将箱体11的开口端封闭。这里的封闭指的是外盖4与箱体11密封连接，可防止外部液体、水汽进入电池包内，提高电池包的安全性能。
本公开的实施例通过设置约束部件3并与固定梁12固定，当电池单体2发生膨胀时，可对电池单体2提供稳定有效的压紧力，降低电池单体2的膨胀变形程度；而且，由于设置了约束部件3，可以降低外盖4的变形，可提高电池包的密封性。而且，电池包通过设置约束部件3降低外盖4变形，当电池包用于车辆时，在长期使用后仍能够顺利地在原安装位进行拆装，可降低电池包的维修难度，而且也可防止由于电池包变形对车辆上的安装结构件施加外力。
如图1所示，固定梁12将箱体11分隔为多个容置腔13，电池包包括多个电池单体2，且各个电池单体2在垂直于高度方向的平面内分为多组，各组电池单体2均具有至少两个电池单体2且分别设在不同的容置腔13内。在一些实施例中，各个容置腔13的尺寸与相应组电池单体2的整体外形尺寸相适配。
该实施例将各个电池单体2分组设置，并通过约束部件3与用于对电池单体2分组的各个固定梁12固定，相当于增加了约束部件3与箱体11之间的固定点，由此减小了各个固定点之间的跨距，可提高约束部件3的抗变形能力。与传统的通过盖体对所有各个电池单体整体进行约束的方案相比，该实施例对每组电池单体2的外周均单独施加固定约束，当电池单体发生膨胀时，约束部件3不易变形，可进一步对电池单体2提供稳定的压紧力，防止电池包高度方向的尺寸增大，而且也不容易由于约束部件3的变形挤压外盖4，可提高电池包的使用寿命。
而且，将各个电池单体2分组设置，当部分电池单体2工作产生较大的热量发生热失控时，能够延缓热量向其它组的电池单体2扩散，提高电池包工作的安全性，即使部分电池单体2无法正常使用，也能使电池包降功率使用。
如图1所示，电池包包括多根固定梁12，各组电池单体2沿分组方向的两侧均设有固定梁12。各个固定梁12除了设在相邻组电池单体2形成的通道中，也在最外组电池单体2靠近箱体11内壁的一侧设置。固定梁12可以在自身的延伸方向上设计为连续结构，也可设计为分段结构。
该结构对于各组电池单体2均可以在沿分组方向的两侧进行固定，以对电池单体 2施加更加稳定的约束力，从而提高对该组电池单体2的约束效果，可进一步限制电池单体发生膨胀，提高电池包的使用寿命。
例如，各个电池单体2沿高度方向层叠设置一层或多层，例如图1中设置两层。各个电池单体2分为多列，每列电池单体2之间需要通过汇流条实现并联或串联，因此相邻两列电池单体2之间设有间隙。
较优地，相邻固定梁12之间的距离被构造为最多容纳两列电池单体2。这样能够尽量减小相邻固定梁12之间的跨距，使约束部件3与固定梁12具有更多的固定点，可提高约束部件3的抗变形能力，提高对每组电池单体2约束的可靠性。
如图2所示，箱体11内设有三根沿电池包宽度方向延伸的固定梁12，可固定在箱体11的内底面上，中间的固定梁12位于两组电池单体2之间，两侧的固定梁12靠近箱体11的内侧壁设置，将箱体11内的空间分为两个容置腔13，其中一个容置腔13(图1中位于左侧)放置第一组电池单体20A，第一组电池单体20A包括一列电池单体2；另一个容置腔13(图1中位于右侧)放置第二组电池单体20B，第二组电池单体20B包括沿长度方向并排间隔设置的两列电池单体2。其中，每列电池单体2包括沿宽度方向依次并排设置的多个电池单体2，相邻两个电池单体2的侧面接触，而且，各个电池单体2在高度方向叠加设置两层。
各个固定梁12的延伸方向垂直于各个电池单体2的分组方向，以使电池包的内部结构更加紧凑。如图1所示，多个电池单体2沿电池包的长度方向分组，固定梁12沿着电池包的宽度方向延伸，此种设置方式利于将各个电池单体2分为更多的组，以增加约束部件3与箱体11的固定点，而且能够减小各组电池单体2整体的长宽比，使约束部件3对各组电池单体2在长度和宽度方向的约束刚度均衡，提高约束可靠性。
可选地，多个电池单体2沿电池包的宽度方向分组，固定梁12沿着电池包的长度方向延伸。或者，多个电池单体2也可同时沿电池包的长度方向和宽度方向分组，各个固定梁12形成网格状结构。
对于固定梁12的具体结构，可采用实心固定梁或空心固定梁，其截面可以为矩形、梯形或C形等，其上表面可设置为平面，以便将约束部件固定在固定梁12的上表面，可选地，约束部件3也可固定于固定梁12的侧面。
其中，如图8所示的分解示意图，每个电池单体2均包括：壳体21和设在壳体21内的电极组件22，壳体21可具有六面体形状或其他形状，且具有开口。电极组件22容纳于壳体21内。壳体21的开口覆盖有盖板组件24。盖板组件24包括盖板241 和设置于盖板上的两个电极端子，两个电极端子分别为第一电极端子242和第二电极端子243。其中，第一电极端子242可以为正电极端子，第二电极端子243为负电极端子。在其他的实施例中，第一电极端子242还可以为负电极端子，而第二电极端子243为正电极端子。在盖板组件24与电极组件22之间设置有转接片23，电极组件22的极耳通过转接片23与盖板241上的电极端子电连接。本实施例中，转接片23有两个，即分别为正极转接片和负极转接片。
如图8所示，壳体21内设置有两个电极组件22，两个电极组件22沿电池单体2的高度方向(z向)堆叠，其中，电池单体2的高度方向与电池包的高度方向一致。当然，在其他实施例中，在壳体21内也可设置有一个电极组件22，或者在壳体21内设置有三个以上的电极组件22。多个电极组件22沿电池单体2的高度方向(z向)堆叠。
如图9和图10所示，电极组件22包括第一极片221、第二极片222以及设置于所述第一极片221和所述第二极片222之间的隔膜223。其中，第一极片221可以为正极片，第二极片222为负极片。在其他的实施例中，第一极片221还可以为负极片，而第二极片222为正极片。其中，隔膜223是介于第一极片221和第二极片222之间的绝缘体。正极片的活性物质可被涂覆在正极片的涂覆区上，负极片的活性物质可被涂覆到负极片的涂覆区上。由正极片的涂覆区延伸出的部分则作为正极极耳；由负极片的涂覆区延伸出的部分则作为负极极耳。正极极耳通过正极转接片连接于盖板组件24上的正电极端子，同样地，负极极耳通过负极转接片连接于盖板组件24上的负电极端子。
如图9所示，电极组件22为卷绕式结构。其中，第一极片221、隔膜223以及第二极片222均为带状结构，将第一极片221、隔膜223以及第二极片222依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上形成电极组件22，并且电极组件22呈扁平状。在电极组件22制作时，电极组件22可直接卷绕为扁平状，也可以先卷绕成中空的圆柱形结构，卷绕之后再压平为扁平状。图9为电极组件22的外形轮廓示意图，电极组件22的外表面包括两个扁平面224，两个扁平面224沿电池单体2的高度方向(z向)相对设置。其中，电极组件22大致为六面体结构，扁平面224大致平行于卷绕轴线且为面积最大的外表面。扁平面224可以是相对平整的表面，并不要求是纯平面。
如图10所示，电极组件22为叠片式结构，即电极组件22中包括多个第一极片221以及多个第二极片222，隔膜223设置在第一极片221和第二极片222之间。第一 极片221和第二极片222沿着电池单体2的高度方向(z向)层叠设置。
电极组件22在充放电过程中不可避免的会沿极片的厚度方向发生膨胀，各个极片的膨胀量叠加，在高度方向上累积的膨胀量大于其它方向，本公开的实施例通过增加约束部件3与箱体11的固定点，可对电池单体2膨胀量最大的方向进行约束，防止电池包发生变形，提高电池包的使用寿命。
如图3所示，外盖4的内表面与约束部件3的外表面之间具有预设间隙L。通过为电池单体2预留膨胀空间，可防止约束部件3变形后的力传递至外盖4迫使外盖4也发生变形；而且，即使在电池单体2发生膨胀导致约束部件3变形顶到外盖4时，外盖4也能进一步限制约束部件3的变形和电池单体2的膨胀。在一些实施例中，对于不同尺寸的电池包，预设间隙的范围为2mm～100mm。
