WO2020221559A1 - Composite pane having electrically controllable optical properties, and composite pane arrangement - Google Patents

Composite pane having electrically controllable optical properties, and composite pane arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020221559A1
WO2020221559A1 PCT/EP2020/059843 EP2020059843W WO2020221559A1 WO 2020221559 A1 WO2020221559 A1 WO 2020221559A1 EP 2020059843 W EP2020059843 W EP 2020059843W WO 2020221559 A1 WO2020221559 A1 WO 2020221559A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
functional element
composite pane
heating
pane
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/059843
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Sebastian SCHURSE
Marcel Klein
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202080000968.8A priority Critical patent/CN112154065A/en
Publication of WO2020221559A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020221559A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10183Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022Metallic coatings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467Variable transmission
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10504Liquid crystal layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10513Electrochromic layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08Cars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite pane with electrically controllable optical properties and to a composite pane arrangement which has such
  • composite pane It also relates to a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle with such a composite pane and
  • Optoelectronic functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties have long been known in great variety and are used in industrial mass production, for example in TV sets, laptops, mobile phones / smartphones and tablets.
  • Composite panes with electrically controllable functional elements are also known as such.
  • the optical properties of the functional elements can be changed by applying an electrical voltage.
  • An example of such functional elements are PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) functional elements, which are known, for example, from DE 102008026339 A1.
  • the active layer contains liquid crystals that are embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are disordered, which leads to a strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
  • Windshields and also glass roofs have been proposed in which an electrically controllable sun visor is implemented by such a functional element in order to replace the conventional mechanically foldable sun visor in motor vehicles.
  • Windshields with electrically controllable sun visors are known, for example, from DE 102013001334 A1, DE 102005049081 B3, DE 102005007427 A1 and DE 102007027296 A1.
  • SPD and PDLC functional elements are commercially available as multilayer films, with the active layer and the flat electrodes required for applying a voltage being arranged between two carrier films, typically made of PET. During the manufacture of the laminated pane this is
  • US51 1 1329A discloses a composite pane with an electrically controllable functional element and a heating coating which is used for deicing the
  • LCD arrangements have a clearly temperature-dependent switching characteristic and, in particular at low temperatures, relatively long switching times.
  • the aforementioned PDLC and SPD functional elements also have this property, which impairs their acceptance by users and consequently also by manufacturers of road vehicles.
  • the present invention is based on the object of an improved
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a
  • the composite pane according to the invention comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the composite pane is intended to separate the interior from the outside environment in a window opening, for example of a vehicle, a building or a room.
  • the inner pane is the one facing the interior Disk designated. With the outer pane, that of the outer environment becomes
  • the intermediate layer serves to connect the two panes, as is customary with composite panes.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and so can the
  • Inner panes preferably have thicknesses from 0.4 mm to 3.5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • the panes can be clear, tinted or colored.
  • care must be taken that the windshield has sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and / or the intermediate layer can have further suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.
  • the composite pane according to the invention contains a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, which is incorporated in the intermediate layer.
  • the functional element is also referred to as an optoelectronic functional element in the context of the invention.
  • the functional element is between at least two layers of thermoplastic material
  • the functional element comprises at least one active layer which is arranged between a first carrier film and a second carrier film.
  • the active layer has the variable optical properties, which can be controlled by an electrical voltage applied to the active layer.
  • Electrically controllable optical properties are understood in the context of the invention to be those properties that are continuously controllable, but also those that are between two or more discrete states can be switched.
  • the said optical properties relate in particular to the light transmission and / or the scattering behavior.
  • Functional element also includes flat electrodes for applying the voltage to the active layer, which are preferably arranged between the carrier films and the active layer.
  • the functional element is a PDLC functional element.
  • the active layer of a PDLC functional element contains liquid crystals which are embedded in a polymer matrix.
  • the functional element is an SPD functional element.
  • the active layer contains suspended particles, the absorption of light by the active layer by applying a voltage to the
  • Controllable functional elements for example electrochromic functional elements.
  • electrochromic functional elements Such controllable functional elements and their mode of operation are known per se to the person skilled in the art, so that a detailed description can be dispensed with at this point.
  • the area electrodes and the active layer are typically im
  • the surface electrodes are connected to an external
  • Voltage source electrically connected in a manner known per se.
  • the electrical contacting, as well as the connection to the energy source for temperature control of the active layer, is by means of suitable connecting cables, for example
  • Foil conductors realized which are optionally connected to the flat electrodes via so-called bus bars, for example strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive prints.
  • the thickness of the functional element is, for example, from 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably designed as transparent, electrically conductive layers.
  • the flat electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conductive oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO).
  • the surface electrodes can contain, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide and / or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide.
  • the surface electrodes preferably have a thickness from 10 nm to 2 pm, particularly preferably from 20 nm to 1 pm, very particularly preferably from 30 nm to 500 nm.
  • the functional element is in particular in the form of a multilayer film with two outer carrier films.
  • the surface electrodes and the active layer are typically arranged between the two carrier films.
  • outer carrier film here means that the carrier films form the two surfaces of the multilayer film.
  • the functional element can thereby be provided as a laminated film which can advantageously be processed.
  • the functional element is advantageously protected from damage, in particular corrosion, by the carrier films.
  • the inventive heating resistor layer can be on the
  • the inner surface of the inner pane can be applied to the inner surface of the inner pane
  • the inside is that surface of the respective pane that faces the intermediate layer.
  • the heating resistance layer is used when the composite pane is in use at low outside temperatures
  • a head-up display for example a head-up display, be shorter than for a sun visor element.
  • the same materials and layer thicknesses as mentioned above for the transparent surface electrodes of the functional element come into consideration - with the proviso that the surface resistance is not as small as possible, but sufficient to achieve rapid heating of the laminated pane. From current Silver or silver alloy layers, which are typically present in addition to dielectric layers in the heating resistor layer, are preferred from the point of view.
  • the heating resistor layer can be configured to set the temperature of the active layer to a temperature in the range above 0 ° C, preferably above 3 ° C, particularly preferably above 5 ° C.
  • This temperature range was recognized as advantageous for commercially available optoelectronic functional elements for composite panes; for other functional elements, other target temperatures of the active layer can be preferred, and the flat ones
  • Control electrodes must then be configured to achieve these other temperatures.
  • busbars are known per se and especially also for film-like optoelectronic functional elements PDLC or SPD type and elongated, typically linear, thick layers of a printed conductive paste (e.g. silver paste) used in heatable vehicle windows. But it is also possible for the implementation of the invention particularly suitable, for. B. to develop and use particularly thin and largely transparent connection elements.
  • a printed conductive paste e.g. silver paste
  • the part of the pane surface covered by the heating resistance layer includes at least that area in which the optoelectronic functional element is placed, that is to say for example the area of a head-up display or an electronically controllable sun visor.
  • the temperature sensor can be arranged anywhere in the vehicle, so that temperature sensors already present in the vehicle can be used. It when the temperature sensor in the is particularly advantageous
  • Laminated pane is integrated because the temperature of the Composite pane can be determined.
  • the temperature sensor is arranged in or near the optoelectronic functional element within the intermediate layer.
  • Road vehicles usually have outside and inside temperature sensors on / in the vehicle anyway, such a design enables more precise detection of the temperature of the active layer and thus also a more reliable setting of the desired temperature or the desired temperature range of this layer. With lower requirements for the
  • the composite pane is preferably provided as a window pane, particularly preferably as a window pane of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, a building or a room.
  • I n a particularly advantageous one
  • the composite pane is the windshield of a
  • Motor vehicle in particular a passenger car, with an electrically controllable sun visor, which is implemented by the functional element.
  • the edge area of the pane are covered, the lower edge is in the
  • This lower edge of the functional element is preferably sealed according to the invention.
  • the optically inconspicuous sealing is particularly advantageous here.
  • An electrically controllable sun visor can make the conventional, mechanically pivoting sun visor superfluous. As a result, space is gained in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the weight of the vehicle is reduced and there is a risk of collision with the vehicle in the event of severe braking or an accident
  • the sun visor is electrically controlled, for example, by means of
  • Knobs, knobs or sliders in the dashboard of the vehicle are integrated. But it can also be a button to control the
  • Sun visor can be integrated into the windshield, for example a capacitive button. Alternatively, the sun visor can also go through
  • An optoelectronic functional element that does not function as a sun visor but, for example, as part of a head-up display, can in principle be controlled in its optoelectronic properties in a similar manner and temperature-controlled in a manner according to the invention.
  • the composite pane arrangement according to the invention also has a
  • Control unit for controlling the optical properties of the
  • a heating current source for applying a heating current to the busbars of the heating resistance layer
  • a heating control unit for controlling the supply of heating current to the
  • Heating resistance layer for setting a predetermined temperature or a predetermined temperature range of the active layer of the
  • the signal from the temperature sensor serves as an input variable for controlling the energy supply to the busbars of the heating resistor layer.
