WO2020220712A1 - 板材生产线及板材生产工艺 - Google Patents

板材生产线及板材生产工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220712A1
WO2020220712A1 PCT/CN2019/129696 CN2019129696W WO2020220712A1 WO 2020220712 A1 WO2020220712 A1 WO 2020220712A1 CN 2019129696 W CN2019129696 W CN 2019129696W WO 2020220712 A1 WO2020220712 A1 WO 2020220712A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blank
heating
production line
cooling
board production
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/129696
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周玉亮
刘成功
Original Assignee
青岛三益塑料机械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201920615727.9U external-priority patent/CN210061742U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910359228.2A external-priority patent/CN110103384A/zh
Application filed by 青岛三益塑料机械有限公司 filed Critical 青岛三益塑料机械有限公司
Priority to DE212019000483.0U priority Critical patent/DE212019000483U1/de
Publication of WO2020220712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220712A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/24—Calendering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/30—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/44—Compression means for making articles of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of sheet metal processing, and specifically relates to a sheet metal production line and a sheet metal production process.
  • the structure of the traditional plate production line includes: a mixer, an extruder, a mold, a shaping mechanism, a calender, and back-end transportation and cutting equipment.
  • the mixer is used for the mixing of materials; the mixed materials are extruded in layers by the extruder and then enter the die; after the die extrudes the raw material, it is preliminarily extruded and shaped by the shaping mechanism, and then enters the calender, After the raw material is calendered and coated, it is transported to the rear end and cut into finished plates.
  • the panel production line in the prior art has the problems of low production efficiency and low yield.
  • WPC panel production lines since the finished products of WPC panels require good flatness, in traditional panel production lines, WPC panel production lines usually Only 80 extruder is applicable.
  • the production efficiency of the overall production line can usually only reach 400Kg/hour.
  • the thickness error of the finished plate is usually ⁇ 0.15mm, which is relatively large.
  • the temperature of the blanks extruded from the mold will drop after the shaping mechanism is set, and the hardness of the blanks is relatively strong, and they cannot enter the calender roll group of the calender smoothly. Manual intervention is required. The operator puts the blanks into the calender roll group. Within the gap.
  • the production efficiency is low; the raw material directly enters the calender after cooling and shaping, and the calender performs heating and filming treatments on it.
  • the low speed of the calender roll of the calender can ensure that the sheet material embryo is fully heated, foamed, and viscous between the calender rolls to ensure the smooth completion of the filming process, which further affects the processing efficiency and product rate of the overall production line.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a plate production line and a plate production process, which can increase the production capacity and the plate yield rate compared with traditional production lines.
  • Sheet production line including:
  • the material embryo heating mechanism is used to heat the material embryo
  • the discharge end of the blank heating mechanism is located at the front end of the feeding end of the calender, so that the blank enters the calender after heating.
  • the material embryo heating mechanism includes at least one heating box.
  • the raw material heating mechanism includes a plurality of heating boxes, and the raw material is heated by the plurality of heating boxes in sequence.
  • the material blank heating mechanism includes at least one heating roller group, and each heating roller group includes two heating rollers arranged at intervals, and the material blank can pass through the gap between the two heating rollers.
  • the production line also includes:
  • the blank cooling setting mechanism includes at least one set of cooling setting plate groups, each set of cooling setting plate group includes two setting plates arranged at intervals, and the blank can pass through the gap between the two setting plates; according to the processing flow, the blank cooling setting mechanism The discharging end is located at the front end of the feeding end of the blank heating mechanism.
  • the production line further includes a blank traction mechanism.
  • the blank traction mechanism is arranged between the blank cooling and setting mechanism and the blank heating mechanism.
  • the blank traction mechanism includes at least one set of traction roller groups, and each set of traction roller groups includes two traction rollers arranged at intervals, and the blank can pass through the gap between the two traction rollers.
  • the blank cooling and setting mechanism is arranged at intervals between the discharge end of the blank heating mechanism and the inlet of the blank heating mechanism, so that the blank is air-cooled.