如图1和图2所示，电池包可包括多个约束部件3，各个约束部件3分别覆盖不同组的电池单体2。该实施例通过采用多个约束部件3分别约束不同组的电池单体2，可对每组电池单体2独立地施加固定约束，减小了约束部件3的覆盖面，可提高自身刚度不易发生变形，以便提供稳定可靠的约束力。而且，在某一组电池单体2膨胀量较大造成相应的约束部件3变形时，可避免对其它组电池单体2造成影响，提高电池包的工作可靠性和使用寿命。
每个约束部件3均包括：限位部31和两个安装部32。其中，限位部31覆盖在相应组的电池单体2上；两个安装部32连接在限位部31沿电池单体2分组方向的两侧，且分别与相应组电池单体2沿分组方向两侧的固定梁12固定。约束部件3可采用平板弯折形成。
如图2所示，限位部31将对应组的电池单体2的顶面全部覆盖，可增加对电池单体2的约束力，并提高约束部件3抵抗变形的能力。
该实施例通过设置多个独立的约束部件3，能够分别对各个组的电池单体2进行约束，各组电池单体2的约束完全独立，各个约束部件3的拆装互不影响。在各组电池单体2的高度存在差异时也不会影响约束部件3的安装，如果个别组的电池单体2膨胀量较大，只会导致相应的约束部件3发生变形，不会将变形应力传递至其它约束部件3。而且，在个别组的电池单体2出现故障需要开盖维修更换时，只需要打开相应的约束部件3，无需拆卸其它约束部件3。
如图3所示，限位部31整体相对于安装部32朝向远离电池单体2的方向凸出。此种结构不仅能够降低固定梁12的设置高度，保证固定梁12的强度，而且在采用紧 固件5将安装部32和固定梁12固定时，可避免紧固件5凸出限位部31顶面，可减小电池包的高度。
如图3和图4所示，相邻两组电池单体2之间设有一根固定梁12，与该固定梁12固定的相邻两个安装部32均包括多个安装块320，多个安装块320沿固定梁12的延伸方向间隔设置，且相邻两个安装部32对应的多个安装块320交替设置。例如，安装块320可呈矩形、梯形或三角形结构。该结构能够使相邻两组电池单体2对应的约束部件3共用一根固定梁12进行固定，可节省空间，提高电池包的能量密度。可选地，相邻组电池单体2之间也可设置两根固定梁12，每个约束部件3分别固定在一根固定梁12上。
如图1所示，为了实现外盖4与箱体11的固定，箱体11开口端的四周设有第一翻边111，外盖4的四周设有第二翻边41，第一翻边111与第二翻边41之间可通过粘接或紧固件连接的方式固定。为了实现约束部件3与固定梁12的固定，安装部32上沿固定梁12的延伸方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔321B，固定梁12的顶部沿自身延伸方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔121，将紧固件5穿设第二安装孔321B和梁安装孔121，可将约束部件3与固定梁12固定。
如图5所示，本公开的电池包还可包括：压条6，设在安装部32与固定梁12之间，压条6可采用长条片状结构，压条6上设有孔，以保证紧固件5穿过。在装配时可选择合适厚度的压条6，以调整装配间隙，当约束部件3与固定梁12采用紧固件5固定后，可使约束部件3与电池单体2之间保持合适的装配间隙，防止约束部件3对电池单体2产生较大的压紧力，提高电池包的使用寿命。
可选地，压条6也可设在紧固件5与安装部32的顶面之间，例如紧固件5为螺钉时，压条6设在螺钉头与安装部32的顶面之间，以便增加紧固件5固定的可靠性。
仍参考图5，为了保证电池包内部空间的密封性，防止外部液体或水汽进入电池包影响电池单体2的工作性能，本公开的电池包还可包括密封件7，设在外盖4与箱体11之间，密封件7可采用长条片状结构或矩形环状结构。密封件7上设有孔，以保证紧固件穿过。密封件可采用硅橡胶等材料。当电池包用于车辆时，密封件还可吸收车辆工作过程中传递至电池包的振动。
为了提高电池单体2固定的可靠性，防止电池单体2发生晃动，电池包可以包括第一粘接层、第二粘接层和第三粘接层至少之一：最底层的电池单体2与箱体11内底面之间设有第一粘接层；各组电池单体2中的相邻两个电池单体2之间设有第二粘 接层；约束部件3与最顶层的电池单体2之间设有第三粘接层。对于只设有单层电池单体2的电池包，最底层和最顶层的电池单体2为同一层电池单体2。
图6和图7为本公开电池包的另一个实施例的结构示意图，该电池包200与图1至图4所示电池包100的区别在于，约束部件3可采用分体式结构，且覆盖电池单体2的部分表面。
约束部件3可沿长度方向和宽度方向至少之一分体设置，约束部件3采用分体式结构，且覆盖相应电池单体2的至少部分表面。如图6所示，用于覆盖第一组电池单体20A的约束部件3包括第一约束部件3A和第二约束部件3B，第一约束部件3A和第二约束部件3B的限位部31可沿长度方向间隔设置，只覆盖该组电池单体2的部分表面。第一约束部件3A的安装部32沿宽度方向连续延伸，第二约束部件3B的安装部32包括沿宽度方向间隔设置的多个安装块320。用于覆盖第二组电池单体20B的约束部件3采用整体式结构。图7为通过紧固件5将第一约束部件3A和第二约束部件3B固定在固定梁12上的示意图。
该实施例的优点在于，受到各个电池单体2的尺寸公差以及层叠设置的精度影响，同组中的各个电池单体2的顶部也可能具有高度差，采用分体式约束部件3降低对限位部31侧板高度尺寸的加工要求，也易于装配；而且，分体式约束部件3可节约材料；另外，通过局部覆盖电池单体2的表面，有利于电池单体2的散热。
在此基础上，根据电池包的工作需求可进行温度调节，箱体组件1还可包括温控部件，温控部件设在箱体11的底部区域，温控部件用于对电池单体2从底部进行温度调节，例如，为了带走电池单体2工作过程中产生的热量，可以对电池单体2进行冷却；或者在低温地区使用电池包时，可以对电池单体进行加热。
本公开的各实施例通过设置导热固定梁12和约束部件3，包覆了各组电池单体2的侧部和顶部，温控部件在箱体11底部进行温度调节的同时，温度可依次传递至固定梁12和约束部件3，改变了温控部件调控电池单体2温度的传导路径，可平衡容置腔内沿高度方向的温度分布，减小了上下区域电池单体2的温差，使各个电池单体2的温度均匀程度提高，从而使放电深度的一致性提高。
图11至图22为本公开电池包的一个实施例的结构示意图。该电池包300包括：箱体组件1、多个电池模组20和多个约束部件3。
如图11和图12所示，箱体组件1包括箱体11和多根固定梁12，箱体11具有开口端，各根固定梁12固定在箱体11，并将箱体11分隔为多个容置腔13，例如，固 定梁12可以固定在箱体11的内底面上或者侧壁上。对于固定梁12的具体结构，可采用实心，或采用空心结构，例如在固定梁12内部设置减重槽122。固定梁12的截面可以为矩形、梯形或C形等，其上表面可设置为平面，以便将约束部件固定在固定梁12的上表面，可选地，约束部件3也可固定于固定梁12的侧面。
各电池模组20均包括多个电池单体2，例如，电池模组20中可以沿高度方向设置一层或叠加设置多层的电池单体2。可选地，电池模组20中还可以沿长度和/或宽度方向排列至少两个以上的电池单体2。各电池模组20分别对应地设在各容置腔13内，每一个容置腔13内设置一个电池模组20。在一些实施例中，容置腔13的尺寸与相应电池模组20的整体外形尺寸相适配。
如图12所示，各约束部件3均包括限位部31、第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B，各限位部31分别对应地覆盖在各电池模组20上，与最顶层的电池单体2之间可以接触或保留间隙。第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B分别连接在限位部31沿多根固定梁12排列方向的两侧，且分别与相应的电池模组20两侧的固定梁12固定。约束部件3覆盖电池单体2。
如图12所示，对于相邻的两个约束部件3，其中一个约束部件3的第一安装部32A与另一个约束部件3的第二安装部32B固定于同一根固定梁12并且在电池包的高度方向上叠加设置。
