WO2020225860A1 - ヒートポンプ装置、ヒートポンプシステム、空気調和機および冷凍機 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ装置、ヒートポンプシステム、空気調和機および冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020225860A1 WO2020225860A1 PCT/JP2019/018302 JP2019018302W WO2020225860A1 WO 2020225860 A1 WO2020225860 A1 WO 2020225860A1 JP 2019018302 W JP2019018302 W JP 2019018302W WO 2020225860 A1 WO2020225860 A1 WO 2020225860A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/62—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive for raising the temperature of the motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/40—Electric motor
- F04C2240/403—Electric motor with inverter for speed control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/70—Safety, emergency conditions or requirements
- F04C2270/701—Cold start
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/004—Outdoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/005—Outdoor unit expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
- F25B2400/053—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the storage receiver and another part of the system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
- F25B2400/054—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the suction tube of the compressor and another part of the cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/16—Receivers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump device having a compressor, a heat pump system, an air conditioner and a refrigerator.
- a device having a compressor that compresses the refrigerant starts operation when the refrigerant staying in the compressor is in a laid-down state, and in order to prevent the compressor from being damaged, the compressor motor is used when the refrigerant is in the laid-down state. It has a function to heat the refrigerant by passing a current through the winding of.
- An example of a device having a compressor is a heat pump device. Heat pump devices are applied to devices such as air conditioners, heat pump water heaters, refrigerators, and freezers.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a heat pump device capable of efficiently heating the refrigerant staying in the compressor.
- the heat pump device has the effect of being able to efficiently heat the refrigerant retained in the compressor.
- the figure which shows the structural example of the direct current current part The figure which shows the structural example of the high frequency energization part
- the figure which shows an example of the operation waveform when DC energization is selected by the energization switching part The figure which shows an example of the operation waveform when high frequency energization is selected by the energization switching part.
- Explanatory drawing of change of voltage vector shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing of rotor position of IPM motor The figure which shows the current change by the rotor position of the IPM motor
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a first embodiment of the heat pump device according to the present invention.
- the compressor 1, the four-way valve 2, the heat exchanger 3, the expansion mechanism 4, and the heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected via the refrigerant pipe 6. Equipped with a refrigeration cycle.
- a compression mechanism 7 for compressing the refrigerant and a motor 8 for operating the compression mechanism 7 are provided inside the compressor 1, a compression mechanism 7 for compressing the refrigerant and a motor 8 for operating the compression mechanism 7 are provided inside the compressor 1, a compression mechanism 7 for compressing the refrigerant and a motor 8 for operating the compression mechanism 7 are provided.
- the motor 8 is a three-phase motor having three-phase windings of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase.
- the inverter 9 that applies a voltage to the motor 8 to drive it is electrically connected to the motor 8.
- the inverter 9 uses the bus voltage Vdc, which is a DC voltage, as a power source, and applies voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the motor 8, respectively.
- the inverter control unit 10 is electrically connected to the inverter 9, and the inverter control unit 10 has a normal operation mode control unit 11 corresponding to two operation modes, a normal operation mode and a heating operation mode, and heating.
- the operation mode control unit 12 is provided.
- the inverter control unit 10 controls the inverter 9 so that the motor 8 is rotationally driven when operating in the normal operation mode. Further, the inverter control unit 10 controls the inverter 9 so as to heat the compressor without rotating the motor 8 when operating in the heating operation mode.
- the inverter control unit 10 outputs a signal for driving the inverter 9, for example, a PWM signal which is a pulse width modulation signal, to the inverter 9.
- the inverter control unit 10 can be configured by a discrete system such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and a microcomputer (microcomputer).
- the inverter control unit 10 may also be composed of electric circuit elements such as analog circuits and digital circuits.
- the normal operation mode control unit 11 outputs a PWM signal so that the inverter 9 rotates and drives the motor 8.
- the heating operation mode control unit 12 includes a heating determination unit 14, a direct current current-carrying unit 15, and a high-frequency current-carrying unit 16, so that, unlike the normal operation mode, the motor 8 can receive a direct current or a high-frequency current that the motor 8 cannot follow. By heating the motor 8 without rotating it by flowing it, the liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 is warmed and vaporized to discharge the liquid refrigerant.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the inverter 9 in the first embodiment.
- the inverter 9 three series connection portions of two switching elements (91a and 91d, 91b and 91e, 91c and 91f) are connected in parallel using the bus voltage Vdc as a power source, and in parallel with each of the switching elements 91a to 91f. It is a circuit including the connected recirculation diodes 92a to 92f.
- the inverter 9 has switching elements (UP: 91a, VP: 91b, WP: 91c, UN: 91d, VN) corresponding to each of the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN sent from the inverter control unit 10.
- Is 91e and WN is 91f) to generate three-phase voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, which are applied to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the motor 8.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the heating operation mode control unit 12 and the drive signal generation unit 13 of the inverter control unit 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the inverter control unit 10 includes a heating operation mode control unit 12 and a drive signal generation unit 13.
- the heating operation mode control unit 12 includes a heating determination unit 14, a direct current energizing unit 15, and a high frequency energizing unit 16.
- the heating determination unit 14 includes a heating command unit 17 and an energization switching unit 18.