  • the temperature sensor is connected to the heating control unit.
  • the heating control unit is capable of automatically supplying heating current as soon as a through the
  • Temperature sensor measured temperature falls below a predetermined limit value in order to increase the temperature above the limit value.
  • This limit value is preferably 0 ° C because it has been shown that an increase in
  • the heating current source and the associated heating control unit can be components which are usually used to operate heatable vehicle windows known per se. From the current point of view, however, an embodiment adapted to the invention is preferred for that component in which additional means for controlling the heating operation are provided according to the special requirements of the optoelectronic functional element.
  • Heating resistance layer with heating current not only for defogging the corresponding pane, but also when the pane is not fogging up or preventive heating would be required to avoid fogging.
  • the heating control unit is connected to the temperature sensor on the input side.
  • the heating control unit is equipped with a control circuit in order to automatically keep the temperature above said limit value, for example a proportional control circuit, in particular an integral or differential control circuit.
  • the invention also comprises a road vehicle, in particular a passenger car, which is equipped with a composite pane arrangement according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes a method of operating a
  • the heating control unit automatically supplying a heating current as soon as a temperature measured by the temperature sensor falls below a predetermined limit value, whereby the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is increased or raised above the limit value.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of the
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the windshield from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged illustration of the area Z from FIG. 2 and FIG
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation for the implementation of the invention in the form of a functional block diagram.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a windshield 1 with an electrically controllable sun visor S as a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the windshield 1 comprises an outer pane 1 a and an inner pane 1 b, which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer 3.
  • the outer disk 1 a has a thickness of, for. B. 1, 6 or 2, 1 mm and consists of a soda-lime glass.
  • the inner pane 1 b has a thickness of 1.6 mm and consists of a clear soda-lime glass.
  • the windshield has an upper edge D facing the roof in the installed position and a lower edge M facing the engine compartment in the installed position.
  • the windshield 1 is in an area above the central
  • the sun visor S is formed by a commercially available PDLC multilayer film as the functional element 4, which is embedded in a recess in the intermediate layer 3.
  • the height of the sun visor is, for example, 21 cm.
  • a functional element busbar 4a, 4b for electrical connection to a control circuit is formed on the side edges of the functional element 4 (the sun visor S).
  • Heating resistance layer 1 1 provided on the inner surface of the inner pane 2.
  • a heating current busbar 1 1 a, 1 1 b is applied to each of the side edges.
  • the heating resistance layer 11 is a transparent, closed coating (for example made of silver), as would be known to those skilled in the art commercial heated windshields for cars is known per se.
  • the heating current busbars 1 1 a, 1 1 b are conductive thick-film strips (also known as such), for example made from a thermally treated silver paste.
  • the intermediate layer 3 here comprises a total of three thermoplastic layers 3a, 3b, 3c, each of which is formed by a thermoplastic film with a thickness of 0.38 mm made of PVB.
  • the first thermoplastic layer 3a is with the first thermoplastic layer 3a.
  • thermoplastic layer 3c has a cutout into which the cut PDLC multilayer film is inserted with a substantially precise fit, that is to say approximately flush on all sides.
  • the third thermoplastic layer 3c thus forms, as it were, a kind of passpartout for the approximately 0.4 mm thick functional element 4, which is thus encapsulated all around in thermoplastic material and thus protected.
  • the first thermoplastic layer 3 a has a tinted area 3 a ′, which is arranged between the functional element 4 and the outer pane 1.
  • the light transmission of the windshield is thereby additionally reduced in the area of the sun visor 4 and the milky appearance of the
  • the first thermoplastic layer 3a has, for example, one in the area 3a '
  • the area 3a can be tinted homogeneously. However, it is often more visually appealing when the tint is tinted towards the lower edge of the
  • tinted area 3a ' to protrude beyond the functional element 4 or, conversely, for the functional element 4 to protrude beyond the tinted area 3a'.
  • the controllable functional element 4 is, as FIG. 3 shows, a multilayer film consisting of an active layer 5 between two surface electrodes 8, 9 and two carrier films 6, 7.
  • the active layer 5 contains a polymer matrix with liquid crystals dispersed therein, which depend on the
  • the carrier films 6, 7 are made of PET and have a thickness of, for example, approximately 0.2 mm.
  • Carrier foils 6, 7 are provided with a coating of ITO facing the active layer 5 with a thickness of about 100 nm, which the surface electrodes 8,
  • the surface electrodes 8, 9 can be connected to the on-board electrical system via busbars (not shown) (for example formed by a silver-containing screen print) and connecting cables (not shown).
  • the windshield has, as usual, a circumferential peripheral
  • Covering print 10 which is formed by an opaque enamel on the interior-side surfaces (in the installed position facing the interior of the vehicle) of the outer pane 1 a and the inner pane 1 b.
  • Windshield is smaller than the width of the cover print 10, so that the side edges of the functional element 4 - with the exception of the central
  • cover print 10 Side edge facing field of view B - are covered by the cover print 10.
  • the electrical connections (not shown) are also expediently attached in the area of the cover print 10 and thus hidden.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a composite pane arrangement 12, which comprises a composite pane (windshield) 1 of the type explained above, in the form of a functional block diagram.
  • the composite pane 1 is shown here in the form of an exploded view, and the designation of its components corresponds to the designation in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the functional element busbars 4a, 4b of the functional element 4 are connected to a control circuit 13 of the optoelectronic via connecting lines (not designated separately) inside and outside the composite pane
  • Functional element 4 which can be constructed in a known manner and whose construction and mode of operation are therefore not explained here.
  • the heating current busbars 1 1 a, 1 1 b are on the Heating resistance layer 1 1 connected to a heating current source 15 via a heating control unit.
  • This heating device of the composite pane 1 is also known in principle from commercially available heatable windshields with a transparent heating resistance layer and is therefore also not described in more detail here.
  • a temperature sensor 16 of a known type is provided, which is connected to an input of the heating control unit 14.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane arrangement, in particular vehicle glazing unit, comprising a composite pane (1) which has a functional element (4) with electrically controllable optical properties, an actuation unit (13) for controlling the optical properties of the functional element (4), a temperature sensor (16), a heating current source (15) for applying a heating current to the busbars (11a, 11b) of the heating resistance layer (11), and a heating control unit (14) for controlling the supply of heating current to the heating resistance layer. The heating control unit (14) is suitable for supplying heating current, as soon as a temperature which is measured by the temperature sensor (16) falls below a prespecified limit value, in order to increase the temperature above the limit value.

Description

Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften und Composite pane with electrically controllable optical properties and
Verbundscheibenanordnung Composite pane assembly
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften sowie eine Verbundscheibenanordnung, die eine solche The invention relates to a composite pane with electrically controllable optical properties and to a composite pane arrangement which has such
Verbundscheibe umfasst. Sie betrifft des Weiteren ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Straßenfahrzeug mit einer solchen Verbundscheibe und Includes composite pane. It also relates to a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle with such a composite pane and
Verbundscheibenanordnung. Composite pane assembly.
Optoelektronische Funktionselemente mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften sind seit Langem in großer Vielgestaltigkeit bekannt und werden in der industriellen Massenproduktion, beispielsweise in TV-Geräten, Laptops, Mobiltelefonen/Smartphones und Tablets, eingesetzt. Optoelectronic functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties have long been known in great variety and are used in industrial mass production, for example in TV sets, laptops, mobile phones / smartphones and tablets.