本公开的实施例通过设置约束部件3并与固定梁12固定，当电池模组20发生膨胀时，可对各电池模组20提供稳定有效的压紧力，降低电池模组20的膨胀变形程度。，通过将相邻两个约束部件3固定于同一根固定梁12上，可减小固定梁12的数量，可简化箱体组件1的结构，并减小固定梁12在水平面内占用的宽度。而且，固定于同一根固定梁12上的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B在高度方向上叠加设置，能够更减小固定梁12在水平面内占用的宽度，且只需锁定单个电池模组20所需要的紧固件数量就能满足相邻电池模组20的锁定，可提高电池包的能量密度与空间利用率，并提高约束部件3与固定梁12的装配效率。
此外，将相邻的两个电池模组20通过固定梁12隔开，当部分电池模组20工作产生较大的热量发生热失控时，能够延缓热量向其它电池模组20扩散，可提高电池包工作的安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B凸出限位部31的延伸宽度相同，以使第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B大致完全重合，可进一步减小固定梁 12在水平面内占用的宽度，从而提高电池包的能量密度与空间利用率。
在一些实施例中，如图13和图14所示，各约束部件3的限位部31整体相对于第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B朝向远离电池模组20的方向凸出，第一安装部32A的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第一距离L1，第二安装部32B的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第二距离L2；其中，第一距离L1大于第二距离L2。在相邻的两个约束部件3固定于同一根固定梁12上时，第一安装部32A位于第二安装部32B底部。
该实施例通过对约束部件3的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B设置高度差，能够使相邻的两个约束部件3安装于同一根固定梁12上时，其中一个约束部件3的第一安装部32A与另一个约束部件3的第二安装部32B在高度方向上叠加设置。而且，电池包中各约束部件3的结构相同，并采用相同的装配方向，可减少零件种类，降低装配难度。
在一些实施例中，如图13所示，第一安装部32A的厚度为t，满足L1-L2≥t。
若L1-L2＝t，相邻的两个约束部件3的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B恰好直接接触，无需采用调整垫片，可简化装配过程。
若L1-L2>t，相邻的两个约束部件3的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B之间具有间隙，需要根据间隙大小在第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B之间设置调整垫片，以使第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B可靠接触，提高各约束部件3与固定梁12固定的牢固性。
如图11和图15所示，箱体11内沿长度方向(x向)间隔设有七根固定梁12，相邻两根固定梁12之间形成容置腔13，每个容置腔13内设有一个电池模组20，箱体11中共设有六个电池模组20。每个电池模组20均沿高度方向设有两层电池单体2，每层电池单体2均包括多个沿宽度方向(y向)排列的多个电池单体2，约束部件3的限位部31覆盖在相应电池模组20中最顶层的电池单体2上。可替代地，固定梁12也可沿箱体11的宽度方向设置。
为了更加清楚地反映出各约束部件3的安装关系，如图16所示，通过相邻三个约束部件3的安装为例进行说明，其余约束部件3的安装形式依此类推。
相邻的三个约束部件3分别为第一约束部件3A、第二约束部件3B和第三约束部件3C，第一约束部件3A、第二约束部件3B和第三约束部件3C沿多根固定梁12排列方向依次设置。其中，如图16所示，第一约束部件3A的第一安装部32A位于第二约束部件3B的第二安装部32B的下方，第二约束部件3B的第一安装部32A位于第 三约束部件3C的第二安装部32B的下方。
为了将第一安装部32A、第二安装部32B与固定梁12固定，如图12和图14所示，本公开的电池包还可包括多个紧固件5，第一安装部32A沿固定梁12的长度方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔321A；与第一安装部32A在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部32B沿固定梁12的长度方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔321B；固定梁12上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔121。各紧固件5均依次穿设对应位置的第二安装孔321B、第一安装孔321A和梁安装孔121，以便与对应的固定梁12固定。例如，紧固件5可采用螺钉或螺栓等，第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B为光孔，梁安装孔121为螺纹孔。
对于第一安装部32A位于第二安装部32B的下方的实施例，第二安装部32B上第二安装孔321B的直径小于第一安装部32A上第一安装孔321A的直径。
在第一安装部32A上开设孔径较大的第一安装孔321A，可降低约束部件3与固定梁12在装配时受零件加工公差的影响，易于安装紧固件5。与此同时，在第二安装部32B上开设孔径较小的第二安装孔321B，可增加螺栓等紧固件5与第二安装部32B第二安装孔321B的接触面积，从而提高紧固件5与第二安装部32B的连接强度，进而提高相邻的两个约束部件3与固定梁12固定的牢固性。
在另一种固定结构中，如果固定梁12上开设的减重槽122使设置梁安装孔121处的材料较薄，可以将梁安装孔121设置为光孔，在梁安装孔121内嵌入压铆螺母，压铆螺母为在一端具有凸台的圆弧形结构，凸台与固定梁12的顶部接触。为了使第一安装部32A能够与固定梁12可靠接触，可使第一安装孔321A的开孔直径大于压铆螺母的凸台外径，以对凸台进行避让，以增加第一安装部32A与固定梁12的接触面积，受力均匀，避免局部应力集中。
如图18至21所示，限位部31上设有加强筋33，可增加约束部件3的结构强度，以便对各电池模组20提供更加稳定有效的压紧力，降低电池模组20发生膨胀变形的程度。
如图18和图19所示，加强筋33包括多条间隔设置的凸棱，凸棱可通过冲压的方式形成，加工方便，也不会增加约束部件3的重量。各条凸棱朝向远离电池模组20的方向凸起，此种结构可使约束部件3与电池模组20之间保持较大的接触面积，能够为电池模组20提供较大的压紧力。
在一些实施例中，凸棱与固定梁12的延伸方向一致，能够对相应电池模组20中 顶层的各电池单体2均形成均衡的压紧力。可选地，凸棱的延伸方向与固定梁12的延伸方向也可垂直，或者，凸棱也可倾斜设置。
如图20和图21所示，与如图18和图19的不同之处在于，各条凸棱朝向靠近电池模组20的方向凸起，此种结构可通过加强筋33对电池模组20提供压紧力。另外，图18和图20所示的凸棱也可结合设置
可替代地，加强筋33也可以是设在限位部31至少一个侧面上的凸出部和/或凹入部，凸出部和/或凹入部可通过机加工的方式形成。例如，在限位部31的其中一个侧面设置凸出部或凹入部时，背面可保持平面。另外，加强筋33也可以是在限位部31上冲压形成的凸台或凸点。