- the heating command unit 17 obtains the required heating amount H * required for expelling the sleeping refrigerant.
- the DC energizing unit 15 generates a DC voltage command Vdc * and a DC phase command ⁇ dc based on the required heating amount H *.
- the high-frequency energizing unit 16 generates a high-frequency voltage command Vac * and a high-frequency phase command ⁇ ac for generating a high-frequency AC voltage based on the required heating amount H *.
- the heating command unit 17 sends a switching signal to the energization switching unit 18 to select either Vdc * and ⁇ dc or Vac * and ⁇ ac to generate a drive signal as a voltage command V * and a phase command ⁇ . It controls whether to transmit a signal to the unit 13.
- the drive signal generation unit 13 is composed of a voltage command generation unit 19 and a PWM signal generation unit 20.
- the voltage command generation unit 19 generates three-phase (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * based on the voltage command V * and the phase command ⁇ .
- the PWM signal generation unit 20 generates PWM signals (UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN) for driving the inverter 9 based on the three-phase voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, Vw * and the bus voltage Vdc. By doing so, a voltage is applied to the motor 8 to heat the compressor 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the heating determination unit 14 of the first embodiment.
- the heating determination unit 14 is composed of a heating command unit 17 and an energization switching unit 18, and the heating command unit 17 includes a temperature detection unit 21, a sleep amount estimation unit 22, a sleep amount detection unit 23, a sleep determination switching unit 24, and heating. It includes a possibility determination unit 25, a heating command calculation unit 26, and an energization switching determination unit 27.
- the temperature detection unit 21 detects the outside air temperature (Tc) and the temperature (To) of the compressor 1.
- the sleeping amount estimation unit 22 estimates the amount of liquid refrigerant retained in the compressor 1 based on the outside air temperature and the temperature of the compressor 1 (compressor temperature).
- the compressor 1 has the largest heat capacity in the refrigeration cycle, and the compressor temperature rises with a delay as the outside air temperature rises, so that the temperature becomes the lowest in the refrigeration cycle. Therefore, the temperature relationship is as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of time changes between the outside air temperature, the compressor temperature, and the amount of refrigerant sunk.
- the sleeping amount estimation unit 22 can estimate the refrigerant sleeping amount per hour from the relationship between the outside air temperature and the compressor temperature obtained experimentally, for example. For example, the amount of sleep is estimated based on the difference between the outside air temperature and the compressor temperature and the amount of change in the compressor temperature from the start of heating. Even if only the outside air temperature is detected, if the heat capacity of the compressor 1 is known, it is possible to estimate how much the compressor temperature changes with respect to the change in the outside air temperature.
- the amount of sleep detection unit 23 it is possible to grasp the amount of sleep more accurately by directly detecting the amount of sleep of the refrigerant.
- the sensor for detecting the amount of stagnation there are a capacitance sensor for measuring the amount of liquid, a sensor for measuring the distance between the upper part of the compressor 1 and the liquid level of the refrigerant by a laser, sound, electromagnetic wave, or the like.
- the output of the sleep amount estimation unit 22 and the sleep amount detection unit 23 may be configured to be selected by the sleep determination switching unit 24, and of course, both sleep amounts are used for control. There is no problem even if you do.
- the heating possibility determination unit 25 outputs an ON signal (indicating that the heating operation is performed) when it is determined that heating is necessary based on the amount of sleep output of the sleep determination switching unit 24, and heats the product. When it is determined that it is unnecessary, an OFF signal (indicating that the heating operation is not performed) is output. Further, the heating command calculation unit 26 calculates a required heating amount H * indicating a heating amount required to expel the laid-down refrigerant according to the sleeping amount.
- the required heating amount H * varies depending on the type and size of the compressor 1. If the required heating amount H * is large or if the material or shape is difficult to transfer heat, setting the required heating amount H * high ensures that the liquid refrigerant is discharged. It becomes possible to do.
- the energization switching determination unit 27 outputs a signal for switching to DC energization to the energization switching unit 18 when the required heating amount H * is equal to or higher than a predetermined switching threshold value, and when the required heating amount H * is smaller than the switching threshold value.
- the energization method is switched.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the DC energizing unit 15.
- the DC energization unit 15 is composed of a DC voltage command calculation unit 28 and a DC phase command calculation unit 29.
- the DC voltage command calculation unit 28 outputs the DC voltage command Vdc * required for heat generation based on the required heating amount H *.
- the DC voltage command calculation unit 28 can store the relationship between the required heating amount H * and the DC voltage command Vdc * in advance as table data, and can obtain the DC voltage command Vdc *.
- the required heating amount H * is described as an input, a more accurate value can be obtained by obtaining the DC voltage command Vdc * by further inputting various data such as the outside air temperature, the compressor temperature, and the compressor structure information. Needless to say, it is possible to obtain it and improve its reliability.
- the DC phase command calculation unit 29 obtains the DC phase command ⁇ dc for energizing the motor 8.
- ⁇ dc is set to a fixed value in order to apply a DC voltage
- the compressor 1 can be heated by heat generation due to copper loss proportional to R and Idc due to the resistance R of the windings constituting the motor 8 by passing a direct current Idc through the motor 8.