Auch Verbundscheiben mit elektrisch steuerbaren Funktionselementen sind als solche bekannt. Die optischen Eigenschaften der Funktionselemente können durch eine angelegte elektrische Spannung verändert werden. Ein Beispiel für solche Funktionselemente sind PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal)- Funktionselemente, die beispielsweise aus DE 102008026339 A1 bekannt sind. Die aktive Schicht enthält dabei Flüssigkristalle, welche in eine Polymermatrix eingelagert sind. Wird keine Spannung angelegt, so sind die Flüssigkristalle ungeordnet ausgerichtet, was zu einer starken Streuung des durch die aktive Schicht tretenden Lichts führt. Wird an die Flächenelektroden eine Spannung angelegt, so richten sich die Flüssigkristalle in einer gemeinsamen Richtung aus und die Transmission von Licht durch die aktive Schicht wird erhöht. Composite panes with electrically controllable functional elements are also known as such. The optical properties of the functional elements can be changed by applying an electrical voltage. An example of such functional elements are PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) functional elements, which are known, for example, from DE 102008026339 A1. The active layer contains liquid crystals that are embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are disordered, which leads to a strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
Es wurden Windschutzscheiben und auch Glasdächer vorgeschlagen, bei denen durch ein solches Funktionselement eine elektrisch steuerbare Sonnenblende realisiert ist, um die herkömmliche mechanisch klappbare Sonnenblende in Kraftfahrzeugen zu ersetzen. Windschutzscheiben mit elektrisch steuerbaren Sonnenblenden sind beispielsweise bekannt aus DE 102013001334 A1 , DE 102005049081 B3, DE 102005007427 A1 und DE 102007027296 A1 . SPD- und PDLC-Funktionselemente sind als Mehrschichtfolie kommerziell erhältlich, wobei die aktive Schicht und die zum Anlegen einer Spannung erforderlichen Flächenelektroden zwischen zwei Trägerfolien, typischerweise aus PET, angeordnet sind. Bei der Herstellung der Verbundscheibe wird das Windshields and also glass roofs have been proposed in which an electrically controllable sun visor is implemented by such a functional element in order to replace the conventional mechanically foldable sun visor in motor vehicles. Windshields with electrically controllable sun visors are known, for example, from DE 102013001334 A1, DE 102005049081 B3, DE 102005007427 A1 and DE 102007027296 A1. SPD and PDLC functional elements are commercially available as multilayer films, with the active layer and the flat electrodes required for applying a voltage being arranged between two carrier films, typically made of PET. During the manufacture of the laminated pane this is
Funktionselement in der gewünschten Größe und Form aus der gelieferten Mehrschichtfolie ausgeschnitten und zwischen die Folien einer Zwischenschicht eingelegt, mittels derer zwei Glasscheiben miteinander zur Verbundscheibe laminiert werden. Functional element cut out of the supplied multilayer film in the desired size and shape and inserted between the films of an intermediate layer, by means of which two glass panes are laminated together to form a composite pane.
US51 1 1329A offenbart eine Verbundscheibe mit einem elektrisch steuerbaren Funktionselement und einer Heizbeschichtung, welche zum Enteisen der US51 1 1329A discloses a composite pane with an electrically controllable functional element and a heating coating which is used for deicing the
Verbundscheibe dient. Composite pane is used.
LCD-Anordnungen haben bekanntermaßen eine deutlich temperaturabhängige Schaltcharakteristik und insbesondere bei niedrigen Temperaturen relativ lange Schaltzeiten. Diese Eigenschaft weisen grundsätzlich auch die erwähnten PDLC- und SPD-Funktionselemente auf, was deren Akzeptanz bei den Nutzern und folglich auch den Herstellern von Straßenfahrzeugen beeinträchtigt. As is known, LCD arrangements have a clearly temperature-dependent switching characteristic and, in particular at low temperatures, relatively long switching times. The aforementioned PDLC and SPD functional elements also have this property, which impairs their acceptance by users and consequently also by manufacturers of road vehicles.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte The present invention is based on the object of an improved
Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften Composite pane with electrically controllable optical properties
bereitzustellen, bei der eine vorteilhafte Schaltcharakteristik, insbesondere mit akzeptablen Umschaltzeiten über einen breiten Außentemperaturbereich, realisiert werden kann. Weiterhin besteht die Aufgabe, eine entsprechende Anordnung anzugeben. provide in which an advantageous switching characteristic, in particular with acceptable switching times over a wide outside temperature range, can be realized. There is also the task of specifying a corresponding arrangement.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch eine The object of the present invention is achieved by a
Verbundscheibenanordnung gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Composite pane arrangement according to independent claim 1 solved.
Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. Preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe umfasst mindestens eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verbundscheibe ist dafür vorgesehen, in einer Fensteröffnung beispielsweise eines Fahrzeugs, eines Gebäudes oder eines Raums, den I nnenraum gegenüber der äußeren U mgebung abzutrennen. Mit I nnenscheibe wird im Sinne der Erfindung die dem Innenraum zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. M it Außenscheibe wird die der äußeren U mgebung The composite pane according to the invention comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The composite pane is intended to separate the interior from the outside environment in a window opening, for example of a vehicle, a building or a room. In the context of the invention, the inner pane is the one facing the interior Disk designated. With the outer pane, that of the outer environment becomes
zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Die Zwischenschicht dient der Verbindung der beiden Scheiben, wie es bei Verbundscheiben üblich ist. facing disc called. The intermediate layer serves to connect the two panes, as is customary with composite panes.
Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe sind bevorzugt aus Glas gefertigt. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass.
Grundsätzlich können sie aber auch aus Kunststoff bestehen. Die Dicke der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe kann breit variieren und so den In principle, however, they can also consist of plastic. The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and so can the
Erfordernissen im Einzelfall angepasst werden. Die Außenscheibe und die Requirements can be adapted in individual cases. The outer pane and the
I nnenscheibe weisen bevorzugt Dicken von 0,4 mm bis 3,5 mm auf, besonders bevorzugt von 1 mm bis 2,5 mm . Die Scheiben können klar sein, oder auch getönt oder gefärbt. Beim Einsatz der Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe in PKW ist darauf zu achten, dass die Windschutzscheibe im zentralen Sichtbereich eine ausreichende Lichttransmission aufweist, bevorzugt mindestens 70 % im Haupt- Durchsichtbereich A gemäß ECE-R43. Inner panes preferably have thicknesses from 0.4 mm to 3.5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 2.5 mm. The panes can be clear, tinted or colored. When using the composite pane as a windshield in a car, care must be taken that the windshield has sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43.
Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und/oder die Zwischenschicht können weitere geeignete, an sich bekannte Beschichtungen aufweisen, beispielsweise Antireflexbeschichtungen, Antihaftbeschichtungen, Antikratzbeschichtungen, photokatalytische Beschichtungen oder Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen oder Low-E-Beschichtungen. The outer pane, the inner pane and / or the intermediate layer can have further suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe enthält ein Funktionselement mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften, das in die Zwischenschicht eingelagert ist. Das Funktionselement wird im Sinne der Erfindung auch als optoelektronisches Funktionselement bezeichnet. Das Funktionselement ist zwischen mindestens zwei Schichten von thermoplastischem Material der The composite pane according to the invention contains a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, which is incorporated in the intermediate layer. The functional element is also referred to as an optoelectronic functional element in the context of the invention. The functional element is between at least two layers of thermoplastic material
Zwischenschicht angeordnet, wobei es durch die erste Schicht mit der Intermediate layer arranged, it being through the first layer with the
Außenscheibe und durch die zweite Schicht mit der I nnenscheibe verbunden ist. Outer pane and connected to the inner pane by the second layer.
Das Funktionselement umfasst mindestens eine aktive Schicht, die zwischen einer ersten Trägerfolie und einer zweiten Trägerfolie angeordnet ist. Die aktive Schicht weist die veränderlichen optischen Eigenschaften auf, die durch eine an die aktive Schicht angelegte elektrische Spannung gesteuert werden können. Unter elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften werden im Sinne der Erfindung solche Eigenschaften verstanden, die stufenlos steuerbar sind, aber gleichermaßen auch solche, die zwischen zwei oder mehr diskreten Zuständen geschaltet werden können. Die besagten optischen Eigenschaften betreffen insbesondere die Lichttransmission und/oder das Streuverhalten. Das The functional element comprises at least one active layer which is arranged between a first carrier film and a second carrier film. The active layer has the variable optical properties, which can be controlled by an electrical voltage applied to the active layer. Electrically controllable optical properties are understood in the context of the invention to be those properties that are continuously controllable, but also those that are between two or more discrete states can be switched. The said optical properties relate in particular to the light transmission and / or the scattering behavior. The
Funktionselement umfasst außerdem Flächenelektroden zum Anlegen der Spannung an die aktive Schicht, die bevorzugt zwischen den Trägerfolien und der aktiven Schicht angeordnet sind. Functional element also includes flat electrodes for applying the voltage to the active layer, which are preferably arranged between the carrier films and the active layer.
I n einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das Funktionselement ein PDLC- Funktionselement. Die aktive Schicht eines PDLC-Funktionselements enthält Flüssigkristalle, welche in eine Polymermatrix eingelagert sind. I n einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das Funktionselement ein SPD- Funktionselement. Dabei enthält die aktive Schicht suspendierte Partikel , wobei die Absorption von Licht durch die aktive Schicht mittels Anlegen einer Spannung an die In a preferred embodiment, the functional element is a PDLC functional element. The active layer of a PDLC functional element contains liquid crystals which are embedded in a polymer matrix. In a further embodiment, the functional element is an SPD functional element. The active layer contains suspended particles, the absorption of light by the active layer by applying a voltage to the
Flächenelektroden veränderbar ist. Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch möglich, andere Arten von steuerbaren Funktionselementen einzusetzen, beispielweise elektrochrome Funktionselemente. Solche steuerbaren Funktionselemente und deren Funktionsweise sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt, so dass an dieser Stelle auf eine ausführliche Beschreibung verzichtet werden kann. Surface electrodes is changeable. In principle, however, it is also possible to use other types of controllable functional elements, for example electrochromic functional elements. Such controllable functional elements and their mode of operation are known per se to the person skilled in the art, so that a detailed description can be dispensed with at this point.