如图22所示，约束部件3为分体式结构，且覆盖相应电池模组20的至少部分表面。例如，约束部件3可沿长度方向和/或宽度方向分体设置。
图22与图15的区别在于，将覆盖单个电池模组20的约束部件3分割为第一分体约束部3F和第二分体约束部3G，其中，第一分体约束部3F和第二分体约束部3G的限位部31可沿多根固定梁12的排列方向间隔设置，只覆盖该电池模组20的部分表面。第一分体约束部3F和第二分体约束部3G沿宽度方向连续延伸。
该实施例的优点在于，受到电池模组20中各电池单体2的尺寸公差以及层叠设置的精度影响，同一电池模组20中各电池单体2的顶部也可能具有高度差，采用分体式约束部件3降低对限位部31高度尺寸的加工要求，也易于装配；而且，分体式约束部件3可节约材料；另外，通过局部覆盖电池模组20的表面，有利于电池模组20的散热。
如图11所示，本公开的电池包还可包括外盖4，外盖4设在约束部件3远离电池模组20的一侧，且将箱体11的开口端封闭。这里的封闭指的是外盖4与箱体11密封连接，可防止外部液体、水汽进入电池包内，提高电池包的安全性能。
如图11所示，为了实现外盖4与箱体11的固定，箱体11开口端的四周设有第一翻边111，外盖4的四周设有第二翻边41，第一翻边111与第二翻边41之间可通过粘接或紧固件连接的方式固定。
上述实施例的电池包通过多个约束部件3分别覆盖不同的电池模组20，并与相应的固定梁12固定，相当于增加了约束部件3与箱体11之间的固定点，由此减小了各固定点之间的跨距，可提高约束部件3的抗变形能力。当电池单体发生膨胀时，约束部件3不易变形，可进一步对电池模组20提供稳定的压紧力，防止电池包高度方向 的尺寸增大，而且也不容易由于约束部件3的变形挤压外盖4，可提高电池包的使用寿命。
如图11所示，外盖4的内表面与约束部件3的外表面之间具有预设间隙L。通过为电池模组20预留膨胀空间，可防止约束部件3变形后的力传递至外盖4迫使外盖4也发生变形；而且，即使在电池模组20发生膨胀导致约束部件3变形顶到外盖4时，外盖4也能进一步限制约束部件3的变形和电池模组20的膨胀。在一些实施例中，对于不同尺寸的电池包，预设间隙的范围为2mm～100mm。
为了提高电池单体2固定的可靠性，防止电池单体2发生晃动，电池包包括第一粘接层、第二粘接层和第三粘接层至少之一：各电池模组20的底面与箱体11的内底面之间设有第一粘接层；电池模组20中相邻的两个电池单体2之间设有第地二粘接层；各电池模组20的顶部与约束部件3之间设有第三粘接层。
如图11所示，本公开的电池包还可包括：压条6，第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B位于压条6与固定梁12之间，压条6可采用长条片状结构，压条6上设有孔，以保证紧固件5穿过。
仍参考图11，为了保证电池包内部空间的密封性，防止外部液体或水汽进入电池包影响电池单体2的工作性能，本公开的电池包还可包括密封件7，设在外盖4与箱体11之间，密封件7可采用长条片状结构或矩形环状结构。密封件7上设有孔，以保证紧固件穿过。密封件可采用硅橡胶等材料。当电池包用于车辆时，密封件还可吸收车辆工作过程中传递至电池包的振动。
图23为本公开电池包的另一个实施例的结构示意图，在电池包400中，限位部31整体相对于第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B朝向远离电池模组20的方向凸出，相邻的两个约束部件3分别为第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E。
在第四约束部件3D中，第一安装部32A的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第一距离L1，第二安装部32B的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第一距离L1。在第五约束部件3E中，第一安装部32A的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第二距离L2，第二安装部32B的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第二距离L2。
其中，第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E沿多根固定梁12排列方向交替设置，且第一距离L1大于第二距离L2。
相邻的四个约束部件3分别为沿多根固定梁12排列方向依次设置第四约束部件3D、第五约束部件3E、第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E。如图23所示，从左侧 起，首个第五约束部件3E的第一安装部32A位于左侧第四约束部件3D的第二安装部32B的上方；首个第五约束部件3E的第二安装部32B位于右侧第四约束部件3D的第一安装部32A的上方；下一个第五约束部件3E的第一安装部32A位于右侧第四约束部件3D的第二安装部32B的上方，以此类推。
在高度方向上，各第五约束部件3E的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B均叠加于两侧相邻第四约束部件3D的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B之上。
实施例虽然设有两种尺寸的约束部件3，但是在装配时，第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E均没有方向要求，可降低装配难度，提高装配效率。而且，在第五约束部件3E覆盖的电池模组20出现故障时，只需将对应的第五约束部件3E拆下，就能够对电池模组20进行更换或维修；在第四约束部件3D覆盖的电池模组20出现故障时，将第四约束部件3D两侧相邻的第五约束部件3E拆下，就能够对电池模组20进行更换或维修，因此可提高对电池包中电池模组20进行维修的便捷性和效率。
图24示出了本公开一实施例的电池包的整体结构示意图，该电池包500包括：箱体组件1、多个电池模组20、多个约束部件3、多个第一紧固件5A和多个第二紧固件5B。
如图24和图25所示，箱体组件1包括箱体11和多根固定梁12，箱体11具有开口端，各根固定梁12固定在箱体11，并将箱体11分隔为多个容置腔13，例如，固定梁12可以固定在箱体11的内底面上或者侧壁上。为了减轻箱体组件1的重量，固定梁12可采用空心结构，可选地，如图25所示，固定梁12通过钣金结构弯折形成；或者，如图34所示，在固定梁12内部设置减重槽122。固定梁12的截面可以为矩形、梯形或C形等，其上表面可设置为平面，以便将约束部件3固定在固定梁12的上表面，可选地，约束部件3也可固定于固定梁12的侧面。
如图24所示，电池包还可包括外盖4，外盖4设在约束部件3远离电池模组20的一侧，且将箱体11的开口端封闭。这里的封闭指的是外盖4与箱体11密封连接，可防止外部液体、水汽进入电池包内，提高电池包的安全性能。
如图24和图34所示，各电池模组20均包括多个电池单体2，例如，电池模组20中可沿高度方向设置一层或叠加设置多层电池单体2。可选地，电池模组20中还可以沿长度和/或宽度方向排列至少两个以上的电池单体2。各电池模组20分别对应地设在各容置腔13内，每一个容置腔13内设置一个电池模组20。在一些实施例中，容置腔13的尺寸与相应电池模组20的整体外形尺寸相适配。
为了提高电池单体2固定的可靠性，防止电池单体2发生晃动，电池包包括第一粘接层、第二粘接层和第三粘接层中至少之一：各电池模组20的底面与箱体11的内底面之间设有粘接层；电池模组20中相邻的两个电池单体2之间设有粘接层；各电池模组20的顶部与约束部件3之间设有粘接层。