- a direct current Idc By driving the inverter 9 so as to increase the direct current Idc, a large amount of heat can be obtained, and the liquefied refrigerant can be discharged in a short time.
- the resistance R of the winding of the motor 8 tends to be small due to the high efficiency design, and in order to obtain the same calorific value, it is necessary to increase the Idc by the amount of the small R, and as a result, the inverter. Since the current flowing through the 9 becomes large, not only the heat generation of the inverter 9 due to the deterioration of the loss is feared, but also the power consumption increases, so that it is difficult to energize the DC for a long time.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the high-frequency energizing unit 16.
- the high frequency energization unit 16 is composed of a high frequency voltage command calculation unit 30 and a high frequency phase command calculation unit 31.
- the high frequency voltage command calculation unit 30 outputs the high frequency voltage command Vac * required for heat generation based on the required heating amount H *.
- the high-frequency voltage command calculation unit 30 can obtain the high-frequency voltage command Vac * by storing, for example, the relationship between the required heating amount H * and the high-frequency voltage command Vac * in advance as table data. Although the required heating amount H * is input, more accurate values can be obtained by obtaining the high-frequency voltage command Vac * from various data such as the outside air temperature, compressor temperature, and compressor structure information. It goes without saying that it is possible to improve the sex.
- the high frequency phase command calculation unit 31 obtains the high frequency phase command ⁇ ac for energizing the motor 8.
- iron such as eddy current loss and hysteresis loss occurs in the magnetic material that is the material of the stator and rotor that make up the motor 8. It is possible to heat the motor 8 by generating a loss. Further, when the angular frequency ⁇ of the high-frequency current is increased, not only the amount of heat generated can be increased by increasing the iron loss, but also the impedance due to the inductance L of the motor 8 can be increased, and the high-frequency current Iac flowing can also be increased. Can be suppressed.
- the liquid refrigerant when the required heating amount H * is large, the liquid refrigerant can be discharged in a short time by increasing the heating amount by performing direct current energization.
- the required heating amount H * is small, high-frequency energization is performed to reduce power consumption, which enables reliable discharge of liquid refrigerant, improving reliability and reducing power consumption. It enables operation that contributes to the prevention of climate change. Therefore, the energization switching determination unit 27 switches to DC energization by the energization switching unit 18 when the required heating amount H * is equal to or higher than the switching threshold value, and when the required heating amount H * is smaller than the switching threshold value, the energization switching unit 27.
- the above-mentioned effect can be obtained by configuring the configuration to obtain the voltage command V * and the phase command ⁇ by switching to high-frequency energization according to 18.
- Vu * V * ⁇ cos ⁇ ...
- Vv * V * ⁇ cos ( ⁇ - (2/3) ⁇ )...
- Vw * V * ⁇ cos ( ⁇ + (2/3) ⁇ )... (3)
- the voltage command generation unit 19 calculates the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * according to the equations (1) to (3) based on the voltage command V * and the phase command ⁇ , and the calculated voltage command Vu *. , Vv *, Vw * are output to the PWM signal generation unit 20.
- the PWM signal generation unit 20 compares the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, Vw * with the carrier signal (reference signal) having an amplitude Vdc / 2 at a predetermined frequency, and based on the mutual magnitude relationship, the PWM signal UP, VP , WP, UN, VN, WN are generated.
- the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * are obtained by simple trigonometric functions, but in addition, two-phase modulation, third-order harmonic modulation, and spatial vector modulation are used. There is no problem even if the method of obtaining the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, Vw * such as is used.
- UP is a voltage that turns on the switching element 91a
- UN is a voltage that turns off the switching element 91d.
- VP and VN are determined by comparing the voltage command Vv * with the carrier signal
- WP and WN are determined by comparing the voltage command Vw * with the carrier signal.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of eight switching patterns in the first embodiment.
- the voltage vectors generated in each switching pattern are designated by V0 to V7.
- the voltage direction of each voltage vector is represented by ⁇ U, ⁇ V, ⁇ W (0 when no voltage is generated).
- + U is a voltage that flows into the motor 8 via the U phase and flows out from the motor 8 via the V phase and the W phase
- ⁇ U is a voltage that generates a current in the U phase direction
- ⁇ U is the V phase.
- It is a voltage that generates a current in the ⁇ U phase direction that flows into the motor 8 via the W phase and flows out from the motor 8 via the U phase.
- the directions of ⁇ V and ⁇ W are shown in each phase.
- the inverter 9 can output a desired voltage.
- the refrigerant of the compressor 1 When the refrigerant of the compressor 1 is compressed by the motor 8 (normal operation mode), it generally operates at several tens to several kHz or less.
- the applied voltage in the normal operation mode is several tens to several kHz
- a DC voltage can be generated to heat the compressor 1 by setting the phase ⁇ to a fixed value, and the phase ⁇ can be heated.
- a high frequency voltage high frequency AC voltage
- the high frequency voltage may be applied to three phases or two phases.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an operation waveform when DC energization is selected by the energization switching unit 18.
- the upper limit of the carrier frequency which is the frequency of the carrier signal, is determined by the switching speed of the switching element of the inverter. Therefore, it is difficult to output a high frequency voltage higher than the carrier frequency.