  • the production line further includes a mold.
  • the discharge end of the mold is located at the front end of the feed end of the blank heating mechanism.
  • the board production process using the above board production line, includes the following steps:
  • the pre-heated raw material enters the calender for laminating and calendering.
  • preheating the material blank before preheating the material blank, it further includes the step of cooling the material blank.
  • the cooling process includes two stages, namely the first stage cooling process completed by the cooling setting mechanism and the second stage cooling process through air cooling.
  • the plate production line provided in this application adds a material blank heating mechanism, so that the material blank is preheated before entering the calender.
  • the pre-heating process makes the plate soften in advance. On the one hand, it can ensure that the blank enters the calender smoothly without manual intervention. On the other hand, it can reduce the heating requirement of the calender for the blank, even if the plate is increased in the calender
  • the internal passing speed can also ensure the processing quality, and furthermore, can increase the processing speed of the plate.
  • This improvement of the plate production line enables the production line to adapt to high-speed processing requirements and can be equipped with high-speed processing equipment.
  • the front end of the production line can be equipped with a high-speed extruder, which can increase the transportation speed of the entire production line, increase production capacity and yield .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plate production line according to the first embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating box of the embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plate production line according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating roller set according to an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a plate production line according to a third embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a plate production line according to the fourth embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the panel production line of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a plate production line according to another embodiment of this application.
  • 3- heating roller group 301-first heating roller, 302-second heating roller, 303-air cylinder;
  • 6-traction roller group 601-first traction roller, 602-second traction roller;
  • This application provides a board production line, which can be used for the production of boards such as flooring, and is especially suitable for the production of boards such as WPC and SPC.
  • Figures 7 and 8 for the overall structure, including a mixer 9, an extruder 8, a mold 7, etc. at the front end of the production line, and conveying and cutting equipment at the back end of the production line (not shown in the figure).
  • the materials needed to produce the plates are first put into the mixer 9 for mixing, and then extruded in layers by the extruder 8.
  • the number and selection of the extruders 8 depend on the structure of the produced plates;
  • the extruded material is preliminarily extruded and shaped by the die 7 to form a plate material embryo.
  • the raw material that passes through the mold 7 has a temperature, but before the raw material enters the calender, it will be affected by external factors and become hardened by cooling.
  • the plate production line provided in this embodiment also includes a blank heating mechanism and a calender located in the middle of the production line.
  • the blank heating mechanism is used to heat the blank; the blank described here is at least the blank obtained after being processed by the mold 7;
  • the discharge end of the blank heating mechanism is located at the front end of the feeding end of the calender, so that the blank enters the calender 1 after heating.
  • a heating box 2 is used as the material embryo heating mechanism, and the material embryo heating mechanism includes at least one heating box 2.
  • the heating box 2 has an inlet and an outlet for the input and output of the raw material, and the inside of the heating box 2 has an electric heating structure and a conveying roller.
  • the raw material enters through the inlet, and after heating, it is conveyed to the calender 1 through the outlet.
  • the number of heating boxes 2 is selected according to conditions such as heating requirements, output requirements, plate types, etc. For example, in order to increase the output of the production line, the transportation speed of the overall production line is relatively fast, and the time for the plate to pass through a single heating box is relatively short. In this case, it is necessary to set up multiple heating boxes and repeat heating to ensure that the blank is fully covered. Softening: Because each type of blank material has different properties, heating requirements are also different. For plates with high heating temperature requirements, the number of heating boxes 2 can be increased.
  • two heating boxes 2 are used.
  • the first heating box 201 and the second heating box 202 are respectively arranged in sequence.
  • the raw material first enters the first heating box 201, enters the second heating box 202 through the outlet of the first heating box, and is fully heated.
  • Figure 3 and Figure 4 for the implementation form of the second material embryo heating mechanism.
  • the heating roller group is used as the heating mechanism for the material embryo.