如图25至图27所示，各约束部件3均包括限位部31、第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B，各限位部31分别对应地覆盖在各电池模组20上，与最顶层的电池单体2之间可以接触或保留间隙。第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B分别连接在限位部31沿多根固定梁12排列方向的两侧，且分别与相应的电池模组20两侧的固定梁12固定。约束部件3覆盖电池单体2。
第一安装部32A沿固定梁12的长度方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔321A，第二安装部32B沿固定梁12的长度方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔321B。各第一紧固件5A分别穿过对应的第一安装孔321A且固定于与第一安装部32A对应的固定梁12，各第二紧固件5B分别穿过对应的第二安装孔321B且固定于与第二安装部32B对应的固定梁12。其中，第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B在多根固定梁12排列方向上的调整量不同，以容让由于加工和装配带来的配合误差。例如，第一紧固件5A和第二紧固件5B可以是螺钉、螺栓或铆钉等。
本公开实施例的电池包，通过设置约束部件3与固定梁12固定，当电池模组20发生膨胀时，可对各电池模组20提供稳定有效的压紧力，降低电池模组20的膨胀变形程度。
而且，将约束部件3两侧的第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B设置为不同的调整量，在将约束部件3安装到固定梁12上时，可解决由于约束部件3与固定梁12之间的配合误差导致装配困难的问题，从而提高电池包的装配效率，并减小对零件加工精度的要求以降低生产成本，另外还能释放紧固件与安装孔之间产生的连接应力，防止电池包因受到装配应力而产生变形。
此外，将相邻的两个电池模组20通过固定梁12隔开，当部分电池模组20工作产生较大的热量发生热失控时，能够延缓热量向其它电池模组20扩散，可提高电池包工作的安全性。
在一些实施例中，如图25至图27所示，第一安装孔321A为圆孔，第二安装孔321B在远离限位部31的侧壁上设有开口323，开口323在第二安装部32B的厚度方向上贯通，且开口323在固定梁12长度方向上的尺寸不小于第二紧固件5B的第一连 接段51B的直径，以便在存在配合误差时第二紧固件5B的第一连接段51B能够在开口323内沿着多根固定梁12的排列方向(y向)移动，从而释放装配应力。例如，第二安装孔321B包括半圆孔和分别与半圆孔的两个开口端相切的直线延伸段，两个直线延伸段形成开口323。
此种结构能够在第二安装部32B沿多根固定梁12排列方向的宽度一定的情况下，尽量增大约束部件3装配时的调整量，可容许更大的配合误差；而且此种第二安装孔321B更容易加工。
如图29所示，第二安装孔321B最靠近限位部31的侧壁与第二安装部32B远离限位部31的侧面之间的距离为L3。在一些实施例中，距离L3大于第二紧固件5B的第一连接段51B的直径。这样由于配合误差使第一连接段51B在第二安装孔321B的两个直线延伸段之间移动时，能够使第二紧固件5B的第一限位段52B与第二安装部32B的顶面保持尽量多的接触面积，增加压紧力，以提高约束部件3与固定梁12的连接强度。
较优地，第一安装孔321A的直径和第二安装孔321B的圆弧段的直径相同，由此，第一紧固件5A和第二紧固件5B可采用相同的直径尺寸，可提高装配效率，而且约束部件3与固定梁12固定时两侧的受力均匀。可选地，第一安装孔321A的直径和第二安装孔321B的圆弧段也可采用不同的直径。
较优地，如图28所示，各第一安装孔321A沿固定梁12延伸方向的间距相同，各第二安装孔321B沿固定梁12延伸方向的间距相同，以使约束部件3与固定梁12固定时各处受力均匀，以对约束部件3可靠地固定。可选地，各第一安装孔321A沿固定梁12延伸方向的间距也可不同，各第二安装孔321B沿固定梁12延伸方向的间距也可不同。
在一些固定方式中，参考图26，固定梁12上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔121，梁安装孔121为螺纹孔。各第一紧固件5A分别依次穿过第一安装孔321A和梁安装孔121且固定于第一安装部32A对应的固定梁12，或者各第二紧固件5B分别依次穿过第二安装孔321B和梁安装孔121且固定于对应的固定梁12。此种梁安装孔121易于加工，而且由于螺纹孔直接开设于固定梁12上，可提高约束部件3与固定梁12之间的连接强度，以对电池模组20提供更有效的约束。
在另一些固定方式中，如图26所示，固定梁12通过钣金结构弯折形成，或者如图34所示，固定梁12上设有减重槽122，使得固定梁12的顶部形成薄壁结构，不易 直接开设螺纹孔。
为此，如图28和29所示，固定梁12上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔121，梁安装孔121为光孔。电池包还包括多个拉铆螺母5C，如图31和图32，拉铆螺母5C包括第二连接段51C和第二限位段52C，各拉铆螺母5C的第二连接段51C分别对应地嵌入各梁安装孔121且与梁安装孔121连接，第二限位段52C的底部与固定梁12的顶部接触，第二限位段52C的外周可以为圆形或者六角形等。
各第一紧固件5A分别依次穿过第一安装孔321A和拉铆螺母5C的内孔且固定于对应的固定梁12，或者各第二紧固件5B依次穿过第二安装孔321B和拉铆螺母5C的内孔且固定于对应的固定梁12。
在固定梁12采用薄壁结构的情况下，通过在固定梁12上设置拉铆螺母5C，可增加螺纹孔的长度，既能减轻箱体组件1的重量，又能将束部件3可靠地固定在固定梁12上。
如图29所示，第一安装孔321A的直径和第二安装孔321B的圆弧段的直径均大于第二限位段52C的外廓尺寸。由此，在将约束部件3安装于固定梁12时，可使第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B避开第二限位段52C，以使第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B均与固定梁12的顶面充分接触，受力更加均匀。
在另一些实施例中，如图33所示，第一安装孔321A为圆孔，第二安装孔321B为沿着多根固定梁12排列方向延伸的长圆孔。受到零件配合尺寸的影响，第二紧固件5B的第一连接段51B可处于长圆孔沿延伸方向的任意位置。
此种结构能够在保证约束部件3装配时的调整量，以容许加工装配误差的情况下，限制第二紧固件5B脱出第二安装孔321B，保证第二紧固件5B与约束部件3和固定梁12的强度。而且，由于第二安装部32B远离限位部31的侧面沿整个固定梁12的延伸方向均封闭，因此可提高约束部件3的整体强度，防止约束部件3发生变形。
在描述了单个约束部件3与固定梁12的连接方式后，由于电池包中一般设置多个电池模组20，相应地也设有多个约束部件3。
在一种结构形式中，固定梁12的宽度不小于两个第一安装部32A、两个第二安装部32B或者第一安装部32A与第二安装部32B之和的宽度，以使各个约束部件3分别独立地安装于相应的固定梁12上。
在另一种结构形式中，如图34至38，对于相邻的两个约束部件3，其中一个约束部件3的第一安装部32A与另一个约束部件3的第二安装部32B通过同一组第一紧 固件5A或第二紧固件5B固定于同一根固定梁12，并且在高度方向(z向)上叠加设置。
该结构中，第一紧固件5A同时穿过第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B，第二紧固件5B也同时穿过第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B，因此，图34、37至38中将不再区分第一紧固件5A和第二紧固件5B，统一标记为第一紧固件5A。