- the upper limit of the switching speed is about 20 kHz.
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage becomes about 1/10 of the carrier frequency
- the waveform output accuracy of the high frequency voltage deteriorates, and there is a risk of adverse effects such as superposition of DC components.
- the carrier frequency is set to 20 kHz and the frequency of the high frequency voltage is set to 2 kHz or less, which is 1/10 of the carrier frequency
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage becomes an audible frequency region, and there is a concern about noise deterioration.
- the high-frequency energizing unit 16 adds the output of the high-frequency phase switching unit 32 that switches between 0 ° and 180 ° to the output of the high-frequency phase command calculation unit 31 to obtain the high-frequency phase command ⁇ ac. It may be configured to output.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of such a high-frequency energizing unit 16.
- the high-frequency phase command calculation unit 31 outputs a fixed value and outputs only which phase of the motor 8 is energized.
- the high-frequency phase switching unit 32 switches between 0 ° and 180 ° at the timing of the top or bottom of the carrier signal, and outputs positive and negative voltages in synchronization with the carrier signal to enable voltage output at a frequency equivalent to the carrier frequency. And.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the operation of the inverter control unit 10.
- FIG. 12 shows the operation of the inverter control unit 10 when the voltage command V * is set to an arbitrary value and the output of the high frequency phase command calculation unit 31 is set to 0 °.
- the high-frequency phase command ⁇ ac switches between 0 ° and 180 ° at the timing of the top or bottom, top and bottom of the carrier signal, so that a PWM signal synchronized with the carrier signal can be output.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the change in the voltage vector shown in FIG.
- the switching element 91 surrounded by the broken line is on, and the switching element 91 not surrounded by the broken line is off.
- the lines of the motor 8 are short-circuited and no voltage is output. In this case, the energy stored in the inductance of the motor 8 becomes a current and flows in the short-circuit circuit.
- V4 vector when the V4 vector is applied, a current in the U phase (+ Iu current) that flows into the motor 8 via the U phase and flows out from the motor 8 via the V phase and the W phase flows, and when the V3 vector is applied, V A current in the ⁇ U phase direction (current of ⁇ Iu) that flows into the motor 8 via the phase and the W phase and flows out from the motor 8 via the U phase flows through the winding of the motor 8. That is, a current flows in the winding of the motor 8 in the opposite directions when the V4 vector is applied and when the V3 vector is applied.
- V4 vector (+ Iu current) and the V3 vector (-Iu current) are output alternately, the forward and reverse torques are switched instantly. Therefore, it is possible to apply a voltage that suppresses the vibration of the rotor by canceling the torque.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a rotor position (rotor stop position) of an IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) motor.
- IPM Interior Permanent Magnet
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a current change depending on the rotor position of the IPM motor.
- the motor 8 is an IPM motor
- the winding inductance depends on the rotor position. Therefore, the winding impedance represented by the product of the electric angular frequency ⁇ and the inductance value fluctuates according to the rotor position. Therefore, even when the same voltage is applied, the current flowing through the winding of the motor 8 fluctuates depending on the rotor position, and the heating amount changes.
- a large amount of electric power may be consumed in order to obtain the required amount of heating.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an applied voltage when ⁇ f is changed with the passage of time.
- ⁇ f is changed by 45 ° such as 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, ... With the passage of time. If ⁇ f is 0 °, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is 0 ° and 180 °, if ⁇ f is 45 °, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is 45 ° and 225 °, and if ⁇ f is 90 °.
- the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is 90 ° and 270 °, and if ⁇ f is 135 °, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is 135 ° and 315 °.
- ⁇ f is set to 0 °, and the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is switched between 0 ° and 180 ° in synchronization with the carrier signal for a predetermined time. After that, ⁇ f is switched to 45 °, and the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is switched between 45 ° and 225 ° in synchronization with the carrier signal for a predetermined time. After that, ⁇ f is switched to 90 °, and so on, at predetermined time intervals, 0 ° and 180 °, 45 ° and 225 °, 90 ° and 270 °, 135 ° and 315 °, ... And the phase ⁇ of the voltage command are switched.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the current flowing through each phase of the UVW of the motor 8 when ⁇ f is 0 ° (0 ° in the U phase (V4) direction), 30 °, and 60 °.
- ⁇ f is 0 °
- another voltage vector one positive voltage side and two negative voltage sides of the switching elements 91a to 91f, or two positive voltage sides
- V0 and V7 another voltage vector
- only one voltage vector voltage vector in which one on the negative voltage side is turned on
- the current waveform is trapezoidal and the current has few harmonic components.
- the current waveform has a trapezoidal shape, and the current has few harmonic components.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is other than n times 60 °, the phase ⁇ of the voltage command is not a multiple of 60 °, so that two other voltage vectors are generated between V0 and V7. If two other voltage vectors are generated between V0 and V7, the current waveform is distorted and a current having a large amount of harmonic components is generated, which may adversely affect motor noise, motor shaft vibration, and the like. Therefore, it is desirable that the reference phase ⁇ f is changed in steps of n times 60 ° such as 0 °, 60 °, ....
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the inverter control unit 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the heating determination unit 14 determines whether to operate the heating operation mode by the above-described operation while the operation of the compressor 1 is stopped (step S1: heating determination step).