  • the raw material heating mechanism includes at least one set of heating rollers 3. As shown in FIG. 4, each set of heating rollers 3 includes two heating rollers arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, namely, a first heating roller 301 located above and a second heating roller located below. Two heating rollers 302, the blank can pass through the gap between the two heating rollers, the heating roller has a heating oil passage, and the blank is heated by the heating oil.
  • One heating roller or two heating rollers in each heating roller group 3 can be connected with a gap adjustment mechanism to adjust the gap between the two heating rollers according to the thickness of the blank, for example, a hydraulic adjustment mechanism or motor adjustment can be used Mechanism.
  • This embodiment uses an air cylinder 303.
  • the air cylinder 303 is connected to the first heating roller 301 located above.
  • the longitudinal position of the first heating roller 301 can be adjusted to adjust the distance between the first heating roller 301 and the second heating roller 302. Clearance.
  • the number of heating roller groups 3 can also be selected according to conditions such as heating requirements, output requirements, sheet types, etc. In order to ensure sufficient heating effect, multiple heating roller groups 3 can be selected.
  • the blank Before entering the calender, the blank is pre-heated by the heating mechanism of the blank, and the texture becomes soft.
  • the blank When the blank is transported to the calender 1 via the idler, it has a vertical downward movement tendency.
  • the feed inlet of the idler and the calender At the end of the roll, the feed inlet of the idler and the calender has a vertical position difference, so that the blank can enter the calender smoothly.
  • the state of flexible blanks can ensure that the blanks are not stretched. If the blank is stretched, it will affect the effect of the subsequent film texture.
  • the preheating of the raw material heating mechanism can accelerate the viscosity of the raw material to attach the sheet film, thereby reducing the processing time of the calender 1 and increasing The speed of the calender 1 increases the output.
  • a high-speed extruder can be configured, and the output can be increased from 400Kg/hour to 800Kg/hour, or even higher.
  • the thickness error of the finished plate is usually ⁇ 0.15mm, which is reduced to ⁇ 0.10mm.
  • the plate production line provided in this embodiment further adds a blank cooling setting mechanism for cooling and modifying the blank.
  • Figure 5 and Figure 6 respectively, which are schematic diagrams of two specific implementation structures.
  • the blank cooling and setting mechanism 4 is arranged at the discharge end of the mold 7, and its function is to modify the blank material so that after entering the calender 1 subsequently, the blank can become sticky after heating.
  • the blank cooling and setting mechanism includes at least one set of cooling setting plate groups 4, and each group of cooling setting plate groups includes two setting plates arranged at intervals, namely, a first setting plate 401 located above and a second setting plate 402 located below. , The blank can pass through the gap between the two shaping plates.
  • the discharge end of the blank cooling and setting mechanism is located at the front end of the feeding end of the blank heating mechanism. After the material embryo is cooled, it enters the material embryo heating mechanism. As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig.
  • this embodiment adopts three sets of cooling and shaping plate groups 4, which are much longer than the length of the prior art cooling and shaping mechanism, which can improve the processing effect and processing speed.
  • the upper first shaping plate 401 is connected to an adjusting cylinder, which can adjust the gap between the two shaping plates.
  • the blank cooling and shaping mechanism is arranged at intervals between the discharge end of the blank heating mechanism and the feeding opening of the blank heating mechanism. Specifically, a section of conveying roller 5 is set, and the transmission roller 5 is exposed to the air to make the blank It is further cooled by air.
  • the production line also includes a blank traction mechanism.
  • the blank traction mechanism is arranged between the blank cooling and setting mechanism and the blank heating mechanism. It is specifically arranged between the conveying roller 5 and the blank heating mechanism.
  • the blank traction mechanism includes at least one set of traction rollers 6, each set of traction rollers includes two traction rollers arranged at intervals, a first traction roller 601 located above and a second traction roller 602 located below. Pass through the gap of the traction rollers.
  • the first traction roller 601 located above is connected to the adjusting cylinder, which can adjust the gap between the two traction rollers.