通过将相邻两个约束部件3固定于同一根固定梁12上，可减小固定梁12的数量，可简化箱体组件1的结构，并减小固定梁12在水平面内占用的宽度。而且，固定于同一根固定梁12上的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B在高度方向上叠加设置，能够更进一步地减小固定梁12在水平面内占用的宽度，且只需锁定单个电池模组20所需要的紧固件数量就能满足相邻电池模组20的锁定，可提高电池包的能量密度与空间利用率，并提高约束部件3与固定梁12的装配效率。
而且，由于第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B具有不同的调整量，在相邻两个约束部件3的第一安装部31A和第二安装部32B在高度方向上叠加设置时，也能使第一紧固件5A顺利地同时穿过第一安装孔321A和第二安装孔321B，可降低约束部件3与固定梁12在装配时受零件加工公差的影响，易于安装第一紧固件5A。
如图34所示，第一安装部32A位于与第一安装部32A在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部32B的上方。由于第一安装部32A上设有圆孔，将第一安装部32A置于上方，可使第一紧固件5A的第一限位段在整个周向上都与第一安装部32A的顶面充分接触，使受力更加均匀，并提高约束部件3与固定梁12的连接可靠性，从而提高相邻两个约束部件3与固定梁12连接的牢固性。可选地，第一安装部32A也可位于与第一安装部32A在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部32B的下方。
将相邻两个约束部件3固定于同一根固定梁12上至少有如下两种实现结构。
在一种结构中，如图35所示，第一安装部32A的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第一距离L1，第二安装部32B的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第二距离L2；其中，第二距离L2大于第一距离L1。在相邻的两个约束部件3固定于同一根固定梁12上时，第二安装部32B位于第一安装部32A的底部。
该实施例通过对约束部件3的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B设置高度差，能够使相邻的两个约束部件3安装于同一根固定梁12上时，其中一个约束部件3的第一安装部32A与另一个约束部件3的第二安装部32B在高度方向上叠加设置。而且，电池包中各约束部件3的结构相同，并采用相同的装配方向，可减少零件种类，降低 装配难度。
在一些实施例中，如图35所示，第二安装部32B的厚度为t，满足L2-L1≥t。
若L1-L2＝t，相邻的两个约束部件3的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B恰好直接接触，无需采用调整垫片，可简化装配过程。
若L2-L1>t，相邻的两个约束部件3的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B之间具有间隙，需要根据间隙大小在第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B之间设置调整垫片，以使第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B可靠接触，提高各约束部件3与固定梁12固定的牢固性。
如图24所示，箱体11内沿长度方向(x向)间隔设有七根固定梁12，相邻两根固定梁12之间形成容置腔13，每个容置腔13内设有一个电池模组20，箱体11中共设有六个电池模组20。每个电池模组20均沿高度方向设有两层电池单体2，每层电池单体2均包括多个沿宽度方向(y向)排列的多个电池单体2，约束部件3的限位部31覆盖在相应电池模组20中最顶层的电池单体2上。可替代地，固定梁12也可沿箱体11的宽度方向设置。
为了更加清楚地反映出各约束部件3的安装关系，如图36所示，通过相邻三个约束部件3的安装为例进行说明，其余约束部件3的安装形式依此类推。
，电池包500中相邻的三个约束部件3分别为第一约束部件3A、第二约束部件3B和第三约束部件3C，第一约束部件3A、第二约束部件3B和第三约束部件3C沿多根固定梁12排列方向依次设置。其中，如图36所示，第一约束部件3A的第二安装部32B位于第二约束部件3B的第一安装部32A的下方，第二约束部件3B的第二安装部32B位于第三约束部件3C的第一安装部32A的下方。此种电池包500可使各第一安装部32A均位于与第一安装部32A在高度方向上叠加设置的第二安装部32B的上方。
在另一种结构中，如图38所示，在电池包600中，相邻的两个约束部件3分别为第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E。在第四约束部件3D中，第一安装部32A的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第一距离L1，第二安装部32B的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第一距离L1。在第五约束部件3E中，第一安装部32A的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第二距离L2，第二安装部32B的底面与限位部31的顶面之间具有第二距离L2。
其中，第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E沿多根固定梁12排列方向交替设置， 且第一距离L1大于第二距离L2。
相邻的四个约束部件3分别为沿多根固定梁12排列方向依次设置第四约束部件3D、第五约束部件3E、第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E。如图38所示，从左侧起，首个第五约束部件3E的第一安装部32A位于左侧第四约束部件3D的第二安装部32B的上方；首个第五约束部件3E的第二安装部32B位于右侧第四约束部件3D的第一安装部32A的上方；下一个第五约束部件3E的第一安装部32A位于左侧第四约束部件3D的第二安装部32B的上方，以此类推。
在高度方向上，各第五约束部件3E的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B均叠加于两侧相邻第四约束部件3D的第一安装部32A和第二安装部32B之上。
该实施例虽然设有两种尺寸的约束部件3，但是在装配时，第四约束部件3D和第五约束部件3E均没有方向要求，可降低装配难度，提高装配效率。而且，在第五约束部件3E覆盖的电池模组20出现故障时，只需将对应的第五约束部件3E拆下，就能够对电池模组20进行更换或维修；在第四约束部件3D覆盖的电池模组20出现故障时，将第四约束部件3D两侧相邻的第五约束部件3E拆下，就能够对电池模组20进行更换或维修，因此可提高对电池包中电池模组20进行维修的便捷性和效率。
上述各实施例中电池单体2可采用的结构可参考图8至图10及前面关于电池单体2的相关描述。