- step S1 Yes When the heating possibility determination unit 25 determines that the heating operation mode is to be operated (step S1 Yes), it notifies that the heating mode is in operation mode information.
- step S2 when it is determined whether or not the required heating amount H *, which is the output of the heating command calculation unit 26, is equal to or greater than the threshold value (step S2: energization switching step), the required heating amount H * is equal to or greater than the threshold value (step S2: energization switching step).
- step S2 Yes the energization switching unit 18 switches to direct current energization, Vdc * and ⁇ dc are set to V * and ⁇ , and the voltage command generation unit 19 calculates the voltage commands Vu *, Vv * and Vw * (step S3). ).
- the PWM signal generation unit 20 compares the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, Vw * output by the voltage command generation unit 19 with the carrier signal, and obtains the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN. Then, the output is output to the inverter 9 (step S4), and the process returns to step S1.
- step S1 No If the heating possibility determination unit 25 determines in step S1 that the heating operation mode is not operated (step S1 No), the process returns to step S1 and determines whether to operate the heating operation mode again after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- step S2 When it is determined in step S2 that the required heating amount H * is less than the threshold value (step S2 No), the energization switching unit 18 switches to high frequency energization, Vac * and ⁇ ac are set to V * and ⁇ , and the voltage command generation unit 19 The voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * are calculated according to (step S5), and the process proceeds to step S4.
- the switching elements 91a to 91f of the inverter 9 are driven to pass a direct current or a high frequency current to the motor 8.
- the motor 8 When DC energization is selected, the motor 8 generates heat due to copper loss due to the DC current, and it is possible to input a large amount of electric power. Therefore, the motor 8 can be heated in a short time, and the liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 is heated and vaporized, and can be leaked to the outside of the compressor 1 in a short time.
- the motor 8 can efficiently heat the motor 8 not only by iron loss due to high frequency current but also by copper loss due to current flowing through the winding. Therefore, the motor 8 can be heated with the minimum necessary power consumption, and the liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 can be heated and vaporized and leaked to the outside of the compressor 1.
- the heat pump device 100 when the liquid refrigerant is retained in the compressor 1, a current having a frequency outside the audible frequency is passed through the motor 8 by direct current energization or high frequency energization.
- the motor 8 is efficiently heated by switching between direct current energization when the required heating amount is large, high-frequency energization with high efficiency when the required heating amount is small, and energization as necessary. it can.
- the refrigerant retained in the compressor 1 can be efficiently heated, and the retained refrigerant can be leaked to the outside of the compressor 1.
- the rotor of the motor 8 can be fixed in a predetermined position by DC excitation because the DC current flows through the motor 8, so that the rotor does not rotate or vibrate.
- the frequency of the voltage output by the inverter 9 is equal to or higher than the operating frequency during the compression operation.
- the operating frequency during compression operation is at most 1 kHz. Therefore, a high frequency voltage of 1 kHz or more may be applied to the motor 8. Further, when a high frequency voltage of 14 kHz or more is applied to the motor 8, the vibration sound of the iron core of the motor 8 approaches the upper limit of the audible frequency, which is effective in reducing noise. Therefore, for example, the output is made so that the high frequency voltage is about 20 kHz, which is outside the audible frequency.
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage exceeds the maximum rated frequency of the switching elements 91a to 91f, the load or power supply short circuit may occur due to the destruction of the switching elements 91a to 91f, which may lead to smoke or ignition. Therefore, in order to ensure reliability, it is desirable that the frequency of the high frequency voltage be equal to or lower than the maximum rated frequency.
- a motor having an IPM structure and a centralized winding motor having a small coil end and low winding resistance are widely used in order to improve efficiency. Since the centralized winding motor has a small winding resistance and a small amount of heat generated by copper loss, it is necessary to pass a large amount of current through the winding. When a large amount of current is passed through the winding, the current flowing through the inverter 9 also increases, and the inverter loss increases.
- the inductance component due to the high frequency becomes large and the winding impedance becomes high. Therefore, although the current flowing through the winding is reduced and the copper loss is reduced, iron loss due to the application of the high frequency voltage is generated by that amount, and the heating can be effectively performed. Further, since the current flowing through the winding is reduced, the current flowing through the inverter 9 is also reduced, the loss of the inverter 9 can be reduced, and more efficient heating becomes possible.
- the inverter control unit 10 may be operated so that direct current and high frequency current flow at the same time.
- the above-mentioned merit of direct current energization is large heating amount and high frequency energization. It is possible to energize with a small loss, which is a merit.
- a mechanism for switching the connection of the motor winding may be provided to make the impedance variable. In this case, it is possible to increase the amount of heating by lowering the impedance, and by increasing the impedance, the voltage required to obtain heating becomes relatively high, so the actual vector width becomes wider and the accuracy becomes higher. It becomes possible to control.
- the heat pump device 100 controls to periodically change the carrier frequency in the heating operation mode.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of control of the carrier frequency by the inverter control unit 10 of the heat pump device 100 according to the first embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 19 shows an example in which the center of the carrier frequency of the inverter 9 is 16 kHz, the amplitude is 2 kHz, and the period is changed in a sinusoidal manner at 1/500 s. In the example shown in FIG. 19, since the amplitude is 2 kHz, the carrier frequency changes periodically in a 1/500 s cycle between 14 kHz and 18 kHz.