Die Flächenelektroden und die aktive Schicht sind typischerweise im The area electrodes and the active layer are typically im
Wesentlichen parallel zu den Oberflächen der Außenscheibe und der Essentially parallel to the surfaces of the outer pane and the
I nnenscheibe angeordnet. Die Flächenelektroden sind mit einer externen Arranged in the inner pane. The surface electrodes are connected to an external
Spannungsquelle auf an sich bekannte Art elektrisch verbunden. Die elektrische Kontaktierung, ebenso wie der Anschluss an die Energiequelle zur Temperierung der aktiven Schicht, ist durch geeignete Verbindungskabel, beispielsweise Voltage source electrically connected in a manner known per se. The electrical contacting, as well as the connection to the energy source for temperature control of the active layer, is by means of suitable connecting cables, for example
Folienleiter realisiert, welche optional über sogenannte Sammelleiter (bus bars) , beispielsweise Streifen eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials oder elektrisch leitfähige Aufdrucke, mit den Flächenelektroden verbunden sind. Die Dicke des Funktionselements beträgt beispielsweise von 0, 1 mm bis 1 mm. Foil conductors realized, which are optionally connected to the flat electrodes via so-called bus bars, for example strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive prints. The thickness of the functional element is, for example, from 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
Die Flächenelektroden sind bevorzugt als transparente, elektrisch leitfähige Schichten ausgestaltet. Die Flächenelektroden enthalten bevorzugt zumindest ein Metall, eine Metalllegierung oder ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid ( transparent conducting oxide, TCO). Die Flächenelektroden können beispielsweise Silber, Gold, Kupfer, Nickel , Chrom, Wolfram, I ndium-Zinnoxid (ITO), Gallium-dotiertes oder Aluminium-dotiertes Zinkoxid und / oder Fluor-dotiertes oder Antimon dotiertes Zinnoxid enthalten. Die Flächenelektroden weisen bevorzugt eine Dicke von 10 nm bis 2 pm auf, besonders bevorzugt von 20 nm bis 1 pm, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 30 nm bis 500 nm . The surface electrodes are preferably designed as transparent, electrically conductive layers. The flat electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conductive oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO). The surface electrodes can contain, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide and / or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide. The surface electrodes preferably have a thickness from 10 nm to 2 pm, particularly preferably from 20 nm to 1 pm, very particularly preferably from 30 nm to 500 nm.
Das Funktionselement liegt insbesondere als Mehrschichtfolie mit zwei äußeren Trägerfolien vor. Bei einer solchen Mehrschichtfolie sind die Flächenelektroden und die aktive Schicht typischerweise zwischen den beiden Trägerfolien angeordnet. M it äußerer Trägerfolie ist hier gemeint, dass die Trägerfolien die beiden Oberflächen der Mehrschichtfolie ausbilden. Das Funktionselement kann dadurch als laminierte Folie bereitgestellt werden, die vorteilhaft verarbeitet werden kann. Das Funktionselement ist durch die Trägerfolien vorteilhaft vor Beschädigung, insbesondere Korrosion geschützt. The functional element is in particular in the form of a multilayer film with two outer carrier films. In such a multilayer film, the surface electrodes and the active layer are typically arranged between the two carrier films. The term outer carrier film here means that the carrier films form the two surfaces of the multilayer film. The functional element can thereby be provided as a laminated film which can advantageously be processed. The functional element is advantageously protected from damage, in particular corrosion, by the carrier films.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Heizwiderstandsschicht kann auf der The inventive heating resistor layer can be on the
I nnenfläche der I nnenscheibe aufgebracht sein, auf der Innenfläche der The inner surface of the inner pane can be applied to the inner surface of the
Außenscheibe aufgebracht sein oder in die Zwischenschicht eingelagert sein, beispielsweise auf einer Trägerfolie zwischen zwei Laminationsfolien. Mit Be applied to the outer pane or be embedded in the intermediate layer, for example on a carrier film between two lamination films. With
I nnenseite wird diejenige Oberfläche der jeweiligen Scheibe bezeichnet, die der Zwischenschicht zugewandt ist. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht wird dazu benutzt, im Gebrauch der Verbundscheibe bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen die The inside is that surface of the respective pane that faces the intermediate layer. The heating resistance layer is used when the composite pane is in use at low outside temperatures
Arbeitstemperatur der aktiven Schicht des optoelektronischen Working temperature of the active layer of the optoelectronic
Funktionselementes derart anzuheben, dass eine für die konkrete Funktion des Funktionselementes akzeptable Schaltzeit erzielt wird. Die gewünschte Schaltzeit bzw. Schaltcharakteristik hängt von der konkreten Funktion des To raise the functional element in such a way that a switching time that is acceptable for the specific function of the functional element is achieved. The desired switching time or switching characteristic depends on the specific function of the
Funktionselementes ab und wird für optoelektronische Anzeigen, wie Functional element and is used for optoelectronic displays, such as
beispielsweise ein Head-Up-Display, kürzer sein als für ein Sonnenblenden- Element. for example a head-up display, be shorter than for a sun visor element.
Es ist möglich, die Erfindung mit an sich bekannten und beispielsweise von der Anmelderin kommerziell angebotenen heizbaren Fahrzeugscheiben mit transparenter Heizwiderstandsschicht zu realisieren. Für die It is possible to implement the invention with heatable vehicle windows with a transparent heating resistance layer which are known per se and are commercially available, for example, by the applicant. For the
Heizwiderstandsschicht kommen grundsätzlich die gleichen Materialien und Schichtdicken in Betracht, wie sie oben für die transparenten Flächenelektroden des Funktionselementes genannt wurden - allerdings mit der Maßgabe, dass der Flächenwiderstand nicht möglichst klein, sondern ausreichend zur Erreichung einer schnellen Erwärmung der Verbundscheibe bemessen ist. Aus derzeitiger Sicht bevorzugt sind Silber- oder Silberlegierungsschichten, die typischerweise neben dielektrischen Schichten in der Heizwiderstandsschicht vorhanden sind. In principle, the same materials and layer thicknesses as mentioned above for the transparent surface electrodes of the functional element come into consideration - with the proviso that the surface resistance is not as small as possible, but sufficient to achieve rapid heating of the laminated pane. From current Silver or silver alloy layers, which are typically present in addition to dielectric layers in the heating resistor layer, are preferred from the point of view.
Nach derzeitigem Erkenntnisstand der Erfinder ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Heizwiderstandsschicht zur Temperatureinstellung der aktiven Schicht auf eine Temperatur im Bereich oberhalb 0 °C, bevorzugt oberhalb 3°C, besonders bevorzugt oberhalb 5 °C konfigurierbar ist. Dieser Temperaturbereich wurde für handelsübliche optoelektronische Funktionselemente für Verbundscheiben als vorteilhaft erkannt; für andere Funktionselemente können andere Ziel- Temperaturen der aktiven Schicht bevorzugt sein, und die flächigen According to the current level of knowledge of the inventors, it is advantageous if the heating resistor layer can be configured to set the temperature of the active layer to a temperature in the range above 0 ° C, preferably above 3 ° C, particularly preferably above 5 ° C. This temperature range was recognized as advantageous for commercially available optoelectronic functional elements for composite panes; for other functional elements, other target temperatures of the active layer can be preferred, and the flat ones
Steuerelektroden sind dann zur Erzielung dieser anderen Temperaturen zu konfigurieren. Control electrodes must then be configured to achieve these other temperatures.
Es ist vorgesehen, dass zum Anschluss der Heizstromquelle langgestreckte Anschlüsse, insbesondere Busbars, an gegenüberliegenden Kanten des optoelektronischen Funktionselements vorgesehen sind. Busbars sind an sich bekannte und speziell auch für folienartige optoelektronische Funktionselemente PDLC- oder SPD-Typ und bei heizbaren Fahrzeugscheiben eingesetzte langgestreckte, typischerweise lineare, Dickschichten aus einer aufgedruckten leitfähigen Paste (z. B. Silberpaste). Es ist aber auch möglich, für die Realisierung der Erfindung besonders geeignete, z. B. besonders dünne und weitgehend transparente Anschlusselemente zu entwickeln und einzusetzen. Provision is made for elongated connections, in particular busbars, to be provided on opposite edges of the optoelectronic functional element for connecting the heating current source. Busbars are known per se and especially also for film-like optoelectronic functional elements PDLC or SPD type and elongated, typically linear, thick layers of a printed conductive paste (e.g. silver paste) used in heatable vehicle windows. But it is also possible for the implementation of the invention particularly suitable, for. B. to develop and use particularly thin and largely transparent connection elements.