以上对本公开所提供的一种电池包及车辆进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体的实施例对本公开的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本公开的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开原理的前提下，还可以对本公开进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本公开权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (34)

  1. 一种电池包，包括：
    箱体组件(1)，包括箱体(11)和固定梁(12)，所述固定梁(12)固定在所述箱体(11)中；
    电池单体(2)，设在所述箱体(11)内；和
    约束部件(3)，覆盖所述电池单体(2)且与所述固定梁(12)固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，还包括外盖(4)，所述外盖(4)设在所述约束部件(3)远离所述箱体(11)的一侧，且将所述箱体(11)的开口端封闭。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池包，其中，所述固定梁(12)将所述箱体(11)分隔为多个容置腔(13)，所述电池包包括多个所述电池单体(2)，且所述多个电池单体(2)在垂直于高度方向的平面内分为多组，各组所述电池单体(2)均具有至少两个所述电池单体(2)且分别设在不同的所述容置腔(13)内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包包括多根所述固定梁(12)，各组所述电池单体(2)沿分组方向的两侧均设有所述固定梁(12)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其中，
    所述多个电池单体(2)沿所述电池包的长度方向分组，所述固定梁(12)沿着所述电池包的宽度方向延伸；和/或
    所述多个电池单体(2)沿所述电池包的宽度方向分组，所述固定梁(12)沿着所述电池包的长度方向延伸。
  6. 根据权利要求3～5任一项所述的电池包，其中，包括多个所述约束部件(3)，各个所述约束部件(3)分别覆盖不同组的所述电池单体(2)。
  7. 根据权利要求3～6任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述约束部件(3)包括：
    限位部(31)，覆盖在相应组的所述电池单体(2)上；和
    两个安装部(32)，分别连接在所述限位部(31)沿所述电池单体(2)分组方向的两侧，所述两个安装部(32)分别与相应组的所述电池单体(2)两侧的所述固定梁(12)固定。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包，其中，所述限位部(31)整体相对于所述安装部(32)朝向远离所述电池单体(2)的方向凸出。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述约束部件(3)为分体式结构，且覆盖相应所述电池单体(2)的至少部分表面。
  10. 根据权利要求2～9任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述外盖(4)的内表面与所述约束部件(3)的外表面之间具有预设间隙(L)，优选地，所述预设间隙(L)的范围为2mm～100mm。
  11. 根据权利要求3～10任一项所述的电池包，包括以下至少之一：
    第一粘接层，设于最底层的所述电池单体(2)与所述箱体(11)内底面之间；
    第二粘接层，设于各组所述电池单体(2)中的相邻两个所述电池单体(2)之间；和
    第三粘接层，设于所述约束部件(3)与最顶层的所述电池单体(2)之间。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述电池单体(2)包括：
    壳体(21)；和
    设在所述壳体(21)内的电极组件(22)，所述电极组件(22)包括第一极片(221)、第二极片(222)以及设置在所述第一极片(221)和所述第二极片(222)之间的隔膜(223)；
    其中，所述电极组件(22)为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件(22)的外表面包括两个扁平面(224)，两个所述扁平面(224)沿所述高度方向相对设置；或者，
    所述电极组件(22)为叠片式结构，所述第一极片(221)和所述第二极片(222)沿所述高度方向层叠设置。
  13. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电池包，还包括：
    压条(6)和紧固件(5)，所述安装部(32)设在所述压条(6)与所述固定梁(12)之间，所述紧固件(5)穿过所述压条(6)和所述安装部(32)且与所述固定梁(12)固定，以将所述安装部(32)固定在所述固定梁(12)上。
  14. 根据权利要求2至12任一项所述的电池包，其中，还包括密封件(7)，所述密封件(7)设在所述外盖(4)和所述箱体(11)之间，以使所述箱体(11)的开口端封闭。
  15. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电池包，其中，相邻两组的所述电池单体(2)之间设有一根所述固定梁(12)，与一根所述固定梁(12)固定的相邻两个所述安装部(32)均包括多个安装块(320)，所述多个安装块(320)沿所述固定梁(12)的延伸方向间隔设置，且所述相邻两个安装部(32)对应的所述多个安装块(320)交替设置。
  16. 根据权利要求1～14任一项所述的电池包，其中，
    所述箱体组件(1)包括多根所述固定梁(12)，各根所述固定梁(12)固定在所述箱体(11)，并将所述箱体(11)分隔为多个容置腔(13)；
    所述电池包包括多个电池模组(20)，各所述电池模组(20)均包括多个所述电池单体(2)，各所述电池模组(20)分别对应地设在各所述容置腔(13)内；和
    所述电池包包括多个所述约束部件(3)，各所述约束部件(3)均包括限位部(31)、第一安装部(32A)和第二安装部(32B)，各所述限位部(31)分别对应地覆盖在各所述电池模组(20)上，所述第一安装部(32A)和所述第二安装部(32B)分别连接在所述限位部(31)沿所述多根固定梁(12)排列方向的两侧，且分别与相应的所述电池模组(20)两侧的所述固定梁(12)固定。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池包，其中，对于相邻的两个所述约束部件(3)，其中一个所述约束部件(3)的所述第一安装部(32A)与另一个所述约束部件(3)的所述第二安装部(32B)固定于同一根所述固定梁(12)并且在高度方向上叠加设置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池包，其中，所述限位部(31)整体相对于所述第一安装部(32A)和所述第二安装部(32B)朝向远离所述电池模组(20)的方向凸出，
    所述第一安装部(32A)的底面与所述限位部(31)的顶面之间具有第一距离L1，所述第二安装部(32B)的底面与所述限位部(31)的顶面之间具有第二距离L2；
    其中，所述第一距离L1大于所述第二距离L2。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池包，其中，所述多个约束部件(3)包括相邻的三个所述约束部件(3)，分别为第一约束部件(3A)、第二约束部件(3B)和第三约束部件(3C)，所述第一约束部件(3A)、所述第二约束部件(3B)和所述第三约束部件(3C)沿所述多根固定梁(12)排列方向依次设置；