- the average value of the output power is close to the case where the operation is performed with the center value (16 kHz) of the carrier frequency constant. Therefore, it is possible to control the amount of heating.
- the carrier frequency variable it is possible to disperse the peak of noise caused by the carrier frequency and suppress the noise. Therefore, by changing the carrier frequency with the center value of the carrier frequency within the audible range (16 kHz or less), it is possible to suppress noise and increase the amount of heating at the same time.
- FIG. 19 shows an example in which the carrier frequency is changed when the amplitude is 2 kHz and the period is 1/500 s, but the present invention is not limited to this. If both the amplitude and the period are too small, the effect of dispersing the carrier components cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, it is effective that the amplitude and the period are large to some extent according to the center value of the carrier frequency.
- the amplitude and frequency are preferably set in consideration of the performance of a controller such as a CPU that realizes the inverter control unit 10.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing another example of controlling the carrier frequency by the inverter control unit 10 of the heat pump device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 shows an example in which the carrier frequency of the inverter 9 is changed in the synthesis cycle of a plurality of frequencies. More specifically, FIG. 20 shows a combined period of two sine waves having a center frequency of 16 kHz, specifically, a first sine wave (1f) having a period of 1 / 250s and a period of 1 / 500s. An example of changing the carrier frequency to a combined wave shape with the second sine wave (2f) is shown. Since the amplitude of the composite waveform is 2 kHz, the carrier frequency changes periodically in a period of 1/250 s between 14 kHz and 18 kHz.
- each amplitude is adjusted so that the peak value of the composite waveform, that is, the amplitude is 2 kHz.
- the carrier frequency by controlling the carrier frequency to be changed by the combined frequency of a sine wave having a plurality of frequencies, the peak of the sound (beat due to the pulsation of the current peak) caused by the modulation frequency of the carrier frequency is scattered. It is possible to suppress noise.
- the carrier frequency is controlled so as to be the composite frequency of two frequencies having the same peak value and the phase overlap at 0 ° is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the peak values and phases of the two frequencies may be different, and the number of frequencies to be combined may be increased. The larger the number of frequencies to be combined, the easier it is for the noise peaks to be dispersed.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and there is no problem even if the carrier frequency is changed in a shape such as a triangular wave, a sawtooth wave, a trapezoidal wave, or a square wave. That is, the effect can be obtained as long as it has a periodicity that is point-symmetrical at the carrier center value of half a cycle, and among them, a waveform that continuously changes within one cycle is preferable. This is because it is difficult for peaks to occur due to the concentration of switching at close carrier frequencies in a short period of time.
- This also applies to the control as shown in FIG. 20, that is, the case where the carrier frequency is controlled so that the shape representing the change in the carrier frequency becomes a shape obtained by synthesizing a plurality of periodic waveforms having different frequencies.
- the carrier frequency As described in the present embodiment, it is possible to disperse noise, and it is possible to obtain a peak suppression effect.
- the effect of suppressing this peak tends to be large when the modulation frequency of the carrier frequency is high (the period is short). This is because it is difficult for peaks to occur due to the concentration of switching of close carrier frequencies in a short period of time.
- the carrier frequency may be calculated every time the change is made, but it is possible to suppress the amount of calculation processing by tabulating the carrier frequency and reading it from the table according to the phase information of the period. .. Further, it may be patterned and controlled in advance from the relationship between the center value of the carrier frequency and the waveform representing the shape of the change in the carrier frequency. In that case, since one of the prepared plurality of patterns can be read and controlled according to the read pattern, the amount of arithmetic processing can be further suppressed.
- Switching elements and diode elements formed by such wide bandgap semiconductors have high withstand voltage resistance and high allowable current density. Therefore, the switching element and the diode element can be miniaturized, and by using these the miniaturized switching element and the diode element, the semiconductor module incorporating these elements can be miniaturized.
- switching elements and diode elements formed by such wide bandgap semiconductors have high heat resistance. Therefore, the heat radiation fins of the heat sink can be miniaturized and the water-cooled portion can be air-cooled, so that the semiconductor module can be further miniaturized.
- switching elements and diode elements formed by such wide bandgap semiconductors have low power loss. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the switching element and the diode element, and by extension, the efficiency of the semiconductor module can be improved.
- the wide bandgap semiconductor has a high switching speed and can control the on / off width (duty) with high accuracy, so the output voltage can be controlled with high accuracy even in a motor with low impedance.
- both the switching element and the diode element are formed of a wide bandgap semiconductor, but one of the elements may be formed of a wide bandgap semiconductor, and the effects described in this embodiment can be obtained. Obtainable.
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effective Transistor, metal oxide film semiconductor field effect transistor
- the voltage command V * may be adjusted so as not to exceed 50 W in advance, or feedback control may be performed so as to detect the flowing current or voltage and reduce the voltage to 50 W or less.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a second embodiment of the heat pump device according to the present invention.
- the heat pump device 100 described in the first embodiment is mounted on an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, a refrigerator, or the like will be described.
- FIG. 22 is a Moriel diagram showing the state of the refrigerant in the heat pump device 100 shown in FIG. 21.