  • the heating roller group 3 and the traction roller group 6 have the same structure and are arranged in sequence. The difference is that the traction rollers in the traction roller group 6 are not heated. As shown in FIG. 6, among several groups of roller groups arranged horizontally, the four groups on the left are the heating roller group 3 and the four groups on the right are the traction roller group 6.
  • the present application further provides a plate production process.
  • the plate production line of any one of the above embodiments is adopted.
  • the plate production process includes the following steps:
  • the materials used for plate production are mixed by the mixer, and then enter the extruder.
  • the extruder extrudes the materials to the die 7 in layers, and the die 7 shapes and discharges the blank.
  • the processed blank semi-finished products can also be directly used for processing.
  • the semi-finished material blank is sent to the blank heating mechanism for pre-heating.
  • the blanks that come out of the mold 7 are the blanks with temperature, which need to be cooled and preheated in sequence before entering the calender.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the cooling process is divided into two stages, the first stage is completed by the blank cooling and shaping mechanism, and the second stage is air-cooled by the conveying roller.
  • the blank coming out of the mold 7 first enters the gap between the cooling setting plate group 4, and is cold-pressed and shaped by the cooling setting plate group 4.
  • the blanks are sequentially After multi-stage cooling and shaping plate group 4. After the material is discharged by the cooling setting mechanism, after a period of air cooling, it enters the blank heating mechanism for pre-heating treatment.
  • the preheated material blank will be softened, and the temperature of the material blank will be restored to a temperature close to that of the die 7 and can enter the calender 1 more smoothly.
  • the raw material is sent to the entrance of the heating box 2.
  • the raw material heating mechanism using the multi-stage heating box 2 in series the raw material passes through the multi-stage heating box 2 in sequence;