Neben dem oben erwähnten Einsatz an sich bekannter (im Wesentlichen vollflächig) heizbarer Verbundscheiben im Kontext der Erfindung ist diese auch mit Heizwiderstandsschichten ausführbar, die nur einen Teil der Scheibenfläche bedecken. Dann ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass der mit der In addition to the above-mentioned use of heatable composite panes which are known per se (essentially over the entire surface) in the context of the invention, this can also be implemented with heating resistance layers which only cover part of the pane surface. It is then provided in particular that the
Heizwiderstandsschicht bedeckte Teil der Scheibenfläche zumindest jenen Bereich einschließt, in dem das optoelektronische Funktionselement platziert ist, also beispielsweise den Bereich eines Head-Up-Displays oder einer elektronisch steuerbaren Sonnenblende. The part of the pane surface covered by the heating resistance layer includes at least that area in which the optoelectronic functional element is placed, that is to say for example the area of a head-up display or an electronically controllable sun visor.
Der Temperatursensor kann prinzipiell beliebig im Fahrzeug angeordnet sein, so dass bereits vorhandene Temperatursensoren des Fahrzeugs verwendet werden können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Temperatursensor in der In principle, the temperature sensor can be arranged anywhere in the vehicle, so that temperature sensors already present in the vehicle can be used. It when the temperature sensor in the is particularly advantageous
Verbundscheibe integriert ist, weil so besonders genau die Temperatur der Verbundscheibe bestimmt werden kann. I n einer ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausführung ist der Temperatursensor im oder nahe dem optoelektronischen Funktionselement innerhalb der Zwischenschicht angeordnet. U ngeachtet dessen, dass etwa bei einem Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in Laminated pane is integrated because the temperature of the Composite pane can be determined. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor is arranged in or near the optoelectronic functional element within the intermediate layer. Irrespective of the fact that, for example, when the composite pane according to the invention is used in
Straßenfahrzeugen üblicherweise Außen- und I nnen-Temperaturfühler am/im Fahrzeug ohnehin vorhanden sind, ermöglicht eine solche Ausführung eine präzisere Erfassung der Temperatur der aktiven Schicht und somit auch eine zuverlässigere Einstellung der gewünschten Temperatur oder des gewünschten Temperaturbereiches dieser Schicht. Bei geringeren Anforderungen an die Road vehicles usually have outside and inside temperature sensors on / in the vehicle anyway, such a design enables more precise detection of the temperature of the active layer and thus also a more reliable setting of the desired temperature or the desired temperature range of this layer. With lower requirements for the
Einstellgenauigkeit können aber auch die Signale vorhandener Temperaturfühler (außerhalb der Verbundscheibe) zur I mplementierung der Erfindung Setting accuracy can also be achieved by the signals from existing temperature sensors (outside the laminated pane) for implementing the invention
herangezogen werden. can be used.
Die Verbundscheibe ist bevorzugt als Fensterscheibe vorgesehen, besonders bevorzugt als Fensterscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugs, eines Gebäudes oder eines Raums. I n einer besonders vorteilhaften The composite pane is preferably provided as a window pane, particularly preferably as a window pane of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, a building or a room. I n a particularly advantageous one
Ausgestaltung ist die Verbundscheibe die Windschutzscheibe eines Embodiment, the composite pane is the windshield of a
Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Personenkraftwagens, mit einer elektrisch steuerbaren Sonnenblende, die durch das Funktionselement realisiert ist. Motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with an electrically controllable sun visor, which is implemented by the functional element.
Während die seitlichen Kanten und die Oberkante eines solchen While the side edges and the top edge of such
Funktionselements typischerweise durch den üblichen Abdeckdruck im Functional element typically by the usual cover pressure in the
Randbereich der Scheibe verdeckt sind, so ist die Unterkante im The edge area of the pane are covered, the lower edge is in the
Durchsichtbereich der Scheibe angeordnet und daher nicht maskiert und sichtbar. Diese U nterkante des Funktionselements ist bevorzugt erfindungsgemäß versiegelt. Die optisch unauffällige Versiegelung ist hier besonders vorteilhaft. Arranged see-through area of the disc and therefore not masked and visible. This lower edge of the functional element is preferably sealed according to the invention. The optically inconspicuous sealing is particularly advantageous here.
Eine elektrisch steuerbare Sonnenblende kann die herkömmliche, mechanisch schwenkbare Sonnenblende überflüssig machen. Dadurch wird im Fahrgastraum des Fahrzeugs Platz gewonnen, das Gewicht des Fahrzeugs reduziert und beim starkem Abbremsen oder bei U nfall die Gefahr einer Kollision mit der An electrically controllable sun visor can make the conventional, mechanically pivoting sun visor superfluous. As a result, space is gained in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the weight of the vehicle is reduced and there is a risk of collision with the vehicle in the event of severe braking or an accident
Sonnenblende vermieden. Außerdem kann die elektrische Steuerung der Avoided sun visor. In addition, the electrical control of the
Sonnenblende als komfortabler empfunden werden als das mechanische Sun visors are perceived as more comfortable than the mechanical one
Herunterklappen. Fold down.
Die elektrische Steuerung der Sonnenblende erfolgt beispielsweise mittels The sun visor is electrically controlled, for example, by means of
Knöpfen, Dreh- oder Schiebereglern, die in den Armaturen des Fahrzeugs integriert sind. Es kann aber auch eine Schaltfläche zur Reglung der Knobs, knobs or sliders in the dashboard of the vehicle are integrated. But it can also be a button to control the
Sonnenblende in die Windschutzscheibe integriert sein, beispielsweise eine kapazitive Schaltfläche. Alternativ kann die Sonnenblende auch durch Sun visor can be integrated into the windshield, for example a capacitive button. Alternatively, the sun visor can also go through
kontaktfreie Verfahren, beispielsweise durch das Erkennen von Gesten, oder in Abhängigkeit des durch eine Kamera und geeignete Auswerteelektronik festgestellten Zustands von Pupille oder Augenlid gesteuert werden. Auch ein optoelektronisches Funktionselement, welches nicht als Sonnenblende, sondern beispielsweise als Teil eines Head-Up-Displays fungiert, kann grundsätzlich in ähnlicher Weise in seinen optoelektronischen Eigenschaften gesteuert und auf erfindungsgemäße Weise temperiert werden. Contact-free method, for example by recognizing gestures, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid determined by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics. An optoelectronic functional element that does not function as a sun visor but, for example, as part of a head-up display, can in principle be controlled in its optoelectronic properties in a similar manner and temperature-controlled in a manner according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibenanordnung hat außerdem eine The composite pane arrangement according to the invention also has a
Ansteuereinheit zur Steuerung der optischen Eigenschaften des Control unit for controlling the optical properties of the
optoelektronischen Funktionselementes, eine Heizstromquelle zum Anlegen eines Heizstromes an die Busbars der Heizwiderstandsschicht und eine Heiz- Steuereinheit zum Steuern der Zuführung von Heizstrom an die optoelectronic functional element, a heating current source for applying a heating current to the busbars of the heating resistance layer and a heating control unit for controlling the supply of heating current to the
Heizwiderstandsschicht zur Einstellung einer vorbestimmten Temperatur oder eines vorbestimmten Temperaturbereiches der aktiven Schicht des Heating resistance layer for setting a predetermined temperature or a predetermined temperature range of the active layer of the
optoelektronischen Funktionselementes. optoelectronic functional element.
Das Signal des Temperatursensors dient als Eingangsgröße für die Steuerung der Energiezuführung zu den Busbars der Heizwiderstandsschicht. Dazu ist der Temperatursensor mit der Heiz-Steuereinheit verbunden. Das Heiz-Steuereinheit ist geeignet, Heizstrom automatisch zuzuführen, sobald eine durch den The signal from the temperature sensor serves as an input variable for controlling the energy supply to the busbars of the heating resistor layer. For this purpose, the temperature sensor is connected to the heating control unit. The heating control unit is capable of automatically supplying heating current as soon as a through the
Temperatursensor gemessene Temperatur unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert fällt, um die Temperatur über den Grenzwert zu steigern. Dieser Grenzwert beträgt bevorzugt 0°C, weil sich gezeigt hat, dass eine Steigerung der Temperature sensor measured temperature falls below a predetermined limit value in order to increase the temperature above the limit value. This limit value is preferably 0 ° C because it has been shown that an increase in
Temperatur über 0°C bei handelsüblichen Funktionselementen zu einer Temperature above 0 ° C with commercially available functional elements to a
Verringerung der Schaltzeiten führt. Der Effekt ist bei einer Steigerung über 3°C, insbesondere über 5°C besonders ausgeprägt, so dass ein Grenzwert von 3°C besonders bevorzugt und ein Grenzwert von 5°C ganz besonders bevorzugt ist. Reduction in switching times. The effect is particularly pronounced with an increase above 3 ° C., in particular above 5 ° C., so that a limit value of 3 ° C. is particularly preferred and a limit value of 5 ° C. is very particularly preferred.