- the horizontal axis represents the specific enthalpy and the vertical axis represents the refrigerant pressure.
- the compressor 51, the heat exchanger 52, the expansion mechanism 53, the receiver 54, the internal heat exchanger 55, the expansion mechanism 56, and the heat exchanger 57 are connected by piping.
- a main refrigerant circuit 58 that is sequentially connected and circulates the refrigerant is provided.
- a four-way valve 59 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 51 so that the circulation direction of the refrigerant can be switched.
- a fan 60 is provided in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 57.
- the compressor 51 is the compressor 1 described in the above embodiment, and is a compressor having a motor 8 driven by an inverter 9 and a compression mechanism 7.
- the heat pump device 100 includes an injection circuit 62 that connects between the receiver 54 and the internal heat exchanger 55 to the injection pipe of the compressor 51 by piping.
- the expansion mechanism 61 and the internal heat exchanger 55 are sequentially connected to the injection circuit 62.
- a water circuit 63 through which water circulates is connected to the heat exchanger 52.
- a device that uses water, such as a water heater, a radiator, or a radiator such as a floor heater, is connected to the water circuit 63.
- the four-way valve 59 is set in the solid line direction.
- the heating operation includes not only the heating used for air conditioning but also the hot water supply that heats the water to produce hot water.
- the gas phase refrigerant (point 1 in FIG. 22) that has become high temperature and high pressure in the compressor 51 is discharged from the compressor 51 and heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 52 that is a condenser and a radiator to liquefy (FIG. 22). Point 2). At this time, the heat radiated from the refrigerant warms the water circulating in the water circuit 63 and is used for heating and hot water supply.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger 52 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 53 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 3 in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 53 exchanges heat with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 51 by the receiver 54, and is cooled and liquefied (point 4 in FIG. 22).
- the liquid phase refrigerant liquefied by the receiver 54 branches into the main refrigerant circuit 58 and the injection circuit 62 and flows.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant circuit 58 is further cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62, which has been decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61 and is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, by the internal heat exchanger 55 (FIG. 22). Point 5).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant cooled by the internal heat exchanger 55 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 56 to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 6 in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 is heat-exchanged with the outside air by the heat exchanger 57 which is an evaporator, and is heated (point 7 in FIG. 22). Then, the refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger 57 is further heated by the receiver 54 (point 8 in FIG. 22) and sucked into the compressor 51.
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 is depressurized by the expansion mechanism 61 (point 9 in FIG. 22) and heat exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 (point 10 in FIG. 22).
- the gas-liquid two-phase state refrigerant (injection refrigerant) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 flows into the compressor 51 from the injection pipe of the compressor 51 in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the refrigerant sucked from the main refrigerant circuit 58 (point 8 in FIG. 22) is compressed and heated to an intermediate pressure (point 11 in FIG. 22).
- the injection refrigerant (point 10 in FIG. 22) joins the refrigerant compressed and heated to the intermediate pressure (point 11 in FIG. 22), and the temperature drops (point 12 in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant whose temperature has dropped (point 12 in FIG. 22) is further compressed and heated to a high temperature and high pressure, and is discharged (point 1 in FIG. 22).
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is fully closed. That is, when the injection operation is performed, the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is larger than the predetermined opening degree, but when the injection operation is not performed, the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is set to be larger than the predetermined opening degree. Make it smaller. As a result, the refrigerant does not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 51.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is electronically controlled by a control unit such as a microcomputer.
- the four-way valve 59 is set in the direction of the broken line. It should be noted that this cooling operation includes not only cooling used for air conditioning, but also taking heat from water to make cold water, freezing, and the like.
- the gas phase refrigerant (point 1 in FIG. 22) that has become high temperature and high pressure in the compressor 51 is discharged from the compressor 51 and heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 57 that is a condenser and a radiator to liquefy (FIG. 22).
- Point 2 The liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger 57 is depressurized by the expansion mechanism 56 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 3 in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55, cooled and liquefied (point 4 in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 and the liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the internal heat exchanger 55 are decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61 to be in the gas-liquid two-phase state. It exchanges heat with the refrigerant (point 9 in FIG. 22).
- the liquid phase refrigerant (point 4 in FIG. 22) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 branches into the main refrigerant circuit 58 and the injection circuit 62 and flows.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant circuit 58 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 51 by the receiver 54 and further cooled (point 5 in FIG. 22).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant cooled by the receiver 54 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 53 to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 6 in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 53 is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 52 that serves as an evaporator and heated (point 7 in FIG. 22). At this time, the refrigerant absorbs heat, so that the water circulating in the water circuit 63 is cooled and used for cooling and freezing.
- the heat pump device 100 of the present embodiment constitutes a heat pump system together with a fluid utilization device that utilizes water (fluid) circulating in the water circuit 63, and this heat pump system is an air conditioner and a heat pump hot water supply. It can be used for machines, refrigerators, refrigerators, etc.
- the refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger 52 is further heated by the receiver 54 (point 8 in FIG. 22) and sucked into the compressor 51.
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 is depressurized by the expansion mechanism 61 (point 9 in FIG. 22) and heat exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 (point 10 in FIG. 22).