  • the 3 groups of heating rollers are used as the preform heating mechanism, and the preforms are sent to the gap opening of the first group of heating roller groups.
  • the preform heating mechanism using the multi-stage heating roller group 3 in series the preforms pass through the multi-stage heating rollers in sequence .
  • the preheated raw material enters the calender 1 for film coating and calendering.
  • the softened blank has a certain temperature, but its temperature is still lower than the heating temperature of the calendering roller set. After the raw material enters the calendering roller group, it will be further heated to make it sticky, and the laminating process can be completed.
  • the film structure of the calender is set according to the demand of film.
  • the film structure includes a wear-resistant film roll-up mechanism 101, a color film roll-up mechanism 102, an upper solid layer roll-up mechanism 103, and a lower solid layer roll-up mechanism 104. Wear-resistant film, color film, and upper solid layer The lower solid layer and the lower solid layer are respectively guided to different calender rolls to complete the filming process.
  • the production line with one heating box can reach 600Kg/hour, and the production line with two heating boxes can reach 800Kg/hour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种板材生产线和板材生产工艺，板材生产线包括：料胚加热机构，用于对料胚加热；压延机（1），按板材加工流程，料胚加热机构的出料端位于压延机（1）入料端的前端，以使料胚加热后进入压延机（1）。板材生产工艺，包括以下步骤：制作料胚；对料胚进行预加热；预加热之后的料胚进入压延机（1）进行覆膜及压延处理。该板材生产线和生产工艺，增加了料胚加热机构，使料胚进入压延机（1）之前，先进行预加热处理。预加热处理的过程使板材提前被软化，可以保证料胚顺利进入压延机（1），不再需要人工干预，也可以降低压延机（1）对料胚的加热要求，提高板材在压延机（1）内的通过速度，从而提高板材加工速度。

Description

板材生产线及板材生产工艺 技术领域
本申请涉及板材加工技术领域，具体涉及一种板材生产线及板材生产工艺。
背景技术
传统板材生产线的结构包括：混料机、挤出机、模具、定型机构、压延机及后端运输及切割设备等。其中混料机用于物料的混合；混合之后的物料经挤出机分层挤出后，进入模具；模具挤出料胚后，经定型机构初步挤压定型，再进入压延机，压延机对料胚进行压延、覆膜处理后，输送到后端切割成板材成品。
现有技术中的板材生产线存在生产效率低、成品率低的问题，以木塑(WPC)板材的生产为例，由于WPC板材成品要求平整性好，在传统的板材生产线中，WPC板材生产线通常仅适用80挤出机，整体生产线的生产效率通常仅能达到400Kg/小时，板材成品的厚度误差通常为±0.15mm，误差相对较大。并且，模具挤出的料胚经过定型机构定型后，温度会下降，料胚硬度较强，并不能顺利进入压延机的压延辊组，需要人工干预，操作人员将料胚放入压延辊组的间隙内。
板材生产线的技术缺陷造成如下技术问题：
由于经模具挤出后的料胚，经冷却定型后需要人工干预将其放入压延机，造成生产效率低；料胚冷却定型后直接进入压延机，压延机对其进行加热、贴膜等处理，压延机压延辊的转速低，才能保证板材料胚在压延辊之间被充分加热、发泡、产生粘性，以保证顺利的完成贴膜过程，进一步影响整体生产线的加工效率和产品率。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种板材生产线和板材生产工艺，该板材生产线较传统的产线可以提高产能和板材成品率。