Bei der Heizstromquelle und der zugehörigen Heiz-Steuereinheit kann es sich um Bauteile handeln, die üblicherweise zum Betrieb von an sich bekannten heizbaren Fahrzeugscheiben eingesetzt werden. Aus derzeitiger Sicht bevorzugt ist aber eine an die Erfindung angepasste Ausführung jener Komponente, bei der zusätzliche Mittel zur Steuerung des Heiz-Betriebes gemäß den speziellen Anforderungen des optoelektronischen Funktionselementes vorgesehen sind.The heating current source and the associated heating control unit can be components which are usually used to operate heatable vehicle windows known per se. From the current point of view, however, an embodiment adapted to the invention is preferred for that component in which additional means for controlling the heating operation are provided according to the special requirements of the optoelectronic functional element.
Eine solche Ausführung erlaubt mithin eine Beaufschlagung der Such a design therefore allows the
Heizwiderstandsschicht mit Heizstrom nicht nur zur Beschlagfreimachung der entsprechenden Scheibe, sondern auch dann, wenn die Scheibe keinen Beschlag aufweist bzw. keine vorbeugende Heizung zur Vermeidung eines Beschlags erforderlich wäre. Heating resistance layer with heating current not only for defogging the corresponding pane, but also when the pane is not fogging up or preventive heating would be required to avoid fogging.
I nsbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass die Heiz-Steuereinheit eingangsseitig mit dem Temperatursensor verbunden ist. In particular, it is provided that the heating control unit is connected to the temperature sensor on the input side.
I n einer vorteilhaften Ausführung ist die Heiz-Steuereinheit mit einem Regelkreis ausgestattet ist, um die Temperatur automatisch über dem besagten Grenzwert zu halten, beispielsweise einen Proportionalregelkreis, insbesondere einen Integral- oder Differenzialregelkreis. In an advantageous embodiment, the heating control unit is equipped with a control circuit in order to automatically keep the temperature above said limit value, for example a proportional control circuit, in particular an integral or differential control circuit.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein Straßenfahrzeug, insbesondere einen PKW, das mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibenanordnung ausgestattet ist. The invention also comprises a road vehicle, in particular a passenger car, which is equipped with a composite pane arrangement according to the invention.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer The invention also includes a method of operating a
erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibenanordnung, wobei die Heiz-Steuereinheit automatisch einen Heizstrom zuführt, sobald eine durch den Temperatursensor gemessene Temperatur unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert fällt, wodurch die durch den Temperatursensor gemessene Temperatur über den Grenzwert gesteigert beziehungsweise angehoben wird. Composite pane arrangement according to the invention, the heating control unit automatically supplying a heating current as soon as a temperature measured by the temperature sensor falls below a predetermined limit value, whereby the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is increased or raised above the limit value.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Figuren und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung ist eine schematische Darstellung und nicht The invention is explained in more detail with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and not
maßstabsgetreu. Die Figuren schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. true to scale. The figures do not restrict the invention in any way.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausgestaltung der Fig. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of the
erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe mit elektrisch steuerbarer Sonnenblende, Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch die Windschutzscheibe aus Figur 1 , composite pane according to the invention as a windshield with electrically controllable sun visor, FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the windshield from FIG. 1,
Fig. 3 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs Z aus Figur 2 und 3 shows an enlarged illustration of the area Z from FIG. 2 and FIG
Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung zur Ausführung der Erfindung in Art eines Funktions-Blockschaltbildes. 4 shows a schematic representation for the implementation of the invention in the form of a functional block diagram.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Windschutzscheibe 1 mit elektrisch steuerbarer Sonnenblende S als bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen 1 shows schematically a windshield 1 with an electrically controllable sun visor S as a preferred embodiment of the invention
Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen Eigenschaften als Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibenanordnung, und Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 zeigen jeweils Details hiervon. Die Windschutzscheibe 1 umfasst eine Außenscheibe 1 a und eine Innenscheibe 1 b, die über eine Zwischenschicht 3 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Außenscheibe 1 a weist eine Dicke von z. B. 1 ,6 oder 2, 1 mm auf und besteht aus einem Kalk-Natron-Glas. Die Innenscheibe 1 b weist eine Dicke von 1 ,6 mm auf und besteht aus einem klaren Kalk-Natron-Glas. Die Windschutzscheibe weist eine in Einbaulage dem Dach zugewandte Oberkante D und eine in Einbaulage dem Motorraum zugewandte Unterkanten M auf. Composite pane with electrically controllable optical properties as part of a composite pane arrangement according to the invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 each show details thereof. The windshield 1 comprises an outer pane 1 a and an inner pane 1 b, which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer 3. The outer disk 1 a has a thickness of, for. B. 1, 6 or 2, 1 mm and consists of a soda-lime glass. The inner pane 1 b has a thickness of 1.6 mm and consists of a clear soda-lime glass. The windshield has an upper edge D facing the roof in the installed position and a lower edge M facing the engine compartment in the installed position.
Die Windschutzscheibe 1 ist in einem Bereich oberhalb des zentralen The windshield 1 is in an area above the central
Sichtbereichs B (wie in ECE-R43 definiert) mit einer elektrisch steuerbaren Sonnenblende S ausgestattet. Die Sonnenblende S ist durch eine kommerzielle erhältliche PDLC-Mehrschichtfolie als Funktionselement 4 gebildet, das in eine Aussparung in der Zwischenschicht 3 eingelagert ist. Die Höhe der Sonnenblende beträgt beispielsweise 21 cm. Field of vision B (as defined in ECE-R43) equipped with an electrically controllable sun visor S. The sun visor S is formed by a commercially available PDLC multilayer film as the functional element 4, which is embedded in a recess in the intermediate layer 3. The height of the sun visor is, for example, 21 cm.
An den Seitenkanten des Funktionselementes 4 (der Sonnenblende S) ist jeweils ein Funktionselement-Busbar 4a, 4b zum elektrischen Anschluss an eine (nicht gezeigte) Ansteuerschaltung gebildet. A functional element busbar 4a, 4b for electrical connection to a control circuit (not shown) is formed on the side edges of the functional element 4 (the sun visor S).
Wie Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen, ist nahezu die gesamte Fläche der Windschutzscheibe 1 (mit Ausnahme der unmittelbaren seitlichen Randbereiche) mit einer As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, almost the entire surface of the windshield 1 (with the exception of the immediate lateral edge areas) is with a
Heizwiderstandsschicht 1 1 auf der I nnenfläche der I nnenscheibe 2 versehen.Heating resistance layer 1 1 provided on the inner surface of the inner pane 2.
An deren Seitenkanten ist jeweils ein Heizstrom-Busbar 1 1 a, 1 1 b aufgebracht.A heating current busbar 1 1 a, 1 1 b is applied to each of the side edges.
Bei der Heizwiderstandsschicht 1 1 handelt es sich um eine transparente geschlossene Beschichtung (z. B. aus Silber), wie sie dem Fachmann von handelsüblichen heizbaren Windschutzscheiben für PKW an sich bekannt ist.The heating resistance layer 11 is a transparent, closed coating (for example made of silver), as would be known to those skilled in the art commercial heated windshields for cars is known per se.
Bei den Heizstrom-Busbars 1 1 a, 1 1 b handelt es sich um (als solche ebenfalls bekannte) leitfähige Dickschicht-Streifen, beispielsweise aus einer thermisch behandelten Silberpaste. The heating current busbars 1 1 a, 1 1 b are conductive thick-film strips (also known as such), for example made from a thermally treated silver paste.
Wie aus der Querschnittsdarstellung von Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist, umfasst die Zwischenschicht 3 hier insgesamt drei thermoplastische Schichten 3a, 3b, 3c, die jeweils durch eine thermoplastische Folie mit einer Dicke von 0,38 mm aus PVB ausgebildet sind. Die erste thermoplastische Schicht 3a ist mit der As can be seen from the cross-sectional illustration of FIG. 2, the intermediate layer 3 here comprises a total of three thermoplastic layers 3a, 3b, 3c, each of which is formed by a thermoplastic film with a thickness of 0.38 mm made of PVB. The first thermoplastic layer 3a is with the
Außenscheibe 1 a verbunden, die zweite thermoplastische Schicht 3b mit der I nnenscheibe 1 b. Die dazwischenliegende dritte thermoplastische Schicht 3c weist einen Ausschnitt auf, in welchen die zugeschnittene PDLC-Mehrschichtfolie im Wesentlichen passgenau, das heißt an allen Seiten etwa bündig, eingelegt ist. Die dritte thermoplastische Schicht 3c bildet also gleichsam eine Art Passepartout für das etwa 0,4 mm dicke Funktionselement 4, welches somit rundum in thermoplastisches Material eingekapselt und dadurch geschützt ist. Outer pane 1 a connected, the second thermoplastic layer 3b with the inner pane 1 b. The intervening third thermoplastic layer 3c has a cutout into which the cut PDLC multilayer film is inserted with a substantially precise fit, that is to say approximately flush on all sides. The third thermoplastic layer 3c thus forms, as it were, a kind of passepartout for the approximately 0.4 mm thick functional element 4, which is thus encapsulated all around in thermoplastic material and thus protected.