    其中，所述第一约束部件(3A)的所述第一安装部(32A)位于所述第二约束部件(3B)的所述第二安装部(32B)的下方，所述第二约束部件(3B)的所述第一安装部(32A)位于所述第三约束部件(3C)的所述第二安装部(32B)的下方。
  20. 根据权利要求17～19任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述限位部(31)整体相对于所述第一安装部(32A)和所述第二安装部(32B)朝向远离所述电池模组(20)的方向凸出，相邻的两个所述约束部件(3)分别为第四约束部件(3D)和第五约束部件(3E)，
    在所述第四约束部件(3D)中，所述第一安装部(32A)的底面与所述限位部(31)的顶面之间以及所述第二安装部(32B)的底面与所述限位部(31)的顶面之间均具有第一距离L1；
    在所述第五约束部件(3E)中，所述第一安装部(32A)的底面与所述限位部(31)的顶面之间以及所述第二安装部(32B)的底面与所述限位部(31)的顶面之间均具有第二距离L2；
    其中，所述第四约束部件(3D)和所述第五约束部件(3E)沿所述多根固定梁(12)排列方向交替设置，且所述第一距离L1大于所述第二距离L2。
  21. 根据权利要求18～20任一所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装部(32A)的厚度为t，满足L1-L2≥t。
  22. 根据权利要求17～21任一项所述的电池包，其中，还包括多个紧固件(5)，
    所述第一安装部(32A)沿所述固定梁(12)的长度方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔(321A)，与所述第一安装部(32A)在所述高度方向上叠加设置的所述第二安装部(32B)沿所述固定梁(12)的长度方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔(321B)；
    各所述紧固件(5)均依次穿设对应位置的所述第二安装孔(321B)和所述第一安装孔(321A)且与对应的所述固定梁(12)固定。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装部(32A)位于与所述第一安装部(32A)在所述高度方向上叠加设置的所述第二安装部(32B)的下方，所述第二安装孔(321B)的直径小于所述第一安装孔(321A)的直径。
  24. 根据权利要求16～23任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述限位部(31)上设有加强筋(33)。
  25. 根据权利要求16～24任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装部(32A)沿所述固定梁(12)的长度方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔(321A)，所述第二安装部(32B)沿所述固定梁(12)的长度方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔(321B)；所述电池包还包括：
    多个第一紧固件(5A)，所述多个第一紧固件(5A)分别穿过对应的所述第一安装孔(321A)且固定于与所述第一安装部(32A)对应的所述固定梁(12)；和
    多个第二紧固件(5B)，所述多个第二紧固件(5B)分别穿过对应的所述第二安装孔(321B)且固定于与所述第二安装部(32B)对应的所述固定梁(12)；
    其中，所述第一安装孔(321A)和所述第二安装孔(321B)在所述多根固定梁(12)排列方向上的调整量不同。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装孔(321A)为圆孔，所述第二安装孔(321B)在远离所述限位部(31)的侧壁上设有开口(323)，所述开口(323)在所述第二安装部(32B)的厚度方向上贯通，且在所述固定梁(12)长度方向上的尺寸不小于所述第二紧固件(5B)的第一连接段(51B)的直径。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的电池包，其中，所述第二安装孔(321B)最靠近所述限位部(31)的侧壁与所述第二安装部(32B)远离所述限位部(31)的侧面之间的距离L3大于所述第二紧固件(5B)的第一连接段(51B)的直径。
  28. 根据权利要求25～27任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装孔(321A)的直径和所述第二安装孔(321B)的圆弧段的直径相同。
  29. 根据权利要求25～28任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装孔(321A)为圆孔，所述第二安装孔(321B)为沿着所述多根固定梁(12)排列方向延伸的长圆孔。
  30. 根据权利要求25～29任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述固定梁(12)上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔(121)，所述梁安装孔(121)为螺纹孔；
    所述多个第一紧固件(5A)分别依次穿过所述第一安装孔(321A)和所述梁安装孔(121)且固定于所述第一安装部(32A)对应的所述固定梁(12)，或者所述多个第二紧固件(5B)分别依次穿过所述第二安装孔(321B)和所述梁安装孔(121)且固定于对应的所述固定梁(12)。
  31. 根据权利要求25～30任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述固定梁(12)上沿自身长度方向间隔设有多个梁安装孔(121)，所述梁安装孔(121)为光孔；
    所述电池包还包括多个拉铆螺母(5C)，所述拉铆螺母(5C)包括第二连接段(51C)和第二限位段(52C)，各所述拉铆螺母(5C)的所述第二连接段(51C)分别对应地嵌入各所述梁安装孔(121)，所述第二限位段(52C)与所述固定梁(12)的顶部接触；
    所述多个第一紧固件(5A)分别依次穿过所述第一安装孔(321A)和所述拉铆螺母(5C)的内孔且固定于对应的所述固定梁(12)，或者所述多个第二紧固件(5B)依次穿过所述第二安装孔(321B)和所述拉铆螺母(5C)的内孔且固定于对应的所述固定梁(12)。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的电池包，其中，所述第一安装孔(321A)的直径和所 述第二安装孔(321B)的圆弧段的直径均大于所述第二限位段(52C)的外廓尺寸。
  33. 根据权利要求25～32任一项所述的电池包，其中，对于相邻的两个所述约束部件(3)，其中一个所述约束部件(3)的所述第一安装部(32A)与另一个所述约束部件(3)的所述第二安装部(32B)通过同一组所述第一紧固件(5A)或第二紧固件(5B)固定于同一根所述固定梁(12)，并且在高度方向上叠加设置，所述第一安装部(32A)位于与所述第一安装部(32A)在所述高度方向上叠加设置的所述第二安装部(32B)的上方。
  34. 一种车辆，包括：
    车辆主体；和
    权利要求1～33任一所述的电池包，所述电池包设于所述车辆主体。
PCT/CN2020/097402 2019-06-27 2020-06-22 电池包及车辆 WO2020259434A1 (zh)

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