为了实现以上目的，本申请提供如下技术方案：
板材生产线，包括：
料胚加热机构，用于对料胚加热；
压延机，按板材加工流程，料胚加热机构的出料端位于压延机入料端的前端，以使料胚加热后进入压延机。
作为优选：所述料胚加热机构包括至少一个加热箱。
作为优选：所述料胚加热机构包括多个加热箱，料胚顺次通过多个加热箱进行加热。
作为优选：所述料胚加热机构包括至少一组加热辊组，每组加热辊组包括间隔设置的两个加热辊，料胚可从两个加热辊的间隙通过。
作为优选：所述生产线还包括：
料胚冷却定型机构，包括至少一组冷却定型板组，每组冷却定型板组包括间隔设置的两个定型板，料胚可从两个定型板间隙通过；按加工流程，料胚冷却定型机构的出料端位于料胚加热机构入料端的前端。
作为优选：所述生产线还包括料胚牵引机构，按板材加工流程，所述料胚牵引机构设置在料胚冷却定型机构和料胚加热机构之间。
作为优选：所述料胚牵引机构包括至少一组牵引辊组，每组牵引辊组包括间隔设置的两个牵引辊，料胚可从两个牵引辊的间隙通过。
作为优选：料胚冷却定型机构出料端和料胚加热机构入料口之间间隔设置，以使料胚空气冷却。
作为优选：所述生产线进一步包括模具，按板材加工流程，模具出料端位于料胚加热机构入料端的前端。
板材生产工艺，采用上述板材生产线，包括以下步骤：
制作料胚；
对料胚进行预加热；
预加热之后的料胚进入压延机进行覆膜及压延处理。
作为优选：在对料胚进行预加热前还包括对料胚进行冷却的步骤。
作为优选：所述冷却的过程包括两段，分别为由冷却定型机构完成的第一段冷却过程和经由空气冷却的第二段冷却过程。
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果在于：
1、本申请提供的板材生产线，增加了料胚加热机构，使料胚进入压延机之前，先进行预加热处理。预加热处理的过程使板材提前被软化，一方面，可以保证料胚顺利进入压延机，不再需要人工干预，另一方面，可以降低压延机对料胚的加热要求，即使提高板材在压延机内的通过速度，也可以保证加工质量，进而，可以提高板材加工速度。
2、板材生产线的这种改进，使生产线可以适应高速处理要求，可配置高速加工设备，例如，生产线前端可以选择配置高速挤出机，进而可提高整条生产线的运速，提高产能和成品率。
附图说明
下面结合实施例及附图对本申请进一步详细说明：
图1为本申请第一种实施方式板材生产线的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例的加热箱的结构示意图；
图3为本申请第二种实施方式板材生产线的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例的加热辊组的结构示意图；
图5为本申请第三种实施方式板材生产线的结构示意图；
图6为本申请第四种实施方式板材生产线的结构示意图；
图7为本申请板材生产线整体结构示意图；
图8为本申请另一种实施方式板材生产线整体结构示意图；
其中：
1-压延机，101-耐磨膜卷放机构，102-彩膜卷放机构，103-第一实心层卷放机构，104-第二实心层卷放机构；
2-加热箱，201-第一加热箱，202-第二加热箱；
3-加热辊组，301-第一加热辊，302-第二加热辊，303-气缸；
4-冷却定型板组，401-第一定型板，402-第二定型板，
5-传送托辊；
6-牵引辊组，601-第一牵引辊，602-第二牵引辊；
7-模具，8-挤出机，9-混料机。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请具体实施例中的技术方案进行详细、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请总的技术方案的部分具体实施方式，而非全部的实施方式。基于本申请的总的构思，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都落于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置在”，“连接”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。
需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。本申请中所述生产线的“前端”、“中部”和“后端”是相对于板材生产流程的先后顺序来定义的。
需要说明的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，不用于暗指相对重要性。
本申请提供了一种板材生产线，该板材生产线可以用于地板等板材的生产，尤其可以适用于WPC、SPC等板材的生产。
实施例1
板材生产线，整体结构参考图7和图8，包括位于生产线前端的混料机9、挤出机8、模具7等，以及位于生产线后端的输送和裁剪设备等(图中未示出)。生产板材所需要的物料首先放入混料机9进行混合处理，处理后经挤出机8分层挤出：挤出机8的数量和选型，视所生产板材的结构而定；分层挤出的物料经模具7初步挤压定型，形成板材料胚。经过模具7出模的料胚是具有温度的，但在料胚出模进入压延机前，会受外部因素影响，冷却***。
本实施例提供的板材生产线，还包括位于生产线中部的料胚加热机构和压延机。