Die erste thermoplastische Schicht 3a weist einen getönten Bereich 3a' auf, der zwischen dem Funktionselement 4 und der Außenscheibe 1 angeordnet ist.The first thermoplastic layer 3 a has a tinted area 3 a ′, which is arranged between the functional element 4 and the outer pane 1.
Die Lichttransmission der Windschutzscheibe wird dadurch im Bereich der Sonnenblende 4 zusätzlich herabgesetzt und das milchige Aussehen des The light transmission of the windshield is thereby additionally reduced in the area of the sun visor 4 and the milky appearance of the
PDLC-Funktionselements 4 im diffusiven Zustand abgemildert. Die Ästhetik der Windschutzscheibe wird dadurch deutlich ansprechender gestaltet. Die erste thermoplastische Schicht 3a weist im Bereich 3a' beispielsweise eine PDLC functional element 4 attenuated in the diffusive state. The aesthetics of the windshield is made much more appealing. The first thermoplastic layer 3a has, for example, one in the area 3a '
durchschnittliche Lichttransmission von 30% auf, womit gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Der Bereich 3a' kann homogen getönt sein. Oft ist es jedoch optisch ansprechender, wenn die Tönung in Richtung der Unterkante des average light transmission of 30%, with which good results are achieved. The area 3a 'can be tinted homogeneously. However, it is often more visually appealing when the tint is tinted towards the lower edge of the
Funktionselements 4 geringer wird, so dass der getönte und der ungetönte Bereich fließend ineinander übergehen. I m dargestellten Fall sind die Unterkanten des getönten Bereichs 3a' und des PDLC-Funktionselements 4 bündig Functional element 4 becomes smaller, so that the tinted and non-tinted areas merge smoothly into one another. In the case shown, the lower edges of the tinted area 3a 'and of the PDLC functional element 4 are flush
angeordnet. Dies ist aber nicht notwendigerweise der Fall. Es ist ebenso möglich, dass der getönte Bereich 3a' über das Funktionselement 4 übersteht oder dass umgekehrt das Funktionselement 4 über den getönten Bereich 3a' übersteht. arranged. But this is not necessarily the case. It is also possible for the tinted area 3a 'to protrude beyond the functional element 4 or, conversely, for the functional element 4 to protrude beyond the tinted area 3a'.
Das steuerbare Funktionselement 4 ist wie Fig. 3 zeigt, eine Mehrschichtfolie, bestehend aus einer aktiven Schicht 5 zwischen zwei Flächenelektroden 8, 9 und zwei Trägerfolien 6, 7. Die aktive Schicht 5 enthält eine Polymermatrix mit darin dispergierten Flüssigkristallen, die sich in Abhängigkeit der an die The controllable functional element 4 is, as FIG. 3 shows, a multilayer film consisting of an active layer 5 between two surface electrodes 8, 9 and two carrier films 6, 7. The active layer 5 contains a polymer matrix with liquid crystals dispersed therein, which depend on the
Flächenelektroden angelegten elektrischen Spannung ausrichten, wodurch die optischen Eigenschaften geregelt werden können. Die Trägerfolien 6, 7 bestehen aus PET und weisen eine Dicke von beispielsweise ca. 0,2 mm auf. Die Align surface electrodes applied electrical voltage, whereby the optical properties can be regulated. The carrier films 6, 7 are made of PET and have a thickness of, for example, approximately 0.2 mm. The
Trägerfolien 6, 7 sind mit einer zur aktiven Schicht 5 weisenden Beschichtung aus ITO mit einer Dicke von etwa 100 nm versehen, welche die Flächenelektroden 8,Carrier foils 6, 7 are provided with a coating of ITO facing the active layer 5 with a thickness of about 100 nm, which the surface electrodes 8,
9 ausbilden. Die Flächenelektroden 8, 9 sind über nicht dargestellte Sammelleiter (beispielweise ausgebildet durch einen silberhaltigen Siebdruck) und nicht dargestellte Verbindungskabel mit der Bordelektrik verbindbar. 9 train. The surface electrodes 8, 9 can be connected to the on-board electrical system via busbars (not shown) (for example formed by a silver-containing screen print) and connecting cables (not shown).
Die Windschutzscheibe weist, wie üblich, einen umlaufenden peripheren The windshield has, as usual, a circumferential peripheral
Abdeckdruck 10 auf, der durch eine opake Emaille auf den innenraumseitigen Oberflächen (in Einbaulage dem Innenraum des Fahrzeugs zugewandt) der Außenscheibe 1 a und der I nnenscheibe 1 b ausgebildet ist. Der Abstand des Funktionselements 4 zur Oberkante D und den Seitenkanten der Covering print 10, which is formed by an opaque enamel on the interior-side surfaces (in the installed position facing the interior of the vehicle) of the outer pane 1 a and the inner pane 1 b. The distance between the functional element 4 and the upper edge D and the side edges of the
Windschutzscheibe ist kleiner als die Breite des Abdeckdrucks 10, so dass die Seitenkanten des Funktionselements 4 - mit Ausnahme der zum zentralen Windshield is smaller than the width of the cover print 10, so that the side edges of the functional element 4 - with the exception of the central
Sichtfeld B weisenden Seitenkante - durch den Abdeckdruck 10 verdeckt sind. Auch die nicht dargestellten elektrischen Anschlüsse werden sinnvollerweise im Bereich des Abdeckdrucks 10 angebracht und somit versteckt. Side edge facing field of view B - are covered by the cover print 10. The electrical connections (not shown) are also expediently attached in the area of the cover print 10 and thus hidden.
Fig. 4 ist eine schematische Darstellung einer Verbundscheibenanordnung 12, die eine Verbundscheibe (Windschutzscheibe) 1 der oben erläuterten Art umfasst, in Form eines Funktions-Blockschaltbildes. Die Verbundscheibe 1 ist hier in Art einer Explosionsdarstellung dargestellt, und die Bezeichnung ihrer Komponenten entspricht der Bezeichnung in Fig. 1 bis 3. FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a composite pane arrangement 12, which comprises a composite pane (windshield) 1 of the type explained above, in the form of a functional block diagram. The composite pane 1 is shown here in the form of an exploded view, and the designation of its components corresponds to the designation in FIGS. 1 to 3.
Die Funktionselement-Busbars 4a, 4b des Funktionselementes 4 sind über (nicht gesondert bezeichnete) Verbindungsleitungen innerhalb und außerhalb der Verbundscheibe mit einer Ansteuerschaltung 13 des optoelektronischen The functional element busbars 4a, 4b of the functional element 4 are connected to a control circuit 13 of the optoelectronic via connecting lines (not designated separately) inside and outside the composite pane
Funktionselementes 4 verbunden, die in bekannter Weise aufgebaut sein kann und deren Aufbau und Funktionsweise daher hier nicht erläutert werden. Functional element 4 connected, which can be constructed in a known manner and whose construction and mode of operation are therefore not explained here.
Andererseits sind die Heizstrom-Busbars 1 1 a, 1 1 b auf der Heizwiderstandsschicht 1 1 über eine Heiz-Steuereinheit mit einer Heizstromquelle 15 verbunden. Auch diese Heizeinrichtung der Verbundscheibe 1 ist grundsätzlich von handelsüblichen heizbaren Windschutzscheiben mit transparenter Heizwiderstandsschicht bekannt und wird hier daher ebenfalls nicht genauer beschrieben. On the other hand, the heating current busbars 1 1 a, 1 1 b are on the Heating resistance layer 1 1 connected to a heating current source 15 via a heating control unit. This heating device of the composite pane 1 is also known in principle from commercially available heatable windshields with a transparent heating resistance layer and is therefore also not described in more detail here.
I nnerhalb der Windschutzscheibe 1 und angrenzend an das optoelektronische Funktionselement 4 ist ein Temperaturfühler 16 von an sich bekannter Bauart vorgesehen, der mit einem Eingang der Heiz-Steuereinheit 14 verbunden ist.Inside the windshield 1 and adjacent to the optoelectronic functional element 4, a temperature sensor 16 of a known type is provided, which is connected to an input of the heating control unit 14.