- the gas-liquid two-phase state refrigerant (injection refrigerant) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 flows in from the injection pipe of the compressor 51 in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the compression operation in the compressor 51 is the same as in the heating operation.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is fully closed to prevent the refrigerant from flowing into the injection pipe of the compressor 51, as in the heating operation.
- the heat exchanger 52 is described as a heat exchanger such as a plate type heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the water circulating in the water circuit 63.
- the heat exchanger 52 is not limited to this, and may be a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and air.
- the water circuit 63 may not be a circuit in which water circulates, but a circuit in which another fluid circulates.
- the heat pump device 100 can be used for a heat pump device using an inverter compressor such as an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator.
- an inverter compressor such as an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator.
- the configuration shown in the above-described embodiment shows an example of the content of the present invention, can be combined with another known technique, and is one of the configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明にかかるヒートポンプ装置の実施の形態1の構成例を示す図である。図1に示すように、本実施の形態のヒートポンプ装置100は、圧縮機1、四方弁2、熱交換器3、膨張機構4および熱交換器5が、冷媒配管6を介して順次接続された冷凍サイクル、を備える。圧縮機1の内部には冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機構7と、この圧縮機構7を動作させるモータ8とが設けられている。モータ8は、U相、V相、W相の三相の巻線を有する三相モータである。
Vu*=V*×cosθ …(1)
Vv*=V*×cos(θ-(2/3)π) …(2)
Vw*=V*×cos(θ+(2/3)π) …(3)
図21は、本発明にかかるヒートポンプ装置の実施の形態2の構成例を示す図である。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1で説明したヒートポンプ装置100を空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、冷凍機等に搭載する際の具体的な構成および動作の一例について説明する。
Claims (14)
- 冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
前記圧縮機を駆動するモータと、
前記モータに所望の電圧を印加するインバータと、
前記インバータを駆動するパルス幅変調信号を生成し、運転モードとして、前記圧縮機を加熱運転する加熱運転モードと前記圧縮機を通常運転して冷媒を圧縮する通常運転モードとを有し、前記加熱運転モードにおいてキャリア信号の周波数であるキャリア周波数を周期的に変化させるインバータ制御部と、
を備えるヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記インバータ制御部は、前記キャリア信号の山もしくは谷のいずれか一方のタイミングで前記キャリア周波数を変化させる請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記キャリア周波数を、周期的な複数の波形を合成して得られる合成波形に従って変化させる請求項1または2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記キャリア周波数を、周期の異なる複数の波形を合成して得られる合成波形に従って変化させる請求項1または2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記キャリア周波数の変化の形状を表す複数パターンの波形が登録されたテーブルを保持し、テーブルに登録された波形に従ってキャリア周波数を変化させる請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記加熱運転モードにおいて、前記モータの巻線のうち二相または三相に前記通常運転モードにおける運転周波数より高い周波数の高周波交流電圧を印加するよう電圧指令と三角波キャリア信号との比較によりパルス幅変調信号を生成し、前記電圧指令はキャリア信号の山および谷のタイミングで、前記モータに印加する電圧の基準位相に対して略0°と略180°の位相差を持った電圧位相を交互に切替える請求項1から5のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータ制御部は、前記加熱運転モードにおいて、高周波交流電圧を前記モータの巻線に印加する高周波通電と、前記モータの巻線に直流電流を印加する直流通電とを必要加熱量に応じて切替える請求項6に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータを構成するスイッチング素子は、ワイドギャップ半導体である請求項1から7のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータを構成するダイオードは、ワイドギャップ半導体である請求項1から8のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記ワイドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料又はダイヤモンドのいずれかである請求項8または9に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータを構成するスイッチング素子は、スーパージャンクション構造の金属酸化膜半導体電界効果型トランジスタである請求項1から7のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機構を有する圧縮機と、第1熱交換器と、膨張機構と、第2熱交換器とが配管により順次接続された冷媒回路を備えるヒートポンプ装置と、前記冷媒回路に接続された前記第1熱交換器で冷媒と熱交換された流体を利用する流体利用装置とを備えるヒートポンプシステムであって、
前記ヒートポンプ装置は、
冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
前記圧縮機を駆動するモータと、
前記モータに所望の電圧を印加するインバータと、
前記インバータを駆動するパルス幅変調信号を生成し、運転モードとして、前記圧縮機を加熱運転する加熱運転モードと前記圧縮機を通常運転して冷媒を圧縮する通常運転モードとを有し、前記加熱運転モードにおいてキャリア信号の周波数であるキャリア周波数を周期的に変化させるインバータ制御部と、
を備えるヒートポンプシステム。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置を備える空気調和機。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプ装置を備える冷凍機。
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JP2021518239A JP7175389B2 (ja) | 2019-05-07 | 2019-05-07 | ヒートポンプ装置、ヒートポンプシステム、空気調和機および冷凍機 |
CN201980095445.3A CN113785164A (zh) | 2019-05-07 | 2019-05-07 | 热泵装置、热泵***、空调机以及制冷机 |
DE112019007291.9T DE112019007291T5 (de) | 2019-05-07 | 2019-05-07 | Wärmepumpe, Wärmepumpensystem, Klimaanlage und Kältemaschine |
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