料胚加热机构，用于对料胚加热；此处所述的料胚，至少是经过模具7处理之后得到的料胚；
压延机1，按板材加工流程，料胚加热机构的出料端位于压延机入料端的前端，以使料胚加热后进入压延机1。
可以采用多种形式的料胚加热机构，本实施例提供两种。
第一种料胚加热机构的实施形式，参考图1、图2。
采用加热箱2作为料胚加热机构，料胚加热机构包括至少一个加热箱2。加热箱2具有供料胚输入和输出的入口和出口，加热箱2内部具有电加热结构和输送辊。料胚经入口进入，加热后，经出口输送至压延机1。
加热箱2的数量，视加热需求、产量要求、板材类型等等条件来选择。例如，为了提高生产线的产量，整体产线的运送速度较快，板材经过单个加热箱的时间相对较短，这种情况下，就需要设置多个加热箱，反复加热，以保证料胚充分被软化；由于每种类型的料胚物料性质不同，加热需求也不同，对于加热温度要求高的板材，可以增加加热箱2的数量。
本实施例中，如图1、图2所示，加热箱2采用两个，沿板材加工流程， 分别为第一加热箱201和第二加热箱202，顺次设置。料胚首先进入第一加热箱201，经第一加热箱出口进入第二加热箱202，充分加热。第二种料胚加热机构的实施形式，参考图3、图4。
采用加热辊组作为料胚加热机构。料胚加热机构包括至少一组加热辊组3，如图4所示，每组加热辊组3包括纵向间隔设置的两个加热辊，即，位于上方的第一加热辊301和位于下方的第二加热辊302，料胚可从两个加热辊的间隙通过，加热辊内具有加热油通路，通过加热油对料胚进行加热。每组加热辊组3中的一个加热辊或者两个加热辊可连接间隙调整机构，用于根据料胚的厚度调整两个加热辊之间的间隙，例如，可以采用液压调整机构，或者电机调整机构，本实施例采用的是气缸303，气缸303与位于上方的第一加热辊301连接，可以调整第一加热辊301的纵向位置，从而调整第一加热辊301与第二加热辊302之间的间隙。
加热辊组3的数量，也可以视加热需求、产量要求、板材类型等等条件来选择。为了保证充分的加热效果，可以选择设置多组加热辊组3。
在压延机1前端设置料胚加热机构，具有如下优势：
使料胚在进入压延机之前，先经料胚加热机构进行预加热处理，质地***，料胚经托辊被运送到压延机1的过程中，具有垂向向下的运动趋势，在托辊末端，托辊和压延机的入料口具有垂向位置差，料胚可以顺利进入压延机。柔性料胚状态，可以保证料胚没有被拉伸。如果料胚被拉伸，会影响后续贴膜纹路效果。
与冷料胚直接进入压延机1进行加热改性相比，经料胚加热机构预加热后，可加速料胚产生粘性，以贴附板材膜，从而可以降低压延机1的处理时间，可提高压延机1的转速，提高产量。另外，可以配置高速挤出机，产量可以由400Kg/小时提高到800Kg/小时，甚至更高。
预加热后可以提高板材质量，板材成品的厚度误差通常为±0.15mm，降低到±0.10mm。
实施例2
本实施例提供的板材生产线在实施例1的基础上，进一步增加了料胚冷却定型机构，用于对料胚的冷却改性。分别参考图5和图6，是两种具体实施结构的示意图。
料胚冷却定型机构4设置在模具7的出料端，其作用是使料胚材料改性，以便后续进入压延机1后，料胚经加热可以产生粘性。料胚冷却定型机构包括至少一组冷却定型板组4，每组冷却定型板组包括间隔设置的两个定型板，即，位于上方的第一定型板401和位于下方的第二定型板402，料胚可从两个定型板间隙通过。按加工流程，料胚冷却定型机构的出料端位于料胚加热机构入料端的前端。料胚冷却后，进入料胚加热机构。如图5、图6所示，本实施例采用三组冷却定型板组4，长度较现有技术冷却定型机构的长度大大提高，可提高处理效果和处理速度。位于上方的第一定型板401连接调节气缸，可以调节两个定型板之间的间隙。
作为本申请的进一步优化，料胚冷却定型机构出料端和料胚加热机构入料口之间间隔设置，具体设置了一段传送托辊5，传动托辊5暴露于空气中，以使料胚进一步被空气冷却。
为了保证料胚可以顺利的从冷却定型机构进入到加热机构，生产线还包括料胚牵引机构，按板材加工流程，所述料胚牵引机构设置在料胚冷却定型机构和料胚加热机构之间，具体设置在传送托辊5与料胚加热机构之间。料胚牵引机构包括至少一组牵引辊组6，每组牵引辊组包括间隔设置的两个牵引辊，位于上方的第一牵引辊601和位于下方的第二牵引辊602，料胚可从两个牵引辊的间隙通过。位于上方的第一牵引辊601连接调节气缸，可以调节两个牵引辊之间的间隙。
对于采用加热辊作为料胚加热机构的生产线，加热辊组3和牵引辊组6的结构是相同的，顺次排列，所不同的是，牵引辊组6中的牵引辊不进行加热。如图6所示，在几组横向排列的辊组中，左侧的四组为加热辊组3，右 侧的四组为牵引辊组6。
实施例3
本申请进一步提供一种板材生产工艺，采用上述任一实施方式的板材生产线，板材生产工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)制作料胚。
生产板材用的物料经混料机混料，混料后进入挤出机，挤出机分层挤出物料至模具7，模具7定型出料胚。此外，需要说明的是，还可以直接采用加工好的料胚半成品进行处理。
(2)料胚预加热；
如果采用料胚半成品进行生产，则将料胚半成品送入料胚加热机构，进行预加热处理。
如果采用模具生产线进行板材加工，经模具7出来的料胚是具有温度的料胚，在进入压延机之前需要依次经过冷却、预加热处理。具体过程如下：