Das Signal des Temperatursensors 16, welches die Ist-Temperatur der aktiven Schicht des Funktionselementes 4 wiedergibt, dient als Eingangsgröße für die Steuerung der Energiezuführung zu den Anschlüssen (Busbars) 1 1 a, 1 1 b der Heizwiderstandsschicht 1 1 . The signal from the temperature sensor 16, which reflects the actual temperature of the active layer of the functional element 4, is used as an input variable for controlling the energy supply to the connections (busbars) 1 1 a, 1 1 b of the heating resistor layer 1 1.
Die Ausführung der Erfindung ist insgesamt nicht auf die oben hervorgehobenen Aspekte und oben beschriebenen Beispiele beschränkt, sondern ebenso in einer Vielzahl von Abwandlungen möglich, die im Rahmen der anhängenden Ansprüche liegen. The implementation of the invention is not limited overall to the aspects highlighted above and examples described above, but is also possible in a large number of modifications which are within the scope of the appended claims.
Bezugszeichen Reference number
1 Windschutzscheibe 1 windshield
1 a Außenscheibe 1 a outer pane
1 b I nnenscheibe 1 b inner pane
3 thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 thermoplastic intermediate layer
3a erste Schicht der Zwischenschicht 3 3a first layer of the intermediate layer 3
3a' getönter Bereich der ersten Schicht 3a 3a 'tinted area of the first layer 3a
3b zweite Schicht der Zwischenschicht 3 3b second layer of intermediate layer 3
3c dritte Schicht der Zwischenschicht 3 3c third layer of intermediate layer 3
4 Funktionselement mit elektrisch regelbaren optischen Eigenschaften 4 functional element with electrically adjustable optical properties
4a, 4b Funktionselement-Busbar 4a, 4b functional element busbar
5 aktive Schicht des Funktionselements 4 5 active layer of the functional element 4
6 erste Trägerfolie des Funktionselements 4 6 first carrier film of the functional element 4
7 zweite Trägerfolie des Funktionselements 4 7 second carrier film of the functional element 4
8, 9 Flächenelektrode des Funktionselements 4 8, 9 surface electrode of the functional element 4
10 Abdeckdruck 10 masking print
1 1 Heizwiderstandsschicht 1 1 heating resistor layer
1 1 a, 1 1 b Heizstrom-Busbar 1 1 a, 1 1 b heating current busbar
12 Verbundscheibenanordnung 12 composite pane arrangement
13 Ansteuerschaltung des optoelektronischen Funktionselementes 13 Control circuit of the optoelectronic functional element
14 Heiz-Steuereinheit 14 Heating control unit
15 Heizstromquelle 15 heating power source
16 Temperatursensor 16 temperature sensor
B Sichtbereich B viewing area
D Scheibenoberkante D top edge of the pane
M Scheibenunterkante M lower edge of the pane
S Sonnenblende S sun visor
X-X' Schnittlinie X-X 'cutting line

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verbundscheibenanordnung, insbesondere Fahrzeugverglasungseinheit, mit 1. Laminated pane arrangement, in particular vehicle glazing unit, with
- einer Verbundscheibe (1) mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen - A composite pane (1) with electrically controllable optical
Eigenschaften, umfassend eine Außenscheibe (1 a) und eine Innenscheibe (1 b), die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) miteinander verbunden sind, Properties, comprising an outer pane (1 a) and an inner pane (1 b), which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3),
wobei ein Funktionselement (4) mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen wherein a functional element (4) with electrically controllable optical
Eigenschaften in die Zwischenschicht (3) eingelagert ist, umfassend eine aktive Schicht (5), der an beiden Oberflächen transparente flächige Properties in the intermediate layer (3) is incorporated, comprising an active layer (5), which is transparent on both surfaces
Steuerelektroden (8, 9) zugeordnet sind, zwischen einer ersten Trägerfolie (6) und einer zweiten Trägerfolie (7), und Control electrodes (8, 9) are assigned between a first carrier film (6) and a second carrier film (7), and
wobei auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe (1 b) oder der Außenscheibe (1 a) oder innerhalb der Zwischenschicht (3) eine transparente a transparent layer on the inside of the inner pane (1 b) or the outer pane (1 a) or within the intermediate layer (3)
Heizwiderstandsschicht (11) aufgebracht ist, auf der an oder nahe gegenüberliegenden Kanten jeweils ein Busbar (11 a, 11 b) zum Anschluss an eine Heizstromquelle angeordnet ist, Heating resistance layer (11) is applied, on which a busbar (11 a, 11 b) for connection to a heating current source is arranged on or near opposite edges,
-einer Ansteuereinheit (13) zur Steuerung der optischen Eigenschaften des Funktionselementes (4), - a control unit (13) for controlling the optical properties of the functional element (4),
- einem Temperatursensor (16), - a temperature sensor (16),
- einer Heizstromquelle (15) zum Anlegen eines Heizstromes an die Busbars (11 a, 11 b) der Heizwiderstandsschicht (11) und - A heating current source (15) for applying a heating current to the busbars (11 a, 11 b) of the heating resistor layer (11) and
- einer Heiz-Steuereinheit (14) zum Steuern der Zuführung von Heizstrom an die Heizwiderstandsschicht zur Einstellung einer vorbestimmten Temperatur oder eines vorbestimmten Temperaturbereiches der aktiven Schicht (5) des Funktionselementes (4), - A heating control unit (14) for controlling the supply of heating current to the heating resistance layer for setting a predetermined temperature or a predetermined temperature range of the active layer (5) of the functional element (4),
wobei die Heiz-Steuereinheit (14) geeignet ist, Heizstrom zuzuführen, sobald eine durch den Temperatursensor (16) gemessene Temperatur unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert fällt, um die Temperatur über den Grenzwert zu steigern. wherein the heating control unit (14) is suitable for supplying heating current as soon as a temperature measured by the temperature sensor (16) falls below a predetermined limit value in order to increase the temperature above the limit value.
2. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Funktionselement (4) ein PDLC-Funktionselement, PNLC-Funktionselement, SPD- Funktionselement oder elektrochromes Funktionselement ist. 2. Laminated pane arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the functional element (4) is a PDLC functional element, PNLC functional element, SPD functional element or electrochromic functional element.
3. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der besagte Grenzwert 0 °C beträgt, bevorzugt 3°C, besonders bevorzugt 5°C. 3. Composite pane arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said limit value is 0 ° C, preferably 3 ° C, particularly preferably 5 ° C.
4. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Funktionselement (4) in einem ersten Teilbereich (S) der Verbundscheibe vorgesehen ist und die Heizwiderstandsschicht (11) sich über einen zweiten Teilbereich der Verbundscheibe erstreckt, der den ersten Teilbereich einschließt. 4. Composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the functional element (4) is provided in a first sub-area (S) of the composite pane and the heating resistance layer (11) extends over a second sub-area of the composite pane which includes the first sub-area.
5. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Heizwiderstandsschicht (11) den überwiegenden Teil der Fläche, 5. Composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating resistance layer (11) covers the majority of the area,
insbesondere die gesamte Fläche, der Verbundscheibe bedeckt. in particular covers the entire surface of the composite pane.
6. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Temperatursensor (16) in der Verbundscheibe integriert ist. 6. Composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature sensor (16) is integrated in the composite pane.
7. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Verbundscheibe (1) ausgebildet ist als Windschutzscheibe oder 7. composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composite pane (1) is designed as a windshield or
Dachverglasung eines Straßenfahrzeugs, insbesondere PKW. Roof glazing of a road vehicle, in particular a car.
8. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Heiz-Steuereinheit (14) eingangsseitig mit dem Temperatursensor (16) verbunden ist. 8. Laminated pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heating control unit (14) is connected on the input side to the temperature sensor (16).
9. Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Heiz-Steuereinheit (14) mit einem Regelkreis ausgestattet ist, um die 9. composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heating control unit (14) is equipped with a control circuit to the
Temperatur über dem besagten Grenzwert zu halten. To keep the temperature above the said limit.
10. Straßenfahrzeug, insbesondere PKW, mit einer Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9. 10. A road vehicle, in particular a car, with a composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9.
11. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbundscheibenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Heiz-Steuereinheit (14) einen Heizstrom zuführt, sobald eine durch den Temperatursensor (16) gemessene Temperatur unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert fällt, wodurch die Temperatur über den Grenzwert gesteigert wird. 11. The method for operating a composite pane arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the heating control unit (14) supplies a heating current as soon as a temperature measured by the temperature sensor (16) falls below a predetermined limit value, whereby the temperature rises above the limit value becomes.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 1 , wobei durch die Temperatursteigerung eine Verkürzung der Schaltzeiten des Funktionselements (4) erreicht wird. 12. The method according to claim 1 1, wherein a shortening of the switching times of the functional element (4) is achieved by the increase in temperature.
PCT/EP2020/059843 2019-04-29 2020-04-07 Composite pane having electrically controllable optical properties, and composite pane arrangement WO2020221559A1 (en)

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