冷却过程分为两段，第一段由料胚冷却定型机构完成，第二段经由传送托辊进行空气冷却。具体地，经模具7出来的料胚首先进入冷却定型板组4之间的间隙，由冷却定型板组4冷压定型，对于采用多级冷却定型板组4的冷却定型机构，料胚顺次经过多级冷却定型板组4。经冷却定型机构出料后，经过一段空气冷却后，再进入料胚加热机构，进行预加热处理。
预加热处理后的料胚将被软化，料胚温度将恢复到近似于出模具7的温度，可以更顺利的进入压延机1。对于采用加热箱2作为料胚加热机构的，料胚被送至加热箱2的入口，对于采用多级加热箱2串联的料胚加热机构，料胚顺次经过多级加热箱2；对于采用加热辊3组作为料胚加热机构的，料胚被送至第一组加热辊组的间隙口，对于采用多级加热辊组3串联的料胚加热机构，料胚顺次经过多级加热辊。
(3)压延覆膜处理。
预加热之后的料胚进入压延机1进行覆膜及压延处理。
经软化之后的料胚具有一定的温度，但其温度还低于压延辊组的加热温度。料胚进入压延辊组之后，将进一步被加热，以使其产生粘性，可完成覆膜处理。
如图1、图3所示，压延机的覆膜结构根据贴膜的需求而设置。本实施例中，覆膜结构包括耐磨膜卷放机构101、彩膜卷放机构102、上实心层卷放机构103和下实心层卷放机构104，耐磨膜、彩膜、上实心层和下实心层分别被导向至不同的压延辊处，完成贴膜处理。
本工艺较传统工艺，可极大提高产能，采用一个加热箱的生产线，产能可以达到600Kg/小时，采用两个加热箱的生产线，产能可以达到800Kg/小时。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 板材生产线，其特征在于：包括：
    料胚加热机构，用于对料胚加热；
    压延机，按板材加工流程，料胚加热机构的出料端位于压延机入料端的前端，以使料胚加热后进入压延机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述料胚加热机构包括至少一个加热箱。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述料胚加热机构包括多个加热箱，料胚顺次通过多个加热箱进行加热。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述料胚加热机构包括至少一组加热辊组，每组加热辊组包括间隔设置的两个加热辊，料胚可从两个加热辊的间隙通过。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述生产线还包括：
    料胚冷却定型机构，包括至少一组冷却定型板组，每组冷却定型板组包括间隔设置的两个定型板，料胚可从两个定型板间隙通过；按加工流程，料胚冷却定型机构的出料端位于料胚加热机构入料端的前端。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述生产线还包括料胚牵引机构，按板材加工流程，所述料胚牵引机构设置在料胚冷却定型机构和料胚加热机构之间。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述料胚牵引机构包括至少一组牵引辊组，每组牵引辊组包括间隔设置的两个牵引辊，料胚可从两个牵引辊的间隙通过。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：料胚冷却定型机构出料端和料胚加热机构入料口之间间隔设置，以使料胚空气冷却。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的板材生产线，其特征在于：所述生产线进一步包括模具，按板材加工流程，模具出料端位于料胚加热机构入料端的前端。
  10. 板材生产工艺，采用权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的板材生产线，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    制作料胚；
    对料胚进行预加热；
    预加热之后的料胚进入压延机进行覆膜及压延处理。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的板材生产工艺，其特征在于，在对料胚进行预加热前还包括对料胚进行冷却的步骤。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的板材生产工艺，其特征在于，所述冷却的过程包括两段，分别为由冷却定型机构完成的第一段冷却过程和经由空气冷却的第二段冷却过程。
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CN208392619U (zh) * 2018-03-12 2019-01-18 青岛睿杰塑料机械有限公司 多层复合地板九辊压延机
CN208601807U (zh) * 2018-06-26 2019-03-15 浙江赛迅环保科技有限公司 一种聚四氟乙烯挤出料压延机
CN110103384A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-09 青岛三益塑料机械有限公司 板材生产线及板材生产工艺

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